PALESTINE - Encyclopædia Universalis

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La préhistoire </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="PALESTINE, L'histoire" href="/encyclopedie/palestine/2-l-histoire/"> 2. L'histoire </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="PALESTINE, Bibliographie" href="/encyclopedie/palestine/3-bibliographie/"> 3. Bibliographie </a> </li> </ul> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-universalis" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#free-toc" aria-expanded="false" title="Afficher / masquer le sommaire"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-eye"></i> Sommaire </button> </div> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>PALESTINE</strong> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><p class="text-sm text-muted mb-1">Article modifié le <time datetime="2025-01-29"> 29/01/2025 </time></p><div class="content paged type-article" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yN132331_0"><i class="anchor" id="yN132331_0"></i><p>La Palestine, contrée aux limites <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le propre du mal tient en ceci qu'il ne peut être nommé, pensé, vécu qu'en relation avec une certaine idée du bien. Qu'il n'y ait pas de bien en soi, que ce que les hommes appellent le bien soit relatif aux situations et aux cultures, et le mal se trouve radicalement relativisé, lui qui du coup peut être le bien d'hier, de demain ou d'ailleurs. Qu'il y ait un absolu du bien, un « so..." title="Article : MAL" href="/encyclopedie/mal/">mal</a> définies et changeantes selon le cours de l'histoire, n'est que la partie méridionale de la région syro-palestinienne – qui constitue, elle-même, la corne occidentale du « Croissant fertile » –, voie de passage privilégiée entre l'Asie et l'Afrique, d'une part, et, d'autre part, façade de l'Asie sur la Méditerranée, fond asiatique du bassin oriental de cette mer.</p><p>L'histoire de la Palestine sera donc déterminée, en grande partie, par cette situation géographique. Les plus anciens vestiges d'une présence humaine en cette contrée, trouvés en position stratigraphique, remontent au <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le Paléolithique (« la pierre ancienne ») est la période au cours de laquelle l'espèce humaine s'est transformée physiquement, passant du stade de l'Australopithèque à celui de l' Homo sapiens moderne. Cette transformation paléontologique s'est accompagnée d'une mutation technologique, sociale et psychologique. Elle a duré un temps considérable, débutant il y a environ 3 millions d..." title="Article : PALÉOLITHIQUE" href="/encyclopedie/paleolithique/">Paléolithique</a> inférieur et pourraient être situés approximativement vers la fin du Pléistocène inférieur. Par la suite, la Palestine va subir une succession d'infiltrations de populations ou d'invasions avec leurs mouvements de flux et de reflux accompagnés de phénomènes, plus ou moins importants suivant les époques, de fixation d'une partie de ces masses migrantes ; couloir stratégique constamment emprunté ou convoité par les grands empires d'Égypte et du Proche- Orient asiatique, elle verra sa vie politique soumise au rythme de l'alternance de l'hégémonie ou de la prépondérance de chacun de ceux-ci, se trouvant condamnée à une vassalité qui ne pourra être provisoirement écartée que lorsque l'empire du Nord-Est et celui du Sud-Ouest éprouveront, simultanément, de graves difficultés.</p><p>Mais si l'ensemble du territoire palestinien est tributaire des mêmes impératifs politiques, par contre, les mouvements et échanges de toutes sortes (de populations, d'idées, de produits) concernent de plus en plus principalement la fertile plaine côtière, tandis que d'est en ouest, à partir de la steppe syrienne et du plateau transjordanien, ne se produiront que quelques infiltrations de tribus semi-nomades ; l'ensemble de collines situé entre cette plaine et la dépression occupée par la vallée du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Fleuve du Proche-Orient dans lequel, selon les Évangiles, Jésus-Christ fut baptisé par saint Jean-Baptiste. Le Jourdain est long de 360 kilomètres et jouit, grâce à son alimentation karstique et nivale, d'un débit assez régulier, environ 32 mètres cubes par seconde au confluent du Yarmouk. L'étymologie du nom évoque la « descente » et le nom arabe Cheria signifie l'« abreuvoir »..." title="Article : JOURDAIN" href="/encyclopedie/jourdain/">Jourdain</a> et la mer Morte, et, surtout, les collines judéennes adossées au véritable obstacle naturel qu'est la mer Morte, ont donc constitué une sorte de zone-refuge restée relativement à l'écart de ces multiples contacts et contaminations. C'est pourquoi, pour peu qu'en ce coin de pays un groupe humain suffisamment important ait atteint à une certaine cohésion, en particulier sous l'influence de quelque chef déterminé, il ne sera pas surprenant que ce groupe aspire à la sauvegarde d'un minimum de stabilité, de personnalité, notamment sur le plan socio-religieux – ce qui devait l'amener fatalement à promulguer des lois de protection d'aspect ségrégatif.</p><p>On peut constater, effectivement, qu'en dehors des périodes où la situation de ses grands voisins ou des grands empires du moment permit à ce groupe de s'étendre sur les plaines et, du même coup, d'entrer davantage en contact avec la civilisation alors dominante, se forgèrent, au cœur de cette contrée, une idéologie socio-religieuse singulièrement peu ouverte, peu syncrétiste (monolâtrie ou hénothéisme évoluant vers le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le monothéisme désigne la forme de religion selon laquelle il n'existe qu'un Dieu unique. Dans la mesure où l'on entend le monothéisme au sens strict (non seulement comme croyance en un seul Dieu, mais comme négation explicite de tous les autres dieux), il n'y a pour l'histoire des religions que quatre grandes religions monothéistes : la religion d' Israël , la religion de Zarathoustra..." title="Article : MONOTHÉISME" href="/encyclopedie/monotheisme/">monothéisme</a>, interprétation de la circoncision comme rite d'agrégation au groupe, endogamie ou interdiction des mariages mixtes, tabous alimentaires et autres interdits, définition stricte de la pureté et des impuretés rituelles, etc.), un peuple enclos dans ses observances et essentiellement tourné vers l'espérance d'une protection divine toute particulière qui, seule, pourrait modifier en sa faveur les rapports des forces, par le moyen d'une intervention surnaturelle. En <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Région de l'ancienne Palestine , entre la Samarie au nord et le Néguev au sud, la Judée fut dans l'Antiquité le cœur du pays juif. Elle se présente comme un plateau bombé, sillonné d'ondulations. Une lourde voûte anticlinale calcaire s'élève doucement ou par flexure au-dessus de la plaine côtière et des collines du Shefela, jusqu'à une altitude de 1 000 mètres, et retombe bruta..." title="Article : JUDÉE" href="/encyclopedie/judee/">Judée</a>, spécialement à <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Jérusalem, dont l'État d' Israël a fait sa capitale, constitue autant un carrefour des religions qu'un terrain d'affrontement. Parmi ses visages multiples, il en est plusieurs qui peuvent éclipser le rôle spirituel que la ville a tenu et tient dans l'histoire : elle apparaît, d'abord, comme un des lieux majeurs de la tension politique qui secoue le Proche-Orient ; par ailleurs, pour d'i..." title="Article : JÉRUSALEM" href="/encyclopedie/jerusalem/">Jérusalem</a>, capitale politique et religieuse avec le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Manuscrit hébreu ancien, récemment découvert et venant probablement des grottes de Qumrân. Ce rouleau, long de 8,60 m et comprenant soixante-six colonnes de texte, est conservé au palais du Livre du musée d'Israël à Jérusalem depuis son acquisition en 1967 par Yigael Yadin. Il daterait de la seconde moitié du ~ i er siècle. Il contient des lois de pureté et d'impureté, des préc..." title="Article : ROULEAU DU TEMPLE" href="/encyclopedie/rouleau-du-temple/">Temple</a>, se constitua ainsi la religion juive.</p><p>Cette sorte de sublimation du désespoir – désespoir provoqué par l'analyse de la situation qui était celle de ce<a href="javascript:" title="Lire la suite" class="read-more ms-1">[...]</a></p></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="N132331_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="LAPERROUSAZ, Ernest-Marie"><a title="Auteur : Ernest-Marie LAPERROUSAZ" rel="author" href="/auteurs/ernest-marie-laperrousaz/"><strong>Ernest-Marie LAPERROUSAZ</strong></a> : ancien pensionnaire de l'École archéologique française de Jérusalem, directeur d'études à l'École pratique des hautes études (section des sciences religieuses, Sorbonne), directeur du Centre interdisciplinaire d'étude de l'évolution des idées, des sciences et techniques (université de Paris-Sud, Orsay) </li><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="MANTRAN, Robert"><a title="Auteur : Robert MANTRAN" rel="author" href="/auteurs/robert-mantran/"><strong>Robert MANTRAN</strong></a> : membre de l'Institut, professeur émérite à l'université de Provence-Aix-Marseille-I </li><li class="list-group-item"><strong> Encyclopædia Universalis</strong> : services rédactionnels de l'Encyclopædia Universalis</li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : PALESTINE" href="/carte-mentale/palestine/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yN132331_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire" href="/classification/histoire/"> Histoire </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire par régions et pays" href="/classification/histoire/histoire-par-regions-et-pays/"> Histoire par régions et pays </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Histoire du Proche et Moyen-Orient"> <a title="Classification : Histoire du Proche et Moyen-Orient" href="/classification/histoire/histoire-par-regions-et-pays/histoire-du-proche-et-moyen-orient/"> Histoire du Proche et Moyen-Orient </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none"> <i class="anchor" id="yN132331_MEDIAS"></i> <p class="title-minor">Médias</p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH997901" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Crâne surmodelé en argile, Jéricho" href="/media/crane-surmodele-en-argile-jericho-ph997901/"> <img id="PH997901" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/7/4/csm_ph997901_8345e349b9.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Crâne surmodelé en argile, Jéricho - crédits : Bridgeman Images " data-description="Crâne surmodelé en argile provenant de Jéricho. Vers 8700-7000 av. J.-C. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, Royaume-Uni." data-copyright=" Bridgeman Images " width="520" height="600" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Crâne surmodelé en argile, Jéricho </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Bridgeman Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="CH000003" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : -1000 à -600. Le fer et les cavaliers" href="/media/1000-a-600-le-fer-et-les-cavaliers-ch000003/"> <img id="CH000003" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/0/csm_ch000003_deb19d0493.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="-1000 à -600. Le fer et les cavaliers - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Métallurgie du fer. Assyrie. Renaissance grecque. Expansion scythe. Les Olmèques en Amérique centrale. Chavín dans les Andes.C'est dans de violents bouleversements que commence le Ier millénaire.Les grands empires du Bronze s'effondrent sous les coups de guerriers nomades, redoutables cavaliers…" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="" height="" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> -1000 à -600. Le fer et les cavaliers </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH992661" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : <it>Athalie chassée du Temple</it>, A. Coypel" href="/media/athalie-chassee-du-temple-a-coypel-ph992661/"> <img id="PH992661" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/8/6/csm_ph992661_a1aa451261.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="<it>Athalie chassée du Temple</it>, A. Coypel - crédits : Peter Willi/ Bridgeman Images " data-description="Antoine COYPEL, Athalie chassée du Temple, huile sur toile. Musée du Louvre, Paris." data-copyright="Peter Willi/ Bridgeman Images " width="800" height="584" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> <it>Athalie chassée du Temple</it>, A. Coypel </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Peter Willi/ Bridgeman Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="text-center"> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" rel="related" href="/medias/palestine/"> Afficher les 7 médias de l'article <span class="rg">PALESTINE</span> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yN132331_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/abdallah-abd-allah/"> <span class="rg">ABDALLAH </span><span class="rm">ou </span><span class="rg">ABD ALLAH </span><span class="rm">(1882-1951) roi de Jordanie (1946-1951)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">467 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Émir autonome de Transjordanie (à partir de 1921) puis roi de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La Jordanie (qui compte 6,4 millions d'habitants en 2013), située sur la rive orientale du Jourdain , est, par-delà la richesse de son patrimoine archéologique (sites de Pétra et de Jérash), associée à la famille hachémite, et notamment à la personnalité du roi Hussein (1953-1999). Descendants du Prophète, les Hachémites avaient été chargés par les Ottomans, à la fin d..." title="Article : JORDANIE" href="/encyclopedie/jordanie/">Jordanie</a> (1946-1951), né en 1882 à La Mecque, mort le 20 juillet 1951 à <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Jérusalem, dont l'État d' Israël a fait sa capitale, constitue autant un carrefour des religions qu'un terrain d'affrontement. Parmi ses visages multiples, il en est plusieurs qui peuvent éclipser le rôle spirituel que la ville a tenu et tient dans l'histoire : elle apparaît, d'abord, comme un des lieux majeurs de la tension politique qui secoue le Proche-Orient ; par ailleurs, pour d'i..." title="Article : JÉRUSALEM" href="/encyclopedie/jerusalem/">Jérusalem</a>.</p><p>Deuxième fils de ̣Husayn ibn ‘Alī, chérif de La Mecque et roi du Hedjaz, Abdallah fait ses études à <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Byzance, Constantinopolis, Konstantiniyye, Istanbul, les dénominations de la « Seconde Rome », principale agglomération de la Turquie actuelle (avec 12,9 millions d'habitants à la fin de 2009), ont changé au fil des siècles et varient encore selon les auteurs et les points de vue. Par-delà ces fluctuations onomastiques, une réalité demeure, celle d'un organisme urbain complexe rem..." title="Article : ISTANBUL" href="/encyclopedie/istanbul/">Istanbul</a>, alors capitale de l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Édifié lentement, au début du xiv e siècle, sur les ruines de l'État seldjoukide d' Anatolie , puis, au xv e siècle, sur celles de l' Empire byzantin, l'État ottoman, après la prise de Constantinople (29 mai 1453), est devenu l'une des puissances majeures de l'Europe et du Proche-Orient. Bien administré, doté d'une armée solide, il a constitué au xvi e siècle et pendant un..." title="Article : EMPIRE OTTOMAN" href="/encyclopedie/empire-ottoman/">Empire...</a></p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/acre-akka-saint-jean-d-acre/"> <span class="rg">ACRE </span><span class="rm">ou </span><span class="rg">AKKA, </span><span class="rm">anc. </span><span class="rg">SAINT-JEAN-D'ACRE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Robert MANTRAN</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">336 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Ville et port de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La Palestine, contrée aux limites mal définies et changeantes selon le cours de l'histoire, n'est que la partie méridionale de la région syro-palestinienne – qui constitue, elle-même, la corne occidentale du « Croissant fertile » –, voie de passage privilégiée entre l'Asie et l'Afrique, d'une part, et, d'autre part, façade de l'Asie sur la Méditerranée, fond asiatique du bass..." title="Article : PALESTINE" href="/encyclopedie/palestine/">Palestine</a>, qui apparaît dans l'Ancien Testament sous le nom de ‘Acco et au temps des Ptolémées d'Égypte sous celui de Ptolemaïs, époque où elle connut une certaine prospérité. Conquise par les Arabes en 636, elle fut reconstruite peu après et son port réaménagé à la fin du ...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/amalecites/"> <span class="rg">AMALÉCITES</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">André PAUL</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">176 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Confédération de tribus nomades dans le désert du Sinaï. On connaît les Amalécites par la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Les pionniers de l' archéologie proche-orientale, au xix e siècle, entendaient surtout confirmer sur le terrain les informations tirées de la Bible . À cette époque, en effet, la Bible était considérée pratiquement comme un document historique. Cependant, les théologiens protestants allemands avaient commencé à lui appliquer les principes de la méthode critique pratiquée par les..." title="Article : BIBLE - Bible et archéologie" href="/encyclopedie/bible-bible-et-archeologie/">Bible</a> comme ennemis permanents d'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Israël est un État jeune, créé en 1948 au sud-est de la Méditerranée orientale, dans un espace géographique de transition entre mer et désert. Le pays est la concrétisation d’un projet national, le sionisme, qui a rencontré d’emblée l’opposition politique de la population arabe, fortement majoritaire dans la région au début du xx e siècle. Après une naissance sous le sig..." title="Article : ISRAËL" href="/encyclopedie/israel/">Israël</a>. Les deux groupes entrèrent en conflit lors du séjour des Hébreux dans le nord du Sinaï, probablement pour le contrôle de l'oasis de Cadès (Exode, ...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/antigone-roi-des-juifs/"> <span class="rg">ANTIGONE </span><span class="rm">(mort en 37 av. J.-C.) roi des Juifs (40-37 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Marguerite JOUHET</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">439 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Fils d'Aristobule II, Antigone est le dernier roi asmonéen. Son règne est marqué par la lutte pour le pouvoir entre les Asmonéens et les Hérodiens d'Idumée.</p><p>À son arrivée en ~ 63 en <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Région de l'ancienne Palestine , entre la Samarie au nord et le Néguev au sud, la Judée fut dans l'Antiquité le cœur du pays juif. Elle se présente comme un plateau bombé, sillonné d'ondulations. Une lourde voûte anticlinale calcaire s'élève doucement ou par flexure au-dessus de la plaine côtière et des collines du Shefela, jusqu'à une altitude de 1 000 mètres, et retombe bruta..." title="Article : JUDÉE" href="/encyclopedie/judee/">Judée</a>, Pompée dépose le roi Aristobule II et l'emmène à Rome comme prisonnier où, libéré par...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-unstyled text-center mt-3"> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" title="Afficher la liste complète des références" rel="related" href="/index/palestine/"> Afficher les 82 références <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none article-indexes learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yN132331_INDEXES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Voir aussi</p> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet"> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ISLAM, histoire" href="/index/islam-histoire/"> <span class="rg">ISLAM, </span><em class="it">histoire</em> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : CANAAN" href="/index/canaan/"> <span class="rg">CANAAN</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : CÈNE, christianisme" href="/index/cene-christianisme/"> <span class="rg">CÈNE, </span><em class="it">christianisme</em> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : HÉRODE LE GRAND (73-4 av. J.-C.) roi des Juifs (37-4 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/herode-le-grand/"> <span class="rg">HÉRODE LE GRAND </span><span class="rm">(73-4 av. J.-C.) roi des Juifs (37-4 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : HELLÉNISME JUIF" href="/index/hellenisme-juif/"> <span class="rg">HELLÉNISME JUIF</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ALEXANDRE JANNÉE, roi de Judée (103-76 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/alexandre-jannee/"> <span class="rg">ALEXANDRE JANNÉE, </span><span class="rm">roi de Judée (103-76 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : SALOMON, roi d'Israël (env. 970-env. 931 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/salomon/"> <span class="rg">SALOMON, </span><span class="rm">roi d'Israël (env. 970-env. 931 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : SYRIEN ART" href="/index/art-syrien/"> <span class="rg">SYRIEN </span><span class="pc">ART</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ISRAÉLO-ARABE CONFLIT" href="/index/conflit-israelo-arabe/"> <span class="rg">ISRAÉLO-ARABE </span><span class="pc">CONFLIT</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : CHALCOLITHIQUE ou ENÉOLITHIQUE" href="/index/chalcolithique-eneolithique/"> <span class="rg">CHALCOLITHIQUE </span><span class="rm">ou </span><span class="rg">ENÉOLITHIQUE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : AMPHICTYONIE" href="/index/amphictyonie/"> <span class="rg">AMPHICTYONIE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ORIENT ANCIEN" href="/index/orient-ancien/"> <span class="rg">ORIENT ANCIEN</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : PEUPLES DE LA MER" href="/index/peuples-de-la-mer/"> <span class="rg">PEUPLES DE LA MER</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : SYRO-PALESTINE" href="/index/syro-palestine/"> <span class="rg">SYRO-PALESTINE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : TOUKOULTI-APIL-ESHARRA III ou TÉGLATH-PHALASAR III, roi d'Assyrie (746-727 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/toukoulti-apil-esharra-iii-teglath-phalasar-iii/"> <span class="rg">TOUKOULTI-APIL-ESHARRA III </span><span class="rm">ou </span><span class="rg">TÉGLATH-PHALASAR III, </span><span class="rm">roi d'Assyrie (746-727 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : CHOSROÈS II ou XOSRŌ ou XUSRŌ II (591-628)" href="/index/chosroes-ii-xosro-xusro-ii/"> <span class="rg">CHOSROÈS II </span><span class="rm">ou </span><span class="rg">XOSRŌ </span><span class="rm">ou </span><span class="rg">XUSRŌ II </span><span class="rm">(591-628)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : DÉPORTATIONS & TRANSFÈREMENTS DE POPULATIONS" href="/index/deportations-et-transferements-de-populations/"> <span class="rg">DÉPORTATIONS & TRANSFÈREMENTS DE POPULATIONS</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : SILO" href="/index/silo/"> <span class="rg">SILO</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ROBOAM, roi de Juda (env. 930-env. 913 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/roboam/"> <span class="rg">ROBOAM, </span><span class="rm">roi de Juda (env. 930-env. 913 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : OMRI, roi d'Israël (env. 885-env. 874 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/omri/"> <span class="rg">OMRI, </span><span class="rm">roi d'Israël (env. 885-env. 874 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : OZIAS ou AZARIAS, roi de Juda (781-740 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/ozias-azarias/"> <span class="rg">OZIAS </span><span class="rm">ou </span><span class="rg">AZARIAS, </span><span class="rm">roi de Juda (781-740 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : HÉRODE PHILIPPE (mort en 34) tétrarque juif (4 av. J.-C. - 34 apr. J.-C.)" href="/index/herode-philippe/"> <span class="rg">HÉRODE PHILIPPE </span><span class="rm">(mort en 34) tétrarque juif (4 av. J.-C. - 34 apr. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : NATOUFIEN" href="/index/natoufien/"> <span class="rg">NATOUFIEN</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : GHASSOULIEN" href="/index/ghassoulien/"> <span class="rg">GHASSOULIEN</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : JUDÉO-ROMAINE DEUXIÈME GUERRE (132-135)" href="/index/deuxieme-guerre-judeo-romaine/"> <span class="rg">JUDÉO-ROMAINE </span><span class="pc">DEUXIÈME GUERRE </span><span class="rm">(132-135)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : JÉROBOAM Ier (mort en 910 av. J.-C.) roi d'Israël (935 av. J.-C. ou 930 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/jeroboam-ier/"> <span class="rg">JÉROBOAM I<sup class="sup">er</sup> </span><span class="rm">(mort en 910 av. J.-C.) roi d'Israël (935 av. J.-C. ou 930 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : JÉHU, roi d'Israël (env. 885-env. 814 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/jehu/"> <span class="rg">JÉHU, </span><span class="rm">roi d'Israël (env. 885-env. 814 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : JÉROBOAM II, roi d'Israël (env. 783-env. 743 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/jeroboam-ii/"> <span class="rg">JÉROBOAM II, </span><span class="rm">roi d'Israël (env. 783-env. 743 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : EXIL (586-538 av. J.-C.), histoire des Hébreux" href="/index/exil-histoire-des-hebreux/"> <span class="rg">EXIL </span><span class="rm">(586-538 av. J.-C.), </span><em class="it">histoire des Hébreux</em> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : JUDÉO-ROMAINE PREMIÈRE GUERRE (66-70)" href="/index/premiere-guerre-judeo-romaine/"> <span class="rg">JUDÉO-ROMAINE </span><span class="pc">PREMIÈRE GUERRE </span><span class="rm">(66-70)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ACHAZ, roi de Juda (736-716 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/achaz/"> <span class="rg">ACHAZ, </span><span class="rm">roi de Juda (736-716 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ARCHÉLAÜS ou HÉRODE ARCHÉLAÜS (mort apr. 6) ethnarque de Judée, de Samarie et d'Idumée (4 av. J.-C. - 6 apr. J.-C.)" href="/index/archelaus-herode-archelaus/"> <span class="rg">ARCHÉLAÜS </span><span class="rm">ou </span><span class="rg">HÉRODE ARCHÉLAÜS </span><span class="rm">(mort apr. 6) ethnarque de Judée, de Samarie et d'Idumée (4 av. J.-C. - 6 apr. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : JAMNIA" href="/index/jamnia/"> <span class="rg">JAMNIA</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : AELIA CAPITOLINA" href="/index/aelia-capitolina/"> <span class="rg">AELIA CAPITOLINA</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ARISTOBULE II, roi de Judée (67-63 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/aristobule-ii/"> <span class="rg">ARISTOBULE II, </span><span class="rm">roi de Judée (67-63 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ASSIDÉENS" href="/index/assideens/"> <span class="rg">ASSIDÉENS</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ANTIOCHOS III LE GRAND (env. 242-187 av. J.-C.) roi séleucide (223-187 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/antiochos-iii-le-grand/"> <span class="rg">ANTIOCHOS III LE GRAND </span><span class="rm">(env. 242-187 av. J.-C.) roi séleucide (223-187 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ANTIOCHOS IV ÉPIPHANE (env. 215-164 av. J.-C.) roi séleucide (175-164 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/antiochos-iv-epiphane/"> <span class="rg">ANTIOCHOS IV ÉPIPHANE </span><span class="rm">(env. 215-164 av. J.-C.) roi séleucide (175-164 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ANTIPATER L'IDUMÉEN (mort en 43 av. J.-C.) gouverneur de l'Idumée (70 av. J.-C. env.)" href="/index/antipater-l-idumeen/"> <span class="rg">ANTIPATER L'IDUMÉEN </span><span class="rm">(mort en 43 av. J.-C.) gouverneur de l'Idumée (70 av. J.-C. env.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : HYRCAN Ier ou JEAN HYRCAN (mort en 104 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/hyrcan-ier-jean-hyrcan/"> <span class="rg">HYRCAN I<sup class="sup">er</sup> </span><span class="rm">ou </span><span class="rg">JEAN HYRCAN </span><span class="rm">(mort en 104 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ASMONÉENS ou HASMONÉENS" href="/index/asmoneens-hasmoneens/"> <span class="rg">ASMONÉENS </span><span class="rm">ou </span><span class="rg">HASMONÉENS</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ATHALIE, reine de Juda (842-836 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/athalie/"> <span class="rg">ATHALIE, </span><span class="rm">reine de Juda (842-836 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : CANANÉENNE CIVILISATION PRÉHÉBRAÏQUE" href="/index/civilisation-prehebraique-cananeenne/"> <span class="rg">CANANÉENNE </span><span class="pc">CIVILISATION PRÉHÉBRAÏQUE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : PERSÉCUTIONS RELIGIEUSES" href="/index/persecutions-religieuses/"> <span class="rg">PERSÉCUTIONS RELIGIEUSES</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : MANUSCRITS DE LA MER MORTE" href="/index/manuscrits-de-la-mer-morte/"> <span class="rg">MANUSCRITS DE LA MER MORTE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : PALESTINE IMMIGRATION JUIVE EN" href="/index/immigration-juive-en-palestine/"> <span class="rg">PALESTINE </span><span class="pc">IMMIGRATION JUIVE EN</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : AGENCE JUIVE" href="/index/agence-juive/"> <span class="rg">AGENCE JUIVE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : FAKHR AL-DĪN II, émir du Liban (1590-1633)" href="/index/fakhr-al-din-ii/"> <span class="rg">FAKHR AL-DĪN II, </span><span class="rm">émir du Liban (1590-1633)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : IBRĀHĪM (1789-1848) vice-roi d'Égypte (1848)" href="/index/ibrahim/"> <span class="rg">IBRĀHĪM </span><span class="rm">(1789-1848) vice-roi d'Égypte (1848)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : SYKES-PICOT ACCORD (1916)" href="/index/accord-sykes-picot/"> <span class="rg">SYKES-PICOT </span><span class="pc">ACCORD </span><span class="rm">(1916)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : LAGIDES ou PTOLÉMÉE LES" href="/index/lagides-ptolemee/"> <span class="rg">LAGIDES </span><span class="rm">ou </span><span class="rg">PTOLÉMÉE </span><span class="pc">LES</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ARAMÉEN, langue" href="/index/arameen-langue/"> <span class="rg">ARAMÉEN, </span><em class="it">langue</em> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : MOUSTÉRIEN" href="/index/mousterien/"> <span class="rg">MOUSTÉRIEN</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : DEIR YASSIN" href="/index/deir-yassin/"> <span class="rg">DEIR YASSIN</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ÉGYPTE, histoire : l'Antiquité" href="/index/egypte-histoire-l-antiquite/"> <span class="rg">ÉGYPTE, </span><em class="it">histoire : l'Antiquité</em> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : PERSE, histoire : Antiquité" href="/index/perse-histoire-antiquite/"> <span class="rg">PERSE, </span><em class="it">histoire : Antiquité</em> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : BRITANNIQUE EMPIRE, Moyen-Orient" href="/index/empire-britannique-moyen-orient/"> <span class="rg">BRITANNIQUE </span><span class="pc">EMPIRE, </span><em class="it">Moyen-Orient</em> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : PROCHE-ORIENT" href="/index/proche-orient/"> <span class="rg">PROCHE-ORIENT</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : AKKADIEN ou ACCADIEN, langue" href="/index/akkadien-accadien/"> <span class="rg">AKKADIEN </span><span class="rm">ou </span><span class="rg">ACCADIEN, </span><em class="it">langue</em> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : HÉBREUX HISTOIRE DES" href="/index/histoire-des-hebreux/"> <span class="rg">HÉBREUX </span><span class="pc">HISTOIRE DES</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : HYRCAN II (110-30 av. J.-C.) grand prêtre et ethnarque des Juifs" href="/index/hyrcan-ii/"> <span class="rg">HYRCAN II </span><span class="rm">(110-30 av. J.-C.) grand prêtre et ethnarque des Juifs</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : JUIF HISTOIRE DU PEUPLE" href="/index/histoire-du-peuple-juif/"> <span class="rg">JUIF </span><span class="pc">HISTOIRE DU PEUPLE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ARCHÉOLOGIE BIBLIQUE" href="/index/archeologie-biblique/"> <span class="rg">ARCHÉOLOGIE BIBLIQUE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ROME, des origines à la République" href="/index/rome-des-origines-a-la-republique/"> <span class="rg">ROME, </span><em class="it">des origines à la République</em> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ROME, l'Empire romain" href="/index/rome-l-empire-romain/"> <span class="rg">ROME, </span><em class="it">l'Empire romain</em> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : BÂLE Ier CONGRÈS DE (1897)" href="/index/ier-congres-de-bale/"> <span class="rg">BÂLE </span><span class="pc">I<sup class="sup">er</sup> CONGRÈS DE </span><span class="rm">(1897)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : MANASSÉ, roi de Juda (687-642 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/manasse/"> <span class="rg">MANASSÉ, </span><span class="rm">roi de Juda (687-642 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : MORIAH MONT" href="/index/mont-moriah/"> <span class="rg">MORIAH </span><span class="pc">MONT</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : BETHLÉEM" href="/index/bethleem/"> <span class="rg">BETHLÉEM</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ISRAËL ROYAUME D' (1020-730 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/royaume-d-israel/"> <span class="rg">ISRAËL </span><span class="pc">ROYAUME D' </span><span class="rm">(1020-730 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : JOIAQIM ou YOYAKIM roi de Juda (609-597 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/joiaqim-yoyakim/"> <span class="rg">JOIAQIM </span><span class="rm">ou </span><span class="rg">YOYAKIM </span><span class="rm">roi de Juda (609-597 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : SÉDÉCIAS, roi de Juda (597-587 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/sedecias/"> <span class="rg">SÉDÉCIAS, </span><span class="rm">roi de Juda (597-587 av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : TAUREAU SYMBOLISME DU" href="/index/symbolisme-du-taureau/"> <span class="rg">TAUREAU </span><span class="pc">SYMBOLISME DU</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : TRANSJORDANIE" href="/index/transjordanie/"> <span class="rg">TRANSJORDANIE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : JUDÉE ÉTAT DE (VIe-Ier s. av. J.-C.)" href="/index/judee-etat-de/"> <span class="rg">JUDÉE </span><span class="pc">ÉTAT DE </span><span class="rm">(</span><span class="pc">VI<sup class="sup">e</sup>-I<sup class="sup">er</sup> </span><span class="rm">s. av. J.-C.)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ANTIQUITÉ, architecture" href="/index/antiquite-architecture/"> <span class="rg">ANTIQUITÉ, </span><em class="it">architecture</em> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ANTIQUITÉ TARDIVE & HAUT MOYEN ÂGE, architecture" href="/index/antiquite-tardive-et-haut-moyen-age-architecture/"> <span class="rg">ANTIQUITÉ TARDIVE & HAUT MOYEN ÂGE, </span><em class="it">architecture</em> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ÉCRITS INTERTESTAMENTAIRES" href="/index/ecrits-intertestamentaires/"> <span class="rg">ÉCRITS INTERTESTAMENTAIRES</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : GALILÉE HOMME DE" href="/index/homme-de-galilee/"> <span class="rg">GALILÉE </span><span class="pc">HOMME DE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : CARMEL MONT" href="/index/mont-carmel/"> <span class="rg">CARMEL </span><span class="pc">MONT</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : JUDA ROYAUME DE (930-586 av. J.-C.)" href="/index/royaume-de-juda/"> <span class="rg">JUDA </span><span class="pc">ROYAUME DE </span><span class="rm">(930-586 av. 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