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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1980s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>2000s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>2010s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>2020s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_presidents/CEOs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_presidents/CEOs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of presidents/CEOs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_presidents/CEOs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Funding</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Funding-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Funding subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Funding_pre-2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funding_pre-2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Funding pre-2000</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funding_pre-2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funding_in_the_2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funding_in_the_2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Funding in the 2000s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funding_in_the_2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Underwriting_spots_versus_commercials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Underwriting_spots_versus_commercials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Underwriting spots versus commercials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Underwriting_spots_versus_commercials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Audience" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audience"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Audience</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Audience-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Audience subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Audience-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Trust</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ratings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ratings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Ratings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ratings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digital_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Digital media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Digital_media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Digital media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Digital_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-NPR_One" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NPR_One"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>NPR One</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NPR_One-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Programming</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Programming-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Programming subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Programs_produced_by_NPR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programs_produced_by_NPR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Programs produced by NPR</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programs_produced_by_NPR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-News_and_public_affairs_programs_(broadcast)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#News_and_public_affairs_programs_(broadcast)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>News and public affairs programs (broadcast)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-News_and_public_affairs_programs_(broadcast)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-News_and_public_affairs_programs_(podcasts)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#News_and_public_affairs_programs_(podcasts)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>News and public affairs programs (podcasts)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-News_and_public_affairs_programs_(podcasts)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storytelling_and_cultural_programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storytelling_and_cultural_programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>Storytelling and cultural programming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storytelling_and_cultural_programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.4</span> <span>Music programming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programs_distributed_by_NPR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programs_distributed_by_NPR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Programs distributed by NPR</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programs_distributed_by_NPR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-News_and_public_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#News_and_public_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>News and public affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-News_and_public_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storytelling_and_cultural_programming_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storytelling_and_cultural_programming_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.2</span> <span>Storytelling and cultural programming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storytelling_and_cultural_programming_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_programming_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_programming_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.3</span> <span>Music programming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_programming_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_public_radio_programs_not_affiliated_with_NPR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_public_radio_programs_not_affiliated_with_NPR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Notable public radio programs not affiliated with NPR</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_public_radio_programs_not_affiliated_with_NPR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-American_Public_Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_Public_Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.1</span> <span>American Public Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_Public_Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_Radio_Exchange" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_Radio_Exchange"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.2</span> <span>Public Radio Exchange</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_Radio_Exchange-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-WNYC_Studios" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#WNYC_Studios"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.3</span> <span>WNYC Studios</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-WNYC_Studios-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.4</span> <span>Independent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Allegations_of_ideological_bias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_of_ideological_bias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Allegations of ideological bias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations_of_ideological_bias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Live_from_Death_Row_commentaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Live_from_Death_Row_commentaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span><i>Live from Death Row</i> commentaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Live_from_Death_Row_commentaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Euphemisms_for_torture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Euphemisms_for_torture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Euphemisms for <i>torture</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Euphemisms_for_torture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Juan_Williams_comments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Juan_Williams_comments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Juan Williams comments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Juan_Williams_comments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ronald_Schiller_comments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ronald_Schiller_comments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Ronald Schiller comments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ronald_Schiller_comments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_4_reading_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_4_reading_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>July 4 reading of the Declaration of Independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_4_reading_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_harassment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_harassment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Sexual harassment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_harassment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twitter_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twitter_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.8</span> <span>Twitter controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twitter_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">NPR</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR" title="NPR – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="NPR" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9" title="الإذاعة الوطنية العامة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإذاعة الوطنية العامة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR" title="NPR – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="NPR" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR" title="NPR – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="NPR" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D8%B1" title="ان‌پی‌آر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ان‌پی‌آر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR" title="NPR – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="NPR" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR" title="NPR – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="NPR" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacia_Publika_Radio_(Usono)" title="Nacia Publika Radio (Usono) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nacia Publika Radio (Usono)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D8%B1" title="ان‌پی‌آر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ان‌پی‌آر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EC%85%94%EB%84%90_%ED%8D%BC%EB%B8%94%EB%A6%AD_%EB%9D%BC%EB%94%94%EC%98%A4" title="내셔널 퍼블릭 라디오 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="내셔널 퍼블릭 라디오" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR_(emittente_radiofonica)" title="NPR (emittente radiofonica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="NPR (emittente radiofonica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR" title="NPR – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="NPR" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR_(%E7%B1%B3%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AA%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81)" title="NPR (米国公共ラジオ放送) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="NPR (米国公共ラジオ放送)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR_National_Public_Radio" title="NPR National Public Radio – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="NPR National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" title="National Public Radio – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="National Public Radio" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B1" title="این پی آر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="این پی آر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0" title="全国公共广播电台 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="全国公共广播电台" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q671510#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Public_Radio&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American nonprofit media organization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/NPR_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="NPR (disambiguation)">NPR (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">National Public Radio</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Public_Radio_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/National_Public_Radio_logo.svg/220px-National_Public_Radio_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/National_Public_Radio_logo.svg/330px-National_Public_Radio_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/National_Public_Radio_logo.svg/440px-National_Public_Radio_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="167" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">Public radio network</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline;" class="country-name">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">First air date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">April 20, 1971<span class="noprint">;<br />53 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1971-04-20</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Availability</th><td class="infobox-data">Global</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">February 26, 1970<span class="noprint">;<br />54 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1970-02-26</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $342.3 million (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_Finances_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR_Finances-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">Revenue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $318.7 million (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_Finances_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR_Finances-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Negative increase"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $−4.45 million (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_Finances_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR_Finances-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1111 <a href="/wiki/North_Capitol_Street" title="North Capitol Street">North Capitol Street</a> NE, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culver_City,_California" title="Culver City, California">Culver City, California</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Broadcast area</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>United States</li><li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/American_Forces_Network" title="American Forces Network">American Forces Network</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Maher" title="Katherine Maher">Katherine Maher</a> (CEO)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former names</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Public_Radio_Stations" title="Association of Public Radio Stations">Association of Public Radio Stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Radio_Network" title="National Educational Radio Network">National Educational Radio Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Network_affiliate" title="Network affiliate">Affiliation(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/WRN_Broadcast" title="WRN Broadcast">WRN Broadcast</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official website</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://npr.org">npr<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>National Public Radio</b> (<b>NPR</b>, stylized as <b>npr</b>) is an American <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public broadcasting</a> organization headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, with its NPR West headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Culver_City,_California" title="Culver City, California">Culver City, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It serves as a national <a href="/wiki/Radio_syndication" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio syndication">syndicator</a> to a network of more than <a href="/wiki/List_of_NPR_stations" title="List of NPR stations">1,000 public radio stations</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Audience_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Audience-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It differs from other non-profit membership media organizations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>, in that it was established by an act of Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Funding for NPR comes from dues and fees paid by member stations, underwriting from corporate sponsors, and annual grants from the publicly funded <a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of its member stations are owned by <a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organizations">non-profit organizations</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Public_school_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Public school district">public school districts</a>, <a href="/wiki/College" title="College">colleges</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities">universities</a>. NPR operates independently of any government or corporation, and has full control of its content.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NPR produces and distributes both news and cultural programming. The organization's flagship shows are two <a href="/wiki/Drive_time" title="Drive time">drive-time</a> news broadcasts: <i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Edition" title="Morning Edition">Morning Edition</a></i> and the afternoon <i><a href="/wiki/All_Things_Considered" title="All Things Considered">All Things Considered</a></i>, both carried by most NPR member stations, and among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-listened-to_radio_programs" title="List of most-listened-to radio programs">most popular radio programs</a> in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-All_Things_Considered_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-All_Things_Considered-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morning_Edition_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morning_Edition-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of March 2018,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the drive-time programs attract an audience of 14.9 million and 14.7 million per week, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NPR manages the <a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_Satellite_System" title="Public Radio Satellite System">Public Radio Satellite System</a>, which distributes its programs and other programming from independent producers and networks such as <a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">American Public Media</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_Exchange" title="Public Radio Exchange">Public Radio Exchange</a>, and which also acts as a <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Alert_System#Primary_Entry_Point_stations" title="Emergency Alert System">primary entry point for the Emergency Alert System</a>. Its content is also available on-demand online, on mobile networks, and in many cases, as <a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">podcasts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several NPR stations also carry programs from British public broadcaster <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The organization's legal name is <i>National Public Radio</i> and its <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademarked</a> brand is <i>NPR</i>; it is known by both names.<sup id="cite_ref-Name_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Name-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2010, the organization announced that it was "making a conscious effort to consistently refer to ourselves as NPR on-air and online" because NPR is the common name for the organization and its radio hosts have used the tag line "This ... is NPR" for many years.<sup id="cite_ref-Name_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Name-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>National Public Radio</i> remains the legal name of the group, however, as it has been since 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-Name_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Name-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s">1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NPR_1970s_logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/NPR_1970s_logo.jpg/130px-NPR_1970s_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/NPR_1970s_logo.jpg/195px-NPR_1970s_logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e7/NPR_1970s_logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="226" data-file-height="136" /></a><figcaption>1970s logo</figcaption></figure> <p>NPR replaced the <a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Radio_Network" title="National Educational Radio Network">National Educational Radio Network</a> on February 26, 1970, following Congressional passage of the <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Act_of_1967" title="Public Broadcasting Act of 1967">Public Broadcasting Act of 1967</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JARVIK_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JARVIK-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This act was signed into law by <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>, and established the <a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</a>, which also created the <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)</a> for television in addition to NPR. A CPB organizing committee under John Witherspoon first created a board of directors chaired by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Mayes" title="Bernard Mayes">Bernard Mayes</a>. </p><p>The board then hired <a href="/wiki/Don_Quayle" title="Don Quayle">Donald Quayle</a> to be the first president of NPR with 30 employees and 90 charter member local stations, and studios in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NPR aired its first broadcast on April 20, 1971, covering <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> hearings on the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. The afternoon drive-time newscast <i><a href="/wiki/All_Things_Considered" title="All Things Considered">All Things Considered</a></i> premiered on May 3, 1971, first hosted by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Conley_(reporter)" title="Robert Conley (reporter)">Robert Conley</a>. NPR was primarily a production and distribution organization until 1977, when it merged with the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Public_Radio_Stations" title="Association of Public Radio Stations">Association of Public Radio Stations</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Edition" title="Morning Edition">Morning Edition</a></i> premiered on November 5, 1979, first hosted by <a href="/wiki/Bob_Edwards" title="Bob Edwards">Bob Edwards</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s">1980s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NPR suffered an almost fatal setback in 1983 when efforts to expand services created a deficit of nearly $7 million (equivalent to $19 million in 2022 dollars). After a Congressional investigation and the resignation of NPR's then-president <a href="/wiki/Frank_Mankiewicz" title="Frank Mankiewicz">Frank Mankiewicz</a>, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting agreed to lend the network money in order to stave off bankruptcy.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In exchange, NPR agreed to a new arrangement whereby the annual CPB stipend that it had previously received directly would be divided among local stations instead; in turn, those stations would support NPR productions on a subscription basis. NPR also agreed to turn its satellite service into a cooperative venture (the <a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_Satellite_System" title="Public Radio Satellite System">Public Radio Satellite System</a>), making it possible for non-NPR shows to get national distribution. It took NPR approximately three years to pay off the debt.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NPRLogoOld.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/NPRLogoOld.png/150px-NPRLogoOld.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/26/NPRLogoOld.png 1.5x" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="77" /></a><figcaption>1990s logo</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s">1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Delano_Lewis" title="Delano Lewis">Delano Lewis</a>, the president of <a href="/wiki/C%26P_Telephone" title="C&P Telephone">C&P Telephone</a>, left that position to become NPR's CEO and president in January 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-lewis1994_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lewis1994-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lewis resigned in August 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-lewis1994_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lewis1994-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-klose1998_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-klose1998-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1998, NPR's board of directors hired <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Klose" title="Kevin Klose">Kevin Klose</a>, the director of the <a href="/wiki/International_Broadcasting_Bureau" title="International Broadcasting Bureau">International Broadcasting Bureau</a>, as its president and chief executive officer.<sup id="cite_ref-klose1998_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-klose1998-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s">2000s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2000s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:33%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/September_11th_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11th attacks">September 11th attacks</a> made it apparent in a very urgent way that we need another facility that could keep NPR going if something devastating happens in Washington. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Jay Kernis, NPR's senior VP for programming<sup id="cite_ref-nprwest2002_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nprwest2002-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>NPR spent nearly $13 million to acquire and equip a <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a> 25,000-square-foot (2,300 m<sup>2</sup>) production facility, <b>NPR West</b>, which opened in <a href="/wiki/Culver_City,_California" title="Culver City, California">Culver City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles County, California</a>, in November 2002. With room for up to 90 employees, it was established to expand its production capabilities, improve its coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">western United States</a>, and create a backup production facility capable of keeping NPR on the air in the event of a catastrophe in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-nprwest2002_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nprwest2002-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2003, NPR received $235 million from the estate of the late <a href="/wiki/Joan_B._Kroc" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan B. Kroc">Joan B. Kroc</a>, the widow of <a href="/wiki/Ray_Kroc" title="Ray Kroc">Ray Kroc</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="McDonald's Corporation">McDonald's Corporation</a>. This was the largest monetary gift ever to a cultural institution.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, the Kroc gift increased NPR's budget by over 50% to $153 million. Of the money, $34 million was deposited in its <a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">endowment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The endowment fund before the gift totaled $35 million. NPR will use the interest from the bequest to expand its news staff and reduce some member stations' fees.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2005 budget was about $120 million. </p><p>In August 2005, NPR entered podcasting with a directory of over 170 programs created by NPR and member stations. Users downloaded NPR and other public radio podcasts 5 million times by November of that year. Ten years later, by March 2015, users downloaded podcasts produced only by NPR 94 million times,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and NPR podcasts like <i>Fresh Air</i> and the <i>TED Radio Hour</i> routinely made the <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a> Top Podcasts list.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ken_Stern" title="Ken Stern">Ken Stern</a> became chief executive in September 2006, reportedly as the "hand-picked successor" of CEO Kevin Klose, who gave up the job but remained as NPR's president; Stern had worked with Klose at <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Free Europe">Radio Free Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-washpost2008_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washpost2008-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 10, 2008, NPR announced that it would reduce its workforce by 7% and cancel the news programs <i><a href="/wiki/Day_to_Day" title="Day to Day">Day to Day</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/News_%26_Notes" title="News & Notes">News & Notes</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NPRTCSPla_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPRTCSPla-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization indicated this was in response to a rapid drop in corporate <a href="/wiki/Underwriting_spot" title="Underwriting spot">underwriting</a> in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Economic_crisis_of_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic crisis of 2008">economic crisis of 2008</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NPRTCSPla_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPRTCSPla-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the fall of 2008, NPR programming reached a record 27.5 million people weekly, according to Arbitron ratings figures. NPR stations reach 32.7 million listeners overall.<sup id="cite_ref-audiencefigures_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-audiencefigures-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2008, the NPR Board announced that Stern would be stepping down from his role as chief executive officer, following conflict with NPR's board of directors "over the direction of the organization", including issues NPR's member station managers had had with NPR's expansion into <a href="/wiki/New_media" title="New media">new media</a> "at the expense of serving" the stations that financially support NPR.<sup id="cite_ref-washpost2008_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washpost2008-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2009, corporate sponsorship comprised 26% of the NPR budget.<sup id="cite_ref-npr_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s">2010s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2010s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Public_Radio_headquarters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/National_Public_Radio_headquarters.jpg/170px-National_Public_Radio_headquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/National_Public_Radio_headquarters.jpg/255px-National_Public_Radio_headquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/National_Public_Radio_headquarters.jpg/340px-National_Public_Radio_headquarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2077" data-file-height="2847" /></a><figcaption>NPR's former headquarters at 635 <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Avenue_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Massachusetts Avenue (Washington, D.C.)">Massachusetts Avenue</a> NW in Washington, D.C. (demolished in 2013)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_capitol_%26_L_street_NE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/North_capitol_%26_L_street_NE.jpg/170px-North_capitol_%26_L_street_NE.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/North_capitol_%26_L_street_NE.jpg/255px-North_capitol_%26_L_street_NE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/North_capitol_%26_L_street_NE.jpg/340px-North_capitol_%26_L_street_NE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption>The new NPR headquarters at 1111 <a href="/wiki/North_Capitol_Street" title="North Capitol Street">North Capitol Street</a>, NE.</figcaption></figure> <p>In October 2010, NPR accepted a $1.8 million grant from the <a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Society Institute">Open Society Institute</a>. The grant is meant to begin a project called Impact of Government that was intended to add at least 100 journalists at NPR member radio stations in all 50 states by 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTSoros_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTSoros-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The OSI has made previous donations but does not take on-air credit for its gifts.<sup id="cite_ref-Chiu_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chiu-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2013, NPR moved from its home of 19 years (635 <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Avenue_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Massachusetts Avenue (Washington, D.C.)">Massachusetts Avenue</a> NW) to new offices and production facilities at 1111 North Capitol Street NE in a building adapted from the former <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Potomac_Telephone_Company_Warehouse_and_Repair_Facility" title="Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company Warehouse and Repair Facility">C&P Telephone Warehouse and Repair Facility</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new headquarters—at the corner of North Capitol Street NE and L Street NW—is in the burgeoning <a href="/wiki/NoMa" title="NoMa">NoMa</a> neighborhood of Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first show scheduled to be broadcast from the new studios was <i><a href="/wiki/Weekend_Edition" title="Weekend Edition">Weekend Edition Saturday</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Edition" title="Morning Edition">Morning Edition</a></i> was the last show to move to the new location.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2013 NPR canceled the weekday call-in show <i><a href="/wiki/Talk_of_the_Nation" title="Talk of the Nation">Talk of the Nation</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2013, certain of NPR's 840 full- and part-time employees were offered a <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_redundancy" title="Voluntary redundancy">voluntary buyout</a> plan to reduce staff by 10 percent and return NPR to a balanced budget by the 2015 <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2018, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> reported that between 20 and 22 percent of NPR staff was classified as <a href="/wiki/Temporary_work" title="Temporary work">temps</a>, while this compares to about five percent of a typical for-profit television station. Some of the temporary staff members told the newspaper the systems were "exploitative", but NPR's president of operations said the current system was in place because the station is a "media company that strives to be innovative and nimble."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2018, NPR launched a new podcast analytics technology called Remote Audio Data (RAD), which developer Stacey Goers described as a "method for sharing listening metrics from podcast applications straight back to publishers, with extreme care and respect for user privacy."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020s">2020s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2020s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late November 2022, CEO John Lansing told staffers in a memo that NPR needed to reduce spending by $10 million during the current fiscal year due to a drop in revenue from sponsors. The amount is approximately three percent of the organization's annual budget.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2023, Lansing announced in a memo that the network would be laying off approximately 10 percent of the workforce due to reduced advertising revenue. He said the annual operating budget is approximately $300 million, and the gap will likely be between $30 and $32 million.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2024, NPR's board named former <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Maher" title="Katherine Maher">Katherine Maher</a> its new CEO, effective late March.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NPR is a membership organization. Member stations are required to be <a href="/wiki/Non-commercial" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-commercial">non-commercial</a> or <a href="/wiki/Non-commercial_educational" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-commercial educational">non-commercial educational</a> radio stations; have at least five full-time professional employees; operate for at least 18 hours per day; and not be designed solely to further a <a href="/wiki/Religious_broadcasting" title="Religious broadcasting">religious broadcasting</a> philosophy or be used for classroom <a href="/wiki/Distance_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Distance learning">distance learning</a> programming. Each member station receives one vote at the annual NPR board meetings—exercised by its designated Authorized Station Representative ("A-Rep"). </p><p>To oversee the day-to-day operations and prepare its budget, members elect a board of directors. The board was previously composed of ten A-Reps, five members of the general public, and the chair of the NPR Foundation. On November 2, 2015, NPR Members approved a change in the NPR Bylaws to expand the board of directors to 23 directors, consisting of 12 Member Directors who are managers of NPR Member stations and are elected to the board by their fellow Member stations, 9 Public Directors who are prominent members of the public selected by the board and confirmed by NPR Member stations, the NPR Foundation Chair, and the NPR President & CEO.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_Board_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR_Board-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terms are for three years and are <a href="/wiki/Staggered_board_of_directors" class="mw-redirect" title="Staggered board of directors">staggered</a> such that some stand for election every year.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of January 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the board of directors of NPR included the following members:<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_Board_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR_Board-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>NPR member station managers</dt></dl> <ul><li>Jennifer Ferro, president, <a href="/wiki/KCRW" title="KCRW">KCRW</a> and chair of the NPR Board of Directors</li> <li>Stephen George, general manager, <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Public_Media" title="Louisville Public Media">Louisville Public Media</a></li> <li>Myrna Johnson, executive director, <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Public_Radio" title="Iowa Public Radio">Iowa Public Radio</a></li> <li>Margaret Low, CEO, <a href="/wiki/WBUR" class="mw-redirect" title="WBUR">WBUR</a></li> <li>R.C. McBride, general manager, <a href="/wiki/WGLT" title="WGLT">WGLT</a> and <a href="/wiki/WCBU" title="WCBU">WCBU</a></li> <li>Maria O'Mara, executive director, <a href="/wiki/KUER" class="mw-redirect" title="KUER">KUER</a></li> <li>Tina Pamintuan, CEO, <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis Public Radio">St. Louis Public Radio</a></li> <li>Elise Pepple, executive director, <a href="/wiki/Marfa_Public_Radio" title="Marfa Public Radio">Marfa Public Radio</a></li> <li>Erika Pulley-Hayes, general manager, <a href="/wiki/WAMU" title="WAMU">WAMU</a></li> <li>Mike Savage, director and general manager, <a href="/wiki/WEKU" title="WEKU">WEKU</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>President of NPR</dt></dl> <ul><li>John Lansing, president and CEO</li></ul> <dl><dt>Chair of the NPR Foundation</dt></dl> <ul><li>John McGinn</li></ul> <dl><dt>Public members of the board</dt></dl> <ul><li>Milena Alberti-Perez Financial, Media and Technology Executive</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Barzun" title="Matthew Barzun">Matthew Barzun</a>, Media Entrepreneur, Author</li> <li>Scott Donaton, Founder, Narrative Thread and former SVP of Marketing at <a href="/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a></li> <li>LeRoy Kim Managing Director, Allen & Company LLC</li> <li>Joanna Lambert, Head of Consumer, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a></li> <li>Catherine Levene, Executive, Entrepreneur, and Vice Chair, NPR Board of Directors</li> <li>Judith Segura, Lead Thermal Architect, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li>Howard Wollner, Senior Vice President, Retired, <a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a></li> <li>Neal Zuckerman, Managing Director and Senior Partner, Head of the Media Practice, BCG</li></ul> <p>The original purposes of NPR, as ratified by the board of directors, are the following: </p> <ul><li>Provide an identifiable daily product which is consistent and reflects the highest standards of broadcast journalism.</li> <li>Provide extended coverage of public events, issues and ideas, and to acquire and produce special public affairs programs.</li> <li>Acquire and produce cultural programs which can be scheduled individually by stations.</li> <li>Provide access to the intellectual and cultural resources of cities, universities and rural districts through a system of cooperative program development with member public radio stations.</li> <li>Develop and distribute programs for specific groups (<a href="/wiki/Adult_education" title="Adult education">adult education</a>, instruction, modular units for local productions) which may meet needs of individual regions or groups, but may not have general national relevance.</li> <li>Establish liaison with foreign broadcasters for a program exchange service.</li> <li>Produce materials specifically intended to develop the art and technical potential of radio<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>NPR Public Editor</dt></dl> <p>The Public Editor responds to significant listener queries, comments and criticisms. The position reports to the president and CEO John Lansing.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2020, <a href="/wiki/Kelly_McBride" title="Kelly McBride">Kelly McBride</a> became the Public Editor for NPR. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_presidents/CEOs"><span id="List_of_presidents.2FCEOs"></span>List of presidents/CEOs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: List of presidents/CEOs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quayle" title="Don Quayle">Donald Quayle</a> (1970–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Frischknecht" title="Lee Frischknecht">Lee Frischknecht</a> (1973–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Mankiewicz" title="Frank Mankiewicz">Frank Mankiewicz</a> (1977–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_J._Bennet" title="Douglas J. Bennet">Douglas J. Bennet</a> (1983–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delano_Lewis" title="Delano Lewis">Delano Lewis</a> (1993–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Klose" title="Kevin Klose">Kevin Klose</a> (1998–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Schiller" title="Vivian Schiller">Vivian Schiller</a> (2009–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Knell" title="Gary Knell">Gary Knell</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Haaga_Jr." title="Paul G. Haaga Jr.">Paul Haaga</a> (2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarl_Mohn" title="Jarl Mohn">Jarl Mohn</a> (2014–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lansing_(journalist)" title="John Lansing (journalist)">John F. Lansing</a> (2019–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Maher" title="Katherine Maher">Katherine Maher</a> (2024-present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funding">Funding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2020, NPR released a budget for FY21 anticipating revenue of $250 million, a slight decrease from the prior year due to impacts of COVID-19. The budget anticipated $240 million in operating expenses, plus additional debt service and capital costs that lead to a cash deficit of approximately $4 million. The budget included $25 million in budget cuts.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funding_pre-2000">Funding pre-2000</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Funding pre-2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1970s and early 1980s, the majority of NPR funding came from the federal government. Steps were taken during the Reagan administration in the 1980s to completely wean NPR from government support, but <a href="#History">the 1983 funding crisis</a> forced the network to make immediate changes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funding_in_the_2000s">Funding in the 2000s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Funding in the 2000s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">CPB</a>, in 2009 11.3% of the aggregate revenues of all public radio broadcasting stations were funded from federal sources, principally through CPB;<sup id="cite_ref-CPB2009_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPB2009-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2012 10.9% of the revenues for Public Radio came from federal sources.<sup id="cite_ref-CPB2012_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPB2012-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, NPR revenues totaled $180 million, with the bulk of revenues coming from programming fees, <a href="/wiki/Grant_(money)" title="Grant (money)">grants</a> from <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(charity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation (charity)">foundations</a> or business entities, contributions and <a href="/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)" title="Sponsor (commercial)">sponsorships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-npr_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 2009 financial statement, about 50% of NPR revenues come from the fees it charges member stations for programming and distribution charges.<sup id="cite_ref-npr_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, NPR member stations receive funds through on-air <a href="/wiki/Pledge_drive" title="Pledge drive">pledge drives</a>, corporate underwriting, state and local governments, educational institutions, and the federally funded <a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</a> (CPB). In 2009, member stations derived 6% of their revenue from federal, state and local government funding, 10% of their revenue from <a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">CPB</a> grants, and 14% of their revenue from universities.<sup id="cite_ref-npr_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPR_Responds_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR_Responds-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NPR receives a small number of competitive grants from CPB and federal agencies like the Department of Education and the Department of Commerce.<sup id="cite_ref-npr_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (April 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This funding amounts to less than 1% of revenues.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, NPR announced the roll-out of their own online <a href="/wiki/Advertising_network" title="Advertising network">advertising network</a>, which allows member stations to run geographically <a href="/wiki/Targeted_advertising" title="Targeted advertising">targeted advertisement</a> spots from national sponsors that may otherwise be unavailable to their local area, opening additional advertising-related revenue streams to the broadcaster.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Center Stage</i>, a mix of <a href="/wiki/Native_advertising" title="Native advertising">native advertising</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banner_ad" class="mw-redirect" title="Banner ad">banner ad</a> featured prominently on the NPR homepage, above-the-fold, was launched in 2013. The launch partner for <i>Center Stage</i> was <a href="/wiki/Squarespace" title="Squarespace">Squarespace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, NPR CEO Jarl Mohn said the network would begin to increase revenue by having brands NPR views as more relevant to the audience underwrite NPR programs and requesting higher rates from them.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the year ended September 30, 2018, total operating revenues were $235 million, increasing to almost $259 million by September 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, <a href="/wiki/Current_(newspaper)" title="Current (newspaper)"><i>Current</i></a> reported that NPR partnered with <a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a> to run targeted advertisements sold through the Spotify Audience Network platform within NPR programming, when NPR has empty slots available they otherwise were unable to sell to other advertisers directly.<sup id="cite_ref-megaphone_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-megaphone-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Underwriting_spots_versus_commercials">Underwriting spots versus commercials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Underwriting spots versus commercials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In contrast with <a href="/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">commercial broadcasting</a>, NPR's radio broadcasts do not carry traditional commercials, but has advertising in the form of brief statements from major sponsors which may include corporate <a href="/wiki/Advertising_slogan" title="Advertising slogan">slogans</a>, descriptions of products and services, and contact information such as website addresses and <a href="/wiki/Telephone_number" title="Telephone number">telephone numbers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These statements are called <a href="/wiki/Underwriting_spot" title="Underwriting spot">underwriting spots</a> and, unlike commercials, are governed by specific FCC restrictions in addition to <a href="/wiki/False_advertising" title="False advertising">truth in advertising</a> laws; they cannot advocate a product or "promote the goods and services" of for-profit entities.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These restrictions apply only to radio broadcasts and not NPR's other digital platforms. When questioned on the subject of how corporate underwriting revenues and foundation grants were holding up during the recession, in a speech broadcast on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> before the <a href="/wiki/National_Press_Club_(United_States)" title="National Press Club (United States)">National Press Club</a> on March 2, 2009, then president and CEO <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Schiller" title="Vivian Schiller">Vivian Schiller</a> stated: "underwriting is down, it's down for everybody; this is the area that is most down for us, in sponsorship, underwriting, advertising, call it whatever you want; just like it is for all of media."<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hosts of the NPR program <i><a href="/wiki/Planet_Money" title="Planet Money">Planet Money</a></i> stated the audience is indeed a product being sold to advertisers in the same way as commercial stations, saying: "they are not advertisers exactly but, they have a lot of the same characteristics; let's just say that."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Audience">Audience</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Audience"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to NPR's 2022 data, 30.7 million listeners tuned into its programs each week.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is down from its 2017 high of 37.7 million,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but still well above its total of 20.9 million in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to 2015 figures, 87% of the NPR terrestrial public radio audience and 67% of the NPR podcast audience is white.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 2012 <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> 2012 News Consumption Survey, NPR listeners tend to be highly educated, with 54% of regular listeners being college graduates and 21% having some college.<sup id="cite_ref-Pew_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NPR's audience is almost exactly average in terms of the sex of listeners (49% male, 51% female).<sup id="cite_ref-Pew_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NPR listeners have higher incomes than average (the 2012 Pew study showed that 43% earn over $75,000, 27% earn between $30,000 and $75,000). </p><p>A 2012 <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> survey found that the NPR audience leans <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> (17% <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>, 37% <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (United States)">independent</a>, 43% Democratic) and politically moderate (21% conservative, 39% moderate, 36% liberal).<sup id="cite_ref-Pew_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A late 2019 survey, also by Pew, found that NPR's audience overwhelmingly leaned Democratic. 87% of those surveyed identified as Democrats, or leaning Democratic, and 12% were Republicans.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trust">Trust</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Trust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/The_Harris_Poll" title="The Harris Poll">Harris</a> telephone survey conducted in 2005 found that NPR was the most trusted news source in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pew21_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pew21-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, Pew reported that, of adults who had heard of NPR, 55% of those polled trusted it; this was a similar level of listener trust as <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ratings">Ratings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NPR stations generally subscribe to the <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_ratings" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen ratings">Nielsen rating service</a>, but are not included in published ratings and rankings such as <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_%26_Records" title="Radio & Records">Radio & Records</a></i>. NPR station listenership is measured by Nielsen in both Diary and PPM (people meter) markets. NPR stations are frequently not included in "summary level" diary data used by most advertising agencies for media planning. Data on NPR listening can be accessed using "respondent level" diary data. Additionally, all radio stations (public and commercial) are treated equally within the PPM data sets making NPR station listenership data much more widely available to the media planning community. NPR's signature morning news program, <i>Morning Edition</i>, is the network's most popular program, drawing 14.63 million listeners a week, with its afternoon newsmagazine, <i>All Things Considered</i>, a close second, with 14.6 million listeners a week according to 2017 Nielsen ratings data.<sup id="cite_ref-Growth_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Growth-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arbitron data is also provided by <a href="/wiki/Radio_Research_Consortium" title="Radio Research Consortium">Radio Research Consortium</a>, a non-profit corporation which subscribes to the Arbitron service and distributes the data to NPR and other non-commercial stations and on its website.<sup id="cite_ref-sfcron_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfcron-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Digital_media">Digital media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Digital media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NPR's history in <a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">digital media</a> includes the work of an independent, for-profit company called <b>Public Interactive</b>, which was founded in 1999<sup id="cite_ref-PRINPR2008_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRINPR2008-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and acquired by <a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_International" title="Public Radio International">PRI</a> in June 2004, when it became a non-profit company.<sup id="cite_ref-nprDS2004_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nprDS2004-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By July 2008, Public Interactive had "170 subscribers who collectively operate 325 public radio and television stations" and clients such as <i><a href="/wiki/Car_Talk" title="Car Talk">Car Talk</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_(radio_program)" title="The World (radio program)">The World</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tavis_Smiley_Show" title="The Tavis Smiley Show">The Tavis Smiley Show</a></i>; by the end of that month, NPR acquired Public Interactive from PRI<sup id="cite_ref-PRINPR2008_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRINPR2008-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2011, NPR revealed a restructuring proposal in which Boston-based Public Interactive would become NPR Digital Services, separate from the Washington D.C.-based NPR Digital Media, which focuses on NPR-branded services.<sup id="cite_ref-NPRDigital2011_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPRDigital2011-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NPR Digital Services would continue offering its services to public TV stations.<sup id="cite_ref-NPRDigital2011_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPRDigital2011-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The technical backbone of its digital news publishing system is Core Publisher, which was built on <a href="/wiki/Drupal" title="Drupal">Drupal</a>, an open-source <a href="/wiki/Content_management_system" title="Content management system">content management system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NPRDigital2011_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPRDigital2011-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kinsey_Wilson_and_the_npr.org_crew_at_the_69th_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Kinsey_Wilson_and_the_npr.org_crew_at_the_69th_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg/220px-Kinsey_Wilson_and_the_npr.org_crew_at_the_69th_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Kinsey_Wilson_and_the_npr.org_crew_at_the_69th_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg/330px-Kinsey_Wilson_and_the_npr.org_crew_at_the_69th_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Kinsey_Wilson_and_the_npr.org_crew_at_the_69th_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg/440px-Kinsey_Wilson_and_the_npr.org_crew_at_the_69th_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3184" data-file-height="2120" /></a><figcaption>Kinsey Wilson and the npr.org crew at the 69th Annual Peabody Awards</figcaption></figure> <p>NPR has been dubbed as "leveraging the Twitter generation"<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because of its adaptation of the popular <a href="/wiki/Microblog" class="mw-redirect" title="Microblog">microblogging</a> service as one of its primary vehicles of information. Of NPR's Twitter followers, the majority (67%) also listen to NPR on the radio. In a survey of more than 10,000 respondents, NPR found that its <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> followers are younger, more connected to the <a href="/wiki/Social_web" title="Social web">social web</a>, and more likely to access content through digital platforms such as its <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody Award">Peabody Award</a>-winning website npr.org, as well as <a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">podcasts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile apps</a> and more.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_Twitter_Survey_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR_Twitter_Survey-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NPR has more than one Twitter account including @NPR;<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its survey found that most respondents followed between two and five NPR accounts, including topical account, show-specific accounts and on-air staff accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_Twitter_Survey_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR_Twitter_Survey-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, NPR's <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> page has been at the forefront of the company foray into social media. Started by college student and fan Geoff Campbell<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2008, the page was quickly taken over by the organization,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and over the last two years has grown to nearly 4 million fans and is a popular example of the company's new focus on a younger audience.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NPR also has a YouTube channel featuring regularly posted videos covering news and informational subjects. </p><p>In May 2018, a group led by NPR acquired the podcasting app <a href="/wiki/Pocket_Casts" title="Pocket Casts">Pocket Casts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 16, 2021, <a href="/wiki/Automattic" title="Automattic">Automattic</a> acquired Pocket Casts from NPR.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NPR_One">NPR One</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: NPR One"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NPR_One_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/NPR_One_logo.png/125px-NPR_One_logo.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/NPR_One_logo.png/188px-NPR_One_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/NPR_One_logo.png/250px-NPR_One_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>NPR One logo</figcaption></figure> <p>In July 2014, NPR launched NPR One, an app for <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> smartphones and other mobile devices, which aimed to make it easier for listeners to stream local NPR stations live, and listen to NPR podcasts by autoplaying content and permitting easy navigation.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since launch NPR has made the service available on additional channels: <a href="/wiki/Windows_mobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows mobile">Windows mobile</a> devices, web browsers, <a href="/wiki/Chromecast" title="Chromecast">Chromecast</a>, Apple Car Play, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Apple Watch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Android_Auto" title="Android Auto">Android Auto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Android_Wear" class="mw-redirect" title="Android Wear">Android Wear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Gear" title="Samsung Gear">Samsung Gear</a> S2 and S3, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire_TV" title="Amazon Fire TV">Amazon Fire TV</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Alexa" title="Amazon Alexa">Amazon Alexa</a>–enabled devices.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> listed NPR One as one of 2016's "best apps".<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programming">Programming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Programs_produced_by_NPR">Programs produced by NPR</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Programs produced by NPR"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of October 2024, the NPR programs still in production are as follows: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="News_and_public_affairs_programs_(broadcast)"><span id="News_and_public_affairs_programs_.28broadcast.29"></span>News and public affairs programs (broadcast)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: News and public affairs programs (broadcast)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NPR_News_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/NPR_News_logo.png" decoding="async" width="134" height="91" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="134" data-file-height="91" /></a><figcaption>NPR News logo</figcaption></figure> <p>NPR produces daily news programs that air live on member stations. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Edition" title="Morning Edition">Morning Edition</a></i>, a morning <a href="/wiki/News_magazine" title="News magazine">news magazine</a> hosted by <a href="/wiki/Leila_Fadel" title="Leila Fadel">Leila Fadel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Inskeep" title="Steve Inskeep">Steve Inskeep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Martin" title="Michel Martin">Michel Martin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/A_Mart%C3%ADnez_(broadcast_journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Martínez (broadcast journalist)">A Martínez</a>. <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Weekend_Edition" title="Weekend Edition">Weekend Edition</a></i>, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Scott_Simon" title="Scott Simon">Scott Simon</a> (Saturdays) and <a href="/wiki/Ayesha_Rascoe" title="Ayesha Rascoe">Ayesha Rascoe</a> (Sundays).</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Things_Considered" title="All Things Considered">All Things Considered</a></i>, an evening news magazine hosted by <a href="/wiki/Ailsa_Chang" title="Ailsa Chang">Ailsa Chang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Louise_Kelly" title="Mary Louise Kelly">Mary Louise Kelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ari_Shapiro" title="Ari Shapiro">Ari Shapiro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Juana_Summers" title="Juana Summers">Juana Summers</a>. <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Weekend_All_Things_Considered" class="mw-redirect" title="Weekend All Things Considered">Weekend All Things Considered</a></i>, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Scott_Detrow" title="Scott Detrow">Scott Detrow</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Here_and_Now_(Boston)" title="Here and Now (Boston)">Here and Now</a></i>, a midday news magazine hosted by <a href="/wiki/Deepa_Fernandes" title="Deepa Fernandes">Deepa Fernandes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Tong" title="Scott Tong">Scott Tong</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robin_Young" title="Robin Young">Robin Young</a> (co-produced with <a href="/wiki/WBUR-FM" title="WBUR-FM">WBUR</a>).</li> <li>NPR produces 5-minute hourly newscasts around the clock, airing at the top of every hour (and the bottom of the hour on weekday mornings and evenings).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="News_and_public_affairs_programs_(podcasts)"><span id="News_and_public_affairs_programs_.28podcasts.29"></span>News and public affairs programs (podcasts)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: News and public affairs programs (podcasts)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Up_First" title="Up First">Up First</a></i>, a morning news podcast hosted by <i>Morning Edition</i> and <i>Weekend Edition</i> hosts.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consider_This_(podcast)" title="Consider This (podcast)">Consider This</a></i>, an afternoon news podcast hosted by <i>All Things Considered</i> and <i>Weekend All Things Considered</i> hosts.</li> <li><i>NPR News Now</i>, the podcast feed for hourly newscasts.</li> <li><i>NPR Politics Podcast</i>, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Tamara_Keith" title="Tamara Keith">Tamara Keith</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asma_Khalid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asma Khalid (page does not exist)">Asma Khalid</a>.</li> <li><i>State of the World</i> (formerly <i>State of Ukraine</i>), a news podcast featuring international stories from NPR journalists on the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Storytelling_and_cultural_programming">Storytelling and cultural programming</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Storytelling and cultural programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alt.Latino" title="Alt.Latino">Alt.Latino</a></i>, a podcast on Latino arts and culture hosted by Felix Contreras and Anamaria Sayre.</li> <li><i>NPR's Book of the Day</i>, a literary podcast that features interviews with authors of all genres, hosted by Andrew Limbong.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_Switch" title="Code Switch">Code Switch</a></i>, a podcast about race and identity hosted by <a href="/wiki/Gene_Demby" title="Gene Demby">Gene Demby</a>, Lori Lizarraga, and B.A. Parker.</li> <li><i>Embedded</i>, an investigative podcast hosted by <a href="/wiki/Kelly_McEvers" title="Kelly McEvers">Kelly McEvers</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_I_Built_This" title="How I Built This">How I Built This</a></i>, a podcast on entrepreneurship hosted by <a href="/wiki/Guy_Raz" title="Guy Raz">Guy Raz</a>.</li> <li><i>It's Been a Minute</i>, a podcast on pop culture hosted by <a href="/wiki/Brittany_Luse" title="Brittany Luse">Brittany Luse</a>.</li> <li><i>Life Kit</i>, an advice podcast hosted by Marielle Segarra.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planet_Money" title="Planet Money">Planet Money</a></i>, a podcast on economics. <ul><li><i>The Indicator</i>, a daily podcast on economics from the people who make <i>Planet Money</i>.</li></ul></li> <li><i>Pop Culture Happy Hour</i>, a podcast on pop culture hosted by <a href="/wiki/Aisha_Harris" title="Aisha Harris">Aisha Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_Holmes_(writer)" title="Linda Holmes (writer)">Linda Holmes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Thompson_(journalist)" title="Stephen Thompson (journalist)">Stephen Thompson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glen_Weldon" title="Glen Weldon">Glen Weldon</a>.</li> <li><i>Short Wave,</i> a daily science podcast hosted by Emily Kwong and Regina Barber.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TED_Radio_Hour" title="TED Radio Hour">TED Radio Hour</a>,</i> hosted by <a href="/wiki/Manoush_Zomorodi" title="Manoush Zomorodi">Manoush Zomorodi</a> (co-produced with <a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TED</a>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Throughline" title="Throughline">Throughline</a></i>, a podcast on history hosted by Rund Abdelfatah and Ramtin Arablouei.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wait_Wait..._Don%27t_Tell_Me!" title="Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!">Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!</a></i>, a humorous news-based <a href="/wiki/Panel_show" title="Panel show">panel show</a> hosted by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sagal" title="Peter Sagal">Peter Sagal</a> (co-produced with <a href="/wiki/WBEZ" title="WBEZ">WBEZ</a>).</li> <li><i>Wild Card</i>, an interview podcast hosted by <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Martin" title="Rachel Martin">Rachel Martin</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Music_programming">Music programming</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Music programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Songs_Considered" title="All Songs Considered">All Songs Considered</a></i>, a music podcast.</li> <li><i>Jazz Night In America</i>, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Christian_McBride" title="Christian McBride">Christian McBride</a> (co-produced with <a href="/wiki/WBGO" title="WBGO">WBGO</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jazz_at_Lincoln_Center" title="Jazz at Lincoln Center">Jazz at Lincoln Center</a>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Desk_Concerts" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiny Desk Concerts">Tiny Desk Concerts</a></i>, video concert series broadcast on NPR official website<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and NPR Music <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> channel.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Programs_distributed_by_NPR">Programs distributed by NPR</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Programs distributed by NPR"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="News_and_public_affairs">News and public affairs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: News and public affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/1A_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="1A (radio)">1A</a></i>, public affairs roundtable program hosted by Jenn White (<a href="/wiki/WAMU" title="WAMU">WAMU</a>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fresh_Air" title="Fresh Air">Fresh Air</a></i>, interviews with cultural news-makers hosted by <a href="/wiki/Terry_Gross" title="Terry Gross">Terry Gross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tonya_Mosley" title="Tonya Mosley">Tonya Mosley</a> (<a href="/wiki/WHYY-FM" title="WHYY-FM">WHYY-FM</a>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Youth_Radio" title="Youth Radio">Youth Radio</a></i>, stories told by youth (self-produced).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Storytelling_and_cultural_programming_2">Storytelling and cultural programming</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Storytelling and cultural programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bullseye_with_Jesse_Thorn" title="Bullseye with Jesse Thorn">Bullseye with Jesse Thorn</a></i>, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Thorn" title="Jesse Thorn">Jesse Thorn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maximum_Fun" title="Maximum Fun">Maximum Fun</a>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Car_Talk" title="Car Talk">The Best of Car Talk</a></i>, humorous automotive advice hosted by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Magliozzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Magliozzi">Tom Magliozzi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ray_Magliozzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray Magliozzi">Ray Magliozzi</a> (WBUR; production ended September 2017, currently running as "best of"<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Engines_of_Our_Ingenuity" title="The Engines of Our Ingenuity">The Engines of Our Ingenuity</a>,</i> a daily radio series that tells the story of human invention and creativity in <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> minute essays (<a href="/wiki/KUHF" title="KUHF">Houston Public Radio</a>, sponsored by <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Ambulante" title="Radio Ambulante"><i>Radio Ambulante</i></a>, a Spanish-Language podcast which covers news in Latin America (self-produced).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/StoryCorps" title="StoryCorps">StoryCorps</a></i>, oral history recordings (self-produced).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Music_programming_2">Music programming</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Music programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/From_the_Top" title="From the Top">From the Top</a></i>, a program showcasing young classical musicians between the ages of 8–18 (self-produced).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Stage" title="Mountain Stage">Mountain Stage</a></i>, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Groce" title="Larry Groce">Larry Groce</a> (<a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Public_Broadcasting" title="West Virginia Public Broadcasting">West Virginia Public Broadcasting</a>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/World_Cafe_(radio_program)" title="World Cafe (radio program)">World Cafe</a></i>, a 2-hour music program featuring both recorded music and interviews and live in-studio performances, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Raina_Douris" title="Raina Douris">Raina Douris</a> (<a href="/wiki/WXPN" title="WXPN">WXPN</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_public_radio_programs_not_affiliated_with_NPR">Notable public radio programs not affiliated with NPR</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notable public radio programs not affiliated with NPR"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many programs broadcast on U.S. public radio stations are not affiliated with NPR. If these programs are distributed by another distributor, a public radio station must also affiliate with that network to take that network's programming. </p><p><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">American Public Media</a> (APM) and <a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_Exchange" title="Public Radio Exchange">Public Radio Exchange</a> (PRX; which also merged with <a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_International" title="Public Radio International">Public Radio International</a> in 2018) are other major public radio production and distribution organizations with distinct missions, and each competes with the other and NPR for programming slots on public radio stations. </p><p>Most public radio stations are NPR member stations and many are affiliate stations of APM and PRX at the same time. The organizations have different governance structures and missions and relationships with stations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="American_Public_Media">American Public Media</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: American Public Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">American Public Media</a></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a></i>, world news produced by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> often used to fill <a href="/wiki/Graveyard_slot" title="Graveyard slot">overnight hours</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Classical_24" title="Classical 24">Classical 24</a></i>, generally airs overnights on many non-commercial stations</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_(podcast)" title="The Daily (podcast)">The Daily</a></i>, daily podcast created by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> and hosted by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Barbaro" title="Michael Barbaro">Michael Barbaro</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marketplace_(radio_program)" title="Marketplace (radio program)">Marketplace</a></i>, program that focuses on business, the economy, and events that influence them</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Performance_Today" title="Performance Today">Performance Today</a></i>, most listened-to daily classical music radio program in the United States (formerly distributed by NPR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pipedreams" title="Pipedreams">Pipedreams</a></i>, radio music program focusing on organ music</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Splendid_Table" title="The Splendid Table">The Splendid Table</a></i>, weekly program about food</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_Radio_Exchange">Public Radio Exchange</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Public Radio Exchange"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_Exchange" title="Public Radio Exchange">Public Radio Exchange</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_International" title="Public Radio International">Public Radio International</a></div> <p>This list includes programs that were distributed by Public Radio International (PRI) prior to the merger with PRX. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Way_with_Words" title="A Way with Words">A Way with Words</a></i>, a show about language; distributed by <a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_Exchange" title="Public Radio Exchange">Public Radio Exchange</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_Satellite_System" title="Public Radio Satellite System">Public Radio Satellite System</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Echoes_(radio_program)" title="Echoes (radio program)">Echoes</a></i>, a daily program of ambient, new age, and electronic music hosted by <a href="/wiki/John_Diliberto" class="mw-redirect" title="John Diliberto">John Diliberto</a> (formerly distributed by PRI)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hearts_of_Space" title="Hearts of Space">Hearts of Space</a></i>, a weekly program of <a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">ambient</a>, <a href="/wiki/Space_music" title="Space music">space</a>, and contemplative music hosted by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hill_(broadcaster)" title="Stephen Hill (broadcaster)">Stephen Hill</a>, San Rafael, Calif.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Latino_USA" title="Latino USA">Latino USA</a></i>, Latino issues hosted by <a href="/wiki/Maria_Hinojosa" title="Maria Hinojosa">Maria Hinojosa</a> (Futuro Media Group; formerly distributed by NPR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Living_on_Earth" title="Living on Earth">Living on Earth</a></i>, environmental news program (formerly distributed by NPR and PRI)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophy_Talk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy Talk (page does not exist)">Philosophy Talk</a></i>, everyday topics examined through a philosophical lens, hosted by Stanford philosophy professors <a href="/wiki/John_Perry_(philosopher)" title="John Perry (philosopher)">John Perry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Allen_Taylor" title="Kenneth Allen Taylor">Ken Taylor</a>, produced by <a href="/wiki/Ben_Manilla" title="Ben Manilla">Ben Manilla</a> Productions (<a href="/wiki/KALW" title="KALW">KALW</a>)</li> <li><i>Planetary Radio</i>, <a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">space exploration</a> radio program hosted by <a href="/wiki/Mat_Kaplan" title="Mat Kaplan">Mat Kaplan</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Planetary_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetary Society">Planetary Society</a>, Pasadena, Calif.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reveal_(podcast)" title="Reveal (podcast)">Reveal</a></i>, a podcast of investigative journalism hosted by Al Letson (<a href="/wiki/The_Center_for_Investigative_Reporting" title="The Center for Investigative Reporting">Center for Investigative Reporting</a>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Selected_Shorts" title="Selected Shorts">Selected Shorts</a></i>, dramatic readings hosted by <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Sheffer" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaiah Sheffer">Isaiah Sheffer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symphony_Space" title="Symphony Space">Symphony Space</a>, (<a href="/wiki/WNYC" title="WNYC">WNYC</a>; formerly distributed by PRI)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/This_American_Life" title="This American Life">This American Life</a></i>, stories of real life hosted by <a href="/wiki/Ira_Glass" title="Ira Glass">Ira Glass</a>, distributed by <a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_Exchange" title="Public Radio Exchange">Public Radio Exchange</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Takeaway" title="The Takeaway">The Takeaway</a></i>, a daily news program from WNYC (formerly distributed by PRI)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_World_(radio_program)" title="The World (radio program)">The World</a></i>, news magazine show with an emphasis on international news (formerly distributed by PRI)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="WNYC_Studios">WNYC Studios</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: WNYC Studios"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/WNYC_Studios" title="WNYC Studios">WNYC Studios</a></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Media" title="On the Media">On the Media</a></i>, covering journalism, technology, and First Amendment issues (formerly distributed by NPR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Science_Friday" title="Science Friday">Science Friday</a>,</i> science issues call-in hosted by <a href="/wiki/Ira_Flatow" title="Ira Flatow">Ira Flatow</a> and independently produced (formerly distributed by NPR)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Independent">Independent</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Independent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i>, the flagship news program of the <a href="/wiki/Pacifica_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacifica Radio">Pacifica Radio</a> network, provides a feed to NPR stations</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forum_(KQED)" title="Forum (KQED)">Forum</a></i>, call-in panel discussion program, wide-ranging national and local topics hosted by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Krasny_(talk_show_host)" title="Michael Krasny (talk show host)">Michael Krasny</a> (<a href="/wiki/KQED-FM" title="KQED-FM">KQED-FM</a>).</li> <li><i>Jazz from Lincoln Center</i>, <a href="/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a>, formerly hosted by <a href="/wiki/Ed_Bradley" title="Ed Bradley">Ed Bradley</a>, Murray Street Productions</li> <li><i>The Merrow Report</i>, education issues hosted by <a href="/wiki/John_Merrow" title="John Merrow">John Merrow</a>, Learning Matters Inc.</li> <li><i>The People's Pharmacy</i>, a call-in and interview program on personal health from <a href="/wiki/WUNC_(FM)" title="WUNC (FM)">WUNC</a> in Chapel Hill, N.C.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pulse_of_the_Planet" title="Pulse of the Planet">Pulse of the Planet</a></i>, a daily two-minute sound portrait of Planet Earth, hosted by Jim Metzner.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/StarDate_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="StarDate (radio)">StarDate</a></i>, short segments relating to science and astronomy from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/McDonald_Observatory" title="McDonald Observatory">McDonald Observatory</a> hosted by Billy Henry.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Baroque">Sunday Baroque</a></i>, baroque and early music hosted by Suzanne Bona (<a href="/wiki/WSHU-FM" title="WSHU-FM">WSHU-FM</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_radio_broadcasts" title="Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts">Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts</a></i>, regular series of full-length opera performances</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hearts_of_Space" title="Hearts of Space">Hearts of Space</a></i>, weekly program featuring music of a contemplative nature drawn largely from the <a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">ambient</a>, <a href="/wiki/New-age_music" title="New-age music">new-age</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic</a> genres, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hill_(broadcaster)" title="Stephen Hill (broadcaster)">Stephen Hill</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/NPR_controversies" title="NPR controversies">NPR controversies</a></div> <p>Over the course of NPR's history, controversies have arisen over several incidents and topics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allegations_of_ideological_bias">Allegations of ideological bias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Allegations of ideological bias"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NPR has been accused of displaying both liberal bias – as alleged in work such as a <a href="/wiki/UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a> study of <i>Morning Edition</i> – and conservative bias, including criticism of alleged reliance on conservative <a href="/wiki/Think-tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Think-tank">think-tanks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OTM_Bias_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OTM_Bias-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public radio host <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Simeone" title="Lisa Simeone">Lisa Simeone</a>, who worked for NPR from 1998 to 2002, accused NPR's <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">Pentagon</a> reporting of being "little more than Pentagon press releases."<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NPR ombudsman has described how NPR's coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Israel-Palestinian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-Palestinian conflict">Israel-Palestinian conflict</a> has been simultaneously criticized as biased by both sides.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> University of Texas journalism professor and author <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Jensen" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert W. Jensen">Robert Jensen</a> has criticized NPR as taking a pro-war stance during coverage of <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Iraq_War" title="Protests against the Iraq War">Iraq war protests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 2020 election, NPR declined to cover the controversy surrounding a <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i> article on the <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden_laptop_controversy" title="Hunter Biden laptop controversy">Hunter Biden laptop controversy</a>, saying "We don't want to waste our time on stories that are not really stories, and we don't want to waste the listeners' and readers' time on stories that are just pure distractions ..."<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, veteran NPR journalist <a href="/wiki/Uri_Berliner" title="Uri Berliner">Uri Berliner</a> stated that NPR demonstrated a left-wing bias in its reporting after the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a>, citing NPR's approach to coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden_laptop_controversy" title="Hunter Biden laptop controversy">Hunter Biden laptop controversy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Mueller special counsel investigation">Mueller special counsel investigation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_COVID-19" class="mw-redirect" title="Origin of COVID-19">origin of COVID-19</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel-Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israel-Hamas war">2023 Israel-Hamas war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Berliner, NPR's management prioritized focus on race and identity politics, while NPR simultaneously lost viewpoint diversity.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NPR editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Edith_Chapin" title="Edith Chapin">Edith Chapin</a> claimed that NPR stood behind its work and defended its policies on inclusion.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NPR subsequently suspended Berliner for 5 days without pay, claiming that he did not secure NPR approval to work for another outlet.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berliner subsequently resigned, citing disparagement by CEO Katherine Maher and her divisive views.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Live_from_Death_Row_commentaries"><i>Live from Death Row</i> commentaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Live from Death Row commentaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1994, NPR arranged to air, on <i>All Things Considered</i>, a series of three-minute commentaries by <a href="/wiki/Mumia_Abu-Jamal" title="Mumia Abu-Jamal">Mumia Abu-Jamal</a>, a journalist convicted of murdering <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Police_Department" title="Philadelphia Police Department">Philadelphia Police</a> officer Daniel Faulkner. They cancelled the commentaries after the <a href="/wiki/Fraternal_Order_of_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraternal Order of Police">Fraternal Order of Police</a> and members of the U.S. Congress objected.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPoAbul-Jamal_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPoAbul-Jamal-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Euphemisms_for_torture">Euphemisms for <i>torture</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Euphemisms for torture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a controversial act, NPR banned in 2009 the use of the word <i>torture</i> in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">Bush administration's use of torture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NPR's Ombudswoman <a href="/wiki/Alicia_Shepard" title="Alicia Shepard">Alicia Shepard</a>'s defense of the policy was that "calling <a href="/wiki/Waterboarding" title="Waterboarding">waterboarding</a> torture is tantamount to taking sides."<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/UC_Berkeley_School_of_Information" title="UC Berkeley School of Information">Berkeley</a> Professor of Linguistics <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Nunberg" title="Geoffrey Nunberg">Geoffrey Nunberg</a> pointed out that virtually all media around the world, other than what he called the "spineless U.S. media", call these techniques torture.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an article which criticized NPR and other U.S. media for their use of euphemisms for torture, <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Greenwald" title="Glenn Greenwald">Glenn Greenwald</a> discussed what he called the enabling "corruption of American journalism":<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>This active media complicity in concealing that our Government created a systematic torture regime, by refusing ever to say so, is one of the principal reasons it was allowed to happen for so long. The steadfast, ongoing refusal of our leading media institutions to refer to what the Bush administration did as "torture" – even in the face of more than 100 detainee deaths; the use of that term by a leading Bush official to describe what was done at Guantanamo; and the fact that media outlets frequently use the word "torture" to describe exactly the same methods when used by other countries – reveals much about how the modern journalist thinks.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Juan_Williams_comments">Juan Williams comments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Juan Williams comments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 20, 2010, NPR terminated Senior News Analyst <a href="/wiki/Juan_Williams" title="Juan Williams">Juan Williams</a>'s independent contract<sup id="cite_ref-WilliamsIndep_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WilliamsIndep-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over a series of incidents culminating in remarks he made on the <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Channel">Fox News Channel</a> regarding Muslim head coverings and not feeling comfortable around women wearing them. Williams's firing, which was made abruptly without Williams being given a face-to-face meeting beforehand, was reported by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> as being a key part of <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Weiss" title="Ellen Weiss">Ellen Weiss</a>, NPR's top news executive at the time, being given an ultimatum on January 4, 2011, to either resign or be fired. On January 6, 2011, NPR announced that Weiss had quit.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ronald_Schiller_comments">Ronald Schiller comments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Ronald Schiller comments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2011, conservative political activist and provocateur <a href="/wiki/James_O%27Keefe" title="James O'Keefe">James O'Keefe</a> sent partners Simon Templar (a <a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">pen name</a>) and Shaughn Adeleye<sup id="cite_ref-nprexec_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nprexec-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to secretly record their discussion with Ronald Schiller, NPR's outgoing senior vice president for <a href="/wiki/Fundraising" title="Fundraising">fundraising</a>, and an associate, in which Schiller made remarks viewed as disparaging of "the current Republican party, especially the <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party</a>", and controversial comments regarding Palestine and funding for NPR. NPR disavowed Schiller's comments. CEO Vivian Schiller, who is not related to Ronald, later resigned over the fallout from the comments and the previous firing of Juan Williams.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_4_reading_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence">July 4 reading of the Declaration of Independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: July 4 reading of the Declaration of Independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1988 to 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-BreaksDeclTrad_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BreaksDeclTrad-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BreaksDeclTrad2_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BreaksDeclTrad2-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NPR broadcast an annual reading of the 1776 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a> over the radio.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, it began using <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> as a medium for reading the document as well. On July 4, 2017, the 100+ tweets were met with considerable opposition, some online supporters of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> mistakenly believing the words of the Declaration referring to <a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">George III of the United Kingdom</a> to be directed towards the president. The tweets were called "trash"<sup id="cite_ref-kc_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kc-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were accused of being "propaganda",<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> condoning violence<sup id="cite_ref-kc_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kc-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and calling for revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The July 4, 2022 annual tradition was not held. Instead, referencing the recent <a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization"><i>Dobbs</i> decision</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voting_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting rights">voting rights</a>, host <a href="/wiki/Steve_Inskeep" title="Steve Inskeep">Steve Innskeep</a> held a discussion on "what equality means" with two historians, contrasting Thomas Jefferson's use of "<a href="/wiki/All_men_are_created_equal" title="All men are created equal">All men are created equal</a>" in the Declaration with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_and_slavery" title="Thomas Jefferson and slavery">his participation in slavery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BreaksDeclTrad_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BreaksDeclTrad-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BreaksDeclTrad2_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BreaksDeclTrad2-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_harassment">Sexual harassment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Sexual harassment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2017, sexual harassment charges were leveled against <a href="/wiki/Michael_Oreskes" title="Michael Oreskes">Michael Oreskes</a>, senior vice president of news and editorial director since 2015. Some of the accusations dated back to when he was Washington, D.C. bureau chief for <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> during the 1990s, while others involved his conduct at NPR,<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where eight women filed sexual harassment complaints against Oreskes.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a report on the <i>Times</i> accusations was published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>, NPR put Oreskes on administrative leave, and the following day his resignation was requested.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-washingtonpost1_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost1-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CNN's <a href="/wiki/Brian_Stelter" title="Brian Stelter">Brian Stelter</a> reported that NPR staffers were dissatisfied with the handling of Oreskes, were demanding an external investigation, and that Oreskes poisoned the newsroom atmosphere by abusing his position to meet young women.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oreskes resigned at the request of CEO <a href="/wiki/Jarl_Mohn" title="Jarl Mohn">Jarl Mohn</a>, was denied severance and separation benefits, and reimbursed NPR $1,800 in expense account charges related to his meetings with women.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twitter_controversy">Twitter controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Twitter controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a>'s acquisition of American social media platform <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, NPR's main Twitter account was designated as "US state-affiliated media" there in April 2023, a label that was typically reserved for foreign media outlets that directly represented the point of view of their respective governments, like Russia's <a href="/wiki/RT_(TV_network)" title="RT (TV network)">RT</a> and China's <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twitter's designation was widely considered controversial as NPR is an independent news organization that receives a small minority of its funding through government programs. Twitter's previous policy had explicitly mentioned NPR, as well as the United Kingdom's <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, as examples of networks that were not considered as state-affiliated due to their editorial independence.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NPR ceased activity on its main Twitter account in response to the designation.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 8, 2023, Twitter changed the designation of NPR's account from "state-affiliated" to "government-funded".<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 10, after managing to get in contact with Musk himself, NPR reporter Bobby Allyn wrote in a tweet that the platform's owner told him he was relying on a list accessible through a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> category page, named "<a href="/wiki/Category:Publicly_funded_broadcasters" title="Category:Publicly funded broadcasters">Category:Publicly funded broadcasters</a>", in order to determine which news organizations' accounts should be deemed as "government-funded media".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 12, NPR announced that its accounts would no longer be active on Twitter,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> citing the platform's "inaccurate and misleading" labeling of NPR as "government-funded media" despite the fact that it receives "less than 1 percent of its $300 million annual budget" from the <a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_130-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_132-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As their last post on the platform, the network shared links to their alternative newsletters, websites and social media profiles in a thread.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_132-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an email to the staff explaining the decision, CEO John Lansing allowed individual NPR journalists and staffers to choose for themselves whether to keep using Twitter, while noting that "it would be a disservice to the serious work you all do here to continue to share it on a platform that is associating the federal charter for public media with an abandoning of editorial independence or standards."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_130-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_133-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source:<sup id="cite_ref-folklib_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-folklib-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>The NPR Guide to Building a Classical CD Collection</i> by Ted Libbey (1994) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/156305051X" title="Special:BookSources/156305051X">156305051X</a></li> <li><i>The NPR Classical Music Companion: An Essential Guide for Enlightened Listening</i> by Miles Hoffman (1997) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0618619453" title="Special:BookSources/0618619453">0618619453</a></li> <li><i>The NPR Classical Music Companion: Terms and Concepts from A to Z</i> by Miles Hoffman (1997) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0395707420" title="Special:BookSources/0395707420">0395707420</a></li> <li><i>The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Classical Music</i> by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Smith_(journalist)" title="Tim Smith (journalist)">Tim Smith</a> (2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0399527958" title="Special:BookSources/0399527958">0399527958</a></li> <li><i>The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Jazz</i> by <a href="/wiki/Loren_Schoenberg" title="Loren Schoenberg">Loren Schoenberg</a> (2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/039952794X" title="Special:BookSources/039952794X">039952794X</a></li> <li><i>The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Opera</i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Berger_(author)" title="William Berger (author)">William Berger</a> (2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0399527435" title="Special:BookSources/0399527435">0399527435</a></li> <li><i>The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Popular Standards</i> by <a href="/wiki/Max_Morath" title="Max Morath">Max Morath</a> (2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0399527443" title="Special:BookSources/0399527443">0399527443</a></li> <li><i>The NPR Curious Listener's Guide To American Folk Music</i> by Kip Lornell (2004) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0399530339" title="Special:BookSources/0399530339">0399530339</a></li> <li><i>The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to World Music</i> by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Nickson" title="Chris Nickson">Chris Nickson</a> (2004) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0399530320" title="Special:BookSources/0399530320">0399530320</a></li> <li><i>The NPR Curious Listener's Guide To Blues</i> by <a href="/wiki/David_Evans_(musicologist)" title="David Evans (musicologist)">David Evans</a> (2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/039953072X" title="Special:BookSources/039953072X">039953072X</a></li> <li><i>The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Celtic Music</i> by <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Ritchie" title="Fiona Ritchie">Fiona Ritchie</a> (2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0399530711" title="Special:BookSources/0399530711">0399530711</a></li> <li><i>The NPR Listener's Encyclopedia of Classical Music</i> by Ted Libbey (2006) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0761120726" title="Special:BookSources/0761120726">0761120726</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NPR_personnel" title="List of NPR personnel">List of NPR personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NPR_stations" title="List of NPR stations">List of NPR stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR_Berlin" title="NPR Berlin">NPR Berlin</a>—before its closure, the only NPR affiliate operated by NPR itself</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sound_Reporting:_The_NPR_Guide_to_Audio_Journalism_and_Production" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound Reporting: The NPR Guide to Audio Journalism and Production">Sound Reporting: The NPR Guide to Audio Journalism and Production</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NPR_Finances-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPR_Finances_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPR_Finances_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPR_Finances_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.npr.org/documents/about/statements/fy2023/National%20Public%20Radio%20-%20Consolidated%20Financial%20Statements%20-%20S2322%20FINAL%20(S).pdf">"National Public Radio 2023 and 2022 Consolidated Financial Statements"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Public Radio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240508030116/https://media.npr.org/documents/about/statements/fy2023/National%20Public%20Radio%20-%20Consolidated%20Financial%20Statements%20-%20S2322%20FINAL%20(S).pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Public+Radio+2023+and+2022+Consolidated+Financial+Statements&rft.pub=National+Public+Radio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.npr.org%2Fdocuments%2Fabout%2Fstatements%2Ffy2023%2FNational%2520Public%2520Radio%2520-%2520Consolidated%2520Financial%2520Statements%2520-%2520S2322%2520FINAL%2520%28S%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuypers2012" class="citation news cs1">Kuypers, Melissa (November 14, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/npr-extra/2012/11/08/164679060/ten-years-in-tinsel-town-npr-west-celebrates-a-decade">"Ten Years in Tinsel Town: NPR West Celebrates a Decade"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208184039/https://www.npr.org/sections/npr-extra/2012/11/08/164679060/ten-years-in-tinsel-town-npr-west-celebrates-a-decade">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Ten+Years+in+Tinsel+Town%3A+NPR+West+Celebrates+a+Decade&rft.date=2012-11-14&rft.aulast=Kuypers&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fnpr-extra%2F2012%2F11%2F08%2F164679060%2Ften-years-in-tinsel-town-npr-west-celebrates-a-decade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Audience-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Audience_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalpublicmedia.com/npr/audience/">"Audience"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191105153236/https://www.nationalpublicmedia.com/npr/audience/">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Audience&rft.pub=NPR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnationalpublicmedia.com%2Fnpr%2Faudience%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cpb.org/aboutpb/act/">"Public Broadcasting Act of 1967"</a>. January 14, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210115639/https://www.cpb.org/aboutpb/act">Archived</a> from the original on December 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Broadcasting+Act+of+1967&rft.date=2015-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpb.org%2Faboutpb%2Fact%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/about-npr/178660742/public-radio-finances">"Public Radio Finances"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. June 20, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221229062131/https://www.npr.org/about-npr/178660742/public-radio-finances">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Public+Radio+Finances&rft.date=2013-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fabout-npr%2F178660742%2Fpublic-radio-finances&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsStambergAdamsYdstie2012" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Cokie; Stamberg, Susan; Adams, Noah; Ydstie, John; Montagne, Renée; Shapiro, Ari; Folkenflik, David, eds. (2012). <i>This Is NPR: The First Forty Years</i>. <a href="/wiki/Chronicle_Books" title="Chronicle Books">Chronicle Books</a>. p. 433. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781452120218" title="Special:BookSources/9781452120218"><bdi>9781452120218</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Is+NPR%3A+The+First+Forty+Years&rft.pages=433&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781452120218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-All_Things_Considered-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-All_Things_Considered_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalpublicmedia.com/npr/programs/all-things-considered/">"All Things Considered"</a>. National Public Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190612173218/https://www.nationalpublicmedia.com/npr/programs/all-things-considered/">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2016</span>. <q>Heard by 13.3 million people on 814 radio stations each week, All Things Considered is one of the most popular programs in America.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+Things+Considered&rft.pub=National+Public+Media&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnationalpublicmedia.com%2Fnpr%2Fprograms%2Fall-things-considered%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morning_Edition-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morning_Edition_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell2005" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell, Jack W. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KIwTKWj04wEC&pg=PA175"><i>Listener supported: the culture and history of public radio</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98352-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98352-9"><bdi>978-0-275-98352-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410062648/https://books.google.com/books?id=KIwTKWj04wEC&pg=PA175">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Conceived as "alternatives", <i>Morning Edition</i> and <i>All Things Considered</i> are the second and third most listened-to radio programs in the ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Listener+supported%3A+the+culture+and+history+of+public+radio&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-275-98352-9&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Jack+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKIwTKWj04wEC%26pg%3DPA175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/about-npr/597590072/npr-maintains-highest-ratings-ever">"NPR Maintains Highest Ratings Ever"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. March 28, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107001846/http://www.npr.org/about-npr/559791315/npr-stations-audience-grows-for-fifth-consecutive-national-ratings-period">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=NPR+Maintains+Highest+Ratings+Ever&rft.date=2018-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fabout-npr%2F597590072%2Fnpr-maintains-highest-ratings-ever&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/podcasts/">"Podcast Directory"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211014143435/https://www.npr.org/podcasts/">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Podcast+Directory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fpodcasts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Name-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Name_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Name_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Name_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis_Rehm2012" class="citation web cs1">Davis Rehm, Dana (July 12, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200827033605/https://www.npr.org/sections/inside/2010/07/12/128475395/npr-what-s-in-a-name">"NPR:What's In A Name?"</a>. NPR. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/inside/2010/07/12/128475395/npr-what-s-in-a-name">the original</a> on August 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NPR%3AWhat%27s+In+A+Name%3F&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2012-07-12&rft.aulast=Davis+Rehm&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Finside%2F2010%2F07%2F12%2F128475395%2Fnpr-what-s-in-a-name&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JARVIK-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JARVIK_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarvik1997" class="citation book cs1">Jarvik, Laurence Ariel (1997). <i>PBS, behind the screen</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/about/aboutnpr/history.html#history">the original</a> on February 22, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=NPR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fabout%2Faboutnpr%2Fhistory.html%23history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070903205828/http://www.current.org/pbpb/documents/GAOonNPR84.html">"GAO statement on NPR financial crisis, 1984"</a>. Public Broadcasting PolicyBase at <a href="/wiki/Current.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Current.org">Current.org</a>. 1984. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.current.org/pbpb/documents/GAOonNPR84.html">the original</a> on September 3, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GAO+statement+on+NPR+financial+crisis%2C+1984&rft.pub=Public+Broadcasting+PolicyBase+at+Current.org&rft.date=1984&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.current.org%2Fpbpb%2Fdocuments%2FGAOonNPR84.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070914013054/http://www.current.org/history/timeline/timeline-1980s.shtml#1986">"History of public broadcasting in the United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Current.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Current.org">Current.org</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.current.org/history/timeline/timeline-1980s.shtml#1986">the original</a> on September 14, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+public+broadcasting+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=Current.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.current.org%2Fhistory%2Ftimeline%2Ftimeline-1980s.shtml%231986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lewis1994-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lewis1994_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lewis1994_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/about/press/980403.del.html">"Delano Lewis Resigns"</a>. NPR. April 3, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308083047/http://www.npr.org/about/press/980403.del.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Delano+Lewis+Resigns&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=1998-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fabout%2Fpress%2F980403.del.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-klose1998-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-klose1998_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-klose1998_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/about/press/981111.klose.html">"NPR Announces New President and CEO"</a>. NPR. November 11, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090316214235/https://www.npr.org/about/press/981111.klose.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NPR+Announces+New+President+and+CEO&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=1998-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fabout%2Fpress%2F981111.klose.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nprwest2002-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nprwest2002_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nprwest2002_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107232455/https://www.npr.org/about/press/021016.nprwest.html">"NPR Establishes Major Production Center in California NPR West Opens November 2, Expanding Network's Presence and Reach"</a>. NPR. November 2, 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/about/press/021016.nprwest.html">the original</a> on January 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NPR+Establishes+Major+Production+Center+in+California+NPR+West+Opens+November+2%2C+Expanding+Network%27s+Presence+and+Reach&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2002-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fabout%2Fpress%2F021016.nprwest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg2003" class="citation news cs1">Steinberg, Jacques (November 7, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E04EFD81439F934A35752C1A9659C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all">"Billions and Billions Served, Hundreds of Millions Donated"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220155323/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E04EFD81439F934A35752C1A9659C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2008</span>. <q>National Public Radio announced yesterday that it had received a bequest worth at least $200 million from the widow of the longtime chairman of the McDonald's restaurant chain. The gift is the largest in the 33-year history of NPR, the nonprofit broadcasting corporation – and about twice the size of NPR's annual operating budget. It is considered among the largest ever pledged to an American cultural institution.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Billions+and+Billions+Served%2C+Hundreds+of+Millions+Donated&rft.date=2003-11-07&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9E04EFD81439F934A35752C1A9659C8B63%26sec%3D%26spon%3D%26pagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/about/press/031106.kroc.html">"NPR Receives a Record Bequest of More Than $200 Million"</a> (Press release). National Public Radio. November 6, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031202221832/https://www.npr.org/about/press/031106.kroc.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.current.org/npr/npr0409krocgift.shtml">the original</a> on March 22, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current.org&rft.atitle=Kroc+gift+lets+NPR+expand+news%2C+lower+fees&rft.date=2004-05-24&rft.aulast=Janssen&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.current.org%2Fnpr%2Fnpr0409krocgift.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders2015" class="citation news cs1">Sanders, Caitlin (August 31, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/npr-extra/2015/08/31/435603490/npr-podcasts-turn-10">"NPR Podcasts Turn 10!"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206023739/https://www.npr.org/sections/npr-extra/2015/08/31/435603490/npr-podcasts-turn-10/">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=NPR+Podcasts+Turn+10%21&rft.date=2015-08-31&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=Caitlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fnpr-extra%2F2015%2F08%2F31%2F435603490%2Fnpr-podcasts-turn-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itunescharts.net/us/charts/podcasts/">"US Podcasts"</a>. <i>iTunesCharts.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221204013108/http://www.itunescharts.net/us/charts/podcasts/">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iTunesCharts.net&rft.atitle=US+Podcasts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itunescharts.net%2Fus%2Fcharts%2Fpodcasts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-washpost2008-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-washpost2008_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-washpost2008_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarhi2008" class="citation news cs1">Farhi, Paul (March 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/06/AR2008030603473.html">"NPR Leader Out After Board Clash"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019105446/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/06/AR2008030603473.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=National+Public+Radio+to+cut+shows%2C+personnel&rft.date=2008-12-10&rft.aulast=Carney&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatimesblogs.latimes.com%2Fentertainmentnewsbuzz%2F2008%2F12%2Fnational-public.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-audiencefigures-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-audiencefigures_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/about/press/2009/032409.AudienceRecord.html">"NPR reaches new audience high"</a> (Press release). NPR. March 24, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126201558/http://www.npr.org/about/press/2009/032409.AudienceRecord.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NPR+reaches+new+audience+high&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2009-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fabout%2Fpress%2F2009%2F032409.AudienceRecord.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npr-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-npr_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-npr_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-npr_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-npr_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-npr_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319015536/http://www.npr.org/about/aboutnpr/publicradiofinances.html">"Public Radio Finances"</a>. NPR. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/about/aboutnpr/publicradiofinances.html">the original</a> on March 19, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Radio+Finances&rft.pub=NPR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fabout%2Faboutnpr%2Fpublicradiofinances.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTSoros-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTSoros_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628184600/http://archives.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1010/22/sitroom.02.html">"The Situation Room"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. October 22, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1010/22/sitroom.02.html">the original</a> on June 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=The+Situation+Room&rft.date=2010-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.cnn.com%2FTRANSCRIPTS%2F1010%2F22%2Fsitroom.02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chiu-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chiu_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChiu2011" class="citation web cs1">Chiu, Lisa (March 17, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150212041048/http://philanthropy.com/article/Secret-Tape-Explores/126802">"Secret Recording Explores Relationship Between Billionaire Soros and NPR"</a>. <i>philanthropy.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Chronicle_of_Philanthropy" title="The Chronicle of Philanthropy">The Chronicle of Philanthropy</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philanthropy.com/article/Secret-Tape-Explores/126802/">the original</a> on February 12, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=philanthropy.com&rft.atitle=Secret+Recording+Explores+Relationship+Between+Billionaire+Soros+and+NPR&rft.date=2011-03-17&rft.aulast=Chiu&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphilanthropy.com%2Farticle%2FSecret-Tape-Explores%2F126802%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/about/press/2013/020113.NewNPRHeadquarters.html">"New NPR Headquarters Nears Completion"</a> (Press release). NPR. February 1, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130427112807/http://www.npr.org/about/press/2013/020113.NewNPRHeadquarters.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+NPR+Headquarters+Nears+Completion&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2013-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fabout%2Fpress%2F2013%2F020113.NewNPRHeadquarters.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYates2013" class="citation news cs1">Yates, Clinton (June 5, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019105447/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/local/wp/2013/06/05/npr-moves-to-noma-d-c-s-simcity-of-gentrification/">"NPR Moves to NoMa, D.C.'s SimCity of Gentrification"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/local/wp/2013/06/05/npr-moves-to-noma-d-c-s-simcity-of-gentrification/">the original</a> on October 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=NPR+Moves+to+NoMa%2C+D.C.%27s+SimCity+of+Gentrification&rft.date=2013-06-05&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=Clinton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Flocal%2Fwp%2F2013%2F06%2F05%2Fnpr-moves-to-noma-d-c-s-simcity-of-gentrification%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon2013" class="citation web cs1">Simon, Scott (April 6, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2013/04/06/176419123/saying-goodbye-to-the-old-npr-headquarters">"Saying Goodbye to the Old NPR Headquarters"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Weekend_Edition" title="Weekend Edition">Weekend Edition</a></i>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221026132754/https://www.npr.org/2013/04/06/176419123/saying-goodbye-to-the-old-npr-headquarters">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weekend+Edition&rft.atitle=Saying+Goodbye+to+the+Old+NPR+Headquarters&rft.date=2013-04-06&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2013%2F04%2F06%2F176419123%2Fsaying-goodbye-to-the-old-npr-headquarters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/about/press/2013/042213.NPRMovesHQ.html">"NPR Moves to New Headquarters – Morning Edition Airs First Broadcast from New Building Today"</a> (Press release). NPR. April 22, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513142708/http://www.npr.org/about/press/2013/042213.NPRMovesHQ.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 13, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NPR+Moves+to+New+Headquarters+%E2%80%93+Morning+Edition+Airs+First+Broadcast+from+New+Building+Today&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2013-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fabout%2Fpress%2F2013%2F042213.NPRMovesHQ.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024163136/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=196242323">"A Fond Farewell to Talk of the Nation"</a>. <i>Tell Me More</i>. NPR. June 27, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=196242323">the original</a> on October 24, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tell+Me+More&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2013-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D196242323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observer.com/2013/09/npr-offers-buyouts-to-reduce-employee-count-by-10-percent/">"NPR to Offer Voluntary Buyouts in Bid to Balance Budget"</a>. <i>The Observer</i>. September 13, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221026082238/https://observer.com/2013/09/npr-offers-buyouts-to-reduce-employee-count-by-10-percent/">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=NPR+to+Offer+Voluntary+Buyouts+in+Bid+to+Balance+Budget&rft.date=2013-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fobserver.com%2F2013%2F09%2Fnpr-offers-buyouts-to-reduce-employee-count-by-10-percent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarhi2018" class="citation news cs1">Farhi, Paul (December 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/at-npr-an-army-of-temps-resents-a-workplace-full-of-anxiety-and-insecurity/2018/12/07/32e49632-f35b-11e8-80d0-f7e1948d55f4_story.html">"At NPR, an army of temps faces a workplace of anxiety and insecurity"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230218031738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/at-npr-an-army-of-temps-resents-a-workplace-full-of-anxiety-and-insecurity/2018/12/07/32e49632-f35b-11e8-80d0-f7e1948d55f4_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=At+NPR%2C+an+army+of+temps+faces+a+workplace+of+anxiety+and+insecurity&rft.date=2018-12-09&rft.aulast=Farhi&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Fat-npr-an-army-of-temps-resents-a-workplace-full-of-anxiety-and-insecurity%2F2018%2F12%2F07%2F32e49632-f35b-11e8-80d0-f7e1948d55f4_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoers2018" class="citation news cs1">Goers, Stacey (December 11, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/npr-extra/2018/12/11/675250553/remote-audio-data-is-here">"Remote Audio Data Is Here"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221221014726/http://www.npr.org/sections/npr-extra/2018/12/11/675250553/remote-audio-data-is-here">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Remote+Audio+Data+Is+Here&rft.date=2018-12-11&rft.aulast=Goers&rft.aufirst=Stacey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fnpr-extra%2F2018%2F12%2F11%2F675250553%2Fremote-audio-data-is-here&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolkenflik2022" class="citation news cs1">Folkenflik, David (November 30, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/11/30/1139888190/npr-budget-shortfall-20-million">"NPR to impose near-freeze on hiring but avoids layoffs as budget cuts loom"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202173439/https://www.npr.org/2022/11/30/1139888190/npr-budget-shortfall-20-million">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=NPR+to+impose+near-freeze+on+hiring+but+avoids+layoffs+as+budget+cuts+loom&rft.date=2022-11-30&rft.aulast=Folkenflik&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2022%2F11%2F30%2F1139888190%2Fnpr-budget-shortfall-20-million&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolkenflick2023" class="citation news cs1">Folkenflick, David (February 23, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/02/22/1158710498/npr-layoffs-2023">"With layoffs, NPR becomes latest media outlet to cut jobs"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230223144726/https://www.npr.org/2023/02/22/1158710498/npr-layoffs-2023">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=With+layoffs%2C+NPR+becomes+latest+media+outlet+to+cut+jobs&rft.date=2023-02-23&rft.aulast=Folkenflick&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F02%2F22%2F1158710498%2Fnpr-layoffs-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolkenflik2024" class="citation news cs1">Folkenflik, David (January 24, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2024/01/24/1226035539/npr-ceo-katherine-maher-wikimedia">"NPR names tech executive Katherine Maher to lead in turbulent era"</a>. <i>NPR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=current.org&rft.atitle=NPR%27s+%27Best+of+Car+Talk%27+will+end+in+September+2017&rft.date=2016-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcurrent.org%2F2016%2F07%2Fnprs-best-of-car-talk-will-end-in-september-2017%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OTM_Bias-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OTM_Bias_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wnyc.org/story/133120-does-public-radio-have-a-liberal-bias-the-finale/">"Does Public Radio Have A Liberal Bias? The Finale!"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Radio Transcript)</span>. <i>On The Media</i>. WNYC. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=On+The+Media&rft.atitle=Does+Public+Radio+Have+A+Liberal+Bias%3F+The+Finale%21&rft.date=2011-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wnyc.org%2Fstory%2F133120-does-public-radio-have-a-liberal-bias-the-finale%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRagusea2016" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Ragusea" title="Adam Ragusea">Ragusea, Adam</a> (March 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://current.org/2016/03/a-critic-sees-pro-government-bias-in-nprs-reporting/">"A critic sees "pro-government" bias in NPR's reporting, not a leftward lean"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Current_(newspaper)" title="Current (newspaper)">Current</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103134940/https://current.org/2016/03/a-critic-sees-pro-government-bias-in-nprs-reporting/">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Current&rft.atitle=A+critic+sees+%22pro-government%22+bias+in+NPR%27s+reporting%2C+not+a+leftward+lean&rft.date=2016-03-15&rft.aulast=Ragusea&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcurrent.org%2F2016%2F03%2Fa-critic-sees-pro-government-bias-in-nprs-reporting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150401064423/http://www.npr.org/blogs/ombudsman/2010/06/17/127895293/listeners-hear-same-israeli-palestinian-coverage-differently">"Listeners Hear Same Israeli-Palestinian Coverage Differently"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/blogs/ombudsman/2010/06/17/127895293/listeners-hear-same-israeli-palestinian-coverage-differently">the original</a> on April 1, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Listeners+Hear+Same+Israeli-Palestinian+Coverage+Differently&rft.pub=NPR+Ombudsman&rft.date=2010-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fblogs%2Fombudsman%2F2010%2F06%2F17%2F127895293%2Flisteners-hear-same-israeli-palestinian-coverage-differently&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJensen" class="citation web cs1">Jensen, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007171220/http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/%7Erjensen/freelance/attack52.htm">"Published Articles – 2003"</a>. University of Texas. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~rjensen/freelance/attack52.htm">the original</a> on October 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Published+Articles+%E2%80%93+2003&rft.pub=University+of+Texas&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Futs.cc.utexas.edu%2F~rjensen%2Ffreelance%2Fattack52.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116102854/http://view.nl.npr.org/?qs=22d4bf85a85c320fdbaf58ecc1ada89b69c273b668447c793870a4e78166bda1fdad86a87553c1aea814d8820cde92276959de8ba03daa8ee1175aa615825563a607dc9fb9496fd7b441d8f8f939ec63">"Responding to the New York Post"</a>. <i>NPR Public Editor</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://view.nl.npr.org/?qs=22d4bf85a85c320fdbaf58ecc1ada89b69c273b668447c793870a4e78166bda1fdad86a87553c1aea814d8820cde92276959de8ba03daa8ee1175aa615825563a607dc9fb9496fd7b441d8f8f939ec63">the original</a> on November 16, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR+Public+Editor&rft.atitle=Responding+to+the+New+York+Post&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fview.nl.npr.org%2F%3Fqs%3D22d4bf85a85c320fdbaf58ecc1ada89b69c273b668447c793870a4e78166bda1fdad86a87553c1aea814d8820cde92276959de8ba03daa8ee1175aa615825563a607dc9fb9496fd7b441d8f8f939ec63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/npr-news-politics-liberal-conservative-8qsshtrxs">"NPR accused of left-wing bias by its own top journalist"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. April 9, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=NPR+accused+of+left-wing+bias+by+its+own+top+journalist&rft.date=2024-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fnpr-news-politics-liberal-conservative-8qsshtrxs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/11/business/media/npr-criticism-liberal-bias.html">"NPR in Turmoil After It Is Accused of Liberal Bias"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. April 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=NPR+in+Turmoil+After+It+Is+Accused+of+Liberal+Bias&rft.date=2024-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F04%2F11%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fnpr-criticism-liberal-bias.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/us/news/2024/04/10/npr-us-radio-ignoring-stories-left-wing-diversity-push/">"NPR ignoring stories because of Left-wing diversity push, editor claims"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. April 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=NPR+ignoring+stories+because+of+Left-wing+diversity+push%2C+editor+claims&rft.date=2024-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fus%2Fnews%2F2024%2F04%2F10%2Fnpr-us-radio-ignoring-stories-left-wing-diversity-push%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/media/4584965-npr-editors-network-criticism-op-ed/">"Top NPR editors 'strongly disagree' with network veteran's take on quality of journalism"</a>. <i>The Hill</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/2009/07/02/npr_2/">the original</a> on April 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Salon.com&rft.atitle=The+still-growing+NPR+%27torture%27+controversy&rft.date=2009-07-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2009%2F07%2F02%2Fnpr_2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090704115001/http://www.onthemedia.org/transcripts/2009/06/26/02">"Torturous Wording"</a> (transcript). NPR. June 26, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onthemedia.org/transcripts/2009/06/26/02">the original</a> on July 4, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Torturous+Wording&rft.date=2009-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onthemedia.org%2Ftranscripts%2F2009%2F06%2F26%2F02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrison2009" class="citation web cs1">Morrison, Patt (June 26, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140308090458/http://www.scpr.org/programs/patt-morrison/2009/06/26/729/calling-a-spade-a-spade-use-of-the-word-torture/">"Calling a Spade a Spade: Use of the Word 'Torture'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KPCC_(radio_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="KPCC (radio station)">KPCC</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scpr.org/programs/patt-morrison/2009/06/26/729/calling-a-spade-a-spade-use-of-the-word-torture/">the original</a> on March 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Calling+a+Spade+a+Spade%3A+Use+of+the+Word+%27Torture%27&rft.pub=KPCC&rft.date=2009-06-26&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=Patt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scpr.org%2Fprograms%2Fpatt-morrison%2F2009%2F06%2F26%2F729%2Fcalling-a-spade-a-spade-use-of-the-word-torture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcQuaid2009" class="citation news cs1">McQuaid, John (May 13, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180724213632/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2009/may/12/torture-new-york-times-washington-post">"The semantics of torture"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2009/may/12/torture-new-york-times-washington-post">the original</a> on July 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+semantics+of+torture&rft.date=2009-05-13&rft.aulast=McQuaid&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2Fcifamerica%2F2009%2Fmay%2F12%2Ftorture-new-york-times-washington-post&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221122115414/https://www.salon.com/2009/06/06/nyt_5/">"The NYT's nice, new euphemism for torture"</a>. <i>Salon.com</i>. June 6, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/2009/06/06/nyt_5/">the original</a> on November 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salon.com&rft.atitle=The+NYT%27s+nice%2C+new+euphemism+for+torture&rft.date=2009-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2009%2F06%2F06%2Fnyt_5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WilliamsIndep-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WilliamsIndep_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanglin2010" class="citation news cs1">Stanglin, Doug (October 21, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2010/10/npr-news-dumps-analyst-juan-williams-over-comments-about-muslims-/1?csp=34news">"Update: NPR exec says Juan Williams crossed the line before"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160520153328/http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2010/10/npr-news-dumps-analyst-juan-williams-over-comments-about-muslims-/1?csp=34news">Archived</a> from the original on May 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Update%3A+NPR+exec+says+Juan+Williams+crossed+the+line+before&rft.date=2010-10-21&rft.aulast=Stanglin&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.usatoday.com%2Fcommunities%2Fondeadline%2Fpost%2F2010%2F10%2Fnpr-news-dumps-analyst-juan-williams-over-comments-about-muslims-%2F1%3Fcsp%3D34news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarhi2011" class="citation news cs1">Farhi, Paul (January 27, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/npr-probe-of-juan-williams-firing-questions-ellen-weisss-management-style/2011/01/27/AB5K63Q_story.html">"NPR probe of Juan Williams firing questions Ellen Weiss's management style"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=NPR+probe+of+Juan+Williams+firing+questions+Ellen+Weiss%27s+management+style&rft.date=2011-01-27&rft.aulast=Farhi&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Fnpr-probe-of-juan-williams-firing-questions-ellen-weisss-management-style%2F2011%2F01%2F27%2FAB5K63Q_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nprexec-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nprexec_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHagey2011" class="citation news cs1">Hagey, Keach (March 8, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/blogs/onmedia/0311/NPR_exec_tea_party_is_scary_racist.html?showall">"NPR exec: tea party is 'scary,' 'racist'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Politico (newspaper)">Politico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913193725/https://www.politico.com/blogs/onmedia/0311/NPR_exec_tea_party_is_scary_racist.html?showall">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NPR+exec%3A+tea+party+is+%27scary%2C%27+%27racist%27&rft.date=2011-03-08&rft.aulast=Hagey&rft.aufirst=Keach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fblogs%2Fonmedia%2F0311%2FNPR_exec_tea_party_is_scary_racist.html%3Fshowall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Memmott2011" class="citation news cs1">Mark Memmott (March 9, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2011/03/09/134388981/npr-ceo-vivian-schiller-resigns">"NPR CEO Vivian Schiller resigns"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110310062059/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2011/03/09/134388981/npr-ceo-vivian-schiller-resigns">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NPR+CEO+Vivian+Schiller+resigns&rft.date=2011-03-09&rft.au=Mark+Memmott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fblogs%2Fthetwo-way%2F2011%2F03%2F09%2F134388981%2Fnpr-ceo-vivian-schiller-resigns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BreaksDeclTrad-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BreaksDeclTrad_110-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BreaksDeclTrad_110-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuster2022" class="citation web cs1">Fuster, Jeremy (July 4, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thewrap.com/npr-morning-edition-steve-inskeep-july-4-reading/">"NPR Breaks 4th of July Tradition of Reading Declaration of Independence to Examine Its History"</a>. <i>TheWrap</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128100437/https://www.thewrap.com/npr-morning-edition-steve-inskeep-july-4-reading/">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheWrap&rft.atitle=NPR+Breaks+4th+of+July+Tradition+of+Reading+Declaration+of+Independence+to+Examine+Its+History&rft.date=2022-07-04&rft.aulast=Fuster&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thewrap.com%2Fnpr-morning-edition-steve-inskeep-july-4-reading%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BreaksDeclTrad2-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BreaksDeclTrad2_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BreaksDeclTrad2_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParks2022" class="citation web cs1">Parks, Kristine (July 4, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/media/4th-july-npr-scraps-declaration-reading-tradition-equality-discussion">"On 4th of July, NPR scraps Declaration reading tradition for 'equality' discussion"</a>. <i>Fox News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128100435/https://www.foxnews.com/media/4th-july-npr-scraps-declaration-reading-tradition-equality-discussion">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=On+4th+of+July%2C+NPR+scraps+Declaration+reading+tradition+for+%27equality%27+discussion&rft.date=2022-07-04&rft.aulast=Parks&rft.aufirst=Kristine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fmedia%2F4th-july-npr-scraps-declaration-reading-tradition-equality-discussion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2016/07/04/483757766/the-declaration-of-independence-240-years-later">"The Declaration Of Independence, 240 Years Later"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. July 4, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227220336/https://www.npr.org/2016/07/04/483757766/the-declaration-of-independence-240-years-later">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=The+Declaration+Of+Independence%2C+240+Years+Later&rft.date=2016-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2016%2F07%2F04%2F483757766%2Fthe-declaration-of-independence-240-years-later&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kc-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kc_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kc_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kansascity.com/news/nation-world/article159682299.html">"NPR tweets the Declaration of Independence, and people freak out about a 'revolution'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>kansascity</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705200351/http://www.kansascity.com/news/nation-world/article159682299.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=kansascity&rft.atitle=NPR+tweets+the+Declaration+of+Independence%2C+and+people+freak+out+about+a+%27revolution%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kansascity.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Farticle159682299.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/07/05/some-trump-supporters-thought-npr-tweeted-propaganda-it-was-the-declaration-of-independence/">"Some Trump supporters thought NPR tweeted 'propaganda.' It was the Declaration of Independence"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221217204416/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/07/05/some-trump-supporters-thought-npr-tweeted-propaganda-it-was-the-declaration-of-independence/">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Some+Trump+supporters+thought+NPR+tweeted+%27propaganda.%27+It+was+the+Declaration+of+Independence.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-fix%2Fwp%2F2017%2F07%2F05%2Fsome-trump-supporters-thought-npr-tweeted-propaganda-it-was-the-declaration-of-independence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/npr-tweets-declaration-of-independence-triggers-outrage">"NPR Tweets Declaration Of Independence, Triggers Outrage"</a>. <i>Talking Points Memo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205033936/https://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/npr-tweets-declaration-of-independence-triggers-outrage">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Talking+Points+Memo&rft.atitle=NPR+Tweets+Declaration+Of+Independence%2C+Triggers+Outrage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftalkingpointsmemo.com%2Flivewire%2Fnpr-tweets-declaration-of-independence-triggers-outrage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNancy_Coleman2017" class="citation web cs1">Nancy Coleman (July 5, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/07/05/us/npr-twitter-declaration-trnd/index.html">"No, NPR was not trying to start a revolution"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221215144215/https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/05/us/npr-twitter-declaration-trnd/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=No%2C+NPR+was+not+trying+to+start+a+revolution&rft.date=2017-07-05&rft.au=Nancy+Coleman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2017%2F07%2F05%2Fus%2Fnpr-twitter-declaration-trnd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarhi2017" class="citation news cs1">Farhi, Paul (October 31, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/nprs-top-editor-accused-of-sexual-harassment-by-two-women/2017/10/31/a2078bea-bdf7-11e7-959c-fe2b598d8c00_story.html">"NPR's top editor placed on leave after accusations of sexual harassment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171101010207/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/nprs-top-editor-accused-of-sexual-harassment-by-two-women/2017/10/31/a2078bea-bdf7-11e7-959c-fe2b598d8c00_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=NPR%27s+top+editor+placed+on+leave+after+accusations+of+sexual+harassment&rft.date=2017-10-31&rft.aulast=Farhi&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Fnprs-top-editor-accused-of-sexual-harassment-by-two-women%2F2017%2F10%2F31%2Fa2078bea-bdf7-11e7-959c-fe2b598d8c00_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarhi2017" class="citation news cs1">Farhi, Paul (November 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/two-new-accusers-emerge-at-npr-adding-to-growing-harassment-scandal/2017/11/03/06ec9fb6-c012-11e7-8444-a0d4f04b89eb_story.html">"NPR chief faces employee fury as harassment scandal expands"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230316215411/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/two-new-accusers-emerge-at-npr-adding-to-growing-harassment-scandal/2017/11/03/06ec9fb6-c012-11e7-8444-a0d4f04b89eb_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=NPR+chief+faces+employee+fury+as+harassment+scandal+expands&rft.date=2017-11-03&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Farhi&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Ftwo-new-accusers-emerge-at-npr-adding-to-growing-harassment-scandal%2F2017%2F11%2F03%2F06ec9fb6-c012-11e7-8444-a0d4f04b89eb_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolkenflik2017" class="citation news cs1">Folkenflik, David (October 31, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/31/561267272/nprs-head-of-news-placed-on-leave-after-past-harassment-allegations-surface">"NPR's Head Of News Placed On Leave After Past Harassment Allegations Surface"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NPR%27s+Head+Of+News+Placed+On+Leave+After+Past+Harassment+Allegations+Surface&rft.date=2017-10-31&rft.aulast=Folkenflik&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2017%2F10%2F31%2F561267272%2Fnprs-head-of-news-placed-on-leave-after-past-harassment-allegations-surface&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStelterSmith2017" class="citation news cs1">Stelter, Brian; Smith, Aaron (November 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2017/11/01/media/michael-oreskes-npr/index.html">"Top NPR editor resigns amid allegations of harassment"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209003850/https://money.cnn.com/2017/11/01/media/michael-oreskes-npr/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Top+NPR+editor+resigns+amid+allegations+of+harassment&rft.date=2017-11-01&rft.aulast=Stelter&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Smith%2C+Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2017%2F11%2F01%2Fmedia%2Fmichael-oreskes-npr%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-washingtonpost1-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-washingtonpost1_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarhi2017" class="citation news cs1">Farhi, Paul (November 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/top-newsroom-official-at-npr-resigns-amid-harassment-allegations/2017/11/01/d26d682c-bf1e-11e7-8444-a0d4f04b89eb_story.html">"Michael Oreskes, top NPR newsroom official, resigns amid harassment allegations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171101202130/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/top-newsroom-official-at-npr-resigns-amid-harassment-allegations/2017/11/01/d26d682c-bf1e-11e7-8444-a0d4f04b89eb_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Michael+Oreskes%2C+top+NPR+newsroom+official%2C+resigns+amid+harassment+allegations&rft.date=2017-11-01&rft.aulast=Farhi&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Ftop-newsroom-official-at-npr-resigns-amid-harassment-allegations%2F2017%2F11%2F01%2Fd26d682c-bf1e-11e7-8444-a0d4f04b89eb_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStelter2017" class="citation news cs1">Stelter, Brian (November 2, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2017/11/01/media/npr-michael-oreskes-resigns-fallout/index.html">"At NPR, Oreskes harassment scandal leaves deep wounds"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNNMoney" class="mw-redirect" title="CNNMoney">CNNMoney</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128113911/https://money.cnn.com/2017/11/01/media/npr-michael-oreskes-resigns-fallout/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=At+NPR%2C+Oreskes+harassment+scandal+leaves+deep+wounds&rft.date=2017-11-02&rft.aulast=Stelter&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2017%2F11%2F01%2Fmedia%2Fnpr-michael-oreskes-resigns-fallout%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolkenflik" class="citation news cs1">Folkenflik, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/20/587284377/report-detailing-harassment-at-npr-cites-high-level-of-distrust-of-management">"Report Detailing Harassment At NPR Cites 'High Level Of Distrust' Of Management"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221231165237/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/20/587284377/report-detailing-harassment-at-npr-cites-high-level-of-distrust-of-management">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Report+Detailing+Harassment+At+NPR+Cites+%27High+Level+Of+Distrust%27+Of+Management&rft.aulast=Folkenflik&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2018%2F02%2F20%2F587284377%2Freport-detailing-harassment-at-npr-cites-high-level-of-distrust-of-management&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarhi2017" class="citation news cs1">Farhi, Paul (November 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/top-newsroom-official-at-npr-resigns-amid-harassment-allegations/2017/11/01/d26d682c-bf1e-11e7-8444-a0d4f04b89eb_story.html">"NPR bosses knew about harassment allegations, but kept top editor on job"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171101202130/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/top-newsroom-official-at-npr-resigns-amid-harassment-allegations/2017/11/01/d26d682c-bf1e-11e7-8444-a0d4f04b89eb_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=NPR+bosses+knew+about+harassment+allegations%2C+but+kept+top+editor+on+job&rft.date=2017-11-01&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Farhi&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Ftop-newsroom-official-at-npr-resigns-amid-harassment-allegations%2F2017%2F11%2F01%2Fd26d682c-bf1e-11e7-8444-a0d4f04b89eb_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_125-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_125-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadden-Hall2023" class="citation web cs1">Ladden-Hall, Dan (April 5, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/npr-labeled-state-affiliated-media-on-twitter-as-musk-steps-up-press-feud">"NPR Labeled 'State-Affiliated Media' on Twitter as Musk Steps Up Press Feud"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">Daily Beast</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405114026/https://www.thedailybeast.com/npr-labeled-state-affiliated-media-on-twitter-as-musk-steps-up-press-feud">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=NPR+Labeled+%27State-Affiliated+Media%27+on+Twitter+as+Musk+Steps+Up+Press+Feud&rft.date=2023-04-05&rft.aulast=Ladden-Hall&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fnpr-labeled-state-affiliated-media-on-twitter-as-musk-steps-up-press-feud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_126-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_126-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovak2023" class="citation web cs1">Novak, Matt (April 5, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/mattnovak/2023/04/05/twitter-adds-state-affiliated-media-label-to-npr-account-putting-it-on-par-with-russia-today/?sh=4ba401c6635c">"Twitter Adds 'State-Affiliated Media' Label To NPR Account Putting It On Par With Russia Today"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406010257/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mattnovak/2023/04/05/twitter-adds-state-affiliated-media-label-to-npr-account-putting-it-on-par-with-russia-today/?sh=4ba401c6635c">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Twitter+Adds+%27State-Affiliated+Media%27+Label+To+NPR+Account+Putting+It+On+Par+With+Russia+Today&rft.date=2023-04-05&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fmattnovak%2F2023%2F04%2F05%2Ftwitter-adds-state-affiliated-media-label-to-npr-account-putting-it-on-par-with-russia-today%2F%3Fsh%3D4ba401c6635c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_127-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_127-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/twitter-labels-npr-as-u-s-state-affiliated-media-agency/">"Twitter labels NPR as "state-affiliated media"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. April 5, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405194837/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/twitter-labels-npr-as-u-s-state-affiliated-media-agency/">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Twitter+labels+NPR+as+%22state-affiliated+media%22&rft.date=2023-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Ftwitter-labels-npr-as-u-s-state-affiliated-media-agency%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScire" class="citation web cs1">Scire, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/2023/04/npr-says-it-wont-tweet-from-npr-until-twitter-removes-false-state-affiliated-label/">"NPR says it won't tweet from @NPR until Twitter removes false "state-affiliated" label"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nieman_Lab" class="mw-redirect" title="Nieman Lab">Nieman Lab</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408150539/https://www.niemanlab.org/2023/04/npr-says-it-wont-tweet-from-npr-until-twitter-removes-false-state-affiliated-label/">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nieman+Lab&rft.atitle=NPR+says+it+won%27t+tweet+from+%40NPR+until+Twitter+removes+false+%22state-affiliated%22+label&rft.aulast=Scire&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niemanlab.org%2F2023%2F04%2Fnpr-says-it-wont-tweet-from-npr-until-twitter-removes-false-state-affiliated-label%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/mattnovak/2023/04/08/twitter-changes-label-on-npr-account-from-state-affiliated-to-government-funded/?sh=858b17373529">"Twitter Changes Label On NPR Account From 'State-Affiliated' To 'Government Funded'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410062727/https://connatix-d.openx.net/v/1.0/av?auid=539844291&schain=1.0,1!connatix.com,679698455578581,1,,,,&url=www.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fmattnovak%2F2023%2F04%2F08%2Ftwitter-changes-label-on-npr-account-from-state-af&cb=6742c70b-03cb-4ba5-b3df-dfb0399a0147&vwd=526&vht=296&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent=undefined&us_privacy=">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Twitter+Changes+Label+On+NPR+Account+From+%27State-Affiliated%27+To+%27Government+Funded%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fmattnovak%2F2023%2F04%2F08%2Ftwitter-changes-label-on-npr-account-from-state-affiliated-to-government-funded%2F%3Fsh%3D858b17373529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_130-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_130-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_130-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_130-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolkenflik2023" class="citation web cs1">Folkenflik, David (April 12, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/04/12/1169269161/npr-leaves-twitter-government-funded-media-label">"NPR quits Twitter after being falsely labeled as 'state-affiliated media'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230422231851/https://www.npr.org/2023/04/12/1169269161/npr-leaves-twitter-government-funded-media-label">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=NPR+quits+Twitter+after+being+falsely+labeled+as+%27state-affiliated+media%27&rft.date=2023-04-12&rft.aulast=Folkenflik&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F04%2F12%2F1169269161%2Fnpr-leaves-twitter-government-funded-media-label&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2023" class="citation web cs1">Jackson, Sarah (April 11, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-twitter-using-wikipedia-to-decide-government-funded-media-2023-4">"Elon Musk says Twitter is using a Wikipedia list to help decide which news organizations are labeled 'government-funded media'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411190614/https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-twitter-using-wikipedia-to-decide-government-funded-media-2023-4">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+says+Twitter+is+using+a+Wikipedia+list+to+help+decide+which+news+organizations+are+labeled+%27government-funded+media%27&rft.date=2023-04-11&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Felon-musk-twitter-using-wikipedia-to-decide-government-funded-media-2023-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_132-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_132-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_132-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelleyRobertson2023" class="citation news cs1">Kelley, Lora; Robertson, Katie (April 12, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/12/business/npr-twitter-suspension.html">"NPR to Suspend Twitter Use After 'Government-Funded' Label"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412133912/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/12/business/npr-twitter-suspension.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=NPR+to+Suspend+Twitter+Use+After+%27Government-Funded%27+Label&rft.date=2023-04-12&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=Lora&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F04%2F12%2Fbusiness%2Fnpr-twitter-suspension.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_133-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_133-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYang2023" class="citation news cs1">Yang, Maya (April 12, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2023/apr/12/npr-leaves-twitter-elon-musk-state-media">"NPR to quit Twitter after being labelled 'state-affiliated media'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412231518/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2023/apr/12/npr-leaves-twitter-elon-musk-state-media">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=NPR+to+quit+Twitter+after+being+labelled+%27state-affiliated+media%27&rft.date=2023-04-12&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Maya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2023%2Fapr%2F12%2Fnpr-leaves-twitter-elon-musk-state-media&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWile2023" class="citation web cs1">Wile, Rob (April 13, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/npr-quits-twitter-says-platform-undermining-credibility-rcna79322">"NPR quits Twitter, saying the platform is 'undermining' its credibility"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230413004131/https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/npr-quits-twitter-says-platform-undermining-credibility-rcna79322">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=NPR+quits+Twitter%2C+saying+the+platform+is+%27undermining%27+its+credibility&rft.date=2023-04-13&rft.aulast=Wile&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Ftech%2Ftech-news%2Fnpr-quits-twitter-says-platform-undermining-credibility-rcna79322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNPR2023" class="citation web cs1">@NPR (April 12, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/NPR/status/1646138100035272704">"NPR produces consequential, independent journalism every day in service to the public. Here's you can find and read our work..."</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NPR+produces+consequential%2C+independent+journalism+every+day+in+service+to+the+public.+Here%27s+you+can+find+and+read+our+work...&rft.date=2023-04-12&rft.au=NPR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FNPR%2Fstatus%2F1646138100035272704&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-folklib-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-folklib_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklib.net/index/discog/bibliog-npr.shtml">"FolkLib Index -Music Reference Books by National Public Radio (NPR)"</a>. <i>www.folklib.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202095835/https://www.folklib.net/index/discog/bibliog-npr.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.folklib.net&rft.atitle=FolkLib+Index+-Music+Reference+Books+by+National+Public+Radio+%28NPR%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.folklib.net%2Findex%2Fdiscog%2Fbibliog-npr.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2021" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, James T. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-80019-2#toc"><i>The History and Politics of Public Radio; A Comprehensive Analysis of Taxpayer-Financed US Broadcasting</i></a>. Studies in Public Choice. Vol. 41. Springer. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-80019-2">10.1007/978-3-030-80019-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-80019-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-80019-2"><bdi>978-3-030-80019-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:238550758">238550758</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+and+Politics+of+Public+Radio%3B+A+Comprehensive+Analysis+of+Taxpayer-Financed+US+Broadcasting&rft.series=Studies+in+Public+Choice&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A238550758%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-80019-2&rft.isbn=978-3-030-80019-2&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=James+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbook%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-80019-2%23toc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson1977" class="citation book cs1">Gibson, George H. (1977). <i>Public Broadcasting: The Role of the Federal Government, 1919–1976</i>. Praeger Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780030228315" title="Special:BookSources/9780030228315"><bdi>9780030228315</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3167293">3167293</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Broadcasting%3A+The+Role+of+the+Federal+Government%2C+1919%E2%80%931976&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3167293&rft.isbn=9780030228315&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=George+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagee2013" class="citation journal cs1">Magee, Sara (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19376529.2013.823970">"<i>All Things Considered</i>: A Content Analysis of National Public Radio's Flagship News Magazine from 1999–2009"</a>. <i>Journal of Radio & Audio Media</i>. <b>20</b> (2): 236–250. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F19376529.2013.823970">10.1080/19376529.2013.823970</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144116873">144116873</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Radio+%26+Audio+Media&rft.atitle=All+Things+Considered%3A+A+Content+Analysis+of+National+Public+Radio%27s+Flagship+News+Magazine+from+1999%E2%80%932009&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=236-250&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F19376529.2013.823970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144116873%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Magee&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F19376529.2013.823970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCauley2005" class="citation book cs1">McCauley, Michael P. (2005). <i>NPR: The Trials and Triumphs of National Public Radio</i>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231121606" title="Special:BookSources/9780231121606"><bdi>9780231121606</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/937175101">937175101</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NPR%3A+The+Trials+and+Triumphs+of+National+Public+Radio&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F937175101&rft.isbn=9780231121606&rft.aulast=McCauley&rft.aufirst=Michael+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANPR" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:National_Public_Radio" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="extiw" title="q:National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>NPR</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=NPR">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=NPR&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671510#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/1903.1/8281" class="extiw" title="hdl:1903.1/8281">Elizabeth L. Young papers</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Libraries" title="University of Maryland Libraries">University of Maryland Libraries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/series/978593267/50-years-of-npr">50 Years of NPR</a> (report series)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/series/688409791/npr-ethics-handbook">NPR Ethics Handbook</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NPR" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR" title="Template:NPR"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NPR" title="Template talk:NPR"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NPR" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NPR"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NPR" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NPR</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Educational_Broadcasters" title="National Association of Educational Broadcasters">National Association of Educational Broadcasters</a> (1925–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Radio_Network" title="National Educational Radio Network">National Educational Radio Network</a> (1961–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Act_of_1967" title="Public Broadcasting Act of 1967">Public Broadcasting Act of 1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</a> (1967–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Public_Radio_Stations" title="Association of Public Radio Stations">Association of Public Radio Stations</a> (1973–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Productions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Songs_Considered" title="All Songs Considered">All Songs Considered</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Things_Considered" title="All Things Considered">All Things Considered</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alt.Latino" title="Alt.Latino">Alt.Latino</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_Switch" title="Code Switch">Code Switch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consider_This_(podcast)" title="Consider This (podcast)">Consider This</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Here_and_Now_(Boston)" title="Here and Now (Boston)">Here and Now</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_I_Built_This" title="How I Built This">How I Built This</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Invisibilia" title="Invisibilia">Invisibilia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Edition" title="Morning Edition">Morning Edition</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Compromise_(podcast)" title="No Compromise (podcast)">No Compromise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planet_Money" title="Planet Money">Planet Money</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rough_Translation" title="Rough Translation">Rough Translation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TED</a> Radio Hour</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Thistle_%26_Shamrock" title="The Thistle & Shamrock">The Thistle & Shamrock</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Throughline" title="Throughline">Throughline</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Desk_Concerts" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiny Desk Concerts">Tiny Desk Concerts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Up_First" title="Up First">Up First</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wait_Wait..._Don%27t_Tell_Me!" title="Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!">Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weekend_Edition" title="Weekend Edition">Weekend Edition</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Public_Radio_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/National_Public_Radio_logo.svg/100px-National_Public_Radio_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/National_Public_Radio_logo.svg/150px-National_Public_Radio_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/National_Public_Radio_logo.svg/200px-National_Public_Radio_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="167" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Distributions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/1A_(radio_program)" title="1A (radio program)">1A</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bullseye_with_Jesse_Thorn" title="Bullseye with Jesse Thorn">Bullseye with Jesse Thorn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Car_Talk" title="Car Talk">Car Talk</a></i> <small>(reruns only since 2012)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fresh_Air" title="Fresh Air">Fresh Air</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_the_Top" title="From the Top">From the Top</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Latino_USA" title="Latino USA">Latino USA</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Stage" title="Mountain Stage">Mountain Stage</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piano_Jazz" title="Piano Jazz">Piano Jazz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/StoryCorps" title="StoryCorps">StoryCorps</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/World_Cafe_(radio_program)" title="World Cafe (radio program)">World Cafe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_NPR_personnel" title="List of NPR personnel">Current<br />personalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Adams" title="Noah Adams">Noah Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Beardsley" title="Eleanor Beardsley">Eleanor Beardsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ailsa_Chang" title="Ailsa Chang">Ailsa Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Detrow" title="Scott Detrow">Scott Detrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Fadel" title="Leila Fadel">Leila Fadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Folkenflik" title="David Folkenflik">David Folkenflik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Gjelten" title="Tom Gjelten">Tom Gjelten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Gonyea" title="Don Gonyea">Don Gonyea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Gross" title="Terry Gross">Terry Gross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Hamilton" title="Jon Hamilton">Jon Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Hinojosa" title="Maria Hinojosa">Maria Hinojosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Holmes_(writer)" title="Linda Holmes (writer)">Linda Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Inskeep" title="Steve Inskeep">Steve Inskeep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Louise_Kelly" title="Mary Louise Kelly">Mary Louise Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kuhn" title="Anthony Kuhn">Anthony Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Kurtis" title="Bill Kurtis">Bill Kurtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_Liasson" title="Mara Liasson">Mara Liasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Martin" title="Michel Martin">Michel Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="A Martínez">A Martínez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_McEvers" title="Kelly McEvers">Kelly McEvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Mondello" title="Bob Mondello">Bob Mondello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Montagne" title="Renée Montagne">Renée Montagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Norris" title="Michele Norris">Michele Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofeibea_Quist-Arcton" title="Ofeibea Quist-Arcton">Ofeibea Quist-Arcton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayesha_Rascoe" title="Ayesha Rascoe">Ayesha Rascoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Rath" title="Arun Rath">Arun Rath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Raz" title="Guy Raz">Guy Raz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiona_Ritchie" title="Fiona Ritchie">Fiona Ritchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sagal" title="Peter Sagal">Peter Sagal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ari_Shapiro" title="Ari Shapiro">Ari Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Simon" title="Scott Simon">Scott Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Singh" title="Lakshmi Singh">Lakshmi Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alix_Spiegel" title="Alix Spiegel">Alix Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Stamberg" title="Susan Stamberg">Susan Stamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juana_Summers" title="Juana Summers">Juana Summers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Totenberg" title="Nina Totenberg">Nina Totenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_Vedantam" title="Shankar Vedantam">Shankar Vedantam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Wertheimer" title="Linda Wertheimer">Linda Wertheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenn_White" title="Jenn White">Jenn White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Young" title="Robin Young">Robin Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former<br />personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Adler" title="Margot Adler">Margot Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Ashbrook" title="Tom Ashbrook">Tom Ashbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Barnes" title="Nancy Barnes">Nancy Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Bennett_(journalist)" title="Geoff Bennett (journalist)">Geoff Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Block" title="Melissa Block">Melissa Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Boilen" title="Bob Boilen">Bob Boilen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Brand" title="Madeleine Brand">Madeleine Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dee_Dee_Bridgewater" title="Dee Dee Bridgewater">Dee Dee Bridgewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Brown_(American_journalist)" title="Paul Brown (American journalist)">Paul Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Chadwick" title="Alex Chadwick">Alex Chadwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghna_Chakrabarti" title="Meghna Chakrabarti">Meghna Chakrabarti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farai_Chideya" title="Farai Chideya">Farai Chideya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Conan" title="Neal Conan">Neal Conan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audie_Cornish" title="Audie Cornish">Audie Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Davidson_(journalist)" title="Adam Davidson (journalist)">Adam Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Edwards" title="Bob Edwards">Bob Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Flatow" title="Ira Flatow">Ira Flatow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corey_Flintoff" title="Corey Flintoff">Corey Flintoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulu_Garcia-Navarro" title="Lulu Garcia-Navarro">Lulu Garcia-Navarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Garfield" title="Bob Garfield">Bob Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Garrels" title="Anne Garrels">Anne Garrels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Gifford" title="Rob Gifford">Rob Gifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Gladstone" title="Brooke Gladstone">Brooke Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_Goodwyn" title="Wade Goodwyn">Wade Goodwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Greene_(journalist)" title="David Greene (journalist)">David Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liane_Hansen" title="Liane Hansen">Liane Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hockenberry" title="John Hockenberry">John Hockenberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hobson" title="Jeremy Hobson">Jeremy Hobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Johnson_(journalist)" title="Joshua Johnson (journalist)">Joshua Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacki_Lyden" title="Jacki Lyden">Jacki Lyden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Kasell" title="Carl Kasell">Carl Kasell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_King_(broadcast_journalist)" title="Noel King (broadcast journalist)">Noel King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Koppel" title="Ted Koppel">Ted Koppel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Krulwich" title="Robert Krulwich">Robert Krulwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketzel_Levine" title="Ketzel Levine">Ketzel Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_and_Ray_Magliozzi" title="Tom and Ray Magliozzi">Tom and Ray Magliozzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_McPartland" title="Marian McPartland">Marian McPartland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulu_Miller" title="Lulu Miller">Lulu Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Poggioli" title="Sylvia Poggioli">Sylvia Poggioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Rehm" title="Diane Rehm">Diane Rehm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cokie_Roberts" title="Cokie Roberts">Cokie Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Rudin" title="Ken Rudin">Ken Rudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Schorr" title="Daniel Schorr">Daniel Schorr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Seabrook" title="Andrea Seabrook">Andrea Seabrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Siegel" title="Robert Siegel">Robert Siegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertamae_Smart-Grosvenor" title="Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor">Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Stewart" title="Alison Stewart">Alison Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Suarez" title="Ray Suarez">Ray Suarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanford_J._Ungar" title="Sanford J. Ungar">Sanford J. Ungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Williams" title="Juan Williams">Juan Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Wilson_(jazz_singer)" title="Nancy Wilson (jazz singer)">Nancy Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Windham" title="Craig Windham">Craig Windham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former<br />productions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ask_Me_Another_(radio_program)" title="Ask Me Another (radio program)">Ask Me Another</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bryant_Park_Project" title="Bryant Park Project">Bryant Park Project</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Day_to_Day" title="Day to Day">Day to Day</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Diane_Rehm_Show" title="The Diane Rehm Show">The Diane Rehm Show</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earplay" title="Earplay">Earplay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Profiles" title="Jazz Profiles">Jazz Profiles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/News_%26_Notes" title="News & Notes">News & Notes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NPR_Playhouse" title="NPR Playhouse">NPR Playhouse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Only_a_Game" title="Only a Game">Only a Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Expeditions" title="Radio Expeditions">Radio Expeditions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Talk_of_the_Nation" title="Talk of the Nation">Talk of the Nation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tell_Me_More" title="Tell Me More">Tell Me More</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Re:Union" title="State of the Re:Union">State of the Re:Union</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">American Public Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NPR_stations" title="List of NPR stations">NPR stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR_Music" title="NPR Music">NPR Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR_controversies" title="NPR controversies">NPR controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR_One" class="mw-redirect" title="NPR One">NPR One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_Casts" title="Pocket Casts">Pocket Casts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_Satellite_System" title="Public Radio Satellite System">Public Radio Satellite System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifica_Foundation" title="Pacifica Foundation">Pacifica Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_Exchange" title="Public Radio Exchange">Public Radio Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_International" title="Public Radio International">Public Radio International</a>, 1983–2019</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lyndon_B._Johnson" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Template:Lyndon B. Johnson"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Template talk:Lyndon B. Johnson"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lyndon B. Johnson"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lyndon_B._Johnson" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">36th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1963–1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">37th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1961–1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">Texas</a> (1949–1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 10th congressional district">TX-10</a> (1937–1949)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_presidency" title="Timeline of the Lyndon B. Johnson presidency">Timeline</a></li> <li>Inaugurations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Second inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson">second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let_Us_Continue" title="Let Us Continue">Let Us Continue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Model_Cities_Program" title="Model Cities Program">Model Cities Program</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_Barriers_Act_of_1968" title="Architectural Barriers Act of 1968">Architectural Barriers Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Nutrition_Act" title="Child Nutrition Act">Child Nutrition Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Clean Air Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1965" title="Coinage Act of 1965">Coinage Act of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">Department of Housing and Urban Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">Department of Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Opportunity_Act_of_1964" title="Economic Opportunity Act of 1964">Economic Opportunity Act of 1964</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_Start_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Head Start Program">Head Start Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_Corps" title="Job Corps">Job Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elementary_and_Secondary_Education_Act" title="Elementary and Secondary Education Act">Elementary and Secondary Education Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" title="Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">Civil Rights Act of 1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Housing_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair Housing Act">Fair Housing Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_in_Lending_Act" title="Truth in Lending Act">Truth in Lending Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1968" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968">Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Stamp_Act_of_1964" title="Food Stamp Act of 1964">Food Stamp Act of 1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassboro_Summit_Conference" title="Glassboro Summit Conference">Glassboro Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Control_Act_of_1968" title="Gun Control Act of 1968">Gun Control Act of 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Act_of_1965" title="Higher Education Act of 1965">Higher Education Act of 1965</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upward_Bound" title="Upward Bound">Upward Bound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRIO_(program)" class="mw-redirect" title="TRIO (program)">TRIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teacher_Corps" title="Teacher Corps">Teacher Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_and_Urban_Development_Act_of_1968" title="Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968">Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson Doctrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1965%E2%80%9366)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–66)">Dominican Republic occupation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritorious_Service_Medal_(United_States)#History" title="Meritorious Service Medal (United States)">Meritorious Service Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_11246" title="Executive Order 11246">Executive Order 11246</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_11375" title="Executive Order 11375">Executive Order 11375</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Older_Americans_Act" title="Older Americans Act">Older Americans Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_CHAOS" title="Operation CHAOS">Operation CHAOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Space_Treaty" title="Outer Space Treaty">Outer Space Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Act_of_1967" title="Public Broadcasting Act of 1967">Public Broadcasting Act of 1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Lyndon B. Johnson administration">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War#Lyndon_B._Johnson's_escalation,_1963–69" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Resolution" title="Gulf of Tonkin Resolution">Gulf of Tonkin Resolution</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Credibility_gap" title="Credibility gap">Credibility gap</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AmeriCorps_VISTA" title="AmeriCorps VISTA">VISTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">24th Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_poverty" title="War on poverty">War on poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Conference_on_Civil_Rights" title="White House Conference on Civil Rights">White House Conference on Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Lyndon B. Johnson administration">Cannabis policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Preservation_of_the_White_House" title="Committee for the Preservation of the White House">White House preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1964 State of the Union Address">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1965 State of the Union Address">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1966 State of the Union Address">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1967 State of the Union Address">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1968 State of the Union Address">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1969 State of the Union Address">1969</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson#Administration_and_Cabinet" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Lyndon B. Johnson Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court nomination">Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court nomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Lyndon B. Johnson judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_desk" title="Johnson desk">Johnson desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidential transition of Richard Nixon">Presidential transition of Richard Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Lyndon_Baines_Johnson/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Lyndon Baines Johnson/Executive orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Lyndon_Baines_Johnson/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Lyndon Baines Johnson/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/100px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/150px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg/200px-37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="1228" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson#Early_years" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Early years and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Texas" title="Operation Texas">Operation Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTBC_(TV)" title="KTBC (TV)">Texas Broadcasting Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Amendment" title="Johnson Amendment">Johnson Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_13_scandal" title="Box 13 scandal">Box 13 scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashir_Ahmad_(camel_driver)" title="Bashir Ahmad (camel driver)">Bashir Ahmad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="List of memorials to Lyndon B. Johnson">memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_bibliography" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon B. Johnson bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Library_and_Museum" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum">Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_National_Grassland" title="Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland">Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_National_Historical_Park" title="Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park">Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center">Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Day" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Day">Lyndon Baines Johnson Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_School_of_Public_Affairs" title="Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs">Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Memorial_Grove_on_the_Potomac" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac">Memorial Grove on the Potomac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Electoral history of Lyndon B. Johnson">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 10th congressional district">United States House of Representatives special elections, 1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1938 United States House of Representatives elections">1938 United States House of Representatives elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1940 United States House of Representatives elections">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1942 United States House of Representatives elections">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1944 United States House of Representatives elections">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1946 United States House of Representatives elections">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">United States Senate special elections, 1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1948 United States Senate elections">1948 United States Senate elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1954 United States Senate elections">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1960_and_1961" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1960 and 1961">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1964</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Lyndon B. Johnson 1964 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson_from_the_1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Lyndon B. Johnson from the 1968 United States presidential election">withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960 United States presidential election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidential transition of John F. Kennedy">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson#Personality_and_public_image" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Public image</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_in_popular_culture" title="Lyndon B. Johnson in popular culture">Lyndon B. Johnson in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_(advertisement)" title="Daisy (advertisement)"><i>Daisy</i> advertisement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_cult" title="Johnson cult">Johnson cult</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Years_of_Lyndon_Johnson" title="The Years of Lyndon Johnson">The Years of Lyndon Johnson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBJ_(1991_film)" title="LBJ (1991 film)"><i>LBJ</i> (1991 television film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path_to_War" title="Path to War"><i>Path to War</i> (2002 film)</a></li> <li><i>All the Way</i> (<a href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(play)" title="All the Way (play)">play</a>, <a href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(2016_film)" title="All the Way (2016 film)">film</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_(film)" title="Selma (film)"><i>Selma</i> (2014 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBJ_(2016_film)" title="LBJ (2016 film)"><i>LBJ</i> (2017 film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Family of Lyndon B. Johnson">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Claudia "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Bird_Johnson_Robb" title="Lynda Bird Johnson Robb">Lynda Bird Johnson Robb</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luci_Baines_Johnson" title="Luci Baines Johnson">Luci Baines Johnson</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ealy_Johnson_Jr." title="Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr.">Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston_Johnson" title="Sam Houston Johnson">Sam Houston Johnson</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ealy_Johnson,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Ealy Johnson, Sr.">Samuel Ealy Johnson, Sr.</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wilson_Baines" title="Joseph Wilson Baines">Joseph Wilson Baines</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Baines" title="George Washington Baines">George Washington Baines</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Robb" title="Chuck Robb">Chuck Robb</a> (son-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">← John F. Kennedy</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">← Richard Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Category:Lyndon B. Johnson">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NPR_stations_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Radio_stations" title="Template:NPR Radio stations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NPR_Radio_stations" title="Template talk:NPR Radio stations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NPR_Radio_stations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NPR Radio stations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NPR_stations_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NPR</a> stations in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_radio" title="Satellite radio">Satellite radio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirius XM Holdings">Sirius XM (Ch. 122)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">Terrestrial affiliates</a><br />by state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Alabama" title="Template:NPR Alabama">AL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Alaska" title="Template:NPR Alaska">AK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Arizona" title="Template:NPR Arizona">AZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Arkansas" title="Template:NPR Arkansas">AR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_California" title="Template:NPR California">CA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Colorado" title="Template:NPR Colorado">CO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Connecticut" title="Template:NPR Connecticut">CT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Delaware" title="Template:NPR Delaware">DE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_District_of_Columbia" title="Template:NPR District of Columbia">DC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Florida" title="Template:NPR Florida">FL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Georgia" title="Template:NPR Georgia">GA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Hawaii" title="Template:NPR Hawaii">HI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Idaho" title="Template:NPR Idaho">ID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Illinois" title="Template:NPR Illinois">IL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Indiana" title="Template:NPR Indiana">IN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Iowa" title="Template:NPR Iowa">IA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Kansas" title="Template:NPR Kansas">KS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Kentucky" title="Template:NPR Kentucky">KY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Louisiana" title="Template:NPR Louisiana">LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Maine" title="Template:NPR Maine">ME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Maryland" title="Template:NPR Maryland">MD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Massachusetts" title="Template:NPR Massachusetts">MA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Michigan" title="Template:NPR Michigan">MI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Minnesota" title="Template:NPR Minnesota">MN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Mississippi" title="Template:NPR Mississippi">MS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Missouri" title="Template:NPR Missouri">MO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Montana" title="Template:NPR Montana">MT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Nebraska" title="Template:NPR Nebraska">NE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Nevada" title="Template:NPR Nevada">NV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_New_Hampshire" title="Template:NPR New Hampshire">NH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_New_Jersey" title="Template:NPR New Jersey">NJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_New_Mexico" title="Template:NPR New Mexico">NM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_New_York" title="Template:NPR New York">NY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_North_Carolina" title="Template:NPR North Carolina">NC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_North_Dakota" title="Template:NPR North Dakota">ND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Ohio" title="Template:NPR Ohio">OH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Oklahoma" title="Template:NPR Oklahoma">OK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Oregon" title="Template:NPR Oregon">OR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Pennsylvania" title="Template:NPR Pennsylvania">PA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Rhode_Island" title="Template:NPR Rhode Island">RI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_South_Carolina" title="Template:NPR South Carolina">SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_South_Dakota" title="Template:NPR South Dakota">SD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Tennessee" title="Template:NPR Tennessee">TN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Texas" title="Template:NPR Texas">TX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Utah" title="Template:NPR Utah">UT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Vermont" title="Template:NPR Vermont">VT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Virginia" title="Template:NPR Virginia">VA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Washington" title="Template:NPR Washington">WA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_West_Virginia" title="Template:NPR West Virginia">WV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Wisconsin" title="Template:NPR Wisconsin">WI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Wyoming" title="Template:NPR Wyoming">WY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_US_Territories" title="Template:NPR US Territories">US Territories</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_NPR_stations" title="List of NPR stations">List of NPR stations</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Website</dt> <dd><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org">npr.org</a></dd></dl> <div class="hlist" style="font-size: smaller"> <dl><dt>News/talk/sports networks</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Bloomberg_Radio" title="Template:Bloomberg Radio">Bloomberg Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:ESPN_Radio_stations" title="Template:ESPN Radio stations">ESPN Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Fox_Sports_Radio_stations" title="Template:Fox Sports Radio stations">Fox Sports Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:NPR_Radio_stations" title="Template:NPR Radio stations">NPR</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:SportsMap_Radio_stations" title="Template:SportsMap Radio stations">SportsMap</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Music brands</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Bob_FM_Radio_stations" title="Template:Bob FM Radio stations">Bob FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Froggy_Radio_stations" title="Template:Froggy Radio stations">Froggy</a> (country only)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Hank_FM_Radio_stations" title="Template:Hank FM Radio stations">Hank FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Jack_FM_Radio_stations" title="Template:Jack FM Radio stations">Jack FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:KISS-FM_radio_stations" title="Template:KISS-FM radio stations">KISS-FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:MOViN_Radio_stations" title="Template:MOViN Radio stations">MOViN</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Nash_FM_Radio_stations" title="Template:Nash FM Radio stations">Nash FM</a> (country only)</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Religious networks</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Air_1" title="Template:Air 1">Air 1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:K-LOVE" title="Template:K-LOVE">K-LOVE</a></dd></dl> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_broadcasting_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_broadcasting_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Public broadcasting in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_broadcasting_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Public broadcasting in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_broadcasting_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public broadcasting in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_broadcasting_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">Public broadcasting</a> in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio syndicators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">American Public Media</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifica_Foundation" title="Pacifica Foundation">Pacifica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_Exchange" title="Public Radio Exchange">Public Radio Exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terrestrial television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Television" title="American Public Television">American PTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Create_(TV_network)" title="Create (TV network)">Create</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="World (TV channel)">World</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_Experience" title="First Nations Experience">FNX</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cable and satellite</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Arts_Showcase" title="Classic Arts Showcase">Classic Arts Showcase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Speech_TV" title="Free Speech TV">Free Speech TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_TV" title="NASA TV">NASA TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Satellite_Service" title="PBS Satellite Service">PBS Satellite Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCOLA_(TV_service)" title="SCOLA (TV service)">SCOLA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statewide networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Public_Media" title="Alaska Public Media">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Public_Radio" title="Colorado Public Radio">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNPR" title="WNPR">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Public_Broadcasting#GPB_Radio" title="Georgia Public Broadcasting">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Public_Radio" title="Hawaii Public Radio">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Public_Radio" title="Iowa Public Radio">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Public_Broadcasting_Network#Radio_stations" title="Maine Public Broadcasting Network">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Radio" title="Minnesota Public Radio">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Public_Broadcasting#MPB_Radio" title="Mississippi Public Broadcasting">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Educational_Telecommunications#Radio_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebraska Educational Telecommunications">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Public_Radio" title="Nevada Public Radio">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Public_Radio" title="New Hampshire Public Radio">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Public_Radio" title="Prairie Public Radio">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Public_Broadcasting" title="Oregon Public Broadcasting">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhode Island Public Radio">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Public_Radio" title="South Carolina Public Radio">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Public_Broadcasting#Radio_stations" title="South Dakota Public Broadcasting">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUSU-FM" title="KUSU-FM">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Public" title="Vermont Public">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Public_Broadcasting#Radio" title="West Virginia Public Broadcasting">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Public_Radio" title="Wisconsin Public Radio">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Public_Radio" title="Wyoming Public Radio">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Public_Television" title="Alabama Public Television">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Public_Media" title="Alaska Public Media">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_PBS" title="Arkansas PBS">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_PBS" title="Rocky Mountain PBS">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Public_Television" title="Connecticut Public Television">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Public_Broadcasting" title="Georgia Public Broadcasting">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHET" title="KHET">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Public_Television" title="Idaho Public Television">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_PBS" title="Iowa PBS">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Educational_Television" title="Kentucky Educational Television">Kentucky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WKMJ-TV" title="WKMJ-TV">KET2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Public_Broadcasting" title="Louisiana Public Broadcasting">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Public_Broadcasting_Network" title="Maine Public Broadcasting Network">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Public_Television" title="Maryland Public Television">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Public_Broadcasting" title="Mississippi Public Broadcasting">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_PBS" title="Montana PBS">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Educational_Telecommunications" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebraska Educational Telecommunications">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_PBS" title="New Hampshire PBS">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NJ_PBS" title="NJ PBS">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_North_Carolina" title="PBS North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Public_Television" title="Prairie Public Television">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Educational_Television_Authority" title="Oklahoma Educational Television Authority">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Public_Broadcasting" title="Oregon Public Broadcasting">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Public_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Puerto Rico Public Broadcasting Corporation">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_PBS" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhode Island PBS">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Educational_Television" title="South Carolina Educational Television">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Public_Broadcasting" title="South Dakota Public Broadcasting">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Public" title="Vermont Public">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Public_Broadcasting" title="West Virginia Public Broadcasting">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Wisconsin" title="PBS Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_PBS" title="Wyoming PBS">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Public_Radio" title="Alabama Public Radio">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boise_State_Public_Radio" title="Boise State Public Radio">Boise State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCMU-FM" title="WCMU-FM">Central Michigan Univ.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBEZ" title="WBEZ">Chicagoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Plains_Public_Radio" title="High Plains Public Radio">High Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBST#Indiana_Public_Radio" title="WBST">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlochen_Public_Radio" title="Interlochen Public Radio">Interlochen (Northern Michigan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Public_Radio" title="Jefferson Public Radio">Jefferson (Southern Oregon/Northern California)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigan Radio">Michigan Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Public_Radio" title="Montana Public Radio">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFCR" title="WFCR">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Public_Radio" title="New Jersey Public Radio">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WUNC_(FM)" title="WUNC (FM)">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Public_Radio" title="North Country Public Radio">North Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAMC" title="WAMC">Northeast (Albany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Public_Radio" title="Northern Public Radio">Northern (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Public Radio">Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVTF" title="WVTF">Radio IQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Radio" title="Red River Radio">Red River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_Public_Radio" title="Yellowstone Public Radio">Yellowstone Public</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee_PBS" class="mw-redirect" title="East Tennessee PBS">East Tennessee PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_PBS" title="Milwaukee PBS">Milwaukee PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Knowledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Network Knowledge">Network Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOZK" title="KOZK">Ozarks PTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWCM-TV" title="KWCM-TV">Pioneer PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMTJ" title="WMTJ">Sistema TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoky_Hills_PBS" title="Smoky Hills PBS">Smoky Hills PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Oregon_PBS" title="Southern Oregon PBS">Southern Oregon PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCMU-TV" title="WCMU-TV">WCMU Public Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIPR-TV" title="WIPR-TV">WIPR-TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local non-commercial<br />independents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">School-owned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KRSU-TV" title="KRSU-TV">KRSU-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUEN" title="KUEN">KUEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBEC-TV" title="WBEC-TV">WBEC-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDSC-TV" title="WDSC-TV">WDSC-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEFS" title="WEFS">WEFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WILC-CD" title="WILC-CD">WILC-CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPDS-LD" title="WPDS-LD">WPDS-LD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTVI" title="WTVI">WTVI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community-operated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KPJK" title="KPJK">KPJK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLAE-TV" title="WLAE-TV">WLAE-TV</a></li> <li>WLMF-LD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNYE-TV" title="WNYE-TV">WNYE-TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlaskaOne" title="AlaskaOne">AlaskaOne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Public_Television_Network" title="Pennsylvania Public Television Network">PPTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoD_News_Channel" title="DoD News Channel">DoD News Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K07UF" title="K07UF">K07UF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K35DG-D" title="K35DG-D">K35DG-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_TV" title="Link TV">Link TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHz_Networks" title="MHz Networks">MHz Networks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MHz_Networks#MHz_WorldView" title="MHz Networks">MHz WorldView</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Network" title="New Jersey Network">NJN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_International" title="Public Radio International">Public Radio International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W06BD" title="W06BD">W06BD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W07BP-D" class="mw-redirect" title="W07BP-D">W07BP-D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Broadcast_radio_networks_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_radio" title="Template:American broadcast radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_broadcast_radio" title="Template talk:American broadcast radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_broadcast_radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American broadcast radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Broadcast_radio_networks_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">Broadcast radio networks in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Audio" title="ABC Audio">ABC Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_Media_Networks" title="Compass Media Networks">Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premiere_Networks" title="Premiere Networks">Premiere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem_Radio_Network" title="Salem Radio Network">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Stations_Radio_Networks" title="United Stations Radio Networks">United Stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwood_One" title="Westwood One">Westwood One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uforia_Audio_Network" title="Uforia Audio Network">Uforia Audio Network</a> <ul><li>Spanish</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_News_Network" title="Georgia News Network">Georgia News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Radio_Network" title="Louisiana Radio Network">Louisiana Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Farm_Radio_Network" title="Michigan Farm Radio Network">Michigan Farm Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Radio_Network" title="Michigan Radio Network">Michigan Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Talk_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigan Talk Network">Michigan Talk Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_News_Network" title="North Carolina News Network">North Carolina News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ONN_(radio)" title="ONN (radio)">Ohio News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Point_(radio_network)" title="The Point (radio network)">The Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supertalk_Mississippi" title="Supertalk Mississippi">Supertalk Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Network" title="Texas State Network">Texas State Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Radio_Corporation#West_Virginia_MetroNews" class="mw-redirect" title="West Virginia Radio Corporation">WV Metro News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Urban_Radio_Networks" title="American Urban Radio Networks">AURN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBBR" title="WBBR">Bloomberg Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRN_Digital_Talk_Radio_Networks" title="CRN Digital Talk Radio Networks">CRN Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_(radio_network)" title="Evolution (radio network)">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_radio_broadcasts" title="Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts">Metropolitan Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Your_Life" title="Music of Your Life">Music of Your Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Radio" title="Pride Radio">Pride Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_America_(United_States)" title="Radio America (United States)">Radio America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_One_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio One (company)">Radio One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Broadcasting_Network" title="Republic Broadcasting Network">Republic Broadcasting Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Radio_Network" title="USA Radio Network">USA Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WestStar_TalkRadio_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="WestStar TalkRadio Network">WestStar TalkRadio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMT" title="WFMT">WFMT Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Classical_Network" title="World Classical Network">World Classical Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_broadcasting" title="Religious broadcasting">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels_Broadcasting_Network" title="Three Angels Broadcasting Network">3ABN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air1" title="Air1">Air1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Radio" title="American Family Radio">AFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Broadcasting_Network" title="Bible Broadcasting Network">BBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bott_Radio_Network" title="Bott Radio Network">BRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvary_Radio_Network" title="Calvary Radio Network">Calvary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_Network" title="Covenant Network">Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSN_International" title="CSN International">CSN International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effect_Radio" title="Effect Radio">Effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESNE_Radio" title="ESNE Radio">ESNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_Word_Television_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Eternal Word Television Network">EWTN Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Life_Network" title="Family Life Network">Family Life Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Life_Radio" title="Family Life Radio">Family Life Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Radio" title="Family Radio">Family Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Broadcasting_Network" title="Fundamental Broadcasting Network">Fundamental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_Mix!_Radio" title="Go Mix! Radio">Go Mix!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNN_Radio" title="GNN Radio">GNN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Opportunities_Radio_Network" title="Gospel Opportunities Radio Network">Gospel Opportunities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Radio_Network" title="Guadalupe Radio Network">Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-Love" title="K-Love">K-Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Kings Radio">King of Kings Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Life_FM" title="The Life FM">The Life FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LifeTalk_Radio" title="LifeTalk Radio">LifeTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Hill_Network" title="Mars Hill Network">Mars Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moody_Radio" title="Moody Radio">Moody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Media" title="Northwestern Media">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_Radio" title="Pilgrim Radio">Pilgrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_74_Internationale" title="Radio 74 Internationale">Radio 74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Nueva_Vida" title="Radio Nueva Vida">Radio Nueva Vida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Presence_Radio" title="Real Presence Radio">Real Presence Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejoice_Broadcast_Network" title="Rejoice Broadcast Network">Rejoice Broadcast Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relevant_Radio" title="Relevant Radio">Relevant Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RenewFM" title="RenewFM">RenewFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RevFM" title="RevFM">RevFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem_Radio_Network" title="Salem Radio Network">Salem Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smile_FM" title="Smile FM">Smile FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sounds_of_the_Spirit" title="Sounds of the Spirit">Sounds of the Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPAR" title="WPAR">Spirit FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VCY_America" title="VCY America">VCY America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAY-FM_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="WAY-FM Network">WAY-FM Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBYO" title="WBYO">Word FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Your_Network_of_Praise" title="Your Network of Praise">Your Network of Praise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sports_radio_networks_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Sports radio networks in the United States">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BetQL_Network" title="BetQL Network">BetQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESPN_Radio" title="ESPN Radio">ESPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Sports_Radio" title="Fox Sports Radio">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BAtbol_de_Primera_(radio_network)" title="Fútbol de Primera (radio network)">Futbol de Primera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinity_Sports_Network" title="Infinity Sports Network">Infinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_Byline_USA" title="Sports Byline USA">Sports Byline USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_USA_Radio_Network" title="Sports USA Radio Network">Sports USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TUDN_Radio" title="TUDN Radio">TUDN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">News</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_Radio" title="ABC News Radio">ABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Information_Network" title="Black Information Network">BIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_News_Radio" title="CBS News Radio">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Radio" title="Fox News Radio">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_News_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC News Radio">NBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">Public radio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">APM</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifica_Foundation" title="Pacifica Foundation">Pacifica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_Exchange" title="Public Radio Exchange">PRX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Public_Radio" title="Colorado Public Radio">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNPR" title="WNPR">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Public_Broadcasting#GPB_Radio" title="Georgia Public Broadcasting">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Public_Radio" title="Hawaii Public Radio">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Public_Radio" title="Iowa Public Radio">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Public_Radio" title="Kentucky Public Radio">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Public_Broadcasting_Network#Radio_stations" title="Maine Public Broadcasting Network">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Radio" title="Minnesota Public Radio">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Public_Broadcasting#MPB_Radio" title="Mississippi Public Broadcasting">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Educational_Telecommunications#Radio_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebraska Educational Telecommunications">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Public_Radio" title="Nevada Public Radio">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Public_Radio" title="New Hampshire Public Radio">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Public_Radio" title="Prairie Public Radio">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Public_Broadcasting#Radio_stations" title="Oregon Public Broadcasting">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Public%27s_Radio" title="The Public's Radio">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Public_Radio" title="South Carolina Public Radio">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Public_Broadcasting#Radio_stations" title="South Dakota Public Broadcasting">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUSU-FM" title="KUSU-FM">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermont Public Radio">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Public_Broadcasting#Radio" title="West Virginia Public Broadcasting">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Public_Radio" title="Wisconsin Public Radio">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Public_Radio" title="Wyoming Public Radio">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Public_Radio" title="Alabama Public Radio">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boise_State_Public_Radio" title="Boise State Public Radio">Boise State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCMU-FM" title="WCMU-FM">CMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Plains_Public_Radio" title="High Plains Public Radio">High Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBST#Indiana_Public_Radio" title="WBST">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlochen_Public_Radio" title="Interlochen Public Radio">Interlochen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Public_Radio" title="Jefferson Public Radio">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Public" title="Michigan Public">Michigan Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Public_Radio" title="Montana Public Radio">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFCR" title="WFCR">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Public_Radio" title="New Jersey Public Radio">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="North Carolina Public Radio">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Public_Radio" title="North Country Public Radio">North Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAMC" title="WAMC">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Public_Radio" title="Northern Public Radio">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Public Radio">Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVTF" title="WVTF">Radio IQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Kansas" title="Radio Kansas">Radio Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Radio" title="Red River Radio">Red River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_Public_Radio" title="Yellowstone Public Radio">Yellowstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct or<br />moribund</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumulus_Media_Networks#ABC_Radio" title="Cumulus Media Networks">ABC (original)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_America_(radio_network)" title="Air America (radio network)">Air America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Broadcasting_System" title="Amalgamated Broadcasting System">Amalgamated Broadcasting System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talk_Radio_Network" title="Talk Radio Network">America's Radio News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Network_(United_States)" title="American Network (United States)">American Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Radio_Network" title="Arkansas Radio Network">Arkansas Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biz_Radio_Network" title="Biz Radio Network">Biz Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Network" title="Blue Network">NBC Blue/Blue Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_children%27s_radio_networks" title="List of children's radio networks">Children's radio networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumulus_Media_Networks" title="Cumulus Media Networks">Cumulus Media Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwood_One_(1976%E2%80%932011)" title="Westwood One (1976–2011)">Dial Global</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dial_Global_Local" title="Dial Global Local">Local/Waitt</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Disney" title="Radio Disney">Radio Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_Radio_Network" title="Enterprise Radio Network">Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESPN_Deportes_Radio" title="ESPN Deportes Radio">ESPN Deportes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Communications_Network" title="Genesis Communications Network">GCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God%27s_Country_Radio_Network" title="God's Country Radio Network">God's Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I.E._America_Radio_Network" title="I.E. America Radio Network">I.E. America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_Radio_Networks" title="Jones Radio Networks">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-Love_Classics" title="K-Love Classics">K-Love Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Broadcasting_System" title="Liberty Broadcasting System">Liberty Broadcasting System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Regional_Network" title="Michigan Regional Network">Michigan Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_Broadcasting_System" title="Mutual Broadcasting System">Mutual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_Black_Network" title="Mutual Black Network">Mutual Reports Network/Mutual Black Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_Lifestyle_Radio" title="Mutual Lifestyle Radio">Mutual Lifestyle Radio/Mutual Progressive Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_Spanish_Network" title="Mutual Spanish Network">Mutual Spanish Network (Mutual Cadena Hispánica)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Radio_Network" title="NBC Radio Network">NBC Red/NBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports_Radio" title="NBC Sports Radio">NBC Sports Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Talknet" title="NBC Talknet">NBC Talknet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBG_Radio_Network" title="NBG Radio Network">NBG Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Black_Network" title="National Black Network">National Black Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Negro_Network" title="National Negro Network">National Negro Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_M_Radio" title="Nova M Radio">Nova M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radio_Network_(United_States)" title="National Radio Network (United States)">National Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_International" title="Public Radio International">PRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Broadcasting_System" title="Progressive Broadcasting System">Progressive Broadcasting System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_AAHS" title="Radio AAHS">Radio AAHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RKO_Radio_Network" title="RKO Radio Network">RKO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Music_Network" title="Satellite Music Network">Satellite Music Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_Fan_Radio_Network" title="Sports Fan Radio Network">Sports Fan Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SportsMap" title="SportsMap">SportsMap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talk_Radio_Network" title="Talk Radio Network">Talk Radio Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Source_(network)" title="The Source (network)">The Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtar_Radio_Networks" title="Transtar Radio Networks">Transtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Press_International_Radio_Network" title="United Press International Radio Network">UPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Univision_America" title="Univision America">Univision America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_News_Desk" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington News Desk">Washington News Desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Broadcasting" title="Westinghouse Broadcasting">Westinghouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwood_One_(1976%E2%80%932011)" title="Westwood One (1976–2011)">Westwood One (original)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwood_One_News" title="Westwood One News">Westwood One News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WOR_Radio_Network" title="WOR Radio Network">WOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal_Radio_Network" title="Wall Street Journal Radio Network">WSJ Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Network" title="Yankee Network">Yankee Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Radio_icon.png/16px-Radio_icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Radio_icon.png/24px-Radio_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Radio_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="22" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Radio" title="Portal:Radio">Radio portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_White_House_James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_seating_chart" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:White_House_James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_seating_chart" title="Template:White House James S. Brady Press Briefing Room seating chart"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:White_House_James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_seating_chart" title="Template talk:White House James S. Brady Press Briefing Room seating chart"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:White_House_James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_seating_chart" title="Special:EditPage/Template:White House James S. Brady Press Briefing Room seating chart"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_White_House_James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_seating_chart" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Current <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> <a href="/wiki/James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room" title="James S. Brady Press Briefing Room">James S. Brady Press Briefing Room</a> <span class="nowrap">seating chart</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="font-weight:bold;">Row</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="7" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background:#003C80; color:white;"><b>Podium</b></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;background:lightgray;width:2em;"><div> <p><b>1<br />2<br />3<br />4<br />5<br />6<br />7</b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal"><i>Wall Street Journal</i></a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>/<a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>/<a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">Telemundo</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Government" title="Bloomberg Government">Bloomberg Government</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner"><i>Washington Examiner</i></a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe"><i>Boston Globe</i></a>/<i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Blade" title="Washington Blade">Washington Blade</a></i> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a><br /><a href="/wiki/CBS_News_Radio" title="CBS News Radio">CBS News Radio</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">AP Radio</a>/<a href="/wiki/PBS_News_Hour" title="PBS News Hour">PBS</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">VOA</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Daily_Caller" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Caller">Daily Caller</a>/<a href="/wiki/EWTN" title="EWTN">EWTN</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a><br /><a href="/wiki/McClatchy" title="McClatchy">McClatchy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post"><i>NY Post</i></a>/<a href="/wiki/TheGrio" title="TheGrio">TheGrio</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times"><i>Washington Times</i></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Salem_Radio_Network" title="Salem Radio Network">Salem Radio</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cheddar_(TV_channel)" title="Cheddar (TV channel)">Cheddar News</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hearst_Television" title="Hearst Television">Hearst TV</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">AP</a><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NPR</a><br /><span style="color:#0000FF">Foreign pool</span><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)"><i>The Hill</i></a><br /><span style="color:#0000FF">Regionals</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Newsmax_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsmax Media">Newsmax</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gray_Television" title="Gray Television">Gray TV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spectrum_News" title="Spectrum News">Spectrum News</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post"><i>Washington Post</i></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fox_Business" title="Fox Business">Fox Business</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Radio" title="Fox News Radio">Fox News Radio</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor"><i>CSM</i></a>/<i><a href="/wiki/Roll_Call" title="Roll Call">Roll Call</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nexstar_Media_Group" title="Nexstar Media Group">Nexstar</a>/<a href="/wiki/Scripps_News" title="Scripps News">Scripps News</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times"><i>NY Times</i></a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">LA Times</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Noticias_Univision" title="Noticias Univision">Univision</a>/<a href="/wiki/American_Urban_Radio_Networks" title="American Urban Radio Networks">AURN</a><br /><a href="/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClearPolitics</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast"><i>Daily Beast</i></a>/<a href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News" title="The Dallas Morning News"><i>Dallas Morning News</i></a><br /><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC</a>/<i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_Radio" title="ABC News Radio">ABC News Radio</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/National_Journal" title="National Journal">National Journal</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/White_House_Correspondents%27_Association" title="White House Correspondents' Association">White House Correspondents' Association</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template talk:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARD_(broadcaster)" title="ARD (broadcaster)">ARD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayerischer_Rundfunk" title="Bayerischer Rundfunk">BR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandradio" title="Deutschlandradio">DLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">DW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessischer_Rundfunk" title="Hessischer Rundfunk">HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitteldeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk">MDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norddeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Norddeutscher Rundfunk">NDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Bremen" title="Radio Bremen">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundfunk_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg">RBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarl%C3%A4ndischer_Rundfunk" title="Saarländischer Rundfunk">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdwestrundfunk" title="Südwestrundfunk">SWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Westdeutscher Rundfunk">WDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_of_Armenia" title="Public Radio of Armenia">ARMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Television_Company_of_Armenia" title="Public Television Company of Armenia">ARMTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina">BHRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Radio" title="Bulgarian National Radio">BNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Television" title="Bulgarian National Television">BNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Radio" title="Czech Radio">ČRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television" title="Czech Television">ČT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation">CyBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR_(broadcaster)" title="DR (broadcaster)">DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Algeria" title="Radio Algeria">ENRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Establishment_of_Television" title="Public Establishment of Television">EPTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Rahvusringh%C3%A4%C3%A4ling" title="Eesti Rahvusringhääling">ERR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Raadio" title="Eesti Raadio">ER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Televisioon" title="Eesti Televisioon">ETV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_100,7" title="Radio 100,7">ERSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation">ERT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Radio" title="Hellenic Radio">ERA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Public_Broadcaster" title="Georgian Public Broadcaster">GPB</a></li> <li>GRF <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_M%C3%A9dias_Monde" title="France Médias Monde">FMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions" title="France Télévisions">FTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_France" title="Radio France">RF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radiotelevision" title="Croatian Radiotelevision">HRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radio" title="Croatian Radio">HR</a></li></ul></li> <li>İCTI <ul><li>İR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ctimai_Television" title="İctimai Television">İTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Jordan Radio and Television Corporation">JRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Public_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation">KAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_National_Channel" title="Libya National Channel">LNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">LRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_of_Latvia" title="Public Broadcasting of Latvia">LSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_Radio" title="Latvijas Radio">LR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Television" title="Latvian Television">LTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Media_Diffusion" title="Monaco Media Diffusion">MMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Radio_Television" title="Macedonian Radio Television">MRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTVA_(Hungary)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTVA (Hungary)">MTVA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duna_M%C3%A9dia" title="Duna Média">Duna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Publieke_Omroep_(organisation)" title="Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (organisation)">NPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AVROTROS" title="AVROTROS">AVROTROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNNVARA" title="BNNVARA">BNNVARA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelische_Omroep" title="Evangelische Omroep">EO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistische_Omroep" title="Humanistische Omroep">HUMAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRO-NCRV" title="KRO-NCRV">KRO-NCRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_MAX" title="Omroep MAX">MAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">NOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_NTR" title="Omroep NTR">NTR</a></li> <li>ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowNed" title="PowNed">PowNed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stichting_Ether_Reclame" class="mw-redirect" title="Stichting Ether Reclame">Ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPRO" title="VPRO">VPRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNL_(broadcaster)" title="WNL (broadcaster)">WNL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_Zwart" title="Omroep Zwart">Zwart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Media_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="National Media Authority">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORF_(broadcaster)" title="ORF (broadcaster)">ORF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Services" title="Public Broadcasting Services">PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio" title="Polskie Radio">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company">ROR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTBF" title="RTBF">RTBF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Montenegro" title="Radio and Television of Montenegro">RTCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTL_Group" title="RTL Group">RTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_e_Televis%C3%A3o_de_Portugal" title="Rádio e Televisão de Portugal">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Serbia" title="Radio Television of Serbia">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTSH" title="RTSH">RTSH</a></li> <li>RTT <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Tunisienne" title="Radio Tunisienne">RT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Tunisienne" title="Télévision Tunisienne">TT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Andorra" title="Radio and Television of Andorra">RTVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVE" title="RTVE">RTVE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España">RNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">TVE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelevizija_Slovenija" title="Radiotelevizija Slovenija">RTVSLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%9AV" title="RÚV">RÚV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_RTV" title="San Marino RTV">SMRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNRT" title="SNRT">SNRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Swiss Broadcasting Corporation">SRG SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Management_for_SR,_SVT,_and_UR" title="Foundation Management for SR, SVT, and UR">SRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Radio" title="Sveriges Radio">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Television" title="Sveriges Television">SVT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Educational_Broadcasting_Company" title="Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company">UR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Television_and_Radio" title="Slovak Television and Radio">STVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspilne" title="Suspilne">SU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9diffusion_d%27Alg%C3%A9rie" title="Télédiffusion d'Algérie">TDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9_Liban" title="Télé Liban">TL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleradio-Moldova" title="Teleradio-Moldova">TRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Turkish Radio and Television Corporation">TRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVMonaco" title="TVMonaco">TVM</a> <i><abbr title="Monaco">(MC)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV 2 (Denmark)">TV 2</a> <i><abbr title="Denmark">(DK)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_Group" title="TV 2 Group">TV 2</a> <i><abbr title="Norway">(NO)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telewizja_Polska" title="Telewizja Polska">TVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVR_(TV_network)" title="TVR (TV network)">TVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">UKIB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">C4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRT_(broadcaster)" title="VRT (broadcaster)">VRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZDF" title="ZDF">ZDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Suspended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belteleradio" title="Belteleradio">BTRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">C1R</a></li> <li>RDO <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Mayak" title="Radio Mayak">MK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Orpheus" title="Radio Orpheus">OP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_State_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company">VGTRK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antena_3_Radio" title="Antena 3 Radio">A3R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_channel)" title="Canal+ (French TV channel)">C+</a></li> <li>C1O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_COPE" title="Cadena COPE">COPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiocentre" title="Radiocentre">CRCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television#1953–1992:_Czechoslovak_Television" title="Czech Television">ČST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1">E1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERTT" title="ERTT">ERTT</a></li> <li>GRMC <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RMC_(France)" title="RMC (France)">RMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMC_(TV_channel)" title="TMC (TV channel)">TMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Independent Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <i><abbr title="United Kingdom">(GB)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Israel Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <i><abbr title="Israel">(IL)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Authority" title="Independent Television Authority">ITA</a></li> <li>ITCA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radio_Television" title="Yugoslav Radio Television">JRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Jamahiriya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation">LJBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Malta" title="Television in Malta">MBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_R%C3%A1di%C3%B3" title="Magyar Rádió">MR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV3" title="MTV3">MTV</a> <i><abbr title="Finland">(FI)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3" title="Magyar Televízió">MTV</a> <i><abbr title="Hungary">(HU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hellenic_Radio,_Internet_and_Television" title="New Hellenic Radio, Internet and Television">NERIT</a></li> <li>OFRT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_de_Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française">ORTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française">RTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Slovakia" title="Radio and Television of Slovakia">RTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_SER" title="Cadena SER">SER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%BD_rozhlas" title="Slovenský rozhlas">SRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A1_telev%C3%ADzia" title="Slovenská televízia">STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDF_Group" title="TDF Group">TDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TF1" title="TF1">TF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La7" title="La7">TMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV4_(Swedish_TV_channel)" title="TV4 (Swedish TV channel)">TV4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udru%C5%BEenje_javnih_radija_i_televizija" title="Udruženje javnih radija i televizija">UJRT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate<br /> members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a> <i><abbr title="Australia">(AU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> <i><abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></i></li> <li>ACORAB</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">APM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_13_(Chilean_TV_network)" title="Canal 13 (Chilean TV network)">C13</a> <i><abbr title="Chile">(CL)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC/SRC</a> <i><abbr title="Canada">(CA)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">CMG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">CCTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">CGTN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">CNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">CRI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Padre_Anchieta" title="Fundação Padre Anchieta">FPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeTV_Australia" title="FreeTV Australia">Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Institute_of_Radio_and_Television" title="Cuban Institute of Radio and Television">ICRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Broadcasting" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting">IRIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabar_Agency" title="Khabar Agency">KA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System" title="Korean Broadcasting System">KBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="Mauritius">(MU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Television" title="Bangladesh Television">NBAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Organization_of_Radio_and_TV_(Syria)" title="General Organization of Radio and TV (Syria)">ORTAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Oman_Television" title="Sultanate of Oman Television">PART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustavi_2" title="Rustavi 2">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">RNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Televisyen_Malaysia" title="Radio Televisyen Malaysia">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">SBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Media_Group" title="Shanghai Media Group">SMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBS_Holdings" title="TBS Holdings">TBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imedi_Media_Holding" title="Imedi Media Holding">TEME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVNZ" title="TVNZ">TVNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMT" title="WFMT">WFMT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teleamazonas" title="Teleamazonas">4TA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABERT" title="ABERT">ABERT</a></li> <li>AFMN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">AIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="América Televisión">AMÉRICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Asahi" title="TV Asahi">ANB</a></li> <li>ATEC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Television" title="Asia Television">ATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNS-TV" title="ZNS-TV">BCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_P%C3%BAblica" title="Televisión Pública">C7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teledoce" title="Teledoce">C12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Trece" title="El Trece">C13</a> <i><abbr title="Argentina">(AR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <i><abbr title="Barbados">(BB)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <i><abbr title="Sri Lanka">(LK)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azteca_Uno" title="Azteca Uno">CMRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">CPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A1rios_Associados" title="Diários Associados">DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">EBC</a></li> <li>EMI</li> <li>EURT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Television" title="Fuji Television">FTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Ghana Broadcasting Corporation">GBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Communications_Network,_Guyana" title="National Communications Network, Guyana">GBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Globo" title="TV Globo">GLOBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Radio_%26_Television_Service" title="Gambia Radio & Television Service">GRTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Broadcasting_Bureau" title="International Broadcasting Bureau">IBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inravisi%C3%B3n" title="Inravisión">IRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation">JBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeem_TV" title="Jeem TV">JCC</a></li> <li>IBTE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Television" title="Kuwait Television">KBTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaallit_Nunaata_Radioa" title="Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa">KNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia_Broadcasting_System" title="Liberia Broadcasting System">LBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Malawi Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="Malawi">(MW)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="South Korea">(KR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Broadcasting_System" title="Mainichi Broadcasting System">MBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Radio" title="Minnesota Public Radio">MPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Consortium" title="Japan Consortium">NACB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Educational_Broadcasters" title="National Association of Educational Broadcasters">NAEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Radio_Corporation_of_Nigeria" title="Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="Nigeria">(NG)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Corporation_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="National Broadcasting Corporation of Papua New Guinea">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="Papua New Guinea">(PNG)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television">NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon TV">NTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Television" title="Nepal Television">NTVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Radio" title="New York Public Radio">NYPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Radio_and_Television_of_Niger" title="Office of Radio and Television of Niger">ORTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamericana_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Panamericana Televisión">PANTEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation">PBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Television_Corporation" title="Pakistan Television Corporation">PTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Radio" title="Qatar Radio">QR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Television" title="Qatar Television">QTBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Caracas_Radio" title="Radio Caracas Radio">RCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCTV" title="RCTV">RCTV</a></li> <li>RD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rede_de_Emissoras_Independentes" title="Rede de Emissoras Independentes">REI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_Nacional" title="Rádio Nacional">RN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Nationale_Tchadienne" title="Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne">RNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Pakistan" title="Radio Pakistan">RP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Republik_Indonesia" title="Radio Republik Indonesia">RRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Congolaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Congolaise">RTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Gabonaise" title="Radio Télévision Gabonaise">RTG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Television_Ivoirienne" title="Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirienne">RTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Malagasy" title="Télévision Malagasy">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9galaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_du_Burkina" title="Radio Télévision du Burkina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC" title="SABC">SABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Saudi Broadcasting Authority">SABTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">SLBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_TV" title="Sudan TV">STS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latina_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Latina Televisión">T2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation">TBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico#1968-70:_Telecadena_Mexicana" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_FM" title="Tokyo FM">TFM/JOAU-FM</a></li> <li>TH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Life_Television" title="Time Life Television">TIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesistema_Mexicano" title="Telesistema Mexicano">TSM</a></li> <li>TSN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">TVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVB" title="TVB">TVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_of_Mauritania" title="Television of Mauritania">TVM</a> <i><abbr title="Mauritania">(MR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Chile" title="Televisión Nacional de Chile">TVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVRI" title="TVRI">TVRI</a></li> <li>UAERTVD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Information_Agency" title="United States Information Agency">USIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Kenya Broadcasting Corporation">VK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">VV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_nationale_congolaise" title="Radio-Télévision nationale congolaise">VZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGBH_Educational_Foundation" title="WGBH Educational Foundation">WGBH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation">ZBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approved<br />participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalunya_R%C3%A0dio" title="Catalunya Ràdio">CAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellnex" title="Cellnex">Cellnex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_l%27audiovisuel" title="Institut national de l'audiovisuel">INA</a></li> <li>JPMRD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Vojvodina" title="Radio Television of Vojvodina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abertis" title="Abertis">Abertis</a></li> <li>AH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Educational_Television" title="Israeli Educational Television">IETV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBC_Group" title="MBC Group">MEBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retevisi%C3%B3n" title="Retevisión">RETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network">RTRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentech" title="Sentech">SNTC</a></li> <li>URTI</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_World_Radio_Network" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Radio_Network" title="Template:World Radio Network"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Radio_Network" title="Template talk:World Radio Network"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Radio_Network" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Radio Network"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_World_Radio_Network" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/WRN_Broadcast" title="WRN Broadcast">World Radio Network</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">Akashvani (All India Radio)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banns_Radio_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banns Radio International (page does not exist)">Banns Radio International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Africa" title="Channel Africa">Channel Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">China Radio International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Radio_International" title="Israel Radio International">Israel Radio International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBR_(news_agency)" title="KBR (news agency)">KBR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBS_World_Radio" title="KBS World Radio">KBS World Radio</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Poland" title="Radio Poland">Radio Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Algeria" title="Radio Algeria">Radio Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Australia" title="Radio Australia">Radio Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Damascus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Damascus (page does not exist)">Radio Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Exterior" title="Radio Exterior">Radio Exterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_France_Internationale" title="Radio France Internationale">Radio France Internationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Guangdong" title="Radio Guangdong">Radio Guangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Havana_Cuba" title="Radio Havana Cuba">Radio Havana Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK_World_Radio_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="NHK World Radio Japan">Radio Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Kuwait (page does not exist)">Radio Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNZ_International" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ International">Radio New Zealand International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Pakistan" title="Radio Pakistan">Radio Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Prague" title="Radio Prague">Radio Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Romania_International" title="Radio Romania International">Radio Romania International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Slovakia_International" title="Radio Slovakia International">Radio Slovakia International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(news_agency)" title="Sputnik (news agency)">Radio Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SR_International_%E2%80%93_Radio_Sweden" title="SR International – Radio Sweden">Radio Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Taiwan_International" title="Radio Taiwan International">Radio Taiwan International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Thailand_World_Service" title="Radio Thailand World Service">Radio Thailand World Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Tunis_Cha%C3%AEne_Internationale" title="Radio Tunis Chaîne Internationale">Radio Tunis International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodifusi%C3%B3n_Argentina_al_Exterior" title="Radiodifusión Argentina al Exterior">Radiodifusión Argentina al Exterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Radio" title="RTÉ Radio">RTÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swissinfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Swissinfo">swissinfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Radio" title="United Nations Radio">United Nations Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Korea" title="Voice of Korea">Voice of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRIB_World_Service" title="IRIB World Service">Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_the_Strait" title="Voice of the Strait">Voice of the Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Turkey" title="Voice of Turkey">Voice of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Hauser" title="Glenn Hauser">World of Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(2000s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template talk:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(2000s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts recipients</a> (2000s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Arnold" title="Eddy Arnold">Eddy Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Baryshnikov" title="Mikhail Baryshnikov">Mikhail Baryshnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Close" title="Chuck Close">Chuck Close</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horton_Foote" title="Horton Foote">Horton Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Manilow" title="Lewis Manilow">Lewis Manilow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a>, cultural programming division</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claes_Oldenburg" title="Claes Oldenburg">Claes Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzhak_Perlman" title="Itzhak Perlman">Itzhak Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Ailey_American_Dance_Theater" title="Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater">Alvin Ailey Dance Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolfo_Anaya" title="Rudolfo Anaya">Rudolfo Anaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Frankenthaler" title="Helen Frankenthaler">Helen Frankenthaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Jamison" title="Judith Jamison">Judith Jamison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Knoll_Bassett" class="mw-redirect" title="Florence Knoll Bassett">Florence Knoll Bassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trisha_Brown" title="Trisha Brown">Trisha Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Montebello" title="Philippe de Montebello">Philippe de Montebello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uta_Hagen" title="Uta Hagen">Uta Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Halprin" title="Lawrence Halprin">Lawrence Halprin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hirschfeld" title="Al Hirschfeld">Al Hirschfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_Cho_Lee" title="Ming Cho Lee">Ming Cho Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">William "Smokey" Robinson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits" title="Austin City Limits">Austin City Limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Cleary" title="Beverly Cleary">Beverly Cleary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafe_Esquith" title="Rafe Esquith">Rafe Esquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Farrell" title="Suzanne Farrell">Suzanne Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Guy" title="Buddy Guy">Buddy Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle_Choir" title="Tabernacle Choir">Tabernacle Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Slatkin" title="Leonard Slatkin">Leonard Slatkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Strait" title="George Strait">George Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_W._Mellon_Foundation" title="Andrew W. Mellon Foundation">Andrew W. Mellon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Floyd" title="Carlisle Floyd">Carlisle Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hart_(sculptor)" title="Frederick Hart (sculptor)">Frederick Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hecht" title="Anthony Hecht">Anthony Hecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruthven_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Ruthven (artist)">John Ruthven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Scully" title="Vincent Scully">Vincent Scully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twyla_Tharp" title="Twyla Tharp">Twyla Tharp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auchincloss" title="Louis Auchincloss">Louis Auchincloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_DePreist" title="James DePreist">James DePreist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paquito_D%27Rivera" title="Paquito D'Rivera">Paquito D'Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Garment" title="Leonard Garment">Leonard Garment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollie_Johnston" title="Ollie Johnston">Ollie Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts" title="Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts">Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Ramirez" title="Tina Ramirez">Tina Ramirez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bolcom" title="William Bolcom">William Bolcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyd_Charisse" title="Cyd Charisse">Cyd Charisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_DeCarava" title="Roy DeCarava">Roy DeCarava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlochen_Center_for_the_Arts" title="Interlochen Center for the Arts">Interlochen Center for the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Kunzel" title="Erich Kunzel">Erich Kunzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_Hall_Jazz_Band" title="Preservation Hall Jazz Band">Preservation Hall Jazz Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Rabassa" title="Gregory Rabassa">Gregory Rabassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Schreckengost" title="Viktor Schreckengost">Viktor Schreckengost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Stanley" title="Ralph Stanley">Ralph Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morten_Lauridsen" title="Morten Lauridsen">Morten Lauridsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Scott_Momaday" title="N. Scott Momaday">N. Scott Momaday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Noel" title="Craig Noel">Craig Noel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Neuberger" title="Roy Neuberger">Roy Neuberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Paul" title="Les Paul">Les Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Z._Steinway" title="Henry Z. Steinway">Henry Z. Steinway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tooker" title="George Tooker">George Tooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton_Jazz_Festival" title="Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival">Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival</a> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Idaho" title="University of Idaho">University of Idaho</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wyeth" title="Andrew Wyeth">Andrew Wyeth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Sherman" title="Richard M. Sherman">Richard M. Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Sherman" title="Robert B. Sherman">Robert B. Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_de_Havilland" title="Olivia de Havilland">Olivia de Havilland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Jones" title="Hank Jones">Hank Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Moroles" title="Jesús Moroles">Jesús Moroles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford%27s_Theatre" title="Ford's Theatre">Ford's Theatre Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisk_Jubilee_Singers" title="Fisk Jubilee Singers">Fisk Jubilee Singers</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Fisk_University" title="Fisk University">Fisk University</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Lim%C3%B3n" title="José Limón">José Limón Dance Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Presser_Company" title="Theodore Presser Company">The Presser Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Glaser" title="Milton Glaser">Milton Glaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Riley_Jr." title="Joseph P. Riley Jr.">Joseph P. Riley Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stella" title="Frank Stella">Frank Stella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tilson_Thomas" title="Michael Tilson Thomas">Michael Tilson Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberlin_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Oberlin Conservatory of Music">Oberlin Conservatory of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_American_Ballet" title="School of American Ballet">School of American Ballet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recipients_of_the_National_Medal_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of recipients of the National Medal of Arts">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671510#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671510#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671510#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406145315">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/135982740">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4334163-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79033338">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="National Public Radio (Spojené státy americké)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=pna20231192631&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007265832205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="NPR, Inc."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/label/b15712e5-b9ca-480d-85a6-3d21ea2b38ef">MusicBrainz label</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="National Public Radio"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/label/e172754c-ef06-4096-b825-218aa21cb129">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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