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dimensionally stable electrode</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: dimensionally stable electrode"> <meta name="keywords" content="dimensionally stable electrode"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="dimensionally stable electrode"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2412</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: dimensionally stable electrode</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2412</span> Dimensionally Stable Anode as a Bipolar Plate for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaejin%20Han">Jaejin Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinsub%20Choi"> Jinsub Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is a type of redox flow battery which uses vanadium ionic solution as electrolyte. Inside the VRFB, 2.5mm thickness of graphite is generally used as bipolar plate for anti-corrosion of current collector. In this research, thick graphite bipolar plate was substituted by 0.126mm thickness of dimensionally stable anode which was coated with IrO2 on an anodic nanotubular TiO2 substrate. It can provide dimensional advantage over the conventional graphite when the VRFB is used as multi-stack. Ir was coated by using spray coating method in order to enhance electric conductivity. In this study, various electrochemical characterizations were carried out. Cyclic voltammetry data showed activation of Ir in the positive electrode of VRFB. In addition, polarization measurements showed Ir-coated DSA had low overpotential in the positive electrode of VRFB. In cell test results, the DSA-used VRFB showed better efficiency than graphite-used VRFB in voltage and overall efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bipolar%20plate" title="bipolar plate">bipolar plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSA%20%28dimensionally%20stable%20anode%29" title=" DSA (dimensionally stable anode)"> DSA (dimensionally stable anode)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iridium%20oxide%20coating" title=" iridium oxide coating"> iridium oxide coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO2%20nanotubes" title=" TiO2 nanotubes"> TiO2 nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VRFB%20%28vanadium%20redox%20flow%20battery%29" title=" VRFB (vanadium redox flow battery)"> VRFB (vanadium redox flow battery)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36558/dimensionally-stable-anode-as-a-bipolar-plate-for-vanadium-redox-flow-battery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2411</span> Treatment of Oil Recovery Water Using Direct and Indirect Electrochemical Oxidation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tareg%20Omar%20Mansour">Tareg Omar Mansour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Omar%20Elhaji"> Khaled Omar Elhaji </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Model solutions of pentanol in the salt water of various concentrations were subjected to electrochemical oxidation using a dimensionally stable anode (DSA) and a platinised titanium cathode. The removal of pentanol was analysed over time using gas chromatography (GC) and by monitoring the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration of the reaction mixture. It was found that the removal of pentanol occurred more efficiently at higher salinities and higher applied electrical current values. When using a salt concentration of 20,000 ppm and an applied current of 100 mA there was a decrease in concentration of pentanol of 15 %. When the salt concentration and applied current were increased to 58,000 ppm and 500 mA respectively, the decrease in concentration was improved to 64 %. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensionally%20stable%20anode%20%28DSA%29" title="dimensionally stable anode (DSA)">dimensionally stable anode (DSA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20organic%20hydrocarbon%20%28TOC%29" title=" total organic hydrocarbon (TOC)"> total organic hydrocarbon (TOC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20chromatography%20mass%20spectrometry%20%28GCMS%29" title=" gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS)"> gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20oxidation" title=" electrochemical oxidation"> electrochemical oxidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11461/treatment-of-oil-recovery-water-using-direct-and-indirect-electrochemical-oxidation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2410</span> Time "And" Dimension(s) - Visualizing the 4th and 4+ Dimensions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siddharth%20Rana">Siddharth Rana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As we know so far, there are 3 dimensions that we are capable of interpreting and perceiving, and there is a 4th dimension, called time, about which we don’t know much yet. We, as humans, live in the 4th dimension, not the 3rd. We travel 3 dimensionally but cannot yet travel 4 dimensionally; perhaps if we could, then visiting the past and the future would be like climbing a mountain or going down a road. So far, we humans are not even capable of imagining any higher dimensions than the three dimensions in which we can travel. We are the beings of the 4th dimension; we are the beings of time; that is why we can travel 3 dimensionally; however, if, say, there were beings of the 5th dimension, then they would easily be able to travel 4 dimensionally, i.e., they could travel in the 4th dimension as well. Beings of the 5th dimension can easily time travel. However, beings of the 4th dimension, like us, cannot time travel because we live in a 4-D world, traveling 3 dimensionally. That means to ever do time travel, we just need to go to a higher dimension and not only perceive it but also be able to travel in it. However, traveling to the past is not very possible, unlike traveling to the future. Even if traveling to the past were possible, it would be very unlikely that an event in the past would be changed. In this paper, some approaches are provided to define time, our movement in time to the future, some aspects of time travel using dimensions, and how we can perceive a higher dimension. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time" title="time">time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensions" title=" dimensions"> dimensions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=String%20theory" title=" String theory"> String theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relativity" title=" relativity"> relativity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168222/time-and-dimensions-visualizing-the-4th-and-4-dimensions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2409</span> Mathematical Modeling of Switching Processes in Magnetically Controlled MEMS Switches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20M.%20Karabanov">Sergey M. Karabanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20V.%20Suvorov"> Dmitry V. Suvorov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20Yu.%20Tarabrin"> Dmitry Yu. Tarabrin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The operating principle of magnetically controlled microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches is based on controlling the beam movement under the influence of a magnetic field. Currently, there is a MEMS switch design with a flexible ferromagnetic electrode in the form of a fixed-terminal beam, with an electrode fastened on a straight or cranked anchor. The basic performance characteristics of magnetically controlled MEMS switches (service life, sensitivity, contact resistance, fast response) are largely determined by the flexible electrode design. To ensure the stable and controlled motion of the flexible electrode, it is necessary to provide the optimal design of a flexible electrode. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20electrode" title="flexible electrode">flexible electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetically%20controlled%20MEMS" title=" magnetically controlled MEMS"> magnetically controlled MEMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title=" mathematical modeling"> mathematical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20stress" title=" mechanical stress"> mechanical stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99674/mathematical-modeling-of-switching-processes-in-magnetically-controlled-mems-switches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2408</span> Engineering of Stable and Improved Electrochemical Activities of Redox Dominating Charge Storage Electrode Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Girish%20Sambhaji%20Gund">Girish Sambhaji Gund</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The controlled nanostructure growth and its strong coupling with the current collector are key factors to achieve good electrochemical performance of faradaic-dominant electroactive materials. We employed binder-less and additive-free hydrothermal and physical vapor doping methods for the synthesis of nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) based compounds nanostructures (NiO, NiCo2O4, NiCo2S4) deposited on different conductive substrates such as carbon nanotube (CNT) on stainless steel, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and N-doped rGO on nickel foam (NF). The size and density of Ni- and Co-based compound nanostructures are controlled through the strong coupling with carbon allotropes on stainless steel and NF substrates. This controlled nanostructure of Ni- and Co-based compounds with carbon allotropes leads to stable faradaic electrochemical reactions at the material/current collector interface and within the electrode, which is consequence of strong coupling of nanostructure with functionalized carbon surface as a buffer layer. Thus, it is believed that the results provide the synergistic approaches to stabilize electrode materials physically and chemically, and hence overall electrochemical activity of faradaic dominating battery-type electrode materials through buffer layer engineering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20compounds" title="metal compounds">metal compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20allotropes" title=" carbon allotropes"> carbon allotropes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doping" title=" doping"> doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemicstry" title=" electrochemicstry"> electrochemicstry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20supercapacitor" title=" hybrid supercapacitor"> hybrid supercapacitor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171622/engineering-of-stable-and-improved-electrochemical-activities-of-redox-dominating-charge-storage-electrode-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2407</span> Electrochemical Behavior of Cocaine on Carbon Paste Electrode Chemically Modified with Cu(II) Trans 3-MeO Salcn Complex</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20Soares%20Castro">Alex Soares Castro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matheus%20Manoel%20Teles%20de%20Menezes"> Matheus Manoel Teles de Menezes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larissa%20Silva%20de%20Azevedo"> Larissa Silva de Azevedo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Carolina%20Caleffi%20Patelli"> Ana Carolina Caleffi Patelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osmair%20Vital%20de%20Oliveira"> Osmair Vital de Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aline%20Thais%20Bruni"> Aline Thais Bruni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelo%20Firmino%20de%20Oliveira"> Marcelo Firmino de Oliveira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering the problem of the seizure of illicit drugs, as well as the development of electrochemical sensors using chemically modified electrodes, this work shows the study of the electrochemical activity of cocaine in carbon paste electrode chemically modified with Cu (II) trans 3-MeO salcn complex. In this context, cyclic voltammetry was performed on 0.1 mol.L⁻¹ KCl supporting electrolyte at a scan speed of 100 mV s⁻¹, using an electrochemical cell composed of three electrodes: Ag /AgCl electrode (filled KCl 3 mol.L⁻¹) from Metrohm® (reference electrode); a platinum spiral electrode, as an auxiliary electrode, and a carbon paste electrode chemically modified with Cu (II) trans 3-MeO complex (as working electrode). Two forms of cocaine were analyzed: cocaine hydrochloride (pH 3) and cocaine free base form (pH 8). The PM7 computational method predicted that the hydrochloride form is more stable than the free base form of cocaine, so with cyclic voltammetry, we found electrochemical signal only for cocaine in the form of hydrochloride, with an anodic peak at 1.10 V, with a linearity range between 2 and 20 μmol L⁻¹ had LD and LQ of 2.39 and 7.26x10-5 mol L⁻¹, respectively. The study also proved that cocaine is adsorbed on the surface of the working electrode, where through an irreversible process, where only anode peaks are observed, we have the oxidation of cocaine, which occurs in the hydrophilic region due to the loss of two electrons. The mechanism of this reaction was confirmed by the ab-inito quantum method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ab-initio%20computational%20method" title="ab-initio computational method">ab-initio computational method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20method" title=" analytical method"> analytical method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cocaine" title=" cocaine"> cocaine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schiff%20base%20complex" title=" Schiff base complex"> Schiff base complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltammetry" title=" voltammetry"> voltammetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93544/electrochemical-behavior-of-cocaine-on-carbon-paste-electrode-chemically-modified-with-cuii-trans-3-meo-salcn-complex" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2406</span> Simple Fabrication of Au (111)-Like Electrode and Its Applications to Electrochemical Determination of Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahrah%20Thamer%20Althagafi">Zahrah Thamer Althagafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20I.%20Awad"> Mohamed I. Awad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A simple method for the fabrication of Au (111)-like electrode via controlled reductive desorption of a pre-adsorbed cysteine monolayer onto polycrystalline gold (poly-Au) electrode is introduced. Then, the voltammetric behaviour of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) on the thus modified electrode is investigated. Electrochemical characterization of the modified electrode is achieved using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. For the binary mixture of DA and AA, the results showed that Au (111)-like electrode exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of DA and AA. This allows highly selective and simultaneous determination of DA and AA. The effect of various experimental parameters on the voltammetric responses of DA and AA was investigated. The enrichment of the Au (111) facet of the poly-Au electrode is thought to be behind the electrocatalytic activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20electrode" title="gold electrode">gold electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroanalysis" title=" electroanalysis"> electroanalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocatalysis" title=" electrocatalysis"> electrocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monolayers" title=" monolayers"> monolayers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-assembly" title=" self-assembly"> self-assembly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cysteine" title=" cysteine"> cysteine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title=" dopamine"> dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ascorbic%20acid" title=" ascorbic acid"> ascorbic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117052/simple-fabrication-of-au-111-like-electrode-and-its-applications-to-electrochemical-determination-of-dopamine-and-ascorbic-acid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2405</span> Aging Time Effect of 58s Microstructure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nattawipa%20Pakasri">Nattawipa Pakasri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 58S (60SiO2-36CaO-4P2O5), three-dimensionally ordered macroporous bioactive glasses (3DOM-BGs) were synthesized by the sol-gel method using dual templating methods. non-ionic surfactant Brij56 used as templates component produced mesoporous and the spherical PMMA colloidal crystals as one template component yielded either three-dimensionally ordered microporous products or shaped bioactive glass nanoparticles. The bioactive glass with aging step for 12 h at room temperature, no structure transformation occurred and the 3DOM structure was produced (Figure a) due to no shrinkage process between the aging step. After 48 h time of o 3DOM structure remained and, nanocube with ∼120 nm edge lengths and nanosphere particle with ∼50 nm was obtained (Figure c, d). PMMA packing templates have octahedral and tetrahedral holes to make 2 final shapes of 3DOM-BGs which is rounded and cubic, respectively. The ageing time change from 12h, 24h and 48h affected to the thickness of interconnecting macropores network. The wall thickness was gradually decrease after increase aging time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-dimensionally%20ordered%20macroporous%20bioactive%20glasses" title="three-dimensionally ordered macroporous bioactive glasses">three-dimensionally ordered macroporous bioactive glasses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel%20method" title=" sol-gel method"> sol-gel method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMMA" title=" PMMA"> PMMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactive%20glass" title=" bioactive glass"> bioactive glass</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121415/aging-time-effect-of-58s-microstructure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2404</span> An Automated Sensor System for Cochlear Implants Electrode Array Insertion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Hou">Lei Hou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinli%20Du"> Xinli Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolaos%20Boulgouris"> Nikolaos Boulgouris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A cochlear implant, referred to as a CI, is a small electronic device that can provide direct electrical stimulation to the auditory nerve. During cochlear implant surgery, atraumatic electrode array insertion is considered to be a crucial step. However, during implantation, the mechanical behaviour of an electrode array inside the cochlea is not known. The behaviour of an electrode array inside of the cochlea is hardly identified by regular methods. In this study, a CI electrode array capacitive sensor system is proposed. It is able to automatically determine the array state as a result of the capacitance variations. Instead of applying sensors to the electrode array, the capacitance information from the electrodes will be gathered and analysed. Results reveal that this sensing method is capable of recognising different states when fed into a pre-shaped model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cochlear%20implant" title="cochlear implant">cochlear implant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode" title=" electrode"> electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hearing%20preservation" title=" hearing preservation"> hearing preservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insertion%20force" title=" insertion force"> insertion force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitive%20sensing" title=" capacitive sensing"> capacitive sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80147/an-automated-sensor-system-for-cochlear-implants-electrode-array-insertion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2403</span> Using Tyre Ash as Ground Resistance Improvement Material-Health and Environmental Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Eduful">George Eduful</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominic%20Yeboah"> Dominic Yeboah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kingsford%20Joseph%20A.%20Atanga"> Kingsford Joseph A. Atanga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of tyre ash as backfill material for ground electrode has been found to provide ultra-low and stable ground resistance value for grounding systems. However, health and environmental concerns have been expressed regarding its application. To address these concerns, the paper investigates chemical contents of the tyre ash and compares them to levels considered non-hazardous to health and the environment. It was found that the levels of the pollutant agents in the tyre ash were within the recommended safety margins. The rate of ground electrode corrosion in tyre ash material was also investigated. It was found that the effect of corrosion and the life of electrode can be extended if the tyre ash is mixed with cement. For best results, a ratio of 10 portions of tyre ash to 1 portion of cement is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tyre%20ash" title="tyre ash">tyre ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scrapped%20tyre" title=" scrapped tyre"> scrapped tyre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20resistance%20reducing%20agent" title=" ground resistance reducing agent"> ground resistance reducing agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rate%20of%20corrosion" title=" rate of corrosion"> rate of corrosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45917/using-tyre-ash-as-ground-resistance-improvement-material-health-and-environmental-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2402</span> Study of Parameters Affecting the Electrostatic Attractions Force</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahid%20Sabermand">Vahid Sabermand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousef%20Hojjat"> Yousef Hojjat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Hasanzadeh"> Majid Hasanzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper contains two main parts. In the first part of paper we simulated and studied three type of electrode patterns used in various industries for suspension and handling of the semiconductor and glass and we selected the best pattern by evaluating the electrostatic force, which was comb pattern electrode. In the second part, we investigated the parameters affecting the amount of electrostatic force such as the gap between surface and electrode (g), the electrode width (w), the gap between electrodes (t), the surface permittivity and electrode Length and methods of improvement of adhesion force by changing these values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrostatic%20force" title="electrostatic force">electrostatic force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrostatic%20adhesion" title=" electrostatic adhesion"> electrostatic adhesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrostatic%20chuck" title=" electrostatic chuck"> electrostatic chuck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrostatic%20application%20in%20industry" title=" electrostatic application in industry"> electrostatic application in industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroadhesive%20grippers" title=" electroadhesive grippers"> electroadhesive grippers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16573/study-of-parameters-affecting-the-electrostatic-attractions-force" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2401</span> Investigation of the Effect of Nickel Electrodes as a Stainless Steel Buffer Layer on the Shielded Metal Arc Welding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meisam%20Akbari">Meisam Akbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Hossein%20Elahi"> Seyed Hossein Elahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Mashadgarmeh"> Mohammad Mashadgarmeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the effect of nickel-electrode as a stainless steel buffer layer is considered. Then, the effect of dilution of the last layer of welding on two samples of steel plate A516 Gr70 (C-Mn-Si) with SMAW welding process was investigated. Then, in a sample, the ENI-cl nickel electrode was welded as the buffer layer and the E316L-16 electrode as the last layer of welding and another sample with an E316L-16 electrode in two layers. The chemical composition of the latter layer was determined by spectrophotometry method. The results indicate that the chemical composition of the latter layer is different and the lowest dilution rate is obtained using the nickel electrode. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20dilution" title="degree of dilution">degree of dilution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C-Mn-Si" title=" C-Mn-Si"> C-Mn-Si</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrometry" title=" spectrometry"> spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20electrode" title=" nickel electrode"> nickel electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel" title=" stainless steel"> stainless steel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106351/investigation-of-the-effect-of-nickel-electrodes-as-a-stainless-steel-buffer-layer-on-the-shielded-metal-arc-welding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2400</span> Copper/Nickel Sulfide Catalyst Electrodeposited on Nickel Foam for Efficient Water Splitting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamad%20Almohamadi">Hamad Almohamadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabeel%20Alharthi"> Nabeel Alharthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majed%20Alamoudi"> Majed Alamoudi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biphasic electrodes featuring CuSx/NiSx electrodeposited on nickel foam have been investigated for their electrocatalytic activity in water splitting. The study investigates the impacts of an S-vacancy induced biphasic design on the overpotential and Tafel slope. According to the findings, the NiSx/CuSx/NF electrode with S-vacancy defects displays stronger oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity with lower overpotential and a steeper Tafel slope than the non-defect sample. NiSx/CuSx/NF exhibits the lowest overpotential value of 212 mV vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) for OER and −109 mV vs RHE for HER at 10 mA cm−2. Tafel slope of 25.4 mV dec−1 for OER and −108 mV dec−1 for OER found of that electrode. The electrochemical surface area (ECSA) and diffusion impedance of the electrode is calculated. The maximum ECSA, lowest series resistance and lowest charge transfer resistance are found in the *NiSx/CuSx/NF sample with S-vacancy defects, showing increased electrical conductivity and quick charge transfer kinetics. The *NiSx/CuSx/NF electrode was found to be stable for 80 hours in pure water splitting and 20 hours in sea-water splitting. The investigation comes to the conclusion that the enhanced water splitting activity and electrical conductivity of the electrode are caused by S-vacancy defects resulting in improved water splitting performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20splitting" title="water splitting">water splitting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocatalyst" title=" electrocatalyst"> electrocatalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biphasic%20design" title=" biphasic design"> biphasic design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrodeposition" title=" electrodeposition"> electrodeposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165992/coppernickel-sulfide-catalyst-electrodeposited-on-nickel-foam-for-efficient-water-splitting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2399</span> Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Copper (II) at the Tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0) MWCNT Paste Electrode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Illyas%20Isa">Illyas Isa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Idris%20Saidin"> Mohamad Idris Saidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustaffa%20Ahmad"> Mustaffa Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhayati%20Hashim"> Norhayati Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A highly selective and sensitive electrode for determination of trace amounts of Cu (II) using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was proposed. The electrode was made of the paste of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and 2,6–diacetylpyridine-di-(1R)–(-)–fenchone diazine tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0) at 100:5 (w/w). Under optimal conditions the electrode showed a linear relationship with concentration in the range of 1.0 × 10–10 to 1.0 × 10– 6 M Cu (II) and limit of detection 8.0 × 10–11 M Cu (II). The relative standard deviation (n = 5) of response to 1.0 × 10–6 M Cu(II) was 0.036. The interferences of cations such as Ni(II), Mg(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Hg(II), and Zn(II) (in 10 and 100-folds concentration) are negligible except from Pb (II). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that the charge transfer at the electrode-solution interface was favorable. Result of analysis of Cu(II) in several water samples agreed well with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The proposed electrode was then recommended as an alternative to spectroscopic technique in analyzing Cu (II). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemically%20modified%20electrode" title="chemically modified electrode">chemically modified electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu%28II%29" title=" Cu(II)"> Cu(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Square%20wave%20anodic%20stripping%20voltammetry" title=" Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry"> Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetracarbonylmolybdenum%280%29" title=" tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0)"> tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45191/square-wave-anodic-stripping-voltammetry-of-copper-ii-at-the-tetracarbonylmolybdenum0-mwcnt-paste-electrode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2398</span> Eu³⁺ PVC Membrane Sensor Based on 1,2-Diaminopropane-N,N,N',N'-Tetraacetic Acid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noshin%20Mehrabian">Noshin Mehrabian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Abedi"> Mohammad Reza Abedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Ali%20Zamani"> Hassan Ali Zamani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A highly selective poly(vinyl chloride)-based membrane sensor produced by using 1,2-Diaminopropane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (DAPTA) as active material is described. The electrode displays Nernstian behavior over the concentration range 1.0×10⁻⁶ to 1.0×10⁻² M. The detection limit of the electrode is 7.2×10⁻⁷ M. The best performance was obtained with the membrane containing 30% polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 65% nitrobenzene (NB), 2% sodium tetra phenyl borate (Na TPB), 3% DAPTA. The potentiometric response of the proposed electrode is pH independent in the range of 2.5–‎‎9.1. ‎The proposed sensor displays a fast response time 'less than 10s'. The electrode shows a good selectivity for Eu (III) ion with respect to most common cations including alkali, alkaline earth, transition, and heavy metal ions. It was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric ‎titration of 25 mL of a 1.0×10⁻⁴ M Eu (III) solution with a 1.0×10⁻² M EDTA solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potentiometry" title="potentiometry">potentiometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVC%20membrane" title=" PVC membrane"> PVC membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion-selective%20electrode" title=" ion-selective electrode"> ion-selective electrode</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89958/eu3-pvc-membrane-sensor-based-on-12-diaminopropane-nnnn-tetraacetic-acid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2397</span> Ion Beam Induced 2D Mesophase Patterning of Nanocrystallites in Polymer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srutirekha%20Giri">Srutirekha Giri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoranjan%20Sahoo"> Manoranjan Sahoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anuradha%20Das"> Anuradha Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pravanjan%20Mallick"> Pravanjan Mallick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biswajit%20Mallick"> Biswajit Mallick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ion Beam (IB) technique is a very powerful experimental technique for both material synthesis and material modifications. In this work, 3MeV proton beam was generated using the 3MV Tandem machine of the Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar and extracted into air for the irradiation-induced modification purpose[1]. The polymeric material can be modeled for a three-phase system viz. crystalline(I), amorphous(II) and mesomorphic(III). So far, our knowledge is concerned. There are only few techniques reported for the synthesis of this third-phase(III) of polymer. The IB induced technique is one of them and has been reported very recently [2-4]. It was observed that by irradiating polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber at very low proton fluence, 10¹⁰ - 10¹² p/s, possess 2D mesophase structure. This was confirmed using X-ray diffraction technique. A low-intensity broad peak was observed at small angle of about 2θ =6º, when the fiber axis was mounted parallel to the X-ray direction. Such peak vanished in the diffraction spectrum when the fiber axis was mounted perpendicular to the beam direction. The appearance of this extra peak in a particular orientation confirms that the phase is 2-dimensionally oriented (mesophase). It is well known that the mesophase is a 2-dimensionally ordered structure but 3-dimensionally disordered. Again, the crystallite of the mesophase peak particle was measured about 3nm. The MeV proton-induced 2D mesophase patterning of nanocrystallites (3nm) of PET due to irradiation was observed within the above low fluence range and failed in high proton fluence. This is mainly due to the breaking of crystallites, radiation-induced thermal degradation, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ion%20irradiation" title="Ion irradiation">Ion irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesophase" title=" mesophase"> mesophase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystallites" title=" nanocrystallites"> nanocrystallites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer" title=" polymer"> polymer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143365/ion-beam-induced-2d-mesophase-patterning-of-nanocrystallites-in-polymer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2396</span> Sensitive Determination of Copper(II) by Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with Tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0) Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Illyas%20Md%20Isa">Illyas Md Isa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Idris%20Saidin"> Mohamad Idris Saidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustaffa%20Ahmad"> Mustaffa Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhayati%20Hashim"> Norhayati Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A highly selective and sensitive carbon paste electrode modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes and 2,6–diacetylpyridine-di-(1R)–(-)–fenchone diazine tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0) complex was used for determination of trace amounts of Cu(II) using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The influences of experimental variables on the proposed electrode such as pH, supporting electrolyte, preconcentration potential and time, and square wave parameters were investigated. Under optimal conditions, the proposed electrode showed a linear relationship with concentration in the range of 1.0 × 10–10 to 1.0 × 10– 6 M Cu(II) with a limit of detection 8.0 × 10–11 M. The relative standard deviation (n = 5) for a solution containing 1.0 × 10– 6 M of Cu(II) was 0.036. The presence of various cations (in 10 and 100-folds concentration) did not interfere. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that the charge transfer at the electrode-solution interface was favourable. The proposed electrode was applied for the determination of Cu(II) in several water samples. Results agreed very well with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The modified electrode was then proposed as an alternative for determination of Cu(II). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemically%20modified%20electrode" title="chemically modified electrode">chemically modified electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu%28II%29" title=" Cu(II)"> Cu(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20wave%20anodic%20stripping%20voltammetry" title=" square wave anodic stripping voltammetry"> square wave anodic stripping voltammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetracarbonylmolybdenum%280%29" title=" tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0)"> tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37515/sensitive-determination-of-copperii-by-square-wave-anodic-stripping-voltammetry-with-tetracarbonylmolybdenum0-multiwalled-carbon-nanotube-paste-electrode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2395</span> In-Vitro Evaluation of the Long-Term Stability of PEDOT:PSS Coated Microelectrodes for Chronic Recording and Electrical Stimulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Schander">A. Schander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Tessmann"> T. Tessmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Stemmann"> H. Stemmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Strokov"> S. Strokov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kreiter"> A. Kreiter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Lang"> W. Lang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For the chronic application of neural prostheses and other brain-computer interfaces, long-term stable microelectrodes for electrical stimulation are essential. In recent years many developments were done to investigate different appropriate materials for these electrodes. One of these materials is the electrical conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), which has lower impedance and higher charge injection capacity compared to noble metals like gold and platinum. However the long-term stability of this polymer is still unclear. Thus this paper reports on the in-vitro evaluation of the long-term stability of PEDOT coated gold microelectrodes. For this purpose a highly flexible electrocorticography (ECoG) electrode array, based on the polymer polyimide, is used. This array consists of circular gold electrodes with a diameter of 560 µm (0.25 mm2). In total 25 electrodes of this array were coated simultaneously with the polymer PEDOT:PSS in a cleanroom environment using a galvanostatic electropolymerization process. After the coating the array is additionally sterilized using a steam sterilization process (121°C, 1 bar, 20.5 min) to simulate autoclaving prior to the implantation of such an electrode array. The long-term measurements were performed in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS, pH 7.4) at the constant body temperature of 37°C. For the in-vitro electrical stimulation a one channel bipolar current stimulator is used. The stimulation protocol consists of a bipolar current amplitude of 5 mA (cathodal phase first), a pulse duration of 100 µs per phase, a pulse pause of 50 µs and a frequency of 1 kHz. A PEDOT:PSS coated gold electrode with an area of 1 cm2 serves as the counter electrode. The electrical stimulation is performed continuously with a total amount of 86.4 million bipolar current pulses per day. The condition of the PEDOT coated electrodes is monitored in between with electrical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results of this study demonstrate that the PEDOT coated electrodes are stable for more than 3.6 billion bipolar current pulses. Also the unstimulated electrodes show currently no degradation after the time period of 5 months. These results indicate an appropriate long-term stability of this electrode coating for chronic recording and electrical stimulation. The long-term measurements are still continuing to investigate the life limit of this electrode coating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20recording" title="chronic recording">chronic recording</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20stimulation" title=" electrical stimulation"> electrical stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long-term%20stability" title=" long-term stability"> long-term stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microelectrodes" title=" microelectrodes"> microelectrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEDOT" title=" PEDOT"> PEDOT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38433/in-vitro-evaluation-of-the-long-term-stability-of-pedotpss-coated-microelectrodes-for-chronic-recording-and-electrical-stimulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">586</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2394</span> A Polyimide Based Split-Ring Neural Interface Electrode for Neural Signal Recording</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ning%20Xue">Ning Xue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srinivas%20Merugu"> Srinivas Merugu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ignacio%20Delgado%20Martinez"> Ignacio Delgado Martinez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Sun"> Tao Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Tsang"> John Tsang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shih-Cheng%20Yen"> Shih-Cheng Yen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have developed a polyimide based neural interface electrode to record nerve signals from the sciatic nerve of a rat. The neural interface electrode has a split-ring shape, with four protruding gold electrodes for recording, and two reference gold electrodes around the split-ring. The split-ring electrode can be opened up to encircle the sciatic nerve. The four electrodes can be bent to sit on top of the nerve and hold the device in position, while the split-ring frame remains flat. In comparison, while traditional cuff electrodes can only fit certain sizes of the nerve, the developed device can fit a variety of rat sciatic nerve dimensions from 0.6 mm to 1.0 mm, and adapt to the chronic changes in the nerve as the electrode tips are bendable. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement was conducted. The gold electrode impedance is on the order of 10 kΩ, showing excellent charge injection capacity to record neural signals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impedance" title="impedance">impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20interface" title=" neural interface"> neural interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=split-ring%20electrode" title=" split-ring electrode"> split-ring electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20signal%20recording" title=" neural signal recording"> neural signal recording</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6287/a-polyimide-based-split-ring-neural-interface-electrode-for-neural-signal-recording" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2393</span> The Chemical Transport Mechanism of Emitter Micro-Particles in Tungsten Electrode: A Metallurgical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Singh">G. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.Schuster"> H.Schuster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20F%C3%BCssel"> U. Füssel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stability of electric arc and durability of electrode tip used in Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding demand a metallurgical study about the chemical transport mechanism of emitter oxide particles in tungsten electrode during its real welding conditions. The tungsten electrodes doped with emitter oxides of rare earth oxides such as La₂O₃, Th₂O₃, Y₂O₃, CeO₂ and ZrO₂ feature a comparatively lower work function than tungsten and thus have superior emission characteristics due to lesser surface temperature of the cathode. The local change in concentration of these emitter particles in tungsten electrode due to high temperature diffusion (chemical transport) can change its functional properties like electrode temperature, work function, electron emission, and stability of the electrode tip shape. The resulting increment in tip surface temperature results in the electrode material loss. It was also observed that the tungsten recrystallizes to large grains at high temperature. When the shape of grain boundaries are granular in shape, the intergranular diffusion of oxide emitter particles takes more time to reach the electrode surface. In the experimental work, the microstructure of the used electrode's tip surface will be studied by scanning electron microscope and reflective X-ray technique in order to gauge the extent of the diffusion and chemical reaction of emitter particles. Besides, a simulated model is proposed to explain the effect of oxide particles diffusion on the electrode’s microstructure, electron emission characteristics, and electrode tip erosion. This model suggests metallurgical modifications in tungsten electrode to enhance its erosion resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare-earth%20emitter%20particles" title="rare-earth emitter particles">rare-earth emitter particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature-dependent%20diffusion" title=" temperature-dependent diffusion"> temperature-dependent diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TIG%20welding" title=" TIG welding"> TIG welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tungsten%20electrode" title=" Tungsten electrode"> Tungsten electrode</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89406/the-chemical-transport-mechanism-of-emitter-micro-particles-in-tungsten-electrode-a-metallurgical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2392</span> Fabrication and Characteristics of Ni Doped Titania Nanotubes by Electrochemical Anodization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Tirano">J. Tirano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Zea"> H. Zea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Luhrs"> C. Luhrs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well known that titanium dioxide is a semiconductor with several applications in photocatalytic process. Its band gap makes it very interesting in the photoelectrodes manufacturing used in photoelectrochemical cells for hydrogen production, a clean and environmentally friendly fuel. The synthesis of 1D titanium dioxide nanostructures, such as nanotubes, makes possible to produce more efficient photoelectrodes for solar energy to hydrogen conversion. In essence, this is because it increases the charge transport rate, decreasing recombination options. However, its principal constraint is to be mainly sensitive to UV range, which represents a very low percentage of solar radiation that reaches earth's surface. One of the alternatives to modifying the TiO2’s band gap and improving its photoactivity under visible light irradiation is to dope the nanotubes with transition metals. This option requires fabricating efficient nanostructured photoelectrodes with controlled morphology and specific properties able to offer a suitable surface area for metallic doping. Hence, currently one of the central challenges in photoelectrochemical cells is the construction of nanomaterials with a proper band position for driving the reaction while absorbing energy over the VIS spectrum. This research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of Nidoped TiO2 nanotubes for improving its photocatalytic activity in solar energy conversion applications. Initially, titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) with controlled morphology were synthesized by two-step potentiostatic anodization of titanium foil. The anodization was carried out at room temperature in an electrolyte composed of ammonium fluoride, deionized water and ethylene glycol. Consequent thermal annealing of as-prepared TNTs was conducted in the air between 450 °C - 550 °C. Afterwards, the nanotubes were superficially modified by nickel deposition. Morphology and crystalline phase of the samples were carried out by SEM, EDS and XRD analysis before and after nickel deposition. Determining the photoelectrochemical performance of photoelectrodes is based on typical electrochemical characterization techniques. Also, the morphological characterization associated electrochemical behavior analysis were discussed to establish the effect of nickel nanoparticles modification on the TiO2 nanotubes. The methodology proposed in this research allows using other transition metal for nanotube surface modification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensionally%20stable%20electrode" title="dimensionally stable electrode">dimensionally stable electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20nanoparticles" title=" nickel nanoparticles"> nickel nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo-electrode" title=" photo-electrode"> photo-electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO%E2%82%82%20nanotubes" title=" TiO₂ nanotubes"> TiO₂ nanotubes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85224/fabrication-and-characteristics-of-ni-doped-titania-nanotubes-by-electrochemical-anodization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2391</span> Studies on the Feasibility of Cow’s Urine as Non-Conventional Energy Sources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20Kumar%20Rajak">Raj Kumar Rajak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharat%20Mishra"> Bharat Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bio-batteries represent an entirely new long-term, reasonable, reachable, and eco-friendly approach to generation of sustainable energy. In the present experimental work, we have studied the effect of the generation of power by bio-battery using different electrode pairs. The tests show that it is possible to generate electricity using cow’s urine as an electrolyte. C-Mg electrode pair shows maximum Voltage and Short Circuit Current (SCC), while C-Zn electrode pair shows less Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) and SCC. By the studies of cow urine and different electrodes, it is found that C-Zn electrode battery is more economical. The cow urine battery with C-Zn electrode provides maximum power (707.4 mW) and durability (up to 145 h). This result shows that the bio-batteries have the potency to full fill the need of electricity demand for lower energy equipment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-batteries" title="bio-batteries">bio-batteries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cow%27s%20urine" title=" cow's urine"> cow's urine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrodes" title=" electrodes"> electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-conventional" title=" non-conventional"> non-conventional</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92684/studies-on-the-feasibility-of-cows-urine-as-non-conventional-energy-sources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2390</span> The Methods of Immobilization of Laccase for Direct Transfer in an Enzymatic Fuel Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshin%20Farahbakhsh">Afshin Farahbakhsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoda%20Khodadadi"> Hoda Khodadadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we compare five methods of biological fuel cell fabrication by combining a Shewanella oneidensis microbial anode and a laccase-modified air-breathing cathode. As a result of biofuel cell laccase with graphite nanofibers, carbon surface (PAMAN) on the pt/hpg electrode, graphite sheets MWCNT and with (PG) and (MWCNT) showed, respectively. Describes methods for creating controllable and reproducible bio-anodes and demonstrates the versatility of hybrid biological fuel cells. The laccase-based biocathodes prepared either with the crude extract or with the purified enzyme can provide electrochemically active and stable biomaterials. The laccase-based biocathodes prepared either with the crude extract or with the purified enzyme can provide electrochemically active and stable biomaterials. When the device was fed with transdermal extracts, containing only 30μM of glucose, the average peak power was proportionally lower (0.004mW). The result of biofuel cell with graphite nanofibers showed the enzymatic fuel cell reaches 0.5 V at open circuit voltage with both, ethanol and methanol and the maximum current density observed for E2electrode was 228.94mAcm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymatic%20electrode" title="enzymatic electrode">enzymatic electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell" title=" fuel cell"> fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title=" immobilization"> immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laccase" title=" laccase"> laccase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52042/the-methods-of-immobilization-of-laccase-for-direct-transfer-in-an-enzymatic-fuel-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2389</span> Modelling Medieval Vaults: Digital Simulation of the North Transept Vault of St Mary, Nantwich, England</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Webb">N. Webb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Buchanan"> A. Buchanan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital and virtual heritage is often associated with the recreation of lost artefacts and architecture; however, we can also investigate works that were not completed, using digital tools and techniques. Here we explore physical evidence of a fourteenth-century Gothic vault located in the north transept of St Mary’s church in Nantwich, Cheshire, using existing springer stones that are built into the walls as a starting point. Digital surveying tools are used to document the architecture, followed by an analysis process to hypothesise and simulate possible design solutions, had the vault been completed. A number of options, both two-dimensionally and three-dimensionally, are discussed based on comparison with examples of other contemporary vaults, thus adding another specimen to the corpus of vault designs. Dissemination methods such as digital models and 3D prints are also explored as possible resources for demonstrating what the finished vault might have looked like for heritage interpretation and other purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20simulation" title="digital simulation">digital simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage%20interpretation" title=" heritage interpretation"> heritage interpretation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medieval%20vaults" title=" medieval vaults"> medieval vaults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20heritage" title=" virtual heritage"> virtual heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3d%20scanning" title=" 3d scanning"> 3d scanning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55632/modelling-medieval-vaults-digital-simulation-of-the-north-transept-vault-of-st-mary-nantwich-england" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2388</span> Environmental Pb-Free Cu Front Electrode for Si-Base Solar Cell Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Hsi%20Lee">Wen-Hsi Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.G.%20Kao"> C.G. Kao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, Cu paste was prepared and printed with narrow line screen printing process on polycrystalline Si solar cell which has already finished the back Al printing and deposition of double anti-reflection coatings (DARCs). Then, two-step firing process was applied to sinter the front electrode and obtain the ohmic contact between front electrode and solar cell. The first step was in air atmosphere. In this process, PbO-based glass frit etched the DARCs and Ag recrystallized at the surface of Si, constructing the preliminary contact. The second step was in reducing atmosphere. In this process, CuO reduced to Cu and sintered. Besides, Ag nanoparticles recrystallized in the glass layer at interface due to the interactions between H2, Ag and PbO-based glass frit and the volatility of Pb, constructing the ohmic contact between electrode and solar cell. By experiment and analysis, reaction mechanism in each stage was surmised, and it was also proven that ohmic contact and good sheet resistance for front electrode could both be obtained by applying newly-invented paste and process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=front%20electrode" title="front electrode">front electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cell" title=" solar cell"> solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ohmic%20contact" title=" ohmic contact"> ohmic contact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screen%20printing" title=" screen printing"> screen printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paste" title=" paste"> paste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32923/environmental-pb-free-cu-front-electrode-for-si-base-solar-cell-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2387</span> Comparison of Transparent Nickel Doped Cobalt Sulfide and Platinum Counter Electrodes Used in Quasi-Solid State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitra%20Sygkridou">Dimitra Sygkridou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitrios%20Karageorgopoulos"> Dimitrios Karageorgopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elias%20Stathatos"> Elias Stathatos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evangelos%20Vitoratos"> Evangelos Vitoratos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transparent nickel doped cobalt sulfide was fabricated on a SnO2:F electrode and tested as an efficient electrocatalyst and as an alternative to the expensive platinum counter electrode. In order to investigate how this electrode could affect the electrical characteristics of a dye-sensitized solar cell, we manufactured cells with the same TiO2 photoanode sensitized with dye (N719) and employing the same quasi-solid electrolyte, altering only the counter electrode used. The cells were electrically and electrochemically characterized and it was observed that the ones with the Ni doped CoS2 outperformed the efficiency of the cells with the Pt counter electrode (3.76% and 3.44% respectively). Particularly, the higher efficiency of the cells with the Ni doped CoS2 counter electrode (CE) is mainly because of the enhanced photocurrent density which is attributed to the enhanced electrocatalytic ability of the CE and the low charge transfer resistance at the CE/electrolyte interface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20doped%20cobalt%20sulfide" title="nickel doped cobalt sulfide">nickel doped cobalt sulfide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counter%20electrodes" title=" counter electrodes"> counter electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye-sensitized%20solar%20cells" title=" dye-sensitized solar cells"> dye-sensitized solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-solid%20state%20electrolyte" title=" quasi-solid state electrolyte"> quasi-solid state electrolyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20organic-inorganic%20materials" title=" hybrid organic-inorganic materials"> hybrid organic-inorganic materials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29157/comparison-of-transparent-nickel-doped-cobalt-sulfide-and-platinum-counter-electrodes-used-in-quasi-solid-state-dye-sensitized-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">760</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2386</span> A Virtual Electrode through Summation of Time Offset Pulses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20Cassar">Isaac Cassar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trevor%20Davis"> Trevor Davis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Kai%20Lo"> Yi-Kai Lo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wentai%20Liu"> Wentai Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Retinal prostheses have been successful in eliciting visual responses in implanted subjects. As these prostheses progress, one of their major limitations is the need for increased resolution. As an alternative to increasing the number of electrodes, virtual electrodes may be used to increase the effective resolution of current electrode arrays. This paper presents a virtual electrode technique based upon time-offsets between stimuli. Two adjacent electrodes are stimulated with identical pulses with too short of pulse widths to activate a neuron, but one has a time offset of one pulse width. A virtual electrode of twice the pulse width was then shown to appear in the center, with a total width capable of activating a neuron. This can be used in retinal implants by stimulating electrodes with pulse widths short enough to not elicit responses in neurons, but with their combined pulse width adequate to activate a neuron in between them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20stimulation" title="electrical stimulation">electrical stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroprosthesis" title=" neuroprosthesis"> neuroprosthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retinal%20implant" title=" retinal implant"> retinal implant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retinal%20prosthesis" title=" retinal prosthesis"> retinal prosthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20electrode" title=" virtual electrode"> virtual electrode</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14443/a-virtual-electrode-through-summation-of-time-offset-pulses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14443.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2385</span> Studies on the Feasibility of Cow Dung as a Non-Conventional Energy Source</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20Kumar%20Rajak">Raj Kumar Rajak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharat%20Mishra"> Bharat Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bio-batteries represent an entirely new long-term, reasonable, reachable and ecofriendly approach to produce sustainable energy. In the present experimental work, we have studied the effect of generation of power by bio-battery using different electrode pairs. The tests show that it is possible to generate electricity using cow dung as an electrolyte. C-Mg electrode pair shows maximum voltage and SCC (Short Circuit Current) while C-Zn electrode pair shows less OCV (Open Circuit Voltage) and SCC. We have chosen C-Zn electrodes because Mg electrodes are not economical. By the studies of different electrodes and cow dung, it is found that C-Zn electrode battery is more suitable. This result shows that the bio-batteries have the potency to full fill the need of electricity demand for lower energy equipment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-batteries" title="bio-batteries">bio-batteries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electricity" title=" electricity"> electricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cow-dung" title=" cow-dung"> cow-dung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrodes" title=" electrodes"> electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-conventional" title=" non-conventional"> non-conventional</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82579/studies-on-the-feasibility-of-cow-dung-as-a-non-conventional-energy-source" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2384</span> Fabrication of Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon-Nanotubes Paper Electrode for Simultaneous Detection of Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tze-Sian%20Pui">Tze-Sian Pui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aung%20Than"> Aung Than</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song-Wei%20Loo"> Song-Wei Loo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Li%20Hoe"> Yuan-Li Hoe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A paper-based electrode devised from an array of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) has been successfully developed for the simultaneous detection of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The PDDA/MWNTs electrodes were fabricated by allowing PDDA to absorb onto the surface of carboxylated MWNTs, followed by drop-casting the resulting mixture onto a paper. Cyclic voltammetry performed using 5 mM [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻/⁴⁻ as the redox marker showed that the PDDA/MWNTs electrode has higher redox activity compared to non-functionalized carboxylated MWNT electrode. Differential pulse voltammetry was conducted with DA concentration ranging from 2 µM to 500 µM in the presence of 1 mM AA. The distinctive potential of 0.156 and -0.068 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) measured on the surface of the PDDA/MWNTs electrode revealed that both DA and AA were oxidized. The detection limit of DA was estimated to be 0.8 µM. This nanocomposite paper-based electrode has great potential for future applications in bioanalysis and biomedicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title="dopamine">dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20pulse%20voltammetry" title=" differential pulse voltammetry"> differential pulse voltammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paper%20sensor" title=" paper sensor"> paper sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotube" title=" carbon nanotube"> carbon nanotube</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118121/fabrication-of-functionalized-multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes-paper-electrode-for-simultaneous-detection-of-dopamine-and-ascorbic-acid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2383</span> Facile Synthesis of CuO Nanosheets on Cu Foil for H2O2 Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Kuei%20Hsu">Yu-Kuei Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan-Gu%20Lin"> Yan-Gu Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A facile and simple fabrication of copper(II) oxide (CuO) nanosheet on copper foil as nanoelectrode for H2O2 sensing application was proposed in this study. The spontaneous formation of CuO nanosheets by immersing the copper foil into 0.1 M NaOH aqueous solution for 48 hrs was carried out at room temperature. The sheet-like morphology with several ten nanometers in thickness and ~500 nm in width was observed by SEM. Those nanosheets were confirmed the monoclinic-phase CuO by the structural analysis of XRD and Raman spectra. The directly grown CuO nanosheets film is mechanically stable and offers an excellent electrochemical sensing platform. The CuO nanosheets electrode shows excellent electrocatalytic response to H2O2 with significantly lower overpotentials for its oxidation and reduction and also exhibits a fast response and high sensitivity for the amperometric detection of H2O2. The novel spontaneously grown CuO nanosheets electrode is readily applicable to other analytes and has great potential applications in the electrochemical detection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CuO" title="CuO">CuO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanosheets" title=" nanosheets"> nanosheets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H2O2%20detection" title=" H2O2 detection"> H2O2 detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu%20foil" title=" Cu foil"> Cu foil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17081/facile-synthesis-of-cuo-nanosheets-on-cu-foil-for-h2o2-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span 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