12 - Manitoba Historical Society

<!doctype html> <html dir="ltr" lang="en-CA" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-F5SBRKS8TD"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-F5SBRKS8TD'); </script> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gform;gform||(document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,initializeOnLoaded:function(o){gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?o():!gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",o):document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",o)},hooks:{action:{},filter:{}},addAction:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook("action",o,n,r,t)},addFilter:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook("filter",o,n,r,t)},doAction:function(o){gform.doHook("action",o,arguments)},applyFilters:function(o){return gform.doHook("filter",o,arguments)},removeAction:function(o,n){gform.removeHook("action",o,n)},removeFilter:function(o,n,r){gform.removeHook("filter",o,n,r)},addHook:function(o,n,r,t,i){null==gform.hooks[o][n]&&(gform.hooks[o][n]=[]);var e=gform.hooks[o][n];null==i&&(i=n+"_"+e.length),gform.hooks[o][n].push({tag:i,callable:r,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(n,o,r){var t;if(r=Array.prototype.slice.call(r,1),null!=gform.hooks[n][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[n][o]).sort(function(o,n){return o.priority-n.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){"function"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),"action"==n?t.apply(null,r):r[0]=t.apply(null,r)})),"filter"==n)return r[0]},removeHook:function(o,n,t,i){var r;null!=gform.hooks[o][n]&&(r=(r=gform.hooks[o][n]).filter(function(o,n,r){return!!(null!=i&&i!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][n]=r)}}); /* ]]> */ </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <title>12 - Manitoba Historical Society</title> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie_history/12/" /> <meta name="generator" content="All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.6.9.1" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Manitoba Historical Society - Keeping history alive for over 145 years" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="12 - Manitoba Historical Society" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie_history/12/" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/MHS_Logo-social.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/MHS_Logo-social.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1000" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="500" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-12-14T23:07:17+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-04-19T02:31:34+00:00" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/groups/manitobahistory" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@manitobahistory" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="12 - Manitoba Historical Society" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@manitobahistory" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/MHS_Logo-social.jpg" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="aioseo-schema"> {"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie_history\/12\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/#listItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/","nextItem":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie_history\/12\/#listItem"},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie_history\/12\/#listItem","position":2,"name":"12","previousItem":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/#listItem"}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/#organization","name":"Manitoba Historical Society","description":"Keeping history alive for over 145 years","url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/","telephone":"+12049470559","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/mhs-mb.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MHS_Logo.png","@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie_history\/12\/#organizationLogo","width":530,"height":294,"caption":"Manitoba Historical Society"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie_history\/12\/#organizationLogo"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/manitobahistory","https:\/\/twitter.com\/manitobahistory","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/manitobahistory\/","https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@manitobahistory","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/ManitobaHistoricalSociety\/videos"]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie_history\/12\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie_history\/12\/","name":"12 - Manitoba Historical Society","inLanguage":"en-CA","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie_history\/12\/#breadcrumblist"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/mhs-mb.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/PH12cover.jpg","@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie_history\/12\/#mainImage","width":600,"height":776},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/prairie_history\/12\/#mainImage"},"datePublished":"2023-12-14T17:07:17-06:00","dateModified":"2024-04-18T21:31:34-05:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/","name":"Manitoba Historical Society","description":"Keeping history alive for over 145 years","inLanguage":"en-CA","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/#organization"}}]} </script>  <script>window._wca = window._wca || [];</script> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.google.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//gateway.moneris.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//kit.fontawesome.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.typekit.net' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Manitoba Historical Society » Feed" href="https://www.mhs.ca/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Manitoba Historical Society » Comments Feed" href="https://www.mhs.ca/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/mhs-mb.b-cdn.net\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=4837b7dc2bcb0cc6dc4127915b8ca27c"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-moneris-checkout-block-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-gateway-moneris/assets/css/blocks/wc-moneris-checkout-block.css?ver=3.4.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-blocks-integration-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-subscriptions/vendor/woocommerce/subscriptions-core/build/index.css?ver=7.4.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sbi_styles-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/css/sbi-styles.min.css?ver=6.5.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=4837b7dc2bcb0cc6dc4127915b8ca27c' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-right){border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-center){border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote:where(.is-style-plain){border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=4.2.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=4837b7dc2bcb0cc6dc4127915b8ca27c' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-memberships-blocks-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-memberships/assets/css/blocks/wc-memberships-blocks.min.css?ver=1.26.8' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-components-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/css/dist/components/style.min.css?ver=4837b7dc2bcb0cc6dc4127915b8ca27c' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-preferences-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/css/dist/preferences/style.min.css?ver=4837b7dc2bcb0cc6dc4127915b8ca27c' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-editor-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/css/dist/block-editor/style.min.css?ver=4837b7dc2bcb0cc6dc4127915b8ca27c' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-reusable-blocks-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/css/dist/reusable-blocks/style.min.css?ver=4837b7dc2bcb0cc6dc4127915b8ca27c' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-patterns-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/css/dist/patterns/style.min.css?ver=4837b7dc2bcb0cc6dc4127915b8ca27c' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-editor-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/css/dist/editor/style.min.css?ver=4837b7dc2bcb0cc6dc4127915b8ca27c' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='repeater-shared-css-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/blocks/blocks.css?ver=1702416635' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-free-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/getwid/vendors/fontawesome-free/css/all.min.css?ver=5.5.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fancybox-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/getwid/vendors/fancybox/jquery.fancybox.min.css?ver=3.5.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='getwid-blocks-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/getwid/assets/css/blocks.style.css?ver=2.0.11' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='getwid-blocks-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-getwid-section .wp-block-getwid-section__wrapper .wp-block-getwid-section__inner-wrapper{max-width: 640px;} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--forest-green: #538158;--wp--preset--color--clay-green: #BFCCBD;--wp--preset--color--background-clay-green: #EFF2EE;--wp--preset--color--blue: #007597;--wp--preset--color--background-blue: #F0F5F6;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 1.5em;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 2.5em;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-size--xlarge: 3.5em;--wp--preset--font-size--xxlarge: 4.5em;--wp--preset--font-size--huge: 10em;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: "Inter", sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cardo: Cardo;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-layout-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/css/woocommerce-layout.css?ver=9.2.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='woocommerce-layout-inline-css' type='text/css'> .infinite-scroll .woocommerce-pagination { display: none; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-smallscreen-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/css/woocommerce-smallscreen.css?ver=9.2.2' type='text/css' media='only screen and (max-width: 768px)' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-general-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/css/woocommerce.css?ver=9.2.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='woocommerce-inline-inline-css' type='text/css'> .woocommerce form .form-row .required { visibility: visible; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sv-wc-payment-gateway-payment-form-v5_12_1-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-gateway-moneris/vendor/skyverge/wc-plugin-framework/woocommerce/payment-gateway/assets/css/frontend/sv-wc-payment-gateway-payment-form.min.css?ver=5.12.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-moneris-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-gateway-moneris/assets/css/frontend/wc-moneris.min.css?ver=3.4.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-memberships-frontend-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-memberships/assets/css/frontend/wc-memberships-frontend.min.css?ver=1.26.8' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mhs-style-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/style.css?ver=4837b7dc2bcb0cc6dc4127915b8ca27c' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='animated-menu-style-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/animated-menu.css?ver=4837b7dc2bcb0cc6dc4127915b8ca27c' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mhs-fonts-css' href='https://use.typekit.net/unb6vcs.css?ver=4837b7dc2bcb0cc6dc4127915b8ca27c' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='colorbox-css-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/colorbox/colorbox.css?ver=4837b7dc2bcb0cc6dc4127915b8ca27c' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dflip-css-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/dflip/css/dflip.min.css?ver=4837b7dc2bcb0cc6dc4127915b8ca27c' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dflip-icons-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/dflip/css/themify-icons.min.css?ver=4837b7dc2bcb0cc6dc4127915b8ca27c' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='kadence-blocks-global-variables-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root {--global-kb-font-size-sm:clamp(0.8rem, 0.73rem + 0.217vw, 0.9rem);--global-kb-font-size-md:clamp(1.1rem, 0.995rem + 0.326vw, 1.25rem);--global-kb-font-size-lg:clamp(1.75rem, 1.576rem + 0.543vw, 2rem);--global-kb-font-size-xl:clamp(2.25rem, 1.728rem + 1.63vw, 3rem);--global-kb-font-size-xxl:clamp(2.5rem, 1.456rem + 3.26vw, 4rem);--global-kb-font-size-xxxl:clamp(2.75rem, 0.489rem + 7.065vw, 6rem);}:root {--global-palette1: #3182CE;--global-palette2: #2B6CB0;--global-palette3: #1A202C;--global-palette4: #2D3748;--global-palette5: #4A5568;--global-palette6: #718096;--global-palette7: #EDF2F7;--global-palette8: #F7FAFC;--global-palette9: #ffffff;} </style> <style id='block-visibility-screen-size-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /* Large screens (desktops, 992px and up) */ @media ( min-width: 992px ) { .block-visibility-hide-large-screen { display: none !important; } } /* Medium screens (tablets, between 768px and 992px) */ @media ( min-width: 768px ) and ( max-width: 991.98px ) { .block-visibility-hide-medium-screen { display: none !important; } } /* Small screens (mobile devices, less than 768px) */ @media ( max-width: 767.98px ) { .block-visibility-hide-small-screen { display: none !important; } } </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/recaptcha-woo/js/rcfwc.js?ver=1.0" id="rcfwc-js-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?explicit&hl=en_CA" id="recaptcha-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/jquery-blockui/jquery.blockUI.min.js?ver=2.7.0-wc.9.2.2" id="jquery-blockui-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wc-add-to-cart-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wc_add_to_cart_params = {"ajax_url":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","wc_ajax_url":"\/?wc-ajax=%%endpoint%%","i18n_view_cart":"View cart","cart_url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/cart\/","is_cart":"","cart_redirect_after_add":"no"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/add-to-cart.min.js?ver=9.2.2" id="wc-add-to-cart-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/js-cookie/js.cookie.min.js?ver=2.1.4-wc.9.2.2" id="js-cookie-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="woocommerce-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var woocommerce_params = {"ajax_url":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","wc_ajax_url":"\/?wc-ajax=%%endpoint%%"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/woocommerce.min.js?ver=9.2.2" id="woocommerce-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/s-202447.js" id="woocommerce-analytics-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/animated-menu.js?ver=4837b7dc2bcb0cc6dc4127915b8ca27c" id="animated-menu-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/d6d5f8437c.js?ver=4837b7dc2bcb0cc6dc4127915b8ca27c" id="mhs-fontawesome-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/dflip/js/dflip.min.js" id="dflip-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wc-settings-dep-in-header-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ console.warn( "Scripts that have a dependency on [wc-settings, wc-blocks-checkout] must be loaded in the footer, automatewoo-marketing-optin-editor-script was registered to load in the header, but has been switched to load in the footer instead. See https://github.com/woocommerce/woocommerce-gutenberg-products-block/pull/5059" ); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.mhs.ca/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.mhs.ca/wp-json/wp/v2/prairie_history/6733" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.mhs.ca/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.mhs.ca/?p=6733' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.mhs.ca/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhs.ca%2Fprairie_history%2F12%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.mhs.ca/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhs.ca%2Fprairie_history%2F12%2F&format=xml" /> <meta name="cdp-version" content="1.4.8" /> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <noscript><style>.woocommerce-product-gallery{ opacity: 1 !important; }</style></noscript> <style type="text/css"> .site-title, .site-description { position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); } </style> <style class='wp-fonts-local' type='text/css'> @font-face{font-family:Inter;font-style:normal;font-weight:300 900;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/fonts/Inter-VariableFont_slnt,wght.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:Cardo;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/fonts/cardo_normal_400.woff2') format('woff2');} </style> <link rel="icon" href="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MHS_fav-100x100.jpg" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MHS_fav.jpg" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MHS_fav.jpg" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MHS_fav.jpg" /> </head> <body class="prairie_history-template-default single single-prairie_history postid-6733 wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive theme-mhs woocommerce-no-js membership-content access-restricted no-sidebar"> <div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header alignfull"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="site-branding"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="530" height="294" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MHS_Logo.png" class="custom-logo" alt="Manitoba Historical Society" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MHS_Logo.png 530w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MHS_Logo-300x166.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 530px) 100vw, 530px" /></a> <p class="site-title"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/" rel="home">Manitoba Historical Society</a></p> <p class="site-description">Keeping history alive for over 145 years</p> </div> <button class="c-hamburger c-hamburger--htx mobile" id="bar_menu"> <span>toggle menu</span> </button> <div class="header-nav"> <div class="top-menu desktop"> <div id="secondary-navigation"> <div class="menu-secondary-menu-container"><ul id="secondary-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-65" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-65"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5702" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-product_cat menu-item-5702"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/product-category/membership/">Subscribe</a></li> <li id="menu-item-66" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-66"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/donate/">Donate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-67" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-67"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/shop/">Shop</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="menu-icon"> <form id="searchform" method="get" action="https://www.mhs.ca"> <div> <input id="s" name="s" type="text" value="" placeholder="Search mhs.ca" onfocus="if (this.value == '') {this.value = '';}" onblur="if (this.value == '') {this.value = '';}" size="32" tabindex="1"> <input id="searchsubmit" type="image" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/img/icon-search.svg" name="search" alt="Search" class="button" /> </div> </form> </div> <div class="menu-icon"> <a href="/cart"><img src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/img/icon-cart.svg" alt="shopping cart icon" /></a> </div> <div class="menu-icon"> <a href="/login">Login</a> </div> </div> </div> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation"> <ul id="primary-menu" class="menu nav-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="menu-item parent-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/about-us/" class="parent-link">About Us</a> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="mobile menu-trigger"></a> <div class="sub-menu"> <div class="background"></div> <div class="menu-title-background"></div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="menu-title">About Us</div> <ul> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/about-us/">About Us</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/about-us/governance/">Governance</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/about-us/annual-reports/">Annual Reports</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/about-us/annual-general-meeting/">Annual General Meeting</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/about-us/our-blog/">Our Blog</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/about-us/newsletter/">Newsletter</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/awards/">Awards</a> </li> </ul> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="menu-close">X</a> </div> </div> </li><li class="menu-item parent-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/" class="parent-link">Get Involved</a> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="mobile menu-trigger"></a> <div class="sub-menu"> <div class="background"></div> <div class="menu-title-background"></div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="menu-title">Get Involved</div> <ul> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/">Get Involved</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/donate/">Donate</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/become-a-member/">Become A Member</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/research/">Research & Volunteer</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/advocating-for-heritage/">Advocating for Heritage</a> </li> </ul> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="menu-close">X</a> </div> </div> </li><li class="menu-item parent-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/" class="parent-link">Prairie History</a> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="mobile menu-trigger"></a> <div class="sub-menu"> <div class="background"></div> <div class="menu-title-background"></div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="menu-title">Prairie History</div> <ul> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/">Prairie History</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/past-issues/">Past Issues</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/contributor-guidelines/">Contributor Guidelines</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/editorial-team/">Editorial Team</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/letters-to-the-editor/">Letters to the Editor</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/research/manitoba-history/">Manitoba History</a> </li> </ul> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="menu-close">X</a> </div> </div> </li><li class="menu-item "> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/research/" class="">Research</a> </li><li class="menu-item "> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/events-2/" class="">Events</a> </li><li class="menu-item "> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/archives/" class="">Archives</a> </li> </ul> <div class="top-menu mobile"> <div class="secondary-navigation"> <div class="menu-secondary-menu-container"><ul id="menu-secondary-menu" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-65"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-product_cat menu-item-5702"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/product-category/membership/">Subscribe</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-66"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/donate/">Donate</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-67"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/shop/">Shop</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="menu-icon"> <form id="searchform" method="get" action="https://www.mhs.ca"> <div> <input id="s" name="s" type="text" value="" placeholder="Search mhs.ca" onfocus="if (this.value == '') {this.value = '';}" onblur="if (this.value == '') {this.value = '';}" size="32" tabindex="1"> <input id="searchsubmit" type="image" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/img/icon-search.svg" name="search" alt="Search" class="button" /> </div> </form> </div> <div class="menu-icon"> <a href="/cart"><img src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/img/icon-cart.svg" alt="shopping cart icon" /></a> </div> <div class="menu-icon"> <a href="/login">Login</a> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="newsletter-signup-wrapper"> <div class="newsletter-signup"> <div class="top"> <i class="fa-regular fa-envelope"></i> <div class="newsletter-title">Sign up for our Newsletter!</div> <div class="close"></div> </div> <div class="bottom"> <div class="content"><p>Find out about MHS events, activities and more from our monthly newsletter.</p> </div> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <div class='gf_browser_safari gf_browser_iphone gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_1' ><form method='post' enctype='multipart/form-data' id='gform_1' action='/prairie_history/12/' data-formid='1' novalidate> <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_1' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below'><div id="field_1_1" class="gfield gfield--type-email field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_1_1" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_1_1'>Email</label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'> <input name='input_1' id='input_1_1' type='email' value='' class='large' aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div></div></div> <div class='gform_footer top_label'> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_1' class='gform_button button' value='Subscribe' onclick='if(window["gf_submitting_1"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_1"]=true;} ' onkeypress='if( event.keyCode == 13 ){ if(window["gf_submitting_1"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_1"]=true;} jQuery("#gform_1").trigger("submit",[true]); }' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_1' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_1' value='WyJbXSIsImM2NDJkMjZhNDAxN2Q4MWUzNTViNDIyMzE4NTdiNjBiIl0=' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_1' id='gform_target_page_number_1' value='0' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_1' id='gform_source_page_number_1' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' /> </div> </form> </div><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 1, 'https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_1').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_1');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_1').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { /* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome */ }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_1').val();gformInitSpinner( 1, 'https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [1, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_1'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [1]);window['gf_submitting_1'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_1').text());}else{jQuery('#gform_1').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger("gform_pre_post_render", [{ formId: "1", currentPage: "current_page", abort: function() { this.preventDefault(); } }]); if (event && event.defaultPrevented) { return; } const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_wrapper_1" ); if ( gformWrapperDiv ) { const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( "span" ); visibilitySpan.id = "gform_visibility_test_1"; gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( "afterend", visibilitySpan ); } const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_visibility_test_1" ); let postRenderFired = false; function triggerPostRender() { if ( postRenderFired ) { return; } postRenderFired = true; jQuery( document ).trigger( 'gform_post_render', [1, current_page] ); gform.utils.trigger( { event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 1, currentPage: current_page } } ); if ( visibilityTestDiv ) { visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv ); } } function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) { var timeout; return function() { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function() { timeout = null; if ( !immediate ) func.apply( context, args ); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout( timeout ); timeout = setTimeout( later, wait ); if ( callNow ) func.apply( context, args ); }; } const debouncedTriggerPostRender = debounce( function() { triggerPostRender(); }, 200 ); if ( visibilityTestDiv && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent === null ) { const observer = new MutationObserver( ( mutations ) => { mutations.forEach( ( mutation ) => { if ( mutation.type === 'attributes' && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent !== null ) { debouncedTriggerPostRender(); observer.disconnect(); } }); }); observer.observe( document.body, { attributes: true, childList: false, subtree: true, attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ], }); } else { triggerPostRender(); } } );} ); /* ]]> */ </script> </div> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main"> <header class="page-header"> <div class="entry-content"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/past-issues/" class="back-link">PAST ISSUES</a> <h1 class="page-title">Prairie History #12</h1> <p class="issue-season">Fall 2023</p> <div class="is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons"> <div class="wp-block-button"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-black-background-color wp-element-button prompt-trigger" style="position: relative;">READ NOW</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="entry-sidebar cover-info"> <img width="600" height="776" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PH12cover.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PH12cover.jpg 600w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PH12cover-232x300.jpg 232w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PH12cover-300x388.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /> <p class="is-style-sans-serif"></p> <div class="history-widget desktop"> <h2>Read<br /> for Free!</h2> <p>Access to issues is available online for free to our Members.</p> <div class="is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons"> <div class="wp-block-button"> <a href="https://mhs.ca/product/prairie-history-issue-12-fall-2023/?attribute_type=Paper" class="wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button">BUY PRINT</a> </div> <div class="wp-block-button"> <a href="https://mhs.ca/product/prairie-history-issue-12-fall-2023/?attribute_type=Digital" class="wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button">BUY DIGITAL</a> </div> <div class="wp-block-button"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/retailers/" class="wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-text-color has-no-background-color wp-element-button">FIND RETAILER</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content issue-content"> <h2>IN THIS ISSUE</h2> <hr/> <div class="issue-section"> <h3>Editorial</h3> <ul> <li> <b><p>Water at the Centre</p> </b> <p>BY Shannon Stunden Bower | Associate Editor (Alberta)</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="issue-section"> <h3>Feature Articles</h3> <ul> <li> <b><p>Teaching Prairie Pasts in 20th-Century Alberta and Saskatchewan Schools</p> </b> <p>BY Amy von Heyking | Faculty of Education, University of Lethbridge</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Wishful Thinking: Describing the Climate and Modifying the Weather of the Prairies and Plains</p> </b> <p>BY John C. Lehr | Geography Department, University of Winnipeg</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="issue-section"> <h3>Prairie Pageant</h3> <ul> <li> <b><p>Winnipeg, Incorporated</p> </b> <p>BY Sabrina Janke and Alex Judge | Winnipeg, Manitoba</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Marked Man: Stephen Juba versus Painless Pancho and the Battle Over Tattooing in Winnipeg</p> </b> <p>BY Jason Woloski | Winnipeg, Manitoba</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>The Story of Emergency Housing in Winnipeg: “There’s no place to go.”</p> </b> <p>BY Doug Smith | Winnipeg, Manitoba</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Abandoned Manitoba: Winnipeg’s Palace Theatre</p> </b> <p>BY Gordon Goldsborough | Winnipeg, Manitoba</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Reading the Letters of the British North American Boundary Commission</p> </b> <p>BY Audrhea Lande | Winnipeg, Manitoba</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>The CPR Route in Saskatchewan</p> </b> <p>BY Bill Waiser | Saskatoon, Saskatchewan</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="issue-section"> <h3>Book Reviews</h3> <ul> <li> <b><p>Jim Tanner, David R. Miller, Tracey Tanner, and Peggy Martin, <em>Owóknage: The Story of Carry the Kettle Nation</em>, University of Regina Press, Regina, 2022, 280 pages. ISBN 978-0-889778-14-6, $39.95 (paper)</p> </b> <p>BY Dr. Andrew M. Miller | First Nations University of Canada</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Kevin Nikkel, <em>Establishing Shots: An Oral History of the Winnipeg Film Group</em>, University of Manitoba Press, Winnipeg, 2023, 444 pages. ISBN: 978-1-77284-103-1, $34.95 (paper)</p> </b> <p>BY Jerry White | University of Saskatchewan</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>James Naylor, Rhonda L. Hinther, and Jim Mochoruk, eds., <em>For a Better World: The Winnipeg General Strike & the Workers’ Revolt</em>, University of Manitoba Press, Winnipeg, 2022, 408 pages. ISBN 9780887552991, $31.95, (paper)</p> </b> <p>BY Shannon Stunden Bower | University of Alberta</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Murray Peterson, <em>Max Blankstein: Architect</em>, Winnipeg Architecture Foundation, 2022, 144 pages. ISBN: 978-1-988321-05-9, $35.00 (paper)</p> </b> <p>BY Piper Bernbaum | Carleton University, Ottawa</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Sheila McManus, <em>Both Sides Now: Writing the Edges of the North American West</em>, Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas, 2022, 224 pages. ISBN: 978-1-62349-999-0, $47.00 (hardcover)</p> </b> <p>BY Jim Mochoruk | University of North Dakota</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Daniel Robert Laxer, <em>Listening to the Fur Trade: Soundways and Music in the British North American Fur Trade, 1760-1840</em>, McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal & Kingston, 2022, 304 pages. ISBN 978-0-2280-0859-0, $49.95 (cloth)</p> </b> <p>BY Scott P. Stephen | Parks Canada</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="issue-section"> <h3>Artifactual</h3> <ul> <li> <b><p>Teaching the Past: ‘Dry’ History and Police Violence during the Winnipeg General Strike</p> </b> <p>BY James Kostuchuk | Portage la Prairie, Manitoba</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="issue-section"> <h3>Prairie Gazette</h3> <ul> <li> <b><p>Then and Now: ACOMI We Belong</p> </b> <p>BY Chuks Ojidoh | ACOMI, Director of Programs</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Innovative Tours Launched by Winnipeg Architecture Foundation</p> </b> <p>BY </p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>“Clinker Bricks” Celebrated in Edmonton Buildings</p> </b> <p>BY </p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>South Saskatchewan Honours its Military Legacy</p> </b> <p>BY </p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Prairie Fall Heritage Activities</p> </b> <p>BY </p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Ogema, Saskatchewan; A Heritage Showpiece</p> </b> <p>BY Carol Peterson | Secretary Treasurer, Deep South Pioneer Museum, Ogema, Saskatchewan</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Cold Lake Museums Collective</p> </b> <p>BY </p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Remembering Hugh Dempsey, the Right Man at the Right Place at the Right Time</p> </b> <p>BY Don Smith</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Historical Society of Alberta Publishes The Engagement Letters of Marie Harwood and Sam Steele, Oct. 1888–June 1889</p> </b> <p>BY Connor J. Thompson | University of Alberta</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Dr. Patricia Kell Appointed as Executive Director for the National Trust for Canada</p> </b> <p>BY </p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Photographing Ghosts</p> </b> <p>BY Tracey Turner</p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>2023 Heritage Saskatchewan Awards</p> </b> <p>BY </p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> <li> <b><p>Manitoba Heritage Minutes</p> </b> <p>BY </p> <a class="prompt-trigger"></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="entry-sidebar"> <div class="history-widget mobile"> <h2>Read<br /> for Free!</h2> <p>Access to issues is available online for free to our Members.</p> <div class="is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons"> <div class="wp-block-button"> <a href="https://mhs.ca/product/prairie-history-issue-12-fall-2023/?attribute_type=Paper" class="wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button">BUY PRINT</a> </div> <div class="wp-block-button"> <a href="https://mhs.ca/product/prairie-history-issue-12-fall-2023/?attribute_type=Digital" class="wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button">BUY DIGITAL</a> </div> <div class="wp-block-button"> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie-history/retailers/" class="wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-text-color has-no-background-color wp-element-button">FIND RETAILER</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="issue-notice alignfull has-clay-green-background-color has-black-color"> <div class="alignnone"> <div class="mb-history-notice"> </div> <div class="taxonomy-navigation"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="more-posts"> <h2>Explore More Past Issues</h2> <div class="mb-history-items"> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color 2024 "> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie_history/14/"><div class="mb-history-inner"> <img width="232" height="300" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/PH14Cover-232x300.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/PH14Cover-232x300.jpg 232w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/PH14Cover-300x388.jpg 300w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/PH14Cover.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Prairie History #14</b><br/> Summer 2024</p> </div> </div></a> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/?post_type=product&p=624">BUY PRINT <img src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/img/icon-arrow-right-black.svg" alt="black arrow pointing right" /></a><br/> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/?post_type=product&p=624">BUY DIGITAL <img src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/img/icon-arrow-right-black.svg" alt="black arrow pointing right" /></a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color 2024 "> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie_history/13/"><div class="mb-history-inner"> <img width="232" height="300" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PH13Cover-232x300.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PH13Cover-232x300.jpg 232w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PH13Cover-300x388.jpg 300w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PH13Cover.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Prairie History #13</b><br/> Winter 2024</p> </div> </div></a> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/?post_type=product&p=624">BUY PRINT <img src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/img/icon-arrow-right-black.svg" alt="black arrow pointing right" /></a><br/> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/?post_type=product&p=624">BUY DIGITAL <img src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/img/icon-arrow-right-black.svg" alt="black arrow pointing right" /></a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color 2023 "> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie_history/11/"><div class="mb-history-inner"> <img width="232" height="300" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PH11cover-232x300.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PH11cover-232x300.jpg 232w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PH11cover-300x388.jpg 300w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PH11cover.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Prairie History #11</b><br/> Summer 2023</p> </div> </div></a> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/?post_type=product&p=624">BUY PRINT <img src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/img/icon-arrow-right-black.svg" alt="black arrow pointing right" /></a><br/> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/?post_type=product&p=624">BUY DIGITAL <img src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/img/icon-arrow-right-black.svg" alt="black arrow pointing right" /></a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="mb-history-item has-black-color 2023 "> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/prairie_history/10/"><div class="mb-history-inner"> <img width="232" height="300" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/ph10web-232x300.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="Prairie History Issue 10 cover - Spring 2023" decoding="async" srcset="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/ph10web-232x300.jpg 232w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/ph10web-300x388.jpg 300w, https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/ph10web.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px" /> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p><b>Prairie History #10</b><br/> Spring 2023</p> </div> </div></a> <div class="mb-history-item-content"> <p> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/?post_type=product&p=624">BUY PRINT <img src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/img/icon-arrow-right-black.svg" alt="black arrow pointing right" /></a><br/> <a href="https://www.mhs.ca/?post_type=product&p=624">BUY DIGITAL <img src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/img/icon-arrow-right-black.svg" alt="black arrow pointing right" /></a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div class="overlay"></div> </div> <div style="display: none;"> <div id="member_prompt"> <div class="woocommerce"> <div class="woocommerce-info wc-memberships-restriction-message wc-memberships-message wc-memberships-content-restricted-message"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Member Access Only</h2><p>An active Digital Membership Subscription or Single Issue purchase is needed to view Prairie History issues. Please login or sign up.</p><div class="wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button" href="https://mhs.ca/login/" style="border-radius:0px">LOGIN</a></div> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button" href="https://mhs.ca/shop/" style="border-radius:0px">SIGN UP</a></div> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button" href="https://mhs.ca/get-involved/become-a-member/" style="border-radius:0px">MEMBER BENEFITS</a></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="upper-footer has-black-background-color alignfull"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="reconcilation-statement"> <h2>RECONCILATION STATEMENT</h2> <div class="statement"> <p>The Manitoba Historical Society recognizes the role that we, as an organization, can play in supporting the calls to action made by the National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation. We also understand that before real change can happen, the truth must be revealed, and only then can we make the path clear for reconciliation. Our organization is committed to help educate, support, preserve, and promote Indigenous, First Nations, Métis, and Inuit histories, traditions, languages, and culture through our publications and online resources. We can help to address the systemic racism, discrimination, and marginalization that has been experienced by Indigenous communities in Canada.</p> <p>The Manitoba Historical Society office is located on original lands of Anishinaabeg, Cree, Oji-Cree, Dakota, and Dene peoples, and on the National Homeland of the Red River Métis. We respect the Treaties that were made on these territories, we acknowledge the harms and mistakes of the past, and we dedicate ourselves to move forward in partnership with Indigenous communities in a spirit of reconciliation and collaboration.</p> </div> </div> <div class="footer-menu has-white-color"> <div class="menu-footer-menu-container"><ul id="footer-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-112" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-112"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/terms-conditions/">Terms & Conditions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-111" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-111"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/about-us/faqs/">FAQS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-113" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-113"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/get-involved/donate/">Donate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5701" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-product_cat menu-item-5701"><a href="https://www.mhs.ca/product-category/membership/">Join / Subscribe</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="follow-us"> <h2>FOLLOW US</h2> <div class="social-links has-white-color"><a class="link" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/manitobahistory"><i class="fa-brands fa-twitter"></i></a><a class="link" target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/ManitobaHistoricalSociety/videos"><i class="fa-brands fa-youtube"></i></a><a class="link" target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/manitobahistory/"><i class="fa-brands fa-instagram"></i></a><a class="link" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/manitobahistory"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook-f"></i></a><a class="link" target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@manitobahistory"><i class="fa-brands fa-tiktok"></i></a></div> <div class="registration">BN: 122814601RR0001</div> <div class="member-login has-black-color"> <a href="/login">MEMBER <br/>LOGIN</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="alignfull"> <div class="site-info has-black-color"> Copyright © 2024 Manitoba Historical Society • <a href="/privacy-policy">PRIVACY POLICY</a> • <a href="/terms">TERMS</a> </div> </div> </footer> </div>  <script type="text/javascript"> var sbiajaxurl = "https://www.mhs.ca/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"; </script> <script type="text/javascript">jQuery(function($){ function load_moneris_payment_form_handler() { window.wc_moneris_payment_form_handler = new WC_Moneris_Payment_Form_Handler( {"plugin_id":"moneris","id":"moneris","id_dasherized":"moneris","type":"credit-card","csc_required":true,"csc_required_for_tokens":true,"environment":"prod","isCheckoutLoggingEnabled":false,"isPayPageEnabled":false} );window.jQuery( document.body ).trigger( "update_checkout" ); } try { if ( 'undefined' !== typeof WC_Moneris_Payment_Form_Handler ) { load_moneris_payment_form_handler(); } else { window.jQuery( document.body ).on( 'wc_moneris_payment_form_handler_loaded', load_moneris_payment_form_handler ); } } catch ( err ) { var errorName = '', errorMessage = ''; if ( 'undefined' === typeof err || 0 === err.length || ! err ) { errorName = 'A script error has occurred.'; errorMessage = 'The script WC_Moneris_Payment_Form_Handler could not be loaded.'; } else { errorName = 'undefined' !== typeof err.name ? err.name : ''; errorMessage = 'undefined' !== typeof err.message ? err.message : ''; } jQuery.post( 'https://www.mhs.ca/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php', { action: 'wc_moneris_payment_form_log_script_event', security: 'b10d3cac32', name: errorName, message: errorMessage, } ); } });</script><script id="mcjs">!function(c,h,i,m,p){m=c.createElement(h),p=c.getElementsByTagName(h)[0],m.async=1,m.src=i,p.parentNode.insertBefore(m,p)}(document,"script","https://chimpstatic.com/mcjs-connected/js/users/aac4a66e488a62a411d01438d/7cd978400dc5836355eec78bf.js");</script> <script type='text/javascript'> (function () { var c = document.body.className; c = c.replace(/woocommerce-no-js/, 'woocommerce-js'); document.body.className = c; })(); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-blocks-style-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/client/blocks/wc-blocks.css?ver=wc-9.2.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_basic-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/basic.min.css?ver=2.8.18' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_theme_components-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/theme-components.min.css?ver=2.8.18' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_theme_ie11-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/theme-ie11.min.css?ver=2.8.18' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_theme-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/theme.min.css?ver=2.8.18' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='kadence-blocks-column-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/kadence-blocks/dist/style-blocks-column.css?ver=3.2.52' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='kadence-blocks-rowlayout-css' href='https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/kadence-blocks/dist/style-blocks-rowlayout.css?ver=3.2.52' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/selectWoo/selectWoo.full.min.js?ver=1.0.9-wc.9.2.2" id="selectWoo-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wc-memberships-blocks-common-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wc_memberships_blocks_common = {"keywords":{"email":"Email","phone":"Phone","plan":"Plan","address":"Address","search_not_found":"We didn't find any members. Please try a different search or check for typos.","results_not_found":"No records found..."},"ajaxUrl":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","restUrl":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-json\/","restNonce":"f6f1300fea"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-memberships/assets/js/frontend/wc-memberships-blocks-common.min.js?ver=1.26.8" id="wc-memberships-blocks-common-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="getwid-blocks-frontend-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var Getwid = {"settings":[],"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","isRTL":"","nonces":{"contact_form":"1fe33e2f02"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/getwid/assets/js/frontend.blocks.js?ver=2.0.11" id="getwid-blocks-frontend-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/jquery-payment/jquery.payment.min.js?ver=3.0.0-wc.9.2.2" id="jquery-payment-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sv-wc-payment-gateway-payment-form-v5_12_1-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var sv_wc_payment_gateway_payment_form_params = {"order_button_text":"Place order","card_number_missing":"Card number is missing","card_number_invalid":"Card number is invalid","card_number_digits_invalid":"Card number is invalid (only digits allowed)","card_number_length_invalid":"Card number is invalid (wrong length)","card_type_invalid":"Card is invalid","card_type_invalid_specific_type":"{card_type} card is invalid","cvv_missing":"Card security code is missing","cvv_digits_invalid":"Card security code is invalid (only digits are allowed)","cvv_length_invalid":"Card security code is invalid (must be 3 or 4 digits)","card_exp_date_invalid":"Card expiration date is invalid","check_number_digits_invalid":"Check Number is invalid (only digits are allowed)","check_number_missing":"Check Number is missing","drivers_license_state_missing":"Driver's license state is missing","drivers_license_number_missing":"Driver's license number is missing","drivers_license_number_invalid":"Driver's license number is invalid","account_number_missing":"Account Number is missing","account_number_invalid":"Account Number is invalid (only digits are allowed)","account_number_length_invalid":"Account Number is invalid (must be between 5 and 17 digits)","routing_number_missing":"Routing Number is missing","routing_number_digits_invalid":"Routing Number is invalid (only digits are allowed)","routing_number_length_invalid":"Routing Number is invalid (must be 9 digits)"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-gateway-moneris/vendor/skyverge/wc-plugin-framework/woocommerce/payment-gateway/assets/dist/frontend/sv-wc-payment-gateway-payment-form.js?ver=5.12.1" id="sv-wc-payment-gateway-payment-form-v5_12_1-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://gateway.moneris.com/chkt/js/chkt_v1.00.js?ver=3.4.1" id="moneris-checkout-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-gateway-moneris/assets/js/frontend/wc-moneris.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="wc-moneris-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="mailchimp-woocommerce-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var mailchimp_public_data = {"site_url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca","ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","disable_carts":"","subscribers_only":"1","language":"en","allowed_to_set_cookies":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/mailchimp-for-woocommerce/public/js/mailchimp-woocommerce-public.min.js?ver=4.2.1.07" id="mailchimp-woocommerce-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="mhs-theme-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var mhs = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/theme.js?ver=20150524" id="mhs-theme-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/navigation.js?ver=20151215" id="mhs-navigation-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/skip-link-focus-fix.js?ver=20151215" id="mhs-skip-link-focus-fix-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/themes/mhs/js/colorbox/jquery.colorbox.js" id="colorbox-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/page-links-to/dist/new-tab.js?ver=3.3.7" id="page-links-to-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/sourcebuster/sourcebuster.min.js?ver=9.2.2" id="sourcebuster-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wc-order-attribution-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wc_order_attribution = {"params":{"lifetime":1.0e-5,"session":30,"base64":false,"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","prefix":"wc_order_attribution_","allowTracking":true},"fields":{"source_type":"current.typ","referrer":"current_add.rf","utm_campaign":"current.cmp","utm_source":"current.src","utm_medium":"current.mdm","utm_content":"current.cnt","utm_id":"current.id","utm_term":"current.trm","utm_source_platform":"current.plt","utm_creative_format":"current.fmt","utm_marketing_tactic":"current.tct","session_entry":"current_add.ep","session_start_time":"current_add.fd","session_pages":"session.pgs","session_count":"udata.vst","user_agent":"udata.uag"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/order-attribution.min.js?ver=9.2.2" id="wc-order-attribution-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202447.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"226786008\",\"post\":\"6733\",\"tz\":\"-6\",\"srv\":\"www.mhs.ca\",\"j\":\"1:13.7.1\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "226786008", "6733" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/dist/dom-ready.min.js?ver=f77871ff7694fffea381" id="wp-dom-ready-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=4d63a3d491d11ffd8ac6" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-a11y-js-translations"> /* <![CDATA[ */ ( function( domain, translations ) { var localeData = translations.locale_data[ domain ] || translations.locale_data.messages; localeData[""].domain = domain; wp.i18n.setLocaleData( localeData, domain ); } )( "default", {"translation-revision-date":"2024-11-04 22:51:08+0000","generator":"GlotPress\/4.0.1","domain":"messages","locale_data":{"messages":{"":{"domain":"messages","plural-forms":"nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;","lang":"en_CA"},"Notifications":["Notifications"]}},"comment":{"reference":"wp-includes\/js\/dist\/a11y.js"}} ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-includes/js/dist/a11y.min.js?ver=3156534cc54473497e14" id="wp-a11y-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/js/jquery.json.min.js?ver=2.8.18" id="gform_json-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="gform_gravityforms-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gform_i18n = {"datepicker":{"days":{"monday":"Mo","tuesday":"Tu","wednesday":"We","thursday":"Th","friday":"Fr","saturday":"Sa","sunday":"Su"},"months":{"january":"January","february":"February","march":"March","april":"April","may":"May","june":"June","july":"July","august":"August","september":"September","october":"October","november":"November","december":"December"},"firstDay":0,"iconText":"Select date"}}; var gf_legacy_multi = []; var gform_gravityforms = {"strings":{"invalid_file_extension":"This type of file is not allowed. Must be one of the following:","delete_file":"Delete this file","in_progress":"in progress","file_exceeds_limit":"File exceeds size limit","illegal_extension":"This type of file is not allowed.","max_reached":"Maximum number of files reached","unknown_error":"There was a problem while saving the file on the server","currently_uploading":"Please wait for the uploading to complete","cancel":"Cancel","cancel_upload":"Cancel this upload","cancelled":"Cancelled"},"vars":{"images_url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images"}}; var gf_global = {"gf_currency_config":{"name":"Canadian Dollar","symbol_left":"$","symbol_right":"CAD","symbol_padding":" ","thousand_separator":",","decimal_separator":".","decimals":2,"code":"CAD"},"base_url":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms","number_formats":[],"spinnerUrl":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg","version_hash":"375176ee157496e4445b6f496d244d67","strings":{"newRowAdded":"New row added.","rowRemoved":"Row removed","formSaved":"The form has been saved. The content contains the link to return and complete the form."}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/js/gravityforms.min.js?ver=2.8.18" id="gform_gravityforms-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/utils.min.js?ver=50c7bea9c2320e16728e44ae9fde5f26" id="gform_gravityforms_utils-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/vendor-theme.min.js?ver=54e7080aa7a02c83aa61fae430b9d869" id="gform_gravityforms_theme_vendors-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="gform_gravityforms_theme-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var gform_theme_config = {"common":{"form":{"honeypot":{"version_hash":"375176ee157496e4445b6f496d244d67"}}},"hmr_dev":"","public_path":"https:\/\/www.mhs.ca\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/assets\/js\/dist\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer='defer' src="https://mhs-mb.b-cdn.net/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/scripts-theme.min.js?ver=bab19fd84843dabc070e73326d787910" id="gform_gravityforms_theme-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() { jQuery(document).on('gform_post_render', function(event, formId, currentPage){if(formId == 1) {jQuery( "#gform_1" ).on( 'submit', function( event ) { jQuery( '<input>' ) .attr( 'type', 'hidden' ) .attr( 'name', 'gf_zero_spam_key' ) .attr( 'value', 'FyQBcDWLBYKv1QZop8ZvxH3VIetNITNYp8YejaQ7W8X8v9Tx234eUGuTgNtUjw0Z' ) .attr( 'autocomplete', 'new-password' ) .appendTo( jQuery( this ) ); } );} } );jQuery(document).on('gform_post_conditional_logic', function(event, formId, fields, isInit){} ) } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {jQuery(document).trigger("gform_pre_post_render", [{ formId: "1", currentPage: "1", abort: function() { this.preventDefault(); } }]); if (event && event.defaultPrevented) { return; } const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_wrapper_1" ); if ( gformWrapperDiv ) { const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( "span" ); visibilitySpan.id = "gform_visibility_test_1"; gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( "afterend", visibilitySpan ); } const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_visibility_test_1" ); let postRenderFired = false; function triggerPostRender() { if ( postRenderFired ) { return; } postRenderFired = true; jQuery( document ).trigger( 'gform_post_render', [1, 1] ); gform.utils.trigger( { event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 1, currentPage: 1 } } ); if ( visibilityTestDiv ) { visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv ); } } function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) { var timeout; return function() { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function() { timeout = null; if ( !immediate ) func.apply( context, args ); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout( timeout ); timeout = setTimeout( later, wait ); if ( callNow ) func.apply( context, args ); }; } const debouncedTriggerPostRender = debounce( function() { triggerPostRender(); }, 200 ); if ( visibilityTestDiv && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent === null ) { const observer = new MutationObserver( ( mutations ) => { mutations.forEach( ( mutation ) => { if ( mutation.type === 'attributes' && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent !== null ) { debouncedTriggerPostRender(); observer.disconnect(); } }); }); observer.observe( document.body, { attributes: true, childList: false, subtree: true, attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ], }); } else { triggerPostRender(); } } ); /* ]]> */ </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

12 - Manitoba Historical Society