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href="#Later_career_(1973)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Later career (1973) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_career_(1973)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_and_lyrical_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_and_lyrical_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Musical and lyrical style </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_and_lyrical_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Posthumous_popularity_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posthumous_popularity_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Posthumous popularity and legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posthumous_popularity_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Discography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Nick Drake</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" > 43 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83" title="نيك دريك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيك دريك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="نیک دریک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیک دریک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA" title="Ник Дрейк – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ник Дрейк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA_%CE%9D%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BA" title="Νικ Ντρέικ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νικ Ντρέικ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="نیک دریک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیک دریک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%89_%EB%93%9C%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC" title="닉 드레이크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="닉 드레이크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D6%84_%D4%B4%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5%D6%84" title="Նիք Դրեյք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիք Դրեյք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7" title="ניק דרייק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניק דרייק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niks_Dreiks" title="Niks Dreiks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Niks Dreiks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BA" title="Ник Дрејк – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ник Дрејк" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83" title="نيك دريك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيك دريك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF" title="ニック・ドレイク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニック・ドレイク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Дрейк, Ник – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дрейк, Ник" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA" title="Нік Дрейк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нік Дрейк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nick Drake" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%8B" title="尼克·德雷克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼克·德雷克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q211588#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. 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For the American racing driver, see <a href="/wiki/Nick_Drake_(racing_driver)" title="Nick Drake (racing driver)">Nick Drake (racing driver)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="singer/composer/guitarist">Nick Drake</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Nick_drake_1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drake in 1969"><img alt="Drake in 1969" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Nick_drake_1969.jpg/220px-Nick_drake_1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Nick_drake_1969.jpg/330px-Nick_drake_1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Nick_drake_1969.jpg/440px-Nick_drake_1969.jpg 2x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="1325" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Drake in 1969</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Birth name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Nicholas Rodney Drake</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1948-06-19)19 June 1948 <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Rangoon</a>, Burma</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">25 November 1974(1974-11-25) (aged 26) <a href="/wiki/Tanworth-in-Arden" title="Tanworth-in-Arden">Tanworth-in-Arden</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_folk" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber folk">chamber folk</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Folk-pop" title="Folk-pop">folk-pop</a><a href="#cite_note-Xgau-2">[2]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a><a href="#cite_note-Unterberger-3">[3]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Guitar</li><li>vocals</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1967–1974</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Island_Records" title="Island Records">Island</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brytermusic.com">brytermusic.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div> Nicholas Rodney Drake (19 June 1948 – 25 November 1974) was an English musician. An accomplished <a href="/wiki/Acoustic_guitar" title="Acoustic guitar">acoustic guitarist</a>, Drake signed to <a href="/wiki/Island_Records" title="Island Records">Island Records</a> at the age of twenty while still a student at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>. His debut album, <a href="/wiki/Five_Leaves_Left" title="Five Leaves Left">Five Leaves Left</a>, was released in 1969, and was followed by two more albums, <a href="/wiki/Bryter_Layter" title="Bryter Layter">Bryter Layter</a> (1971) and <a href="/wiki/Pink_Moon" title="Pink Moon">Pink Moon</a> (1972). While Drake did not reach a wide audience during his brief lifetime, his music found critical acclaim and he gradually received wider recognition following his death. Drake suffered from <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a> and was reluctant to perform in front of live audiences. Upon completion of Pink Moon, he withdrew from both performance and recording, retreating to his parents' home in rural <a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a>. On 25 November 1974, Drake was found dead at the age of 26 due to an overdose of antidepressants. Drake's music remained available through the mid-1970s, but the 1979 release of the retrospective album <a href="/wiki/Fruit_Tree_(Nick_Drake_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit Tree (Nick Drake album)">Fruit Tree</a> allowed his back catalogue to be reassessed. Drake has come to be credited as an influence on numerous artists, including <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(musician)" title="Robert Smith (musician)">Robert Smith</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Cure" title="The Cure">the Cure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Buck" title="Peter Buck">Peter Buck</a> of <a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kate_Bush" title="Kate Bush">Kate Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Weller" title="Paul Weller">Paul Weller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mann" title="Aimee Mann">Aimee Mann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beck" title="Beck">Beck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robyn_Hitchcock" title="Robyn Hitchcock">Robyn Hitchcock</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Crowes" title="The Black Crowes">the Black Crowes</a>. The first Drake biography appeared in 1997; it was followed in 1998 by the documentary film A Stranger Among Us. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Drake&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanworth_In_Arden,_geograph_5288551_by_Ian_Rob.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tanworth_In_Arden%2C_geograph_5288551_by_Ian_Rob.jpg/220px-Tanworth_In_Arden%2C_geograph_5288551_by_Ian_Rob.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tanworth_In_Arden%2C_geograph_5288551_by_Ian_Rob.jpg/330px-Tanworth_In_Arden%2C_geograph_5288551_by_Ian_Rob.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Tanworth_In_Arden%2C_geograph_5288551_by_Ian_Rob.jpg/440px-Tanworth_In_Arden%2C_geograph_5288551_by_Ian_Rob.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1215" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tanworth-in-Arden" title="Tanworth-in-Arden">Tanworth-in-Arden</a>, Warwickshire, where Drake was raised</figcaption></figure> Nicholas Rodney Drake was born in <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a> on 19 June 1948.<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a> Drake's father, Rodney Shuttleworth Drake (1908–1988), had moved to <a href="/wiki/Yangon" title="Yangon">Rangoon</a>, in the early 1930s as an engineer with the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Burmah_Trading_Corporation" title="Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation">Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> In 1934, Rodney Drake met <a href="/wiki/Molly_Drake" title="Molly Drake">Molly Lloyd</a> (1915–1993), the daughter of a senior member of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Civil_Service" title="Indian Civil Service">Indian Civil Service</a>. He proposed marriage in 1936, but the couple had to wait a year until she turned 21 before her family allowed them to marry.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> In 1951, the Drake family returned to England to live in <a href="/wiki/Warwickshire" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a>,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> at their home, Far Leys, in <a href="/wiki/Tanworth-in-Arden" title="Tanworth-in-Arden">Tanworth-in-Arden</a>, south of <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>. Rodney Drake worked from 1952 as the chairman and managing director of <a href="/wiki/Wolseley_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolseley plc">Wolseley Engineering</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> His older sister, <a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Drake" title="Gabrielle Drake">Gabrielle Drake</a>, became a successful screen actress. Both of Drake's parents wrote music. Recordings of Molly's songs, which have come to light since her death, are similar in tone and outlook to the later work of her son;<a href="#cite_note-ASTF-9">[9]</a> they shared a similar fragile vocal delivery, and Gabrielle and biographer <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Dann" title="Trevor Dann">Trevor Dann</a> noted a parallel foreboding and <a href="/wiki/Fatalism" title="Fatalism">fatalism</a> in their music.<a href="#cite_note-ASTF-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Encouraged by his mother, Drake learned to play piano at an early age and began to compose songs which he recorded on a <a href="/wiki/Reel-to-reel_audio_tape_recording" title="Reel-to-reel audio tape recording">reel-to-reel tape recorder</a> that she kept in the family drawing-room.<a href="#cite_note-Macdonald-11">[11]</a> In 1957, Drake was sent to <a href="/wiki/Eagle_House_School" title="Eagle House School">Eagle House School</a>, a preparatory <a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">boarding school</a> near <a href="/wiki/Sandhurst,_Berkshire" title="Sandhurst, Berkshire">Sandhurst, Berkshire</a>. Five years later, he went to <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_College" title="Marlborough College">Marlborough College</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public school (UK)">public school</a> in Wiltshire which had also been attended by his father and grandfather. He developed an interest in sport, becoming an accomplished 100- and 200-yard sprinter, representing the school's Open Team in 1966. He played <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a> for the C1 House team and was appointed a House Captain in his last two terms.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> School friends recall Drake as having been confident, often aloof, and "quietly authoritative".<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> His father remembered: "In one of his reports [the headmaster] said that none of us seemed to know him very well. All the way through with Nick, people didn't know him very much."<a href="#cite_note-Paphides1-14">[14]</a> Drake played piano and learned <a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saxophone" title="Saxophone">saxophone</a>. He formed a band, the Perfumed Gardeners, with four schoolmates in 1964 or 1965. With Drake on piano and occasional <a href="/wiki/Alto_saxophone" title="Alto saxophone">alto sax</a> and vocals, the group performed <a href="/wiki/Pye_International_Records" title="Pye International Records">Pye International R&B</a> covers and jazz standards, as well as <a href="/wiki/Yardbirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Yardbirds">Yardbirds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Mann" title="Manfred Mann">Manfred Mann</a> songs. <a href="/wiki/Chris_de_Burgh" title="Chris de Burgh">Chris de Burgh</a> asked to join the band, but was rejected as his taste was "too poppy".<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> His attention to his studies deteriorated and, although he had accelerated a year in Eagle House, at Marlborough he neglected his studies in favour of music. In 1963 he attained seven <a href="/wiki/General_Certificate_of_Education" title="General Certificate of Education">GCE O-Levels</a>, fewer than his teachers had been expecting, failing "Physics with Chemistry".<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In 1965, Drake paid £13 (equivalent to £318 in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-17">[17]</a>) for his first acoustic guitar, a <a href="/wiki/Levin_(guitar_company)" title="Levin (guitar company)">Levin</a>, and was soon experimenting with <a href="/wiki/Open_tuning" class="mw-redirect" title="Open tuning">open tuning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finger-picking" class="mw-redirect" title="Finger-picking">finger-picking</a> techniques.<a href="#cite_note-McGrath-18">[18]</a> In 1966, Drake enrolled at a <a href="/wiki/Cram_school" title="Cram school">tutorial college</a> in <a href="/wiki/Five_Ways,_Birmingham" title="Five Ways, Birmingham">Five Ways, Birmingham</a>, where he won a scholarship to study at <a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam_College,_Cambridge" title="Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge">Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> As his place at Cambridge was offered for September 1967, he had 10 months to fill, so he decided to spend six months at the <a href="/wiki/Aix-Marseille_University" title="Aix-Marseille University">University of Aix-Marseille</a>, France, beginning in February 1967. There, he began to practise guitar in earnest. To earn money, he would <a href="/wiki/Busking" class="mw-redirect" title="Busking">busk</a> with friends in the town centre. Drake began to smoke <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a>, and he travelled with friends to Morocco; according to travelling companion Richard Charkin, "that was where you got the best pot".<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> There is some evidence that he began using <a href="/wiki/Lysergic_acid_diethylamide" class="mw-redirect" title="Lysergic acid diethylamide">LSD</a> while in Aix, although this is debated.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fitzwilliam_College_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Fitzwilliam_College_2012.jpg/250px-Fitzwilliam_College_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Fitzwilliam_College_2012.jpg/375px-Fitzwilliam_College_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Fitzwilliam_College_2012.jpg/500px-Fitzwilliam_College_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4267" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam_College,_Cambridge" title="Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge">Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge</a>, where Drake studied English literature</figcaption></figure> Drake returned to England in 1967 and moved into his sister's flat in <a href="/wiki/Hampstead" title="Hampstead">Hampstead</a>, London. That October, he enrolled at Cambridge to begin his studies in <a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English literature</a>.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph-22">[22]</a> His tutors found him bright but unenthusiastic and unwilling to apply himself.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> One of his biographers, <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Dann" title="Trevor Dann">Trevor Dann</a>, notes that he had difficulty connecting with staff and fellow students, and that matriculation photographs from this time portray a sullen young man.<a href="#cite_note-d25-24">[24]</a> Cambridge placed emphasis on its rugby and cricket teams, but Drake had lost interest in sport, preferring to stay in his college room smoking cannabis and playing music. According to fellow student Brian Wells, "They were the rugger buggers and we were the cool people smoking dope."<a href="#cite_note-d25-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Drake&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> In January 1968, Drake met <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kirby" title="Robert Kirby">Robert Kirby</a>, a music student who went on to write many of the string and woodwind arrangements for Drake's first two albums.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> By this time, Drake had discovered the British and American <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> scenes, and was influenced by performers such as <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donovan" title="Donovan">Donovan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Van_Morrison" title="Van Morrison">Van Morrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josh_White" title="Josh White">Josh White</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phil_Ochs" title="Phil Ochs">Phil Ochs</a> (he later cited <a href="/wiki/Randy_Newman" title="Randy Newman">Randy Newman</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">the Beach Boys</a> as influences).<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> He began performing in local clubs and coffee houses around London, and in December 1967, while playing at a five-day event at <a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(venue)" title="Roundhouse (venue)">the Roundhouse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Camden_Town" title="Camden Town">Camden Town</a>, made an impression on <a href="/wiki/Ashley_Hutchings" title="Ashley Hutchings">Ashley Hutchings</a>, bass player with <a href="/wiki/Fairport_Convention" title="Fairport Convention">Fairport Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chronology-28">[28]</a> Hutchings recalls being impressed by Drake's guitar skill, but even more so by his image: "He looked like a star. He looked wonderful, he seemed to be 7 ft [tall]."<a href="#cite_note-Paphides-29">[29]</a> Hutchings introduced Drake to the 25-year-old American producer <a href="/wiki/Joe_Boyd" title="Joe Boyd">Joe Boyd</a>, owner of the production and management company <a href="/wiki/Witchseason_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Witchseason Productions">Witchseason Productions</a>, which at the time was licensed to <a href="/wiki/Island_Records" title="Island Records">Island Records</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Paphides1-14">[14]</a> Boyd, who had discovered Fairport Convention and introduced <a href="/wiki/John_Martyn" title="John Martyn">John Martyn</a> and the <a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_String_Band" title="The Incredible String Band">Incredible String Band</a> to a mainstream audience, was a respected figure in the UK folk scene.<a href="#cite_note-Paphides-29">[29]</a> He and Drake formed an immediate bond, and Boyd acted as a mentor to Drake throughout his career. Impressed by a <a href="/wiki/Stereo-Pak" title="Stereo-Pak">four-track</a> demo recorded in Drake's college room in early 1968, Boyd offered Drake a management, publishing, and production contract. Boyd recalled listening to a <a href="/wiki/Reel-to-reel_audio_tape_recording" title="Reel-to-reel audio tape recording">reel-to-reel</a> home recording Drake had made: "Halfway through the first song, I felt this was pretty special. And I called him up, and he came back in, and we talked, and I just said, 'I'd like to make a record.' He stammered, 'Oh, well, yeah. Okay.' Nick was a man of few words."<a href="#cite_note-Paphides-29">[29]</a> According to Drake's friend Paul Wheeler, Drake had already decided not to complete his third year at Cambridge and was excited about the contract.<a href="#cite_note-Paphides-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Five_Leaves_Left_(1969)">Five Leaves Left (1969)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Drake&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Five Leaves Left (1969)">edit</a>]</div> Drake recorded his debut album <a href="/wiki/Five_Leaves_Left" title="Five Leaves Left">Five Leaves Left</a> later in 1968, with Boyd as producer. He had to skip lectures to travel by train to the sessions in <a href="/wiki/Sound_Techniques" title="Sound Techniques">Sound Techniques</a> studio, London. Inspired by <a href="/wiki/John_Simon_(record_producer)" title="John Simon (record producer)">John Simon</a>'s production of <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a>'s 1967 album <a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Leonard_Cohen" title="Songs of Leonard Cohen">Songs of Leonard Cohen</a>, Boyd was keen to record Drake's voice in a similar close and intimate style, "with no shiny pop <a href="/wiki/Reverb_effect" title="Reverb effect">reverb</a>".<a href="#cite_note-b192-30">[30]</a> He sought to include a string arrangement similar to Simon's, "without overwhelming ... or sounding cheesy".<a href="#cite_note-b192-30">[30]</a> To provide backing, Boyd enlisted contacts from the London <a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a> scene, including Fairport Convention guitarist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Thompson_(musician)" title="Richard Thompson (musician)">Richard Thompson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pentangle_(band)" title="Pentangle (band)">Pentangle</a> bassist <a href="/wiki/Danny_Thompson" title="Danny Thompson">Danny Thompson</a> (no relation).<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Initial recordings did not go well: the sessions were irregular and rushed, taking place during studio downtime borrowed from Fairport Convention's production of their <a href="/wiki/Unhalfbricking" title="Unhalfbricking">Unhalfbricking</a> album. Tension arose as to the direction of the album: Boyd was an advocate of <a href="/wiki/George_Martin" title="George Martin">George Martin</a>'s approach of using the <a href="/wiki/Studio_as_an_instrument" class="mw-redirect" title="Studio as an instrument">studio as an instrument</a>, while Drake preferred a more organic sound. Dann observed that Drake appears "tight and anxious" on bootleg recordings from the sessions, and notes a number of Boyd's unsuccessful attempts at instrumentation.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Both were unhappy with arranger <a href="/wiki/Richard_Anthony_Hewson" title="Richard Anthony Hewson">Richard Anthony Hewson</a>'s contribution, which they felt was too mainstream for Drake's songs.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Drake suggested his college friend Robert Kirby as a replacement. Though Boyd was sceptical about taking on an inexperienced amateur music student, he was impressed by Drake's uncharacteristic assertiveness and agreed to a trial.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Kirby had previously presented Drake with some arrangements for his songs.<a href="#cite_note-Paphides1-14">[14]</a> While Kirby provided most arrangements for the album, its centrepiece, "<a href="/wiki/River_Man" title="River Man">River Man</a>", which echoed the tone of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Delius" title="Frederick Delius">Frederick Delius</a>, was orchestrated by the veteran composer <a href="/wiki/Harry_Robertson_(musician)" title="Harry Robertson (musician)">Harry Robertson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">Post-production</a> difficulties delayed the release by several months, and the album was poorly marketed and supported.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In July, <a href="/wiki/Melody_Maker" title="Melody Maker">Melody Maker</a> described Five Leaves Left as "poetic" and "interesting", though <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a> wrote in October that there was "not nearly enough variety to make it entertaining".<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> It received little radio play outside shows by more progressive BBC DJs such as <a href="/wiki/John_Peel" title="John Peel">John Peel</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Harris_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Harris (radio)">Bob Harris</a>. Drake was unhappy with the inlay sleeve, which printed songs in the wrong running order and reproduced verses omitted from the recorded versions.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In an interview, his sister Gabrielle said: "He was very secretive. I knew he was making an album but I didn't know what stage of completion it was at until he walked into my room and said, 'There you are.' He threw it onto the bed and walked out!"<a href="#cite_note-Paphides1-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bryter_Layter_(1971)">Bryter Layter (1971)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Drake&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bryter Layter (1971)">edit</a>]</div> Drake ended his studies at Cambridge nine months before graduation and in late 1969 moved to London. His father remembered "writing him long letters, pointing out the disadvantages of going away from Cambridge ... a degree was a safety net, if you manage to get a degree, at least you have something to fall back on; his reply to that was that a safety net was the one thing he did not want."<a href="#cite_note-ASTF-9">[9]</a> Drake spent his first few months in London drifting from place to place, occasionally staying at his sister's <a href="/wiki/Kensington" title="Kensington">Kensington</a> flat but usually sleeping on friends' sofas and floors.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Eventually, in an attempt to bring some stability and a telephone into Drake's life, Boyd organised and paid for a ground floor <a href="/wiki/Bedsit" title="Bedsit">bedsit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belsize_Park" title="Belsize Park">Belsize Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Camden" title="London Borough of Camden">Camden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> On 5 August 1969, Drake pre-recorded four songs for the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Night_Ride_(BBC_Radio_2)" title="Night Ride (BBC Radio 2)">Night Ride</a> show presented by <a href="/wiki/John_Peel" title="John Peel">John Peel</a> ("Cello Song", "Three Hours", "River Man" and "Time of No Reply" ), which were broadcast after midnight on 6 August. Nick subsequently recorded Bryter Layter for another BBC radio broadcast, in April 1970. A month after the initial BBC recordings, on 24 September, he opened for Fairport Convention at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Festival_Hall" title="Royal Festival Hall">Royal Festival Hall</a> in London, followed by appearances at folk clubs in Birmingham and Hull. According to the folk singer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chapman_(singer)" title="Michael Chapman (singer)">Michael Chapman</a>, the audiences did not appreciate Drake and wanted "songs with choruses". Chapman said: "They completely missed the point. He didn't say a word the entire evening. It was actually quite painful to watch. I don't know what the audience expected, I mean, they must have known they weren't going to get sea-shanties and sing-alongs at a Nick Drake gig!"<a href="#cite_note-Chronology-28">[28]</a> The experience reinforced Drake's decision to retreat from live appearances; the few concerts he did play were usually brief, awkward, and poorly attended. Drake seemed reluctant to perform and rarely addressed his audience. As many of his songs were played in different tunings, he frequently paused to retune between numbers.<a href="#cite_note-Sandall-43">[43]</a> Although Five Leaves Left attracted little publicity, Boyd was keen to build on what momentum there was. Drake's second album, <a href="/wiki/Bryter_Layter" title="Bryter Layter">Bryter Layter</a> (1971),<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-44">[44]</a> again produced by Boyd and engineered by <a href="/wiki/John_Wood_(record_producer)" title="John Wood (record producer)">John Wood</a>, introduced a more upbeat, jazzier sound.<a href="#cite_note-Unterberger-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Disappointed by his debut's poor sales, Drake sought to move away from his <a href="/wiki/Pastoral" title="Pastoral">pastoral</a> sound and agreed to Boyd's suggestions to include bass and drum tracks. "It was more of a pop sound, I suppose," Boyd later said. "I imagined it as more commercial."<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Like its predecessor, the album featured musicians from Fairport Convention, as well as contributions from <a href="/wiki/John_Cale" title="John Cale">John Cale</a> on two songs: "<a href="/wiki/Northern_Sky" title="Northern Sky">Northern Sky</a>" and "Fly". Trevor Dann noted that while sections of "Northern Sky" sound more characteristic of Cale, the song was the closest Drake came to a release with chart potential.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Bryter Layter was a commercial failure, and reviews were again mixed; <a href="/wiki/Record_Mirror" title="Record Mirror">Record Mirror</a> praised Drake as a "beautiful guitarist—clean and with perfect timing, [and] accompanied by soft, beautiful arrangements", but <a href="/wiki/Melody_Maker" title="Melody Maker">Melody Maker</a> described the album as "an awkward mix of folk and cocktail jazz".<a href="#cite_note-Sandall-43">[43]</a> Soon after its release, Boyd sold Witchseason to Island Records and moved to Los Angeles to work with <a href="/wiki/Warner_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Brothers">Warner Brothers</a> to develop film soundtracks. The loss of his mentor, coupled with the album's poor sales, led Drake into further <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">depression</a>. His attitude to London had changed: he was unhappy living alone, and visibly nervous and uncomfortable performing at a series of concerts in early 1970. In June, Drake gave one of his final live appearances at <a href="/wiki/North_East_Surrey_College_Of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="North East Surrey College Of Technology">Ewell Technical College</a>, Surrey. <a href="/wiki/Ralph_McTell" title="Ralph McTell">Ralph McTell</a>, who also performed that night, remembered: "Nick was monosyllabic. At that particular gig he was very shy. He did the first set and something awful must have happened. He was doing his song 'Fruit Tree' and walked off halfway through it."<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Island Records urged Drake to promote Bryter Layter through interviews, radio sessions, and live appearances. Drake refused. Disappointed by the reaction to Bryter Layter, he turned inwards and withdrew from family and friends.<a href="#cite_note-:2-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pink_Moon_(1972)">Pink Moon (1972)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Drake&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pink Moon (1972)">edit</a>]</div> Although Island had not expected a third album,<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Drake approached Wood in October 1971 to begin work on what would be his final release. Sessions took place over two nights, with only Drake and Wood in the studio.<a href="#cite_note-Macdonald-11">[11]</a> The bleak songs of <a href="/wiki/Pink_Moon" title="Pink Moon">Pink Moon</a> are short, and the eleven-track album lasts only 28 minutes, a length described by Wood as "just about right. You really wouldn't want it to be any longer."<a href="#cite_note-Paphides-29">[29]</a> Drake had expressed dissatisfaction with the sound of Bryter Layter, and believed that the string, brass, and saxophone arrangements resulted in a sound that was "too full, too elaborate".<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Drake appears on Pink Moon accompanied only by his own carefully recorded guitar save for a piano <a href="/wiki/Overdub" class="mw-redirect" title="Overdub">overdub</a> on the title track. Wood later said: "He was very determined to make this very stark, bare record. He definitely wanted it to be him more than anything. And I think, in some ways, Pink Moon is probably more like Nick is than the other two records."<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Drake delivered the tapes of Pink Moon to <a href="/wiki/Chris_Blackwell" title="Chris Blackwell">Chris Blackwell</a> at Island Records, contrary to a popular legend which claims that he dropped them off at the receptionist's desk without saying a word.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> An advertisement for the album in Melody Maker in February opened with "Pink Moon—Nick Drake's latest album: the first we heard of it was when it was finished."<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Pink Moon sold fewer copies than its predecessors, although it received some favourable reviews. In Zigzag, Connor McKnight wrote: "Nick Drake is an artist who never fakes. The album makes no concession to the theory that music should be escapist. It's simply one musician's view of life at the time, and you can't ask for more than that."<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Blackwell felt Pink Moon had the potential to bring Drake to a mainstream audience; however, his staff were disappointed by Drake's unwillingness to promote it. <a href="/wiki/A%26R" class="mw-redirect" title="A&R">A&R</a> manager <a href="/wiki/Muff_Winwood" title="Muff Winwood">Muff Winwood</a> recalled "tearing his hair out" in frustration and said that without Blackwell's enthusiastic support "the rest of us would have given him the boot".<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> At Boyd's insistence, Drake agreed to an interview with Jerry Gilbert of Sounds Magazine.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The "shy and introverted" Drake spoke of his dislike of live appearances and little else.<a href="#cite_note-d163&4-59">[59]</a> "There wasn't any connection whatsoever," Gilbert said. "I don't think he made eye contact with me once."<a href="#cite_note-d163&4-59">[59]</a> Disheartened and convinced he would be unable to write again, Drake retired from music. He toyed with the idea of a different career and considered the army.<a href="#cite_note-barnes-60">[60]</a> His three albums had together sold fewer than 4,000 copies.<a href="#cite_note-Sandall-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_career_(1973)">Later career (1973)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Drake&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later career (1973)">edit</a>]</div> In February 1973, Drake contacted John Wood, saying he was ready to begin work on a fourth album.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-44">[44]</a> Boyd was in England at the time and agreed to attend the recordings. The initial session was followed by recordings in July 1974. In his 2006 autobiography, Boyd recalled being taken aback at Drake's anger and bitterness: "[He said that] I had told him he was a genius, and others had concurred. Why wasn't he famous and rich? This rage must have festered beneath that inexpressive exterior for years."<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Boyd and Wood noticed a deterioration in Drake's performance, requiring him to overdub his voice separately over the guitar. However, the return to the Sound Techniques studio raised Drake's spirits; his mother recalled, "We were so absolutely thrilled to think that Nick was happy because there hadn't been any happiness in Nick's life for years."<a href="#cite_note-Hunt-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Drake&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> In 1971 Drake's family persuaded him to visit a psychiatrist at <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas%27_Hospital" title="St Thomas' Hospital">St Thomas' Hospital</a> in London. He was prescribed <a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">antidepressants</a>, but felt uncomfortable and embarrassed about taking them, and tried to hide the fact from his friends.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> He worried about their side effects and was concerned that they would react with his regular cannabis use.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> By this time, Drake was smoking what Kirby described as "unbelievable amounts" of cannabis<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> and exhibiting "the first signs of <a href="/wiki/Psychosis" title="Psychosis">psychosis</a>". He rarely left his flat, and then only to play an occasional concert or to buy drugs.<a href="#cite_note-:2-49">[49]</a> According to photographer Keith Morris, by 1971 Drake was a "hunched, dishevelled figure, staring vacantly...ignoring the overtures of a friendly labrador or gazing blankly over Hampstead Heath."<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> His sister recalled: "This was a very bad time. He once said to me that everything started to go wrong from [this] time on, and I think that was when things started to go wrong."<a href="#cite_note-:2-49">[49]</a> In the months following Pink Moon's release, Drake became increasingly asocial and distant.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> He returned to live at his parents' home in <a href="/wiki/Tanworth-in-Arden" title="Tanworth-in-Arden">Tanworth-in-Arden</a>, and while he resented the regression, he accepted that it was necessary. "I don't like it at home," he told his mother, "but I can't bear it anywhere else."<a href="#cite_note-ASTF-9">[9]</a> His return was often difficult for his family, as Gabrielle said: "Good days in my parents' home were good days for Nick, and bad days were bad days for Nick. And that was what their life revolved around, really."<a href="#cite_note-Paphides-29">[29]</a> Drake lived a frugal existence; his only income was a £20-a-week retainer from Island Records (equivalent to £306 in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-17">[17]</a>). At one point he could not afford a new pair of shoes.<a href="#cite_note-NKent-69">[69]</a> He would disappear for days, sometimes arriving unannounced at friends' houses, uncommunicative and withdrawn. Robert Kirby described a typical visit: "He would arrive and not talk, sit down, listen to music, have a smoke, have a drink, sleep there the night, and two or three days later he wasn't there, he'd be gone. And three months later he'd be back."<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Nick's supervision partner at Cambridge, John Venning, saw him on an underground train in London and felt he was seriously depressed: "There was something about him which suggested that he would have looked straight through me and not registered me at all. So I turned around."<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Drake was a close personal friend of fellow folk musicians <a href="/wiki/John_Martyn" title="John Martyn">John</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beverley_Martyn" title="Beverley Martyn">Beverley Martyn</a>, and visited them regularly when they lived in London and subsequently <a href="/wiki/Hastings" title="Hastings">Hastings</a>. Martyn later wrote the title song of his 1973 album <a href="/wiki/Solid_Air" title="Solid Air">Solid Air</a> about Drake and described him, in this period, as the most withdrawn person he had ever met.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-72">[72]</a> Drake would borrow his mother's car and drive for hours without purpose, until he ran out of petrol and had to ring his parents to ask to be collected. Friends recalled the extent to which his appearance had changed.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> During particularly bleak periods, he refused to wash his hair or cut his nails.<a href="#cite_note-barnes-60">[60]</a> Early in 1972, Drake had a <a href="/wiki/Nervous_breakdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Nervous breakdown">nervous breakdown</a>, and was hospitalised for five weeks.<a href="#cite_note-Hunt-62">[62]</a> He was initially believed to have <a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">major depression</a>, although his former therapist suggested he had <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cole-74">[74]</a> By late 1974, Drake's weekly retainer from Island had ceased, and his depression meant that he remained in contact with only a few close friends. He had tried to stay in touch with Sophia Ryde, whom he had met in London in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Ryde has been described by Drake's biographers as "the nearest thing" to a girlfriend in his life, but she used the description "best (girl) friend".<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> In a 2005 interview, Ryde said that a week before he died, she had sought to end the relationship: "I couldn't cope with it. I asked him for some time. And I never saw him again."<a href="#cite_note-:6-77">[77]</a> As with the relationship he had shared with fellow folk musician <a href="/wiki/Linda_Thompson_(singer)" title="Linda Thompson (singer)">Linda Thompson</a>, it appears that Drake's relationship with Ryde was not consummated.<a href="#cite_note-:6-77">[77]</a> John Martyn claimed to have had a heated argument with Drake around a month before the latter's death which was never reconciled. <a href="/wiki/Phill_Brown" title="Phill Brown">Phill Brown</a> later said that this "destroyed" Martyn.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Drake&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drake%27s_Family_Grave_Gravestone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Drake%27s_Family_Grave_Gravestone.jpg/170px-Drake%27s_Family_Grave_Gravestone.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Drake%27s_Family_Grave_Gravestone.jpg/255px-Drake%27s_Family_Grave_Gravestone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Drake%27s_Family_Grave_Gravestone.jpg/340px-Drake%27s_Family_Grave_Gravestone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2017" data-file-height="2710" /></a><figcaption>The grave where Drake's ashes are buried with those of his parents.<a href="#cite_note-gab-79">[79]</a> The gravestone is inscribed with the <a href="/wiki/Epitaph" title="Epitaph">epitaph</a> "Now we rise / And we are everywhere", taken from the lyrics of "From the Morning", the final song on Drake's final album, <a href="/wiki/Pink_Moon" title="Pink Moon">Pink Moon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gab-79">[79]</a></figcaption></figure>During the early hours of 25 November 1974, Drake died in his bedroom at Far Leys. He had gone to bed early after spending the afternoon visiting a friend. His mother said that around dawn he left his room for the kitchen. His family had heard him do this many times before, and presumed he was eating cereal. He returned to his room a short while later, where it is believed that he took an overdose of <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">amitriptyline</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant" title="Tricyclic antidepressant">antidepressant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Drake had been accustomed to keeping his own hours; he frequently had difficulty sleeping and often stayed up through the night playing and listening to music, then slept late into the following morning. His mother later said: "I never used to disturb him at all. But it was about 12 o'clock, and I went in, because really it seemed it was time he got up. And he was lying across the bed. The first thing I saw was his long, long legs."<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> According to Rodney Drake's personal diary, Nick's body was first discovered by their housemaid who looked in on Drake around 11:45 and called out to Molly who went in to discover he was dead.<a href="#cite_note-Cole-74">[74]</a> There was no <a href="/wiki/Suicide_note" title="Suicide note">suicide note</a>, although a letter addressed to Ryde was found close to his bed.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> At the inquest on 18 December, the coroner stated that the cause of death was "Acute amitriptyline poisoning—self-administered when suffering from a depressive illness" and concluded a verdict of suicide.<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-22">[22]</a> The inquest revealed "a minimum of 35 [amitriptyline] pills' worth from stomach samples and up to a further 50 from blood samples".<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> On 2 December 1974, after a service in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Mary_Magdalene,_Tanworth-in-Arden" title="Church of St Mary Magdalene, Tanworth-in-Arden">Church of St Mary Magdalene, Tanworth-in-Arden</a>, Drake's remains were cremated at <a href="/wiki/Solihull" title="Solihull">Solihull</a> Crematorium and his ashes interred under an oak tree in the church's graveyard.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The funeral was attended by around fifty mourners, including friends from Marlborough, Aix, Cambridge, London, Witchseason, and Tanworth.<a href="#cite_note-Dann_2006,_193–194-85">[85]</a> Referring to Drake's tendency to compartmentalise relationships, Brian Wells observed that many met each other for the first time that morning.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> His mother recalled "a lot of his young friends came up here. We'd never met many of them."<a href="#cite_note-Dann_2006,_193–194-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_and_lyrical_style">Musical and lyrical style</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Drake&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Musical and lyrical style">edit</a>]</div> Drake was obsessive about practising his guitar technique, and would stay up through the night writing and experimenting with <a href="/wiki/Scordatura" title="Scordatura">alternative tunings</a>. His mother remembered hearing him "bumping around at all hours. I think he wrote his nicest melodies in the early morning hours."<a href="#cite_note-McGrath-18">[18]</a> Self-taught,<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> he achieved his guitar style through the use of alternative tunings to create <a href="/wiki/Tone_cluster" title="Tone cluster">cluster chords</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Frederick-88">[88]</a> which are difficult to achieve on a guitar using <a href="/wiki/Standard_tuning" title="Standard tuning">standard tuning</a>. Similarly, many of his vocal melodies rest on the <a href="/wiki/Extended_chord" title="Extended chord">extensions</a> of chords, not just on notes of the triad.<a href="#cite_note-Frederick-88">[88]</a> He sang in the <a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">baritone</a> range, often quietly and with little projection.<a href="#cite_note-:5-89">[89]</a> Drake was drawn to the works of <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats" class="mw-redirect" title="William Butler Yeats">William Butler Yeats</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Vaughan" title="Henry Vaughan">Henry Vaughan</a>, whose influences are reflected in his lyrics.<a href="#cite_note-Macdonald-11">[11]</a> He also employed a series of elemental<a href="#cite_note-RS_PM-90">[90]</a> symbols and codes, largely drawn from nature. The moon, stars, sea, rain, trees, sky, mist, and seasons are all commonly used, influenced in part by his rural upbringing. Images related to summer figure centrally in his early work; from Bryter Layter on, his language is more autumnal, evoking a season commonly used to convey senses of loss and sorrow.<a href="#cite_note-Macdonald-11">[11]</a> Throughout, Drake writes with detachment, more as an observer than a participant, a point of view <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling Stone (magazine)">Rolling Stone's</a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_DeCurtis" title="Anthony DeCurtis">Anthony DeCurtis</a> described "as if he were viewing his life from a great, unbridgeable distance".<a href="#cite_note-RS_PM-90">[90]</a> Drake's perceived inability to connect has caused speculation about his sexuality.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Boyd detected a <a href="/wiki/Virgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin">virginal</a> quality in Drake's lyrics and music, and notes that he never knew of him behaving in a sexual way with anyone, male or female.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Kirby described Drake's lyrics as a "series of extremely vivid, complete observations, almost like a series of <a href="/wiki/Epigrammatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Epigrammatic">epigrammatic</a> proverbs", though he doubts that Drake saw himself as "any sort of poet". Instead, Kirby believes that Drake's lyrics were crafted to "complement and compound a mood that the melody dictates in the first place".<a href="#cite_note-NKent-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Posthumous_popularity_and_legacy">Posthumous popularity and legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Drake&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Posthumous popularity and legacy">edit</a>]</div> There were no documentaries or compilation albums in the wake of Drake's death.<a href="#cite_note-Dann_2006,_193–194-85">[85]</a> His public profile remained low throughout the 1970s, although his name appeared occasionally in the music press. By this time, his parents were receiving an increasing number of fans at the family home. Following a 1975 NME article by Nick Kent, Island Records said they had no plans to reissue Drake's albums,<a href="#cite_note-h238-93">[93]</a> but in 1979 Rob Partridge joined Island Records as press officer and commissioned the release of the <a href="/wiki/Fruit_Tree_(Nick_Drake_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit Tree (Nick Drake album)">Fruit Tree</a> box set. The release compiled Drake's three studio albums, the four tracks he recorded with Wood in 1974 and an extensive biography written by the American journalist <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lubow" title="Arthur Lubow">Arthur Lubow</a>. Although sales were poor, Island Records did not delete the albums from its catalogue.<a href="#cite_note-h238-93">[93]</a> By the mid-1980s, Drake was being cited as an influence by musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Kate_Bush" title="Kate Bush">Kate Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Weller" title="Paul Weller">Paul Weller</a>, the <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Crowes" title="The Black Crowes">Black Crowes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:1-94">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Buck" title="Peter Buck">Peter Buck</a> of <a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(musician)" title="Robert Smith (musician)">Robert Smith</a> of the <a href="/wiki/The_Cure" title="The Cure">Cure</a>. Drake gained further exposure in 1985 when <a href="/wiki/The_Dream_Academy" title="The Dream Academy">the Dream Academy</a> included a dedication to Drake on the sleeve of its hit single "<a href="/wiki/Life_in_a_Northern_Town" title="Life in a Northern Town">Life in a Northern Town</a>".<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> In 1986, a biography of Drake was published in Danish;<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> an updated version with new interviews was published in English in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> By the end of the 1980s his name was appearing regularly in newspapers and music magazines in the UK,<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> where he frequently was cast in the role of the "doomed <a href="/wiki/Romantic_hero" title="Romantic hero">romantic hero</a>".<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The earliest Drake profile in a U.S. magazine was the article "Hanging On A Star" by <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a> critic <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/stores/Peter-Kurtz/author/B00B9G37ZY?ref=sr_ntt_srch_lnk_1&qid=1724609516&sr=1-1&isDramIntegrated=true&shoppingPortalEnabled=true">Peter Kurtz</a>, which appeared in the 3 September 1993 issue of <a href="/wiki/Goldmine_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Goldmine Magazine">Goldmine Magazine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The first biography of Drake in English was published in November 1997 by Patrick Humphries. On 20 June 1998, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">BBC Radio 2</a> broadcast a documentary, Fruit Tree: The Nick Drake Story, featuring interviews with Boyd, Wood, Gabrielle and Molly Drake, Paul Wheeler, Robert Kirby, and Ashley Hutchings, and narrated by Danny Thompson.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In early 1999, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a> broadcast a 40-minute documentary, A Stranger Among Us—In Search of Nick Drake. The following year, Dutch director Jeroen Berkvens released the documentary A Skin Too Few: The Days of Nick Drake, featuring interviews with Boyd, Gabrielle Drake, Wood and Kirby. Later that year, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> named Bryter Layter the best alternative album of all time.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-72">[72]</a> In 1999, "Pink Moon" was used in a <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> commercial, boosting Drake's US album sales from about 6,000 copies in 1999 to 74,000 in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-boston.com-104">[104]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> saw this as an example of how, following the consolidation of US radio stations, previously unknown music was finding audiences through advertising.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Fans used the <a href="/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing">filesharing</a> software <a href="/wiki/Napster" title="Napster">Napster</a> to circulate digital copies of Drake's music. According to <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>, "The chronic shyness and mental illness that made it hard for Drake to compete with 1970s showmen like <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> didn't matter when his songs were being pulled one by one out of the ether and played late at night in a dorm room."<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[103]</a> Over the following years, Drake's songs appeared in soundtracks of "quirky, youthful" films such as <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Tenenbaums" title="The Royal Tenenbaums">The Royal Tenenbaums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serendipity_(film)" title="Serendipity (film)">Serendipity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Garden_State_(film)" title="Garden State (film)">Garden State</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Made_to_Love_Magic" title="Made to Love Magic">Made to Love Magic</a>, an album of outtakes and remixes released by Island Records in 2004, far exceeded Drake's lifetime sales.<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[103]</a> The American musician <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Sheik" title="Duncan Sheik">Duncan Sheik</a> released an album of songs inspired by Drake, <a href="/wiki/Phantom_Moon" title="Phantom Moon">Phantom Moon</a>, in 2001. In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Kele_Okereke" title="Kele Okereke">Kele Okereke</a> cited Pink Moon as an influence on his third solo album, <a href="/wiki/Fatherland_(album)" title="Fatherland (album)">Fatherland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-106">[106]</a> In November 2014, Gabrielle Drake published a companion to her brother's music.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> An authorised biography by Richard Morton Jack was published in June 2023, with a foreword by Gabrielle Drake.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Other contemporary artists influenced by Drake include <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(singer)" title="José González (singer)">José González</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:4-109">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bon_Iver" title="Bon Iver">Bon Iver</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:4-109">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Iron_%26_Wine" title="Iron & Wine">Iron & Wine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:4-109">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexi_Murdoch" title="Alexi Murdoch">Alexi Murdoch</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-109">[109]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Selway" title="Philip Selway">Philip Selway</a> of <a href="/wiki/Radiohead" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In 2023, <a href="/wiki/Chrysalis_Records" title="Chrysalis Records">Chrysalis Records</a> released <a href="/wiki/The_Endless_Coloured_Ways:_The_Songs_of_Nick_Drake" title="The Endless Coloured Ways: The Songs of Nick Drake">The Endless Coloured Ways – The Songs of Nick Drake</a>, a tribute album featuring artists including Selway, <a href="/wiki/Liz_Phair" title="Liz Phair">Liz Phair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feist_(singer)" title="Feist (singer)">Feist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> In 1994, the Rolling Stone journalist Paul Evans said Drake's music "throbs with [an] aching beauty" similar to the 1968 <a href="/wiki/Van_Morrison" title="Van Morrison">Van Morrison</a> album <a href="/wiki/Astral_Weeks" title="Astral Weeks">Astral Weeks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a> critic <a href="/wiki/Richie_Unterberger" title="Richie Unterberger">Richie Unterberger</a>, Drake was a "singular talent" who "produced several albums of chilling, somber beauty", now "recognized as peak achievements of both the British folk-rock scene and the entire rock singer/songwriter genre". Unterberger felt that Drake's following spanned generations "in the manner of the young <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic</a> poets of the 19th century who died before their time ... <a href="/wiki/Baby_boomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Baby boomer">Baby boomers</a> who missed him the first time around found much to revisit once they discovered him, and his pensive loneliness speaks directly to contemporary <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rockers</a> who share his sense of morose alienation."<a href="#cite_note-Unterberger-3">[3]</a> The American critic <a href="/wiki/Robert_Christgau" title="Robert Christgau">Robert Christgau</a> wrote in <a href="/wiki/Christgau%27s_Record_Guide:_Rock_Albums_of_the_Seventies" title="Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies">Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies</a> (1981): "Drake's jazzy folk-pop is admired by a lot of people who have no use for <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Rankin" title="Kenny Rankin">Kenny Rankin</a>, and I prefer to leave open the possibility that he's yet another English mystic (romantic?) I'm too set in my ways to hear."<a href="#cite_note-Xgau-2">[2]</a> Drake's music featured in a <a href="/wiki/BBC_Proms" title="BBC Proms">BBC Prom</a> concert titled "Nick Drake: an Orchestral Celebration", at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a>, on 24 July 2024 when some of his songs were performed by a selection of artists; <a href="/wiki/Olivia_Chaney" title="Olivia Chaney">Olivia Chaney</a>, <a href="/wiki/B.C._Camplight" title="B.C. Camplight">B.C._Camplight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marika_Hackman" title="Marika Hackman">Marika Hackman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Matthews" title="Scott Matthews">Scott Matthews</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Unthanks" title="The Unthanks">The Unthanks</a> joining the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Symphony_Orchestra" title="BBC Symphony Orchestra">BBC Symphony Orchestra</a>, conducted by <a href="/wiki/Jules_Buckley" title="Jules Buckley">Jules Buckley</a>. The concert – which also featured Drake’s sister, Gabrielle on stage reading lines composed by their mother – commemorated the 50th anniversary year of Drake's death.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Drake&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Discography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nick_Drake_discography" title="Nick Drake discography">Nick Drake discography</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Leaves_Left" title="Five Leaves Left">Five Leaves Left</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryter_Layter" title="Bryter Layter">Bryter Layter</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Moon" title="Pink Moon">Pink Moon</a> (1972)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Drake&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTerich2014" class="citation web cs1">Terich, Jeff (21 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americansongwriter.com/nick-drake-tuck-box/">"Review: Nick Drake - Tuck Box"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Songwriter" title="American Songwriter">American Songwriter</a>. 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The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Greek%2C+without+the+sex%27%3A+Nick+Drake+and+John+Martyn%27s+folk+bromance&rft.date=2020-07-15&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2020%2Fjul%2F15%2Fnick-drake-john-martyn-complex-friendship-small-hours-extract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Drake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gab-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gab_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gab_79-1">b</a> Drake, Gabrielle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brytermusic.com/molly-drake">Molly Drake profile</a>, BryterMusic.com (2012). </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Dann (2006), p. 184. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Humphries (1997), pp. 213–14. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Dann (2006), p. 187. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton_JackDrake2023" class="citation book cs1">Morton Jack, Richard; Drake, Gabrielle (2023). Nick Drake: the life. London: John Murray. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5293-0809-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5293-0809-9"><bdi>978-1-5293-0809-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nick+Drake%3A+the+life&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-5293-0809-9&rft.aulast=Morton+Jack&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Drake%2C+Gabrielle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Drake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Humphries (1997), p. 215. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dann_2006,_193–194-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dann_2006,_193–194_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dann_2006,_193–194_85-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dann_2006,_193–194_85-2">c</a> Dann (2006), pp. 193–94. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Humphries (1997), p. 75. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2002" class="citation magazine cs1">Sullivan, Denise (6 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-news/nick-drake-comes-to-life-in-film-197316/">"Nick Drake Comes to Life in Film"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. 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Retrieved 26 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RobinFrederick.com&rft.atitle=Nick+Drake+%E2%80%94+A+Place+To+Be&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Frederick&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frobinfrederick.com%2Fnick-drake-place-to-be%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Drake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-89"><a href="#cite_ref-:5_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevith2013" class="citation web cs1">Levith, Will (26 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diffuser.fm/artists-that-owe-nick-drake-a-round/">"10 Artists That Owe Nick Drake a Round"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Townsquare_Media" title="Townsquare Media">Diffuser.fm</a>. 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Retrieved 31 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Pink+Moon&rft.date=2000-02-17&rft.aulast=DeCurtis&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-album-reviews%2Fpink-moon-nick-drake-album-204646%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Drake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Dann (2006), p. 217. </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Boyd (2006), p. 263. </li> <li id="cite_note-h238-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h238_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-h238_93-1">b</a> Humphries (1997), p. 238. </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-94"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_94-0">^</a> Dann (2006), 201 </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Fitzsimmons, Mick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio2/r2music/documentaries/nickdrake/nickdrake_influences.shtml">"Nick Drake — Under the Influence"</a>, BBC.co.uk; retrieved 2 September 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Rasmussen (1986). </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> Rasmussen (2012). </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Dann (2006), p. 206. </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Southall, Nick. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/nick-drake/made-to-love-magic.htm">Made To Love Magic"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070126041344/http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/nick-drake/made-to-love-magic.htm">Archived</a> 26 January 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, stylusmagazine.com, 3 June 2003; retrieved 2 February 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Kurtz, Peter. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goldminemag.com/reviews/nick-drake/hanging-on-a-star.htm">Hanging On A Star"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19930903041344/http://www.goldminemag.com/reviews/nick-drake/hanging-on-a-star.htm">Archived</a> 3 September 1993 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, goldminemag.com, 3 September 1993; retrieved 25 August 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000304135906/http://www.algonet.se/~iguana/DRAKE/fruittreedoc.html">"Transcript of documentary reproduced on "The Nick Drake Files" website"</a>. algonet.se. 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The Atlantic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2014/11/how-the-internet-and-volkswagen-made-a-dead-folksinger-into-a-star/383145/">the original</a> on 24 April 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=How+the+Internet+%28and+Volkswagen%29+Made+a+Dead+Folksinger+Into+a+Star&rft.date=2014-11-25&rft.aulast=Rothenberg+Grtiz&rft.aufirst=Jennie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fentertainment%2Farchive%2F2014%2F11%2Fhow-the-internet-and-volkswagen-made-a-dead-folksinger-into-a-star%2F383145%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Drake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-boston.com-104"><a href="#cite_ref-boston.com_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaton2016" class="citation web cs1">Eaton, Perry (21 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/culture/music/2016/07/21/four-boston-ad-professionals-volkswagen-shed-light-almost-forgotten-music-career/">"How four Boston ad professionals and a Volkswagen shed light on an almost-forgotten music career"</a>. Boston.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620080509/https://www.boston.com/culture/music/2016/07/21/four-boston-ad-professionals-volkswagen-shed-light-almost-forgotten-music-career/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boston.com&rft.atitle=How+four+Boston+ad+professionals+and+a+Volkswagen+shed+light+on+an+almost-forgotten+music+career&rft.date=2016-07-21&rft.aulast=Eaton&rft.aufirst=Perry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fculture%2Fmusic%2F2016%2F07%2F21%2Ffour-boston-ad-professionals-volkswagen-shed-light-almost-forgotten-music-career%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Drake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoenburg2001" class="citation web cs1">Schoenburg, Nara (11 April 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-apr-11-ca-49418-story.html">"From Obscurity to Hit in 1 TV Commercial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Los Angeles, California. Retrieved 11 April 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=From+Obscurity+to+Hit+in+1+TV+Commercial&rft.date=2001-04-11&rft.aulast=Schoenburg&rft.aufirst=Nara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2001-apr-11-ca-49418-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Drake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-106"><a href="#cite_ref-auto_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nbhap.com/stories/fatherland-interview-kele-okereke-pink-moon-nick-drake">"Fascinating Melancholia: Bloc Party's Kele Okereke on 'Pink Moon' by Nick Drake"</a>. 9 October 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fascinating+Melancholia%3A+Bloc+Party%27s+Kele+Okereke+on+%27Pink+Moon%27+by+Nick+Drake&rft.date=2017-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnbhap.com%2Fstories%2Ffatherland-interview-kele-okereke-pink-moon-nick-drake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Drake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> Drake, G. and Callomon, C. (2015), Nick Drake: Remembered for a While, London: <a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)" title="John Murray (publishing house)">John Murray</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1444792591" title="Special:BookSources/978-1444792591">978-1444792591</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJack2023" class="citation book cs1">Jack, Richard Morton (8 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rxMhEAAAQBAJ">Nick Drake: The Life</a>. 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Retrieved 6 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Consequence&rft.atitle=Nick+Drake+Tribute+Album+Features+Feist%2C+Liz+Phair+%26+More%3A+Stream&rft.date=2023-07-07&rft.aulast=Brasil&rft.aufirst=Sydney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconsequence.net%2F2023%2F07%2Fendless-coloured-ways-nick-drake-tribute-album-stream%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Drake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans1994" class="citation magazine cs1">Evans, Paul (29 December 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/way-to-blue-an-introduction-to-nick-drake-124433/">"Way To Blue: An Introduction To Nick Drake"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. Retrieved 29 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Way+To+Blue%3A+An+Introduction+To+Nick+Drake&rft.date=1994-12-29&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-album-reviews%2Fway-to-blue-an-introduction-to-nick-drake-124433%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Drake" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/events/e4wp8g">"Prom 8: Nick Drake – An Orchestral Celebration"</a>. BBC. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Prom+8%3A+Nick+Drake+%E2%80%93+An+Orchestral+Celebration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fevents%2Fe4wp8g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANick+Drake" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Drake&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Boyd" title="Joe Boyd">Boyd, Joe</a> (2006). White Bicycles – Making Music in the 1960s, Serpent's Tail. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85242-910-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85242-910-2">978-1-85242-910-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cale" title="John Cale">Cale, John</a> (1999). What's Welsh for Zen, Bloomsbury. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-4383-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-4383-1">978-0-7475-4383-1</a></li> <li>Chartier, Henry (2008). "Nick Drake : l'abécédaire", Le Bord de l'eau (in French) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-35687-002-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-35687-002-5">978-2-35687-002-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Dann" title="Trevor Dann">Dann, Trevor</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fOdbp8I_vyAC">Darker Than the Deepest Sea: The Search for Nick Drake</a>, Da Capo Press. London. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81520-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81520-1">978-0-306-81520-1</a></li> <li>De Angelis, Paola (2007). "Journey to the Stars — I testi di Nick Drake", Arcana Editrice (in Italian)</li> <li>Drake, Gabrielle and Callomon, C. (2015), Nick Drake: Remembered for a While, London: John Murray; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1444792591" title="Special:BookSources/978-1444792591">978-1444792591</a></li> <li>Drake, Nick: Under Review DVD (2007) ASIN: B000TV4PZG</li> <li>Hogan, Peter K. (2008). Nick Drake: The Complete Guide to His Music.</li> <li>Humphries, Patrick (1997). Nick Drake: The Biography, Bloomsbury USA. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58234-035-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58234-035-7">978-1-58234-035-7</a></li> <li>Petrusich, Amanda (2007). 33<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1⁄3 Nick Drake's Pink Moon. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-2790-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-2790-8">978-0-8264-2790-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorm_Henrik_Rasmussen" title="Gorm Henrik Rasmussen">Rasmussen, Gorm Henrik</a> (1986). Pink Moon — Sangeren og guitaristen Nick Drake (in Danish), Forlaget Hovedland.</li> <li>Rasmussen, Gorm Henrik (2012). Pink Moon: A Story about Nick Drake, Rocket 88. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906615-28-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906615-28-4">978-1-906615-28-4</a></li> <li>Various sources (2003). Way to Blue: An Introduction to Nick Drake, Omnibus Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-8179-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-8179-9">978-0-7119-8179-9</a></li> <li>Various sources (2003). The Nick Drake Song Collection, Music Sales. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-4464-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-4464-0">978-0-7119-4464-0</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Drake&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header">Listen to this article (34 minutes)</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-files"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="2032" data-mwtitle="En_wikipedia_Nick_Drake.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/En_wikipedia_Nick_Drake.ogg" 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dated 16 January 2012 (2012-01-16), and does not reflect subsequent edits.</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-footer">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a>)</div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brytermusic.com/">Bryter Music: The Estate of Nick Drake</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paulmagnussen.com/singer-songwriter.html">Gabrielle Drake</a> (Nick's sister) interviewed on BBC Radio (2005)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/three-records-from-sundown/">"Three Records From Sundown" - documentary by Charles Maynes w interviews of Joe Boyd</a> - via 99% Invisible (18 November 2014)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nick_Drake" title="Template:Nick Drake"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nick_Drake" title="Template talk:Nick Drake"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nick_Drake" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nick Drake"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nick_Drake" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nick Drake</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Leaves_Left" title="Five Leaves Left">Five Leaves Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryter_Layter" title="Bryter Layter">Bryter Layter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Moon" title="Pink Moon">Pink Moon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilation albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Drake_(album)" title="Nick Drake (album)">Nick Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_Tree_(box_set)" title="Fruit Tree (box set)">Fruit Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaven_in_a_Wild_Flower" title="Heaven in a Wild Flower">Heaven in a Wild Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_of_No_Reply" title="Time of No Reply">Time of No Reply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Way_to_Blue" title="Way to Blue">Way to Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Made_to_Love_Magic" title="Made to Love Magic">Made to Love Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Treasury" title="A Treasury">A Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Tree_(Nick_Drake_album)" title="Family Tree (Nick Drake album)">Family Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuck_Box" title="Tuck Box">Tuck Box</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Northern_Sky" title="Northern Sky">Northern Sky</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Magic_(Nick_Drake_song)" title="Magic (Nick Drake song)">Magic</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/River_Man" title="River Man">River Man</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribute albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nine_of_Swords_(album)" title="Nine of Swords (album)">Nine of Swords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Grace:_The_Music_of_Nick_Drake" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Grace: The Music of Nick Drake">Second Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Endless_Coloured_Ways:_The_Songs_of_Nick_Drake" title="The Endless Coloured Ways: The Songs of Nick Drake">The Endless Coloured Ways: The Songs of Nick Drake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Drake_discography" title="Nick Drake discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Nick_Drake" title="List of songs recorded by Nick Drake">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Drake" title="Gabrielle Drake">Gabrielle Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Drake" title="Molly Drake">Molly Drake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" 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this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000059435149">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/42030749">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/323094/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/121181189">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n93054840">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139444183">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139444183">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00982743">Japan</a></li><li>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UBOV506002">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20060609003&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1627862">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073634549">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810688281305606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007398510505171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058516260306706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/99ea432a-e3d8-42cb-9d5e-db316a6a8458">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd121181189.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/162541813">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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