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cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Vigila</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_tonals_al_m%C3%B3n&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Modifica</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>Una <b>llengua tonal</b> és una <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llengua_natural?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llengua natural">llengua</a> en què el contorn de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Freq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Freqüència">freqüència</a> fonamental amb què es pronuncia cada síl·laba serveix per a crear <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonologia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonologia">contrasts fonològics</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parell_m%C3%ADnim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parell mínim">parells mínims</a>.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Tonal_languages.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tonal_languages.png/450px-Tonal_languages.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tonal_languages.png/675px-Tonal_languages.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Tonal_languages.png 2x" data-file-width="803" data-file-height="428"></a> <figcaption> Distribució de les llengües tonals al llarg del món </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ca" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contingut</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tonals_al_m%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Distribuci%C3%B3"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Distribució</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tonals_al_m%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Exemples"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Exemples</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tonals_al_m%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Refer%C3%A8ncies"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Referències</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tonals_al_m%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vegeu_tamb%C3%A9"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Vegeu també</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Distribució"><span id="Distribuci.C3.B3"></span>Distribució</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_tonals_al_m%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Distribució" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/To_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="To (lingüística)">to</a> és una característica fonològica que apareix en tots els continents, tot i que l'exemple típic són les llengües xineses d'Àsia. Un estudi sobre un ampli conjunt de llengües comprova que prop del 40% de les llengües són tonals.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tonals_al_m%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malgrat la seua àmplia difusió al món, les llengües tonals es concentren bàsicament en cinc zones:</p> <ol> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Extrem_Orient?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Extrem Orient">Extrem Orient</a> (família <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_sinotibetanes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llengües sinotibetanes">sinotibetana</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vietnamita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vietnamita">vietnamita</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80frica_Occidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Àfrica Occidental">Àfrica occidental</a> subsahariana i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_bantus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llengües bantus">llengües bantus</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_Guinea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova Guinea">Nova Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesoam%C3%A8rica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesoamèrica">Mesoamèrica</a> (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otomang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Otomang">llengües otomang</a>) i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Na-den%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Na-dené">llengües na-dené</a> a Amèrica del Nord</li> <li>Moltes llengües i famílies de la selva amazònica</li> </ol> <p>Entre les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_d%27Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llengües d'Europa">llengües europees</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suec">suec</a> té dos tons (greu o baix i agut o alt) que són contrastius en els mots d'un <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lexema?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lexema">lexema</a>, a diferència dels composts.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Exemples">Exemples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_tonals_al_m%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Exemples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xin%C3%A8s_mandar%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinès mandarí">xinès mandarí</a> és un idioma tonal. Té quatre tons principals:</p> <ul> <li>El primer to, que es pronuncia de manera sostinguda, sense variació.</li> <li>El segon to, que comença baix i acaba alt, tal com fem en català quan formulem una pregunta.</li> <li>El tercer to, que comença mitjà, després baixa molt i acaba alt.</li> <li>El quart to, que comença agut i acaba baix.</li> <li>El to neutre, que es caracteritza per ser curt, usat bàsicament en partícules auxiliars (tot i que en realitat el to de les quals depén del to de la síl·laba anterior, i n'és el següent o el primer si n'és el quart el de la síl·laba precedent).</li> </ul> <p>Cal dir que el tercer to, tal vegada el més difícil de pronunciar, té la qualitat de convertir-se en un segon to quan el precedeix un altre tercer to, i que quan es pronuncia acompanyat d'altres síl·labes (en la majoria dels casos) no es pronuncia el final elevat, sinó que resta com en un to baix.</p> <p>La importància de la correcta pronúncia dels tons és gran, perquè pot donar motiu a malentesos i confusions. Per exemple, la síl·laba següent:</p> <ul> <li><i>mā</i>, en primer to, significa 'mare' en xinés, entre altres coses.</li> <li><i>má</i>, en segon to, pot significar 'sèsam'.</li> <li><i>mǎ</i>, en tercer to, pot significar 'cavall'.</li> <li><i>mà</i>, en quart to, significa 'renyar'.</li> <li><i>ma</i>, sense to, és una <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula_gramatical?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Partícula gramatical">partícula</a> interrogativa. A voltes s'indica sense marca o amb un punt (·) -indicant que no té un contorn específic- i la realització concreta en depén del to de les síl·labes adjacents. Els gramàtics del mandarí es refereixen a aquest to com el <i>to lleuger</i> (輕聲).</li> </ul> <p>Gràcies al to es poden construir oracions inusuals però comprensibles com aquestes:</p> <dl> <dd> 妈妈骂麻马吗? (en caràcters tradicionals 媽媽罵麻馬嗎?) </dd> <dd> <i>māma mà má mǎ ma?</i> </dd> <dd> 'Està la mare renyant al cavall de sèsam?' </dd> </dl> <dl> <dd> 妈妈骂马吗 </dd> <dd> <i>māma mà mǎ ma</i> </dd> <dd> 'la mare insulta al cavall?'<sup id="cite_ref-institucional_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tonals_al_m%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-institucional-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </dd> </dl> <p>En les síl·labes anteriors, però, hi ha uns quants caràcters diferents amb significats també diferents, que veient-los escrits creen dubtes, i en el llenguatge parlat, tot i que sonen igual, es poden distingir pel context.</p> <p>En canvi, el poema de Zhào Yuánrèn «施氏食獅史» (<i>shīshìshíshīshǐ</i>, o siga 'Poeta menjalleons en el cau') ha de comunicar-se per escrit, perquè verbalment és impossible d'esclarir:</p> <dl> <dd> 石室诗士施氏，嗜狮，誓食十狮。施氏时时适市视狮。十时，适十狮适市。是时，适施氏适市。施氏视十狮，恃矢势，使是十狮逝世。氏拾是十狮尸，适石室。石室湿，氏使侍拭石室。石室拭，氏始试食是十狮。食时，始识是十狮，实十石狮尸。试释是事。 </dd> <dd> <i>shīshì Shī Shì, shì shī, shì shí shí shī. Shī Shì shíshí shì shì shì shī. shí shí, shì shí shī shì shì. Shì shí, shì Shī Shì shì shì. Shī Shì shì shí shī, shì shì shì, shǐ shì shí shī shìshì. Shì shí shì shí shī shī, shì shíshì. Shíshì shī, Shì shǐ shì shì shíshì. Shíshì shì, Shì shǐ shì shí shì shí shī. Shí shí, shǐ shì shì shí shī, shí shí shí shī shī. Shì shì shì shì.</i><sup id="cite_ref-institucional_2-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tonals_al_m%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-institucional-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </dd> </dl> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_tonals_al_m%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Referències" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tonals_al_m%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Haspelmath, M. S. Dryer, D. Gil, B. Comrie (2005): WALSin, The World Atlas of Languages Structures, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-19-925591-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-19-925591-1">ISBN 0-19-925591-1</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-institucional-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tonals_al_m%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-institucional_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tonals_al_m%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-institucional_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup title="Cal donar format a aquesta referència." class="noprint"><span class="noprint" style="color:blue;"><i>[<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VP:REF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="VP:REF">enllaç sense format</a>]</i></span></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://institucional.us.es/revistas/philologia/28_1_2/Art_4.pdf">http://institucional.us.es/revistas/philologia/28_1_2/Art_4.pdf</a></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_tonals_al_m%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Entonaci%C3%B3_(fon%C3%A8tica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Entonació (fonètica)">Entonació</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sandhi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sandhi">Sandhi</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/To_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="To (lingüística)">To (lingüística)</a>.</li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DLleng%C3%BCes_tonals_al_m%C3%B3n%26oldid%3D33183385">https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Llengües_tonals_al_món&oldid=33183385</a>» </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_tonals_al_m%C3%B3n&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="EVA3.0 (bot)" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1709415461"> <span>Darrera modificació: 2 març 2024 a les 22:37</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Llengües</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25BA%25D8%25A9_%25D9%2586%25D8%25BA%25D9%2585%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="لغة نغمية - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة نغمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llingua_tonal" title="Llingua tonal - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingua tonal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonlu_dill%25C9%2599r" title="Tonlu dillər - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tonlu dillər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25B3nov%25C3%25BD_jazyk" title="Tónový jazyk - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tónový jazyk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonesprog" title="Tonesprog - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tonesprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsprache" title="Tonsprache - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tonsprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonal_language" title="Tonal language - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tonal language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonlingvo" title="Tonlingvo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tonlingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_tonal" title="Lengua tonal - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lengua tonal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toonikeel" title="Toonikeel - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Toonikeel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizkuntza_tonal" title="Hizkuntza tonal - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hizkuntza tonal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palra_tonal" title="Palra tonal - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Palra tonal" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE%25D8%25AA%25E2%2580%258C%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1" title="زبان نواخت‌بر - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان نواخت‌بر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_%25C3%25A0_tons" title="Langue à tons - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langue à tons" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teanga_thon%25C3%25BAil" title="Teanga thonúil - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teanga thonúil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tonal" title="Lingua tonal - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua tonal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="सुरभेदी भाषा - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सुरभेदी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_bernada" title="Bahasa bernada - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa bernada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tonale" title="Lingua tonale - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua tonale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25A3%25B0%25E8%25AA%25BF%25E8%25A8%2580%25E8%25AA%259E" title="声調言語 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="声調言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259E%25BC%25E1%259E%259A_(%25E2%2580%258B%25E1%259E%2597%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%258F%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259A%25E2%2580%258B)" title="សូរ (ភាសាសាស្ត្រ) - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សូរ (ភាសាសាស្ត្រ)" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toe%25C3%25ABntaal" title="Toeëntaal - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Toeëntaal" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%25A7%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BA%2599%25E0%25BA%2599%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%258D%25E0%25BA%25B8%25E0%25BA%2594" title="ວັນນະຍຸດ - laosià" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ວັນນະຍຸດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonin%25C4%2597_kalba" title="Toninė kalba - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Toninė kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_berasaskan_nada" title="Bahasa berasaskan nada - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa berasaskan nada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toontaal" title="Toontaal - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toontaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonespr%25C3%25A5k" title="Tonespråk - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tonespråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonespr%25C3%25A5k" title="Tonespråk - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tonespråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_%25C3%25A0_tons" title="Langue à tons - picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Langue à tons" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%25C4%2599zyk_tonalny" title="Język tonalny - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język tonalny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADngua_tonal" title="Língua tonal - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua tonal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9_%25D1%258F%25D0%25B7%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA" title="Тоновый язык - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тоновый язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_language" title="Tone language - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tone language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25B3nov%25C3%25BD_jazyk" title="Tónový jazyk - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tónový jazyk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2598%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA" title="Тонски језик - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тонски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordton" title="Ordton - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ordton" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonlu_diller" title="Tonlu diller - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tonlu diller" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25DA%25BA_%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DB%258C_%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="سروں والی زبان - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سروں والی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%2581%25B2%25E8%25AA%25BF%25E8%25AA%259E%25E8%25A8%2580" title="聲調語言 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聲調語言" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%2581%25B2%25E8%25AA%25BF%25E8%25AA%259E%25E8%25A8%2580" title="聲調語言 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聲調語言" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" 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