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margin-top: 15px; background-size: cover; background-position-y: 29%;"> <h2>Cholera</h2> </div> <p><link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/rwd/css/main_sp.css?ver=11.11a" type="text/css" /></p> <p><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.13.0/css/all.css" /></p> </div> </div> <div id="subnavigation"> <h3>Section menu</h3> <div class="moduletable"> <ul class="menu_health-topics"><li id="current" class="parent active item4170"><a href="/health-topics/cholera-outbreak/index.html"><span>Cholera</span></a><ul><li class="item4171"><a href="/health-topics/cholera-outbreak/questions-and-answers.html"><span>Questions and answers</span></a></li><li class="item4172"><a href="/health-topics/cholera-outbreak/latest-updates.html"><span>Latest updates</span></a></li><li class="item4173"><a href="/health-topics/cholera-outbreak/resources.html"><span>Information resources</span></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="article-meta"> </div> <div class="article-tools clearfix"> <h2 class="contentheading health-topics mega cholera clearfix"> Cholera </h2> <div class="buttonheading"> <span> <a href="/health-topics/cholera-outbreak/index/Print.html" title="Print" onclick="window.open(this.href,'win2','status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'); return false;" rel="nofollow"><img src="/templates/rwd/images/printButton.png" alt="Print" /></a> </span> <span> <a href="/pdf/health-topics/cholera-outbreak/index.pdf" title="PDF" onclick="window.open(this.href,'win2','status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'); return false;" rel="nofollow"><img src="/templates/rwd/images/pdf_button.png" alt="PDF" /></a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="article-content"> <p>Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by the bacterium <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>, infecting people most often via contaminated water or food ingestion. Every year, cholera causes an estimated 3 to 5 million cases and 100 000 to 120 000 deaths. The short incubation period (12 hours to 5 days) enhances the potentially explosive pattern of outbreaks.</p> <div class="section group" style="margin-right: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;"> <div class="col span_3_of_12"><img src="/images/stories/csr/about_cholera.png" alt="About cholera" title="About cholera" class="responsive-image" /></div> <div class="col span_3_of_12"><img src="/images/stories/csr/cholera-symptom-1.png" alt="Cholera symptom: Diarrhoea that looks like rice water in large amounts" title="Cholera symptom: Diarrhoea that looks like rice water in large amounts" class="responsive-image" /></div> <div class="col span_3_of_12"><img src="/images/stories/csr/cholera-symptom-2.png" alt="Cholera symptom: vomiting" title="Cholera symptom: vomiting" class="responsive-image" /></div> <div class="col span_3_of_12"><img src="/images/stories/csr/cholera-symptom-3.png" alt="Cholera symptom: dehydration" title="Cholera symptom: dehydration" class="responsive-image" /></div> </div> <p>Cholera is an extremely virulent disease and causes acute watery diarrhoea in both children and adults. Although three quarters of all patients do not show any symptoms although the bacteria are present in their faeces for 1–10 days after infection and are shed back into the environment, potentially infecting other people. Cholera can kill, especially those with weakened immune systems within hours if left untreated. Additionally, even asymptomatic patients spread the bacteria via defaecation, which can lead to new infections.</p> <p><img src="/images/stories/csr/cholera_in_somalia.jpg" alt="Hawa Ibrahim holds her 10-year-old son Andi Nassir, who was suffering from acute watery diarrhoea, in the stabilization centre for malnourished children, in Baidoa during last year’s cholera outbreak." title="Hawa Ibrahim holds her 10-year-old son Andi Nassir, who was suffering from acute watery diarrhoea, in the stabilization centre for malnourished children, in Baidoa during last year’s cholera outbreak." class="image-right" style="margin-right: 5px;" />Cholera remains a major public health risk in the Region, which has faced regular large outbreaks in recent years. The major underlying causes of these outbreaks were poor environmental infrastructure, lack of health care services, lack of safe water and sanitation, and increased population movement. Complex emergencies, which affect several countries in the Region, further compound these risk factors. The exact burden of cholera in the Region is difficult to estimate due to under-reporting and weak surveillance systems in some endemic countries. Over the past 10 years, at least 9 out of 22 countries in the Region have reported cholera cases, often in epidemic proportions. Imported cases are often reported in the Region.</p> <p>WHO works closely with ministries of health and health partners to achieve effective prevention and control of cholera. Access to safe water and sanitation, health and hygiene promotion in affected communities, ensuring quality health care and rebuilding strong health systems are among the key areas of intervention. Additionally, immunization of at-risk populations with the oral cholera vaccine is a proven, safe and effective public health intervention.</p> <p>» <a href="https://www.who.int/health-topics/cholera#tab=tab_1" target="_blank">More information on cholera</a></p> <div class="cards-container dh" style="clear: both; margin-left: -18px; margin-bottom: 0;"> <div class="card whd2017-callouts about" style="clear: both;"><a href="/health-topics/cholera-outbreak/questions-and-answers.html" target="_blank"> <img src="/images/stories/csr/cholera-questions-answers.jpg" alt="Cholera questions and answers" class="responsive-image" /></a> <h2><a href="/health-topics/cholera-outbreak/questions-and-answers.html" style="font-weight: bold;">Questions and answers</a></h2> </div> <div class="card whd2017-callouts about" style="clear: both;"><a href="/health-topics/cholera-outbreak/latest-updates.html"> <img src="/images/stories/csr/cholera_latest_updates.jpg" alt="Influenza vaccines" title="Influenza vaccines" class="responsive-image" /></a> <h2><a href="/health-topics/cholera-outbreak/latest-updates.html" style="font-weight: bold;">Latest updates</a></h2> </div> <div class="card whd2017-callouts about" style="clear: both;"><a href="/health-topics/cholera-outbreak/resources.html"><img src="/images/stories/csr/cholera_resources.jpg" alt="Cholera information resources" title="Cholera information resources" class="responsive-image" /></a> <h2><a href="/health-topics/cholera-outbreak/resources.html" style="font-weight: bold;">Information resources</a></h2> </div> </div> <h3>News</h3> <p><a href="/syria/news/cholera-vaccination-drive-completes-in-al-hol-camp-tackling-outbreak-in-record-time.html">Cholera vaccination drive completes in Al-Hol camp, tackling outbreak in record time</a></p> <p><a href="/sdn/sudan-news/how-who-is-supporting-cholera-outbreak-response-in-sudan.html">How WHO is supporting cholera outbreak response in Sudan</a></p> <p><a href="/somalia/news/breaking-the-cycle-addressing-recurring-cholera-outbreaks-in-somalia.html">Breaking the cycle: addressing recurring cholera outbreaks in Somalia</a></p> <p><a href="/lbn/lebanon-news/who-in-lebanon-working-to-stop-cholera-spread-amid-conflict.html" target="_blank">WHO in Lebanon working to stop cholera spread amid conflict</a></p> <p><a href="/sdn/sudan-news/thousands-exposed-to-risk-of-cholera-as-violence-escalates-in-al-gezira-state.html">Thousands exposed to risk of cholera as violence escalates in Al Gezira State, Sudan</a></p> <p><a href="/lbn/lebanon-news/preempting-cholera-outbreaks-in-lebanon.html" target="_blank">Preempting cholera outbreaks in Lebanon</a></p> <p><a href="/sdn/sudan-news/who-scales-up-response-following-sudan-declaration-of-cholera-outbreak.html?format=html" target="_blank">WHO scales up response following Sudan declaration of cholera outbreak</a></p> <p><a href="/somalia/news/cholera-cases-on-the-rise-in-somalia-amid-rising-displacement-of-people.html">Cholera cases on the rise in Somalia amid rising displacement of people</a></p> <p><a href="/media/news/cholera-further-exacerbates-vulnerabilities-in-syria.html">Cholera further exacerbates vulnerabilities in Syria</a></p> <p><a href="/syria/news/the-czech-republic-extends-support-to-the-who-led-cholera-response-in-syria.html">The Czech Republic extends support to the WHO-led cholera response in Syria</a></p> <p><a href="/media/news/who-regional-director-for-the-eastern-mediterraneans-statement-on-cholera-outbreaks.html" target="_blank">WHO Regional Director’s statement on cholera outbreaks</a></p> <p><a href="/lbn/lebanon-news/who-warns-of-deadly-cholera-outbreak-in-lebanon-as-cases-increase.html" target="_blank">WHO warns of deadly cholera outbreak in Lebanon as cases increase</a></p> <p><a href="/lbn/lebanon-news/who-requires-us-102-million-to-respond-to-the-rapid-cholera-outbreak-in-lebanon.html" target="_blank">WHO requires US$ 10.2 million to respond to the rapid cholera outbreak in Lebanon</a></p> <p><a href="/somalia/news/saving-lives-from-cholera-in-drought-hit-districts-who-steps-up-vaccination-campaign-using-oral-cholera-vaccines.html" target="_blank">Saving lives from cholera in drought-hit districts: WHO steps up vaccination campaign using oral cholera vaccines</a></p> <p><a href="/somalia/news/stepping-up-humanitarian-operations-for-drought-cholera-vaccination-campaign-rolled-out-to-protect-over-900-000-somalis-in-drought-affected-districts.html" target="_blank">Stepping up humanitarian operations for drought: cholera vaccination campaign rolled out to protect over 900 000 Somalis in drought-affected districts</a></p> <p><a href="/somalia/news/who-scales-up-operations-to-save-lives-from-cholera-and-other-waterborne-diseases.html" target="_blank">WHO scales up 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