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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="ابن الجزري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ابن الجزري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="ইবনুল জাজারি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইবনুল জাজারি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Dschazar%C4%AB" title="Ibn al-Dschazarī – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ibn al-Dschazarī" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Jazari" title="Ibn al-Jazari – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ibn al-Jazari" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Jazari" title="Ibn al-Jazari – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ibn al-Jazari" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Jazari" title="Ibn al-Jazari – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ibn al-Jazari" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ebn_Cezer%C3%AE" title="Îbn Cezerî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îbn Cezerî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%89" title="ابن الجزرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابن الجزرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ابن الجزری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ابن الجزری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AC%DB%95%D8%B2%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ئیبن جەزەری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیبن جەزەری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Ибни Ҷазарӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ибни Ҷазарӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn-i_Cezer%C3%AE" title="İbn-i Cezerî – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İbn-i Cezerî" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ابن جزری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابن جزری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4120093#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jazari" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Islamic scholar (1350–1429)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a></div><div class="fn">Ibn al-Jazari<br /><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ابن الجزري</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:A_religious_treatise_by_Muhammad_bin_Muhammad_bin_Muhammad_al-Jazari_(d._1429);_al-Husn_al-Hasin_signed_%27Ali,_Ottoman_Turkey,_dated_1761-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/A_religious_treatise_by_Muhammad_bin_Muhammad_bin_Muhammad_al-Jazari_%28d._1429%29%3B_al-Husn_al-Hasin_signed_%27Ali%2C_Ottoman_Turkey%2C_dated_1761-2.jpg/220px-A_religious_treatise_by_Muhammad_bin_Muhammad_bin_Muhammad_al-Jazari_%28d._1429%29%3B_al-Husn_al-Hasin_signed_%27Ali%2C_Ottoman_Turkey%2C_dated_1761-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/A_religious_treatise_by_Muhammad_bin_Muhammad_bin_Muhammad_al-Jazari_%28d._1429%29%3B_al-Husn_al-Hasin_signed_%27Ali%2C_Ottoman_Turkey%2C_dated_1761-2.jpg/330px-A_religious_treatise_by_Muhammad_bin_Muhammad_bin_Muhammad_al-Jazari_%28d._1429%29%3B_al-Husn_al-Hasin_signed_%27Ali%2C_Ottoman_Turkey%2C_dated_1761-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/A_religious_treatise_by_Muhammad_bin_Muhammad_bin_Muhammad_al-Jazari_%28d._1429%29%3B_al-Husn_al-Hasin_signed_%27Ali%2C_Ottoman_Turkey%2C_dated_1761-2.jpg/440px-A_religious_treatise_by_Muhammad_bin_Muhammad_bin_Muhammad_al-Jazari_%28d._1429%29%3B_al-Husn_al-Hasin_signed_%27Ali%2C_Ottoman_Turkey%2C_dated_1761-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2183" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Manuscript of a religious treatise by al-Jazari (<i>al-Husn al-Hasin</i>), after <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Bukhari" title="Muhammad al-Bukhari">al-Bukhari</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Sahih</a></i>. Copy created in <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkey">Ottoman Turkey</a>, dated 1761-2</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data">Shaykh al-<a href="/wiki/Qurra%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Qurra'">Qurrāʼ</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />Muqriʼ al-Mamālīk<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />Al-Imām al-Aʻẓam<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Shams al-Din<br />Al-Hafiz</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hafizp7To11_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hafizp7To11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">26 November 1350 <br /> 25 Ramadan 751 AH<sup id="cite_ref-Hafizp7To11_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hafizp7To11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 December 1429 <br /> 5 Rabi' al-awwal 833 AH<sup id="cite_ref-Hafizp7To11_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hafizp7To11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (aged 79)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hafizp7To11_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hafizp7To11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Denomination</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisprudence</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi'i">Shafi'i</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creed</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash'ari">Ash'ari</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main interest(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Qira%27at" title="Qira'at">Qira'at</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajwid" title="Tajwid">Tajwid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Fiqh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Scholar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qira%27at" title="Qira'at">Reciter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhaddith" title="Muhaddith">Traditionist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">Historian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faqih" class="mw-redirect" title="Faqih">Jurist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_grammar" title="Arabic grammar">Grammarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linguist" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguist">Linguist</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Muslim leader</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Influenced by</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Al-Shafi%27i" title="Al-Shafi'i">Al-Shafi'i</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" title="Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari">Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Shatibi" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Shatibi">Abu al-Qasim al-Shatibi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">Ibn Kathir</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Isnawi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Isnawi">Jamal al-Din al-Isnawi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Bulqini" title="Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini">Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abu al-Khayr Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Jazari</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أبو الخير شمس الدين محمد بن محمد بن محمد بن علي بن يوسف الجزري</span>, 26 November 1350– 2 December 1429), also known as <b>Ibn al-Jazari</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ابن الجزري</span>) was one of the prominent scholars of the 15th century and is considered one of the greatest <a href="/wiki/Muqri%CA%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Muqriʾ">Quranic reciters</a> in <a href="/wiki/Islamic_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic History">Islamic History</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-journal_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journal-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a distinguished and prolific scholar in the field of the qira'at of the Quran to whom <a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">al-Suyuti</a> regarded as the "ultimate authority on these matters".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His works on <i><a href="/wiki/Tajwid" title="Tajwid">tajwid</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Qira%27at" title="Qira'at">qira'at</a></i> are considered classics.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a noted authority in <a href="/wiki/Hadith_studies" title="Hadith studies">hadith science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic jurisprudence">Islamic jurisprudence</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-journal_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journal-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Jazari&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nisbat_(onomastics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nisbat (onomastics)">nisba</a> (attributive title), <i>Jazari</i>, denotes an origin from <i><a href="/wiki/Cizre" title="Cizre">Jazirat ibn 'Umar</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Jazari&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Jazari was born in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> on Friday 26 November 1350 (25 <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> 751 AH).<sup id="cite_ref-Hafizp7To11_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hafizp7To11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time he was fifteen or sixteen years old, he had not only learnt the entire Qur'an by heart, but also the well-known Shafi'ī law book <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Tanbih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Tanbih (page does not exist)">Tanbīh</a> and two works on qirā’ah, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shatibiyyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shatibiyyah (page does not exist)">Shātibiyyah</a> and al-Taysīr. Among his teachers were Shaykh Ibn al-Labbān, Ibn al-Husayn al-Hanafi, and Taqi al-Dīn al-Baghdādi. He studied Shafi'i jurisprudence under <a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Isnawi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Isnawi">Jamal al-Din al-Isnawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Bulqini" title="Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini">Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Raslan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Raslan (page does not exist)">Ibn Raslan</a>, and Abu al-Baqa al-Subki. His Hadith instructors included, among others, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">Allāmah Ibn Kathīr</a>, Bahāuddīn Amīnī, Ibn al-Muhibb al-Maqdisi, and Ibn Abd al-Karīm al-Hanbali. The scholar, Tāsh Kubrā Zādah stated, “He learnt Hadith from a cohort of scholars.”<sup id="cite_ref-biography_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Imam al-Jazari was noted to have memorized over 100,000 Hadiths, along with acquiring mastery in Hadith, law, and qirā'āh. <a href="/wiki/Al-Sakhawi" title="Al-Sakhawi">Al-Sakhawi</a> mentions, “Many scholars had granted him licenses to issue legal verdicts, lecturing, and teaching the sciences of qirā'ah.”<sup id="cite_ref-biography_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He travelled to <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, and studied the sciences of <a href="/wiki/Qira%27at" title="Qira'at">qira'at</a> from about 40 experts. Following that, he was chosen to hold the position of Shaykh al-Qurrā in Damascus. The <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> was then a province of the Egyptian monarchy. Imam al-Jazari was appointed as the head of the educational department of al-Jāmi’ah al-Salāhiyyah by <a href="/wiki/Barquq" title="Barquq">Sultan Barqūq</a>, the monarch of Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-biography_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was appointed <a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi">Qādī</a> (judge) of Shām in 797 AH by Amīr Altamash, the ruler of the Levant. However, Imam al-Jazari disagreed with the administration on significant issues pertaining to the judicial position. Furthermore, the central authority started to mistreat him as a result of the planning of some people who were jealous of him. He ultimately made the decision to relocate from Damascus to <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a> in present-day Turkey. Knowing Imam al-Jazari well, the Turkish king, <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a>, treated him with immense honour and respect. He asked Imam al-Jazari to settle down in Bursa permanently, and Imam al-Jazari agreed. The results of his publications and talks started to emerge after that. He was a great asset to those who appreciated his knowledge, particularly the qirā'ah students.<sup id="cite_ref-biography_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a> had set out to conquer <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> in 805 AH with the intention of toppling the Bāyazīd government. <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a> was captured and after being detained, Bayezid passed away in custody. In addition to accumulating wealth and treasure, Timur was keen to bring together leading authorities from a range of disciplines and sciences to his realm in Samarqand. Timur dutifully arranged for Imam al-Jazari and a few other chosen scholars to accompany him on his journey. He brought them with him to <a href="/wiki/Transoxiana" title="Transoxiana">Transoxiana</a>'s major cities of education, right in the middle of the royal army. Once they had read Imam Jazari's published works, they were much more appreciative of his wisdom and saw it as a tremendous blessing. This was at the time when Imam al-Jazari was visiting these cities. <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a> held Imam al-Jazari in high regard and had faith in him. He believed that Imam al-Jazari "was a person who would experience clairvoyance (<a href="/wiki/Kashf" title="Kashf">kashf</a>) and would be blessed with visions of the <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Prophet</a> sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam whenever he wished."<sup id="cite_ref-biography_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a>'s death in 807 AH, Imam al-Jazari travelled via <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yazd" title="Yazd">Yazd</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a> on his way to Shiraz. In 808 AH, he arrived in <a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pir_Muhammad_(son_of_Jahangir)" title="Pir Muhammad (son of Jahangir)">Pīr Muhammad</a>, the Shiraz governor and Timur's paternal grandson, was deeply convinced of and respected Imam Jazari. He gave Imam Jazari the mandate to remain in Shiraz and elevated him to the rank of Chief Judge. In 827 AH, Imam al-Jazari left Shiraz for the <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> pilgrimage following a protracted stay there. Following the Hajj, he journeyed to <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, where he was visited by scholars and pupils from distant locations. In Cairo, hordes of Qurrā and scholars could be seen, all hoping to get <a href="/wiki/Ijazah" title="Ijazah">Ijazah</a> from him. A youthful <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajr_al-Asqalani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Hajr al-Asqalani">Ibn Hajr al-Asqalani</a>, who would later become the well-known author of <a href="/wiki/Fath_al-Bari" title="Fath al-Bari">Fath al-Bari</a>, was among these groups of experts. Furthermore, Imam al-Jazari gave ijāzāt and gave lessons on the <a href="/wiki/Musnad_Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Musnad Ahmad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musnad_al-Shafi%27i" title="Musnad al-Shafi'i">Musnad al-Shafi'i</a>, and other books.<sup id="cite_ref-biography_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibn al-Jazari taught several students including <a href="/wiki/Sidi_Boushaki" title="Sidi Boushaki">Sidi Boushaki</a> (1394-1453)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon his return to Shiraz, Imam al-Jazari established Dār al-Qur'ān, a sizable seminary. He had already founded a seminary with the same name in Damascus. This seminary is sometimes incorrectly called "Dār al-Qurrā". Al-Jazari died at the age of 79 on Friday 2 December 1429 (5 <a href="/wiki/Rabi%27_al-awwal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabi' al-awwal">Rabi' al-awwal</a> 833 AH) in <a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. He was buried inside the Dār al-Qur'ān seminary's walls.<sup id="cite_ref-biography_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Jazari&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From his era till now, none has reached the level of Imam al-Jazari in the sciences of <a href="/wiki/Qira%27at" title="Qira'at">qira'at</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalani" title="Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani">Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani</a> said, “He held the highest position in the world in the science of qirā'ah.”<sup id="cite_ref-biography_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">Al-Suyuti</a> said: “When it came to the science of qirā’ah he was unparalleled in the world during his time, and he was a hāfiž of Hadith.”<sup id="cite_ref-biography_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Al-Shawkani" title="Al-Shawkani">Al-Shawkani</a> said: “He was unmatched in the science of qirā’ah in the entire world.”<sup id="cite_ref-biography_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Hayy_al-Lucknawi" title="Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi">Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi</a> said: “Amongst the glorious personalities of Islam in the 8th century were <a href="/wiki/Zain_al-Din_al-%27Iraqi" title="Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi">Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi</a>, Shams al-Dīn Jazari, and <a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Bulqini" title="Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini">Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini</a>.”<sup id="cite_ref-biography_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biography-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Jazari&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Selected works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Jazari compiled more than 90 works on <i>qira'at</i> (readings), <i>ḥadīth</i> (traditions), <i>ta’rīkh</i> (history) and other disciplines. These include: </p> <ul><li><i>Taḥbīr al-taysīr fī qirāʼāt al-ʻashr</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تحبير التيسير في قراءات العشر</span></span>)</li> <li><i>Taqrīb al-Nashr fī al-qirāʼāt al-ʻashr</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تقريب النشر في القراءات العشر</span></span>)</li> <li><i>Al-Tamhīd fī ʻilm al-tajwīd</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">التمهيد في علم التجويد</span></span>)</li> <li><i>Ṭayyibat al-nashr fī al-qirāʼāt al-ʻashr</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">طيبة النشر في القراءات العشر</span></span>)</li> <li><i>Munjid al-Muqriʼīn wa-murshid al-ṭālibīn</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">منجد المقرئين ومرشد الطالبين</span></span>)</li> <li><i>Ghāyat al-Nihāyah fī Ṭabaqāt al-Qurrāʻ</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">غاية النهاية في طبقات القرآء</span></span>) Lexicon of the Holy Qur’ān’s Reciters <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Jazari&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ash%27aris" title="List of Ash'aris">List of Ash'aris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_recitations" title="Ten recitations">Ten recitations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_readers" title="Seven readers">Seven readers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Jazari&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">شيخ القراء</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مقرئ المماليك</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الإمام الأعظم</span>, a title given to him by the people of <a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hafizp7To11-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hafizp7To11_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hafizp7To11_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hafizp7To11_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hafizp7To11_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hafizp7To11_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFḤāfiẓ1995" class="citation book cs1">Ḥāfiẓ, Muḥammad Muṭīʻ (1995). <i>Shaykh al-qurrāʼ al-Imām Ibn al-Jazarī (751–833)</i>. Dār al-Fikr al-Muʻāṣir. pp. 7–11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shaykh+al-qurr%C4%81%CA%BC+al-Im%C4%81m+Ibn+al-Jazar%C4%AB+%28751%E2%80%93833%29&rft.pages=7-11&rft.pub=D%C4%81r+al-Fikr+al-Mu%CA%BB%C4%81%E1%B9%A3ir&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=%E1%B8%A4%C4%81fi%E1%BA%93&rft.aufirst=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+Mu%E1%B9%AD%C4%AB%CA%BB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+al-Jazari" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYassin_Ghanem_Jassim_al-Aridi2024" class="citation book cs1">Yassin Ghanem Jassim al-Aridi (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gS36EAAAQBAJ"><i>Classes of Ash'aris, notables of the people of the Sunnah and the community</i></a>. <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dar_al-Kotob_al-ilmiyah" class="extiw" title="de:Dar al-Kotob al-ilmiyah">Dar al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya</a>. p. 762. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786144962350" title="Special:BookSources/9786144962350"><bdi>9786144962350</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classes+of+Ash%27aris%2C+notables+of+the+people+of+the+Sunnah+and+the+community&rft.pages=762&rft.pub=Dar+al-Kotob+al-%27Ilmiyya&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9786144962350&rft.au=Yassin+Ghanem+Jassim+al-Aridi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgS36EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+al-Jazari" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah2010" class="citation book cs1">Shah, Mustafa (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8YZAAQAAIAAJ&q=ibn+al-Jazari+Ash'ari"><i>The Hạdīth: Codification, authenticity</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415476195" title="Special:BookSources/9780415476195"><bdi>9780415476195</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+H%E1%BA%A1d%C4%ABth%3A+Codification%2C+authenticity&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780415476195&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=Mustafa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8YZAAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dibn%2Bal-Jazari%2BAsh%27ari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+al-Jazari" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNikolaos_G._Chrissis,_Mike_Carr2014" class="citation book cs1">Nikolaos G. Chrissis, Mike Carr (2014). "A Damascene Eyewitness to the Battle of Nicopolis: Shams al-Din Ibn al-Jazari (d. 833/1429)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/5969253"><i>Contact and Conflict in Frankish Greece and the Aegean, 1204–1453 Crusade, Religion and Trade between Latins, Greeks and Turks</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Ashgate_Publishing" title="Ashgate Publishing">Ashgate Publishing</a>. p. 154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781409439264" title="Special:BookSources/9781409439264"><bdi>9781409439264</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Damascene+Eyewitness+to+the+Battle+of+Nicopolis%3A+Shams+al-Din+Ibn+al-Jazari+%28d.+833%2F1429%29&rft.btitle=Contact+and+Conflict+in+Frankish+Greece+and+the+Aegean%2C+1204%E2%80%931453+Crusade%2C+Religion+and+Trade+between+Latins%2C+Greeks+and+Turks&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781409439264&rft.au=Nikolaos+G.+Chrissis%2C+Mike+Carr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F5969253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+al-Jazari" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-journal-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-journal_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-journal_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdem_Yerinde,_Büşra_Özdemir2020" class="citation book cs1">Adem Yerinde, Büşra Özdemir (2020). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Ibn al-Jazari and His Works on the Arabic Language". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iupress.istanbul.edu.tr/en/journal/jos/article/ibnul-cezeri-ve-dilciligi"><i>Şarkiyat Mecmuası: Journal of Oriental Studies</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_University" title="Istanbul University">Istanbul University</a>. pp. 157–187. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26650%2Fjos.2020.012">10.26650/jos.2020.012</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Ibn+al-Jazari+and+His+Works+on+the+Arabic+Language&rft.btitle=%C5%9Earkiyat+Mecmuas%C4%B1%3A+Journal+of+Oriental+Studies&rft.pages=157-187&rft.pub=Istanbul+University&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.26650%2Fjos.2020.012&rft.au=Adem+Yerinde%2C+B%C3%BC%C5%9Fra+%C3%96zdemir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiupress.istanbul.edu.tr%2Fen%2Fjournal%2Fjos%2Farticle%2Fibnul-cezeri-ve-dilciligi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+al-Jazari" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemaan1968" class="citation book cs1">Semaan, Khalil I (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QtcUAAAAIAAJ"><i>Linguistics in the Middle Ages: Phonetic studies in early Islam</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. p. 34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Linguistics+in+the+Middle+Ages%3A+Phonetic+studies+in+early+Islam&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Semaan&rft.aufirst=Khalil+I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQtcUAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+al-Jazari" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson2001" class="citation book cs1">Nelson, Kristina (2001). <i>The art of reciting the Qur'an</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_University_in_Cairo_Press" title="American University in Cairo Press">American University in Cairo Press</a>. p. 88.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+art+of+reciting+the+Qur%27an&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Kristina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+al-Jazari" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarton1962" class="citation book cs1">Sarton, George (1962). <i>Introduction to the History of Science (3 Vols. in 5)</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilmgate.org/the-great-imam-of-qiraah-muhammad-ibn-al-jazari/">the original</a> on 29 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ilmgate.org&rft.atitle=The+Great+Im%C4%81m+of+Qir%C4%81%27ah%3A+Muhammad+Ibn+al-Jazari&rft.date=2019-01-21&rft.au=Q%C4%81ri+Izh%C4%81r+Ahmad+Th%C4%81nawi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilmgate.org%2Fthe-great-imam-of-qiraah-muhammad-ibn-al-jazari%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+al-Jazari" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HQh7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT94"><i>الضوء اللامع لأهل القرن التاسع 1-6 ج1</i></a>. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية. January 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782745137135" title="Special:BookSources/9782745137135"><bdi>9782745137135</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9+%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B9+1-6+%D8%AC1&rft.pub=Dar+Al+Kotob+Al+Ilmiyah+%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.date=2003-01&rft.isbn=9782745137135&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHQh7DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+al-Jazari" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_al-Jazarī1971" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ibn al-Jazarī, Shamsuddīn</a> (1971). <a href="/wiki/Gotthelf_Bergstr%C3%A4sser" title="Gotthelf Bergsträsser">Bergsträsser, G.</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/waq88395/01_88395#page/n551"><i>Ghāyat al-Nihāyah fī Ṭabaqāt al-Qurrā'<span></span></i></a> (in Arabic). Vol. I. Beirut: Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gh%C4%81yat+al-Nih%C4%81yah+f%C4%AB+%E1%B9%ACabaq%C4%81t+al-Qurr%C4%81%27&rft.place=Beirut&rft.pub=Dar+al-Kotob+al-Ilmiyah&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Ibn+al-Jazar%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Shamsudd%C4%ABn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fwaq88395%2F01_88395%23page%2Fn551&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIbn+al-Jazari" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output 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colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>by century (<a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">AH</a> / <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">AD</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd/8th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shafi%27i" title="Al-Shafi'i">Al-Shafi'i</a> (founder of the school; 767–820)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muzani" title="Al-Muzani">Al-Muzani</a> (791/92–878)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd/9th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_al-Zubayr_al-Humaydi" title="Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr al-Humaydi">Al-Humaydi</a> (d. 834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harith_al-Muhasibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Harith al-Muhasibi">Harith al-Muhasibi</a> (781–857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Bukhari" title="Muhammad al-Bukhari">Bukhari</a> (810–870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_ibn_al-Hajjaj" title="Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj">Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj</a> (d. 875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Majah" title="Ibn Majah">Ibn Majah</a> (824–887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nasai" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Nasai">Al-Nasai</a> (d. 915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khuzaymah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Khuzaymah">Ibn Khuzaymah</a> (837–923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Mundhir" title="Ibn al-Mundhir">Ibn al-Mundhir</a> (855–930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" title="Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari">Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari</a> (874–936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakr_ad-Din" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakr ad-Din">Fakr ad-Din</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th/10th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Daraqutni" title="Al-Daraqutni">Al-Daraqutni</a> (918–995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Talib_al-Makki" title="Abu Talib al-Makki">Abu Talib al-Makki</a> (d. 996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_Nishapuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hakim Nishapuri">Al-Hakim Nishapuri</a> (933–1014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Furak" title="Ibn Furak">Ibn Furak</a> (d. 1015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Jabbar_ibn_Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad">Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad</a> (935–1025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi">Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi</a> (d. 1037)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nuaym" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Nuaym">Abu Nuaym</a> (d. 1038)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Shirazi" title="Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi">Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi</a> (1003–1083)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Lalaka%27i" title="Al-Lalaka'i">Al-Lalaka'i</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th/11th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tha%27labi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tha'labi">Al-Tha'labi</a> (d. 1035)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mawardi" title="Al-Mawardi">Al-Mawardi</a> (972–1058)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayhaqi" title="Al-Bayhaqi">Al-Bayhaqi</a> (994–1066)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khatib_al-Baghdadi" title="Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi">Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi</a> (1002–1071)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qushayri" title="Al-Qushayri">Al-Qushayri</a> (986–1072)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Juwayni" title="Al-Juwayni">Al-Juwayni</a> (1028–1085)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baghawi" title="Al-Baghawi">Al-Baghawi</a> (d. 1122)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ghazali" title="Ahmad Ghazali">Ahmad Ghazali</a> (d. 1123/26)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th/12th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a> (1058–1111)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shahrastani" title="Al-Shahrastani">Al-Shahrastani</a> (1086–1153)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%60Asakir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn `Asakir">Ibn `Asakir</a> (1105–c. 1176)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tahir_al-Silafi" title="Abu Tahir al-Silafi">Abu Tahir al-Silafi</a> (1079–1180)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Rifa%60i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed al-Rifa`i">Ahmed al-Rifa`i</a> (1119–1183)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahab_al-Din_Yahya_ibn_Habash_Suhrawardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi">Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi</a> (1154–1191)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a> (1150–1209)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayf_al-Din_al-Amidi" title="Sayf al-Din al-Amidi">Sayf al-Din al-Amidi</a> (1156–1233)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi%27l-Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Abi'l-Dam">Ibn Abi'l-Dam</a> (1187–1244)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Salah" title="Ibn al-Salah">Ibn al-Salah</a> (1181–1245)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th/13th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abil-Hadid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Abil-Hadid">Ibn Abil-Hadid</a> (d. 1258)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_al-Din_ibn_Abd_al-Salam" class="mw-redirect" title="Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam">Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam</a> (d. 1262)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Badawi" title="Ahmad al-Badawi">Ahmad al-Badawi</a> (1200–1276)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nawawi" title="Al-Nawawi">Al-Nawawi</a> (1230–1277)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khallikan" title="Ibn Khallikan">Ibn Khallikan</a> (1211–1282)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Daqiq_al-Id" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Daqiq al-Id">Ibn Daqiq al-Id</a> (1228–1302)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baydawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baydawi">Al-Baydawi</a> (d. 1319)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safi-ad-din_Ardabili" class="mw-redirect" title="Safi-ad-din Ardabili">Safi-ad-din Ardabili</a> (1252/53–1334)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Abd_al-Rahman_al-Mizzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Mizzi">Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Mizzi</a> (1256–1341)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_bin_Ahmad_al-Kawneyn" title="Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn">Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th/14th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safi_al-Din_al-Hindi" title="Safi al-Din al-Hindi">Safi al-Din al-Hindi</a> (d. 1315/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dhahabi" title="Al-Dhahabi">Al-Dhahabi</a> (1274–1348)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taqi al-Din al-Subki">Taqi al-Din al-Subki</a> (1284–1355)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Naqib_al-Misri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri">Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri</a> (1302–1367)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taj al-Din al-Subki">Taj al-Din al-Subki</a> (1327–1370)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">Ibn Kathir</a> (d. 1373)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Taftazani" title="Al-Taftazani">Taftazani</a> (1322–1390)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_Ad-Din_az-Zarkashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Badr Ad-Din az-Zarkashi">Badr Ad-Din az-Zarkashi</a> (1344–1392)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zain_al-Din_al-Iraqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zain al-Din al-Iraqi">Zain al-Din al-Iraqi</a> (1325–1403)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abu_Bakr_al-Haythami" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami">Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami</a> (1335–1404)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Nuhaas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Nuhaas">Ibn Nuhaas</a> (d. 1411)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ibn al-Jazari</a> (1350–1429)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th/15th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalani" title="Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani">Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani</a> (1372–1449)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mahalli" title="Al-Mahalli">Al-Mahalli</a> (d. 1460)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sakhawi" title="Al-Sakhawi">Al-Sakhawi</a> (1428–1497)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">Al-Suyuti</a> (1445–1505)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qastallani" title="Al-Qastallani">Al-Qastallani</a> (1448–1517)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariyya_al-Ansari" title="Zakariyya al-Ansari">Zakariyya al-Ansari</a> (1420–1520)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Ahmad_al-Samhudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Ahmad al-Samhudi">Ali ibn Ahmad al-Samhudi</a> (1466–1533)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th/16th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sha%60rani" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Sha`rani">Al-Sha`rani</a> (1492/93–1565)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Haytami" title="Ibn Hajar al-Haytami">Ibn Hajar al-Haytami</a> (1503–1566)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kha%E1%B9%ADib_ash-Shirbiniy" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Khaṭib ash-Shirbiniy">Al-Khaṭib ash-Shirbiniy</a> (d. 1570)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th/17th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Alawi_al-Haddad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad">Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad</a> (1634–1720)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th/19th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Bajuri" title="Ibrahim al-Bajuri">Ibrahim al-Bajuri</a> (1784–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Al-Rahman_bin_Ahmad_al-Zayla%60i" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd Al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Zayla`i">Abd Al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Zayla`i</a> (1820–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zayni_Dahlan" title="Ahmad Zayni Dahlan">Ahmad Zayni Dahlan</a> (1816–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykh_Sufi" title="Shaykh Sufi">Shaykh Sufi</a> (1828–1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uways_al-Barawi" title="Uways al-Barawi">Uways al-Barawi</a> (1847–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Khatib_al-Minangkabawi" title="Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi">Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi</a> (1860–1916)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th/20th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Nabhani" title="Yusuf al-Nabhani">Yusuf al-Nabhani</a> (1849–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Qutbi" title="Abdallah al-Qutbi">Abdallah al-Qutbi</a> (1879–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Nurs%C3%AE" title="Said Nursî">Said Nursî</a> (1877–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamka" title="Hamka">Abd al-Malik Karim Amrullah</a> (1908–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hamidullah" title="Muhammad Hamidullah">Muhammad Hamidullah</a> (1908–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Kuftaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Kuftaro">Ahmed Kuftaro</a> (1915–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Harari" title="Abdullah al-Harari">Abdullah al-Harari</a> (1906–2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th/21st</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahbah_al-Zuhayli" title="Wahbah al-Zuhayli">Wahbah al-Zuhayli</a> (1932–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taha_Jabir_Alalwani" title="Taha Jabir Alalwani">Taha Jabir Alalwani</a> (1935–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherussery_Zainuddeen_Musliyar" title="Cherussery Zainuddeen Musliyar">Cherussery Zainuddeen Musliyar</a> (1937–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasyim_Muzadi" title="Hasyim Muzadi">Hasyim Muzadi</a> (1944–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Syafi%27i_Maarif" title="Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif">Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif</a> (1935–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Azeez_Madani" title="Abdul Azeez Madani">Abdul Azeez Madani</a> (1950–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Abubakr_Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad">Kanthapuram A. P. Abu Bakr Musliyar</a> (b. 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Muhammad_Naquib_al-Attas" title="Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas">Naqib al-Attas</a> (b. 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Salim_Al-Awa" title="Mohammad Salim Al-Awa">Mohammad Salim Al-Awa</a> (b. 1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Ali_Kutty_Musliyar" title="K. Ali Kutty Musliyar">K. Ali Kutty Musliyar</a> (b. 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Gomaa" title="Ali Gomaa">Ali Gomaa</a> (b. 1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuh_Ha_Mim_Keller" title="Nuh Ha Mim Keller">Nuh Ha Mim Keller</a> (b. 1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaid_Shakir" title="Zaid Shakir">Zaid Shakir</a> (b. 1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibril_Haddad" title="Gibril Haddad">Gibril Haddad</a> (b. 1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_bin_Hafiz" title="Umar bin Hafiz">Umar bin Hafiz</a> (b. 1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Ibraheem_Khaleel_Al_Bukhari" title="Sayyid Ibraheem Khaleel Al Bukhari">Ibrahim Khalil al-Bukhari</a> (b. 1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Yahya_al-Ninowy" title="Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy">Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy</a> (b. 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Jifri" title="Ali al-Jifri">Ali al-Jifri</a> (b. 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afifi_al-Akiti" title="Afifi al-Akiti">Afifi al-Akiti</a> (b. 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awn_Al-Qaddoumi" title="Awn Al-Qaddoumi">Awn Al-Qaddoumi</a> (b. 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Muhammad_Jifri_Muthukkoya_Thangal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Muhammad Jifri Muthukkoya Thangal">Muhammad Jifri Muthukkoya Thangal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanbali_scholars" title="Template:Hanbali scholars">Hanbali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Maliki_scholars" title="Template:Maliki scholars">Maliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Zahiri_scholars" title="Template:Zahiri scholars">Zahiri</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Quranic_qira&#039;at" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Quranic_qira%27ates" title="Template:Quranic qira'ates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Quranic_qira%27ates" title="Template talk:Quranic qira'ates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Quranic_qira%27ates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Quranic qira'ates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Quranic_qira&#039;at" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Qira%27at" title="Qira'at">Quranic qira'at</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qira%27at" title="Qira'at">Qira'ates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warsh_recitation" title="Warsh recitation">Warsh recitation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qalun_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qalun recitation (page does not exist)">Qalun recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9" class="extiw" title="ar:رواية قالون عن نافع">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Bazzi_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Bazzi recitation (page does not exist)">Al-Bazzi recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="ar:البزي عن ابن كثير">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qunbul_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qunbul recitation (page does not exist)">Qunbul recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="ar:قنبل عن ابن كثير">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Duri_%27an_Al-Basri_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Duri 'an Al-Basri recitation (page does not exist)">Al-Duri 'an Al-Basri recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88" class="extiw" title="ar:رواية الدوري عن أبي عمرو">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=As-Soussi_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="As-Soussi recitation (page does not exist)">As-Soussi recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88" class="extiw" title="ar:السوسي عن أبي عمرو">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hisham_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hisham recitation (page does not exist)">Hisham recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="ar:هشام عن ابن عامر">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Thaqouan_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Thaqouan recitation (page does not exist)">Ibn Thaqouan recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B0%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="ar:ابن ذكوان عن ابن عامر">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu%27bah_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shu'bah recitation (page does not exist)">Shu'bah recitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafs_recitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hafs recitation">Hafs recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%B5_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:رواية حفص عن عاصم">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaf_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalaf recitation (page does not exist)">Khalaf recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:خلف عن حمزة">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khallad_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khallad recitation (page does not exist)">Khallad recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:خلاد عن حمزة">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Layth_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Layth recitation (page does not exist)">Al-Layth recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:رواية أبي الحارث عن الكسائي">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Duri_%27an_Al-Kissa%27i_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Duri 'an Al-Kissa'i recitation (page does not exist)">Al-Duri 'an Al-Kissa'i recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:الدوري عن الكسائي">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Wardane_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Wardane recitation (page does not exist)">Ibn Wardane recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="ar:ابن وردان عن أبي جعفر">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Djammaz_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Djammaz recitation (page does not exist)">Ibn Djammaz recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="ar:ابن جماز عن أبي جعفر">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rouh_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rouh recitation (page does not exist)">Rouh recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:روح عن يعقوب الحضرمي">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rouis_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rouis recitation (page does not exist)">Rouis recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:رويس عن يعقوب الحضرمي">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idris_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idris recitation (page does not exist)">Idris recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="ar:إدريس الحداد عن خلف البزار">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ishaq_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ishaq recitation (page does not exist)">Ishaq recitation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="ar:إسحاق الوراق عن خلف البزار">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Balkhi_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Balkhi recitation (page does not exist)">Al-Balkhi recitation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shanbuth_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Shanbuth recitation (page does not exist)">Ibn Shanbuth recitation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khayat_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Khayat recitation (page does not exist)">Al-Khayat recitation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Farah_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Farah recitation (page does not exist)">Ibn Farah recitation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mutawaie_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mutawaie recitation (page does not exist)">Al-Mutawaie recitation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Al-Faraj_recitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Al-Faraj recitation (page does not exist)">Abu Al-Faraj recitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Q%C4%81ri%CA%BE" title="Qāriʾ">Qāriʾs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nafi%CA%BD_al-Madani" title="Nafiʽ al-Madani">Nafiʽ al-Madani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warsh" title="Warsh">Warsh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Abu_Abdallah_Ben_Hudzail_al_Sahuir" title="Mohammad Abu Abdallah Ben Hudzail al Sahuir">Al-Azraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Isfahani" title="Abu Bakr al-Isfahani">Al-Isfahani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalun" title="Qalun">Qalun</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Nasheet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Nasheet (page does not exist)">Abu Nasheet</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir_al-Makki" title="Ibn Kathir al-Makki">Ibn Kathir al-Makki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bazzi" title="Al-Bazzi">Al-Bazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qunbul" title="Qunbul">Qunbul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Amr_of_Basra" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Amr of Basra">Abu Amr of Basra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Duri" title="Al-Duri">Al-Duri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Soussi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Soussi (page does not exist)">Al-Soussi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:السوسي">ar</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Amir_ad-Dimashqi" title="Ibn Amir ad-Dimashqi">Ibn Amir ad-Dimashqi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hisham_ibn_Ammar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hisham ibn Ammar (page does not exist)">Hisham ibn Ammar</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="ar:هشام بن عمار">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Thaqouan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Thaqouan (page does not exist)">Ibn Thaqouan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B0%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" class="extiw" title="ar:ابن ذكوان">ar</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aasim_ibn_Abi_al-Najud" title="Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud">Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shu%27bah" title="Shu'bah">Shu'bah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafs" title="Hafs">Hafs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamzah_az-Zaiyyat" title="Hamzah az-Zaiyyat">Hamzah az-Zaiyyat</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaf_ibn_Hisham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalaf ibn Hisham (page does not exist)">Khalaf ibn Hisham</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:خلف بن هشام">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khallad" title="Khallad">Khallad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kisa%27i" title="Al-Kisa'i">Al-Kisa'i</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Laythi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Laythi (page does not exist)">Al-Laythi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF" class="extiw" title="ar:أبو الحارث الليث بن خالد">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Duri" title="Al-Duri">Al-Duri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ubaid_al-Qasim_bin_Salam" title="Abu Ubaid al-Qasim bin Salam">Abu Ubaid al-Qasim bin Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Shatibi" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Shatibi">Abu al-Qasim al-Shatibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahid_ibn_Jabr" title="Mujahid ibn Jabr">Mujahid ibn Jabr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Ibn_Muj%C4%81hid" title="Abu Bakr Ibn Mujāhid">Abu Bakr Ibn Mujāhid</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ibn al-Jazari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Jaafar_al-Madani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Jaafar al-Madani (page does not exist)">Abu Jaafar al-Madani</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:أبو جعفر المدني">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaqoub_al-Hadrami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaqoub al-Hadrami (page does not exist)">Yaqoub al-Hadrami</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:يعقوب الحضرمي">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalaf_ibn_Hisham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalaf ibn Hisham (page does not exist)">Khalaf 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href="/wiki/Seven_readers" title="Seven readers">Seven readers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qur%27anic_punctuation" title="Qur'anic punctuation">Qur'anic punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqatta%CA%BFat" title="Muqattaʿat">Muqattaʿat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Quran" title="Heavenly Quran">Heavenly Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzil" title="Tanzil">Tanzil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special_recitations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Special recitations (page does not exist)">Special recitations</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:قراءات شاذة">ar</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_Zayd_al-Qayrawani" title="Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani">Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani</a> (d. 386 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqillani" title="Al-Baqillani">Al-Baqillani</a> (d. 403 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Imran_al-Fasi" title="Abu Imran al-Fasi">Abu Imran al-Fasi</a> (d. 430 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Sidah" title="Ibn Sidah">Ibn Sidah</a> (d. 458 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Walid_al-Baji" title="Abu al-Walid al-Baji">Abu al-Walid al-Baji</a> (d. 474 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Turtushi" title="Abu Bakr al-Turtushi">Abu Bakr al-Turtushi</a> (d. 520 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maziri" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maziri">Al-Maziri</a> (d. 536 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Barrajan" title="Ibn Barrajan">Ibn Barrajan</a> (d. 536 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi" title="Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi">Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi</a> (d. 543 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_Ayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi Ayyad">Al-Qadi 'Ayyad</a> (d. 544 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Suhayli" title="Al-Suhayli">Al-Suhayli</a> (d. 581 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Qattan" title="Ibn al-Qattan">Ibn al-Qattan</a> (d. 628 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Malik" title="Ibn Malik">Ibn Malik</a> (d. 672 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Qarafi" title="Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi">Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi</a> (d. 684 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Daqiq_al-%27Id" title="Ibn Daqiq al-'Id">Ibn Daqiq al-'Id</a> (d. 702 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ata_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Ata Allah">Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Iskandari</a> (d. 709 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Adjurrum" title="Ibn Adjurrum">Ibn Adjurrum</a> (d. 723 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Hajj_al-Abdari" title="Ibn al-Hajj al-Abdari">Ibn al-Hajj al-'Abdari</a> (d. 737 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Juzayy" title="Ibn Juzayy">Ibn Juzayy</a> (d. 741 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_ibn_Ishaq_al-Jundi" title="Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi">Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi</a> (d. 776 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Shatibi" title="Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi">Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi</a> (d. 790 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arafa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Arafa">Ibn 'Arafa</a> (d. 803 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a> (d. 808 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Tha%27alibi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi">Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi</a> (d. 876 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zarruq" title="Ahmad Zarruq">Ahmad Zarruq</a> (d. 899 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Wansharisi" title="Ahmad al-Wansharisi">Ahmad al-Wansharisi</a> (d. 914 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Akhdari" title="Al-Akhdari">Al-Akhdari</a> (d. 953 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hattab" title="Al-Hattab">Al-Hattab</a> (d. 954 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Baba_al-Timbukti" title="Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti">Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti</a> (d. 1036 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Mohammed_al-Maqqari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari">Al-Maqqari al-Tilimsani</a> (d. 1041 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Laqani" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Laqani">Ibrahim al-Laqani</a> (d. 1041 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mayyara" title="Muhammad Mayyara">Muhammad Mayyara</a> (d. 1072 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ashir" title="Ibn Ashir">Ibn 'Ashir</a> (d. 1090 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasan_al-Yusi" title="Al-Hasan al-Yusi">Al-Hasan al-Yusi</a> (d. 1102 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Zurqani" title="Muhammad al-Zurqani">Muhammad al-Zurqani</a> (d. 1122 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Dardir" title="Ahmad al-Dardir">Ahmad al-Dardir</a> (d. 1201 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_M%27hamed_Bou_Qobrine" title="Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine">M'Hamed al-Azhari</a> (d. 1208 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_%27Ajiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba">Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba</a> (d. 1224 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Tijani" title="Ahmad al-Tijani">Ahmad al-Tijani</a> (d. 1230 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Arafa_al-Desouki" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki">Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki</a> (d. 1230 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Sanusi" title="Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi">Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Sanusi</a> (d. 1276 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_%27Ilish" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad 'Ilish">Muhammad 'Ilish</a> (d. 1299 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Ghumari" title="Ahmad al-Ghumari">Ahmad al-Ghumari</a> (d. 1380 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Tahir_ibn_Ashur" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur">Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur</a> (d. 1393 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel-Halim_Mahmoud" title="Abdel-Halim Mahmoud">Abdel-Halim Mahmoud</a> (d. 1397 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Metwalli_al-Sha%27rawi" title="Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi">Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi</a> (d. 1419 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Alawi_al-Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki">Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki</a> (d. 1425 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_el-Tayeb" title="Ahmed el-Tayeb">Ahmed el-Tayeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_Yusuf" title="Hamza Yusuf">Hamza Yusuf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shafi%27is" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi'is">Shafi'is</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hibban" title="Ibn Hibban">Ibn Hibban</a> (d. 354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khafif" title="Ibn Khafif">Ibn Khafif</a> (d. 371 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Nishapuri" title="Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri">Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri</a> (d. 405 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Furak" title="Ibn Furak">Ibn Furak</a> (d. 406 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Isfarayini" title="Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini">Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini</a> (d. 418 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tha%27labi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tha'labi">Al-Tha'labi</a> (d. 427 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi">Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi</a> (d. 429 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nu%27aym_al-Isfahani" title="Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani">Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani</a> (d. 430 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayhaqi" title="Al-Bayhaqi">Al-Bayhaqi</a> (d. 458 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khatib_al-Baghdadi" title="Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi">Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi</a> (d. 463 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qushayri" title="Al-Qushayri">Al-Qushayri</a> (d. 465 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Shirazi" title="Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi">Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi</a> (d. 476 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qahir_al-Jurjani" title="Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani">Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani</a> (d. 471 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Juwayni" title="Al-Juwayni">Al-Juwayni</a> (d. 478 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Raghib_al-Isfahani" title="Al-Raghib al-Isfahani">Al-Raghib al-Isfahani</a> (d. 502 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a> (d. 505 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baghawi" title="Al-Baghawi">Al-Baghawi</a> (d. 516 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shahrastani" title="Al-Shahrastani">Al-Shahrastani</a> (d. 548 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Asakir" title="Ibn Asakir">Ibn 'Asakir</a> (d. 571 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Rifa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Rifa'i">Ahmad al-Rifa'i</a> (d. 578 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a> (d. 606 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Salah" title="Ibn al-Salah">Ibn al-Salah</a> (d. 643 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_al-Din_ibn_%27Abd_al-Salam" title="Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam">Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam</a> (d. 660 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nawawi" title="Al-Nawawi">Al-Nawawi</a> (d. 676 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baydawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baydawi">Al-Baydawi</a> (d. 685 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Daqiq_al-%27Id" title="Ibn Daqiq al-'Id">Ibn Daqiq al-'Id</a> (d. 702 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_al-Din_al-Nisapuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri">Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri</a> (d. 728 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Mizzi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi">Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi</a> (d. 742 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taqi al-Din al-Subki">Taqi al-Din al-Subki</a> (d. 756 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Safadi" title="Al-Safadi">Al-Safadi</a> (d. 764 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taj al-Din al-Subki">Taj al-Din al-Subki</a> (d. 771 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Kirmani" title="Shams al-Din al-Kirmani">Shams al-Din al-Kirmani</a> (d. 786 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zarkashi" title="Al-Zarkashi">Al-Zarkashi</a> (d. 794 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zain_al-Din_al-%27Iraqi" title="Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi">Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi</a> (d. 806 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Haythami" title="Nur al-Din al-Haythami">Nur al-Din al-Haythami</a> (d. 807 AH)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ibn al-Jazari</a> (d. 833 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maqrizi" title="Al-Maqrizi">Al-Maqrizi</a> (d. 845 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalani" title="Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani">Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani</a> (d. 852 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sakhawi" title="Al-Sakhawi">Al-Sakhawi</a> (d. 902 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">Al-Suyuti</a> (d. 911 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Samhudi" title="Nur al-Din al-Samhudi">Nur al-Din al-Samhudi</a> (d. 911 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_al-Dawani" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalal al-Din al-Dawani">Jalal al-Din al-Dawani</a> (d. 918 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qastallani" title="Al-Qastallani">Al-Qastallani</a> (d. 923 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariyya_al-Ansari" title="Zakariyya al-Ansari">Zakariyya al-Ansari</a> (d. 926 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sha%27rani" title="Al-Sha'rani">Al-Sha'rani</a> (d. 973 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Haytami" title="Ibn Hajar al-Haytami">Ibn Hajar al-Haytami</a> (d. 974 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khatib_al-Shirbini" title="Al-Khatib al-Shirbini">Al-Khatib al-Shirbini</a> (d. 977 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Munawi" title="Al-Munawi">Al-Munawi</a> (d. 1031 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Alawi_al-Haddad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah ibn Alawi al-Haddad">'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad</a> (d. 1132 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Attar" title="Hasan al-Attar">Hasan al-Attar</a> (d. 1230 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zayni_Dahlan" title="Ahmad Zayni Dahlan">Ahmad Zayni Dahlan</a> (d. 1304 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Nurs%C3%AE" title="Said Nursî">Bediuzzaman Said Nursi</a> (d. 1379 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_al-Qudah" class="mw-redirect" title="Noah al-Qudah">Noah al-Qudah</a> (d. 1432 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Harari" title="Abdullah al-Harari">'Abdallah al-Harari</a> (d. 1432 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Said_Ramadan_al-Bouti" title="Muhammad Said Ramadan al-Bouti">Al-Bouti</a> (d. 1434 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Gomaa" title="Ali Gomaa">Ali Gomaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Jifri" title="Ali al-Jifri">Ali al-Jifri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibril_Haddad" title="Gibril Haddad">Gibril Haddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hanbalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanbalis">Hanbalis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Aqil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn 'Aqil">Ibn 'Aqil</a> (d. 508 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jawzi" title="Ibn al-Jawzi">Ibn al-Jawzi</a> (d. 534 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zahiris" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahiris">Zahiris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tumart" title="Ibn Tumart">Ibn Tumart</a> (d. 524 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Mada%27" title="Ibn Mada'">Ibn Mada'</a> (d. 592 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hayyan_al-Andalusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi">Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi</a> (d. 745 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png/150px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png/225px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png/300px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Ash'ari leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_al-Mulk" title="Nizam al-Mulk">Nizam al-Mulk</a> (d. 485 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin">Yusuf ibn Tashfin</a> (d. 500 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Mu%27min" title="Abd al-Mu'min">'Abd al-Mu'min ibn 'Ali</a> (d. 558 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> (d. 589 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Adil_I" title="Al-Adil I">Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub</a> (d. 615 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kamil" title="Al-Kamil">Al-Kamil</a> (d. 635 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ashraf_Musa,_Emir_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Damascus">Al-Ashraf Musa</a> (d. 635 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutuz" title="Qutuz">Qutuz</a> (d. 658 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nasir_Muhammad" title="Al-Nasir Muhammad">Al-Nasir ibn Qalawun</a> (d. 741 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_Abdelkader_al-Jazairi" class="mw-redirect" title="Emir Abdelkader al-Jazairi">Emir Abdelkader al-Jazairi</a> (d. 1300 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Mukhtar" title="Omar al-Mukhtar">Omar al-Mukhtar</a> (d. 1350 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam">'Izz al-Din al-Qassam</a> (d. 1354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_el-Krim" title="Abd el-Krim">Ibn Abdelkarim al-Khattabi</a> (d. 1382 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Al-Muwahhidun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Theology books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabyin_Kadhib_al-Muftari" title="Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari">Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asas_al-Taqdis" title="Asas al-Taqdis">Asas al-Taqdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baz_al-Ashhab" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baz al-Ashhab">Al-Baz al-Ashhab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farq_bayn_al-Firaq" title="Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq">Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Milal_wa_al-Nihal" title="Al-Milal wa al-Nihal">Al-Milal wa al-Nihal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Guide_to_Conclusive_Proofs_for_the_Principles_of_Belief" title="A Guide to Conclusive Proofs for the Principles of Belief">Al-Irshad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Moderation_in_Belief" title="The Moderation in Belief">Al-Iqtisad fi al-I'tiqad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sayf_al-Saqil_fi_al-Radd_ala_Ibn_Zafil" title="Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd ala Ibn Zafil">Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd ala Ibn Zafil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_international_conference_on_Sunni_Islam_in_Grozny" title="2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny">2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahbash" title="Al-Ahbash">Al-Ahbash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF"><div>Ash'ari-related templates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Maturidi" title="Template:Maturidi"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:Orange">Maturidi</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">Hanafi</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Maliki_scholars" title="Template:Maliki scholars"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">Maliki</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Shafi%27i_scholars" title="Template:Shafi'i scholars"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">Shafi'i</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_theology" title="Template:Islamic theology"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">Islamic theology</span></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4120093#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4120093#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4120093#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081633483">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/90074237">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/66876/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrwRvXcBwDfTYdmFtTrbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/102372616">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81008266">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11343102b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11343102b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074642952">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/dbqsn7lx08j5pqn">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/20910">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007271758205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1033686">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd102372616.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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