CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Talk:Kidnapping into slavery in the United States - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7c6487fa-165e-44cb-935b-6f089a849403","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Talk","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":1,"wgPageName":"Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States","wgTitle":"Kidnapping into slavery in the United States","wgCurRevisionId":1204163425,"wgRevisionId":1204163425,"wgArticleId":32107990,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["C-Class African diaspora articles","Mid-importance African diaspora articles","WikiProject African diaspora articles","C-Class Crime-related articles","Low-importance Crime-related articles","WikiProject Crime and Criminal Biography articles","C-Class Discrimination articles","Mid-importance Discrimination articles","WikiProject Discrimination articles","C-Class Human rights articles", "Mid-importance Human rights articles","WikiProject Human rights articles","C-Class International relations articles","Low-importance International relations articles","C-Class International law articles","Low-importance International law articles","WikiProject International law articles","WikiProject International relations articles","C-Class sociology articles","Mid-importance sociology articles","C-Class United States articles","Mid-importance United States articles","C-Class United States articles of Mid-importance","C-Class United States History articles","Mid-importance United States History articles","WikiProject United States History articles","WikiProject United States articles"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States","wgRelevantArticleId":32107990,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove": [],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":5000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgDiscussionToolsFeaturesEnabled":{"replytool":true,"newtopictool":true,"sourcemodetoolbar":true,"topicsubscription":false,"autotopicsub":false,"visualenhancements":false,"visualenhancements_reply":false,"visualenhancements_pageframe":false},"wgDiscussionToolsFallbackEditMode":"source","wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":true,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi": ["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.discussionTools.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.discussionTools.init","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.discussionTools.init.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Talk:Kidnapping into slavery in the United States - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="ext-discussiontools-replytool-enabled ext-discussiontools-newtopictool-enabled ext-discussiontools-sourcemodetoolbar-enabled skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-1 ns-talk mw-editable page-Talk_Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States rootpage-Talk_Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Talk%3AKidnapping+into+slavery+in+the+United+States" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Talk%3AKidnapping+into+slavery+in+the+United+States" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Talk%3AKidnapping+into+slavery+in+the+United+States" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Talk%3AKidnapping+into+slavery+in+the+United+States" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Where_did_this_name_come_from?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Where_did_this_name_come_from?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Where did this name come from?</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">6 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Where_did_this_name_come_from?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inaccuracies_on_Constable_Garrigues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inaccuracies_on_Constable_Garrigues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Inaccuracies on Constable Garrigues</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">2 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Inaccuracies_on_Constable_Garrigues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Talk</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kidnapping into slavery in the United States</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang mw-portlet-lang-icon-only" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector-empty" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-portlet-lang-heading-empty" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="mw-portlet-empty-language-selector-body"> Page contents not supported in other languages. </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="istalk vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-addsection" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=new" title="Start a new section [+]" accesskey="+"><span>Add topic</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="istalk vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-addsection" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=new"><span>Add topic</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States&oldid=1204163425" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTalk%3AKidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTalk%3AKidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Talk%3AKidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237879475">.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-content{border:2px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-style{border:2px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-move{border:2px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1243927654">.mw-parser-output .banner-shell{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:4px}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-header{text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{padding:2px 4px;background:#fffaef;color:inherit;border:1px dotted gray}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{background:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{background:#2e2505}}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell .tmbox{margin:2px 0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell .tmbox.mbox-small{line-height:1.5em;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner .banner-shell-outside{display:none}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .wpbs{width:80%}}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .assess{width:60px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-header{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em 0.25em 0}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-header{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb:not(.mw-collapsed) .wpb-header-icon a{display:none}</style><table role="presentation" class="tmbox tmbox-notice banner-shell wpbs mw-collapsible"><tbody><tr><td class="assess"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_c_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="C-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Symbol_c_class.svg/35px-Symbol_c_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Symbol_c_class.svg/53px-Symbol_c_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Symbol_c_class.svg/70px-Symbol_c_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/></a></span></td><td class="banner-shell-header" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal">This article is rated <b>C-class</b> on Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_assessment" title="Wikipedia:Content assessment">content assessment</a> scale.<br/>It is of interest to the following <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject">WikiProjects</a>:</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="banner-shell-inner outercollapse"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394742">.mw-parser-output .wpb-header,.mw-parser-output .wpb-metadata,.mw-parser-output .wpb-iefix{display:none}.mw-parser-output .wpb-header-name{text-align:right;padding:0.3em 1em 0.3em 0.3em;width:50%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wpb-header-assessment{text-align:left;width:50%;padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .wpb-header-combined{text-align:left;padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.3em 0;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wpb-header-bubbles{border-radius:.5em;padding:0 .3em;margin-left:0.5em;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;color:black}.mw-parser-output .wpb-nested-task-force{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .wpb-header-icon{width:50px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#F5F5F5;border-width:1px;width:500px}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main{background-color:#FFFAEF;padding:3px 0 3px 0.7em}.mw-parser-output .wpb .wpb-main{padding:3px 5px}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#FFFAEF}.mw-parser-output .wpb-main>table{background-color:transparent;border:none;padding:0;width:100%;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .wpb .wpb-image{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .wpb-collapsed-head{text-align:left;padding:0.2em 2px 0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .wpb-collapsed-notes{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .wpb-collapsed-notes>table{width:100%;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .wpb .wpb-gutter{padding:2px 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#f8eaba;border:none}.mw-parser-output .wpb-table{table-layout:fixed}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .wpb{min-width:80%}}.mw-parser-output .assess{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;color:black}.mw-parser-output .import-top{background-color:#FFBFFF}.mw-parser-output .import-high{background-color:#FFCCFF}.mw-parser-output .import-mid{background-color:#FFD9FF}.mw-parser-output .import-low{background-color:#FFE7FF}.mw-parser-output .import-bottom{background-color:#FFEBFF}.mw-parser-output .import-na{background-color:#F5F5F5}.mw-parser-output .import-unknown{background-color:#DCDCDC}.mw-parser-output .class-fa,.mw-parser-output .class-fl,.mw-parser-output .class-fm{background-color:#BED3FF}.mw-parser-output .class-a,.mw-parser-output .class-al{background-color:#C0FFFF}.mw-parser-output .class-ga{background-color:#C0FFC0}.mw-parser-output .class-b,.mw-parser-output .class-bl{background-color:#DFFFBF}.mw-parser-output .class-c,.mw-parser-output .class-cl{background-color:#FFFFBE}.mw-parser-output .class-start{background-color:#FFDBBF}.mw-parser-output .class-stub,.mw-parser-output .class-sl{background-color:#FFC0C0}.mw-parser-output .class-list{background-color:#D2C0FF}.mw-parser-output .class-na{background-color:#F5F5F5}.mw-parser-output .class-category{background-color:#FFDB58}.mw-parser-output .class-disambig{background-color:#00FA9A}.mw-parser-output .class-draft{background-color:#E7B198}.mw-parser-output .class-file{background-color:#DDCCFF}.mw-parser-output .class-future{background-color:#B4BBFF}.mw-parser-output .class-portal{background-color:#DDB1BC}.mw-parser-output .class-project{background-color:#C0C090}.mw-parser-output .class-redirect{background-color:#C0C0C0}.mw-parser-output .class-sia{background-color:#E9DAFF}.mw-parser-output .class-user{background-color:#DDD06A}.mw-parser-output .class-template{background-color:#FBCEB1}.mw-parser-output .class-unassessed{background-color:#DCDCDC}.mw-parser-output .conflict{border:0.2em solid red}.mw-parser-output .inactive-wikiproject .wpb-header-bubbles{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#0a0a0a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpb-category-box{background-color:#0a0a0a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb .wpb-main,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .wpb-header{background-color:#302f2d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wpbs .banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}</style><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Afrodias_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Afrodias_logo.svg/22px-Afrodias_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Afrodias_logo.svg/33px-Afrodias_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Afrodias_logo.svg/44px-Afrodias_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="97" data-file-height="110"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_African_diaspora" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject African diaspora">African diaspora</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-mid">Mid‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Afrodias_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Afrodias_logo.svg/80px-Afrodias_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Afrodias_logo.svg/120px-Afrodias_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Afrodias_logo.svg/160px-Afrodias_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="97" data-file-height="110"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_African_diaspora" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject African diaspora">WikiProject African diaspora</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_African_diaspora" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject African diaspora">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">African diaspora</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject African diaspora</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject African diaspora</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">African diaspora articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-mid"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_African_diaspora_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance African diaspora articles">Mid</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Mid-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_African_diaspora/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject African diaspora/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arrest.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Arrest.svg/25px-Arrest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Arrest.svg/38px-Arrest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Arrest.svg/50px-Arrest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Crime_and_Criminal_Biography" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Crime and Criminal Biography">Crime and Criminal Biography</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-low">Low‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arrest.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Arrest.svg/60px-Arrest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Arrest.svg/90px-Arrest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Arrest.svg/120px-Arrest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Crime_and_Criminal_Biography" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Crime and Criminal Biography">WikiProject Crime and Criminal Biography</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Crime and Criminal Biography articles on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Crime_and_Criminal_Biography" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Crime and Criminal Biography">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Crime and Criminal Biography</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Crime and Criminal Biography</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Crime and Criminal Biography</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Crime-related articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-low"><a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_Crime-related_articles" title="Category:Low-importance Crime-related articles">Low</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Low-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Crime_and_Criminal_Biography/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Crime and Criminal Biography/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Disclogo1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Disclogo1.svg/16px-Disclogo1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Disclogo1.svg/25px-Disclogo1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Disclogo1.svg/33px-Disclogo1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="169" data-file-height="254"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Discrimination" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Discrimination">Discrimination</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-mid">Mid‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Disclogo1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Disclogo1.svg/45px-Disclogo1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Disclogo1.svg/68px-Disclogo1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Disclogo1.svg/90px-Disclogo1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="169" data-file-height="254"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Discrimination" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Discrimination">WikiProject Discrimination</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Discrimination" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Discrimination">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Discrimination</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Discrimination</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Discrimination</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Discrimination articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-mid"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_Discrimination_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance Discrimination articles">Mid</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Mid-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/Release_Version_Criteria#Importance_of_topic" title="Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Release Version Criteria">importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HumanRightsLogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/HumanRightsLogo.svg/24px-HumanRightsLogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/HumanRightsLogo.svg/36px-HumanRightsLogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/HumanRightsLogo.svg/48px-HumanRightsLogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="125"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Human_rights" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Human rights">Human rights</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-mid">Mid‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HumanRightsLogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/HumanRightsLogo.svg/50px-HumanRightsLogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/HumanRightsLogo.svg/75px-HumanRightsLogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/HumanRightsLogo.svg/100px-HumanRightsLogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="125"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Human_rights" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Human rights">WikiProject Human rights</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Human_rights" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Human rights">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Human rights</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Human rights</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Human rights</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Human rights articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-mid"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_Human_rights_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance Human rights articles">Mid</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Mid-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Human_rights/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Human rights/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Terra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/25px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/50px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_International_relations" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject International relations">International relations</a><span class="wpb-nested-task-force">: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_International_law" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject International law">Law</a></span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-low">Low‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Terra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/80px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/120px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/160px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_International_relations" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject International relations">WikiProject International relations</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">International relations</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_International_relations" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject International relations">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">International relations</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject International relations</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject International relations</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">International relations articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-low"><a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_International_relations_articles" title="Category:Low-importance International relations articles">Low</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Low-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_International_relations/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject International relations/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Original_Geneva_Conventions.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Original_Geneva_Conventions.jpg/30px-Original_Geneva_Conventions.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Original_Geneva_Conventions.jpg/45px-Original_Geneva_Conventions.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Original_Geneva_Conventions.jpg/60px-Original_Geneva_Conventions.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1882" data-file-height="1536"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article is supported by <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_International_law" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject International law">WikiProject International law</a></b> (assessed as <a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_International_law_articles" title="Category:Low-importance International law articles">Low-importance</a>).</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/33px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/50px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/66px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="76"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sociology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Sociology">Sociology</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-mid">Mid‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/80px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/120px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg/160px-Vista_Login_Manager_Cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="76"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/48px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/64px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122"/></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sociology" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Sociology">WikiProject Sociology</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Sociology" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Sociology">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Sociology</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Sociology</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Sociology</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">sociology articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-mid"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_sociology_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance sociology articles">Mid</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Mid-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sociology/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Sociology/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg/53px-Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="973" data-file-height="609"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_United_States" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject United States">United States</a><span class="wpb-nested-task-force">: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_United_States_History" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject United States History">History</a></span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-mid">Mid‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Flag-map_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="973" data-file-height="609"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul>This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_United_States" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject United States">WikiProject United States</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of topics relating to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the ongoing discussions. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="font-size:small; border:1px solid silver; padding:4px; text-align:center; border-radius:10px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_United_States#Usage" title="Template:WikiProject United States">Template Usage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_United_States/Requested_Articles" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject United States/Requested Articles"><b>Articles Requested!</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_United_States/Members" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject United States/Members">Become a Member</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_United_States" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject United States">Project Talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_United_States/Article_alerts" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject United States/Article alerts">Alerts</a></li></ul> </div><span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">United States</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject United States</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject United States</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">United States articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-mid"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_United_States_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance United States articles">Mid</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Mid-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_United_States/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject United States/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Constitution_Pg1of4_AC_icon_cut.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Constitution_Pg1of4_AC_icon_cut.png/73px-Constitution_Pg1of4_AC_icon_cut.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Constitution_Pg1of4_AC_icon_cut.png/110px-Constitution_Pg1of4_AC_icon_cut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Constitution_Pg1of4_AC_icon_cut.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="82"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article is supported by <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_United_States_History" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject United States History">WikiProject U.S. history</a></b> (assessed as <a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_United_States_History_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance United States History articles">Mid-importance</a>).</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br/> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Where_did_this_name_come_from?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Where_did_this_name_come_from?-2021-03-07T19:57:00.000Z"><span id="Where_did_this_name_come_from.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Where_did_this_name_come_from?-2021-03-07T19:57:00.000Z"></span>Where did this name come from?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Where_did_this_name_come_from?-2021-03-07T19:57:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Where did this name come from?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Alarob-2021-03-07T19:57:00.000Z-Where_did_this_name_come_from?"></span>The article lacks any information about who coined the term “Reverse Underground Railroad” or determined its very precise dates (1780-1865). The article acknowledges that the RUR was not a network of “stations” and “conductors,” and that what we are dealing with here is really a series of crimes by people who usually had no association. The crimes did not target people who had been “passengers” on the Underground Railroad. Often they were carried out in the open, with cooperation from state and/or federal authorities. In other words, the Reverse Underground Railroad was not a railroad, it was not underground, it did not target fugitives from slavery, it was not a cooperative network like the Underground Railroad, and it did not reverse the actions of the Underground Railroad. Also there is no indication that anyone with expertise has ever used this term in the way it’s used here. So why is this a Wikipedia article? Can anyone explain? — <a href="/wiki/User:Alarob" title="User:Alarob">ℜ<small>ob C.</small></a> <small><i>alias</i> <a href="/wiki/User_talk:Alarob" title="User talk:Alarob"><b>ALAROB</b></a></small> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States#c-Alarob-2021-03-07T19:57:00.000Z-Where_did_this_name_come_from?" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">19:57, 7 March 2021 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Alarob-2021-03-07T19:57:00.000Z-Where_did_this_name_come_from?"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Alarob-2021-03-07T19:57:00.000Z-Where_did_this_name_come_from?"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T17:17:00.000Z-Alarob-2021-03-07T19:57:00.000Z"></span>I don't think we know who coined the term. Maybe some reporter. I think the topic deserves an article, and I don't know a better term. You're wrong on one thing, which is that the RUR was open and that it was dealing with legal recovery of fugitive slaves. To the contrary, some men were capturing free blacks and manufacturing phony documents showing they were escaped slaves. Once taken to a slave state, their slave status is the default. No papers needed. Remember the black could not textify. There was a case of this that got published, my memory says in a pamphlet, from Saratoga Springs NY, wouldn't be hard to find.<a href="/wiki/User:Deisenbe" title="User:Deisenbe">deisenbe</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Deisenbe" title="User talk:Deisenbe">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States#c-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T17:17:00.000Z-Alarob-2021-03-07T19:57:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">17:17, 14 March 2021 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T17:17:00.000Z-Alarob-2021-03-07T19:57:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T17:17:00.000Z-Alarob-2021-03-07T19:57:00.000Z"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-ABF992-2021-03-14T19:24:00.000Z-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T17:17:00.000Z"></span>Check <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">newspapers.com</a> and you'll see that the first mention of this term in its current use is 1997, related to an investigation of the <a href="/wiki/Crenshaw_House_(Gallatin_County,_Illinois)" title="Crenshaw House (Gallatin County, Illinois)">Crenshaw House</a>, (aka Old Slave House) in Illinois by some hired researchers, one of whom later <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Slaves-Salt-Sex-Mr-Crenshaw/dp/097079844X">wrote a book about it</a> using the same term. If I find time, I'll add it in; if not, the info is there if someone else wants to go for it. <a href="/wiki/User:ABF992" title="User:ABF992">ABF992</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:ABF992" title="User talk:ABF992">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States#c-ABF992-2021-03-14T19:24:00.000Z-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T17:17:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">19:24, 14 March 2021 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-ABF992-2021-03-14T19:24:00.000Z-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T17:17:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-ABF992-2021-03-14T19:24:00.000Z-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T17:17:00.000Z"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T22:22:00.000Z-ABF992-2021-03-14T19:24:00.000Z"></span>It's in the Baltimore Sun of April 3, 1955. <a href="/wiki/User:Deisenbe" title="User:Deisenbe">deisenbe</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Deisenbe" title="User talk:Deisenbe">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States#c-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T22:22:00.000Z-ABF992-2021-03-14T19:24:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">22:22, 14 March 2021 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T22:22:00.000Z-ABF992-2021-03-14T19:24:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T22:22:00.000Z-ABF992-2021-03-14T19:24:00.000Z"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-ABF992-2021-03-15T01:17:00.000Z-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T22:22:00.000Z"></span>Good catch. It's from an article on Patty Cannon. What I read there is not the complete three word phrase "Reverse Underground Railroad", but this: "Schoolchildren today still read about the Underground Railroad that helped escaping slaves travel from the South to Canada. Patty's operation was just the reverse. Her Underground Railroad was one way in the other direction." So yes, this could be the original idea for the phrase which was then picked up again and popularized in 1997." I don't find anything else between those 2 dates, do you? <a href="/wiki/User:ABF992" title="User:ABF992">ABF992</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:ABF992" title="User talk:ABF992">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States#c-ABF992-2021-03-15T01:17:00.000Z-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T22:22:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:17, 15 March 2021 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-ABF992-2021-03-15T01:17:00.000Z-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T22:22:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-ABF992-2021-03-15T01:17:00.000Z-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T22:22:00.000Z"></span> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Deisenbe-2021-03-15T14:29:00.000Z-ABF992-2021-03-15T01:17:00.000Z"></span>I can't find anything earlier, so I'll accept that's where it started. Look at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://smithsonianassociates.org/ticketing/tickets/reverse-underground-railroad-slavery-and-kidnapping-in-pre-civil-war-america">https://smithsonianassociates.org/ticketing/tickets/reverse-underground-railroad-slavery-and-kidnapping-in-pre-civil-war-america</a> <a href="/wiki/User:Deisenbe" title="User:Deisenbe">deisenbe</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Deisenbe" title="User talk:Deisenbe">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States#c-Deisenbe-2021-03-15T14:29:00.000Z-ABF992-2021-03-15T01:17:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">14:29, 15 March 2021 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Deisenbe-2021-03-15T14:29:00.000Z-ABF992-2021-03-15T01:17:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Deisenbe-2021-03-15T14:29:00.000Z-ABF992-2021-03-15T01:17:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Inaccuracies_on_Constable_Garrigues" data-mw-thread-id="h-Inaccuracies_on_Constable_Garrigues-20230130202800"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Inaccuracies_on_Constable_Garrigues-20230130202800"></span>Inaccuracies on Constable Garrigues<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Inaccuracies_on_Constable_Garrigues-20230130202800"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Inaccuracies on Constable Garrigues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Trinsics-20230130202800-Inaccuracies_on_Constable_Garrigues"></span>There are inaccuracies in your section on Constable Garrigues. Notably, John Smith was John Purell's alias, not Thomas Collins (and neither of them were the head of the gang), and I find no record of a victim named Charles Bailey. (there was a James Daily who's story resembles the story told here.) The Johnson Gang referenced is the Patty Cannon Gang mentioned elsewhere in the article. </p><p>You can find my research at </p> <pre> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Reverse_Underground_Railroad_Victims">https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Reverse_Underground_Railroad_Victims</a> </pre> <p>and </p> <pre> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Reverse_Underground_Railroad_Timeline">https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Reverse_Underground_Railroad_Timeline</a> </pre> <p>and my writeup on Constable Garrigues (my 3rd great uncle) is at </p> <pre> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Garrigues-389">https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Garrigues-389</a> </pre> <p>Sam Scomp's tale is here: </p> <pre> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Scomp-7">https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Scomp-7</a> </pre> <p>Regarding your sources, Frankie Hutton's book has some inaccuracies including a total botching of the spelling of Garrigues's name that she'd gotten from one of the newspapers of the time. Richard Bell has a new book out entitled Stolen which is really excellent and is one of my sources. </p><p>Please feel free to use any of my research in updating this page. <a href="/wiki/User:Trinsics" title="User:Trinsics">Trinsics</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Trinsics" title="User talk:Trinsics">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States#c-Trinsics-20230130202800-Inaccuracies_on_Constable_Garrigues" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">20:28, 30 January 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Trinsics-20230130202800-Inaccuracies_on_Constable_Garrigues"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Trinsics-20230130202800-Inaccuracies_on_Constable_Garrigues"></span> </p> <ul><li><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Deisenbe-20230130203300-Trinsics-20230130202800"></span>To use your research it has to be published in a creditable, peer-reviewed source, like a newspaper or journal. <a href="/wiki/User:Deisenbe" title="User:Deisenbe">deisenbe</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Deisenbe" title="User talk:Deisenbe">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States#c-Deisenbe-20230130203300-Trinsics-20230130202800" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">20:33, 30 January 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Deisenbe-20230130203300-Trinsics-20230130202800"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Deisenbe-20230130203300-Trinsics-20230130202800"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States&oldid=1204163425">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States&oldid=1204163425</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_African_diaspora_articles" title="Category:C-Class African diaspora articles">C-Class African diaspora articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_African_diaspora_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance African diaspora articles">Mid-importance African diaspora articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_African_diaspora_articles" title="Category:WikiProject African diaspora articles">WikiProject African diaspora articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Crime-related_articles" title="Category:C-Class Crime-related articles">C-Class Crime-related articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_Crime-related_articles" title="Category:Low-importance Crime-related articles">Low-importance Crime-related articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Crime_and_Criminal_Biography_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Crime and Criminal Biography articles">WikiProject Crime and Criminal Biography articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Discrimination_articles" title="Category:C-Class Discrimination articles">C-Class Discrimination articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_Discrimination_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance Discrimination articles">Mid-importance Discrimination articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Discrimination_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Discrimination articles">WikiProject Discrimination articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_Human_rights_articles" title="Category:C-Class Human rights articles">C-Class Human rights articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_Human_rights_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance Human rights articles">Mid-importance Human rights articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Human_rights_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Human rights articles">WikiProject Human rights articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_International_relations_articles" title="Category:C-Class International relations articles">C-Class International relations articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_International_relations_articles" title="Category:Low-importance International relations articles">Low-importance International relations articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_International_law_articles" title="Category:C-Class International law articles">C-Class International law articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Low-importance_International_law_articles" title="Category:Low-importance International law articles">Low-importance International law articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_International_law_articles" title="Category:WikiProject International law articles">WikiProject International law articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_International_relations_articles" title="Category:WikiProject International relations articles">WikiProject International relations articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_sociology_articles" title="Category:C-Class sociology articles">C-Class sociology articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_sociology_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance sociology articles">Mid-importance sociology articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_United_States_articles" title="Category:C-Class United States articles">C-Class United States articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_United_States_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance United States articles">Mid-importance United States articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_United_States_articles_of_Mid-importance" title="Category:C-Class United States articles of Mid-importance">C-Class United States articles of Mid-importance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:C-Class_United_States_History_articles" title="Category:C-Class United States History articles">C-Class United States History articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mid-importance_United_States_History_articles" title="Category:Mid-importance United States History articles">Mid-importance United States History articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_United_States_History_articles" title="Category:WikiProject United States History articles">WikiProject United States History articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_United_States_articles" title="Category:WikiProject United States articles">WikiProject United States articles</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 February 2024, at 15:12<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Kidnapping_into_slavery_in_the_United_States&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-g7sxs","wgBackendResponseTime":130,"wgDiscussionToolsPageThreads":[{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Alarob-2021-03-07T19:57:00.000Z","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Where_did_this_name_come_from?-2021-03-07T19:57:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2021-03-07T19:57:00.000Z","author":"Alarob","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Alarob-2021-03-07T19:57:00.000Z-Where_did_this_name_come_from?","replies":[{"timestamp":"2021-03-14T17:17:00.000Z","author":"Deisenbe","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T17:17:00.000Z-Alarob-2021-03-07T19:57:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2021-03-14T19:24:00.000Z","author":"ABF992","type":"comment","level":3,"id":"c-ABF992-2021-03-14T19:24:00.000Z-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T17:17:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2021-03-14T22:22:00.000Z","author":"Deisenbe","type":"comment","level":4,"id":"c-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T22:22:00.000Z-ABF992-2021-03-14T19:24:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2021-03-15T01:17:00.000Z","author":"ABF992","type":"comment","level":5,"id":"c-ABF992-2021-03-15T01:17:00.000Z-Deisenbe-2021-03-14T22:22:00.000Z","replies":[{"timestamp":"2021-03-15T14:29:00.000Z","author":"Deisenbe","type":"comment","level":6,"id":"c-Deisenbe-2021-03-15T14:29:00.000Z-ABF992-2021-03-15T01:17:00.000Z","replies":[]}]}]}]}]}],"displayName":"ℜob C."}]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-Trinsics-20230130202800","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Inaccuracies_on_Constable_Garrigues-20230130202800","replies":[{"timestamp":"20230130202800","author":"Trinsics","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Trinsics-20230130202800-Inaccuracies_on_Constable_Garrigues","replies":[{"timestamp":"20230130203300","author":"Deisenbe","type":"comment","level":2,"id":"c-Deisenbe-20230130203300-Trinsics-20230130202800","replies":[]}]}]}],"wgPageParseReport":{"discussiontools":{"limitreport-timeusage":"0.017"},"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.343","walltime":"0.491","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7468,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":69162,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6268,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":21,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":49452,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 410.016 1 -total"," 99.23% 406.869 1 Template:WikiProject_banner_shell"," 38.38% 157.364 1 Template:WikiProject_United_States"," 15.46% 63.396 1 Template:WikiProject_African_diaspora"," 7.44% 30.512 1 Template:Flatlist"," 5.79% 23.728 1 Template:WikiProject_Sociology"," 2.98% 12.231 91 Template:Ifexist_not_redirect"," 2.32% 9.529 1 Template:WikiProject_Crime_and_Criminal_Biography"," 2.10% 8.626 1 Template:WikiProject_International_relations"," 1.95% 8.000 1 Template:WikiProject_Discrimination"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.165","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2812786,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-568d7855d4-fwz6q","timestamp":"20241125180951","ttl":864000,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> </body> </html>