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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Achaemenid_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achaemenid_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Achaemenid era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Achaemenid_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Text_of_the_Suez_Inscriptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Text_of_the_Suez_Inscriptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Text of the Suez Inscriptions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Text_of_the_Suez_Inscriptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Islamic_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Islamic_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early Islamic era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Islamic_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_and_Egyptian_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_and_Egyptian_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ottoman and Egyptian rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_and_Egyptian_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Portuguese_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Portuguese attacks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>City districts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-City_districts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle City districts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-City_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-El_Arbaeen_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#El_Arbaeen_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>El Arbaeen District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-El_Arbaeen_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suez_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suez_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Suez District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suez_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-El_Ganayen_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#El_Ganayen_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>El Ganayen District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-El_Ganayen_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faisal_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faisal_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Faisal District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faisal_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ataqah_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ataqah_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Ataqah District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ataqah_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suez_Canal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suez_Canal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Suez Canal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suez_Canal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Twin towns and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Suez</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="السويس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السويس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A7%D5%A6" title="Սուէզ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սուէզ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCvey%C5%9F" title="Süveyş – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Süveyş" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%B2_(%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1)" title="سوئز (شهر) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوئز (شهر)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D3%99%D0%B9%D1%81_(%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%86)" title="Сүәйс (Суэц) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сүәйс (Суэц)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%86" title="Суэц – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Суэц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Суец – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Суец" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Ehipto)" title="Suez (kapital sa lalawigan sa Ehipto) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Suez (kapital sa lalawigan sa Ehipto)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sues" title="Sues – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sues" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suess" title="Suess – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suess" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CE%B6" title="Σουέζ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σουέζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suezo" title="Suezo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Suezo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%B2_(%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1)" title="سوئز (شهر) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوئز (شهر)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_(ville)" title="Suez (ville) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Suez (ville)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C3%ABz" title="Suëz – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Suëz" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suais" title="Suais – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Suais" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%97%90%EC%A6%88" title="수에즈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수에즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%A6" title="Սուեզ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուեզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%86" title="Суэц – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Суэц" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_(idolobha)" title="Suez (idolobha) – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Suez (idolobha)" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAes" title="Súes – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Súes" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A5_(%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8)" title="סואץ (עיר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סואץ (עיר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C3%A8z" title="Suèz – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Suèz" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98" title="სუეცი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სუეცი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suesia" title="Suesia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Suesia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suvaisa" title="Suvaisa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Suvaisa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suecas" title="Suecas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Suecas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szuez" title="Szuez – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szuez" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9D" title="सुएझ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सुएझ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="السويس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="السويس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A8%E3%82%BA" title="スエズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スエズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Сувайс – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сувайс" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C3%A8z_(vila)" title="Suèz (vila) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Suèz (vila)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suvaysh" title="Suvaysh – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suvaysh" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%86" title="Суэц – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Суэц" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suezi" title="Suezi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Suezi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_(mesto)" title="Suez (mesto) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Suez (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Суец – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Суец" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8B" title="สุเอซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สุเอซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCvey%C5%9F" title="Süveyş – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Süveyş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Суец – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Суец" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="سوئیز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سوئیز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez" title="Suez – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Suez" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E4%BC%8A%E5%A3%AB" title="苏伊士 – 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32.550</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Egypt</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Egypt. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Suez_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Suez (disambiguation)">Suez (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Egypt</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Suez</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">السويس</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Egypt" title="List of cities and towns in Egypt">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid black;width:275px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EG-suez-20-bg-suez.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/EG-suez-20-bg-suez.jpg/330px-EG-suez-20-bg-suez.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/EG-suez-20-bg-suez.jpg/500px-EG-suez-20-bg-suez.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/EG-suez-20-bg-suez.jpg/960px-EG-suez-20-bg-suez.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EG-suez-06-bg-bruecke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/EG-suez-06-bg-bruecke.jpg/250px-EG-suez-06-bg-bruecke.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/EG-suez-06-bg-bruecke.jpg/330px-EG-suez-06-bg-bruecke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3.jpg/250px-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3.jpg/330px-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suez_Canal_Stadium.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Suez_Canal_Stadium.png/330px-Suez_Canal_Stadium.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Suez_Canal_Stadium.png/500px-Suez_Canal_Stadium.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Suez_Canal_Stadium.png/960px-Suez_Canal_Stadium.png 2x" data-file-width="1127" data-file-height="487" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Suez_Governorate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Suez"><img alt="Flag of Suez" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_Suez_Governorate.svg/120px-Flag_of_Suez_Governorate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_Suez_Governorate.svg/250px-Flag_of_Suez_Governorate.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iss016e019375.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Satellite view of the port and city, the southern terminus of the Suez Canal that transits through Egypt and debouches into the Mediterranean Sea near Port Said. (Up is north-east)."><img alt="Satellite view of the port and city, the southern terminus of the Suez Canal that transits through Egypt and debouches into the Mediterranean Sea near Port Said. (Up is north-east)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Iss016e019375.jpg/250px-Iss016e019375.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Iss016e019375.jpg/330px-Iss016e019375.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Iss016e019375.jpg/500px-Iss016e019375.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3032" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Satellite view of the port and city, the southern terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> that transits through Egypt and <a href="/wiki/Debouch" title="Debouch">debouches</a> into the Mediterranean Sea near Port Said. (Up is north-east).</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Suez is located in Egypt"><img alt="Suez is located in Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1055" data-file-height="973" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.75%;left:63.74%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Suez"><img alt="Suez" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Suez</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Egypt</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Egypt</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lower_Egypt_ancient_nomes_position_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Suez is located in Lower Egypt"><img alt="Suez is located in Lower Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lower_Egypt_ancient_nomes_position_map.jpg/250px-Lower_Egypt_ancient_nomes_position_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lower_Egypt_ancient_nomes_position_map.jpg/500px-Lower_Egypt_ancient_nomes_position_map.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="249" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.531%;left:79.286%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Suez"><img alt="Suez" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Suez</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Suez (Lower Egypt)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Lower Egypt</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Suez is located in Africa"><img alt="Suez is located in Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Africa_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Africa_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Africa_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Africa_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.817%;left:68.29%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Suez"><img alt="Suez" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Suez</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Suez (Africa)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Africa</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Suez&params=29_58_N_32_33_E_region:EG_type:city(801894)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°58′N</span> <span class="longitude">32°33′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.967°N 32.550°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.967; 32.550</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorates of Egypt">Governorate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Suez_Governorate" title="Suez Governorate">Suez</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1859</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governor</th><td class="infobox-data">Abdel-mageed Saqr</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,002 km<sup>2</sup> (3,476 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">11 m (36 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">801,894</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">89/km<sup>2</sup> (230/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pound" title="Egyptian pound">EGP</a> 119 billion<br />(<a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 7.6 billion)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Egypt_Standard_Time" title="Egypt Standard Time">EGY</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suez.gov.eg/">Suez.gov.eg</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Suez</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Arabic language">Egyptian Arabic</a>: <span lang="arz" dir="rtl">السويس</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Egyptian Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="arz-Latn">as-Suways</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="arz-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">[esseˈweːs]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Port#Seaport" title="Port">seaport city</a> with a population of about 800,000 as of August 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> in north-eastern <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, located on the north coast of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Suez" title="Gulf of Suez">Gulf of Suez</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>, near the southern terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>. It is the capital and largest city of the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Governorate" title="Suez Governorate">Suez Governorate</a>. It has three ports: the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Port" title="Suez Port">Suez Port</a> (Port Tewfik), al-Adabiya,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and al-Zaytiya,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and extensive port facilities. Together, the three cities form the Suez <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>, located mostly in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> with a small portion in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. </p><p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Suez&params=29_58_N_32_33_E_region:EG_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°58′N</span> <span class="longitude">32°33′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.967°N 32.550°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.967; 32.550</span></span></span></a></span></span>Railway lines and highways connect the city with <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Said" title="Port Said">Port Said</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ismailia" title="Ismailia">Ismailia</a>. Suez has a petrochemical plant, and its oil refineries have pipelines carrying the finished product to Cairo. These are represented in the flag of the governorate: the blue background refers to the sea, the gear refers to Suez's status as an industrial governorate, and the flame refers to the petroleum firms of Suez. </p><p>The modern city of Suez is a successor of the ancient city of <a href="/wiki/Clysma" title="Clysma">Clysma</a>, a major Red Sea port and a center of monasticism.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city's name is derived from a <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">fuʿayl</a></i></span> form of the <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> word for '<a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">liquorice</a>' (Arabic: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سُوس</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">sūs</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Achaemenid_era">Achaemenid era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Achaemenid era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius the Great</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great%27s_Suez_Inscriptions" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius the Great's Suez Inscriptions">Suez Inscriptions</a> were texts written in <a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elamite_language" title="Elamite language">Elamite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian language">Babylonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian</a> on five monuments erected in Wadi Tumilat, commemorating the opening of a canal between the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bitter_Lakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitter Lakes">Bitter Lakes</a>, to facilitate a shipping connection between Egypt, then a <a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">satrapy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a>, and Persia (i.e. the greater portion of the Empire itself). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Text_of_the_Suez_Inscriptions">Text of the Suez Inscriptions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Text of the Suez Inscriptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Partial transliteration and translation of the inscription: </p><p>Transliteration of the Old Persian text: <span title="Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)-language text"><i lang="peo">xâmanišiya \ thâtiy \ Dârayavauš \ XŠ \ adam \ Pârsa \ amiy \ hacâ \ Pâ rsâ \ Mudrâyam \ agarbâyam \ adam \ niyaštâyam \ imâm \ yauviyâ m \ katanaiy \ hacâ \ Pirâva \ nâma \ rauta \ tya \ Mudrâyaiy \ danuvatiy \ ab iy \ draya \ tya \ hacâ \ Pârsâ \ aitiy \ pasâva \ iyam \ yauviyâ \ akaniya \ avathâ \ yathâ \ adam \ niyaštâyam \ utâ \ nâva \ âyatâ \ hacâ \ Mudrâ yâ \ tara \ imâm \ yauviyâm \ abiy \ Pârsam \ avathâ \ yathâ \ mâm \ kâma\ âha</i></span> </p><p>English translation: "King Darius says: I am a Persian; setting out from Persia I conquered Egypt. I ordered to dig this canal from the river that is called Nile and flows in Egypt, to the sea that begins in Persia. Therefore, when this canal had been dug as I had ordered, ships went from Egypt through this canal to Persia, as I had intended." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Islamic_era">Early Islamic era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early Islamic era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 7th century AD a town named "<a href="/wiki/Clysma" title="Clysma">Kolzum</a>" stood just north of the site of present-day Suez and served as eastern terminus of a canal built by <a href="/wiki/Amr_ibn_al-%27As" class="mw-redirect" title="Amr ibn al-'As">Amr ibn al-'As</a>, linking the <a href="/wiki/Nile_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile River">Nile River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>. Kolzum's trade fell following the closure of the canal in 770 by the second <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> caliph, <a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">al-Mansur</a>, to prevent his enemies in <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabia">Arabia</a> from accessing supplies from Egypt and the lands north of it. Nonetheless, the town benefited from the trade that remained between Egypt and Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-Chisholm22_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chisholm22-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 780 al-Mansur's successor <a href="/wiki/Al-Mahdi" title="Al-Mahdi">al-Mahdi</a> restored part of the canal.<sup id="cite_ref-Houtsma498_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houtsma498-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Qarmatians" title="Qarmatians">Qarmatians</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Al-Hasan_al-A%27sam" title="Al-Hasan al-A'sam">al-Hasan al-A'sam</a> defeated a <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a> army headed by <a href="/wiki/Jawhar_al-Siqilli" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawhar al-Siqilli">Jawhar al-Siqilli</a> at Kolzum in 971 and thereby captured the town. Following his defeat in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> by al-Siqilli at the end of that year, Hasan and his forces retreated to Arabia via Kolzum.<sup id="cite_ref-Houtsma1115_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houtsma1115-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suez was situated nearby and served as a source of drinking water for Kolzum, according to the <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> traveler <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muqaddasi">al-Muqaddasi</a>, who visited in 986.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubid">Ayyubid</a> sultan of Egypt, <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>, fortified both Kolzum and Suez in order to defend Egypt's eastern frontier from <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusader</a> raids by <a href="/wiki/Raynald_of_Chatillon" class="mw-redirect" title="Raynald of Chatillon">Raynald of Chatillon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1183 and 1184, Raynald had ships stationed in the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> to prevent the Ayyubid garrison at Kolzum from accessing water. In response, Saladin's brother <a href="/wiki/Al-Adil" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Adil">al-Adil</a> had <a href="/w/index.php?title=Husam_ad-Din_Lu%27lu%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Husam ad-Din Lu'lu' (page does not exist)">Husam ad-Din Lu'lu'</a> build a naval fleet, which sailed to the southern port of <a href="/wiki/Aidab" class="mw-redirect" title="Aidab">Aidab</a> to end Raynald's venture.<sup id="cite_ref-Houtsma1115_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houtsma1115-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 13th century, it was recorded that Kolzum was in ruins, as was Suez, which had gradually replaced the former as a population center.<sup id="cite_ref-Chisholm22_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chisholm22-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Muslim historians <a href="/wiki/Al-Maqrizi" title="Al-Maqrizi">al-Maqrizi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Idrisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Idrisi">al-Idrisi</a>, Kolzum had once been a prosperous town, until it was occupied and plundered by <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a>. Arab geographer <a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Ansari_al-Dimashqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shams al-Din al-Ansari al-Dimashqi">al-Dimashqi</a> noted that Kolzum belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk</a> province of <a href="/wiki/Al_Karak" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Karak">al-Karak</a> at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Houtsma1115_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houtsma1115-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_and_Egyptian_rule">Ottoman and Egyptian rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ottoman and Egyptian rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isthme_de_Soueys_(Isthmus_of_Suez)._Plan_du_port_de_Soueys_et_du_fond_du_Golfe_Arabique._I-IV._Profils_du_canal_projet%C3%A9_entre_les_deux_mers_(NYPL_b14212718-1268722).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Isthme_de_Soueys_%28Isthmus_of_Suez%29._Plan_du_port_de_Soueys_et_du_fond_du_Golfe_Arabique._I-IV._Profils_du_canal_projet%C3%A9_entre_les_deux_mers_%28NYPL_b14212718-1268722%29.jpg/250px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Isthme_de_Soueys_%28Isthmus_of_Suez%29._Plan_du_port_de_Soueys_et_du_fond_du_Golfe_Arabique._I-IV._Profils_du_canal_projet%C3%A9_entre_les_deux_mers_%28NYPL_b14212718-1268722%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Isthme_de_Soueys_%28Isthmus_of_Suez%29._Plan_du_port_de_Soueys_et_du_fond_du_Golfe_Arabique._I-IV._Profils_du_canal_projet%C3%A9_entre_les_deux_mers_%28NYPL_b14212718-1268722%29.jpg/500px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="5490" /></a><figcaption>c.1800 French map of the "<a href="/wiki/Isthmus" title="Isthmus">Isthmus</a> of Suez"; the port area shown on the map is c.10km south of the modern city of Suez and is uninhabited today.</figcaption></figure> <p>To prevent <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> attacks against Egyptian coastal towns and the Red Sea port of <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qansuh_al-Ghawri" class="mw-redirect" title="Qansuh al-Ghawri">Qansuh al-Ghawri</a>, the last <a href="/wiki/Burji_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Burji dynasty">Mamluk</a> sultan, ordered a 6,000-man force headed by <a href="/wiki/Selman_Reis" title="Selman Reis">Selman Reis</a> to defend Suez in 1507, which in turn limited the Mamluk military's capabilities against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the Ottoman conquest of Egypt at the beginning of the 16th century, Suez became both a major naval and trading station. The Ottoman fleets at Suez were instrumental in disputing control over <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> trade with the Portuguese.<sup id="cite_ref-Chisholm22_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chisholm22-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the Red Sea in the 16th & 17th century. Campaigns against the Ottoman Empire. Yellow - Factories ( Mokha) Red - Allied Territorie or under influence. Dark Green - Campaigns of Adal.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Portuguese_attacks">Portuguese attacks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Portuguese attacks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Portuguese_conflicts_(1538%E2%80%931560)" title="Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1560)">Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1560)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman-Portuguese_conflicts_(1538-1557)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman-Portuguese conflicts (1538-1557)">Ottoman-Portuguese conflicts (1538-1557)</a></div> <p>In trying to limit the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Navy" title="Ottoman Navy">Ottoman Navy</a> to the Red Sea, after the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Diu_(1538)" title="Siege of Diu (1538)">siege of Diu</a> in 1538, a Portuguese fleet was sent in 1541 to seek out and destroy the Ottoman navy. After capturing <a href="/wiki/El_Tor,_Egypt" title="El Tor, Egypt">El Tor</a> on the Egyptian coast, the fleet's commander <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o_da_Gama_(16th_century)" title="Estêvão da Gama (16th century)">Estevão da Gama</a> gave the order to attack Suez, but failed to engage the Ottoman fleet as the Ottomans had received intelligence about the incoming attack beforehand. Instead, the Portuguese fleet spent the next 7 months in the Red Sea sailing from port to port and waiting in <a href="/wiki/Massawa" title="Massawa">Massawa</a> before eventually leaving for India.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>German explorer <a href="/wiki/Carsten_Niebuhr" title="Carsten Niebuhr">Carsten Niebuhr</a> noted that in the 18th century a 20-strong fleet sailed annually from Suez to <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>, which served both as <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>'s port and Egypt's gateway for trade with India. However, by the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Egypt_and_Syria" title="French invasion of Egypt and Syria">French invasion of Egypt and Syria</a> in 1798, Suez had once again devolved into an unimportant town. Fighting between <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Army" title="French Revolutionary Army">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Military of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman troops</a> in 1800 left most of the town in ruins.<sup id="cite_ref-Chisholm22_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chisholm22-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its importance as a port increased after the Suez Canal opened in 1869.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city was virtually destroyed during battles in the late 1960s and early 1970s between Egyptian and Israeli forces occupying the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a>. The town was deserted following the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> in 1967. <a href="/wiki/Avraham_Adan" title="Avraham Adan">Avraham Adan</a> tried to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suez" title="Battle of Suez">capture the city</a> but it failed, it cost the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) 80 troops killed, 120 wounded and 40 tanks destroyed. Reconstruction of Suez began soon after Egypt reopened the Suez Canal, following the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> with Israel. </p><p>Suez was the first city to hold major protests against the government of <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 Egyptian revolution</a> and was the scene of the first fatality of that uprising.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On account of this, it has been called the <a href="/wiki/Sidi_Bouzid" title="Sidi Bouzid">Sidi Bouzid</a> of Egypt, recalling that small town's role in the <a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Tunisian_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="2010–2011 Tunisian revolution">2010–2011 Tunisian revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Container_Ship_%27Ever_Given%27_stuck_in_the_Suez_Canal,_Egypt_-_March_24th,_2021_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Container_Ship_%27Ever_Given%27_stuck_in_the_Suez_Canal%2C_Egypt_-_March_24th%2C_2021_cropped.jpg/250px-Container_Ship_%27Ever_Given%27_stuck_in_the_Suez_Canal%2C_Egypt_-_March_24th%2C_2021_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Container_Ship_%27Ever_Given%27_stuck_in_the_Suez_Canal%2C_Egypt_-_March_24th%2C_2021_cropped.jpg/330px-Container_Ship_%27Ever_Given%27_stuck_in_the_Suez_Canal%2C_Egypt_-_March_24th%2C_2021_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Container_Ship_%27Ever_Given%27_stuck_in_the_Suez_Canal%2C_Egypt_-_March_24th%2C_2021_cropped.jpg/500px-Container_Ship_%27Ever_Given%27_stuck_in_the_Suez_Canal%2C_Egypt_-_March_24th%2C_2021_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2661" data-file-height="1766" /></a><figcaption> Obstruction at Suez; a container ship got stuck in March 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2021, the container ship <i><a href="/wiki/Ever_Given" title="Ever Given">Ever Given</a></i> became stuck across the Suez canal near Suez. This came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/2021_Suez_Canal_obstruction" title="2021 Suez Canal obstruction">2021 Suez Canal obstruction</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="City_districts">City districts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: City districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is divided into five main districts: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="El_Arbaeen_District">El Arbaeen District</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: El Arbaeen District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dom_Jo%C3%A3o_de_Castro_-_Roteiro_do_Mar_Roxo_-_Suez.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Dom_Jo%C3%A3o_de_Castro_-_Roteiro_do_Mar_Roxo_-_Suez.jpg/250px-Dom_Jo%C3%A3o_de_Castro_-_Roteiro_do_Mar_Roxo_-_Suez.jpg" decoding="async" width="217" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Dom_Jo%C3%A3o_de_Castro_-_Roteiro_do_Mar_Roxo_-_Suez.jpg/330px-Dom_Jo%C3%A3o_de_Castro_-_Roteiro_do_Mar_Roxo_-_Suez.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Dom_Jo%C3%A3o_de_Castro_-_Roteiro_do_Mar_Roxo_-_Suez.jpg/500px-Dom_Jo%C3%A3o_de_Castro_-_Roteiro_do_Mar_Roxo_-_Suez.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1157" data-file-height="1552" /></a><figcaption>Suez, in 1541 in drawing by Dom João de Castro ( Roteiro do Mar Roxo)</figcaption></figure> <p>The most populous district of the city, it has most of the government buildings and public institutions. It also has the city's main fruit and vegetable markets in addition to other markets and stores selling various commodities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suez_District">Suez District</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Suez District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suez_city_hall.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Suez_city_hall.JPG/220px-Suez_city_hall.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Suez_city_hall.JPG/330px-Suez_city_hall.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Suez_city_hall.JPG/440px-Suez_city_hall.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Suez Governorate city hall</figcaption></figure> <p>Suez district is considered the most affluent area in the city. The real estate there is significantly more expensive than any other district in the city. Its buildings have more modern architectural style than those in the El Arbaeen District. It includes the affluent neighbourhood of Port Tawfik, which directly overlooks the Suez Canal. Port Tawfik includes some old-style houses that date back to the era of English occupation. The district also includes two of Egypt's most important oil refineries; El-Nasr Petroleum Company and Suez Petroleum Company. Also, <a href="/wiki/Suez_Port" title="Suez Port">Suez Port</a>, one of Egypt's main ports, lies within the perimeter of Suez District. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="El_Ganayen_District">El Ganayen District</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: El Ganayen District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This district stretches all the way to the border with Ismailia Governorate and contains the entire Asian territory of the city. It has all the rural areas of the city and can be thought of as the city's "countryside". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faisal_District">Faisal District</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Faisal District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It includes the newer neighbourhoods of the city. Most of the areas at Faisal District were established after the 1973 <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur war</a>, which had destroyed vast areas of the city. Examples of neighborhoods in Faisal District include Al-Sabbah, Al-Amal and Al-Mushi, to name a few. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ataqah_District">Ataqah District</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ataqah District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is characterised by the existence of many industrial areas. There are plants and factories specialising in fertilisers, cement, steel, cooking oil, flour products, oil rigs, ceramic tiles, sugar, and many other products. There is also the Attaka Power Plant. </p><p>The district also includes Ain Sokhna, one of Egypt's most important sea resorts, overlooking the Gulf of Suez. Ain Sokhna has numerous high-class sea resorts and is frequented by many tourists, Egyptians and foreigners, all over the year due to its warm weather. The district is also home to the Ain Sokhna Sea Port, one of Egypt's main sea ports operated by the Dubai-based DP World Company and the Al-Ataka Fishing Port, which is the city's main fish production port. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suez_Canal">Suez Canal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Suez Canal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suez,_with_figures,_camels_and_a_rainbow._Coloured_lithograp_Wellcome_V0049456.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Suez%2C_with_figures%2C_camels_and_a_rainbow._Coloured_lithograp_Wellcome_V0049456.jpg/250px-Suez%2C_with_figures%2C_camels_and_a_rainbow._Coloured_lithograp_Wellcome_V0049456.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Suez%2C_with_figures%2C_camels_and_a_rainbow._Coloured_lithograp_Wellcome_V0049456.jpg/330px-Suez%2C_with_figures%2C_camels_and_a_rainbow._Coloured_lithograp_Wellcome_V0049456.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Suez%2C_with_figures%2C_camels_and_a_rainbow._Coloured_lithograp_Wellcome_V0049456.jpg/500px-Suez%2C_with_figures%2C_camels_and_a_rainbow._Coloured_lithograp_Wellcome_V0049456.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3248" data-file-height="2158" /></a><figcaption>Suez, 1839; A lithograph by <a href="/wiki/David_Roberts_(painter)" title="David Roberts (painter)">David Roberts</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Land,_Syria,_Idumea,_Arabia,_Egypt,_and_Nubia" title="The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia">The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suez1_i_maj_1982.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Suez1_i_maj_1982.jpg/250px-Suez1_i_maj_1982.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Suez1_i_maj_1982.jpg/330px-Suez1_i_maj_1982.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Suez1_i_maj_1982.jpg 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="235" /></a><figcaption>View of Suez from the canal in 1982</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suez1856.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Suez1856.jpg/250px-Suez1856.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Suez1856.jpg/330px-Suez1856.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Suez1856.jpg/500px-Suez1856.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1449" data-file-height="1242" /></a><figcaption>Northernmost part of <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Suez" title="Gulf of Suez">Gulf of Suez</a> with town Suez on map of 1856</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suez_Canal_Bridge_(2008)_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Suez_Canal_Bridge_%282008%29_07.jpg/250px-Suez_Canal_Bridge_%282008%29_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Suez_Canal_Bridge_%282008%29_07.jpg/330px-Suez_Canal_Bridge_%282008%29_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Suez_Canal_Bridge_%282008%29_07.jpg/500px-Suez_Canal_Bridge_%282008%29_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption>Detail view of one of the main pylons.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EG-suez-19-bg-suez.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/EG-suez-19-bg-suez.jpg/250px-EG-suez-19-bg-suez.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/EG-suez-19-bg-suez.jpg/330px-EG-suez-19-bg-suez.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/EG-suez-19-bg-suez.jpg/500px-EG-suez-19-bg-suez.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Suez Canal shoreline</figcaption></figure> <p>In ancient times, there was a canal from the Nile delta to the Gulf of Suez, when the gulf extended further north than it does today.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This canal fell into disuse, and the present canal was built in the nineteenth century. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salam_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Salam_Bridge.jpg/250px-Salam_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Salam_Bridge.jpg/330px-Salam_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Salam_Bridge.jpg/500px-Salam_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sunset" title="Sunset">Sunset</a> view from land to <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal_Bridge" title="Suez Canal Bridge">Suez Canal Bridge</a>, which links Africa with Asia</figcaption></figure> <p>The Suez Canal offers a significantly shorter passage for ships, as compared to passing round the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a>. The construction of the Suez Canal was favoured by the natural conditions of the region: the comparatively short distance between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, the occurrence of a line of lakes or depressions which became lakes (<a href="/wiki/Lake_Manzala" title="Lake Manzala">Lake Manzala</a> in the north, and depressions, <a href="/wiki/Timsah" class="mw-redirect" title="Timsah">Timsah</a> and the Bitter Lakes, part way along the route), and the generally flat terrain. The construction of the canal was proposed by the engineer and French diplomat <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Lesseps" title="Ferdinand de Lesseps">Ferdinand de Lesseps</a>, who in 1854 acquired from <a href="/wiki/Sa%27id_of_Egypt" title="Sa'id of Egypt">Said Pasha</a> the rights of constructing and operating the canal for a period of 99 years. The <i>Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez</i> was formed. Construction took 11 years, and the canal opened on 17 November 1869. The canal had an immediate and dramatic effect on world trade. </p><p>In July 1956, just a few days after the fourth anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revolution_of_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Revolution of 1952">Egyptian Revolution of 1952</a>, the Egyptian government under President <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> nationalised the Suez Canal Company, which had been run by the French and owned privately, with the British as the largest shareholders. In 1956, Israeli, British and French forces invaded the Suez Canal, which became known as the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a>. Following Israel's invasion and occupation of the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> of 1967, the Canal was closed, and did not reopen until 1975. </p><p>On March 23, 2021, a <a href="/wiki/Container_ship" title="Container ship">container ship</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Ever_Given" title="Ever Given">Ever Given</a> ran aground in the canal and blocked it.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, the Canal is a vital link in world trade, and contributes significantly to the Egyptian economy; in 2009 the income generated from the canal accounted for 3.7% of Egypt's GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_city_of_Suez_and_Suez_Canal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Aerial_view_of_city_of_Suez_and_Suez_Canal.jpg/250px-Aerial_view_of_city_of_Suez_and_Suez_Canal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Aerial_view_of_city_of_Suez_and_Suez_Canal.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_of_city_of_Suez_and_Suez_Canal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Aerial_view_of_city_of_Suez_and_Suez_Canal.jpg/500px-Aerial_view_of_city_of_Suez_and_Suez_Canal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Suez and <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Suez" title="Isthmus of Suez">Isthmus of Suez</a> is considered the boundary between Africa and Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger_climate_classification_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen-Geiger climate classification system">Köppen-Geiger climate classification system</a> classifies its climate as a <a href="/wiki/Hot_desert_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot desert climate">hot desert</a> (BWh). </p><p>The hottest recorded temperature was 49 °C (120 °F) on June 14, 1965 while the coldest recorded temperature was 1 °C (34 °F) on February 23, 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-Voodoo_Skies_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voodoo_Skies-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Suez (1961–1990) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0<br />(102.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9<br />(98.4) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.8<br />(109.0) </td> <td style="background: #E30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.5<br />(110.3) </td> <td style="background: #BF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.1<br />(115.0) </td> <td style="background: #DB0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.1<br />(111.4) </td> <td style="background: #C30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.8<br />(114.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.2<br />(106.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.2<br />(102.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #BF0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.1<br />(115.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1<br />(95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1<br />(97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7<br />(96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17<br />(0.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">53 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Egypt" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Egypt">List of twin towns and sister cities in Egypt</a></div> <p>Suez is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti"><img alt="Djibouti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/40px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/60px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Djibouti (city)">Djibouti City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/60px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Skopje_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skopje-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Yassine" title="Ismail Yassine">Ismail Yassine</a> (1912-1972), singer, comedian and actor<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Nafae" title="Ebrahim Nafae">Ebrahim Nafae</a> (1934–2018), journalist and a former editor-in-chief of Al-Ahram Newspaper.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Latif_Moubarak" title="Abdel Latif Moubarak">Abdel Latif Moubarak</a> (born 1964), poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youssef_Maaty" title="Youssef Maaty">Youssef Maaty</a> (born 1963), playwright</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/32px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/48px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/64px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Egypt" title="Portal:Egypt">Egypt portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attaqa_Mountain_Pumped_Storage_Power_Plant" title="Attaqa Mountain Pumped Storage Power Plant">Attaqa Mountain Pumped Storage Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suez" title="Battle of Suez">Battle of Suez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Egypt" title="List of cities and towns in Egypt">List of cities and towns in Egypt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>William Matthew Flinders Petrie, A History of Egypt. Volume 3: From the XIXth to the XXXth Dynasties, Adamant Media Corporation, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-543-99326-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-543-99326-4">0-543-99326-4</a>, p. 366 Barbara Watterson (1997), The Egyptians, Blackwell Publishing, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-21195-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-21195-0">0-631-21195-0</a>, p. 186 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-citypopulation-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/egypt/cities/?cityid=577">"Egypt: Governorates, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information"</a>. <i>www.citypopulation.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Egypt%3A+Governorates%2C+Major+Cities+%26+Towns+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Maps%2C+Charts%2C+Weather+and+Web+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fegypt%2Fcities%2F%3Fcityid%3D577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mped.gov.eg/Governorate?lang=en">"GDP BY GOVERNORATE"</a>, <i>mped.gov.eg</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=mped.gov.eg&rft.atitle=GDP+BY+GOVERNORATE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmped.gov.eg%2FGovernorate%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C.</a> (2008). <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.). Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0"><bdi>978-1-4058-8118-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones2011" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a> (2011). <a href="/wiki/Peter_Roach_(phonetician)" title="Peter Roach (phonetician)">Roach, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jane_Setter" title="Jane Setter">Setter, Jane</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Esling" title="John Esling">Esling, John</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary</a></i> (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6"><bdi>978-0-521-15255-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.edition=18th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-15255-6&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sczone.eg/services/al-adabiya-port/">"Al Adabiya port – SCZONE"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Al+Adabiya+port+%E2%80%93+SCZONE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsczone.eg%2Fservices%2Fal-adabiya-port%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rspa.gov.eg/port-zytyat.html">"الهيئة العامة لموانئ البحر الأحمر || الموقع الرسمي"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9+%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A6+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1+%26%23124%3B%26%23124%3B+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rspa.gov.eg%2Fport-zytyat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMayerson1996" class="citation journal cs1">Mayerson, Philip (1996). "The Port of Clysma (Suez) in Transition from Roman to Arab Rule". <i>Journal of Near Eastern Studies</i>. <b>55</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">119–</span>126. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F373802">10.1086/373802</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/546035">546035</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163029985">163029985</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Near+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Port+of+Clysma+%28Suez%29+in+Transition+from+Roman+to+Arab+Rule&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E119-%3C%2Fspan%3E126&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163029985%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F546035%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F373802&rft.aulast=Mayerson&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStefan1988" class="citation book cs1">Stefan, Timm (1988). <i>Das christlich-koptische Agypten in arabischer Zeit</i>. p. 2425.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+christlich-koptische+Agypten+in+arabischer+Zeit&rft.pages=2425&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Stefan&rft.aufirst=Timm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFreytag1830" class="citation book cs1">Freytag, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1830). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/lexiconarabicol1v2frey"><i>Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus, adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum. Accedit Index vocum latinarum locupletissimus</i></a>. Robarts - University of Toronto. Halis Saxonum C.A. Schwetschke.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lexicon+arabico-latinum+praesertim+ex+Djeuharii+Firuzabadiique+et+aliorum+Arabum+operibus%2C+adhibitis+Golii+quoque+et+aliorum+libris+confectum.+Accedit+Index+vocum+latinarum+locupletissimus&rft.pub=Halis+Saxonum+C.A.+Schwetschke&rft.date=1830&rft.aulast=Freytag&rft.aufirst=Georg+Wilhelm+Friedrich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flexiconarabicol1v2frey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chisholm22-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chisholm22_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chisholm22_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chisholm22_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chisholm22_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chisholm, p.22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Houtsma498-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Houtsma498_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Houtsma, p.498.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Houtsma1115-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Houtsma1115_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Houtsma1115_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Houtsma1115_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Houtsma, p.1115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Forgotten Books, p.61. Quotes <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muqaddasi">al-Muqaddasi</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Houtsma, 1993, p.341.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brummett, p.85 and p.115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhiteway1995" class="citation book cs1">Whiteway, R. S. (June 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tSz8lqqFckwC&q=suakin+Portuguese&pg=PA271"><i>Rise of Portuguese Power in India</i></a>. Asian Educational Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120605008" title="Special:BookSources/9788120605008"><bdi>9788120605008</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rise+of+Portuguese+Power+in+India&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1995-06&rft.isbn=9788120605008&rft.aulast=Whiteway&rft.aufirst=R.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtSz8lqqFckwC%26q%3Dsuakin%2BPortuguese%26pg%3DPA271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/learning/timeline/item124188.html#:~:text=In%201869%2C%20the%20Suez%20Canal,to%20travel%20round%20southern%20Africa">"Opening of the Suez Canal"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opening+of+the+Suez+Canal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Flearning%2Ftimeline%2Fitem124188.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DIn%25201869%252C%2520the%2520Suez%2520Canal%2Cto%2520travel%2520round%2520southern%2520Africa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/revolutionthrougharabeyes/2011/12/20111229132934234283.html">Suez: Cradle of Revolt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309202008/http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/revolutionthrougharabeyes/2011/12/20111229132934234283.html">Archived</a> 2012-03-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a>. 2012-01-17. Retrieved on 2012-03-10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-protests-suez-idUSTRE70Q49520110127">Could Suez be Egypt's Sidi Bouzid?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141126001829/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/27/us-egypt-protests-suez-idUSTRE70Q49520110127">Archived</a> 2014-11-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 2011-01-27. Retrieved on 2012-03-10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Suez Canal"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Suez_Canal">"Suez Canal" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 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It could get costly</a> Julia Horowitz, CNN Business; updated 25 March 2021 <i>www.cnn.com</i>, accessed 1 April 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Economist</i>, July 17–23, 2010, A Favored Spot: Egypt is making the most of its natural advantages.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHughesWilliams1908" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, William; Williams, J.F. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+advanced+class-book+of+modern+geography&rft.pages=332&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Williams%2C+J.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjwUPAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voodoo_Skies-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Voodoo_Skies_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voodooskies.com/weather/egypt/port-taufiq">"Ismailia (Port Taufiq), Egypt"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ismailia+%28Port+Taufiq%29%2C+Egypt&rft.pub=Voodoo+Skies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvoodooskies.com%2Fweather%2Fegypt%2Fport-taufiq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004162415/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-I/UB/62450.TXT">"El Suez Climate Normals 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Suez+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2Fdata%2Fnormals%2FWMO%2F1961-1990%2FRA-I%2FUB%2F62450.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skopje-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skopje_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131024131101/http://www.skopje.gov.mk/EN/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=0&tabid=69">"Official portal of City of Skopje - Skopje Sister Cities"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skopje.gov.mk/EN/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabindex=0&tabid=69">the original</a> on 2013-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+portal+of+City+of+Skopje+-+Skopje+Sister+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skopje.gov.mk%2FEN%2FDesktopDefault.aspx%3Ftabindex%3D0%26tabid%3D69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elcinema.com/person/pr1073202">Ismail Yasin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160420190648/http://www.elcinema.com/person/pr1073202/">Archived</a> 2016-04-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at ElCinema.com (Arabic)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Suez"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Suez">"Suez" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Suez&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=22&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFForgotten_Books" class="citation cs2">Forgotten Books, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v708AJcLTkMC&q=Suwais+Egypt"><i>The Churches and Monasteries of Egypt and Some Neighbouring Countries</i></a>, Forgotten Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1440060096" title="Special:BookSources/1440060096"><bdi>1440060096</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Churches+and+Monasteries+of+Egypt+and+Some+Neighbouring+Countries&rft.pub=Forgotten+Books&rft.isbn=1440060096&rft.au=Forgotten+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv708AJcLTkMC%26q%3DSuwais%2BEgypt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoutsmaWensinck1993" class="citation cs2">Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor; Wensinck, A.J. (1993), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ro--tXw_hxMC&q=Turanshah+brother+Saladin&pg=PA884"><i>E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936</i></a>, BRILL, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004097961" title="Special:BookSources/9004097961"><bdi>9004097961</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=E.J.+Brill%27s+First+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+1913-1936&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9004097961&rft.aulast=Houtsma&rft.aufirst=Martijn+Theodoor&rft.au=Wensinck%2C+A.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dro--tXw_hxMC%26q%3DTuranshah%2Bbrother%2BSaladin%26pg%3DPA884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASuez" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suez&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.Suez-online.com/">Suez Online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190518073347/http://www.suez-online.com/">Archived</a> 2019-05-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panoramio.com/user/760796/tags/Suez">Suez Canal photos</a></li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media 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this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governorates_capitals_of_Egypt164" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorates of Egypt"> Governorates capitals of Egypt</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governorate <small><span class="nobold">(capital)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Governorate" title="Alexandria Governorate">Alexandria</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aswan_Governorate" title="Aswan Governorate">Aswan</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Aswan" title="Aswan">Aswan</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asyut_Governorate" title="Asyut Governorate">Asyut</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Asyut" title="Asyut">Asyut</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beheira_Governorate" title="Beheira Governorate">Beheira</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Damanhur" title="Damanhur">Damanhur</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beni_Suef_Governorate" title="Beni Suef Governorate">Beni Suef</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Beni_Suef" title="Beni Suef">Beni Suef</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Governorate" title="Cairo Governorate">Cairo</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakahlia_Governorate" title="Dakahlia Governorate">Dakahlia</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Mansoura,_Egypt" title="Mansoura, Egypt">Mansoura</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damietta_Governorate" title="Damietta Governorate">Damietta</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Damietta" title="Damietta">Damietta</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiyum_Governorate" title="Faiyum Governorate">Faiyum</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Faiyum" title="Faiyum">Faiyum</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gharbia_Governorate" title="Gharbia Governorate">Gharbia</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Tanta" title="Tanta">Tanta</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giza_Governorate" title="Giza Governorate">Giza</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Giza" title="Giza">Giza</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismailia_Governorate" title="Ismailia Governorate">Ismailia</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ismailia" title="Ismailia">Ismailia</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_El_Sheikh_Governorate" title="Kafr El Sheikh Governorate">Kafr El Sheikh</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Kafr_El_Sheikh" title="Kafr El Sheikh">Kafr El Sheikh</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxor_Governorate" title="Luxor Governorate">Luxor</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Luxor" title="Luxor">Luxor</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrouh_Governorate" title="Matrouh Governorate">Matrouh</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Mersa_Matrouh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mersa Matrouh">Mersa Matrouh</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minya_Governorate" title="Minya Governorate">Minya</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Minya,_Egypt" title="Minya, Egypt">Minya</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monufia_Governorate" title="Monufia Governorate">Monufia</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Shibin_El_Kom" title="Shibin El Kom">Shibin El Kom</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Valley_Governorate" title="New Valley Governorate">New Valley</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Kharga_Oasis" title="Kharga Oasis">Kharga</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sinai_Governorate" title="North Sinai Governorate">North Sinai</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Arish" title="Arish">Arish</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Said_Governorate" title="Port Said Governorate">Port Said</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Port_Said" title="Port Said">Port Said</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalyubia_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Qalyubia Governorate">Qalyubia</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Benha" class="mw-redirect" title="Benha">Benha</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qena_Governorate" title="Qena Governorate">Qena</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Qena" title="Qena">Qena</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_Governorate" title="Red Sea Governorate">Red Sea</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Hurghada" title="Hurghada">Hurghada</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharqia_Governorate" title="Sharqia Governorate">Sharqia</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Zagazig" title="Zagazig">Zagazig</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohag_Governorate" title="Sohag Governorate">Sohag</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Sohag" title="Sohag">Sohag</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sinai_Governorate" title="South Sinai Governorate">South Sinai</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/El_Tor,_Egypt" title="El Tor, Egypt">El Tor</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Governorate" title="Suez Governorate">Suez</a> <small>(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Suez</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Egyptian_cities_by_population120" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Egyptian_cities_by_population" title="Template:Egyptian cities by population"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Egyptian_cities_by_population" title="Template talk:Egyptian cities by population"><abbr title="Discuss this 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style="width:1%">300,000–999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Suez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Said" title="Port Said">Port Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansoura,_Egypt" title="Mansoura, Egypt">Mansoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Mahalla_El_Kubra" title="El Mahalla El Kubra">El Mahalla El Kubra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanta" title="Tanta">Tanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asyut" title="Asyut">Asyut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiyum" title="Faiyum">Faiyum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khusus" title="Khusus">Khusus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagazig" title="Zagazig">Zagazig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismailia" title="Ismailia">Ismailia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aswan" title="Aswan">Aswan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_of_October_(city)" title="6th of October (city)">6th of October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damanhur" title="Damanhur">Damanhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damietta" title="Damietta">Damietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minya,_Egypt" title="Minya, Egypt">Minya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beni_Suef" title="Beni Suef">Beni Suef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000–299,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luxor" title="Luxor">Luxor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arish" title="Arish">Arish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benha" class="mw-redirect" title="Benha">Benha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desouk" title="Desouk">Desouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edfu" title="Edfu">Edfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurghada" title="Hurghada">Hurghada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_El_Dawwar" title="Kafr El Dawwar">Kafr El Dawwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_El_Sheikh" title="Kafr El Sheikh">Kafr El Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallawi" title="Mallawi">Mallawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Cairo" title="New Cairo">New Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obour_(city)" title="Obour (city)">Obour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qena" title="Qena">Qena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibin_El_Kom" title="Shibin El Kom">Shibin El Kom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohag" title="Sohag">Sohag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mit_Ghamr" title="Mit Ghamr">Mit Ghamr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zefta" title="Zefta">Zefta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Senbellawein" title="El Senbellawein">El Senbellawein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekernes" title="Dekernes">Dekernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Gamaliya" title="El Gamaliya">El Gamaliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Manzala" title="El Manzala">El Manzala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Matareya,_Dakahlia" title="El Matareya, Dakahlia">El Matareya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talkha" title="Talkha">Talkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belqas" title="Belqas">Belqas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minya_al-Qamh" title="Minya al-Qamh">Minya al-Qamh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilbeis" title="Bilbeis">Bilbeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_of_Ramadan_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="10th of Ramadan (city)">10th of Ramadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Kebir,_Egypt" title="Abu Kebir, Egypt">Abu Kebir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faqous" title="Faqous">Faqous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Qurein" title="El Qurein">El Qurein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benha" class="mw-redirect" title="Benha">Benha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalyub" title="Qalyub">Qalyub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashmoun" title="Ashmoun">Ashmoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menouf" title="Menouf">Menouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadat_City" title="Sadat City">Sadat City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edku" title="Edku">Edku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Hawamdeya" title="El Hawamdeya">El Hawamdeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerdasa" title="Kerdasa">Kerdasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biba,_Egypt" title="Biba, Egypt">Biba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Fashn" title="El Fashn">El Fashn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasser,_Egypt" title="Nasser, Egypt">Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinnuris" title="Sinnuris">Sinnuris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samalut" title="Samalut">Samalut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beni_Mazar" title="Beni Mazar">Beni Mazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghagha" title="Maghagha">Maghagha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tig" title="Abu Tig">Abu Tig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfalut" title="Manfalut">Manfalut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Quseyya" title="El Quseyya">El Quseyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairut" title="Dairut">Dairut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abnub" title="Abnub">Abnub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahta" title="Tahta">Tahta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tima,_Egypt" title="Tima, Egypt">Tima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girga" title="Girga">Girga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhmim" title="Akhmim">Akhmim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esna" title="Esna">Esna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersa_Matruh" title="Mersa Matruh">Mersa Matruh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Suez_Canal73" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Suez_Canal" title="Template:Suez Canal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Suez_Canal" title="Template talk:Suez Canal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Suez_Canal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Suez Canal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Suez_Canal73" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal_Authority" title="Suez Canal Authority">Suez Canal Authority</a> (SCA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Said_Port_Authority" title="Port Said Port Authority">Port Said Port Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Governorate" title="Suez Governorate">Suez Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismailia_Governorate" title="Ismailia Governorate">Ismailia Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Said_Governorate" title="Port Said Governorate">Port Said Governorate</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SuezCanal-EO.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/SuezCanal-EO.JPG/120px-SuezCanal-EO.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/SuezCanal-EO.JPG/250px-SuezCanal-EO.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="581" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and ports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_Said" title="Port Said">Port Said</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_Fuad" title="Port Fuad">Port Fuad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal_Container_Terminal" title="Suez Canal Container Terminal">Suez Canal Container Terminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismailia" title="Ismailia">Ismailia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Suez</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Port" title="Suez Port">Suez Port</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Waterworks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suezmax" title="Suezmax">Suezmax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Manzala" title="Lake Manzala">Lake Manzala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Timsah" title="Lake Timsah">Lake Timsah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bitter_Lake" title="Great Bitter Lake">Great Bitter Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%AFlia_Canal" title="Ismaïlia Canal">Ismaïlia Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constructions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_Said_Lighthouse" title="Port Said Lighthouse">Port Said Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal_Bridge" title="Suez Canal Bridge">Suez Canal Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Ferdan_Railway_Bridge" title="El Ferdan Railway Bridge">El Ferdan Railway Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hamdi_Tunnel" title="Ahmed Hamdi Tunnel">Ahmed Hamdi Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal_overhead_powerline_crossing" title="Suez Canal overhead powerline crossing">Power line crossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Expansion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal_Area_Development_Project" title="Suez Canal Area Development Project">Area Development Project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal_Area_Development_Project#New_Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal Area Development Project">New Suez Canal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marine life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lessepsian_migration" title="Lessepsian migration">Lessepsian migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lessepsian_migrant_species" title="List of Lessepsian migrant species">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heroopolite_Gulf" title="Heroopolite Gulf">Heroopolite Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_of_the_Pharaohs" title="Canal of the Pharaohs">Canal of the Pharaohs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Mediterranean" title="Indo-Mediterranean">Indo-Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_d%27%C3%89tudes_du_Canal_de_Suez" title="Société d'Études du Canal de Suez">Société d'études du Canal de Suez</a> (1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Suez_Canal_obstruction" title="2021 Suez Canal obstruction">Obstruction by <i>Ever Given</i></a> (2021)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French/UK operation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Lesseps" title="Ferdinand de Lesseps">Ferdinand de Lesseps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Isma'il Pasha">Isma'il Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Suez Canal Company">Suez Canal Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Constantinople" title="Convention of Constantinople">Convention of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_the_Suez_Canal" title="Raid on the Suez Canal">Raid on the Suez Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_treaty_of_1936" title="Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936">Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)<br /><div class="center">(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Suez_Crisis" title="Timeline of the Suez Crisis">Timeline</a>)</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Musketeer_(1956)" title="Operation Musketeer (1956)">Operation Musketeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tarnegol" title="Operation Tarnegol">Operation Tarnegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Telescope" title="Operation Telescope">Operation Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Protocol of Sèvres">Protocol of Sèvres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_118" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 118">United Nations Security Council Resolution 118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_119" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 119">United Nations Security Council Resolution 119</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134514#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1608" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134514#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1608" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134514#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/152497685">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1236959/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4747363-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84164232">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Suez (Égypte)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16577592v">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Suez (Égypte)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16577592v">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX6009547">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007555194905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/2a086cf8-e045-4828-ae42-e5fe7e18c4b1">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Suez" title="Category:Suez">Suez</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Governorate_capitals_in_Egypt" title="Category:Governorate capitals in Egypt">Governorate capitals in Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Suez_Governorate" title="Category:Populated places in Suez Governorate">Populated places in Suez Governorate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_coastal_places_in_Egypt" title="Category:Populated coastal places in Egypt">Populated coastal places in Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Port_cities_and_towns_in_Egypt" title="Category:Port cities and towns in Egypt">Port cities and towns in Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Port_cities_and_towns_of_the_Red_Sea" title="Category:Port cities and towns of the Red Sea">Port cities and towns of the Red Sea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Suez_Canal" title="Category:Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a></li><li><a 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