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Terdapat 98 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81" title="إيفان بافلوف – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيفان بافلوف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81" title="ايفان بافلوف – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايفان بافلوف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_P%C3%A1vlov" title="Iván Pávlov – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Iván Pávlov" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0van_Pavlov" title="İvan Pavlov – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İvan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="ایوان پاولف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایوان پاولف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Павлов Иван Петрович – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Павлов Иван Петрович" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Іван Пятровіч Паўлаў – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іван Пятровіч Паўлаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Іван Паўлаў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Іван Паўлаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Иван Павлов – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Иван Павлов" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AD" title="ইভান পাভলভ – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইভান পাভলভ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_P%C3%A0vlov" title="Ivan Pàvlov – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ivan Pàvlov" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A4%D9%84%DB%86%DA%A4" title="ئیڤان پاڤلۆڤ – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیڤان پاڤلۆڤ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Petrovi%C4%8D_Pavlov" title="Ivan Petrovič Pavlov – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ivan Petrovič Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan_Petrowitsch_Pawlow" title="Iwan Petrowitsch Pawlow – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iwan Petrowitsch Pawlow" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%86" title="Ιβάν Πάβλοφ – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιβάν Πάβλοφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_P%C3%A1vlov" title="Iván Pávlov – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iván Pávlov" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="ایوان پاولف – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایوان پاولف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91" title="איוואן פבלוב – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איוואן פבלוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5" title="इवान पावलोव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इवान पावलोव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Petrovi%C4%8D_Pavlov" title="Ivan Petrovič Pavlov – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ivan Petrovič Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Petrovics_Pavlov" title="Ivan Petrovics Pavlov – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ivan Petrovics Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Իվան Պավլով – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իվան Պավլով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dvan_Pavlov" title="Ívan Pavlov – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ívan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%91%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95" title="イワン・パブロフ – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イワン・パブロフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ივანე პავლოვი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ივანე პავლოვი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Иван Петрович Павлов – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иван Петрович Павлов" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಪಾವ್ಲೋವ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಪಾವ್ಲೋವ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%98_%ED%8C%8C%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9C%ED%94%84" title="이반 파블로프 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이반 파블로프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Evan_Pavlov" title="Îvan Pavlov – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îvan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Иван Павлов – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иван Павлов" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Pavlov" title="Ioannes Pavlov – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan_Petrowitsch_Pawlow" title="Iwan Petrowitsch Pawlow – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Iwan Petrowitsch Pawlow" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanas_Pavlovas" title="Ivanas Pavlovas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ivanas Pavlovas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivans_Pavlovs" title="Ivans Pavlovs – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ivans Pavlovs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Иван Петрович Павлов – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Иван Петрович Павлов" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇവാൻ പാവ് ലോവ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇവാൻ പാവ് ലോവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Иван Павлов – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иван Павлов" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81" title="ایوان پاولف – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایوان پاولف" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%8D" title="ଇଭାନ୍ ପାଭ୍ଲଭ୍ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇଭାନ୍ ପାଭ୍ଲଭ୍" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5" title="ਇਵਾਨ ਪਾਵਲੋਵ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਵਾਨ ਪਾਵਲੋਵ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwan_Paw%C5%82ow" title="Iwan Pawłow – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Iwan Pawłow" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%DA%86_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81" title="آئیون پیٹرووچ پاولوف – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئیون پیٹرووچ پاولوف" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Павлов, Иван Петрович – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Павлов, Иван Петрович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D" title="इवान् पेत्रोविच् पाव्लोव् – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="इवान् पेत्रोविच् पाव्लोव्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Petrovich_Pavlov" title="Ivan Petrovich Pavlov – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ivan Petrovich Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Petrovi%C4%8D_Pavlov" title="Ivan Petrovič Pavlov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ivan Petrovič Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Petrovi%C4%8D_Pavlov" title="Ivan Petrovič Pavlov – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ivan Petrovič Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Petrovi%C3%A7_Pavlov" title="Ivan Petroviç Pavlov – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ivan Petroviç Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Иван Павлов – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Иван Павлов" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D" title="இவான் பாவ்லோவ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இவான் பாவ்லோவ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇవాన్ పావ్లోవ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇవాన్ పావ్లోవ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F" title="อีวาน ปัฟลอฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อีวาน ปัฟลอฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0van_Pavlov" title="İvan Pavlov – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İvan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_(1849)" title="Иван Павлов (1849) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Иван Павлов (1849)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Павлов Іван Петрович – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Павлов Іван Петрович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81" title="ایوان پاؤلوف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایوان پاؤلوف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Petrovich_Pavlov" title="Ivan Petrovich Pavlov – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ivan Petrovich Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%94%AB%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB" title="巴甫洛夫 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴甫洛夫" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ივანე პავლოვი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ივანე პავლოვი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95" title="איוואן פאוולאוו – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איוואן פאוולאוו" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ivan Pavlov" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%90%AC%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%94%AB%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB" title="伊萬·巴甫洛夫 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊萬·巴甫洛夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Petrovi%C4%87_Pavlov" title="Ivan Petrović Pavlov – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ivan Petrović Pavlov" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%94%AB%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB" title="巴甫洛夫 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴甫洛夫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42985#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><span class="fn">Ivan Petrovich Pavlov<br />Иван Петрович Павлов</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg/220px-Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg/330px-Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg/440px-Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1135" data-file-height="1599" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lahir</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><a href="/wiki/26_September" title="26 September">26 September</a> <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a><br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Rusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerajaan Rusia">Rusia</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meninggal</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><a href="/wiki/27_Februari" title="27 Februari">27 Februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a> (umur 86 tahun)<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Petersburg">Leningrad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tempat tinggal</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Rusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerajaan Rusia">Kerajaan Rusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kebangsaan</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Almamater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><a href="/wiki/Universitas_Saint_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Universitas Saint Petersburg">Universitas Saint Petersburg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dikenal atas</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">Pengkondisian Klasik</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Penghargaan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">Hadiah Nobel bidang Fisiologi atau Kedokteran (1904)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><b>Karier ilmiah</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bidang</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiolog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisiolog (halaman belum tersedia)">Fisiolog</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institusi</th><td class="infobox-data">Military Medical Academy</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ivan Petrovich Pavlov</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">bahasa Rusia</a>: <i>Иван Петрович Павлов</i>) (<a href="/wiki/14_September" title="14 September">14 September</a> <a href="/wiki/1849" title="1849">1849</a> – <a href="/wiki/27_Februari" title="27 Februari">27 Februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>) adalah seorang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiolog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisiolog (halaman belum tersedia)">fisiolog</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Dokter" title="Dokter">dokter</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>. Ia dilahirkan di sebuah <a href="/wiki/Desa" title="Desa">desa</a> kecil di Rusia tengah. <a href="/wiki/Keluarga" title="Keluarga">Keluarganya</a> mengharapkannya menjadi <a href="/wiki/Pendeta" title="Pendeta">pendeta</a>, sehingga ia ber<a href="/wiki/Sekolah" title="Sekolah">sekolah</a> di <a href="/wiki/Seminari" title="Seminari">Seminari</a> <a href="/wiki/Teologi" title="Teologi">Teologi</a>. Setelah membaca <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>, ia menyadari bahwa ia lebih banyak peduli untuk pencarian ilmiah sehingga ia meninggalkan seminari ke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitas_St._Petersburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitas St. Petersburg (halaman belum tersedia)">Universitas St. Petersburg</a>. Di sana ia belajar <a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">kimia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi">fisiologi</a>, dan menerima <a href="/wiki/Gelar_doktor" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelar doktor">gelar doktor</a> pada <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>. Ia melanjutkan studinya dan memulai <a href="/wiki/Riset" class="mw-redirect" title="Riset">risetnya</a> sendiri dalam topik yang menarik baginya: <a href="/wiki/Sistem_pencernaan" title="Sistem pencernaan">sistem pencernaan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sistem_peredaran_darah" title="Sistem peredaran darah">peredaran darah</a>. Karyanya pun terkenal, dan diangkat sebagai <a href="/wiki/Profesor" title="Profesor">profesor</a> fisiologi di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akademi_Kedokteran_Kekaisaran_Rusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akademi Kedokteran Kekaisaran Rusia (halaman belum tersedia)">Akademi Kedokteran Kekaisaran Rusia</a>. </p><p>Karya yang membuat Pavlov memiliki reputasi sebenarnya bermula sebagai studi dalam pencernaan. Ia sedang mencari proses pencernaan pada <a href="/wiki/Anjing" title="Anjing">anjing</a>, khususnya hubungan timbal balik antara <a href="/wiki/Air_ludah" class="mw-redirect" title="Air ludah">air ludah</a> dan kerja <a href="/wiki/Perut" class="mw-redirect" title="Perut">perut</a>. Ia sadar kedua hal itu berkaitan erat dengan refleks dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_saraf_otonom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem saraf otonom (halaman belum tersedia)">sistem saraf otonom</a>. Tanpa <a href="/wiki/Air_liur" title="Air liur">air liur</a>, perut tidak membawa pesan untuk memulai pencernaan. Pavlov ingin melihat bahwa rangsangan luar dapat memengaruhi proses ini, maka ia membunyikan <a href="/wiki/Metronom" title="Metronom">metronom</a> dan pada saat yang sama ia mengadakan percobaan <a href="/wiki/Makanan" title="Makanan">makanan</a> anjing. Setelah beberapa saat, anjing itu—yang hanya sebelum mengeluarkan <a href="/wiki/Liur" class="mw-redirect" title="Liur">liur</a> saat mereka melihat dan memakan makanannya—akan mulai mengeluarkan air liur saat metronom itu bersuara, malahan jika tiada makanan ada. Pada <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a> Pavlov menerbitkan hasil <a href="/wiki/Eksperimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Eksperimen">eksperimennya</a> dan menyebutnya "refleks terkondisi," berbeda dari refleks halus, seperti. Pavlov menyebut proses pembelajaran ini (sebagai contoh, saat <a href="/wiki/Sistem_saraf" title="Sistem saraf">sistem saraf</a> anjing menghubungkan suara metronom dengan makanan) "pengkondisian". Ia juga menemukan bahwa refleks terkondisi akan tertekan bila rangsangan ternyata terlalu sering "salah". Jika metronom bersuara berulang-ulang dan tidak ada makanan, anjing akan berhenti mengeluarkan <a href="/wiki/Ludah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludah">ludah</a>. </p><p>Pavlov lebih tertarik pada fisiologi ketimbang <a href="/wiki/Psikologi" title="Psikologi">psikologi</a>. Ia melihat pada ilmu <a href="/wiki/Psikiatri" title="Psikiatri">psikiatri</a> yang masih baru saat itu sedikit meragukan. Namun ia sungguh-sungguh berpikir bahwa refleks terkondisi dapat menjelaskan perilaku orang gila. Sebagai contoh, ia mengusulkan, mereka yang menarik diri dari dunia bisa menghubungkan semua rangsangan dengan <a href="/wiki/Luka" title="Luka">luka</a> atau ancaman yang mungkin. Gagasannya memainkan peran besar dalam teori psikologi behavioris, diperkenalkan oleh <a href="/wiki/John_Watson" class="mw-disambig" title="John Watson">John Watson</a> sekitar <a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a>. </p><p>Pavlov amat dihormati di negerinya sendiri—baik sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Rusia" title="Kekaisaran Rusia">Kekaisaran Rusia</a> maupun <a href="/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a>—dan di seluruh <a href="/wiki/Dunia" title="Dunia">dunia</a>. Pada <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>, ia memenangkan <a href="/wiki/Penghargaan_Nobel_dalam_Fisiologi_atau_Kedokteran" class="mw-redirect" title="Penghargaan Nobel dalam Fisiologi atau Kedokteran">Penghargaan Nobel dalam Fisiologi atau Kedokteran</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Penelitian" title="Penelitian">penelitiannya</a> tentang pencernaan. Ia adalah orang yang terang-terangan dan sering bersilang pendapat dengan pemerintah <a href="/wiki/Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet">Soviet</a> dalam hidupnya, tetapi karena reputasinya, dan juga karena bangganya penduduk senegerinya kepadanya, membuatnya terjaga dari penganiayaan. Ia aktif bekerja di <a href="/wiki/Laboratorium" title="Laboratorium">laboratorium</a> sampai <a href="/wiki/Kematian" title="Kematian">kematiannya</a> dalam usia 86. </p><p>Pavlov merupakan seorang <a href="/wiki/Ilmuwan" title="Ilmuwan">ilmuan</a> yang membaktikan dirinya untuk penelitian. Pavlov memandang bahwa ilmu pengetahuan sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia karena dapat menjadi sarana belajar tentang berbagai masalah yang ada di dunia dan masalah manusia. Peranan dari ilmuan menurutnya adalah untuk mengungkap rahasia alam sehingga dapat memahami hukum-hukum yang ada pada alam. Ilmuan juga harus mencoba memahami bagaimana manusia itu belajar dan tidak bertanya bagaimana mestinya manusia <a href="/wiki/Belajar" title="Belajar">belajar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESujana199166_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESujana199166-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adapun teori yang telah dikemukakan oleh Ivan Pavlov berdasarkan eksperimen yang sering disebut sebagai Teori pembiasaan klasikal (classical conditioning). Pavlov merupakan seorang ilmuan besar <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> yang berhasil menggondol hadiah <a href="/wiki/Nobel" class="mw-disambig" title="Nobel">Nobel</a> pada tahun 1909. Pada dasarnya <i>classical conditioning</i> adalah sebuah prosedur penciptaan refleks baru dengan cara mendatangkan stimulus sebelum terjadinya refleks tersebut. Pembiasaan klasikal (classical conditioning) ini termasuk pada Teori Behaviorisme, Behaviorisme adalah pandangan yang menyatakan bahwa perilaku harus dijelaskan melalui pengalaman yang harus diamati, bukan dengan proses mental. Menurut kaum behavioris, perilaku adalah segala sesuatu yang kita lakukan dan dapat dilihat secara langsung.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantrock2008267_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantrock2008267-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kata <i>classical</i> yang mengawali nama <a href="/wiki/Teori" title="Teori">teori</a> dari Pavlov ini digunakan untuk menghargai karya Pavlov yang dianggap paling dahulu pada bidang <i>conditioning</i> (upaya pembiasaan) dan untuk membedakannya dari teori <i>conditioning</i> lainnya. Selanjutnya, mungkin karena fungsinya, teori Pavlov ini juga dapat disebut <i>respondent conditioning</i> (pembiasaan yang dituntut).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyah200795_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESyah200795-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pavlov sering kali membuat <a href="/wiki/Stimulus" class="mw-disambig" title="Stimulus">stimulus</a> netral bersamaan dengan stimulus bersyarat atau berbeda dengan selisih waktu pemberiannya sangat sedikit dan segera menghentikan secara setempat. Prosedur tersebut biasanya disebut dengan pengkondisian secara serempak (<i>simultaneous conditioning</i>). Prosedur ini menghasilkan respons bersyarat lebih sederhana dan efektif dalam melatih manusia atau <a href="/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan">hewan</a>. Kadang peneliti juga menggunakan prosedur yang berbeda, yakni dengan menghentikan stimulus netral terlebih dahulu sebelum stimulus tak bersyarat, walaupun prosedur ini jarang digunakan dalam pengkondisian. Memasangkan stimulus netral dengan stimulus tak bersyarat selama latihan untuk memperoleh sesuatu akan berfungsi sebagai <a href="/wiki/Penguat" title="Penguat">penguat</a> atau reinforcement bagi respons bersyarat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaharuddin_dan_Wahyuni200960_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaharuddin_dan_Wahyuni200960-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daftar_Pustaka">Daftar Pustaka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Pavlov&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar Pustaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Pavlov&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar Pustaka"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><cite id="CITEREFSujana1991" class="citation book">Sujana, Nana (1991). <i>Teori-Teori Untuk Pengajaran</i>. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Fakultas</cite></li></ol> <p>Ekonomi.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teori-Teori+Untuk+Pengajaran&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Lembaga+Penerbit+Fakultas+Ekonomi&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Sujana&rft.aufirst=Nana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIvan+Pavlov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); </span><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">line feed character di <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|publisher=</code> pada posisi 26 (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#invisible_char" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span> </p> <ol><li><cite id="CITEREFSantrock2008" class="citation book">Santrock, John W. (2008). <i>Psikologi Pendidikan</i>. Jakarta: Kencana.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psikologi+Pendidikan&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Kencana&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Santrock&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIvan+Pavlov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSyah2007" class="citation book">Syah, Muhbbin (2007). <i>Psikologi Belajar</i>. Jakarta: PT. Grafindo Persada.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psikologi+Belajar&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=PT.+Grafindo+Persada&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Syah&rft.aufirst=Muhbbin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIvan+Pavlov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBaharuddin_dan_Wahyuni2009" class="citation book">Wahyuni E. N. &, Baharuddin (2009). <i>Teori Belajar dan Pembelajaran</i>. Jogjakarta: Ar-Rzz Media.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teori+Belajar+dan+Pembelajaran&rft.place=Jogjakarta&rft.pub=Ar-Rzz+Media&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Wahyuni+E.+N.+%26&rft.aufirst=Baharuddin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIvan+Pavlov" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style></div></li></ol> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikiquote" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a> memiliki koleksi kutipan yang berkaitan dengan:<div style="margin-left: 10px;"> <i><b><a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/en:Ivan_Petrovich_Pavlov" class="extiw" title="q:en:Ivan Petrovich Pavlov">Ivan Petrovich Pavlov</a></b></i> </div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ivan_Pavlov" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ivan Pavlov"><span style="">Ivan Pavlov</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bhpavl.html">A 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Penghargaan_Nobel_Fisiologi_atau_Kedokteran" title="Templat:Penghargaan Nobel Fisiologi atau Kedokteran"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Penghargaan_Nobel_Fisiologi_atau_Kedokteran" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Penghargaan Nobel Fisiologi atau Kedokteran"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Penghargaan_Nobel_Fisiologi_atau_Kedokteran&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Penerima_Penghargaan_Nobel_Fisiologi_atau_Kedokteran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_penerima_Nobel_Fisiologi_atau_Kedokteran" title="Daftar penerima Nobel Fisiologi atau Kedokteran">Penerima</a> <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fisiologi_atau_Kedokteran" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Fisiologi atau Kedokteran">Penghargaan Nobel Fisiologi atau Kedokteran</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Emil_von_Behring" class="mw-redirect" title="Emil von Behring">Emil Behring</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ronald Ross</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Niels Finsen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ivan Pavlov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Robert Koch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Santiago Ramón y Cajal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Louis_Alphonse_Laveran" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran">Alphonse Laveran</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Metchnikoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Élie Metchnikoff">Élie Metchnikoff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Paul Ehrlich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" class="mw-redirect" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Emil Kocher</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" class="mw-redirect" title="Albrecht Kossel">Albrecht Kossel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Allvar Gullstrand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Alexis Carrel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Richet" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Richet">Charles Richet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3bert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Róbert Bárány">Róbert Bárány</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgrey">1915</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgrey">1917</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgrey">1918</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jules Bordet">Jules Bordet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" class="mw-redirect" title="August Krogh">August Krogh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgrey">1921</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hill" title="Archibald Hill">Archibald Hill</a> / <a href="/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto Fritz Meyerhof">Otto Meyerhof</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Banting">Frederick Banting</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_James_Rickard_Macleod" title="John James Rickard Macleod">John Macleod</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1924: <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Willem Einthoven</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgrey">1925</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fibiger" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Fibiger">Johannes Fibiger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Julius Wagner-Jauregg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Charles Nicolle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Christiaan Eijkman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Frederick Gowland Hopkins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Karl Landsteiner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Otto Warburg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Charles Scott Sherrington</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Adrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar Adrian">Edgar Adrian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Morgan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">George Whipple</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Minot" title="George Minot">George Minot</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_P._Murphy" class="mw-redirect" title="William P. Murphy">William Murphy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Hans Spemann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Henry Dale</a> / <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Otto Loewi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Albert Szent-Györgyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Corneille_Heymans" title="Corneille Heymans">Corneille Heymans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Gerhard Domagk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Henrik Dam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Edward Doisy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Joseph Erlanger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Herbert Gasser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Chain" title="Ernst Chain">Ernst Chain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Florey">Howard Florey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Hermann Muller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">Carl Cori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernardo Houssay">Bernardo Houssay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Paul Müller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Walter Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">António Egas Moniz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Edward Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Reichstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadeusz Reichstein">Tadeusz Reichstein</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Philip Hench</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Max Theiler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Selman_Waksman" class="mw-redirect" title="Selman Waksman">Selman Waksman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Hans Krebs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Fritz Lipmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Enders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Thomas Weller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Frederick Robbins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Hugo Theorell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" class="mw-redirect" title="André Frédéric Cournand">André Cournand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Werner Forssmann">Werner Forssmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" class="mw-redirect" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Dickinson W. Richards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Daniel Bovet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/George_Beadle" title="George Beadle">George Beadle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Tatum" title="Edward Tatum">Edward Tatum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Macfarlane_Burnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Macfarlane Burnet">Frank Burnet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Medawar">Peter Medawar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Georg von Békésy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" class="mw-redirect" title="James Watson">James Watson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Maurice Wilkins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles">John Eccles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin">Alan Hodgkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Emil_Bloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Konrad Emil Bloch">Konrad Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Lynen" class="mw-redirect" title="Feodor Lynen">Feodor Lynen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">François Jacob</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michel_Lwoff" class="mw-redirect" title="André Michel Lwoff">André Lwoff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Monod">Jacques Monod</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Francis Rous</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brenton_Huggins" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Brenton Huggins">Charles B. Huggins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragnar Granit">Ragnar Granit</a> / <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Haldan Hartline</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">George Wald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert W. Holley">Robert W. Holley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Khorana</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall Nirenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Delbrück">Max Delbrück</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred Hershey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Bernard Katz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">Ulf von Euler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Julius Axelrod</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.">Earl Sutherland Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerald Edelman">Gerald Edelman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Rodney Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Karl von Frisch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Konrad Lorenz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Nikolaas Tinbergen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Albert Claude</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">Christian de Duve</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" class="mw-redirect" title="George Emil Palade">George Palade</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Renato Dulbecco</a> / <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Temin</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Baruch Blumberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Daniel Gajdusek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Roger Guillemin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Schally">Andrew Schally</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn Yalow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Werner Arber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_O._Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton O. Smith">Hamilton O. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Allan_M._Cormack" title="Allan M. Cormack">Allan Cormack</a> / <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Godfrey Hounsfield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Baruj Benacerraf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Dausset">Jean Dausset</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Davis_Snell" class="mw-redirect" title="George Davis Snell">George Snell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Roger Sperry</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_H._Hubel" class="mw-redirect" title="David H. Hubel">David H. Hubel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Torsten Wiesel">Torsten Wiesel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Sune Bergström</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bengt_I._Samuelsson" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengt I. Samuelsson">Bengt I. Samuelsson</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Vane" class="mw-redirect" title="John Vane">John Vane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaj_Jerne" title="Niels Kaj Jerne">Niels Jerne</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georges_J._F._K%C3%B6hler" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges J. F. Köhler">Georges Köhler</a> / <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Michael Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Joseph L. Goldstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biokimiawan)" title="Stanley Cohen (biokimiawan)">Stanley Cohen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Susumu Tonegawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/James_Whyte_Black" title="James Whyte Black">James W. Black</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude B. Elion</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_H._Hitchings" class="mw-redirect" title="George H. Hitchings">George H. Hitchings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Michael Bishop">J. Michael Bishop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold E. Varmus">Harold E. Varmus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Murray">Joseph Murray</a> / <a href="/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas" class="mw-redirect" title="E. Donnall Thomas">E. Donnall Thomas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Erwin Neher</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Bert Sakmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Edmond Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Krebs" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin G. Krebs">Edwin G. Krebs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Roberts" title="Richard J. Roberts">Richard J. Roberts</a> / <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Phillip Sharp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_G._Gilman" title="Alfred G. Gilman">Alfred G. Gilman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Martin Rodbell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Eric F. Wieschaus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter C. Doherty">Peter C. Doherty</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel" title="Rolf M. Zinkernagel">Rolf M. Zinkernagel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Stanley B. Prusiner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Robert F. Furchgott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Ignarro">Louis Ignarro</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Ferid Murad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Günter Blobel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Arvid Carlsson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Paul Greengard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric Kandel</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–sekarang</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Leland H. Hartwell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tim Hunt">Tim Hunt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Nurse">Paul Nurse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a> / <a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Robert Horvitz">H. Robert Horvitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Sulston" class="mw-redirect" title="John Sulston">John E. Sulston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Lauterbur">Paul Lauterbur</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Peter Mansfield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Richard Axel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck">Linda B. Buck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry Marshall">Barry Marshall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" class="mw-redirect" title="Robin Warren">Robin Warren</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Fire">Andrew Fire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Craig_Mello" class="mw-redirect" title="Craig Mello">Craig Mello</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Mario Capecchi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Martin Evans</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Oliver Smithies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">Harald zur Hausen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Françoise Barré-Sinoussi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Elizabeth Blackburn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider">Carol W. Greider</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak">Jack W. Szostak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards">Robert G. Edwards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Bruce Beutler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann">Jules A. Hoffmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ralph_M._Steinman" title="Ralph M. Steinman">Ralph M. Steinman</a> (<i>anumerta</i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">John Gurdon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Shinya Yamanaka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" class="mw-redirect" title="James Rothman">James Rothman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Randy Schekman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas C. Südhof">Thomas C. Südhof</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O'Keefe">John O'Keefe</a> / <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">May-Britt Moser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">Edvard Moser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell_(ilmuwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="William C. Campbell (ilmuwan)">William C. Campbell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Satoshi Ōmura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tu_Youyou" title="Tu Youyou">Tu Youyou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Ohsumi" title="Yoshinori Ohsumi">Yoshinori Ohsumi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Jeffrey C. Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Michael Rosbash</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Michael W. Young</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">James P. Allison</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Tasuku Honjo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Gregg L. Semenza</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Peter J. Ratcliffe</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_Jr." title="William Kaelin Jr.">William Kaelin Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Harvey J. Alter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Michael Houghton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Charles M. Rice</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">David Julius</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Ardem Patapoutian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Svante Pääbo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a> / <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Victor Ambros</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Gary Ruvkun</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42985#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42985#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42985#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118592297">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI (identifier)">ISNI</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000008115516X">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/36977716">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/36977716">WorldCat (via VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90160185">Norwegia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000078404">Chili</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX977138">Spanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12275842k">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12275842k">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="error">The ICCU id RAVV052452 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79091172">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000055605&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00452332">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk19990075732&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35413027">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record162409">Yunani</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nl.go.kr/authorities/resource/KAC201624271">Korea</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000311472&local_base=nsk10">Kroasia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p067794483">Belanda</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&NU=1&IM=4&WI=9810612207205606">Polandia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000001801&CON_LNG=ENG">Rusia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/174446">Swedia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/495_118227">Vatikan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basis data ilmiah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00834905?l=en">CiNii (Jepang)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/40894/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RERO_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (identifier)">RERO (Swiss)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A000128747">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6474d39">Social Networks and Archival Context</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (Prancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031568513">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trove_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trove (identifier)">Trove (Australia)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/943768">1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESujana199166-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESujana199166_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSujana1991">Sujana 1991</a>, hlm. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESantrock2008267-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantrock2008267_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSantrock2008">Santrock 2008</a>, hlm. 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESyah200795-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyah200795_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSyah2007">Syah 2007</a>, hlm. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaharuddin_dan_Wahyuni200960-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaharuddin_dan_Wahyuni200960_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaharuddin_dan_Wahyuni2009">Baharuddin dan Wahyuni 2009</a>, hlm. 60.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Pavlov&oldid=24710407">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Pavlov&oldid=24710407</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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