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href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cog (ship)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AC_(%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)" title="كوج (سفينة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوج (سفينة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Ког – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ког" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koga" title="Koga – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Koga" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca_(vaixell)" title="Coca (vaixell) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Coca (vaixell)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koga" title="Koga – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Koga" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogge" title="Kogge – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kogge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogge" title="Kogge – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kogge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koge" title="Koge – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Koge" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca_(n%C3%A1utica)" title="Coca (náutica) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Coca (náutica)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogo" title="Kogo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kogo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koka_(itsasontzia)" title="Koka (itsasontzia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Koka (itsasontzia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogue" title="Cogue – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cogue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogge" title="Kogge – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kogge" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coga" title="Coga – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Coga" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EA%B2%8C" title="코게 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코게" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koga_(kapal)" title="Koga (kapal) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Koga (kapal)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuggur" title="Kuggur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kuggur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocca" title="Cocca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cocca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%92" title="קוג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koge" title="Koge – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Koge" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogge" title="Kogge – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kogge" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogge" title="Kogge – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kogge" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogge" title="Kogge – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kogge" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B0%E8%88%B9" title="コグ船 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コグ船" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogge" title="Kogge – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kogge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogge" title="Kogge – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kogge" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogg" title="Kogg – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kogg" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogge" title="Kogge – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kogge" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koga" title="Koga – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Koga" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca_(n%C3%A1utica)" title="Coca (náutica) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coca (náutica)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B3" title="Когг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Когг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koga_(plachetnica)" title="Koga (plachetnica) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Koga (plachetnica)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Кога – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кога" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koga" title="Koga – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Koga" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koggi" title="Koggi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Koggi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogg" title="Kogg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kogg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Ког – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ког" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%88%B9" title="寇格船 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="寇格船" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q164057#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of cargo ship of the 12th–14th centuries</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ubena_von_Bremen_Kiel2007_1_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ubena_von_Bremen_Kiel2007_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Ubena_von_Bremen_Kiel2007_1_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ubena_von_Bremen_Kiel2007_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Ubena_von_Bremen_Kiel2007_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Ubena_von_Bremen_Kiel2007_1_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Ubena_von_Bremen_Kiel2007_1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="995" /></a><figcaption>A replica of the <a href="/wiki/Bremen_cog" title="Bremen cog">Bremen cog</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>cog</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">ship</a> that was used during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, mostly for trade and transport but also in war. It first appeared in the 10th century, and was widely used from around the 12th century onward. Cogs were <a href="/wiki/Clinker_(boat_building)" title="Clinker (boat building)">clinker-built</a>, generally of <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>. Cogs were fitted with a single <a href="/wiki/Mast_(sailing)" title="Mast (sailing)">mast</a> and a single <a href="/wiki/Square_rig" title="Square rig">square sail</a>. They were used primarily for trade in north-west medieval Europe, especially by the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a>. Typical seagoing cogs were from 15 to 25 meters (49 to 82 ft) long, 5 to 8 meters (16 to 26 ft) wide, and were of 30–200 <a href="/wiki/Builder%27s_Old_Measurement" title="Builder's Old Measurement">tons burthen</a>. Cogs were rarely as large as 300 tons although a few were considerably larger, over 1,000 tons. </p><p>Although the name cog is recorded as early as the 9th century, the seagoing vessel of that name seems to have evolved on the <a href="/wiki/Frisia" title="Frisia">Frisian</a> coast during the 12th century. Cogs progressively replaced <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Viking</a>-type vessels such as <a href="/wiki/Knarr" title="Knarr">knarrs</a> in northern waters during the 13th century. Cogs could carry more cargo than knarrs of a similar size. Their flat bottoms allowed them to settle on a level in harbour, making them easier to load and unload. Their high sides made them more difficult to board in a sea fight, which made them safer from pirates. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description_and_construction">Description and construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cog_(ship)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description and construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clinker-carvel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Clinker-carvel.svg/300px-Clinker-carvel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Clinker-carvel.svg/450px-Clinker-carvel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Clinker-carvel.svg/600px-Clinker-carvel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption>A comparison of clinker and carvel construction. Carvel frames are much heavier than clinker ribs.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cogs were a type of round ship,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose200128_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERose200128-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> characterized by a flush-laid flat bottom at midships which gradually shifted to overlapped <a href="/wiki/Strake" title="Strake">strakes</a> near the posts. They were propelled by a single, large, rectangular sail. Typical seagoing cogs ranged from about 15 to 25 meters (49 to 82 ft) in length with a beam of 5 to 8 meters (16 to 26 ft) and were 40–200 <a href="/wiki/Builder%27s_Old_Measurement" title="Builder's Old Measurement">tons burthen</a>. Cogs were rarely as large as 300 tons, although a very small number were considerably larger, over 1,000 tons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger200462_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodger200462-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadden2014104_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadden2014104-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECushway201124_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECushway201124-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption1990178_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption1990178-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A rule of thumb for <a href="/wiki/Crew" title="Crew">crew</a> size was that one sailor, exclusive of any dedicated fighting men, was required for every 10 <a href="/wiki/Builder%27s_Old_Measurement" title="Builder's Old Measurement">tons burthen</a> of the cog, although this may generate a suggested crew size on the low side of <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Medieval</a> practice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption1990177_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption1990177-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crews of up to 45 for civilian cogs are recorded, and 60 for a 240 ton cog being used for military transportation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELambert2011199_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambert2011199-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pintle_and_gudgeon_rudder_system_scheme.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pintle_and_gudgeon_rudder_system_scheme.svg/180px-Pintle_and_gudgeon_rudder_system_scheme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pintle_and_gudgeon_rudder_system_scheme.svg/270px-Pintle_and_gudgeon_rudder_system_scheme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pintle_and_gudgeon_rudder_system_scheme.svg/360px-Pintle_and_gudgeon_rudder_system_scheme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>Stern-mounted <a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">rudder</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cogs were typically constructed largely of <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>, and had full <a href="/wiki/Clinker_(boat_building)" title="Clinker (boat building)">lapstrake, or clinker</a>, planking covering their sides, generally starting from the bilge <a href="/wiki/Strake" title="Strake">strakes</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Nail_(fastener)" title="Nail (fastener)">double-clenched</a> <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> nails for plank fastenings. At the <a href="/wiki/Stem_(ship)" title="Stem (ship)">stem</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chase" class="extiw" title="wikt:chase">chases</a> are formed; that is, in each case, the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/land" class="extiw" title="wikt:land">land</a> of the lower strake is tapered to a feather edge at the end of the strake where it meets the stem or <a href="/wiki/Sternpost" title="Sternpost">stern-post</a>. This allows the end of the strake to be fastened to the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apron" class="extiw" title="wikt:apron">apron</a> with the outside of the planking mutually flush at that point and flush with the stem. This means that the boat's passage through the water will not tend to lift the ends of the planking away from the stem. Before the next plank is fitted, the face of the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/land" class="extiw" title="wikt:land">land</a> on the lower strake is <a href="/wiki/Bevel" title="Bevel">bevelled</a> to suit the angle at which the next strake will lie in relation with it. This varies all along the land. The new strake is held in position on the preceding one before the fastening is done.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunyan200361_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunyan200361-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199418–19_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199418–19-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Keel" title="Keel">keel</a>, or keel-plank, was only slightly thicker than the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Strake#Special_strakes" title="Strake">garboards</a> and had no <a href="/wiki/Rabbet" title="Rabbet">rabbet</a>. Both stem and stern-posts were straight and rather long, and connected to the keel-plank through intermediate pieces called <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hook" class="extiw" title="wikt:hook">hooks</a>. The lower plank <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hood" class="extiw" title="wikt:hood">hoods</a> terminated in <a href="/wiki/Rabbet" title="Rabbet">rabbets</a> in the hooks and posts, but upper hoods were nailed to the exterior faces of the posts. <a href="/wiki/Caulking" class="mw-redirect" title="Caulking">Caulking</a> was generally <a href="/wiki/Tar" title="Tar">tarred</a> <a href="/wiki/Moss" title="Moss">moss</a> that was inserted into curved grooves, covered with wooden <a href="/wiki/Lath" title="Lath">laths</a>, and secured by metal <a href="/wiki/Staple_(fastener)" title="Staple (fastener)">staples</a> called <i>sintels</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunyan200361_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunyan200361-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cog-built structure would be completed with a <a href="/wiki/Stern" title="Stern">stern</a>-mounted, hanging, central <a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">rudder</a> on a heavy stern-post, which was a uniquely northern development.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrumlin-Pedersen2000_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrumlin-Pedersen2000-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The single, thick, <a href="/wiki/Mast_(sailing)" title="Mast (sailing)">mast</a> was set forward of amidships, stepped into the keel-plank and equipped with a single large, rectangular, <a href="/wiki/Square_rig" title="Square rig">square-rigged</a> <a href="/wiki/Sail" title="Sail">sail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunyan199447_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunyan199447-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199418–19_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199418–19-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The masts of larger vessels would be of composite construction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199456_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199456-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Complicated systems of <a href="/wiki/Rigging" title="Rigging">rigging</a> were developed to support the mast and to operate the sail.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199456–57_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199456–57-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Cordage</a> was usually <a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">hemp</a> or <a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">flax</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the sail hemp-based <a href="/wiki/Canvas" title="Canvas">canvas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199457_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199457-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the 13th century cogs would be decked and larger vessels would be fitted with a <a href="/wiki/Stern" title="Stern">stern</a> castle, to afford more cargo space by keeping the crew and tiller up, out of the way; and to give the <a href="/wiki/Helmsman" title="Helmsman">helmsman</a> a better view.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunyan199448_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunyan199448-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CMM_-_Przekr%C3%B3j_poprzeczny_kogi_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a scaled down wooden transverse cross-section of a cog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/CMM_-_Przekr%C3%B3j_poprzeczny_kogi_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-CMM_-_Przekr%C3%B3j_poprzeczny_kogi_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/CMM_-_Przekr%C3%B3j_poprzeczny_kogi_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-CMM_-_Przekr%C3%B3j_poprzeczny_kogi_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/CMM_-_Przekr%C3%B3j_poprzeczny_kogi_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-CMM_-_Przekr%C3%B3j_poprzeczny_kogi_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2516" data-file-height="1576" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Cross-section of hull; note the lower mast stepped and braced</div></figcaption></figure> <p>A cog, compared with the <a href="/wiki/Carvel_(boat_building)" title="Carvel (boat building)">carvel-built</a> vessels more traditional in the Mediterranean, was expensive and required specialist <a href="/wiki/Shipwright" class="mw-redirect" title="Shipwright">shipwrights</a>. However, their simpler sail setup meant that cogs only required half the crew of similar-sized vessels equipped with lateen sails, as were common in the Mediterranean.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunyan199449–50_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunyan199449–50-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A structural benefit of clinker construction is that it produces a vessel that can safely twist and flex around its long axis (running from bow to stern), which is an advantage in North Atlantic <a href="/wiki/Swell_(ocean)" title="Swell (ocean)">rollers</a>, provided the vessel has a small overall <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)" title="Displacement (ship)">displacement</a>. A limitation of cogs is that they lack points to mount additional masts: at least some fore-and-aft sails are desirable for maneuverability but clinker-built cogs were effectively limited to a single sail.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriel1994184_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriel1994184-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger200463_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodger200463-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This made them unhandy, limiting their ability to tack in the harbour and making them very reliant on wind direction at the start of voyages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriel1994184_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriel1994184-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger200464_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodger200464-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flat bottom permitted cogs to be readily beached and unloaded at low tide when <a href="/wiki/Quay" class="mw-redirect" title="Quay">quays</a> were not available; a useful trait when purpose-built <a href="/wiki/Jetty" title="Jetty">jetties</a> were not common.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunyan199447_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunyan199447-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cogs were expected to have a working life of approximately 40 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECushway201124_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECushway201124-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cog_(ship)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%C3%BCbeck_city_seal_1223.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/L%C3%BCbeck_city_seal_1223.png/220px-L%C3%BCbeck_city_seal_1223.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/L%C3%BCbeck_city_seal_1223.png/330px-L%C3%BCbeck_city_seal_1223.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/L%C3%BCbeck_city_seal_1223.png/440px-L%C3%BCbeck_city_seal_1223.png 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>The 1223 seal of <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a>, one of the leading cities of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a>. It depicts an earlier form of cog with side rudder and curved stem and stern posts.</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest origins of the cog are believed to be <a href="/wiki/Logboat" class="mw-redirect" title="Logboat">logboats</a> from around northern Germany. These developed into larger craft built in the same basic shape, but with planking instead of hollowed-out logs. Another development was into <i>Kahnen</i>, <a href="/wiki/Flat-bottomed_boat" title="Flat-bottomed boat">flat-bottomed boats</a>, with pointed ends for and aft that were constructed by splitting a hollowed-out log and widening the bottom with planks that were nailed to knee-shaped <a href="/wiki/Rib_(nautical)" title="Rib (nautical)">ribs</a> attached to the sides. The pointed ends (called <i>Block</i> locally) of the log would be cut off and attached separately to the widened hull which resulted in so-called <i>Blockkahnen</i>, variants of which are still in use. The earliest evidence of a cog-like craft is a clay model found in <a href="/wiki/Leese,_Germany" title="Leese, Germany">Leese</a> on the middle <a href="/wiki/Weser" title="Weser">Weser</a> from the grave of an adult male who died around 200 BC. Fragments of similar clay models have been found in nearby regions.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trade from <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> in Roman times was mostly carried on Mediterranean-style sailing vessels and controlled by Roman merchants. After Roman power collapsed in the middle of the first millennium AD, transports on the large river estuaries and the sheltered waters of the <a href="/wiki/Wadden_Sea" title="Wadden Sea">Wadden Sea</a> was taken over by <a href="/wiki/Frisians" title="Frisians">Frisians</a> who used vessels based on indigenous, flat-bottomed designs that were precursors of later medieval cogs. These had much lower sides than later cogs and would have been very similar to contemporary Scandinavian craft, such as <a href="/wiki/Knarr" title="Knarr">knarrs</a>. The oldest depiction of a vessel identified by contemporary sources as a cog is the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a> city seal from 1223. The early cogs were fitted with a side-mounted <a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">rudder</a> oar that also functioned as a <a href="/wiki/Leeboard" title="Leeboard">leeboard</a> and was rigged with a single broad square sail that functioned similar to a <a href="/wiki/Lug_sail" title="Lug sail">lug sail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 1200, the side rudder began to be replaced with a centerline rudder attached to a <a href="/wiki/Sternpost" title="Sternpost">sternpost</a> and developed in the typical medieval cog. Cogs could carry more cargo than knarrs; the rudder made steering easier than did the steering oar of the knarr, especially for larger vessels; and cogs were cheaper to build. The latter was due to the cog's use of <a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">sawn</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Wood_splitting" title="Wood splitting">split</a> planks which was less wasteful.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunyan199448_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunyan199448-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fore and stern castles would later be added for defense against <a href="/wiki/Pirate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate">pirates</a>, or to enable the use of these vessels as warships.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGrail198138_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGrail198138-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stern castle also afforded more cargo space below by keeping the crew and tiller up, out of the way. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bremen_Hansekogge_RolandvonBremen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bremen_Hansekogge_RolandvonBremen.JPG/220px-Bremen_Hansekogge_RolandvonBremen.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bremen_Hansekogge_RolandvonBremen.JPG/330px-Bremen_Hansekogge_RolandvonBremen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bremen_Hansekogge_RolandvonBremen.JPG/440px-Bremen_Hansekogge_RolandvonBremen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2073" data-file-height="1433" /></a><figcaption>The reconstructed <i>Roland von Bremen</i> based on the wreck of a cog from around 1380</figcaption></figure> <p>Current archaeological evidence points to the <a href="/wiki/Frisia" title="Frisia">Frisian</a> coast or Western <a href="/wiki/Jutland" title="Jutland">Jutland</a> as the possible birthplace of this type of vessel. The transformation of the cog into a true seagoing trader came not only during the time of the intense trade between West and East but also as a direct answer to the closure of the western entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Limfjord" title="Limfjord">Limfjord</a>. For centuries, the Limfjord in northern Jutland offered a fairly protected passage between the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> and the Baltic. Due to its unusual geographical conditions and strong currents, the passage was constantly filling with sand and was completely blocked by the early 12th century. This change produced new challenges. The larger ships, which could not be pulled across the sand bars, had to sail around the Jutland peninsula and circumnavigate the dangerous Cape <a href="/wiki/Skagen" title="Skagen">Skagen</a> to get to the Baltic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199472_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199472-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resulted in major modifications to old ship structures, which can be observed by analyzing the evolution of the earliest cog finds of Kollerup, Skagen, and Kolding. This caused a boom in the number of small cogs, and the need for spacious and seaworthy ships led to the development of the cog as the workhorse of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199472_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199472-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It soon became the main cargo carrier in Atlantic and Baltic waters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger200463_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodger200463-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017167_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017167-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eventually, around the 14th century, the cog reached its structural limits, and larger or more seaworthy vessels needed to be of a different type. This was the <a href="/wiki/Hulk_(medieval_ship_type)" title="Hulk (medieval ship type)">hulk</a>, which already existed but was much less common than the cog. There is no evidence that hulks descended from cogs, but it is clear that a lot of technological ideas were adapted between the two types.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrumlin-Pedersen2000_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrumlin-Pedersen2000-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The transition from cogs to hulks was not linear, according to some interpretations, both vessels coexisted for many centuries but followed diverse lines of evolution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardinerUnger1994_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardinerUnger1994-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cog_(ship)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hansekogge_Bremerhaven_uf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Hansekogge_Bremerhaven_uf.jpg/170px-Hansekogge_Bremerhaven_uf.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Hansekogge_Bremerhaven_uf.jpg/255px-Hansekogge_Bremerhaven_uf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Hansekogge_Bremerhaven_uf.jpg/340px-Hansekogge_Bremerhaven_uf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1469" data-file-height="984" /></a><figcaption>Reconstructed excavated cog from 1380 at <a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Schiffahrtsmuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum">Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The first archaeological find that was identified as a cog, was a ship wreck discovered in 1944 by P. J. R. Modderman in the <a href="/wiki/Noordoostpolder" title="Noordoostpolder">Noordoostpolder</a> near <a href="/wiki/Emmeloord" title="Emmeloord">Emmeloord</a> (plot NM 107). The wreck was reburied in situ and a 2008 re-excavation confirmed the interpretation as a cog. It was around 16 m long and its wood dated from 1339. The discovery by Modderman was however not well known in the literature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Holk2010125-127,_135_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Holk2010125-127,_135-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most famous cog in existence today is the <a href="/wiki/Bremen_cog" title="Bremen cog">Bremen cog</a>. The artifact originates from the 1380s and was discovered in 1962. Prior to this discovery, the existence of cogs was primarily documented in medieval texts and seals. In 1990 the well-preserved remains of a Hanseatic cog were discovered in the estuary sediment of the <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Pärnu River">Pärnu River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> which has been dated to 1300.<sup id="cite_ref-101_Eesti_laeva_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101_Eesti_laeva-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, a cog dating from the early 15th century was discovered preserved from the keel up to the decks in the silt of the River <a href="/wiki/IJssel" title="IJssel">IJssel</a> in the city of <a href="/wiki/Kampen,_Overijssel" title="Kampen, Overijssel">Kampen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During its excavation and recovery an intact brick dome oven and glazed tiles were found in the galley as well as a number of other artifacts.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2022, a 13th-century cog was found in Tallinn, Estonia during highway construction. It is believed to be better preserved than the Bremen cog and a <a href="/wiki/Dendrochronology" title="Dendrochronology">dendrochronology</a> test on the wood has dated the wreck to 1298. The ship is 24 meters long and nine meters wide. The boards are intact up to three meters from the bottom of the ship.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cog_(ship)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_ships" title="Medieval ships">Medieval ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_shipwreck" class="mw-redirect" title="Tallinn shipwreck">Tallinn shipwrecks</a>, a cog and a <a href="/wiki/Hulk_(medieval_ship_type)" title="Hulk (medieval ship type)">hulk</a> from the 14th century discovered in 2022.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cog_(ship)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Other materials were also used, for example <a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">walrus</a> hide or human hair.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199457_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199457-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In contrast, Mediterranean-type ships built contemporaneously in the French royal <a href="/wiki/Shipyard" title="Shipyard">shipyard</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> had an anticipated life of three years in north European waters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECushway201124_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECushway201124-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cog_(ship)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERose200128-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose200128_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRose2001">Rose 2001</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodger200462-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger200462_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRodger2004">Rodger 2004</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadden2014104-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadden2014104_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadden2014">Madden 2014</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECushway201124-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECushway201124_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECushway201124_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECushway201124_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCushway2011">Cushway 2011</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption1990178-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption1990178_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSumption1990">Sumption 1990</a>, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESumption1990177-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESumption1990177_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSumption1990">Sumption 1990</a>, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELambert2011199-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELambert2011199_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLambert2011">Lambert 2011</a>, p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERunyan200361-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunyan200361_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunyan200361_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRunyan2003">Runyan 2003</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199418–19-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199418–19_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199418–19_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHutchinson1994">Hutchinson 1994</a>, p. 18–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrumlin-Pedersen2000-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrumlin-Pedersen2000_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrumlin-Pedersen2000_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrumlin-Pedersen2000">Crumlin-Pedersen 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERunyan199447-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunyan199447_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunyan199447_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRunyan1994">Runyan 1994</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199456-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199456_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHutchinson1994">Hutchinson 1994</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199456–57-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199456–57_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHutchinson1994">Hutchinson 1994</a>, p. 56–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199457-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199457_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199457_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHutchinson1994">Hutchinson 1994</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERunyan199448-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunyan199448_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunyan199448_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRunyan1994">Runyan 1994</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERunyan199449–50-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunyan199449–50_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRunyan1994">Runyan 1994</a>, pp. 49–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriel1994184-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriel1994184_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriel1994184_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFriel1994">Friel 1994</a>, p. 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodger200463-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger200463_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger200463_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRodger2004">Rodger 2004</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodger200464-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodger200464_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRodger2004">Rodger 2004</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Detlev Ellmers, "The Cog as Cargo Carrier" page 30-34 in Gardiner & Unger (1994)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Detlev Ellmers, "The Cog as Cargo Carrier" page 34-36 in Gardiner & Unger (1994)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGrail198138-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGrail198138_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcGrail1981">McGrail 1981</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199472-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199472_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutchinson199472_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHutchinson1994">Hutchinson 1994</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017167-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017167_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBachrachBachrach2017">Bachrach & Bachrach 2017</a>, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardinerUnger1994-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardinerUnger1994_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGardinerUnger1994">Gardiner & Unger 1994</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Holk2010125-127,_135-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Holk2010125-127,_135_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Holk2010">van Holk 2010</a>, p. 125-127, 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101_Eesti_laeva-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101_Eesti_laeva_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Õun, Mati and Hanno Ojalo. 2015. <i>101 Eesti laeva</i>. Tallinn, Kirjastus Varrak, page 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706203328/http://www.ruimtevoorderivierijsseldelta.nl/nl/excavation-recovery-and-conservation-of-a-15th-century-cog-from-the-river-ijssel-near-kampen-in-the/">"Excavation, recovery and conservation of a 15th century Cog from the river IJssel near Kampen"</a>. <i>Ruimte voor de Rivier IJsseldelta</i>. <a href="/wiki/Rijkswaterstaat" title="Rijkswaterstaat">Rijkswaterstaat</a>. September 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruimtevoorderivierijsseldelta.nl/nl/excavation-recovery-and-conservation-of-a-15th-century-cog-from-the-river-ijssel-near-kampen-in-the/">the original</a> on 6 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ruimte+voor+de+Rivier+IJsseldelta&rft.atitle=Excavation%2C+recovery+and+conservation+of+a+15th+century+Cog+from+the+river+IJssel+near+Kampen&rft.date=2015-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruimtevoorderivierijsseldelta.nl%2Fnl%2Fexcavation-recovery-and-conservation-of-a-15th-century-cog-from-the-river-ijssel-near-kampen-in-the%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhose2016" class="citation web cs1">Ghose, Tia (17 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/53734-dutch-shipwreck-hauled-from-water.html">"Medieval Shipwreck Hauled from the Deep"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Live_Science" title="Live Science">Live Science</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170707232835/https://www.livescience.com/53734-dutch-shipwreck-hauled-from-water.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Live+Science&rft.atitle=Medieval+Shipwreck+Hauled+from+the+Deep&rft.date=2016-02-17&rft.aulast=Ghose&rft.aufirst=Tia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F53734-dutch-shipwreck-hauled-from-water.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medievalhistories.com/late-medieval-cog-from-kempen/">"Late Medieval Cog from Kampen"</a>. <i>Medieval Histories</i>. 21 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914172902/http://www.medievalhistories.com/late-medieval-cog-from-kempen/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medieval+Histories&rft.atitle=Late+Medieval+Cog+from+Kampen&rft.date=2016-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medievalhistories.com%2Flate-medieval-cog-from-kempen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metro.co.uk/2022/04/20/tallinn-700-year-old-ship-found-5ft-under-street-by-construction-workers-16498703/">"Lost 700-year-old ship found just five feet beneath street by construction workers"</a>. <i>metro.co.uk</i>. 20 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=metro.co.uk&rft.atitle=Lost+700-year-old+ship+found+just+five+feet+beneath+street+by+construction+workers&rft.date=2022-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmetro.co.uk%2F2022%2F04%2F20%2Ftallinn-700-year-old-ship-found-5ft-under-street-by-construction-workers-16498703%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cog_(ship)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBachrachBachrach2017" class="citation book cs1">Bachrach, Bernard S.; Bachrach, David S. (2017). <i>Warfare in Medieval Europe c.400 – c.1453</i>. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1138887664" title="Special:BookSources/978-1138887664"><bdi>978-1138887664</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+in+Medieval+Europe+c.400+%E2%80%93+c.1453&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxon&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1138887664&rft.aulast=Bachrach&rft.aufirst=Bernard+S.&rft.au=Bachrach%2C+David+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBass1972" class="citation book cs1">Bass, George F. (1972). <i>A History of Seafaring: Based on Underwater Archaeology</i>. Thames and Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-01077-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-01077-3"><bdi>0-500-01077-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Seafaring%3A+Based+on+Underwater+Archaeology&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-500-01077-3&rft.aulast=Bass&rft.aufirst=George+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrumlin-Pedersen2000" class="citation journal cs1">Crumlin-Pedersen, Ole (2000). "To be or not to be a Cog: the Bremen Cog in Perspective". <i><a href="/wiki/International_Journal_of_Nautical_Archaeology" class="mw-redirect" title="International Journal of Nautical Archaeology">International Journal of Nautical Archaeology</a></i>. <b>29</b> (2): 230–246. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000IJNAr..29..230C">2000IJNAr..29..230C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-9270.2000.tb01454.x">10.1111/j.1095-9270.2000.tb01454.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162832227">162832227</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Nautical+Archaeology&rft.atitle=To+be+or+not+to+be+a+Cog%3A+the+Bremen+Cog+in+Perspective&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=230-246&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162832227%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1095-9270.2000.tb01454.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000IJNAr..29..230C&rft.aulast=Crumlin-Pedersen&rft.aufirst=Ole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCushway2011" class="citation book cs1">Cushway, Graham (2011). <i>Edward III and the War at Sea: The English Navy, 1327-1377</i>. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1843836216" title="Special:BookSources/978-1843836216"><bdi>978-1843836216</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edward+III+and+the+War+at+Sea%3A+The+English+Navy%2C+1327-1377&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+Suffolk&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1843836216&rft.aulast=Cushway&rft.aufirst=Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriel1994" class="citation book cs1">Friel, Ian (1994). "Winds of Change? Ships and the Hundred Years War". In Curry, Anne (ed.). <i>Arms, Armies, and Fortifications in the Hundred Years War</i>. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. pp. 183–194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85115-365-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85115-365-8"><bdi>0-85115-365-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Winds+of+Change%3F+Ships+and+the+Hundred+Years+War&rft.btitle=Arms%2C+Armies%2C+and+Fortifications+in+the+Hundred+Years+War&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+Suffolk&rft.pages=183-194&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-85115-365-8&rft.aulast=Friel&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardinerUnger1994" class="citation book cs1">Gardiner, Robert; Unger, Richard W., eds. (1994). <i>Cogs, Caravels and Galleons: The Sailing Ship, 1000-1650</i>. Conway's History of the Ship. London: <a href="/wiki/Conway_Maritime_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Conway Maritime Press">Conway Maritime Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0851775609" title="Special:BookSources/978-0851775609"><bdi>978-0851775609</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cogs%2C+Caravels+and+Galleons%3A+The+Sailing+Ship%2C+1000-1650&rft.place=London&rft.series=Conway%27s+History+of+the+Ship&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0851775609&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchinson1994" class="citation book cs1">Hutchinson, Gillian (1994). <i>Medieval Ships and Shipping</i>. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780718501174" title="Special:BookSources/9780718501174"><bdi>9780718501174</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Ships+and+Shipping&rft.place=Cranbury%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Associated+University+Presses&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780718501174&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=Gillian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Holk2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">van Holk, Andre F. L. (2010). "Maritieme archeologie van de kogge" [Maritime archaeology of the cog]. In Brand, Hanno; Egge, Knol (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T5e68QReeykC&pg=PA125"><i>Koggen, kooplieden en kantoren: de Hanze, een praktisch netwerk</i></a> [<i>Cogs, merchants and offices: the Hanse, a practical network</i>] (hardcover) (in Dutch) (1st ed.). Hilversum & Groningen: Uitgeverij Verloren & Groninger Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-8704-165-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-8704-165-6"><bdi>978-90-8704-165-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maritieme+archeologie+van+de+kogge&rft.btitle=Koggen%2C+kooplieden+en+kantoren%3A+de+Hanze%2C+een+praktisch+netwerk&rft.place=Hilversum+%26+Groningen&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Uitgeverij+Verloren+%26+Groninger+Museum&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-8704-165-6&rft.aulast=van+Holk&rft.aufirst=Andre+F.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT5e68QReeykC%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambert2011" class="citation book cs1">Lambert, Craig (2011). <i>Shipping the Medieval Military: English Maritime Logistics in the Fourteenth Century</i>. Warfare in History. Vol. 34. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1843836544" title="Special:BookSources/978-1843836544"><bdi>978-1843836544</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shipping+the+Medieval+Military%3A+English+Maritime+Logistics+in+the+Fourteenth+Century&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+Suffolk&rft.series=Warfare+in+History&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1843836544&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGrail1981" class="citation book cs1">McGrail, Sean (1981). <i>Rafts, Boats and Ships</i>. London: National Maritime Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-11-290312-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-11-290312-6"><bdi>0-11-290312-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rafts%2C+Boats+and+Ships&rft.place=London&rft.pub=National+Maritime+Museum&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-11-290312-6&rft.aulast=McGrail&rft.aufirst=Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadden2014" class="citation thesis cs1">Madden, Mollie Marie (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/171443/Madden_umn_0130E_15639.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y"><i>The Black Prince at War: The Anatomy of a </i>Chevauchée<i><span></span></i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD thesis). Minnesota: University of Minnesota.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Black+Prince+at+War%3A+The+Anatomy+of+a+Chevauch%C3%A9e&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+Minnesota&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Madden&rft.aufirst=Mollie+Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconservancy.umn.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F11299%2F171443%2FMadden_umn_0130E_15639.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrestwich2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Prestwich" title="Michael Prestwich">Prestwich, Michael</a> (2007) [2005]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=32JJ31F4QOUC"><i>Plantagenet England 1225–1360</i></a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199226870" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199226870"><bdi>978-0199226870</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plantagenet+England+1225%E2%80%931360&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0199226870&rft.aulast=Prestwich&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D32JJ31F4QOUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodger2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_A._M._Rodger" title="Nicholas A. M. Rodger">Rodger, Nicholas A. M.</a> (2004). <i>The Safeguard of the Sea</i>. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0140297249" title="Special:BookSources/978-0140297249"><bdi>978-0140297249</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Safeguard+of+the+Sea&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0140297249&rft.aulast=Rodger&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+A.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose1997" class="citation book cs1">Rose, Susan (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t3XqHAAACAAJ">"Battle of Sluys"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Eric_Grove" title="Eric Grove">Grove, E.</a> (ed.). <i>Great Battles of the Royal Navy: As Commemorated in the Gunroom, Britannia Royal Naval College, Dartmouth</i> (illustrated [some in colour] ed.). London: Arms and Armour Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1854094179" title="Special:BookSources/978-1854094179"><bdi>978-1854094179</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Battle+of+Sluys&rft.btitle=Great+Battles+of+the+Royal+Navy%3A+As+Commemorated+in+the+Gunroom%2C+Britannia+Royal+Naval+College%2C+Dartmouth&rft.place=London&rft.edition=illustrated+%5Bsome+in+colour%5D&rft.pub=Arms+and+Armour+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1854094179&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt3XqHAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose2001" class="citation book cs1">Rose, Susan (2001). <i>Medieval Naval Warfare 1000-1500</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1134553105" title="Special:BookSources/978-1134553105"><bdi>978-1134553105</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Naval+Warfare+1000-1500&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1134553105&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRunyan1994" class="citation book cs1">Runyan, Timothy (1994). "Cog as Warship". In Gardiner, Robert; Unger, Richard W (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/cogs-caravels-and-galleons-the-sailing-ship-1000-1650/oclc/46877229/editions?sd=desc&referer=br&se=yr&qt=facet_yr%3A&editionsView=true&fq=yr%3A1994"><i>Cogs, Caravels and Galleons: the Sailing Ship from 1000–1650</i></a>. Conway's History of the Ship. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 47–58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0851775609" title="Special:BookSources/978-0851775609"><bdi>978-0851775609</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/932458210">932458210</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cog+as+Warship&rft.btitle=Cogs%2C+Caravels+and+Galleons%3A+the+Sailing+Ship+from+1000%E2%80%931650&rft.place=London&rft.series=Conway%27s+History+of+the+Ship&rft.pages=47-58&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F932458210&rft.isbn=978-0851775609&rft.aulast=Runyan&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2Fcogs-caravels-and-galleons-the-sailing-ship-1000-1650%2Foclc%2F46877229%2Feditions%3Fsd%3Ddesc%26referer%3Dbr%26se%3Dyr%26qt%3Dfacet_yr%253A%26editionsView%3Dtrue%26fq%3Dyr%253A1994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRunyan2003" class="citation book cs1">Runyan, Timothy (2003). Hattendorf, John B.; Unger, Richard W. (eds.). <i>War at Sea in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance</i>. Warfare in History. Vol. 14. Woodbridge, Suffolk; Rochester, New York: Boydell Press. pp. 53–68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0851159034" title="Special:BookSources/978-0851159034"><bdi>978-0851159034</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+at+Sea+in+the+Middle+Ages+and+the+Renaissance&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+Suffolk%3B+Rochester%2C+New+York&rft.series=Warfare+in+History&rft.pages=53-68&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0851159034&rft.aulast=Runyan&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSumption1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Sumption,_Lord_Sumption" title="Jonathan Sumption, Lord Sumption">Sumption, Jonathan</a> (1990). <i>Trial by Battle</i>. The Hundred Years' War. Vol. I. London: Faber and Faber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0571200955" title="Special:BookSources/978-0571200955"><bdi>978-0571200955</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trial+by+Battle&rft.place=London&rft.series=The+Hundred+Years%27+War&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0571200955&rft.aulast=Sumption&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACog+%28ship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cog_(ship)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cogs_(ships)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cogs (ships)">Cogs (ships)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101212230643/http://abc.se/~m10354/mar/cog.htm">Description and pictures of cogs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091101181138/http://www.fsopt.com/Kogge/kogge.shtml">The sailing properties of the Hanse cog in comparison with other cargo sailships</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modelships.de/Museums_and_replicas/Cog_ship_Kampen/Cog_ship_replica_Kampen.htm">Pictures of the Kampen cog replica</a> High resolution photos</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sailing_vessels_and_rigs" title="Template:Sailing vessels and rigs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sailing_vessels_and_rigs" title="Template talk:Sailing vessels and rigs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sailing_vessels_and_rigs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sailing vessels and rigs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_sailing_vessels_and_rigs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">sailing</a> vessels and <a href="/wiki/Rigging" title="Rigging">rigs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Sail" title="Age of Sail">Age of Sail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history" title="Maritime history">Maritime history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navigation" title="Navigation">Navigation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sailing rigs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_rig" title="Bermuda rig">Bermuda rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_claw_sail" title="Crab claw sail">Crab claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fore-and-aft_rig" title="Fore-and-aft rig">Fore-and-aft rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaff_rig" title="Gaff rig">Gaff rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunter_rig" title="Gunter rig">Gunter rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_rig" title="Junk rig">Junk rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateen" title="Lateen">Lateen rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljungstr%C3%B6m_rig" title="Ljungström rig">Ljungström rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lug_sail" title="Lug sail">Lug rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast_aft_rig" class="mw-redirect" title="Mast aft rig">Mast aft rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinisi" title="Pinisi">Pinisi rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_rig" title="Square rig">Square rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanja_sail" title="Tanja sail">Tanja rig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Sailing_rigs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailing rigs">sailing rigs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barque" title="Barque">Barque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barquentine" title="Barquentine">Barquentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brig" title="Brig">Brig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigantine" title="Brigantine">Brigantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catboat" title="Catboat">Catboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutter_(boat)" title="Cutter (boat)">Cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-rigged_ship" title="Full-rigged ship">Full-rigged ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackass-barque" title="Jackass-barque">Jackass-barque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketch" title="Ketch">Ketch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistico_(boat)" title="Mistico (boat)">Mistico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schooner" title="Schooner">Schooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloop" title="Sloop">Sloop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_(ship)" title="Snow (ship)">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawl" title="Yawl">Yawl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multihull" title="Multihull">Multihull</a> vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBalia" class="mw-redirect" title="ʻalia">ʻalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatasi" title="Amatasi">Amatasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baurua" title="Baurua">Baurua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigiw" title="Bigiw">Bigiw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camakau" title="Camakau">Camakau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">Catamaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drua" title="Drua">Drua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilalo" title="Guilalo">Guilalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukung" title="Jukung">Jukung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaep" title="Kaep">Kaep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalia_(watercraft)" title="Kalia (watercraft)">Kalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoa" title="Karakoa">Karakoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kora_kora" title="Kora kora">Kora kora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakatoi" title="Lakatoi">Lakatoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanong" title="Lanong">Lanong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_canoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrigger canoe">Outrigger canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahi_(ship)" title="Pahi (ship)">Pahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraw" title="Paraw">Paraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentamaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentamaran">Pentamaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proa" title="Proa">Proa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrimaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrimaran">Quadrimaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takia_(watercraft)" title="Takia (watercraft)">Takia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepukei" title="Tepukei">Tepukei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipairua" title="Tipairua">Tipairua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongiaki" title="Tongiaki">Tongiaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimaran" title="Trimaran">Trimaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungalawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ungalawa">Ungalawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Va%27a-tele" title="Va'a-tele">Va'a-tele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaka_katea" title="Vaka katea">Vaka katea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinta" title="Vinta">Vinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_(watercraft)" title="Wa (watercraft)">Wa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Naval and merchant<br /><a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">sailing ships</a><br />and other vessels <br />(by origin date)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Balangay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boita" title="Boita">Boita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borobudur_ship" title="Borobudur ship">Borobudur ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhow" title="Dhow">Dhow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_ship" title="Fire ship">Fire ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">Galley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penteconter" title="Penteconter">Penteconter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bireme" title="Bireme">Bireme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trireme" title="Trireme">Trireme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadriremes" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadriremes">Quadriremes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessarakonteres" title="Tessarakonteres">Tessarakonteres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromon" title="Dromon">Dromon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_(ship)" title="Junk (ship)">Junk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%27un-lun_po" title="K'un-lun po">K'un-lun po</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepa_(ship)" title="Lepa (ship)">Lepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mtepe" title="Mtepe">Mtepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uru_(boat)" title="Uru (boat)">Uru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinger" title="Balinger">Balinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benawa" title="Benawa">Benawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birlinn" title="Birlinn">Birlinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomb_vessel" title="Bomb vessel">Bomb vessel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulk_(medieval_ship_type)" title="Hulk (medieval ship type)">Hulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jong_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jong (ship)">Jong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knarr" title="Knarr">Knarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_(boat)" title="Koch (boat)">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondura_(ship)" title="Kondura (ship)">Kondura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longship" title="Longship">Longship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malangbang" title="Malangbang">Malangbang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shitik" title="Shitik">Shitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongkang" title="Tongkang">Tongkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabra" title="Zabra">Zabra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrack" title="Carrack">Carrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_treasure_ship" title="Chinese treasure ship">Chinese treasure ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravel" title="Caravel">Caravel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghurab" title="Ghurab">Ghurab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaran_(ship)" title="Lancaran (ship)">Lancaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoy_(boat)" title="Hoy (boat)">Hoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabaccolo" title="Trabaccolo">Trabaccolo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crommesteven" title="Crommesteven">Crommesteven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galiot" title="Galiot">Galiot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleon" title="Galleon">Galleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleass" title="Galleass">Galleass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghali_(ship)" title="Ghali (ship)">Ghali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flyboat" title="Flyboat">Flyboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluyt" title="Fluyt">Fluyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-rigged_pinnace" title="Full-rigged pinnace">Full-rigged pinnace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorcha_(boat)" title="Lorcha (boat)">Lorcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-of-war" title="Man-of-war">Man-of-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchua" title="Manchua">Manchua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patache" title="Patache">Patache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speronara" title="Speronara">Speronara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square-rigged_caravel" title="Square-rigged caravel">Square-rigged caravel (<i>round</i> or <i>de armada</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xebec" title="Xebec">Xebec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_sloop" title="Bermuda sloop">Bermuda sloop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">Corvette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Indiaman" title="East Indiaman">East Indiaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">Frigate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeas" title="Galeas">Galeas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koff_(ship_type)" title="Koff (ship type)">Koff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_(ship)" title="Pink (ship)">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polacca" title="Polacca">Polacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_of_the_line" title="Ship of the line">Ship of the line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilander" title="Bilander">Bilander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chialoup" title="Chialoup">Chialoup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipper" title="Clipper">Clipper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Clipper" title="Baltimore Clipper">Baltimore Clipper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallivat" title="Gallivat">Gallivat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_(ship)" title="Garay (ship)">Garay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grab_(ship)" title="Grab (ship)">Grab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundalow" title="Gundalow">Gundalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanong" title="Lanong">Lanong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padewakang" title="Padewakang">Padewakang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_ship" title="Post ship">Post ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy-four_(ship)" title="Seventy-four (ship)">74-gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_of_the_line" title="Ship of the line">Ship of the line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloop-of-war" title="Sloop-of-war">Sloop-of-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toop_(boat)" title="Toop (boat)">Toop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trincadour" title="Trincadour">Trincadour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackwall_frigate" title="Blackwall frigate">Blackwall frigate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_Easter_(ship)" title="Down Easter (ship)">Down Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golekan" title="Golekan">Golekan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron-hulled_sailing_ship" title="Iron-hulled sailing ship">Iron-hulled sailing ship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ironclad_warship" title="Ironclad warship">Warship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janggolan" title="Janggolan">Janggolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambo_(boat)" title="Lambo (boat)">Lambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leti_leti" title="Leti leti">Leti leti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palari_(boat)" title="Palari (boat)">Palari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamar_barge" title="Tamar barge">Tamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Country_Ketch" class="mw-redirect" title="West Country Ketch">West Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windjammer" title="Windjammer">Windjammer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montagu_whaler" title="Montagu whaler">Montagu whaler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fishing vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagan_(fishing)" title="Bagan (fishing)">Bagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bago_(boat)" title="Bago (boat)">Bago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barca-longa" title="Barca-longa">Barca-longa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falku%C5%A1a" title="Falkuša">Falkuša</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felucca" title="Felucca">Felucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifie" title="Fifie">Fifie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gableboat" title="Gableboat">Gableboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_buss" title="Herring buss">Herring buss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangada" title="Jangada">Jangada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukung" title="Jukung">Jukung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugger" title="Lugger">Lugger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masula_boat" title="Masula boat">Masula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayang_(boat)" title="Mayang (boat)">Mayang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patorani" title="Patorani">Patorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordland_(boat)" title="Nordland (boat)">Nordland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixareen" title="Sixareen">Sixareen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sgoth_Niseach" class="mw-redirect" title="Sgoth Niseach">Sgoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smack_(ship)" title="Smack (ship)">Smack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartane" title="Tartane">Tartane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_smack" title="Well smack">Well smack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoal" title="Yoal">Yoal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recreational vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dinghy" title="Dinghy">Dinghy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljungstr%C3%B6m_sailboat" title="Ljungström sailboat">Ljungström sailboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast_aft_rig" class="mw-redirect" title="Mast aft rig">Mast aft rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_cruiser" title="Pocket cruiser">Pocket cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_hydrofoil" title="Sailing hydrofoil">Sailing hydrofoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_yacht" title="Sailing yacht">Sailing yacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportsboat" title="Sportsboat">Sportsboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailer_sailer" title="Trailer sailer">Trailer sailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wharram" title="James Wharram">Wharrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">Windsurfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht" title="Yacht">Yacht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inflatable_boat" title="Inflatable boat">Inflatable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashed-lug_boat" title="Lashed-lug boat">Lashed lug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razee" title="Razee">Razee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewn_boat" title="Sewn boat">Sewn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tall_ship" title="Tall ship">Tall ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treenailed_boat" title="Treenailed boat">Treenailed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_light_displacement_boat" title="Ultra light displacement boat">ULDB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Channel_pilot_cutter" title="Bristol Channel pilot cutter">Bristol Channel pilot cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating_restaurant" title="Floating restaurant">Floating restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta">Fusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersey_flat" title="Mersey flat">Mersey flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_punt" title="Norfolk punt">Norfolk punt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_wherry" title="Norfolk wherry">Norfolk wherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pausik" class="mw-redirect" title="Pausik">Pausik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinnace_(ship%27s_boat)" title="Pinnace (ship's boat)">Pinnace (ship's boat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pram_(ship)" title="Pram (ship)">Pram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scow" title="Scow">Scow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_sailing_barge" title="Thames sailing barge">Thames sailing barge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wherry" title="Wherry">Wherry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_operations" title="Nautical operations">Nautical operations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164057#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164057#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164057#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4031628-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cogs (Sailing ships)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85027757">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007283910805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/dbe12596-2714-4b4b-8604-1ec92851eba4">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cog_(ship)&oldid=1254739586">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cog_(ship)&oldid=1254739586</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Merchant_sailing_ship_types" title="Category:Merchant sailing ship types">Merchant sailing ship types</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sailing_rigs_and_rigging" title="Category:Sailing rigs and rigging">Sailing rigs and rigging</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hanseatic_League" title="Category:Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_ships" title="Category:Medieval ships">Medieval ships</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tall_ships" title="Category:Tall ships">Tall ships</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks 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