CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fr" class="article-layout standard"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://use.typekit.net/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://p.typekit.net"> <link rel="preload" href="https://use.typekit.net/tsq1pnc.css" as="style"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/tsq1pnc.css"/> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg" as="image"/> <title>1864. Karl Marx, l’inconnu de l’Internationale</title> <meta name="description" content="Au premier congrès de l’Association internationale des Travailleurs, à Londres, le futur auteur du « Capital » est un participant parmi d’autres. Mais il en deviendra rapidement la principale figure." /> <link rel="manifest" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/manifest.json" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/icons/nouvelobs/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/icons/nouvelobs/favicon-16x16.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/icons/nouvelobs/favicon-32x32.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/icons/nouvelobs/apple-touch-icon.png" /> <meta name="application-name" content="Le Nouvel Obs : actus et infos" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/20241123.OBS96856/1864-karl-marx-l-inconnu-de-l-internationale.html" /> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, noarchive" /> <meta name="googlebot" content="max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1" /> <meta name="bingbot" content="max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#FFFFFF" /> <link rel="alternate" href="nobsfr://article/20241123.OBS96856?at_medium=deeplink_site_mobile&at_campaign=article&source=applink" /> <link rel="alternate" title="Politique" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/rss.xml" /> <link rel="alternate" title="Idées" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/idees/rss.xml" /> <link rel="alternate" title="Histoire" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/histoire/rss.xml" /> <meta property="al:android:app_name" content="Le Nouvel Obs : actus et infos" /> <meta property="al:android:package" content="com.nouvelobs.androidapp" /> <meta property="al:android:url" content="nobsfr://article/20241123.OBS96856?at_medium=deeplink_site_mobile&at_campaign=article&source=applink" /> <meta property="al:ios:app_name" content="Le Nouvel Obs infos & analyses" /> <meta property="al:ios:app_store_id" content="361705445" /> <meta property="al:ios:url" content="nobsfr://article/20241123.OBS96856?at_medium=deeplink_site_mobile&at_campaign=article&source=applink" /> <meta property="al:ipad:app_name" content="Le Nouvel Obs infos & analyses" /> <meta property="al:ipad:app_store_id" content="361705445" /> <meta property="al:ipad:url" content="nobsfr://article/20241123.OBS96856?at_medium=deeplink_site_mobile&at_campaign=article&source=applink" /> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=361705445" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default" /> <meta property="fb:admins" content="617448404" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="221722803985" /> <meta property="og:article:author" content="David Bornstein" /> <meta property="og:article:content_tier" content="locked" /> <meta property="og:article:modified_time" content="2024-11-23T18:30:07+01:00" /> <meta property="og:article:published_time" content="2024-11-23T18:30:07+01:00" /> <meta property="og:article:section" content="Politique" /> <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Politique" /> <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Idées" /> <meta property="og:article:tag" content="Histoire" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Au premier congrès de l’Association internationale des Travailleurs, à Londres, le futur auteur du « Capital » est un participant parmi d’autres. Mais il en deviendra rapidement la principale figure." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/04/0/0/2416/1611/1200/800/0/0/dc5c73d_1730719778316-web.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="fr_FR" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Le Nouvel Obs" /> <meta property="og:title" content="1864. Karl Marx, l’inconnu de l’Internationale" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/20241123.OBS96856/1864-karl-marx-l-inconnu-de-l-internationale.html" /> <meta name="twitter:app:country" content="FR" /> <meta name="twitter:app:id:googleplay" content="com.nouvelobs.androidapp" /> <meta name="twitter:app:id:ipad" content="361705445" /> <meta name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="361705445" /> <meta name="twitter:app:name:googleplay" content="Le Nouvel Obs : actus et infos" /> <meta name="twitter:app:name:ipad" content="Le Nouvel Obs infos & analyses" /> <meta name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="Le Nouvel Obs infos & analyses" /> <meta name="twitter:app:url:googleplay" content="nobsfr://article/20241123.OBS96856?at_medium=deeplink_site_mobile&at_campaign=article&source=applink" /> <meta name="twitter:app:url:ipad" content="nobsfr://article/20241123.OBS96856?at_medium=deeplink_site_mobile&at_campaign=article&source=applink" /> <meta name="twitter:app:url:iphone" content="nobsfr://article/20241123.OBS96856?at_medium=deeplink_site_mobile&at_campaign=article&source=applink" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@Le_NouvelObs" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Au premier congrès de l’Association internationale des Travailleurs, à Londres, le futur auteur du « Capital » est un participant parmi d’autres. Mais il en deviendra rapidement la principale figure." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/04/0/0/2416/1611/1200/800/0/0/dc5c73d_1730719778316-web.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@Le_NouvelObs" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="1864. Karl Marx, l’inconnu de l’Internationale" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/20241123.OBS96856/1864-karl-marx-l-inconnu-de-l-internationale.html" /> <meta name="twitter:widgets:csp" content="on" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/css/article.css" /> <style> :root{ --max-width-article-title: 69rem; } </style> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"A la une","item":"https:\/\/www.nouvelobs.com"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Politique","item":"https:\/\/www.nouvelobs.com\/politique\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Histoire","item":"https:\/\/www.nouvelobs.com\/histoire\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"1864. Karl Marx, l\u2019inconnu de l\u2019Internationale","item":"https:\/\/www.nouvelobs.com\/politique\/20241123.OBS96856\/1864-karl-marx-l-inconnu-de-l-internationale.html"}]}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"1864. Karl Marx, l\u2019inconnu de l\u2019Internationale","dateCreated":"2024-11-23T18:30:07+01:00","datePublished":"2024-11-23T18:30:07+01:00","isAccessibleForFree":"False","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.nouvelobs.com\/politique\/20241123.OBS96856\/1864-karl-marx-l-inconnu-de-l-internationale.html","name":"1864. Karl Marx, l\u2019inconnu de l\u2019Internationale"},"speakable":{"@type":"SpeakableSpecification","xPath":["\/html\/head\/title","\/html\/head\/meta[@name=\"description\"]\/@content"]},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Le Nouvel Obs","url":"https:\/\/www.nouvelobs.com","logo":"https:\/\/www.nouvelobs.com\/icons\/nouvelobs\/tile-wide.png","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/lenouvelobservateur\/","https:\/\/twitter.com\/Le_NouvelObs","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/nouvelobs\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC1ObaaFz4XHVPN2T5IFsU4w","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/nouvelobs\/","https:\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/nouvelobs","https:\/\/bsky.app\/profile\/nouvelobs.bsky.social","https:\/\/t.snapchat.com\/rwMJi93J","https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@nouvelobs"]},"alternativeHeadline":"Au premier congr\u00e8s de l\u2019Association internationale des Travailleurs, \u00e0 Londres, le futur auteur du \u00ab\u00a0Capital\u00a0\u00bb est un participant parmi d\u2019autres. Mais il en deviendra rapidement la principale figure.","description":"Au premier congr\u00e8s de l\u2019Association internationale des Travailleurs, \u00e0 Londres, le futur auteur du \u00ab\u00a0Capital\u00a0\u00bb est un participant parmi d\u2019autres. Mais il en deviendra rapidement la principale figure.","articleSection":["Politique","Id\u00e9es","Histoire"],"keywords":["2024","politique","histoire","1864","karl","marx","inconnu","internationale"],"author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"David Bornstein","url":"https:\/\/www.nouvelobs.com\/journalistes\/1809\/david-bornstein.html"}],"articleBody":"Le meeting fondateur de l\u2019Association internationale des Travailleurs (AIT) n\u2019eut \u2013 apparemment \u2013 rien de r\u00e9volutionnaire. A Londres, le 28\u00a0septembre 1864, c\u2019est dans une salle de concerts victorienne, le Saint Martin\u2019s Hall, que se r\u00e9unissent les 2\u2009000\u00a0repr\u00e9sentants du monde ouvrier europ\u00e9en. La plupart sont francs-ma\u00e7ons et, si tous s\u2019accordent sur une philosophie d\u2019union et d\u2019\u00e9mancipation du prol\u00e9tariat, leurs options politiques divergent largement. Ainsi, les trade unionists anglais, qui forment l\u2019essentiel de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e, se battent pour des augmentations de salaires. La seconde d\u00e9l\u00e9gation par le nombre (environ 200), celle des Fran\u00e7ais, est influenc\u00e9e par les id\u00e9es de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. Lui pr\u00f4ne la coop\u00e9ration ouvri\u00e8re par le biais des mutuelles mais ne critique pas l\u2019Etat imp\u00e9rial. Enfin, on rencontre des \u00e9migr\u00e9s de Pologne, d\u2019Italie, de Suisse ou d\u2019Allemagne, aux opinions les plu\u2026","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/focus.nouvelobs.com\/2024\/11\/04\/0\/0\/2416\/1611\/1200\/800\/0\/0\/dc5c73d_1730719778316-web.jpg","width":1200,"height":800},"hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":"False","cssSelector":".paywall"},"isPartOf":{"@type":["CreativeWork","Product"],"name":"Le Nouvel Obs: acc\u00e8s aux articles r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux abonn\u00e9s","productID":"nouvelobs.com:premium"}}</script> <script> window.lobs = {"env":"prod","user":false,"isAbo":false,"device":"desktop","isShowcaseRequest":false,"app":false,"urls":{"connection":"https:\/\/sec.nouvelobs.com\/sfuser\/connexion?redirectionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nouvelobs.com%2Fpolitique%2F20241123.OBS96856%2F1864-karl-marx-l-inconnu-de-l-internationale.html","swgSubscription":"https:\/\/www.nouvelobs.com\/bucket\/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c\/js\/swg_subscription.bundle.js"},"context":{"analytics":{"forecast":{"pageType":"article","domain":"https:\/\/forecast.nouvelobs.com","brand":"lobs","campaigns":true,"article":{"canonicalUrl":"https:\/\/www.nouvelobs.com\/politique\/20241123.OBS96856\/1864-karl-marx-l-inconnu-de-l-internationale.html","section":"Politique","subSection":"Histoire"}}},"title":"1864_Karl_Marx_L_Inconnu_De_L_Internationale","premium":true,"main_tag":"Politique","narrow_tag":"Histoire","page_type":"Contenu","page_subtype":"Articles","reading_time":5}}; </script> <script> if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) { var path = "/service-worker.js?personalization=" + encodeURIComponent(false ? 1 : 0) + '&bucket=' + encodeURIComponent("\/bucket\/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c\/"); navigator.serviceWorker.register(path, {scope: '/'}) .then(function(registration) {}, function(err) {}); } </script> <meta name="pbstck_context:environment" content="prod"/> <meta name="pbstck_context:device" content="desktop"/> <meta name="pbstck_context:user_status" content="default"/> <meta name="pbstck_context:inventory_type" content="web"/> <meta name="pbstck_context:site_name" content="obs_obs"/> <meta name="pbstck_context:section" content="politique"/> <meta name="pbstck_context:subsection" content="politique"/> <meta name="pbstck_context:page_type" content="article"/> <meta name="ad:app_obs" content="false"/> <meta name="ad:refonte_obs" content="true"/> <meta name="ad:keywords" content="politique"/> <meta name="ad:rubriques" content="politique"/> <meta name="ad:rub" content="politique"/> <meta name="ad:rubrique_id" content="53"/> <meta name="ad:article_id" content="96856"/> <meta name="ad:teaser" content="true"/> <script> var googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function (e) { if (e.isEmpty) return; var slotname = e.slot.getSlotElementId(), slotHtmlElement = document.getElementById(slotname); if (slotHtmlElement) { if (slotname.indexOf('cover') > -1) { setTimeout(function () { var sublime = document.querySelector('#sublime-container #sublime-content, #sublime-mobile-top-container'); var style = document.querySelector('style#sublime-menu-height'); if (!style) { style = document.createElement('style'); style.id = 'sublime-menu-height'; document.body.insertAdjacentElement('afterbegin', style); } style.innerHTML = ''; if (sublime) { style.innerHTML = '.obs_menu.obs_menu--open {top:'+sublime.getBoundingClientRect().height+'px !important;}'; } }, 1000) } if (typeof performance !== 'undefined') { performance.mark('render ad', {detail: e.slot.getAdUnitPath()}) } } }) }); </script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="ads" data-gdpr-src="https://boot.pbstck.com/v1/adm/2bf7e952-475b-490b-8136-c7be8fa3d218" data-gdpr-no-consent-src="https://boot.pbstck.com/v1/adm/2bf7e952-475b-490b-8136-c7be8fa3d218" async></script> <script> window.lobs_piano = {"collectPath":"5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c","site":561552,"properties":{"site_level2":"NOTR - Web","canal_plateforme":"Responsive","user_agent":"Fixe","type_contenu":"Contenu","sous_type_contenu":"Articles","b:projet_on":true,"consent":"not found","authentification":"Non loggu\u00e9","type_visiteur":"Anonyme","edito_vs_service":"Edito","profil_contenu":"Redaction_Web","offre_freemium":"Article tronqu\u00e9","id_article":"20241123.OBS96856","libelle_article":"1864_Karl_Marx_L_Inconnu_De_L_Internationale","d:date_publication":"2024-11-23T18:30:07+01:00","heure_publication":"1830","thematique_1":"Politique","thematique_2":"Politique","b:clonage":false,"clonage_origin":"","a:s:tags_array":{"0":"politique","1":"idees","2":"histoire"},"tags":"[politique]|[idees]|[histoire]","signes":9429,"nature_edito":"serie"},"event_page":{"page_chapter1":"Politique","page_chapter2":"Politique","page":"20241123.OBS96856_1864_Karl_Marx_L_Inconnu_De_L_Internationale"},"full_page":"Politique::Politique::20241123.OBS96856_1864_Karl_Marx_L_Inconnu_De_L_Internationale","user":null}; var GDPR_CONFIG = { usePiano: true, usePianoQueue: '_paq', usePianoAsyncCommands: false, content: { siteName: "Le Nouvel Obs", deName: "du Nouvel Obs", aName: "au Nouvel Obs", paramsRefresh: true, policyUrl: "https://www.nouvelobs.com/donnees-personnelles", vendors: { analytics: ["SmartTag", "Chartbeat", "Amplitude", "TikTok"], social: ["Facebook", "Twitter", "Instagram", "Pinterest", "LinkedIn"], mediaPlatforms: ["Dailymotion"], personalization: ["Batch", "Forecast", "Selligent"], }, }, }; </script> <script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";var e;(function(e){e.exports=function(){for(var e,t="__tcfapiLocator",a=[],r=window;r;){try{if(r.frames[t]){e=r;break}}catch(e){}if(r===window.top)break;r=r.parent}e||(function e(){var a=r.document,n=!!r.frames[t];if(!n)if(a.body){var s=a.createElement("iframe");s.style.cssText="display:none",s.name=t,a.body.appendChild(s)}else setTimeout(e,5);return!n}(),r.__tcfapi=function(){for(var e,t=arguments.length,r=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;n++)r[n]=arguments[n];if(!r.length)return a;if("setGdprApplies"===r[0])r.length>3&&2===parseInt(r[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof r[3]&&(e=r[3],"function"==typeof r[2]&&r[2]("set",!0));else if("ping"===r[0]){var s={gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"};"function"==typeof r[2]&&r[2](s)}else a.push(r)},r.addEventListener("message",(function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data,a={};try{a=t?JSON.parse(e.data):e.data}catch(e){}var r=a&&a.__tcfapiCall;r&&window.__tcfapi(r.command,r.version,(function(a,n){var s={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:a,success:n,callId:r.callId}};t&&(s=JSON.stringify(s)),e&&e.source&&e.source.postMessage&&e.source.postMessage(s,"*")}),r.parameter)}),!1))}}(e={exports:{}},e.exports),e.exports)()}();</script> <script src="https://cmp.nouvelobs.com/js/nouvelobs.min.js"></script> <script>function getPurposes() { const cs = RegExp('lmd_consent=[^;]+').exec(document.cookie); if (cs) { try { const cc = JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent(cs ? cs.toString().replace(/^[^=]+./, '') : '')); if (cc.purposes) { return cc.purposes; } } catch (e) { return false; } } return false; } function hasConsent() { return !!getPurposes(); } function getConsents() { var isDefined = hasConsent(); var values = isDefined ? getPurposes() : false; var purposesNames = ["analytics","social","personalization","ads","mediaPlatforms"]; var consent = { isDefined: isDefined, hasNone: true, hasAll: true, hasAny: false }, p, v; for (var i = 0, l = purposesNames.length; i < l; i++) { p = purposesNames[i]; v = values && typeof values[p] === "boolean" ? values[p] : false; consent[p] = v; if (v) { consent.hasNone = false; consent.hasAny = true; } else { consent.hasAll = false; } } return consent; } function updateConsentClasses() { var html = document.documentElement; if (getConsents().isDefined) { html.classList.remove('cmp-not-defined'); } else { html.classList.add('cmp-not-defined'); } if (getConsents().hasNone) { html.classList.add('cmp-refused-all'); } else { html.classList.remove('cmp-refused-all'); } if (getConsents().ads) { html.classList.add('cmp-allowed-ads'); html.classList.remove('cmp-refused-ads'); } else { html.classList.remove('cmp-allowed-ads'); html.classList.add('cmp-refused-ads'); } if (getConsents().analytics) { html.classList.add('cmp-allowed-analytics'); html.classList.remove('cmp-refused-analytics'); } else { html.classList.remove('cmp-allowed-analytics'); html.classList.add('cmp-refused-analytics'); } if (getConsents().mediaPlatforms) { html.classList.add('cmp-allowed-mediaPlatforms'); html.classList.remove('cmp-refused-mediaPlatforms'); } else { html.classList.remove('cmp-allowed-mediaPlatforms'); html.classList.add('cmp-refused-mediaPlatforms'); } if (typeof Event === 'function') { var updateConsentEvent = new Event('updateConsentClasses'); html.dispatchEvent(updateConsentEvent); } } window.addEventListener('load', function() { updateConsentClasses(); }); document.addEventListener('gdprConsentGiven', function() { updateConsentClasses(); }); </script> <script>var xtvisitor = "";</script> </head> <body> <div id="cover" class="dfp-slot dfp-unloaded" data-format="cover"></div> <style> .obs_header{ --link-default-color: #EAEAEA; } .obs_menu_content{ --link-default-color: #171717; } </style> <section id="header" class="obs_header"> <header role="banner" class=""> <div class="obs_header__inner"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-between align-items-start"> <div class="obs-header__left d-flex"> <button type="button" class="obs_menu_btn collapsed-only btn btn--medium btn--icon-only btn--edito-secondary me-15" data-piano="Header,,,Menu,action"> <svg class="icon icon--navigation_menu " style="--fill:#171717"> <title>Menu</title> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#navigation_menu"></use> </svg> <span>Menu</span> </button> <a href="/" class="obs_header_logo" title="Le Nouvel Obs - Retourner à l'accueil" data-piano="Header,,,Logo,navigation"> <svg class="logo logo-lenouvelobs" style="--fill:#FFFFFF;height:7.14rem;width:36.5rem;" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin slice"> <title>Le Nouvel Obs</title> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#lenouvelobs"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="obs_header__actions d-flex align-items-center"> <div class="obs_menu_mag"> <a class="link--nav d-none d-lg-flex align-items-center pe-15" href="/kiosque" data-piano="Header,,,Lire_mag_semaine,navigation"> <svg class="icon icon--magazine " style="--fill:#FFF"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#magazine"></use> </svg> <span class="latino-300b pt-5 ps-10">Lire le magazine</span> </a> </div> <div class="action_btns d-flex align-items-center gap-10 ps-10"> <span tabindex="0" class="obs_menu_buddy btn btn--medium btn--edito-secondary" data-piano="Header,,,Connexion,action" data-urlencode="aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWMubm91dmVsb2JzLmNvbS9zZnVzZXIvY29ubmV4aW9uP3JlZGlyZWN0aW9uVXJsPWh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3Lm5vdXZlbG9icy5jb20lMkZwb2xpdGlxdWUlMkYyMDI0MTEyMy5PQlM5Njg1NiUyRjE4NjQta2FybC1tYXJ4LWwtaW5jb25udS1kZS1sLWludGVybmF0aW9uYWxlLmh0bWw="> <svg class="icon icon--person-connexion " style="--fill:#171717"> <title>Se connecter</title> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#person-connexion"></use> </svg> <span>Se connecter</span> </span> <span tabindex="0" class="obs_menu_subscribe btn btn--medium btn--conversion-primary" style="--btn-bg:#FEEB6F;--btn-color:#352601;" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Je m’abonne au Nouvel Obs" data-piano="Header,,,S_abonner_FestivalNO,navigation" data-urlencode="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubm91dmVsb2JzLmNvbS9hYm9ubmVtZW50"> <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right " style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> Offre anniversaire : s'abonner pour 1€ </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="obs_header__inner"> <nav class="obs_nav"> <ul class="obs_nav-inner d-flex align-items-center justify-content-lg-between scroll-x-snap gap-15 pt-15 pt-lg-20 pb-10 pb-lg-20"> <li class="scroll-x-snap__item flex-shrink-0"> <a href="#" class="obs_menu_btn link--nav d-flex gap-10 latino-300b latino-lg-600m" data-piano="Header,Nav,,Menu,action"> <svg class="icon icon--navigation_menu " style="--fill:#FFF"> <title>Menu</title> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#navigation_menu"></use> </svg> <span>Menu</span> </a> </li> <li class="scroll-x-snap__item flex-shrink-0"> <a class="latino-300b latino-lg-600m link--nav " href="/societe/" data-piano="Header,Nav,,Societe,navigation"> Société </a> </li> <li class="scroll-x-snap__item flex-shrink-0"> <a class="latino-300b latino-lg-600m link--nav " href="/politique/" data-piano="Header,Nav,,Politique,navigation"> Politique </a> </li> <li class="scroll-x-snap__item flex-shrink-0"> <a class="latino-300b latino-lg-600m link--nav " href="/monde/" data-piano="Header,Nav,,Monde,navigation"> Monde </a> </li> <li class="scroll-x-snap__item flex-shrink-0"> <a class="latino-300b latino-lg-600m link--nav " href="/ecologie/" data-piano="Header,Nav,,Ecologie,navigation"> Ecologie </a> </li> <li class="scroll-x-snap__item flex-shrink-0"> <a class="latino-300b latino-lg-600m link--nav " href="/economie/" data-piano="Header,Nav,,Economie,navigation"> Economie </a> </li> <li class="scroll-x-snap__item flex-shrink-0"> <a class="latino-300b latino-lg-600m link--nav " href="/idees/" data-piano="Header,Nav,,Idees,navigation"> Idées </a> </li> <li class="scroll-x-snap__item flex-shrink-0"> <a class="latino-300b latino-lg-600m link--nav " href="/culture/" data-piano="Header,Nav,,Culture,navigation"> Culture </a> </li> <li class="scroll-x-snap__item flex-shrink-0"> <a class="latino-300b latino-lg-600m link--nav " href="/tendances/" data-piano="Header,Nav,,Tendances,navigation"> Tendances </a> </li> <li class="scroll-x-snap__item flex-shrink-0"> <a class="latino-300b latino-lg-600m link--nav " href="/rue89/" data-piano="Header,Nav,,Rue89,navigation"> Rue89 </a> </li> <li class="scroll-x-snap__item flex-shrink-0"> <a class="latino-300b latino-lg-600m link--nav " href="/bibliobs/" data-piano="Header,Nav,,Bibliobs,navigation"> BibliObs </a> </li> <li class="scroll-x-snap__item flex-shrink-0"> <a class="latino-300b latino-lg-600m link--nav me-xs-50" href="/teleobs/" data-piano="Header,Nav,,Teleobs,navigation"> TéléObs </a> </li> <li class="scroll-x-snap__item flex-shrink-0"> <a href="/recherche" class="obs_search_btn link--nav d-flex gap-10 latino-300b latino-lg-600m" data-piano="Header,Nav,,Recherche,action"> <svg class="icon icon--magnifier " style="--fill:#FFF"> <title>Rechercher</title> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#magnifier"></use> </svg> <span>Recherche</span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="obs_nav__scroll-trigger align-items-center justify-content-end"> <button type="button" class="btn btn--icon-only btn--small btn--edito-secondary me-20" aria-label="faire defiler les thématiques suivantes"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-right " style="--fill:#FFF"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-right"></use> </svg> </button> </div> </nav> </div> <style> .collapse-content .link--nav{ line-height: 1; padding-top: .9rem; padding-bottom: .9rem; } </style> <nav class="obs_menu" role="navigation" aria-label="Menu principal"> <div role="dialog" aria-modal="true" class="obs_menu_header_actions bg-grey-800 d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center px-30 py-20 ps-lg-65 " style="--btn-label-color: #E1E6F3;"> <p class="antonia-2050b text-grey-100">Menu</p> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/abonnement" class="btn btn--conversion-primary btn--medium latino-300b me-15" style="--btn-bg:#FEEB6F;--btn-color:#352601;" data-piano="Menu,Anonyme,,S_abonner_FestivalNO,action"> <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right " style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> <span class="latino-300b">S'abonner</span> </a> <button aria-label="Fermer la navigation" class="obs_menu_close_btn btn btn--edito-secondary btn--medium btn--icon-only" data-piano="Menu,,,Fermer,action"> <svg class="icon icon--navigation_croix " style="--fill:white"> <title>Fermer la navigation</title> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#navigation_croix"></use> </svg> <span>Fermer</span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="border-top d-flex justify-content-between bg-grey-800 px-60 pt-20 pb-65 px-lg-90" style="--btn-label-color: #E1E6F3;--border-color:#323232"> <span class="btn btn--edito-primary btn--large btn--icon-only show-label" data-piano="Menu,Anonyme,,se_connecter_s_inscrire,action" tabindex="0" data-urlencode="aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWMubm91dmVsb2JzLmNvbS9zZnVzZXIvY29ubmV4aW9uP3JlZGlyZWN0aW9uVXJsPWh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3Lm5vdXZlbG9icy5jb20lMkZwb2xpdGlxdWUlMkYyMDI0MTEyMy5PQlM5Njg1NiUyRjE4NjQta2FybC1tYXJ4LWwtaW5jb25udS1kZS1sLWludGVybmF0aW9uYWxlLmh0bWw="> <svg class="icon icon--person-connexion " style="--fill:#A5B4D9"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#person-connexion"></use> </svg> <span class="latino-100m text-center">Se connecter<br>S’inscrire</span> </span> <a href="/kiosque" class="btn btn--edito-primary btn--large btn--icon-only show-label" data-piano="Menu,Anonyme,,Lire_le_mag,action"> <svg class="icon icon--magazine " style="--fill:#A5B4D9"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#magazine"></use> </svg> <span class="latino-100m text-center">Lire<br>le magazine</span> </a> <a href="https://abo.nouvelobs.com/faq" class="btn btn--edito-primary btn--large btn--icon-only show-label" data-piano="Menu,Anonyme,,FAQ,action"> <svg class="icon icon--faq " style="--fill:#A5B4D9"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#faq"></use> </svg> <span class="latino-100m text-center">FAQ</span> </a> </div> <div role="document"> <div id="menu-search-block" class="obs_menu_search_box py-20 px-30 px-lg-65" data-piano="Menu,,,Recherche,action"> <a href="/recherche" class="btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--fill"> <svg class="icon icon--magnifier " style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#magnifier"></use> </svg> Rechercher un article, un sujet </a> </div> <div class="obs_menu_content d-flex flex-column pt-10 pb-20 gap-10 px-30 px-lg-65"> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action link--nav w-100 d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-alaune-list" aria-expanded="true"> <p class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center antonia-900b-tsv3 text-grey-800 gap-15"> A la une </p> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down content-opened" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-alaune-list" class="collapse-content expanded"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-5"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="/budget/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,A_la_une,,Budget,navigation"> Budget <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/justice/20241114.OBS96358/le-proces-de-l-assassinat-de-samuel-paty.html" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,A_la_une,,Le_Proces_De_L_Assassinat_De_Samuel_Paty,navigation"> Le procès de l’assassinat de Samuel Paty <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/liban/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,A_la_une,,Liban,navigation"> Liban <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/depeche/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,A_la_une,,Actualites_en_continu,navigation"> Actualités en continu <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-societe-list" aria-expanded="false"> <p class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center antonia-900b-tsv3 text-grey-800 gap-15" > Société </p> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-societe-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-15"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="/societe/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Societe ,,Actualites_Societe,navigation"> Actualités Société <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/justice/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Societe,,Justice,navigation"> Justice <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/education/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Societe,,Education,navigation"> Education <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/faits-divers/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Societe,,Faits_Divers,navigation"> Faits divers <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/sante/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Societe,,Sante,navigation"> Santé <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/droits-des-femmes/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Societe,,Droits_Des_Femmes,navigation"> Droits des femmes <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/sciences/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Societe,,Sciences,navigation"> Sciences <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/parents/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Societe,,Parentalite,navigation"> Parentalité <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-politique-list" aria-expanded="false"> <p class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center antonia-900b-tsv3 text-grey-800 gap-15" > Politique </p> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-politique-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-15"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="/politique/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Politique ,,Actualites_Politique,navigation"> Actualités Politique <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/gouvernement/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Politique,,Gouvernement,navigation"> Gouvernement <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/assemblee-nationale/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Politique,,Assemblee_Nationale,navigation"> Assemblée nationale <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-monde-list" aria-expanded="false"> <p class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center antonia-900b-tsv3 text-grey-800 gap-15" > Monde </p> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-monde-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-15"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="/monde/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Monde ,,Actualites_Monde,navigation"> Actualités Monde <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/afrique/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Monde,,Afrique,navigation"> Afrique <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/amerique/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Monde,,Amerique,navigation"> Amérique <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/asie/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Monde,,Asie,navigation"> Asie <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/europe/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Monde,,Europe,navigation"> Europe <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/elections-americaines-de-2024/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Monde,,Presidentielle_Americaine,navigation"> Présidentielle américaine <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/israel-palestine/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Monde,,Conflit_Israel_Palestine,navigation"> Conflit Israël-Palestine <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/guerre-en-ukraine/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Monde,,Guerre_En_Ukraine,navigation"> Guerre en Ukraine <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-ecologie-list" aria-expanded="false"> <p class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center antonia-900b-tsv3 text-grey-800 gap-15" > Ecologie </p> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-ecologie-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-15"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="/ecologie/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Ecologie ,,Actualites_Ecologie,navigation"> Actualités Ecologie <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/climat/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Ecologie,,Climat,navigation"> Climat <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/pollution/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Ecologie,,Pollution,navigation"> Pollution <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/la-vie-en-vert/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Ecologie,,Ecologie_Au_Quotidien,navigation"> Écologie au quotidien <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/animaux/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Ecologie,,Animaux,navigation"> Animaux <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-economie-list" aria-expanded="false"> <p class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center antonia-900b-tsv3 text-grey-800 gap-15" > Economie </p> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-economie-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-15"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="/economie/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Economie ,,Actualites_Economie,navigation"> Actualités Economie <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/numerique/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Economie,,Numerique,navigation"> Numérique <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/social/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Economie,,Social,navigation"> Social <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/entreprises/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Economie,,Entreprises,navigation"> Entreprises <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/immobilier/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Economie,,Immobilier,navigation"> Immobilier <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/conso/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Economie,,Conso,navigation"> Conso <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/votre-argent/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Economie,,Argent,navigation"> Argent <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/medias/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Economie,,Medias,navigation"> Médias <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-idees-list" aria-expanded="false"> <p class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center antonia-900b-tsv3 text-grey-800 gap-15" > Idées </p> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-idees-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-15"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="/idees/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Idees ,,Actualites_Idees,navigation"> Actualités Idées <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/philosophie/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Idees,,Philosophie,navigation"> Philosophie <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/histoire/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Idees,,Histoire,navigation"> Histoire <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/feminisme/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Idees,,Feminisme,navigation"> Féminisme <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-culture-list" aria-expanded="false"> <p class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center antonia-900b-tsv3 text-grey-800 gap-15" > Culture </p> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-culture-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-15"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="/culture/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Culture ,,Actualites_Culture,navigation"> Actualités Culture <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/cinema/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Culture,,Cinema,navigation"> Cinéma <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/series/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Culture,,Series,navigation"> Séries <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/musique/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Culture,,Musique,navigation"> Musique <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/theatre/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Culture,,Theatre,navigation"> Théâtre <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/expositions/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Culture,,Expositions,navigation"> Expositions <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-tendances-list" aria-expanded="false"> <p class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center antonia-900b-tsv3 text-grey-800 gap-15" > Tendances </p> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-tendances-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-15"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="/tendances/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Tendances ,,Actualites_Tendances,navigation"> Actualités Tendances <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/mode/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Tendances,,Mode,navigation"> Mode <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/high-tech/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Tendances,,High_Tech,navigation"> High-Tech <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/food/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Tendances,,Food,navigation"> Food <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/drinks/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Tendances,,Drinks,navigation"> Drinks <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/vin/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Tendances,,Vins,navigation"> Vins <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/voyage/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Tendances,,Voyage,navigation"> Voyage <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/auto-moto/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Tendances,,Automobile,navigation"> Automobile <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-rue89-list" aria-expanded="false"> <p class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center antonia-900b-tsv3 text-grey-800 gap-15" style="color:var(--rue89,#e1293f) !important"> Rue89 </p> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-rue89-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-15"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="/rue89/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Rue89 ,,Actualites_Rue89,navigation"> Actualités Rue89 <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/nos-vies-intimes/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Rue89,,Vies_Intimes,navigation"> Vies intimes <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/notre-epoque/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Rue89,,Notre_Epoque,navigation"> Notre époque <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-bibliobs-list" aria-expanded="false"> <p class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center antonia-900b-tsv3 text-grey-800 gap-15" style="color:var(--bibliobs,#395bd6) !important"> BibliObs </p> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-bibliobs-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-15"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="/bibliobs/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Bibliobs ,,Actualites_Bibliobs,navigation"> Actualités BibliObs <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/romans/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Bibliobs,,Romans,navigation"> Romans <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/bd/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Bibliobs,,Bd,navigation"> BD <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/polar/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Bibliobs,,Polars,navigation"> Polars <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/essais/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Bibliobs,,Essais,navigation"> Essais <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-teleobs-list" aria-expanded="false"> <p class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center antonia-900b-tsv3 text-grey-800 gap-15" style="color:var(--teleobs,#00a6e6) !important"> TéléObs </p> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-teleobs-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-15"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="/teleobs/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Teleobs ,,Actualites_Teleobs,navigation"> Actualités TéléObs <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/tv/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Teleobs,,Selection_Tv,navigation"> Sélection TV <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/plateformes/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Teleobs,,Plateformes,navigation"> Plateformes <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/podcast/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Teleobs,,Selection_Podcasts,navigation"> Sélection Podcasts <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-lab-o-list" aria-expanded="false"> <p class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center antonia-900b-tsv3 text-grey-800 gap-15" > Lab-O </p> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-lab-o-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-15"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="/lab-o/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Lab_O ,,Actualites_Lab_O,navigation"> Actualités Lab-O <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/2049/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Lab_O,,2049,navigation"> 2049 <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/cycle-ecologie/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Lab_O,,Les_Cycles_Ecoloobs,navigation"> Les Cycles ÉcoloObs <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-opinions-list" aria-expanded="false"> <p class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center antonia-900b-tsv3 text-grey-800 gap-15" > Opinions </p> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-opinions-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-15"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="/opinions/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Opinions ,,Actualites_Opinions,navigation"> Actualités Opinions <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/edito/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Opinions,,Editos,navigation"> Éditos <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/chroniques/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Opinions,,Chroniques,navigation"> Chroniques <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/tribunes/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Opinions,,Tribunes,navigation"> Tribunes <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/billet/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Opinions,,Billets,navigation"> Billets <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-sport-list" aria-expanded="false"> <p class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center antonia-900b-tsv3 text-grey-800 gap-15" > Sport </p> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-sport-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-15"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="/sport/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Sport ,,Actualites_Sport,navigation"> Actualités Sport <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/jo-2024/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Sport,,Jo_2024,navigation"> JO 2024 <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-formats-list" aria-expanded="false"> <p class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center antonia-900b-tsv3 text-grey-800 gap-15"> Formats </p> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-formats-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-5"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="/videos/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Formats,,Videos,navigation"> Vidéos <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/nos-series/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Formats,,Toutes_Nos_Series,navigation"> Toutes nos séries <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/grands-entretiens/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Formats,,Grands_Entretiens,navigation"> Grands entretiens <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/portraits/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Formats,,Portraits,navigation"> Portraits <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/dossiers/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Formats,,Dossiers,navigation"> Dossiers <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="/les-jeux-de-l-obs/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Formats,,Tous_Les_Jeux,navigation"> Tous les jeux <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-services-list" aria-expanded="false"> <p class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center antonia-900b-tsv3 text-grey-800 gap-15"> Services </p> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-services-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-5"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="https://programme-tv.nouvelobs.com/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Services,,Programme_Tv,navigation" > Programme TV <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://la-conjugaison.nouvelobs.com/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Services,,Conjugaison,navigation" > Conjugaison <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/club-abonnes" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Services,,Club_Abonnes,navigation" > Club Abonnés <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://boutique.nouvelobs.com/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Services,,Boutique,navigation" > Boutique <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://jeux.nouvelobs.com/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Services,,Mots_Croises,navigation" > Mots croisés <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.retraite.com/partenariat-lobs/simulation-per/?track=TR62" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Services,,Comparateur_De_Per,navigation" rel="sponsored,nofollow"> Comparateur de PER <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border-top border-bottom px-30 px-lg-65 pt-20 pb-25" style="--border-color:#D9D9D9;--link-default-color:#171717"> <div class="collapse"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-promo-code-list" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center latino-600m gap-15"> Codes promos <p class="badge latino-100m">Service partenaire</p> </div> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-promo-code-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-5"> <div class="d-flex flex-column" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/bons-plans/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Codes_Promo,,Bons_Plans,navigation"> Bons plans <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/reduction/bons-plans-shopping" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Codes_Promo,,Blog_Shopping,navigation"> Blog Shopping <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/reduction/black-friday" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Codes_Promo,,Black_Friday,navigation"> Black Friday <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Codes_Promo,,Codes_Promos,navigation"> Codes promos <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/cdiscount" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Codes_Promo,,Code_Promo_Cdiscount,navigation"> Code promo Cdiscount <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/amazon" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Codes_Promo,,Code_Promo_Amazon,navigation"> Code promo Amazon <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/rakuten" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Codes_Promo,,Code_Promo_Rakuten,navigation"> Code promo Rakuten <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse mt-20"> <button type="button" class="collapse-action w-100 link--nav d-flex justify-content-between" aria-controls="menu-partners-list" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="collapse-title d-flex align-items-center latino-600m gap-15"> Partenaires <div> <p class="badge latino-100m">Service partenaire</p> </div> </div> <span class="collapse-indicator btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--small btn--icon-only"> <svg class="icon icon--chevron-down" style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-down"></use> </svg> </span> </button> <div id="menu-partners-list" class="collapse-content"> <div class="d-flex flex-column gap-60 flex-shrink-0 pt-5"> <div class="d-flex flex-column mb-30" style="column-gap:0.75rem;"> <a href="https://cours-espagnol.nouvelobs.com/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Partenaires,,Cours_D_Espagnol,navigation"> Cours d'espagnol <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://cours-allemand.nouvelobs.com/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Partenaires,,Cours_D_Allemand,navigation"> Cours d'allemand <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://cours-anglais.nouvelobs.com/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Partenaires,,Cours_D_Anglais,navigation"> Cours d'anglais <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <a href="https://cours-francais.nouvelobs.com/" class="link--nav d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between latino-300r text-blue-400" data-piano="Menu,Partenaires,,Cours_De_Francais,navigation"> Cours de français <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right me-2" style="--fill:#56668A"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pt-20 pb-30 px-30 px-lg-65 align-items-start" style="--link-default-color:rgba(34, 87, 218, 0.80)"> <div class="d-flex gap-20"> <div> <p class="latino-300b text-grey-800">Les newsletters</p> <p class="latino-100m text-grey-500"> Vous vous essoufflez à courir après l’info ? Gagnez du temps avec les sélections de la rédaction. <a href="https://compte.nouvelobs.com/dashboard/newsletters" data-piano="Menu,Les_newsletters,,Decouvrir_toutes_les_newsletters,navigation" class="d-inline-flex link--nav text-blue-600 gap-10"> Découvrir toutes les newsletters <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right " style="--fill:rgba(34, 87, 218, 0.80)"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </p> </div> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <img src="https://www.nouvelobs.com/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/menu/menu-img-newsletter.png" alt="" width="75" height="75" loading="eager"> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex gap-20 mt-30 align-items-start"> <div> <p class="latino-300b text-grey-800">L’application du Nouvel Obs</p> <p class="latino-100m text-grey-500"> Suivez toute l’actualité française et internationale avec le Nouvel Obs. <br> <a href="https://apps.apple.com/fr/app/le-nouvel-obs-actus-et-infos/id361705445" data-piano="Menu,L_appli_du_NO,,Telecharger_sur_iOS,navigation" class="d-inline-flex link--nav text-blue-600 gap-10"> Télécharger sur iOS <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right " style="--fill:rgba(34, 87, 218, 0.80)"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> <br> <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nouvelobs.androidapp" data-piano="Menu,L_appli_du_NO,,Telecharger_sur_Android,navigation" class="d-inline-flex link--nav text-blue-600 gap-10"> Télécharger sur Android <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right " style="--fill:rgba(34, 87, 218, 0.8)"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> </a> </p> </div> <div class="flex-shrink-0"> <img src="https://www.nouvelobs.com/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/menu/menu-img-apps.png" alt="" width="75" height="75" loading="eager"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="obs_overlay"></div> </header> </section> <script> const obsBody = document.body; const obsMenu = document.querySelector('.obs_menu'); const obsMenuLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.obs_menu a'); const obsOverlay = document.querySelector('.obs_overlay'); const obsMenuBtn = document.querySelectorAll('.obs_menu_btn'); const obsMenuCloseBtn = document.querySelector('.obs_menu_close_btn'); function tabIndex(items,index){ for (item of items) { item.tabIndex = index; } } function openMenu() { obsMenu.classList.add('obs_menu--open'); obsOverlay.classList.add('obs_overlay--active'); obsBody.classList.add('overflow-y-hidden'); tabIndex(obsMenuLinks,'0'); obsMenuCloseBtn.focus(); } function closeMenu() { obsMenu.classList.remove('obs_menu--open'); obsOverlay.classList.remove('obs_overlay--active'); obsBody.classList.remove('overflow-y-hidden'); tabIndex(obsMenuLinks,'-1'); } for (menuTrigger of obsMenuBtn){ menuTrigger.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); if (obsMenu.classList.contains('obs_menu--open')) { closeMenu(); } else { openMenu(); } }); } obsOverlay.addEventListener('click', () => { closeMenu(); }); obsMenuCloseBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { closeMenu(); }); tabIndex(obsMenuLinks,'-1'); document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => { const el_html = document.documentElement, el_body = document.querySelector('body'), headerHeight = document.querySelector("#header").getBoundingClientRect().height, navIsSticky = function() { const wScrollTop = window.pageYOffset || el_body.scrollTop, classSticky = 'scrolling', classFound = el_html.classList.contains(classSticky), bodyRect = el_body.getBoundingClientRect(), treshold = 200; if ( wScrollTop > (treshold + headerHeight) && !classFound ) { el_body.style.paddingTop = headerHeight; el_html.classList.add(classSticky); } if ( wScrollTop < 2 && classFound) { el_body.style.paddingTop = 0; el_html.classList.remove(classSticky); } }, onScrolling = function() { navIsSticky(); }; function onResize(){ const obsNavList = document.querySelector('.obs_nav-inner'); const obsNavSrollTrigger = document.querySelector('.obs_nav__scroll-trigger .btn'); if(window.innerWidth > '1024' && window.innerWidth < '1280'){ obsNavSrollTrigger.style.display = 'flex'; obsNavSrollTrigger.addEventListener('click',function(e){ obsNavList.scrollLeft += 100; }); }else{ if(obsNavSrollTrigger) obsNavSrollTrigger.style.display = 'none'; } } onResize(); window.addEventListener('resize',function (e) { onResize() }) window.addEventListener('scroll', function(){ setTimeout(() => { window.requestAnimationFrame( onScrolling ); },200); }); }); </script> <div id="dfp-habillage" class="dfp-slot" data-format="habillage"></div> <div class="habillagepub" id="ObsMain"> <div id="banniere_haute" class="dfp-slot dfp-unloaded" data-format="banniere_haute"></div> <div class="page"> <main> <article> <header class="highlights pb-25 container wrapper "> <div class="mb-15"> <a href="/politique/" class="link--nav latino-50 " data-piano="Page_Article,Fil_Ariane,,1,navigation">Politique</a> <span class="latino-50">,</span> <a href="/histoire/" class="link--nav latino-50 ms-15" data-piano="Page_Article,Fil_Ariane,,2,navigation">Histoire</a> </div> <div class="highlights-title container d-flex flex-column ms-lg-0 "> <span class="latino-1100eb latino-lg-1300b text-grey-800">La tumultueuse histoire de la gauche (4/25)</span> <h1 class="antonia-600b antonia-lg-800">1864. Karl Marx, l’inconnu de l’Internationale</h1> </div> </header> <div class="container"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="article-page"> <section class="article-page__body"> <div class="content"> <div class="mb-30"> <p class="latino-400b text-grey-800"> Par <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/journalistes/1809/david-bornstein.html" class="text-decoration-none link--box d-inline">David Bornstein</a> </p> <p class="latino-400 mt-10 text-grey-600"> Publié le <time datetime="2024-11-23T18:30:07.000+01:00"> 23 novembre 2024 à 18h30</time> </p> </div> <figure class="hook-media--standard "> <picture class="hook-media_picture pb-10"> <source media="(max-width: 768px)" srcset="https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/04/0/0/2416/1611/375/250/75/0/dc5c73d_1730719778316-web.jpg 1x,https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/04/0/0/2416/1611/750/500/50/0/dc5c73d_1730719778316-web.jpg 2x" width="375" height="250"> <img class="mx-auto" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20fill%3D%22%23e4e4e4%22%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20510%20340%27%20width%3D%22510%22%20height%3D%22340%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0%200h510v340H0z%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E" srcset="https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/04/0/0/2416/1611/510/340/75/0/dc5c73d_1730719778316-web.jpg 1x,https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/04/0/0/2416/1611/1020/680/50/0/dc5c73d_1730719778316-web.jpg 2x" loading="eager" width="510" height="340" alt="Karl Marx, vers 1870."> </picture> <figcaption class="hook-media_figcaption"> <p class="latino-200 text-grey-600"> Karl Marx, vers 1870. <span class="text-grey-600 ms-5">NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY, LONDON (MONTAGE)</span> </p> </figcaption> </figure> <div class="article__share d-flex align-items-center gap-20 mt-20 mb-30"> <div class="d-flex flex-wrap gap-15"> <button data-article-key="20241123.OBS96856" aria-label="lire plus tard" data-section="Politique" data-piano="Page_Article,Sous_date_publi,A_lire_plus_tard,1er_clic,action" class="popover-trigger btn btn--small btn--secondary read-later"> <i class="icon icon-read-after" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="latino-300 mt-2 ">Lire plus tard</span> </button> <button id="comment" aria-label="Commenter" class="popover-trigger btn btn--small btn--secondary" data-piano="Page_Article,Sous_date_publi,Commenter,1er_clic,action"> <svg class="icon icon--comment-alt " style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#comment-alt"></use> </svg> <span class="latino-300 mt-2">Commenter</span> </button> <div id="popover-comment" data-popover-for="comment" class="popover p-30" role="tooltip" style="width: 375px"> <div class="floating-close"> <button class="popover-close btn btn--small btn--icon-only btn--secondary"> <div class="sr-only">Masquer ce message</div> <svg class="icon icon--navigation_croix " style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#navigation_croix"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <p class="popover-header antonia-300eb text-grey-800 pb-10 pe-30"> Vous voulez participer au débat ? </p> <p class="popover-body pb-30 latino-400 text-grey-800"> S’abonner permet de commenter les articles. Et pas que : vous pouvez les consulter et les offrir à vos proches. </p> <div class="popover-footer d-flex flex-column gap-15 align-items-center"> <a href="?commentaires" class="btn btn--large btn--conversion-secondary flex-1 justify-content-center" data-piano="Page_Article,Sous_date_publi,Commenter,Lire_les_commentaires,action" style="--btn-width:100%;"> <span class="latino-300b">Lire les commentaires</span> </a> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/abonnement" class="btn btn--large btn--conversion-primary flex-1 justify-content-center" piano-context-origin="Page_Article,Sous_date_publi,Commenter,S_abonner,action" style="--btn-width:100%;"> <span class="latino-300b">S'abonner</span> </a> <a href="https://sec.nouvelobs.com/sfuser/connexion?redirectionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nouvelobs.com%2Fpolitique%2F20241123.OBS96856%2F1864-karl-marx-l-inconnu-de-l-internationale.html" class="flex-1 justify-content-center text-decoration-none latino-300b text-grey-600" piano-context-origin="Page_Article,Sous_date_publi,Commenter,Se_connecter,action"> Se connecter </a> </div> </div> <a aria-label="Nous suivre sur Google News" href="https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqBwgKMJe4nQkw3dFs?hl=fr&gl=FR&ceid=FR%3Afr" target="_blank" data-piano="Page_Article,Sous_date_publi,Nous_suivre_sur_google_news,1er_clic,action" class="btn btn--small btn--secondary"> <svg class="icon icon--star " style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#star"></use> </svg> <span class="latino-300 mt-2 ">Google Actualités</span> </a> <button id="share" aria-label="Partager" class="popover-trigger btn btn--small btn--secondary" data-piano="Page_Article,Sous_date_publi,Partager,1er_clic,action"> <svg class="icon icon--share-alt " style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#share-alt"></use> </svg> <span class="latino-300 mt-2">Partager</span> </button> <div id="popover-share" data-url="https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/20241123.OBS96856/1864-karl-marx-l-inconnu-de-l-internationale.html" data-id="20241123.OBS96856" data-popover-for="share" class="popover p-30" role="tooltip" style="width: 375px"> <div class="floating-close"> <button class="popover-close btn btn--small btn--icon-only btn--transparent"> <div class="sr-only">Masquer ce message</div> <svg class="icon icon--navigation_croix " style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#navigation_croix"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <p class="popover-header antonia-300eb text-grey-800 pb-20 pe-30"> Vous souhaitez partager cet article ? </p> <div class="popover-body gap-15 d-flex flex-wrap"> <button onclick="setToFacebook(); __forecast.collectShareFacebook();" class="btn btn--large btn--secondary" aria-label="Facebook" piano-context-origin="Page_Article,Sous_date_publi,Partager,Facebook,action"> <svg class="icon icon--facebook " style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#facebook"></use> </svg> <span class="latino-300">Facebook</span> </button> <button onclick="setToX(); __forecast.collectShareTwitter();" class="btn btn--large btn--secondary" aria-label="X (Twitter)" piano-context-origin="Page_Article,Sous_date_publi,Partager,X,action"> <svg class="icon icon--x " style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#x"></use> </svg> <span class="latino-300">Twitter</span> </button> <button id="mail-button" onclick="setToMail(true)" class="btn btn--large btn--secondary" aria-label="Mail" piano-context-origin="Page_Article,Sous_date_publi,Partager,Email,action"> <svg class="icon icon--mail " style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#mail"></use> </svg> <span class="latino-300">E-mail</span> </button> <button onclick="setToClipboard(); __forecast.collectShare();" class="copy-button btn btn--large btn--secondary" aria-label="copier le lien" piano-context-origin="Page_Article,Sous_date_publi,Partager,Copier_lien,action"> <svg class="icon icon--link " style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#link"></use> </svg> <span class="latino-300">Copier le lien</span> </button> </div> <form id="mail-form" method="POST" action="/sendON" class="popover-body gap-15 pt-30 d-none" novalidate> <div class="d-flex flex-column w-100"> <div class="input-group pb-15 d-flex flex-column"> <label for="input-name" class="latino-300 text-grey-600 pb-2"> Saisir ici votre nom </label> <input type="text" name="name" id="input-name" class="latino-300 w-100 box-sizing-border" placeholder="Saisir ici votre nom..." autocomplete="off" pattern="^[a-zA-ZàâäæáãåāèéêëęėēîïīįíìôōøõóòöœùûüūúÿçćčńñÀÂÄÆÁÃÅĀÈÉÊËĘĖĒÎÏĪĮÍÌÔŌØÕÓÒÖŒÙÛÜŪÚŸÇĆČŃÑ0-9\.\-_ ]{2,40}$" required> </div> <div class="input-group pb-15 d-flex flex-column"> <label for="input-email-1" class="latino-300 text-grey-600 pb-2"> Adresse email des ou du destinataire </label> <input pattern="[^@]+@[^@]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,6}" type="text" name="friend1" id="input-email-1" class="latino-300 w-100 box-sizing-border mb-20" placeholder="Saisir ici l'adresse email..." required> <input pattern="[^@]+@[^@]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,6}" type="text" name="friend2" id="input-email-2" class="latino-300 w-100 box-sizing-border mb-20" placeholder="Saisir ici l'adresse email..." disabled> <input pattern="[^@]+@[^@]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,6}" type="text" name="friend3" id="input-email-3" class="latino-300 w-100 box-sizing-border" placeholder="Saisir ici l'adresse email..." disabled> </div> <div class="input-group pb-15 d-flex flex-column"> <label for="input-message" class="latino-300 text-grey-600 pb-2"> Votre message </label> <textarea id="input-message" name="message" class="latino-300 w-100 box-sizing-border" placeholder="Saisir ici votre message..."></textarea> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="article_key" value="20241123.OBS96856"> </form> <div id="mail-form-error" class="form__alert"></div> <div id="mail-action" class="popover-footer d-none flex-column"> <button id="share-mail-submit" type="submit" form="mail-form" onclick="__forecast.collectShareMail()" class="latino-300 btn btn--large btn--black btn--fit"> Envoyer </button> </div> </div> <button id="gift" aria-label="Offrir cet article" class="popover-trigger btn btn--small btn--secondary" data-piano="Page_Article,Offrir,,1er_clic,action"> <svg class="icon icon--gift-alt " style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#gift-alt"></use> </svg> <span class="latino-300 mt-2">Offrir cet article</span> </button> <div id="popover-gift" data-popover-for="gift" class="popover p-30" role="tooltip" style="width: 375px"> <div class="floating-close"> <button class="popover-close btn btn--small btn--icon-only btn--secondary"> <div class="sr-only">Masquer ce message</div> <svg class="icon icon--navigation_croix " style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#navigation_croix"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <p class="popover-header antonia-300eb text-grey-800 pb-10 pe-30"> Vous avez envie d’offrir cet article ? </p> <div class="popover-body pb-30 latino-400 text-grey-700"> <p>S’abonner permet d’offrir les articles à vos proches. Et pas que : vous pouvez les consulter et les commenter.</p> </div> <div class="popover-footer d-flex flex-column gap-15 align-items-center"> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/abonnement" class="latino-300 btn btn--large btn--conversion-primary flex-1 justify-content-center" piano-context-origin="Page_Article,Offrir,,S_abonner_inscrits,action" onclick="ttq.track('AddToCart');" style="--btn-width:100%;"> <span class="latino-300b">S'abonner</span> </a> <a href="https://sec.nouvelobs.com/sfuser/connexion?redirectionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nouvelobs.com%2Fpolitique%2F20241123.OBS96856%2F1864-karl-marx-l-inconnu-de-l-internationale.html" class="flex-1 justify-content-center text-decoration-none latino-300b text-grey-600" piano-context-origin="Page_Article,Offrir,,Se_connecter,action"> Se connecter </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="reading-time d-flex align-items-center mb-10 mt-20 mb-25"> <time class="latino-300 text-grey-800" datetime="PT5M"> Temps de lecture : 5 min. </time> <div style="border-left:1px solid #909090;height:15px" class="mx-20"></div> <p class="latino-50 text-grey-600" style="margin-top:0.2rem;">Abonné</p> </div> <p class="article__description latino-800 pb-20 pb-md-25"> <span class="latino-800b">Série </span> Au premier congrès de l’Association internationale des Travailleurs, à Londres, le futur auteur du « Capital » est un participant parmi d’autres. Mais il en deviendra rapidement la principale figure. </p> <p class="latino-500b text-grey-600">Pour aller plus loin</p> <div class="d-flex mt-15 pb-25 pb-md-30"> <a href="/politique/20241125.OBS96904/la-tumultueuse-histoire-de-la-gauche-1789-2024.html" data-article-key="20241125.OBS96904" class="link--box flex-grow-1" data-piano="Page_Article,Sous_date_publi,,horizontal_lie,action" > <article class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-shrink-0 me-20"> <picture> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20fill%3D%22%23e4e4e4%22%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20120%20120%27%20width%3D%22120%22%20height%3D%22120%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0%200h120v120H0z%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E" srcset="https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/04/0/500/2000/2000/120/120/75/0/411c977_1730716812594-histoire-de-la-gauche-hs-1.jpg 1x,https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/04/0/500/2000/2000/240/240/50/0/411c977_1730716812594-histoire-de-la-gauche-hs-1.jpg 2x" width="120" height="120" loading="lazy" alt=""/> </picture> </div> <div class="flex-1 d-flex flex-column justify-content-center"> <p class="latino-300 latino-lg-600 text-grey-800"> <strong class="latino-300b latino-lg-600b">Dossier </strong> La tumultueuse histoire de la gauche (1789-2024) </p> <p class="latino-50 text-grey-600 py-10"> En accès libre </p> </div> </article> </a> <div class="align-self-end pb-2"> <button data-article-key="20241125.OBS96904" aria-label="lire plus tard" data-section="Politique" data-piano="Page_Article,Sous_date_publi,A_lire_plus_tard,1er_clic,action" class="popover-trigger btn btn--small btn--transparent btn--icon-only read-later"> <i class="icon icon-read-after" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="latino-300 mt-2 ">Lire plus tard</span> </button> </div> </div> <p class="node__paragraphe antonia-200 text-grey-800 pb-20 pb-md-30"> Le meeting fondateur de l’Association internationale des Travailleurs (AIT) n’eut – apparemment – rien de révolutionnaire. A Londres, le 28 septembre 1864, c’est dans une salle de concerts victorienne, le Saint Martin’s Hall, que se réunissent les 2 000 représentants du monde ouvrier européen. La plupart sont <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/photo/20140124.OBS3769/photos-visite-dans-le-secret-des-temples-francs-macons.html">francs-maçons</a> et, si tous s’accordent sur une philosophie d’union et d’émancipation du prolétariat, leurs options politiques divergent largement. </p> <div class="advertising mb-20 mb-md-40" type="inRead"> <p class="latino-100b text-violet-200 p-10">Publicité</p> <div id="inread_top" class="dfp-slot dfp-unloaded sticky" data-format="inread_top"></div> </div> <p class="node__paragraphe antonia-200 text-grey-800 pb-20 pb-md-30"> Ainsi, les <em>trade unionists </em>anglais, qui forment l’essentiel de l’assemblée, se battent pour des augmentations de salaires. La seconde délégation par le nombre (environ 200), celle des Français, est influencée par les idées de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. Lui prône la coopération ouvrière par le biais des mutuelles mais ne critique pas l’Etat impérial. Enfin, on rencontre des émigrés de Pologne, d’Italie, de Suisse ou d’Allemagne, aux opinions les plu… </p> <div class="paywall paywall--60yo paywall--has-img"> <img src="https://www.nouvelobs.com/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/paywalls/60-ans/paywall_logo-60yo.png" alt="" class="logo" width="60" height="60"> <picture class="bubbles"> <source media="(max-width:767px)" srcset="https://www.nouvelobs.com/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/paywalls/60-ans/paywall_bg_mobile.png"> <img src="https://www.nouvelobs.com/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/paywalls/60-ans/paywall_bg_desktop.png"> </picture> <div class="paywall__inner p-20 p-md-30"> <p class="paywall__title d-flex flex-column ms-50"> <span>Le Nouvel Obs fête</span> <span class="align-self-end">son anniversaire</span> <span style="color:#6C5D72;">Abonnez-vous !</span> </p> <p class="paywall__description pt-10 pb-20 pe-40 pe-md-0 latino-300r latino-lg-450r" style="color:#363C44;"> Le Nouvel Obs vous fait profiter d’une offre spéciale d’abonnement pour consulter tous les articles. Et pas que : vous pouvez les commenter et les offrir à vos proches. </p> <div class="paywall_actions d-flex flex-column me-25"> <span class="text-center btn btn--large btn--conversion-secondary mb-15" style="--btn-color: #352601; --btn-color-hover: #2D46C3; --btn-bg: #fff; --btn-bg-hover:#E1E6F3; --btn-bg-hover:#E1E6F3;" data-urlencode="aHR0cHM6Ly9tYWNvbW1hbmRlLm5vdXZlbG9icy5jb20vYWNjb3VudC9jcmVhdGUvMjIzNTcuMzU3NDgvMjIzNTIuMzU3NDc/YXJ0aWNsZT1odHRwcyUzQSUyRiUyRnd3dy5ub3V2ZWxvYnMuY29tJTJGcG9saXRpcXVlJTJGMjAyNDExMjMuT0JTOTY4NTYlMkYxODY0LWthcmwtbWFyeC1sLWluY29ubnUtZGUtbC1pbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsZS5odG1s" onclick="return window.pa.sendEvent('self_promotion.click', {'onsitead_type': 'Self promotion', 'onsitead_campaign': 'Article Teaser FestivalNO ' , 'onsitead_format':'Politique::Politique::20241123.OBS96856_1864_Karl_Marx_L_Inconnu_De_L_Internationale'});"> <svg class="icon icon--arrow-right " style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#arrow-right"></use> </svg> <span>S'abonner pour 1€</span> </span> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <button id="["essentiel_mensuel_099_3m_699_swg","essentiel_annuel_34_99_swg"]" class="js-swg-activation swg-button text-center btn btn--swg" aria-label="S'abonner avec Google" style="cursor: pointer;flex: 1 auto;" onclick="ttq.track('AddToCart');return window.pa.sendEvent('self_promotion.click', {'onsitead_type': 'Self promotion', 'onsitead_campaign': 'Article Teaser FestivalNO SWG ' , 'onsitead_format':'Politique::Politique::20241123.OBS96856_1864_Karl_Marx_L_Inconnu_De_L_Internationale'});"> <img width="164" height="20" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20fill%3D%22%23e4e4e4%22%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20282%2054%27%20width%3D%22282%22%20height%3D%2254%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0%200h282v54H0z%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E" srcset="https://www.nouvelobs.com/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/paywalls/swg_btn.jpg" class="js-swg-placeholder hide-if-cmp-analytics" alt="Subscribe with Google" loading="lazy" decoding="async"> </button> <p class="flex-shrink-0 latino-100b latino-lg-200b text-grey-600 ms-10 ms-lg-15"> Exclu : 1€<br>pour 3 mois </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paywall__footer d-flex pt-15 latino-300b"> <span class="pe-10" style="cursor: pointer;" data-piano="paywall_festivalNO_anonymes,,,se_connecter,navigation" data-urlencode="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubm91dmVsb2JzLmNvbS9hYm9ubmVtZW50"> Découvrir nos offres </span> <span class="pipe"></span> <span class="ps-10" style="cursor: pointer;" data-piano="paywall_festivalNO_anonymes,,,se_connecter,navigation" data-urlencode="aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWMubm91dmVsb2JzLmNvbS9zZnVzZXIvY29ubmV4aW9uP3JlZGlyZWN0aW9uVXJsPWh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3Lm5vdXZlbG9icy5jb20lMkZwb2xpdGlxdWUlMkYyMDI0MTEyMy5PQlM5Njg1NiUyRjE4NjQta2FybC1tYXJ4LWwtaW5jb25udS1kZS1sLWludGVybmF0aW9uYWxlLmh0bWw="> Se connecter </span> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="sidecol"> <div class="js-ads-container"> <div class="pb-25"> <div class="advertising mb-20 mb-md-40 pb-40**" style="position:sticky;top:12rem;"> <p class="latino-100b text-violet-200 p-10">Publicité</p> <div id="pave_haut" class="dfp-slot dfp-unloaded dfp-mention-desktop sticky" data-format="pave_haut"></div> </div> </div> <div class="pb-25"> <div class="" style="position:sticky;top:10rem;"> <div class="OUTBRAIN" data-src="https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/20241123.OBS96856/1864-karl-marx-l-inconnu-de-l-internationale.html" data-widget-id="SB_13" ></div> <style type="text/css"> .OUTBRAIN .SB_1.ob-widget .ob-widget-header { font-family: Oswald-regular !important; font-size: 2.5rem !important; font-weight: normal !important; color: #acacac !important; text-align: left !important; text-transform: initial !important; } .OUTBRAIN .SB_1.ob-widget .ob-widget-header::after { content: unset !important; } .OUTBRAIN .SB_1.ob-widget .ob-widget-header .ob-header { padding: 0 4.5rem 0 0 !important; } </style> </div> </div> <div class="pb-25"> <div class="advertising mb-20 mb-md-40" style="position:sticky;top:12rem;"> <p class="latino-100b text-violet-200 p-10">Publicité</p> <div id="pave_bas" class="dfp-slot dfp-unloaded dfp-mention-desktop sticky" data-format="pave_bas"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script> window.addEventListener('load', function(e){ // On recupère tout les layouts de la page const articlePageBody = document.querySelectorAll('.article-page__body,.section__content-inner'); // On parcours chaque layout articlePageBody.forEach((layout)=>{ // on recupère les enfants directs let childs = layout.children let content,aside for(let child of childs){ if(child.classList.contains('content')) content = child if(child.classList.contains('sidecol')) aside = child } // si on a bien une colonne de pub on ajuste la hauteur // de la colonne aside a celle du contenu if(aside && content){ let contentHeight = content.getBoundingClientRect().height aside.style.minHeight = contentHeight + 'px' // on récupère le container des pubs et on ajuste la taille des blocs // pour répartir l'effet sticky/scroll let adsContainer = aside.querySelector('.js-ads-container') for(ads of adsContainer.children){ ads.style.minHeight = contentHeight / adsContainer.children.length + 'px' } } }); }); </script> </aside> </section> </div> </div> </div> </article> <div class="container"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="article-page"> <div class="article-page__body"> <div class="content"> <div class="article__affiliated-content d-flex flex-column gap-60 pb-30 pb-md-60"> <div class="content"> <div class="my-40 pt-xs-30" style=""> <div class="OUTBRAIN" data-src="https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/20241123.OBS96856/1864-karl-marx-l-inconnu-de-l-internationale.html" data-widget-id="AR_33" ></div> </div> <div class="article__related-also-read-articles mt-40 mt-md-60"> <p class="latino-800 text-grey-600 pb-20">Sur le sujet <span class="latino-800b text-grey-800">Histoire</span></p> <ul> <li class="d-flex align-items-center gap-20 pb-30"> <a href="/societe/20241129.OBS97150/a-toul-une-statue-du-general-bigeard-qui-divise.html" data-article-key="20241129.OBS97150" class="link--box flex-grow-1" data-piano="Page_Article,Sur_sujet_plus_fin,,Lien1,navigation" > <article class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-shrink-0 me-20"> <picture> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20fill%3D%22%23e4e4e4%22%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20150%20100%27%20width%3D%22150%22%20height%3D%22100%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0%200h150v100H0z%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E" srcset="https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/25/0/0/4920/3280/150/100/75/0/e9e4cb6_1732531149419-20241024ncy4373.jpg 1x,https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/25/0/0/4920/3280/300/200/50/0/e9e4cb6_1732531149419-20241024ncy4373.jpg 2x" width="150" height="100" loading="lazy" alt="La figure en bronze du militaire, érigée le 24 octobre, à Toul."/> </picture> </div> <div class="flex-1 d-flex flex-column justify-content-center"> <p class="latino-300 latino-lg-600 text-grey-800"> <strong class="latino-300b latino-lg-600b">Reportage </strong> A Toul, une statue du général Bigeard qui divise </p> <p class="latino-50 text-grey-600 py-10"> Abonné </p> </div> </article> </a> </li> <li class="d-flex align-items-center gap-20 pb-30"> <a href="/politique/20241128.OBS97115/1885-germinal-et-zola-inventa-la-classe-ouvriere.html" data-article-key="20241128.OBS97115" class="link--box flex-grow-1" data-piano="Page_Article,Sur_sujet_plus_fin,,Lien2,navigation" > <article class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-shrink-0 me-20"> <picture> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20fill%3D%22%23e4e4e4%22%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20150%20100%27%20width%3D%22150%22%20height%3D%22100%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0%200h150v100H0z%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E" srcset="https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/10/21/772/0/2864/1909/150/99/75/0/1570689_1729502746583-gamma-k041003-a4.jpg 1x,https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/10/21/772/0/2864/1909/300/198/50/0/1570689_1729502746583-gamma-k041003-a4.jpg 2x" width="150" height="99" loading="lazy" alt="Mineurs au Creusot en 1854 (gravure d’Ignace-François Bonhomme)."/> </picture> </div> <div class="flex-1 d-flex flex-column justify-content-center"> <p class="latino-300 latino-lg-600 text-grey-800"> <strong class="latino-300b latino-lg-600b">Série </strong> 1885, « Germinal ». Et Zola inventa la classe ouvrière… </p> <p class="latino-50 text-grey-600 py-10"> Abonné </p> </div> </article> </a> </li> <li class="d-flex align-items-center gap-20 pb-30"> <a href="/politique/20241125.OBS96904/la-tumultueuse-histoire-de-la-gauche-1789-2024.html" data-article-key="20241125.OBS96904" class="link--box flex-grow-1" data-piano="Page_Article,Sur_sujet_plus_fin,,Lien3,navigation" > <article class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-shrink-0 me-20"> <picture> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20fill%3D%22%23e4e4e4%22%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20150%20100%27%20width%3D%22150%22%20height%3D%22100%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0%200h150v100H0z%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E" srcset="https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/04/0/0/3000/2000/150/100/75/0/411c977_1730716812594-histoire-de-la-gauche-hs-1.jpg 1x,https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/04/0/0/3000/2000/300/200/50/0/411c977_1730716812594-histoire-de-la-gauche-hs-1.jpg 2x" width="150" height="100" loading="lazy" alt=""/> </picture> </div> <div class="flex-1 d-flex flex-column justify-content-center"> <p class="latino-300 latino-lg-600 text-grey-800"> <strong class="latino-300b latino-lg-600b">Dossier </strong> La tumultueuse histoire de la gauche (1789-2024) </p> <p class="latino-50 text-grey-600 py-10"> En accès libre </p> </div> </article> </a> </li> <li class="d-flex align-items-center gap-20 pb-30"> <a href="/politique/20241124.OBS96891/1871-louise-michel-une-communarde-presque-comme-les-autres-la-femme-ne-doit-pas-reclamer-sa-place-parmi-les-oppresseurs.html" data-article-key="20241124.OBS96891" class="link--box flex-grow-1" data-piano="Page_Article,Sur_sujet_plus_fin,,Lien4,navigation" > <article class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-shrink-0 me-20"> <picture> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20fill%3D%22%23e4e4e4%22%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20150%20100%27%20width%3D%22150%22%20height%3D%22100%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0%200h150v100H0z%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E" srcset="https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/05/0/0/2416/1611/150/100/75/0/72b1e4b_1730811941112-web2.jpg 1x,https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/05/0/0/2416/1611/300/200/50/0/72b1e4b_1730811941112-web2.jpg 2x" width="150" height="100" loading="lazy" alt="Louise Michel après son arrestation, à la prison des Chantiers de Versailles (1871, à dr.), où de nombreuses communardes ont été regroupées avant leur passage en conseil de guerre (en h. à g.) ; et photographiée avec ses camarades Marie Ferré et Paule Minck la même année (à g.). Au centre, la barricade de la chaussée Ménilmontant, le 18 mars 1871."/> </picture> </div> <div class="flex-1 d-flex flex-column justify-content-center"> <p class="latino-300 latino-lg-600 text-grey-800"> <strong class="latino-300b latino-lg-600b">Entretien </strong> 1871. Louise Michel, une communarde presque comme les autres : « La femme ne doit pas réclamer sa place parmi les oppresseurs » </p> <p class="latino-50 text-grey-600 py-10"> Abonné </p> </div> </article> </a> </li> <li class="d-flex align-items-center gap-20 pb-30"> <a href="/histoire/20241124.OBS96864/quand-lucy-a-ete-decouverte-on-avait-une-vision-tres-lineaire-de-l-evolution-qu-on-sait-aujourd-hui-erronee.html" data-article-key="20241124.OBS96864" class="link--box flex-grow-1" data-piano="Page_Article,Sur_sujet_plus_fin,,Lien5,navigation" > <article class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-shrink-0 me-20"> <picture> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20fill%3D%22%23e4e4e4%22%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20150%20100%27%20width%3D%22150%22%20height%3D%22100%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0%200h150v100H0z%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E" srcset="https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/21/0/4/2014/1343/150/100/75/0/d9c40c6_1732184778178-000-par2004071046879.jpg 1x,https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/21/0/4/2014/1343/300/200/50/0/d9c40c6_1732184778178-000-par2004071046879.jpg 2x" width="150" height="100" loading="lazy" alt="L’anthropologue français Yves Coppens à côté d’une représentation de Lucy, le 10 juillet 2004 à Carnac dans le cadre d’une exposition « Lucy à Carnac ». "/> </picture> </div> <div class="flex-1 d-flex flex-column justify-content-center"> <p class="latino-300 latino-lg-600 text-grey-800"> <strong class="latino-300b latino-lg-600b">Entretien </strong> « Quand Lucy a été découverte, on avait une vision très linéaire de l’évolution qu’on sait aujourd’hui erronée » </p> <p class="latino-50 text-grey-600 py-10"> Abonné </p> </div> </article> </a> </li> <li class="d-flex align-items-center gap-20 pb-30"> <a href="/idees/20241123.OBS96823/un-historien-au-puy-du-fou-le-train-fantome-de-l-histoire-par-patrick-boucheron.html" data-article-key="20241123.OBS96823" class="link--box flex-grow-1" data-piano="Page_Article,Sur_sujet_plus_fin,,Lien6,navigation" > <article class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-shrink-0 me-20"> <picture> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20fill%3D%22%23e4e4e4%22%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20150%20100%27%20width%3D%22150%22%20height%3D%22100%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0%200h150v100H0z%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E" srcset="https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/19/0/0/1500/1000/150/100/75/0/ad86135_1732031115791-puydufou.png 1x,https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/19/0/0/1500/1000/300/200/50/0/ad86135_1732031115791-puydufou.png 2x" width="150" height="100" loading="lazy" alt=""/> </picture> </div> <div class="flex-1 d-flex flex-column justify-content-center"> <p class="latino-300 latino-lg-600 text-grey-800"> Un historien au Puy du Fou : le train fantôme de l’histoire, par Patrick Boucheron </p> <p class="latino-50 text-grey-600 py-10"> Offert </p> </div> </article> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="article__related-articles mt-20 mt-md-30"> <p class="latino-800 text-grey-600 pb-20">Sur le sujet <span class="latino-800b text-grey-800">Politique</span></p> <ul> <li class="d-flex align-items-center gap-20 pb-30"> <a href="/politique/20241129.OBS97152/l-interdiction-de-la-conference-de-rima-hassan-a-sciences-po-paris-est-justifiee-tranche-le-conseil-d-etat.html" data-article-key="20241129.OBS97152" class="link--box flex-grow-1" data-piano="Page_Article,Sur_sujet_plus_large,,Lien1,navigation" > <article class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-shrink-0 me-20"> <picture> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20fill%3D%22%23e4e4e4%22%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20150%20100%27%20width%3D%22150%22%20height%3D%22100%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0%200h150v100H0z%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E" srcset="https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/19/0/0/6000/4000/150/100/75/0/1d97f99_1732028230357-sipa-01164629-000009-1.jpg 1x,https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/19/0/0/6000/4000/300/200/50/0/1d97f99_1732028230357-sipa-01164629-000009-1.jpg 2x" width="150" height="100" loading="lazy" alt="Rima Hassan, eurodéputée LFI à Paris, le 20 juin 2024."/> </picture> </div> <div class="flex-1 d-flex flex-column justify-content-center"> <p class="latino-300 latino-lg-600 text-grey-800"> L’interdiction de la conférence de Rima Hassan à Sciences Po Paris est justifiée, tranche le Conseil d’Etat </p> <p class="latino-50 text-grey-600 py-10"> En accès libre </p> </div> </article> </a> </li> <li class="d-flex align-items-center gap-20 pb-30"> <a href="/politique/20241129.OBS97138/paris-match-notre-dame-et-macron-histoire-d-un-scoop-mis-sous-cloche.html" data-article-key="20241129.OBS97138" class="link--box flex-grow-1" data-piano="Page_Article,Sur_sujet_plus_large,,Lien2,navigation" > <article class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-shrink-0 me-20"> <picture> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20fill%3D%22%23e4e4e4%22%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20150%20100%27%20width%3D%22150%22%20height%3D%22100%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0%200h150v100H0z%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E" srcset="https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/29/0/1/5515/3677/150/100/75/0/c0755f9_1732867913520-sipa-01109507-000001.jpg 1x,https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/29/0/1/5515/3677/300/200/50/0/c0755f9_1732867913520-sipa-01109507-000001.jpg 2x" width="150" height="100" loading="lazy" alt="Emmanuel Macron lors d’une visite sur le chantier de Notre-Dame de Paris le 14 avril 2023."/> </picture> </div> <div class="flex-1 d-flex flex-column justify-content-center"> <p class="latino-300 latino-lg-600 text-grey-800"> « Paris Match », Notre-Dame et Macron : histoire d’un scoop mis sous cloche </p> <p class="latino-50 text-grey-600 py-10"> Abonné </p> </div> </article> </a> </li> <li class="d-flex align-items-center gap-20 pb-30"> <a href="/politique/20241129.OBS97135/reforme-des-retraites-rappels-au-reglement-bagarre-evitee-de-justesse-a-l-assemblee-la-gauche-echoue-a-abroger-le-texte-dans-une-ambiance-tendue.html" data-article-key="20241129.OBS97135" class="link--box flex-grow-1" data-piano="Page_Article,Sur_sujet_plus_large,,Lien3,navigation" > <article class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-shrink-0 me-20"> <picture> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20fill%3D%22%23e4e4e4%22%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20150%20100%27%20width%3D%22150%22%20height%3D%22100%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0%200h150v100H0z%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E" srcset="https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/20/0/0/6240/4160/150/100/75/0/a0fb840_1732106100554-sipa-01182276-000028.jpg 1x,https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/20/0/0/6240/4160/300/200/50/0/a0fb840_1732106100554-sipa-01182276-000028.jpg 2x" width="150" height="100" loading="lazy" alt="L’Assemblée nationale, le 31 octobre 2024. "/> </picture> </div> <div class="flex-1 d-flex flex-column justify-content-center"> <p class="latino-300 latino-lg-600 text-grey-800"> Réforme des retraites : rappels au règlement, bagarre évitée de justesse… A l’Assemblée, la gauche échoue à abroger le texte dans une ambiance tendue </p> <p class="latino-50 text-grey-600 py-10"> En accès libre </p> </div> </article> </a> </li> <li class="d-flex align-items-center gap-20 pb-30"> <a href="/politique/20241128.OBS97123/il-aura-la-censure-qu-il-merite-vives-reactions-a-gauche-face-aux-annonces-de-barnier-sur-l-aide-medicale-d-etat.html" data-article-key="20241128.OBS97123" class="link--box flex-grow-1" data-piano="Page_Article,Sur_sujet_plus_large,,Lien4,navigation" > <article class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-shrink-0 me-20"> <picture> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20fill%3D%22%23e4e4e4%22%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20150%20100%27%20width%3D%22150%22%20height%3D%22100%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0%200h150v100H0z%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E" srcset="https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/28/0/0/7200/4800/150/100/75/0/2a2f3de_1732826858796-sipa-01182009-000018.jpg 1x,https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/28/0/0/7200/4800/300/200/50/0/2a2f3de_1732826858796-sipa-01182009-000018.jpg 2x" width="150" height="100" loading="lazy" alt="Les députés socialistes applaudissent leur président du groupe, Boris Vallaud (avec le micro), à l’Assemblée nationale, à Paris, le 29 octobre 2024."/> </picture> </div> <div class="flex-1 d-flex flex-column justify-content-center"> <p class="latino-300 latino-lg-600 text-grey-800"> « Il aura la censure qu’il mérite » : vives réactions à gauche face aux annonces de Barnier sur l’aide médicale d’Etat </p> <p class="latino-50 text-grey-600 py-10"> En accès libre </p> </div> </article> </a> </li> <li class="d-flex align-items-center gap-20 pb-30"> <a href="/politique/20241128.OBS97119/budget-barnier-a-jusqu-a-lundi-pour-repondre-aux-lignes-rouges-du-rn-menace-le-pen.html" data-article-key="20241128.OBS97119" class="link--box flex-grow-1" data-piano="Page_Article,Sur_sujet_plus_large,,Lien5,navigation" > <article class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-shrink-0 me-20"> <picture> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20fill%3D%22%23e4e4e4%22%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20150%20100%27%20width%3D%22150%22%20height%3D%22100%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0%200h150v100H0z%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E" srcset="https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/28/1/0/7280/4853/150/99/75/0/a6585a6_1732819391091-sipa-01185539-000036.jpg 1x,https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/28/1/0/7280/4853/300/198/50/0/a6585a6_1732819391091-sipa-01185539-000036.jpg 2x" width="150" height="99" loading="lazy" alt="Marine le Pen après sa rencontre avec Michel Barnier à Paris, le 25 novembre 2024."/> </picture> </div> <div class="flex-1 d-flex flex-column justify-content-center"> <p class="latino-300 latino-lg-600 text-grey-800"> Budget : Barnier a « jusqu’à lundi » pour répondre aux « lignes rouges » du RN, menace Le Pen </p> <p class="latino-50 text-grey-600 py-10"> En accès libre </p> </div> </article> </a> </li> <li class="d-flex align-items-center gap-20 pb-30"> <a href="/politique/20241128.OBS97112/aide-medicale-d-etat-michel-barnier-veut-sensiblement-baisser-les-soins-pris-en-charge-pour-les-sans-papiers.html" data-article-key="20241128.OBS97112" class="link--box flex-grow-1" data-piano="Page_Article,Sur_sujet_plus_large,,Lien6,navigation" > <article class="d-flex"> <div class="flex-shrink-0 me-20"> <picture> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20fill%3D%22%23e4e4e4%22%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20150%20100%27%20width%3D%22150%22%20height%3D%22100%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0%200h150v100H0z%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E" srcset="https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/28/0/0/8256/5504/150/100/75/0/dd5ee48_1732811771460-sipa-01185922-000023.jpg 1x,https://focus.nouvelobs.com/2024/11/28/0/0/8256/5504/300/200/50/0/dd5ee48_1732811771460-sipa-01185922-000023.jpg 2x" width="150" height="100" loading="lazy" alt="Michel Barnier quitte le palais de l’Elysée, à Paris le 27 novembre."/> </picture> </div> <div class="flex-1 d-flex flex-column justify-content-center"> <p class="latino-300 latino-lg-600 text-grey-800"> Aide médicale d’Etat : Michel Barnier veut « sensiblement » baisser les soins pris en charge pour les sans-papiers </p> <p class="latino-50 text-grey-600 py-10"> En accès libre </p> </div> </article> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <section class="article__related-topics pt-15 pt-md-20"> <p class="latino-900b pb-20">Sujets associés à l'article</p> <ul> <li> <a class="button-list latino-400 py-10" href="/idees/" data-piano="Page_Article,Sujets_associes,,Lien1,action">Idées <svg class="icon icon--chevron-right " style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#chevron-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pre_footer d-flex flex-column align-items-center pt-20 pb-60 gap-30 gap-md-60 "> <div class="container"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="advertising d-block w-100"> <p class="p-10 latino-100b text-violet-200">Publicité</p> <div id="banniere_basse" class="dfp-slot dfp-unloaded" data-format="banniere_basse"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container wrapper gap-30 gap-lg-60 grid-1 grid-md-2 w-100"> <div id="codes_promo"> <div class="d-flex flex-shrink-0 gap-15 align-items-center justify-content-start"> <p class="latino-600m">Codes Promos</p> <span class="badge badge--content-partners latino-100m">Service partenaire</span> </div> <div class="grid-1 mt-20 p-20 border border-violet-200 rounded-5"> <ul class="d-flex flex-column"> <li> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/asus" class="sponsored-item link--nav latino-100m text-grey-800" data-piano-publisher="BizDev,SavingsUnited,article_bas_page_L1_P1,desktop"> Code promo Asus </a> </li> <li class="my-10 border-bottom border-violet-200 opacity-25"></li> <li> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/hp" class="sponsored-item link--nav latino-100m text-grey-800" data-piano-publisher="BizDev,SavingsUnited,article_bas_page_L1_P2,desktop"> Code promo HP </a> </li> <li class="my-10 border-bottom border-violet-200 opacity-25"></li> <li> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/bose" class="sponsored-item link--nav latino-100m text-grey-800" data-piano-publisher="BizDev,SavingsUnited,article_bas_page_L1_P3,desktop"> Code promo Bose </a> </li> <li class="my-10 border-bottom border-violet-200 opacity-25"></li> <li> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/memory-pc" class="sponsored-item link--nav latino-100m text-grey-800" data-piano-publisher="BizDev,SavingsUnited,article_bas_page_L1_P4,desktop"> Code promo Memory PC </a> </li> <li class="my-10 border-bottom border-violet-200 opacity-25"></li> <li> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/reduction-dell" class="sponsored-item link--nav latino-100m text-grey-800" data-piano-publisher="BizDev,SavingsUnited,article_bas_page_L1_P5,desktop"> Code promo Dell </a> </li> <li class="my-10 border-bottom border-violet-200 opacity-25"></li> <li> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/xiaomi" class="sponsored-item link--nav latino-100m text-grey-800" data-piano-publisher="BizDev,SavingsUnited,article_bas_page_L1_P6,desktop"> Code promo Xiaomi </a> </li> <li class="my-10 border-bottom border-violet-200 opacity-25"></li> <li> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/acer" class="sponsored-item link--nav latino-100m text-grey-800" data-piano-publisher="BizDev,SavingsUnited,article_bas_page_L1_P7,desktop"> Code promo Acer </a> </li> <li class="my-10 border-bottom border-violet-200 opacity-25"></li> <li> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/cyberghost" class="sponsored-item link--nav latino-100m text-grey-800" data-piano-publisher="BizDev,SavingsUnited,article_bas_page_L1_P8,desktop"> Code promo CyberGhost VPN </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="cours_langues"> <div class="d-flex flex-shrink-0 gap-15 align-items-center justify-content-start"> <p class="latino-600m">Cours de langue</p> <span class="badge badge--content-partners latino-100m">Service partenaire</span> </div> <div class="grid-1 mt-20 p-20 border border-violet-200 rounded-5"> <ul class="d-flex flex-column"> <li> <a href="https://language-courses.nouvelobs.com/wunderbla" class="sponsored-item link--nav latino-200 text-grey-800" data-piano-publisher="BizDev,Gymglish,article_bas_page_L1_P1,desktop"> Cours d'allemand </a> </li> <li class="my-10 border-bottom border-violet-200 opacity-25"></li> <li> <a href="https://language-courses.nouvelobs.com/" class="sponsored-item link--nav latino-200 text-grey-800" data-piano-publisher="BizDev,Gymglish,article_bas_page_L1_P2,desktop"> Toutes nos langues </a> </li> <li class="my-10 border-bottom border-violet-200 opacity-25"></li> <li> <a href="https://language-courses.nouvelobs.com/gymglish" class="sponsored-item link--nav latino-200 text-grey-800" data-piano-publisher="BizDev,Gymglish,article_bas_page_L1_P3,desktop"> Cours d’anglais </a> </li> <li class="my-10 border-bottom border-violet-200 opacity-25"></li> <li> <a href="https://language-courses.nouvelobs.com/test" class="sponsored-item link--nav latino-200 text-grey-800" data-piano-publisher="BizDev,Gymglish,article_bas_page_L1_P4,desktop"> Test gratuit </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <style>.obs_footer__socials a.btn{--btn-label-color:#FFF;--btn-border-color:#FFF !important;--btn-color:#FFF !important;}</style> <section> <footer class="obs_footer " style="--link-default-color:#bfbfbf"> <nav class="container wrapper d-flex flex-column align-items-center mw-lg-1000 pb-65 pt-50 pt-md-50 gap-30 gap-md-40"> <div class="obs_footer_social-medias w-100 d-flex flex-column flex-md-row align-items-left align-items-lg-center justify-content-md-between gap-30"> <a href="/politique/20241123.OBS96856/1864-karl-marx-l-inconnu-de-l-internationale.html " class="obs_footer__logo" data-piano="Footer,,,Logo,navigation" title="Retourner à l'accueil"> <svg class="logo logo-lenouvelobs" style="--fill:#FFF;height:3.8rem;width:19.3rem;" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin slice"> <title>Le Nouvel Obs</title> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#lenouvelobs"></use> </svg> </a> <div class="obs_footer__socials d-flex flex-row flex-wrap gap-10 gap-md-15"> <a href="/rss" target="_blank" data-piano="Footer,Reseaux_sociaux,,RSS,navigation" class="btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--icon-only flex-shrink-0 btn--medium"> <svg class="icon icon--rss " style="--fill:currentColor"> <title>Accéder à la page des fluxs RSS</title> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#rss"></use> </svg> <span>RSS</span> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lenouvelobservateur" target="_blank" data-piano="Footer,Reseaux_sociaux,,Facebook,navigation" class="btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--icon-only flex-shrink-0 btn--medium"> <svg class="icon icon--facebook " style="--fill:currentColor"> <title>Accéder à la page Facebook du Nouvel Obs</title> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#facebook"></use> </svg> <span>Facebook</span> </a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/nouvelobs" target="_blank" data-piano="Footer,Reseaux_sociaux,,Instagram,navigation" class="btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--icon-only flex-shrink-0 btn--medium"> <svg class="icon icon--instagram " style="--fill:currentColor"> <title>Accéder à la page Instagram du Nouvel Obs</title> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#instagram"></use> </svg> <span>Instagram</span> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Le_NouvelObs" target="_blank" data-piano="Footer,Reseaux_sociaux,,X,navigation" class="btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--icon-only flex-shrink-0 btn--medium"> <svg class="icon icon--x " style="--fill:currentColor"> <title>Accéder à la page X (anciènnement Twitter) du Nouvel Obs</title> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#x"></use> </svg> <span>X</span> </a> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@nouvelobs" target="_blank" data-piano="Footer,Reseaux_sociaux,,TiKTok,navigation" class="btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--icon-only flex-shrink-0 btn--medium"> <svg class="icon icon--tiktok " style="--fill:currentColor"> <title>Accéder à la page TikTok du Nouvel Obs</title> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#tiktok"></use> </svg> <span>TiKTok</span> </a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1ObaaFz4XHVPN2T5IFsU4w" target="_blank" data-piano="Footer,Reseaux_sociaux,,Youtube,navigation" class="btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--icon-only flex-shrink-0 btn--medium"> <svg class="icon icon--youtube " style="--fill:currentColor"> <title>Accéder à la page Youtube du Nouvel Obs</title> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#youtube"></use> </svg> <span>Youtube</span> </a> <a href="https://t.snapchat.com/rwMJi93J" target="_blank" data-piano="Footer,Reseaux_sociaux,,Snapchat,navigation" class="btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--icon-only flex-shrink-0 btn--medium"> <svg class="icon icon--snapchat " style="--fill:currentColor"> <title>Accéder à la page Snapchat du Nouvel Obs</title> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#snapchat"></use> </svg> <span>Snapchat</span> </a> <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/nouvelobs.bsky.social" target="_blank" data-piano="Footer,Reseaux_sociaux,,Bluesky,navigation" class="btn btn--edito-tertiary btn--icon-only flex-shrink-0 btn--medium"> <svg class="icon icon--bluesky " style="--fill:currentColor"> <title>Accéder à la page Bluesky du Nouvel Obs</title> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#bluesky"></use> </svg> <span>Bluesky</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="gap-30 grid-1 grid-md-6 w-100 mt-lg-40**"> <div id="footer-univers"> <p class="latino-300b text-grey-100"> Les univers </p> <ul class="d-flex flex-column gap-12 mt-20"> <li> <a href="/ecologie/" data-piano="Footer,Les_univers,,EcoloObs,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav">EcoloObs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/bibliobs/" data-piano="Footer,Les_univers,,BibliObs,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav">BibliObs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/rue89/" data-piano="Footer,Les_univers,,Rue89,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav">Rue89</a> </li> <li> <a href="/teleobs/" data-piano="Footer,Les_univers,,TeleObs,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav">TéléObs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/tendances/" data-piano="Footer,Les_univers,,Tendances,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav">Tendances</a> </li> <li> <a href="/culture/" data-piano="Footer,Les_univers,,Culture,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav">Culture</a> </li> <li> <a href="/horoscope/" data-piano="Footer,Les_univers,,Horoscope,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav">L’horoscope</a> </li> <li> <a href="/lab-o/" data-piano="Footer,Les_univers,,LabO,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav">Lab'O</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="footer-dans_l_actu"> <p class="latino-300b text-grey-100"> Dans l’actu </p> <ul class="d-flex flex-column gap-12 mt-20"> <li> <a href="/budget/" data-piano="Footer,Dans_l_actu,,budget,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav">Budget</a> </li> <li> <a href="/justice/20241114.OBS96358/le-proces-de-l-assassinat-de-samuel-paty.html" data-piano="Footer,Dans_l_actu,,le-proces-de-l-assassinat-de-samuel-paty,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav">Le procès de l’assassinat de Samuel Paty</a> </li> <li> <a href="/liban/" data-piano="Footer,Dans_l_actu,,liban,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav">Liban</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="footer-services"> <p class="latino-300b text-grey-100">Les services</p> <ul class="d-flex flex-column gap-12 mt-20"> <li> <a href="/kiosque" data-piano="Footer,Services_abonnes,,Le_mag_numerique,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav" >Le magazine numérique</a> </li> <li> <a href="/abonnement" data-piano="Footer,Services_abonnes,,s_abonner_se_desabonner,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav" >S’abonner / se désabonner</a> </li> <li> <a href="/club-abonnes" data-piano="Footer,Services_abonnes,,Club_abonnes,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav" >Le Club Abonnés</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://compte.nouvelobs.com/dashboard/newsletters" data-piano="Footer,Services_abonnes,,Newsletters,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav" >Newsletters</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://jeux.nouvelobs.com/" data-piano="Footer,Services_abonnes,,Mots_croises,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav" >Les mots croisés</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://boutique.nouvelobs.com/" data-piano="Footer,Services_abonnes,,Boutique,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav" >La boutique</a> </li> <li> <a href="/index" data-piano="Footer,Services_abonnes,,Archives,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav" >Les archives</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.retraite.com/partenariat-lobs/simulation/?track=TR7" data-piano="Footer,Services_abonnes,,Bilan_Retraite,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav" rel="sponsored,nofollow">Bilan retraite</a> </li> <li> <span class="latino-100m text-grey-400"> L’appli :<br> <a href="https://apps.apple.com/fr/app/le-nouvel-obs-actus-et-infos/id361705445" data-piano="Footer,Autres_services,,Appli_iOS,navigation" class="latino-100m link--nav text-grey-400">iOS</a> | <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nouvelobs.androidapp" data-piano="Footer,Autres_services,,Appli_Android,navigation" class="latino-100m link--nav text-grey-400">Android</a> </span> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="footer-group_websites"> <p class="latino-300b text-grey-100">Les sites du groupe</p> <ul class="d-flex flex-column gap-12 mt-20"> <li> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/" target="_blank" data-piano="Footer,Les_sites_du_groupe,,Le_Monde,navigation" class="link--nav latino-100m text-grey-400">Le Monde</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.telerama.fr/" target="_blank" data-piano="Footer,Les_sites_du_groupe,,Telerama,navigation" class="link--nav latino-100m text-grey-400">Télérama</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.courrierinternational.com/" target="_blank" data-piano="Footer,Les_sites_du_groupe,,Courrier_International,navigation" class="link--nav latino-100m text-grey-400">Courrier international</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/" target="_blank" data-piano="Footer,Les_sites_du_groupe,,HuffPost,navigation" class="link--nav latino-100m text-grey-400">Le HuffPost</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.lavie.fr/" target="_blank" data-piano="Footer,Les_sites_du_groupe,,La_vie,navigation" class="link--nav latino-100m text-grey-400">La Vie</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/" target="_blank" data-piano="Footer,Les_sites_du_groupe,,Le_Monde_diplo,navigation" class="link--nav latino-100m text-grey-400">Le Monde diplomatique</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="footer-quick-links"> <p class="latino-300b text-grey-100">Accès rapide</p> <ul class="d-flex flex-column gap-12 mt-20"> <li> <a href="https://programme-tv.nouvelobs.com/" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav" data-piano="Footer,Acces_rapides,,Programme_TV,navigation" > Programme TV<br class="d-none d-md-block"> gratuit et complet </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://la-conjugaison.nouvelobs.com/" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav" data-piano="Footer,Acces_rapides,,La_conjugaison,navigation" > La conjugaison </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav" data-piano="Footer,Acces_rapides,,Codes_promo,navigation" > Codes promo </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="footer-good-deals"> <p class="latino-300b text-grey-100">Bons plans</p> <ul class="d-flex flex-column gap-12 mt-20"> <li> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/reduction/bons-plans-shopping" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav" data-piano="Footer,Bons_Plans,,Blog,navigation" > Le Blog </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/reduction/black-friday" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav" data-piano="Footer,Bons_Plans,,Black_Friday,navigation" > Black Friday </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/reduction/soldes" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav" data-piano="Footer,Bons_Plans,,Soldes,navigation" > Soldes </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/emma-matelas" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav" data-piano="Footer,Bons_Plans,,Emma_Matelas,navigation" > Code promo Emma<br class="d-none d-md-block"> Matelas </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/nike" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav" data-piano="Footer,Bons_Plans,,Nike,navigation" > Code promo Nike </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/codepromo/reduction-foot-locker" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav" data-piano="Footer,Bons_Plans,,Foot_Locker,navigation" > Code promo Foot<br class="d-none d-md-block"> Locker </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="w-100 mt-lg-20"> <ul class="d-flex flex-column gap-12 flex-md-row gap-md-0 justify-content-start"> <li class="flex-shrink-0"> <a href="/mentions-legales" data-piano="Footer,Liens_utiles,,Mentions_legales,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav "> Mentions légales </a> </li> <li class="px-5 text-grey-400">|</li> <li class="flex-shrink-0"> <a href="/cgv" data-piano="Footer,Liens_utiles,,CGV,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav "> CGV </a> </li> <li class="px-5 text-grey-400">|</li> <li class="flex-shrink-0"> <a href="/licence" data-piano="Footer,Liens_utiles,,Copyright,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav "> Copyright </a> </li> <li class="px-5 text-grey-400">|</li> <li class="flex-shrink-0"> <a href="https://mpublicite.fr/contact/" data-piano="Footer,Liens_utiles,,Publicite,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav "> Publicité </a> </li> <li class="px-5 text-grey-400">|</li> <li class="flex-shrink-0"> <a href="/donnees-personnelles" data-piano="Footer,Liens_utiles,,Politique_Confidentialite,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav "> Politique de confidentialité </a> </li> <li class="px-5 text-grey-400">|</li> <li class="flex-shrink-0"> <a href="#" data-piano="Footer,Liens_utiles,,Gestion_Cookies,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav iubenda-cs-preferences-link"> Gestion des cookies </a> </li> <li class="px-5 text-grey-400">|</li> <li class="flex-shrink-0"> <a href="https://abo.nouvelobs.com/faq" data-piano="Footer,Liens_utiles,,Aide_Contact,navigation" class="latino-100m text-grey-400 link--nav "> Aide / Contact </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="obs_footer_copyright w-100 d-flex flex-column flex-md-row gap-10"> <span class="latino-100m text-grey-400">© Le Nouvel Obs - 2024</span> <span class="latino-100m text-grey-400">Les marques ou contenus du site nouvelobs.com sont soumis à la protection de la propriété intellectuelle.</span> </div> </nav> <div class="floating-logo"> <svg class="logo logo-lenouvelobs" style="--fill:#FFF;" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin slice"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#lenouvelobs"></use> </svg> </div> </footer> </section> </div> <div class="toast-container"> <div class="toast d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center"> <p class="latino-400"> <span class="toast_text"></span> <a class="toast_undoable" href="#">Annuler</a> </p> <button aria-label="Masquer ce message" class="toast_close btn btn--small btn--icon-only btn--transparent"> <svg class="icon icon--navigation_croix " style="--fill:#F6F6F6"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#navigation_croix"></use> </svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="notifications d-flex flex-column gap-30 py-15 pb-lg-30 px-15 px-lg-0"></div> <script>var jsCookies={get:function(e){if(document.cookie.length>0){var o=document.cookie.indexOf(e+"=");if(-1!=o){o=o+e.length+1;var i=document.cookie.indexOf(";",o);return -1==i&&(i=document.cookie.length),decodeURIComponent(document.cookie.substring(o,i))}}return""},set:function(e,o,i,n,t){var r=new Date;r.setDate(r.getDate()+i);var a="";void 0!==n&&(a+=";path="+n),void 0!==t&&(a+=";domain="+t),document.cookie=e+"="+encodeURIComponent(o)+(null==i?"":";expires="+r.toUTCString())+a},check:function(e){var o=jsCookies.get(e);return null!=o&&""!=o},delete:function(e,o,i){jsCookies.get(e)&&(document.cookie=e+"="+(o?";path="+o:"")+(i?";domain="+i:"")+";expires=Thu, 01-Jan-1970 00:00:01 GMT")}};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/js/common.bundle.js" defer="true"></script> <script>setTimeout(function () { window.location.reload(); }, 900000);</script> <div data-popover-for="read-later" class="popover p-30" role="tooltip" style="width: 375px"> <div class="floating-close"> <button class="popover-close btn btn--small btn--icon-only btn--secondary"> <div class="sr-only">Masquer ce message</div> <svg class="icon icon--navigation_croix " style="--fill:#171717"> <use href="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/img/sprite.svg#navigation_croix"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <p class="popover-header antonia-300eb text-grey-800 pb-10 pe-30">Vous préférez lire plus tard cet article ?</p> <p class="popover-body pb-30 latino-400 text-grey-700"> Créer un compte permet d’enregistrer des articles à lire plus tard. Et pas que : vous pouvez profiter gratuitement de tous les articles offerts. </p> <div class="popover-footer d-flex flex-column gap-15 align-items-center"> <a href="https://sec.nouvelobs.com/sfuser/register?redirectionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nouvelobs.com%2Fpolitique%2F20241123.OBS96856%2F1864-karl-marx-l-inconnu-de-l-internationale.html" class="btn btn--large btn--conversion-secondary flex-1 justify-content-center" piano-context-origin="Page_Article,Popover,A_lire_plus_tard,Creer_un_compte,action" style="--btn-width:100%;"> <span class="latino-300b">Créer un compte gratuit</span> </a> <a href="https://sec.nouvelobs.com/sfuser/connexion?redirectionUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nouvelobs.com%2Fpolitique%2F20241123.OBS96856%2F1864-karl-marx-l-inconnu-de-l-internationale.html" class="flex-1 justify-content-center text-decoration-none latino-300b text-grey-700" piano-context-origin="Page_Article,Popover,A_lire_plus_tard,Se_connecter,action"> Se connecter </a> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/js/article.bundle.js"></script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="personalization" data-gdpr-inline> var autoShowValue = true; (function(b,a,t,c,h,e,r){h='batchSDK';b[h]=b[h]||function() { (b[h].q=b[h].q||[]).push(arguments)};e=a.createElement(t),r=a.getElementsByTagName(t)[0]; e.async=1;e.src=c;r.parentNode.insertBefore(e,r);})(window,document,'script','https://via.batch.com/v3/bootstrap.min.js'); var batchSDKUIConfig = { native: { autoShow: autoShowValue, } } if ((navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Firefox") !== -1 || (navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Safari") !== -1) && navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Chrome") === -1)){ batchSDKUIConfig = { alert: { autoShow: autoShowValue, attach: 'bottom left', icon: 'https://www.nouvelobs.com/icons/nouvelobs/lobs-pwa-192.png', text: "\nVous souhaitez recevoir les infos en temps réel ? Activez dès maintenant les alertes", backgroundColor: '#FFFFFF', textColor: '#000000', fontFamily: 'sans-serif', fontSize: 16, btnFontSize: 16, positiveSubBtnLabel: "Activer", positiveBtnStyle: { shadow: false, backgroundColor: '#171717', hoverBackgroundColor: '#323232', textColor: '#ffffff' }, negativeBtnLabel: "Non, merci", negativeBtnStyle: { shadow: false, }, zIndex: 999 } } } batchSDK('setup', { apiKey: '0C9EC15AC7C545E29756DFB3FE7D0C4D', subdomain: 'nouvelobs', authKey: '2.D6kqa80QxZa/O8pp5SmxDRnNBO21nN2wQARY2DdYb28=', dev: false, vapidPublicKey: 'BPEzsH2CS4XM/And7oDh7h3h01/WRqlZpLDViceKPMLxHNd+28i6UYxIwfntlJqLZe5g8sUcCVPxlVLXhEMhQf0=', defaultIcon: 'https://www.nouvelobs.com/icons/nouvelobs/lobs-pwa-192.png', smallIcon: 'https://www.nouvelobs.com/icons/nouvelobs/lobs-pwa-96.png', ui: batchSDKUIConfig, useExistingServiceWorker: true, safari: { 'https://www.nouvelobs.com': 'web.www.nouvelons.com', } }); </script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="personalization" data-gdpr-src="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/js/personalization.bundle.js"></script> <script> var _sf_async_config = _sf_async_config || {}; _sf_async_config.uid = 28421; _sf_async_config.domain = 'nouvelobs.com'; _sf_async_config.useCanonical = true; </script> <img src="//www.img-static.com/LOBS.gif" alt="" style="position:absolute;max-width:1px;max-height:1px"> <script> _sf_async_config.sections = ["Politique","Histoire"]; _sf_async_config.authors = ["David Bornstein"]; var tiktokEditoPage = true; var tiktokContentType = "payant"; var tiktokTag = "Politique"; var fbTrackType = 'ViewContent'; var fbTrackParams = { content_id: '96856', content_category: 'Politique', content_title: '1864. Karl Marx, l’inconnu de l’Internationale', content_type: 'article', content_tier: 'premium' }; window.__batch_queue = (window.__batch_queue || []); window.__batch_queue.push({ "additional_data": { "article_freemium": "payant", "article_category": "politique", "article_url": "\/politique\/20241123.OBS96856\/1864-karl-marx-l-inconnu-de-l-inter", }}); window.__batch_queue.push("read_article"); </script> <script type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="analytics" data-gdpr-src="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/js/analytics.bundle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/bucket/5dda25d9bd813beea2c9618e59e2ba967a8eea6c/v3/js/piano.bundle.js" async="async"></script> <script async="async" type="text/plain" data-gdpr-purposes="essential" data-gdpr-src="https://widgets.outbrain.com/outbrain.js?i=fabb8bca"></script> </body> </html>