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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Design and construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_and_construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations_and_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations_and_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Operations and management</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operations_and_management-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operations and management subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operations_and_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flight_logistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flight_logistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Flight logistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flight_logistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Customs_and_immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customs_and_immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Customs and immigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Customs_and_immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security_and_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_and_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Security and safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_and_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Services_and_amenities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services_and_amenities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Services and amenities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Services_and_amenities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Customer_satisfaction_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customer_satisfaction_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>Customer satisfaction awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Customer_satisfaction_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Airport names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable airports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_airports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable airports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_historical_event" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_historical_event"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>By historical event</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_historical_event-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_passenger_numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_passenger_numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>By passenger numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_passenger_numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">International airport</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internasionale_lughawe" title="Internasionale lughawe – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Internasionale lughawe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="مطار دولي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مطار دولي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeropuertu_internacional" title="Aeropuertu internacional – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aeropuertu internacional" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyn%C9%99lxalq_hava_liman%C4%B1" title="Beynəlxalq hava limanı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Beynəlxalq hava limanı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0" title="আন্তর্জাতিক বিমানবন্দর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আন্তর্জাতিক বিমানবন্দর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="इंटरनेशनल हवाईअड्डा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इंटरनेशनल हवाईअड्डा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroport_internacional" title="Aeroport internacional – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aeroport internacional" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_leti%C5%A1t%C4%9B" title="Mezinárodní letiště – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mezinárodní letiště" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maes_awyr_rhyngwladol" title="Maes awyr rhyngwladol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Maes awyr rhyngwladol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Διεθνές αεροδρόμιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διεθνές αεροδρόμιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeropuerto_internacional" title="Aeropuerto internacional – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aeropuerto internacional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazioarteko_aireportu" title="Nazioarteko aireportu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nazioarteko aireportu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C" title="فرودگاه بین‌المللی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرودگاه بین‌المللی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_international" title="Aéroport international – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aéroport international" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%AD" title="국제공항 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국제공항" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%85%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Միջազգային օդանավակայան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջազգային օդանավակայան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अंतर्राष्ट्रीय विमानक्षेत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंतर्राष्ट्रीय विमानक्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_udara_internasional" title="Bandar udara internasional – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bandar udara internasional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroporto_international" title="Aeroporto international – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Aeroporto international" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%9C_%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99" title="נמל תעופה בין-לאומי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נמל תעופה בין-לאומי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3" title="ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವಿಮಾನ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವಿಮಾನ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="საერთაშორისო აეროპორტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საერთაშორისო აეროპორტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DA%88" title="بین الاقوامی ہوایی اڈ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بین الاقوامی ہوایی اڈ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemzetk%C3%B6zi_rep%C3%BCl%C5%91t%C3%A9r" title="Nemzetközi repülőtér – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nemzetközi repülőtér" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A6%D8%A2%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%AC%D9%87" title="جئآنی فوروزجه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جئآنی فوروزجه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapangan_terbang_antarabangsa" title="Lapangan terbang antarabangsa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lapangan terbang antarabangsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာလေဆိပ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာလေဆိပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E7%A9%BA%E6%B8%AF" title="国際空港 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国際空港" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internasjonal_lufthavn" title="Internasjonal lufthavn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Internasjonal lufthavn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internasjonal_lufthamn" title="Internasjonal lufthamn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Internasjonal lufthamn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzynarodowy_port_lotniczy" title="Międzynarodowy port lotniczy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Międzynarodowy port lotniczy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroporto_internacional" title="Aeroporto internacional – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aeroporto internacional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroport_interna%C8%9Bional" title="Aeroport internațional – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aeroport internațional" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Международный аэропорт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Международный аэропорт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroporti_nd%C3%ABrkomb%C3%ABtar" title="Aeroporti ndërkombëtar – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Aeroporti ndërkombëtar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansainv%C3%A4linen_lentoasema" title="Kansainvälinen lentoasema – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kansainvälinen lentoasema" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationell_flygplats" title="Internationell flygplats – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Internationell flygplats" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paliparang_pandaigdig" title="Paliparang pandaigdig – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Paliparang pandaigdig" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பன்னாட்டு வானூர்தி நிலையம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பன்னாட்டு வானூர்தி நிலையம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="ท่าอากาศยานนานาชาติ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ท่าอากาศยานนานาชาติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Фурудгоҳи байналмиллалӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фурудгоҳи байналмиллалӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_havaliman%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası havalimanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uluslararası havalimanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiemuhy%C9%9Bn_Gyinabea" title="Wiemuhyɛn Gyinabea – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Wiemuhyɛn Gyinabea" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Міжнародний аеропорт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міжнародний аеропорт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%DB%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DA%88%D8%A7" title="بین الاقوامی ہوائی اڈا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بین الاقوامی ہوائی اڈا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2n_bay_qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Sân bay quốc tế – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sân bay quốc tế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/San_Francisco_International_Airport_at_night.jpg/300px-San_Francisco_International_Airport_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/San_Francisco_International_Airport_at_night.jpg/450px-San_Francisco_International_Airport_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/San_Francisco_International_Airport_at_night.jpg/600px-San_Francisco_International_Airport_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_International_Airport" title="San Francisco International Airport">San Francisco International Airport</a> in November 2005 at night, with departure gates radiating out from the <a href="/wiki/Airport_terminal" title="Airport terminal">terminal building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerobridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerobridge">aerobridges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airport_apron" title="Airport apron">apron</a> and parked <a href="/wiki/Airplane" title="Airplane">planes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>international airport</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">airport</a> with <a href="/wiki/Customs" title="Customs">customs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Border_control" title="Border control">border control</a> facilities enabling passengers to travel between <a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">countries</a>. International airports are usually larger than <a href="/wiki/Domestic_airport" title="Domestic airport">domestic airports</a>, and feature longer <a href="/wiki/Runway" title="Runway">runways</a> and have facilities to accommodate heavier aircraft such as the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A380" title="Airbus A380">Airbus A380</a> commonly used for international and intercontinental travel. International airports often host <a href="/wiki/Domestic_flight" title="Domestic flight">domestic flights</a>, which helps feed both passengers and cargo into international ones (and vice versa). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_Santa_Marta_-_Aeropuerto_Internacional_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/2019_Santa_Marta_-_Aeropuerto_Internacional_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar.jpg/220px-2019_Santa_Marta_-_Aeropuerto_Internacional_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/2019_Santa_Marta_-_Aeropuerto_Internacional_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar.jpg/330px-2019_Santa_Marta_-_Aeropuerto_Internacional_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/2019_Santa_Marta_-_Aeropuerto_Internacional_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar.jpg/440px-2019_Santa_Marta_-_Aeropuerto_Internacional_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3333" /></a><figcaption>Renovated <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar_International_Airport_(Colombia)" title="Simón Bolívar International Airport (Colombia)">Simón Bolívar International Airport</a> in 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Buildings, operations, and management have become increasingly sophisticated since the mid-20th century, when international airports began to provide infrastructure for international civilian flights. Detailed technical standards have been developed to ensure safety and common <a href="/wiki/Airline_codes" title="Airline codes">coding systems</a> implemented to provide global consistency. The physical structures that serve millions of individual passengers and flights are among the most complex and interconnected in the world. By the second decade of the 21st century, over 1,200 international<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> airports existed with around 3.8 billion<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> international passengers as of January 2023 along with 50 million<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> metric tonnes of cargo passing through them annually. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flying_boats_at_Rose_Bay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flying_boats_at_Rose_Bay.jpg/280px-Flying_boats_at_Rose_Bay.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flying_boats_at_Rose_Bay.jpg/420px-Flying_boats_at_Rose_Bay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flying_boats_at_Rose_Bay.jpg/560px-Flying_boats_at_Rose_Bay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="844" /></a><figcaption> <i><a href="/wiki/Qantas_Empire_Airways" class="mw-redirect" title="Qantas Empire Airways">Qantas Empire Airways</a></i> International <a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">Short Empire</a> flying boat services arriving at <a href="/wiki/Rose_Bay,_New_South_Wales" title="Rose Bay, New South Wales">Rose Bay</a>, Sydney (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1939</span>)</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 1919, <a href="/wiki/Hounslow_Heath_Aerodrome" title="Hounslow Heath Aerodrome">Hounslow Heath Aerodrome</a>, in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, was the first airport to operate scheduled international commercial services. It was closed and supplanted by <a href="/wiki/Croydon_Airport" title="Croydon Airport">Croydon Airport</a> in March 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-bluffield_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bluffield-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Municipal_Airport_(Arizona)" title="Douglas Municipal Airport (Arizona)">Douglas Municipal Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> became the first international airport of the Americas in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-douglas_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-douglas-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The precursors to international airports were airfields or <a href="/wiki/Aerodrome" title="Aerodrome">aerodromes</a>. In the early days of <a href="/wiki/International_flight" title="International flight">international flights</a>, infrastructure was limited, "although if engine problems arose there were plenty of places where aircraft could land".<sup id="cite_ref-stackhouse_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stackhouse-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since four-engined land planes were unavailable for over-water operations to international destinations, flying boats became part of the solution. At the far end of the longest international route (which became the <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_Route" title="Kangaroo Route">Kangaroo Route</a>), on-water landing areas were found in places such as <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a> and in the open sea off <a href="/wiki/Kupang" title="Kupang">Kupang</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rose_Bay,_New_South_Wales" title="Rose Bay, New South Wales">Rose Bay, New South Wales</a>, was chosen as the flying-boat landing area.<sup id="cite_ref-stackhouse_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stackhouse-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>International airports sometimes serve military as well as commercial purposes and their viability is also affected by technological developments. <a href="/wiki/Canton_Island_Airport" title="Canton Island Airport">Canton Island Airport</a>, for example, in the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands" title="Phoenix Islands">Phoenix Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a>), after serving as a military airport during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, was used as a refuelling stop by commercial aircraft such as <a href="/wiki/Qantas" title="Qantas">Qantas</a> which stationed ground crew there in the late 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The advent in the early 1960s of jet aircraft such as the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707</a> with the range to fly non-stop between <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> or <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, meant that a mid-Pacific stop was no longer needed and the airport was closed to regular commercial use. Other international airports, such as <a href="/wiki/Kai_Tak_Airport" title="Kai Tak Airport">Kai Tak Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, have been decommissioned and replaced when they reached capacity or technological advances rendered them inadequate.<sup id="cite_ref-Hafer_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hafer-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_construction">Design and construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design and construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OH-LVC_(33096652903).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/OH-LVC_%2833096652903%29.jpg/220px-OH-LVC_%2833096652903%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/OH-LVC_%2833096652903%29.jpg/330px-OH-LVC_%2833096652903%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/OH-LVC_%2833096652903%29.jpg/440px-OH-LVC_%2833096652903%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Finnair" title="Finnair">Finnair</a> <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A319" title="Airbus A319">Airbus A319</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Airport" title="Helsinki Airport">Helsinki Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vantaa" title="Vantaa">Vantaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>. Terminal expansion construction site in the background.</figcaption></figure> <p>The construction and operation of an international airport depends on a complicated set of decisions that are affected by technology, politics, economics and geography as well as both local and international law.<sup id="cite_ref-Feldman_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feldman-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Regs_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Salter_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salter-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designing an airport even for domestic traffic or as "non-hub" has, from the beginning, required extensive co-ordination between users and interested parties – architects, engineers, managers and staff all need to be involved.<sup id="cite_ref-Planning_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planning-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-QC_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QC-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Airports may also be regarded as emblematic of national pride and so the design may be architecturally ambitious. An example was the planned <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_City_international_airport" class="mw-redirect" title="New Mexico City international airport">New Mexico City international airport</a>, intended to replace an airport that has reached capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-Luhnow_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luhnow-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Airports can be towered or <a href="/wiki/Non-towered_airport" title="Non-towered airport">non-towered</a>, depending on air traffic density and available funds. Because of high capacity and busy <a href="/wiki/Airspace" title="Airspace">airspace</a>, many international airports have air traffic control located on site. </p><p>Some international airports require construction of additional <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructure</a> outside of the airport, such as at the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport" title="Hong Kong International Airport">Hong Kong International Airport</a>, which included the construction of a high-speed railway and automobile <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">expressway</a> to connect the airport to the urban areas of Hong Kong. Construction of the expressway included the construction of two bridges (the Tsing Ma suspension bridge and Kap Shui Mun cable bridge) and the Ma Wan <a href="/wiki/Viaduct" title="Viaduct">viaduct</a> on Ma Wan island to connect the bridges. Each bridge carries rail and automobile traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-ICEpage3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICEpage3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations_and_management">Operations and management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Operations and management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Display_Screen_At_A_Paris_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Display_Screen_At_A_Paris_Airport.jpg/220px-Display_Screen_At_A_Paris_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Display_Screen_At_A_Paris_Airport.jpg/330px-Display_Screen_At_A_Paris_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Display_Screen_At_A_Paris_Airport.jpg/440px-Display_Screen_At_A_Paris_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Flight_information_display_system" title="Flight information display system">flight information display system</a> screen at <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport" title="Charles de Gaulle Airport">Charles de Gaulle Airport</a>'s Terminal 2 showing flight arrivals</figcaption></figure> <p>International airports have commercial relationships with and provide services to airlines and passengers from around the world. Many also serve as <a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">hubs</a>, or places where non-direct flights may land and passengers may switch planes, while others serve primarily direct <a href="/wiki/Point-to-point_transit" title="Point-to-point transit">point-to-point</a> flights. This affects airport design factors, including the number and placement of terminals as well as the flow of passengers and baggage between different areas of the airport. An airport specializing in point-to-point transit can have international and domestic terminals, each in their separate building equipped with separate <a href="/wiki/Baggage_handling_system" title="Baggage handling system">baggage handling facilities</a>. In a hub airport, however, spaces and services are shared.<sup id="cite_ref-Janic2010_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janic2010-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Airport management have to take into account a wide range of factors, among which are the performance of airlines, the technical requirements of aircraft, airport-airline relationships, services for travelling customers, security and environmental impacts.<sup id="cite_ref-Graham_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graham-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standards">Standards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Technical standards for safety and operating procedures at international airports are set by international agreements. The <a href="/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association" title="International Air Transport Association">International Air Transport Association</a> (IATA), formed in 1945, is the association of the airline companies. The <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a> (ICAO) is a body of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> succeeding earlier international committees going back to 1903. These two organizations served to create regulations over airports which the airports themselves had no authority to debate. This eventually sparked an entire subject of air travel politics. In January 1948, 19 representatives from various US commercial airports met for the first time in New York City to seek resolution to common problems they each faced, which initiated the formation of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Airport_Operators_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airport Operators Council (page does not exist)">Airport Operators Council</a>, which later became <a href="/wiki/Airports_Council_International" title="Airports Council International">Airports Council International</a> – North America (ACI-NA). This group included representatives from <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacksonville">Jacksonville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City">Kansas City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis-Saint_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Minneapolis-Saint Paul">Minneapolis-Saint Paul</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iata_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iata-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flight_logistics">Flight logistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Flight logistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>International airports have extensive operations in managing flight <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">logistics</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">air traffic control</a>. The latter service is provided by ground-based <a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_controller" title="Air traffic controller">controllers</a> who coordinate and direct aircraft on the ground and through controlled airspace. Air traffic control also provides advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace.<sup id="cite_ref-ARTE_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARTE-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Customs_and_immigration">Customs and immigration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Customs and immigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DublinAirport31mar2007-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DublinAirport31mar2007-01.jpg/220px-DublinAirport31mar2007-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DublinAirport31mar2007-01.jpg/330px-DublinAirport31mar2007-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DublinAirport31mar2007-01.jpg/440px-DublinAirport31mar2007-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2666" data-file-height="1742" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Irish</a> <a href="/wiki/Border_checkpoint" title="Border checkpoint">Passport inspection</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Airport" title="Dublin Airport">Dublin Airport</a> (2007)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CBP_International_Travel_Preclearance_Operations_in_Canada_(26003271678).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/CBP_International_Travel_Preclearance_Operations_in_Canada_%2826003271678%29.jpg/220px-CBP_International_Travel_Preclearance_Operations_in_Canada_%2826003271678%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/CBP_International_Travel_Preclearance_Operations_in_Canada_%2826003271678%29.jpg/330px-CBP_International_Travel_Preclearance_Operations_in_Canada_%2826003271678%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/CBP_International_Travel_Preclearance_Operations_in_Canada_%2826003271678%29.jpg/440px-CBP_International_Travel_Preclearance_Operations_in_Canada_%2826003271678%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>US and Canadian custom agents</figcaption></figure> <p>Airports with international flights have customs and <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a> facilities, which allow right of entry. These change over time but are generally designated by law.<sup id="cite_ref-Bennett_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bennett-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as some countries have agreements that allow connecting flights without customs and immigrations, such facilities do not define an international airport. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security_and_safety">Security and safety</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Security and safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shannon1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Shannon1.jpg/220px-Shannon1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Shannon1.jpg/330px-Shannon1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Shannon1.jpg/440px-Shannon1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>At <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Airport" title="Shannon Airport">Shannon Airport</a>, travelers to the United States can "<a href="/wiki/United_States_border_preclearance" title="United States border preclearance">pre-clear</a>" U.S. immigration (2008)</figcaption></figure> <p>The current trend of enhancing <a href="/wiki/Airport_security" title="Airport security">security</a> at the cost of passenger and baggage handling efficiency at international airports is expected to continue in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-St.John_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St.John-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Moore_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This places financial burden on airports, risks the flow of servicing processes, and has implications for the privacy of passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-Janic2010_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janic2010-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International flights often require a higher level of physical security than do <a href="/wiki/Domestic_airports" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic airports">domestic airports</a>, although in recent years, many countries have adopted the same level of security for both. </p><p>Most international airports feature a "sterile lounge", an area after security checkpoints within which passengers are free to move without further security checks. This area can have services such as duty-free shops that sell goods that have been selected and screened with safety in mind, so that purchasing and bringing them on board flights poses no security risks. In addition to employees, only processed passengers with a valid ticket are allowed inside the sterile lounge. Admittance into the sterile area is done in centralized security checkpoints in contrast to e.g. individual checkpoints at each <a href="/wiki/Gate_(airport)" title="Gate (airport)">gate</a>. This allows for more efficient processing of passengers with fewer staff, as well as makes it possible to detect both delays and security threats well ahead of <a href="/wiki/Boarding_(transport)" title="Boarding (transport)">boarding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wallis2003_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallis2003-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To ensure the viability of airport operations, new and innovative security systems are being developed. For instance, the old security checkpoints can be replaced by a "total security area" encompassing an entire airport, coupled with automatic surveillance of passengers from the moment they enter the airport until they embark on a plane.<sup id="cite_ref-Janic2010_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janic2010-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Passengers connecting to domestic flights from an international flight generally must take their checked luggage through customs and re-check their luggage at the domestic airline counter, requiring extra time in the process. In some cases in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, luggage can be transferred to the final destination even if it is a domestic connection. </p><p>In some cases, travelers and the aircraft can clear customs and immigration at the departure airport. An example of this would be that some airports in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, along with several other countries, have <a href="/wiki/United_States_border_preclearance" title="United States border preclearance">United States border preclearance</a> facilities. This allows flights from those airports to fly into US airports that do not have customs and immigration facilities. Luggage from such flights can also be transferred to a final destination in the U.S. through the <a href="/wiki/Airport_of_entry" class="mw-redirect" title="Airport of entry">airport of entry</a>. </p><p>A crucial safety aspect of international airports is medical facilities and practices. In particular, controlling <a href="/wiki/Transmissible_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmissible disease">transmissible disease</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/SARS" title="SARS">SARS</a>, is deemed important at international airports.<sup id="cite_ref-mult_WHO-_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mult_WHO--25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While these standards are regulated by <a href="/wiki/ICAO" class="mw-redirect" title="ICAO">ICAO</a> <a href="/wiki/Standards_And_Recommended_Practices" class="mw-redirect" title="Standards And Recommended Practices">Standards And Recommended Practices</a> (SARPs) and <a href="/wiki/WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/International_Health_Regulations" title="International Health Regulations">International Health Regulations</a> (IHR), local authorities have considerable say in how they are implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-ICAOFAQ_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICAOFAQ-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the most important airport services are further transportation connections, including rail networks, taxi and shuttle services at curbside pick-up areas, and public buses.<sup id="cite_ref-SFIPTA_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFIPTA-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large areas for automobile <a href="/wiki/Parking" title="Parking">parking</a>, often in co-located <a href="/wiki/Multi-storey_car_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-storey car park">multi-storey car parks</a>, are also typical to find at airports. Some airports provide shuttle services to parking garages for passengers and airport employees.<sup id="cite_ref-SFIPTA_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFIPTA-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the very large scale of international airports, some have constructed shuttle services to transport passengers between terminals.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such systems operate for example, in <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Changi_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Singapore Changi Airport">Singapore Changi Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Airport" title="Zurich Airport">Zurich Airport</a>. </p><p>At some U.S. international airports, such as <a href="/wiki/O%27Hare_International_Airport" title="O'Hare International Airport">O'Hare International Airport</a> in Chicago, some seating and waiting areas are located away from the terminal building, with passengers being shuttled to terminals.<sup id="cite_ref-SFIPTA_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFIPTA-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These areas may be referred to as ground transportation centers or intermodal centers.<sup id="cite_ref-SFIPTA_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFIPTA-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amenities at ground transportation centers typically include restrooms and seating, and may also provide ticket counters, food and beverage sales and retail goods such as magazines.<sup id="cite_ref-SFIPTA_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFIPTA-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some ground transportation centers have heating and air conditioning and covered boarding areas<sup id="cite_ref-SFIPTA_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFIPTA-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (to protect passengers from the elements). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Madrid_5.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="An internal motorized moving footway to transport passengers within Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport, Spain"><img alt="An internal motorized moving footway to transport passengers within Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport, Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Madrid_5.JPG/200px-Madrid_5.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Madrid_5.JPG/300px-Madrid_5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Madrid_5.JPG/400px-Madrid_5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An internal motorized <a href="/wiki/Moving_walkway" title="Moving walkway">moving footway</a> to transport passengers within <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez_Madrid%E2%80%93Barajas_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport">Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport</a>, Spain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CairoIntlAirportTerminal3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Curbside passenger pick up area at Terminal 3 Cairo International Airport, Egypt"><img alt="Curbside passenger pick up area at Terminal 3 Cairo International Airport, Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/CairoIntlAirportTerminal3.jpg/220px-CairoIntlAirportTerminal3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/CairoIntlAirportTerminal3.jpg/330px-CairoIntlAirportTerminal3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/CairoIntlAirportTerminal3.jpg/440px-CairoIntlAirportTerminal3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Curbside passenger pick up area at Terminal 3 <a href="/wiki/Cairo_International_Airport" title="Cairo International Airport">Cairo International Airport</a>, Egypt</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cdgval_val208_gareTGV_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rail service at Terminal 2 of Charles de Gaulle Airport in France"><img alt="Rail service at Terminal 2 of Charles de Gaulle Airport in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cdgval_val208_gareTGV_3.jpg/200px-Cdgval_val208_gareTGV_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cdgval_val208_gareTGV_3.jpg/300px-Cdgval_val208_gareTGV_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cdgval_val208_gareTGV_3.jpg/400px-Cdgval_val208_gareTGV_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rail service at Terminal 2 of <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport" title="Charles de Gaulle Airport">Charles de Gaulle Airport</a> in France</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Services_and_amenities">Services and amenities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Services and amenities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Standard amenities include public restrooms, passenger waiting areas and retail stores for dining and shopping,<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Duty-free_shop" title="Duty-free shop">duty-free shops</a>. Dining establishments may be consolidated in <a href="/wiki/Food_court" title="Food court">food courts</a>. Some international airports may offer retail sales of <a href="/wiki/Luxury_goods" title="Luxury goods">luxury goods</a> at duty-free stores. <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> service and access, offices for <a href="/wiki/Bureaux_de_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureaux de change">bureau de change</a> (<a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currency</a> exchange) and <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> advice are common, although the availability of service varies across airports. Some international airports provide secure areas for stranded passengers to rest and sleep. The more usual service is hotels that are available on the premises. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tel_Aviv,_Ben_Gurion_Airport,_Departure_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duty-free shops at Ben Gurion International Airport in Tel Aviv, Israel (2012)"><img alt="Duty-free shops at Ben Gurion International Airport in Tel Aviv, Israel (2012)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tel_Aviv%2C_Ben_Gurion_Airport%2C_Departure_Hall.jpg/200px-Tel_Aviv%2C_Ben_Gurion_Airport%2C_Departure_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tel_Aviv%2C_Ben_Gurion_Airport%2C_Departure_Hall.jpg/300px-Tel_Aviv%2C_Ben_Gurion_Airport%2C_Departure_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tel_Aviv%2C_Ben_Gurion_Airport%2C_Departure_Hall.jpg/400px-Tel_Aviv%2C_Ben_Gurion_Airport%2C_Departure_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Duty-free shops at <a href="/wiki/Ben_Gurion_Airport" title="Ben Gurion Airport">Ben Gurion International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, Israel (2012)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cots_for_stranded_passengers_-_O%27Hare_International_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="For passengers stranded overnight, secure area at O'Hare International Airport with dimmed lights, cots, pillows, blankets, and toiletries (2008)[29]"><img alt="For passengers stranded overnight, secure area at O'Hare International Airport with dimmed lights, cots, pillows, blankets, and toiletries (2008)[29]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cots_for_stranded_passengers_-_O%27Hare_International_Airport.jpg/200px-Cots_for_stranded_passengers_-_O%27Hare_International_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cots_for_stranded_passengers_-_O%27Hare_International_Airport.jpg/300px-Cots_for_stranded_passengers_-_O%27Hare_International_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cots_for_stranded_passengers_-_O%27Hare_International_Airport.jpg/400px-Cots_for_stranded_passengers_-_O%27Hare_International_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">For passengers stranded overnight, secure area at O'Hare International Airport with dimmed lights, cots, pillows, blankets, and toiletries (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hong_Kong_International_Airport,_Terminal_1,_Food_Court_in_the_Restricted_Area_(Hong_Kong).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The food court in the restricted area of Terminal 1 at Hong Kong International Airport (2013)"><img alt="The food court in the restricted area of Terminal 1 at Hong Kong International Airport (2013)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hong_Kong_International_Airport%2C_Terminal_1%2C_Food_Court_in_the_Restricted_Area_%28Hong_Kong%29.jpg/220px-Hong_Kong_International_Airport%2C_Terminal_1%2C_Food_Court_in_the_Restricted_Area_%28Hong_Kong%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hong_Kong_International_Airport%2C_Terminal_1%2C_Food_Court_in_the_Restricted_Area_%28Hong_Kong%29.jpg/330px-Hong_Kong_International_Airport%2C_Terminal_1%2C_Food_Court_in_the_Restricted_Area_%28Hong_Kong%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hong_Kong_International_Airport%2C_Terminal_1%2C_Food_Court_in_the_Restricted_Area_%28Hong_Kong%29.jpg/440px-Hong_Kong_International_Airport%2C_Terminal_1%2C_Food_Court_in_the_Restricted_Area_%28Hong_Kong%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4067" data-file-height="2707" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The food court in the restricted area of Terminal 1 at Hong Kong International Airport (2013)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Customer_satisfaction_awards">Customer satisfaction awards</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Customer satisfaction awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The World Airport Awards are voted by consumers in an independent global customer satisfaction survey. <a href="/wiki/Changi_Airport" title="Changi Airport">Singapore Changi Airport</a> was the first-place winner in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other winners include <a href="/wiki/Incheon_International_Airport" title="Incheon International Airport">Incheon International Airport</a> (South Korea) and <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol" title="Amsterdam Airport Schiphol">Amsterdam Airport Schiphol</a> (The Netherlands).<sup id="cite_ref-WAA_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WAA-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Airport_names">Airport names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Airport names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hartsfield-Jackson_overview.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hartsfield-Jackson_overview.jpg/220px-Hartsfield-Jackson_overview.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hartsfield-Jackson_overview.jpg/330px-Hartsfield-Jackson_overview.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hartsfield-Jackson_overview.jpg/440px-Hartsfield-Jackson_overview.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption>Birds-eye view of <a href="/wiki/Hartsfield-Jackson_Atlanta_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport">Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport</a> in October 2004</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KSIA-Passenger-Terminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/KSIA-Passenger-Terminal.jpg/220px-KSIA-Passenger-Terminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/KSIA-Passenger-Terminal.jpg/330px-KSIA-Passenger-Terminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/KSIA-Passenger-Terminal.jpg/440px-KSIA-Passenger-Terminal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The front view of the <a href="/wiki/King_Shaka_International_Airport" title="King Shaka International Airport">King Shaka International Airport</a>'s main terminal building in May 2010</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_777-224-ER,_United_Airlines_(Continental_Airlines)_AN1857478.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Boeing_777-224-ER%2C_United_Airlines_%28Continental_Airlines%29_AN1857478.jpg/220px-Boeing_777-224-ER%2C_United_Airlines_%28Continental_Airlines%29_AN1857478.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Boeing_777-224-ER%2C_United_Airlines_%28Continental_Airlines%29_AN1857478.jpg/330px-Boeing_777-224-ER%2C_United_Airlines_%28Continental_Airlines%29_AN1857478.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Boeing_777-224-ER%2C_United_Airlines_%28Continental_Airlines%29_AN1857478.jpg/440px-Boeing_777-224-ER%2C_United_Airlines_%28Continental_Airlines%29_AN1857478.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> <a href="/wiki/Boeing_777" title="Boeing 777">Boeing 777-200</a> taking off from <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport" title="Frankfurt Airport">Frankfurt Airport</a> in January 2011</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">Toponymy</a> is one of the most common sources for the naming of airports. A number of areas close to them have lent their names, including villages, estates, city districts, historical areas and regions, islands and even a waterfall. Sometimes the toponym is combined with or renamed to incorporate another name from another source such as from one of the following: </p> <ul><li><b>Athletes</b> such as <a href="/wiki/George_Best_Belfast_City_Airport" title="George Best Belfast City Airport">George Best Belfast City Airport</a> in Belfast, Northern Ireland.</li> <li><b>Aviators</b> such as pilots (civil and military) and others who played a role in the development of aviation- like <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Chavez_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Jorge Chavez International Airport">Jorge Chavez International Airport</a> in Lima, Peru, named after Peruvian-French pilot <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Chavez" class="mw-redirect" title="Jorge Chavez">Jorge Chavez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Kingsford_Smith_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Kingsford Smith Airport">Sydney Kingsford Smith Airport</a>, named after Australian aviator <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingsford_Smith" title="Charles Kingsford Smith">Charles Kingsford Smith</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Sabiha_G%C3%B6k%C3%A7en_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport">Sabiha Gökçen International Airport</a> named from Turkish Female Pilot <a href="/wiki/Sabiha_G%C3%B6k%C3%A7en" title="Sabiha Gökçen">Sabiha Gökçen</a></li> <li><b>Cultural leaders</b> (poets, artists, writers, musicians) - like the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport" title="Liverpool John Lennon Airport">John Lennon Airport</a> in the English city of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, where <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> came from, <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Hernandez_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafael Hernandez Airport">Rafael Hernandez Airport</a> in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, named for Puerto Rican singer and actor <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Mar%C3%ADn" title="Rafael Hernández Marín">Rafael Hernandez</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong_New_Orleans_International_Airport" title="Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport">Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans, Louisiana</a>, named for jazz artist <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a>.</li> <li><b>Ethnic groups</b>, such as <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_International_Airport" title="Minangkabau International Airport">Minangkabau International Airport</a> in Padang, Indonesia, named after the local <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau people</a>.</li> <li><b>Ideals</b> in combination with toponyms, such as <a href="/wiki/Newark_Liberty_International_Airport" title="Newark Liberty International Airport">Newark Liberty International Airport</a>.</li> <li><b>Mythology and religion</b>, such as heroes of epics and myths, church hierarchs and saints and similar names. A notable example of this is <a href="/wiki/El_Dorado_International_Airport" title="El Dorado International Airport">El Dorado International Airport</a>.</li> <li><b>Politicians and statesmen</b> such as the <a href="/wiki/O._R._Tambo_International_Airport" title="O. R. Tambo International Airport">O. R. Tambo International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> which was named after <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Tambo" title="Oliver Tambo">O.R. Tambo</a> who was a South African anti-<a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino_International_Airport" title="Ninoy Aquino International Airport">Ninoy Aquino International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> to honour the former <a href="/wiki/Senator_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Senator of the Philippines">Senator of the Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Benigno Aquino Jr.">Benigno Aquino Jr.</a> who was <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Benigno_Aquino_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr.">assassinated</a> at the exact airport in 1983. Some airports have been named after dictators during their dictatorship; such is the case of the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Mugabe International Airport">Robert Mugabe International Airport</a> in Harare, Zimbabwe, named after <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a>, and, in the past <a href="/wiki/Saddam_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddam International Airport">Saddam International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad,_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad, Iraq">Baghdad, Iraq</a>, so named after <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>. Some airports was International formerly like <a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk_Airport" title="Atatürk Airport">Atatürk International Airport</a> named from founding father of the <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Republic of Türkiye</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a>. More notable examples are two of the three New York City airports: <a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia Airport</a> (named after Mayor <a href="/wiki/Fiorello_LaGuardia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiorello LaGuardia">Fiorello LaGuardia</a>) and <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a> (named after <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">the 35th President of the United States</a>). In addition, the world’s busiest airport, <a href="/wiki/Hartsfield-Jackson_Atlanta_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport">Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport</a>, was named after two former mayors: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Hartsfield" title="William B. Hartsfield">William B. Hartsfield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maynard_Jackson" title="Maynard Jackson">Maynard Jackson</a>.</li> <li><b>Public figures</b> (advocates, engineers, doctors, teachers, journalists or sportspeople), such as <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_Airport" title="John Wayne Airport">John Wayne Airport</a>, named after <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">an actor</a>.</li> <li><b>Royalty</b> (kings, queens) such as <a href="/wiki/King_Shaka_International_Airport" title="King Shaka International Airport">King Shaka International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> which was named after <a href="/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka">King Shaka</a> who was one of the most influential <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarchs</a> of the Zulu Kingdom.</li> <li><b>Scientists</b> such as <a href="/wiki/Pisa_International_Airport" title="Pisa International Airport">Galileo Galilei Airport</a> in Pisa which was named after <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>.</li></ul> <p>A study found that 44 percent of the world's international airports are named by toponyms: named for politicians (thirty percent), aviators (seven percent), mythology and religion (three percent), public figures (two percent), people of science (two percent) and other (one percent).<sup id="cite_ref-peskov_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peskov-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Airports also use an <a href="/wiki/IATA_airport_code" title="IATA airport code">IATA</a>-3 letter code to abbreviate the names of all the international airports. Some airports are nicknamed after these codes, such as <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">JFK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltimore/Washington_International_Thurgood_Marshall_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport">BWI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dallas-Fort_Worth_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport">DFW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">LAX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pearson_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearson International Airport">YYZ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci%E2%80%93Fiumicino_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport">FCO</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles de Gaulle International Airport">CDG</a>. </p><p>An "international airport" can be named as such by simply containing customs and border control facilities to enable international flights, regardless of whether international flights currently operate to or from the airport. For example, a <a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</a> facility has been in place at <a href="/wiki/Bozeman_Yellowstone_International_Airport" title="Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport">Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport</a> since July 1, 2012, but no scheduled international flights have been inaugurated to or from Bozeman since. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_airports">Notable airports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notable airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_historical_event">By historical event</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: By historical event"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>1919</b> (August) <a href="/wiki/Hounslow_Heath_Aerodrome" title="Hounslow Heath Aerodrome">Hounslow Heath Aerodrome</a> begins operating scheduled international commercial services from England to France.</li> <li><b>1933</b> Douglas International Airport in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> is honored by <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a> as "the first international airport of the Americas", having reached this capacity in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-douglas_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-douglas-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_passenger_numbers">By passenger numbers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: By passenger numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>As of 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Hartsfield%E2%80%93Jackson_Atlanta_International_Airport" title="Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport">Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport</a> had the greatest number of travelers of all international airports with 107 million passengers, more than Beijing Capital International with 100 million passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-ACI_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACI-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles International Airport</a> is considered to have the greatest number of passengers who start or end their travel there as opposed to continuing on to a connecting flight. Overall, LAX is considered to be the 7th busiest airport in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-lax-stats_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lax-stats-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubai_International_Airport" title="Dubai International Airport">Dubai International Airport</a> is the busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic, with 83,105,798 international passengers. Dubai is the third busiest airport worldwide.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard_Airport" title="Svalbard Airport">Svalbard Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> is the northernmost airport to which tourists can book tickets. It is primarily used for transporting miners to and from a cluster of islands with a heavy mining industry.<sup id="cite_ref-strange9_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-strange9-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Fahd_International_Airport" title="King Fahd International Airport">King Fahd International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dammam" title="Dammam">Dammam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> is the largest airport in the world, encompassing over 300 square miles (780 km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-strange15_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-strange15-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The world's longest active scheduled passenger flight by <a href="/wiki/Great-circle_distance" title="Great-circle distance">great-circle distance</a> operates between <a href="/wiki/Changi_Airport" title="Changi Airport">Changi Airport</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>) and <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a> (in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City, United States</a>); the great-circle distance between the two airports is 15,349 kilometres (9,537 mi; 8,288 nmi).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports" title="List of the busiest airports">List of the busiest airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Europe" title="List of the busiest airports in Europe">List of the busiest airports in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_the_Nordic_countries" title="List of the busiest airports in the Nordic countries">List of the busiest airports in the Nordic countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_airports_by_country" title="List of international airports by country">List of international airports by country</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://centreforaviation.com/analysis/reports/the-worlds-airports-the-state-of-the-industry-in-jan-2023-in-11-numbers-635413">"The world's airports – the state of the industry in Jan-2023 in 11 numbers"</a>. <i>CAPA - Centre for Aviation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CAPA+-+Centre+for+Aviation&rft.atitle=The+world%27s+airports+%E2%80%93+the+state+of+the+industry+in+Jan-2023+in+11+numbers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcentreforaviation.com%2Fanalysis%2Freports%2Fthe-worlds-airports-the-state-of-the-industry-in-jan-2023-in-11-numbers-635413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bluffield-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bluffield_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBluffield2009" class="citation book cs1">Bluffield, Robert (2009). <i>Imperial Airways: the birth of the British airline industry 1914–1940</i>. Hersham [England]: Ian Allan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906537-07-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906537-07-4"><bdi>978-1-906537-07-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Airways%3A+the+birth+of+the+British+airline+industry+1914%E2%80%931940&rft.place=Hersham+%5BEngland%5D&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-906537-07-4&rft.aulast=Bluffield&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLearmonth,_BobCluett,_DouglasNash,_Joanna1977" class="citation cs2">Learmonth, Bob; Cluett, Douglas; Nash, Joanna (1977), <i>A history of Croydon Airport</i>, Sutton Libraries and Arts Services</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+Croydon+Airport&rft.pub=Sutton+Libraries+and+Arts+Services&rft.date=1977&rft.au=Learmonth%2C+Bob&rft.au=Cluett%2C+Douglas&rft.au=Nash%2C+Joanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-douglas-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-douglas_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-douglas_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlaskey2008" class="citation web cs1">Blaskey, Larry (6 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191014044131/https://www.douglasdispatch.com/news/article_2cf96a31-c9a1-5334-a30d-87f564c96b36.html">"Eleanor Roosevelt's trip to Douglas remembered"</a>. <i>Douglas Dispatch</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.douglasdispatch.com/news/article_2cf96a31-c9a1-5334-a30d-87f564c96b36.html">the original</a> on 14 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Douglas+Dispatch&rft.atitle=Eleanor+Roosevelt%27s+trip+to+Douglas+remembered&rft.date=2008-06-06&rft.aulast=Blaskey&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.douglasdispatch.com%2Fnews%2Farticle_2cf96a31-c9a1-5334-a30d-87f564c96b36.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stackhouse-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stackhouse_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stackhouse_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStackhouse1995" class="citation book cs1">Stackhouse, John (1995). <i>--from the dawn of aviation : The Qantas Story, 1920-1995</i>. Double Bay, NSW: Focus Pub. pp. 57, 66–71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875359-23-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-875359-23-0"><bdi>1-875359-23-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=--from+the+dawn+of+aviation+%3A+The+Qantas+Story%2C+1920-1995&rft.place=Double+Bay%2C+NSW&rft.pages=57%2C+66-71&rft.pub=Focus+Pub.&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-875359-23-0&rft.aulast=Stackhouse&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walker, Howell. "Air Age Brings Life to Canton Island". The <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Magazine">National Geographic Magazine</a>: January 1955, pp. 117-132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hafer-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hafer_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHafer" class="citation journal cs1">Hafer, JR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140723130756/http://20thcenturyaviationmagazine.com/jr-hafer-2/kai-tak-airport-hong-kong/">"Kai Tak Airport Hong Kong"</a>. <i>20th Century Aviation Magazine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://20thcenturyaviationmagazine.com/jr-hafer-2/kai-tak-airport-hong-kong/">the original</a> on 23 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=20th+Century+Aviation+Magazine&rft.atitle=Kai+Tak+Airport+Hong+Kong&rft.aulast=Hafer&rft.aufirst=JR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F20thcenturyaviationmagazine.com%2Fjr-hafer-2%2Fkai-tak-airport-hong-kong%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/199807/06/0706023.htm">Farewell speech for Kai Tak (6 July 1998)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Feldman-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Feldman_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldman1982" class="citation book cs1">Feldman, Elliot J. and Jerome Milch (1982). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/technocracyversu0000feld1982"><i>Technology versus democracy: the comparative politics of international airports</i></a></span>. Boston, Massachusetts: Auburn House Pub. Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86569-063-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-86569-063-4"><bdi>0-86569-063-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technology+versus+democracy%3A+the+comparative+politics+of+international+airports&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Auburn+House+Pub.+Co.&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-86569-063-4&rft.aulast=Feldman&rft.aufirst=Elliot+J.+and+Jerome+Milch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftechnocracyversu0000feld1982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Regs-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Regs_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Regulatory implications of the allocation of flight departure and arrival slots at international airports</i>. Montreal, Canada: International Civil Aviation Organization. 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regulatory+implications+of+the+allocation+of+flight+departure+and+arrival+slots+at+international+airports&rft.place=Montreal%2C+Canada&rft.pub=International+Civil+Aviation+Organization&rft.date=2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salter-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Salter_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalter2008" class="citation book cs1">Salter, Mark B. (2008). <i>Politics at the airport</i> ([Online-Ausg.] ed.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-5014-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-5014-9"><bdi>978-0-8166-5014-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+at+the+airport&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.edition=%5BOnline-Ausg.%5D&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-5014-9&rft.aulast=Salter&rft.aufirst=Mark+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams,_Alan,_1934-" class="citation cs2">Williams, Alan, 1934-, <i>Developing strategies for the modern international airport : East Asia and beyond / by Alan Williams</i>, Ashgate Pub. Co</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Developing+strategies+for+the+modern+international+airport+%3A+East+Asia+and+beyond+%2F+by+Alan+Williams&rft.pub=Ashgate+Pub.+Co&rft.au=Williams%2C+Alan%2C+1934-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Planning-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Planning_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS111114">"Planning and design of airport terminal building facilities at nonhub locations"</a>. United States Federal Aviation Administration. 1980<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Planning+and+design+of+airport+terminal+building+facilities+at+nonhub+locations&rft.pub=United+States+Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft.date=1980&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.access.gpo.gov%2FGPO%2FLPS111114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-QC-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-QC_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS111170">"Quality control of construction for airport grant projects"</a>. U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quality+control+of+construction+for+airport+grant+projects&rft.pub=U.S.+Dept.+of+Transportation%2C+Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.access.gpo.gov%2FGPO%2FLPS111170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luhnow-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Luhnow_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuhnow2014" class="citation news cs1">Luhnow, David (2 September 2014). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.wsj.com/articles/mexico-plans-new-9-2-billion-airport-1409676782">"Mexico Plans New $9.2 Billion Airport"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Mexico+Plans+New+%249.2+Billion+Airport&rft.date=2014-09-02&rft.aulast=Luhnow&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fmexico-plans-new-9-2-billion-airport-1409676782&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICEpage3-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ICEpage3_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTelford1998" class="citation techreport cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Telford, Thomas (1 November 1998). "transport links". <i>Hong Kong International Airport</i> (Technical report). Vol. Supplement of Volume 126 (Special Issue 2 ed.). Journals Leon Heward-Mills for Institution of Civil Engineers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Hong+Kong+International+Airport&rft.edition=Special+Issue+2&rft.pub=Journals+Leon+Heward-Mills+for+Institution+of+Civil+Engineers&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.aulast=Telford&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Janic2010-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Janic2010_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janic2010_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janic2010_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanić2010" class="citation book cs1">Janić, Milan (February 2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10680982"><i>Airport Analysis, Planning and Design: Demand, Capacity, and Congestion</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Nova_Science_Publishers" title="Nova Science Publishers">Nova Science Publishers</a>. pp. 51–52, 248. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61761-560-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61761-560-3"><bdi>978-1-61761-560-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Airport+Analysis%2C+Planning+and+Design%3A+Demand%2C+Capacity%2C+and+Congestion&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=51-52%2C+248&rft.pub=Nova+Science+Publishers&rft.date=2010-02&rft.isbn=978-1-61761-560-3&rft.aulast=Jani%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Milan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsite.ebrary.com%2Flib%2Falltitles%2FdocDetail.action%3FdocID%3D10680982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graham-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Graham_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2003" class="citation book cs1">Graham, Anne (2003). <i>Managing airports – an international perspective</i> (2 ed.). Oxford, UK and Burlington, US: Butterworth-Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7506-5917-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7506-5917-3"><bdi>0-7506-5917-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Managing+airports+%E2%80%93+an+international+perspective&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK+and+Burlington%2C+US&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7506-5917-3&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iata-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iata_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171207083711/http://www.aci-na.org/content/history-airports-council-international-north-america">"History of Airports Council International-North America"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Airports_Council_International" title="Airports Council International">Airports Council International</a> – North America. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aci-na.org/content/history-airports-council-international-north-america">the original</a> on 7 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Airports+Council+International-North+America&rft.pub=Airports+Council+International+%E2%80%93+North+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aci-na.org%2Fcontent%2Fhistory-airports-council-international-north-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARTE-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ARTE_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReddy2010" class="citation web cs1">Reddy, Arun (3 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2010/03/the-science-and-technology-of-air-traffic-control/">"The Science and Technology of Air Traffic Control"</a>. <i>Ars Technica</i>. Conde Nast<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=The+Science+and+Technology+of+Air+Traffic+Control&rft.date=2010-03-03&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=Arun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fscience%2F2010%2F03%2Fthe-science-and-technology-of-air-traffic-control%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bennett-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bennett_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett1996" class="citation web cs1">Bennett, David L. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS110152">"Designated US International airports"</a>. U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Designated+US+International+airports&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Transportation+Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.access.gpo.gov%2FGPO%2FLPS110152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-St.John-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-St.John_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt._John1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_St_John,_9th_Earl_of_Orkney" title="Peter St John, 9th Earl of Orkney">St. John, Peter</a> (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/airpiracyairport00stjo"><i>Air piracy, airport security, and international terrorism: winning the war against hijackers</i></a></span>. New York: Quorum Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89930-413-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-89930-413-3"><bdi>0-89930-413-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+piracy%2C+airport+security%2C+and+international+terrorism%3A+winning+the+war+against+hijackers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Quorum+Books&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-89930-413-3&rft.aulast=St.+John&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fairpiracyairport00stjo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moore_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1991" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Kenneth C. (1991). <i>Airport, aircraft, and airline security</i> (2nd ed.). Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7506-9019-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7506-9019-4"><bdi>0-7506-9019-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Airport%2C+aircraft%2C+and+airline+security&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-7506-9019-4&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wallis2003-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wallis2003_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodney_Wallis2003" class="citation book cs1">Rodney Wallis (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=epE200ufFu0C&pg=PA90"><i>How Safe are Our Skies?: Assessing the Airlines' Response to Terrorism</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 90–91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97847-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97847-1"><bdi>978-0-275-97847-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Safe+are+Our+Skies%3F%3A+Assessing+the+Airlines%27+Response+to+Terrorism&rft.pages=90-91&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-275-97847-1&rft.au=Rodney+Wallis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DepE200ufFu0C%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mult_WHO--25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mult_WHO-_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006071208/http://multimedia.who.int/webm/WHO-PROD_International_health_regulations_02OCT2012_en.webm"><i>IHR implementation at ports, airports and groundcrossings – video</i></a>. <i>multimedia.who.int</i> (Video). <a href="/wiki/WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://multimedia.who.int/webm/WHO-PROD_International_health_regulations_02OCT2012_en.webm">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(WEBM)</span> on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IHR+implementation+at+ports%2C+airports+and+groundcrossings+%E2%80%93+video&rft.pub=WHO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmultimedia.who.int%2Fwebm%2FWHO-PROD_International_health_regulations_02OCT2012_en.webm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICAOFAQ-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ICAOFAQ_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icao.int/safety/aviation-medicine/Pages/medFAQ_en.aspx#anchor06">"FAQ: What are the ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices ... at international airports?"</a>. ICAO<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Clinton Gilkie.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Air+Flights&rft.pub=Clinton+Gilkie&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Josie+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM1aOGzrnvpAC%26pg%3DPT15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140603170609/http://www.flychicago.com/OHare/EN/AtAirport/Facilities/TravelerServices/Pages/Traveler-Services.aspx">"Traveler Services"</a>. Chicago Department of Aviation. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Naming+of+International+Airports&rft.aulast=Peskov&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2459453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACI-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ACI_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200517082213/https://aci.aero/news/2019/03/13/preliminary-world-airport-traffic-rankings-released/">"Preliminary World Airport Rankings"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preliminary+World+Airport+Rankings&rft.pub=Airports+Council+International&rft.date=2019-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faci.aero%2Fnews%2F2019%2F03%2F13%2Fpreliminary-world-airport-traffic-rankings-released%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lax-stats-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lax-stats_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171207141622/https://www.flightstats.com/go/Airport/airportDetails.do?airportCode=LAX">"(LAX) Los Angeles International Airport Overview"</a>. <i>Flight Stats</i>. FlightStats, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightstats.com/go/Airport/airportDetails.do?airportCode=LAX">the original</a> on 7 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flight+Stats&rft.atitle=%28LAX%29+Los+Angeles+International+Airport+Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightstats.com%2Fgo%2FAirport%2FairportDetails.do%3FairportCode%3DLAX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-strange9-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-strange9_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweeney2010" class="citation web cs1">Sweeney, Chris (17 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/architecture/4346192#slide-9">"The World's 18 Strangest Airports": Svalbard, Norway"</a>. <i>Popular Mechanics</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=The+World%27s+18+Strangest+Airports%22%3A+Svalbard%2C+Norway&rft.date=2010-02-17&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popularmechanics.com%2Ftechnology%2Fengineering%2Farchitecture%2F4346192%23slide-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-strange15-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-strange15_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweeney2010" class="citation web cs1">Sweeney, Chris (17 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/architecture/4346192#slide-15">"The World's 18 Strangest Airports: Dammam, Saudi Arabia"</a>. <i>Popular Mechanics</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=The+World%27s+18+Strangest+Airports%3A+Dammam%2C+Saudi+Arabia&rft.date=2010-02-17&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popularmechanics.com%2Ftechnology%2Fengineering%2Farchitecture%2F4346192%23slide-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPallini" class="citation web cs1">Pallini, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/inside-the-new-worlds-longest-flight-singapore-airlines-a350-tour-2020-11">"Inside the new world's longest flight: What it's like to fly on Singapore Airlines' new route between Singapore and New York"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125002148/https://www.businessinsider.com/inside-the-new-worlds-longest-flight-singapore-airlines-a350-tour-2020-11">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Inside+the+new+world%27s+longest+flight%3A+What+it%27s+like+to+fly+on+Singapore+Airlines%27+new+route+between+Singapore+and+New+York&rft.aulast=Pallini&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Finside-the-new-worlds-longest-flight-singapore-airlines-a350-tour-2020-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcmap.com/mapui?P=sin–JFK">"Great Circle Map Distance SIN-JFK"</a>. <i>www.gcmap.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211008043742/http://www.gcmap.com/mapui?P=SIN–JFK">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gcmap.com&rft.atitle=Great+Circle+Map+Distance+SIN-JFK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gcmap.com%2Fmapui%3FP%3Dsin%E2%80%93JFK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+airport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_airport&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/At_the_airport#Q644371" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:At the airport">At the airport</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airport-world.com/">Airport World</a> – published by Airports Council International</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://myfun-1292.appspot.com/worldairports">World Airport in the map</a> - provided by chaoo13</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>International airport</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/International_airport" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/International airport">Definitions</a></b> from Wiktionary</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/International_airports" class="extiw" title="c:International airports">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/International_airport" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/International airport">News</a></b> from Wikinews</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/International_airport" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/International airport">Quotations</a></b> from Wikiquote</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/International_airport" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/International airport">Texts</a></b> from Wikisource</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/19px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/29px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/International_airport" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/International airport">Textbooks</a></b> from Wikibooks</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/21px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/32px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/42px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/International_airport" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/International airport">Resources</a></b> from Wikiversity</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/International_airport" class="extiw" title="voy:Special:Search/International airport">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commercial_aviation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commercial_air_travel" title="Template:Commercial air travel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commercial_air_travel" title="Template talk:Commercial air travel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commercial_air_travel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commercial air travel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commercial_aviation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_aviation" title="Commercial aviation">Commercial aviation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">Airlines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airline_codes" title="Airline codes">Airline codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airline_holding_companies" title="List of airline holding companies">Airline holding companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_airline" title="Cargo airline">Cargo airline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_charter_airlines" title="List of charter airlines">Charter airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_carrier" title="Flag carrier">Flag carriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_low-cost_airlines" title="List of low-cost airlines">Low-cost airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-scheduled_airline" title="Non-scheduled airline">Non-scheduled airline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_passenger_airlines" title="List of passenger airlines">Passenger airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_airlines" title="List of regional airlines">Regional airlines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Airline_alliance" title="Airline alliance">Alliances</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oneworld" title="Oneworld">Oneworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SkyTeam" title="SkyTeam">SkyTeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Alliance" title="Star Alliance">Star Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_Alliance" title="Value Alliance">Value Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla_Alliance" title="Vanilla Alliance">Vanilla Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-FLY_Alliance" title="U-FLY Alliance">U-FLY Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trade_association" title="Trade association">Trade groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>International <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Airline_Cooperative" title="The Airline Cooperative">ACO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Transport_Action_Group" title="Air Transport Action Group">ATAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association" title="International Air Transport Association">IATA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Travel_Agents_Network" title="International Association of Travel Agents Network">IATAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Air_Line_Pilots%27_Associations" title="International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations">IFALPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_of_Transport_Aircraft_Trading" title="International Society of Transport Aircraft Trading">ISTAT</a></li></ul></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airlines_for_America" title="Airlines for America">A4A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Airline_Association" title="Regional Airline Association">RAA</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airlines_for_Europe" title="Airlines for Europe">A4E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AeroSpace_and_Defence_Industries_Association_of_Europe" title="AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe">ASD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Cockpit_Association" title="European Cockpit Association">ECA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Business_Aviation_Association" title="European Business Aviation Association">EBAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Regions_Airline_Association" title="European Regions Airline Association">ERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Transport_Workers%27_Federation" title="European Transport Workers' Federation">ETWF</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other regions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Air_Carriers%27_Organization" title="Arab Air Carriers' Organization">AACO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Asia_Pacific_Airlines" title="Association of Asia Pacific Airlines">AAPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Airlines_Association" title="African Airlines Association">AFRAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Aviation_Association_of_Australia" title="Regional Aviation Association of Australia">RAAA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aircrew" title="Aircrew">Aircrew</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_in_command" title="Pilot in command">Pilot in command (Captain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_officer_(aviation)" title="First officer (aviation)">First officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_officer_(aviation)" title="Second officer (aviation)">Second officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_officer_(aviation)" title="Third officer (aviation)">Third officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-flight_crew_relief" title="In-flight crew relief">Relief crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_attendant" title="Flight attendant">Flight attendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_engineer" title="Flight engineer">Flight engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loadmaster" title="Loadmaster">Loadmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_pilot" title="Aircraft pilot">Aircraft pilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purser#Aircraft" title="Purser">Purser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_mileage" title="Dead mileage">Dead mileage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">Airliner</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Travel_class" title="Travel class">Travel class</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_class_(aviation)" title="First class (aviation)">First class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_class" title="Business class">Business class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premium_economy_class" title="Premium economy class">Premium economy class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_class" title="Economy class">Economy class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_economy_class" title="Basic economy class">Basic economy class</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_cabin" title="Aircraft cabin">Aircraft cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_lavatory" title="Aircraft lavatory">Aircraft lavatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_seat_map" title="Aircraft seat map">Aircraft seat map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airline_meal" title="Airline meal">Airline meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airline_seat" title="Airline seat">Airline seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy_on_board" title="Buy on board">Buy on board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_rest_compartment" title="Crew rest compartment">Crew rest compartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-flight_entertainment" title="In-flight entertainment">In-flight entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflight_smoking" title="Inflight smoking">Inflight smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galley_(kitchen)" title="Galley (kitchen)">Galley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sickness_bag" title="Sickness bag">Sickness bag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">Airport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerodrome" title="Aerodrome">Aerodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">Airline hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airport_check-in" title="Airport check-in">Airport check-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airport_lounge" title="Airport lounge">Airport lounge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airport_rail_link" title="Airport rail link">Airport rail link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airport_terminal" title="Airport terminal">Airport terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airside_pass" title="Airside pass">Airside pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airstair" title="Airstair">Airstair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_(transport)" title="Boarding (transport)">Boarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_airport" title="Domestic airport">Domestic airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_(airport)" title="Gate (airport)">Gate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_bridge" title="Jet bridge">Jet bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-cost_carrier_terminal" title="Low-cost carrier terminal">Low-cost carrier terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runway" title="Runway">Runway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_hotel" title="Transit hotel">Transit hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Customs" title="Customs">Customs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">Immigration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrival_card" title="Arrival card">Arrival card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_control" title="Border control">Border control</a> (<a href="/wiki/Internal_border_control" title="Internal border control">internal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departure_card" title="Departure card">Departure card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passport" title="Passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timatic" title="Timatic">Timatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_document" title="Travel document">Travel document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_visa" title="Travel visa">Travel visa</a> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_visa" title="Electronic visa">(Electronic)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental effects of aviation">Environmental effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypermobility_(travel)" title="Hypermobility (travel)">Hypermobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental effects of aviation">Environmental effects of aviation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aviation_law" title="Aviation law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_transport_agreement" title="Air transport agreement">Air transport agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_route_authority_between_the_United_States_and_China" title="Air route authority between the United States and China">Air route authority between the United States and China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Agreement" title="Bermuda Agreement">Bermuda Agreement</a> (UK–US, 1946–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_II_Agreement" title="Bermuda II Agreement">Bermuda II Agreement</a> (UK–US, 1978–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-strait_charter" title="Cross-strait charter">Cross-strait charter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Convention" title="Beijing Convention">Beijing Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town_Treaty" title="Cape Town Treaty">Cape Town Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Convention_on_International_Civil_Aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation">Chicago Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Marking_of_Plastic_Explosives" title="Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives">Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Common_Aviation_Area" title="European Common Aviation Area">European Common Aviation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_permit" title="Flight permit">Flight permit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedoms_of_the_air" title="Freedoms of the air">Freedoms of the air</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93US_Open_Skies_Agreement" title="EU–US Open Skies Agreement">EU–US Open Skies Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Hijacking_Convention" title="Hague Hijacking Convention">Hague Hijacking Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Protocol" title="Hague Protocol">Hague Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Convention" title="Montreal Convention">Montreal Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Convention_of_1919" title="Paris Convention of 1919">Paris Convention of 1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome_Convention_on_Damage_Caused_by_Foreign_Aircraft_to_Third_Parties_on_the_Surface" title="Rome Convention on Damage Caused by Foreign Aircraft to Third Parties on the Surface">Rome Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_for_the_Suppression_of_Unlawful_Acts_against_the_Safety_of_Civil_Aviation" title="Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation">Sabotage Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Convention" title="Tokyo Convention">Tokyo Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Convention" title="Warsaw Convention">Warsaw Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_organization" title="International organization">Intergovernmental organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">ICAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Civil_Aviation_Conference" title="European Civil Aviation Conference">ECAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocontrol" title="Eurocontrol">Eurocontrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Aviation_Safety_Agency" title="European Union Aviation Safety Agency">EASA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Network_of_Civil_Aviation_Safety_Investigation_Authorities" title="European Network of Civil Aviation Safety Investigation Authorities">ENCASIA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baggage" title="Baggage">Baggage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bag_tag" title="Bag tag">Bag tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggage_allowance" title="Baggage allowance">Baggage allowance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggage_carousel" title="Baggage carousel">Baggage carousel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggage_cart" title="Baggage cart">Baggage cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggage_reclaim" title="Baggage reclaim">Baggage reclaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggage_handler" title="Baggage handler">Baggage handler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggage_handling_system" title="Baggage handling system">Baggage handling system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggage_sizer" title="Baggage sizer">Baggage sizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checked_baggage" title="Checked baggage">Checked baggage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_luggage" title="Hand luggage">Hand luggage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_luggage" title="Lost luggage">Lost luggage</a> (<a href="/wiki/WorldTracer" title="WorldTracer">WorldTracer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luggage_lock" title="Luggage lock">Luggage lock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aviation_safety" title="Aviation safety">Aviation safety</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_rage" title="Air rage">Air rage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">Air traffic control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_service" title="Air traffic service">Air traffic service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_safety_card" title="Aircraft safety card">Aircraft safety card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airport_authority" title="Airport authority">Airport authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airport_crash_tender" title="Airport crash tender">Airport crash tender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airport_police" title="Airport police">Airport police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airport_security" title="Airport security">Airport security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspace_class" title="Airspace class">Airspace class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_control_center" title="Area control center">Area control center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brace_position" title="Brace position">Brace position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation_authority" title="Civil aviation authority">Civil aviation authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_area_(aviation)" title="Control area (aviation)">Control area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_zone" title="Control zone">Control zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlled_airspace" title="Controlled airspace">Controlled airspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_slide" title="Evacuation slide">Evacuation slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_information_region" title="Flight information region">Flight information region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_information_service" title="Flight information service">Flight information service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_recorder" title="Flight recorder">Flight recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrument_flight_rules" title="Instrument flight rules">Instrument flight rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overwing_exits" title="Overwing exits">Overwing exits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-flight_safety_demonstration" title="Pre-flight safety demonstration">Pre-flight safety demonstration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_marshal" title="Sky marshal">Sky marshal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_use_airspace" title="Special use airspace">Special use airspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_visual_flight_rules" title="Special visual flight rules">Special visual flight rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_control_area" title="Terminal control area">Terminal control area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_control_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal control center">Terminal control center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncontrolled_airspace" title="Uncontrolled airspace">Uncontrolled airspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_information_region" title="Upper information region">Upper information region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_flight_rules" title="Visual flight rules">Visual flight rules</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Airline_ticket" title="Airline ticket">Airline tickets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airline_booking_ploys" title="Airline booking ploys">Airline booking ploys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airline_reservations_system" title="Airline reservations system">Airline reservations system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airline_ticket" title="Airline ticket">Airline ticket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airline_timetable" title="Airline timetable">Airline timetable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bereavement_flight" title="Bereavement flight">Bereavement flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_pass" title="Boarding pass">Boarding pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codeshare_agreement" title="Codeshare agreement">Codeshare 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