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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Index</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Initium</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geographia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geographia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geographia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geographia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geographia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ambitus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambitus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ambitus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambitus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proprietates_submarinae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietates_submarinae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Proprietates submarinae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietates_submarinae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fluxus_aquae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fluxus_aquae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Fluxus aquae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fluxus_aquae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salinitas_et_temperatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salinitas_et_temperatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Salinitas et temperatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salinitas_et_temperatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pileus_glacialis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pileus_glacialis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Pileus glacialis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pileus_glacialis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plutei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plutei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Plutei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plutei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pericula_naturalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pericula_naturalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Pericula naturalia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pericula_naturalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_et_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_et_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Flora et fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_et_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opes_naturales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opes_naturales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Opes naturales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opes_naturales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anxietates_de_circumiectu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anxietates_de_circumiectu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Anxietates de circumiectu</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anxietates_de_circumiectu-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Anxietates de circumiectu subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anxietates_de_circumiectu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maiores_portus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maiores_portus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Maiores portus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maiores_portus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_interni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_interni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Nexus interni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_interni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliographia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nexus_externi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_externi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Nexus externi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_externi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Index" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oceanus Arcticus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 208 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-208" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">208 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A9%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%B5%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D3%99" title="Аҩадатәи аокеан ҵааршә – Abasca" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҩадатәи аокеан ҵааршә" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abasca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%B4t_Arktik" title="Laôt Arktik – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Laôt Arktik" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8D_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Щтыгъэ Океан – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Щтыгъэ Океан" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktiese_Oseaan" title="Arktiese Oseaan – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Arktiese Oseaan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktischer_Ozean" title="Arktischer Ozean – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Arktischer Ozean" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD%E1%89%B2%E1%8A%AD_%E1%8B%8D%E1%89%85%E1%8B%AB%E1%8A%96%E1%88%B5" title="አርክቲክ ውቅያኖስ – Amharica" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አርክቲክ ውቅያኖስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceano_Glacial_Arctico" title="Oceano Glacial Arctico – Aragonensis" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Oceano Glacial Arctico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAsh%C3%A6f" title="Īshæf – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Īshæf" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="المحيط المتجمد الشمالي – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المحيط المتجمد الشمالي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="لمحيط لمجمد الشمالي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لمحيط لمجمد الشمالي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%B0" title="উত্তৰ মহাসাগৰ – Assamica" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উত্তৰ মহাসাগৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9anu_Glacial_%C3%81rticu" title="Océanu Glacial Árticu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Océanu Glacial Árticu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B1_%D0%A6%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Шималияб ЦӀорол океан – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Шималияб ЦӀорол океан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktika_Welfa" title="Arktika Welfa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Arktika Welfa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="आर्कटिक महासागर – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="आर्कटिक महासागर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eimal_Buzlu_okean" title="Şimal Buzlu okean – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şimal Buzlu okean" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="شومال بوزلو اوقیانوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شومال بوزلو اوقیانوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D2%A1_%D0%91%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Төньяҡ Боҙло океан – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төньяҡ Боҙло океан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Arktik" title="Samudra Arktik – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Samudra Arktik" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktischa_Ozean" title="Arktischa Ozean – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Arktischa Ozean" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkt%C4%97is_ond%C4%97n%C4%ABns" title="Arktėis ondėnīns – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Arktėis ondėnīns" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadagatan_Artiko" title="Kadagatan Artiko – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kadagatan Artiko" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Паўночны Ледавіты акіян – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўночны Ледавіты акіян" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Арктычны акіян – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арктычны акіян" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laotan_Kutub_Lor" title="Laotan Kutub Lor – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Laotan Kutub Lor" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Северен ледовит океан – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Северен ледовит океан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="आर्कटिक महासागर – Bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आर्कटिक महासागर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="အာတိတ် သမုဒ္ဒရာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အာတိတ် သမုဒ္ဒရာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" title="উত্তর মহাসাগর – Bengalica" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উত্তর মহাসাগর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meurvor_Arktika" title="Meurvor Arktika – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Meurvor Arktika" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkti%C4%8Dki_okean" title="Arktički okean – Bosnica" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Arktički okean" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%8C%D2%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Хойто мүльһэн далай – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хойто мүльһэн далай" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oce%C3%A0_%C3%80rtic" title="Oceà Àrtic – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oceà Àrtic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1e%CC%A4k-b%C4%ADng-i%C3%B2ng" title="Báe̤k-bĭng-iòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Báe̤k-bĭng-iòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Къилбаседа Шен Ӏапказ – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Къилбаседа Шен Ӏапказ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadagatang_Artiko" title="Kadagatang Artiko – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kadagatang Artiko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%B4%E1%8F%A2_%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%BA%E1%8F%89%E1%8E%AF" title="ᏧᏴᏢ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏧᏴᏢ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ئۆقیانووسی بەستووی باکوور – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆقیانووسی بەستووی باکوور" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Articu" title="Mari Articu – Corsa" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Mari Articu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktik_okean" title="Arktik okean – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Arktik okean" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_ledov%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n" title="Severní ledový oceán – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Severní ledový oceán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9F%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Çурçĕрти Пăрлă океан – Chuvassica" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çурçĕрти Пăрлă океан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvassica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefnfor_yr_Arctig" title="Cefnfor yr Arctig – Cambrica" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cefnfor yr Arctig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Cambrica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishavet" title="Ishavet – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ishavet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktischer_Ozean" title="Arktischer Ozean – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arktischer Ozean" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okyanuso_Arktik" title="Okyanuso Arktik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Okyanuso Arktik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3dpo%C5%82nocny_polarny_ocean" title="Pódpołnocny polarny ocean – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pódpołnocny polarny ocean" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A9%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αρκτικός Ωκεανός – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρκτικός Ωκεανός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Arctic Ocean" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkta_Oceano" title="Arkta Oceano – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arkta Oceano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_%C3%81rtico" title="Océano Ártico – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Océano Ártico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5hja-J%C3%A4%C3%A4meri" title="Põhja-Jäämeri – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põhja-Jäämeri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozeano_Artikoa" title="Ozeano Artikoa – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ozeano Artikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9anu_Glacial_%C3%81rticu" title="Océanu Glacial Árticu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Océanu Glacial Árticu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="اقیانوس منجمد شمالی – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اقیانوس منجمد شمالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohjoinen_j%C3%A4%C3%A4meri" title="Pohjoinen jäämeri – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pohjoinen jäämeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5h%27a-I%C3%A4meri" title="Põh'a-Iämeri – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Põh'a-Iämeri" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur%C3%ADshavi%C3%B0" title="Norðuríshavið – Faroensis" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Norðuríshavið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9an_Arctique" title="Océan Arctique – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Océan Arctique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktisk_Sia" title="Arktisk Sia – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Arktisk Sia" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noardlike_Iissee" title="Noardlike Iissee – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Noardlike Iissee" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tAig%C3%A9an_Artach" title="An tAigéan Artach – Hibernica" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tAigéan Artach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Hibernica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="北冰洋" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los%C3%A9yan_Argtik" title="Loséyan Argtik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Loséyan Argtik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuan_Argtach" title="Cuan Argtach – Scotica" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cuan Argtach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scotica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano_%C3%81rtico" title="Océano Ártico – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Océano Ártico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguasu_%C3%81rtiko" title="Paraguasu Ártiko – Guaranica" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Paraguasu Ártiko" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaranica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%B0" title="આર્કટિક મહાસાગર – Gujaratensis" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આર્કટિક મહાસાગર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujaratensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Vooir_Arctagh" title="Yn Vooir Arctagh – Monensis" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Vooir Arctagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Monensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋 – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="北冰洋" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moana_%CA%BB%C4%80lika" title="Moana ʻĀlika – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Moana ʻĀlika" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="אוקיינוס הקרח הצפוני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוקיינוס הקרח הצפוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर – Hindica" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Arctic Ocean" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkti%C4%8Dki_ocean" title="Arktički ocean – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Arktički ocean" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewjerny_polarny_ocean" title="Sewjerny polarny ocean – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Sewjerny polarny ocean" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktik" title="Aktik – Creolus Haitianus" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Aktik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creolus Haitianus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeges-tenger" title="Jeges-tenger – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jeges-tenger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D6%85%D5%BE%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Հյուսիսային սառուցյալ օվկիանոս – Armenica" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հյուսիսային սառուցյալ օվկիանոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceano_Arctic" title="Oceano Arctic – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Oceano Arctic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Arktik" title="Samudra Arktik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Samudra Arktik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean – Igbonica" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Arctic Ocean" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taaw_Artiko" title="Taaw Artiko – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Taaw Artiko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="ГӀинбухера оакафорд – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ГӀинбухера оакафорд" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktika_oceano" title="Arktika oceano – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Arktika oceano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-%C3%8Dshaf" title="Norður-Íshaf – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Norður-Íshaf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Glaciale_Artico" title="Mar Glaciale Artico – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mar Glaciale Artico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E6%B5%B7" title="北極海 – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="北極海" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/artik.zei_braxamsi" title="artik.zei braxamsi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="artik.zei braxamsi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samodra_Lor" title="Samodra Lor – Iavensis" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Samodra Lor" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Iavensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="ჩრდილოეთის ყინულოვანი ოკეანე – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩრდილოეთის ყინულოვანი ოკეანე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agaraw_Arkti" title="Agaraw Arkti – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Agaraw Arkti" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D_%D0%A5%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%85%D1%83%D1%8D" title="Арктикэ Хышхуэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Арктикэ Хышхуэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arikitiki_L%C9%A9%C5%8Bam%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Arikitiki Lɩŋamʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Arikitiki Lɩŋamʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1gba%CC%B1ndang_Kyai_A%CC%B1sa%CC%B1khwot_Atik" title="A̱gba̱ndang Kyai A̱sa̱khwot Atik – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱gba̱ndang Kyai A̱sa̱khwot Atik" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Arktik" title="Samudra Arktik – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Samudra Arktik" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D2%B1%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D2%B1%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Солтүстік Мұзды мұхит – Cazachica" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Солтүстік Мұзды мұхит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Cazachica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80" title="មហាសមុទ្រអាកទិក – Chmerica" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មហាសមុទ្រអាកទិក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Chmerica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0" title="ಆರ್ಕ್ಟಿಕ್ ಮಹಾಸಾಗರ – Cannadica" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆರ್ಕ್ಟಿಕ್ ಮಹಾಸಾಗರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Cannadica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%81%EA%B7%B9%ED%95%B4" title="북극해 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="북극해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B9%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B2_%D0%99%D1%8B%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ойвыв Йыа океан – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ойвыв Йыа океан" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Шимал Бузлауукъ океан – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Шимал Бузлауукъ океан" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okyan%C3%BBsa_Arkt%C3%AEk" title="Okyanûsa Arktîk – Curdica" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Okyanûsa Arktîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Curdica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keynvor_Arktek" title="Keynvor Arktek – Cornubica" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Keynvor Arktek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornubica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Түндүк Муз океаны – Chirgisica" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түндүк Муз океаны" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Chirgisica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кеферпатан МуркӀарин океан – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Кеферпатан МуркӀарин океан" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Artica" title="Mar Artica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mar Artica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naordelike_Ieszie%C3%AB" title="Naordelike Ieszieë – Limburgica" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Naordelike Ieszieë" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozean_Artich" title="Ozean Artich – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ozean Artich" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucean_Artich" title="Ucean Artich – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ucean Artich" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkties_vandenynas" title="Arkties vandenynas – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Arkties vandenynas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zieme%C4%BCu_Ledus_oke%C4%81ns" title="Ziemeļu Ledus okeāns – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ziemeļu Ledus okeāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranomasimbe_Arktika" title="Ranomasimbe Arktika – Malagasiana" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ranomasimbe Arktika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%B1%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A5%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Йӱдвел тептеҥыз – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Йӱдвел тептеҥыз" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudra_Artik" title="Samudra Artik – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Samudra Artik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Северноледен Океан – Macedonica" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Северноледен Океан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ആർട്ടിക് സമുദ്രം – Malabarica" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആർട്ടിക് സമുദ്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%81%D3%A9%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Умард мөсөн далай – Mongolica" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Умард мөсөн далай" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9B_%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯑꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="आर्क्टिक महासागर – Marathica" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आर्क्टिक महासागर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lautan_Artik" title="Lautan Artik – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lautan Artik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouceano_%C3%81rtico" title="Ouceano Ártico – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ouceano Ártico" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC" title="အာတိတ် သမုဒ္ဒရာ – Birmanica" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာတိတ် သမုဒ္ဒရာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%AD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пелевеёнксонь Эень океан – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Пелевеёнксонь Эень океан" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="شمالی یخ بزه اوقیانوس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شمالی یخ بزه اوقیانوس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6%C3%B6rdlike_Iessee" title="Nöördlike Iessee – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nöördlike Iessee" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noordelike_Ieszee" title="Noordelike Ieszee – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Noordelike Ieszee" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर – Nepalensis" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीय महासागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="आर्टिक महासागर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आर्टिक महासागर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noordelijke_IJszee" title="Noordelijke IJszee – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Noordelijke IJszee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polhavet" title="Polhavet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Polhavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polhavet" title="Polhavet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polhavet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Arctic Ocean" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Artic" title="Ocean Artic – Occitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ocean Artic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohjaine_ji%C3%A4meri" title="Pohjaine jiämeri – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Pohjaine jiämeri" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garba_Arkitiik" title="Garba Arkitiik – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Garba Arkitiik" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%C3%A6%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%98%D1%85%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%84%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Цæгат Ихджын фурд – Ossetica" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цæгат Ихджын фурд" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0" title="ਆਰਕਟਿਕ ਮਹਾਂਸਾਗਰ – Panjabica" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਰਕਟਿਕ ਮਹਾਂਸਾਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Panjabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiko_Kadayatmalatan" title="Artiko Kadayatmalatan – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Artiko Kadayatmalatan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C3%A9ano_%C3%81rtiko" title="Oséano Ártiko – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Oséano Ártiko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Och%C3%A9an_Arctike" title="Ochéan Arctike – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ochéan Arctike" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Arktyczny" title="Ocean Arktyczny – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ocean Arktyczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9an_%C3%80rtich" title="Océan Àrtich – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Océan Àrtich" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%B9%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="آرکٹک ساگر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آرکٹک ساگر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="شمالي قطبي سمندر – Afganica" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شمالي قطبي سمندر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Afganica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceano_%C3%81rtico" title="Oceano Ártico – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oceano Ártico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiku_mama_qucha" title="Artiku mama qucha – Quechuae" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Artiku mama qucha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechuae" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Arctic" title="Ocean Arctic – Rhaetica" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Ocean Arctic" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Rhaetica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanul_Arctic" title="Oceanul Arctic – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oceanul Arctic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Glaciale_Arteche" title="Mar Glaciale Arteche – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Mar Glaciale Arteche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Северный Ледовитый океан – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Северный Ледовитый океан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Северный ледовый океан – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Северный ледовый океан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%83" title="उत्तरध्रुवीयमहासागरः – Sanscrita" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="उत्तरध्रुवीयमहासागरः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanscrita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Хотугу Муустаах далай – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хотугу Муустаах далай" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otz%C3%A8anu_%C3%80rticu" title="Otzèanu Àrticu – Sarda" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Otzèanu Àrticu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sarda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A8anu_%C3%80rticu" title="Ocèanu Àrticu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ocèanu Àrticu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artic_Ocean" title="Artic Ocean – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Artic Ocean" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%BD%DA%AA_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%DA%8A" title="آرڪٽڪ سمنڊ – Sindhuica" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آرڪٽڪ سمنڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhuica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkti%C4%8Dki_ocean" title="Arktički ocean – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Arktički ocean" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="ආක්ටික් සාගරය – Singhalensis" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආක්ටික් සාගරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singhalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Arctic Ocean" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn%C3%BD_%C4%BEadov%C3%BD_oce%C3%A1n" title="Severný ľadový oceán – Slovaca" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Severný ľadový oceán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="بحر منجمد شمالی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بحر منجمد شمالی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkti%C4%8Dni_ocean" title="Arktični ocean – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Arktični ocean" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasa_Atika" title="Vasa Atika – Samoana" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Vasa Atika" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gungwa_re_Akitiki" title="Gungwa re Akitiki – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gungwa re Akitiki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badweynta_Arktik" title="Badweynta Arktik – Somalica" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Badweynta Arktik" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oqeani_Arktik" title="Oqeani Arktik – Albanica" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Oqeani Arktik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Северни ледени океан – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Северни ледени океан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norra_ishavet" title="Norra ishavet – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Norra ishavet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahari_ya_Aktiki" title="Bahari ya Aktiki – Suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bahari ya Aktiki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktyczny_Uocean" title="Arktyczny Uocean – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Arktyczny Uocean" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/amisdayang" title="amisdayang – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="amisdayang" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆர்க்டிக் பெருங்கடல் – Tamulica" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆர்க்டிக் பெருங்கடல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamulica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="ఆర్క్‌టిక్ మహాసముద్రం – Telingana" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆర్క్‌టిక్ మహాసముద్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telingana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D2%9B%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%AF%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Уқёнуси Яхбастаи шимолӣ – Tadzikica" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Уқёнуси Яхбастаи шимолӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzikica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="มหาสมุทรอาร์กติก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาสมุทรอาร์กติก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demirgazyk_Buzly_okean" title="Demirgazyk Buzly okean – Turcomannica" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Demirgazyk Buzly okean" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turcomannica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karagatang_Artiko" title="Karagatang Artiko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karagatang Artiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzey_Buz_Denizi" title="Kuzey Buz Denizi – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuzey Buz Denizi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Төньяк Боз океаны – Tatarica" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төньяк Боз океаны" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Соңгу Доштуг океан – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Соңгу Доштуг океан" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%99%D3%A7_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Уйпал Йӧ океан – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Уйпал Йӧ океан" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A_%D9%85%DB%87%D8%B2_%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="شىمالىي مۇز ئوكيان – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شىمالىي مۇز ئوكيان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Північний Льодовитий океан – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Північний Льодовитий океан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="بحر منجمد شمالی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحر منجمد شمالی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimoliy_Muz_okeani" title="Shimoliy Muz okeani – Uzbecica" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shimoliy Muz okeani" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C3%A8ano_%C3%80rtego" title="Osèano Àrtego – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Osèano Àrtego" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4valdmeri" title="Jävaldmeri – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Jävaldmeri" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_B%C4%83ng_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Bắc Băng Dương – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bắc Băng Dương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B4ordelyke_Ysz%C3%AAe" title="Nôordelyke Yszêe – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Nôordelyke Yszêe" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceyan_Artike" title="Oceyan Artike – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Oceyan Artike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalawdan_Artico" title="Kalawdan Artico – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kalawdan Artico" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mb%C3%A0mbulaan_gu_B%C3%ABj-g%C3%A0nnaar" title="Mbàmbulaan gu Bëj-gànnaar – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mbàmbulaan gu Bëj-gànnaar" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="北冰洋" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulwandle_i-Arctica" title="Ulwandle i-Arctica – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ulwandle i-Arctica" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94_%E1%83%B8%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="ოორუე ჸინუამი ოკიანე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოორუე ჸინუამი ოკიანე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%9F" title="ארקטישער אקעאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ארקטישער אקעאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92kun_%C3%81rkt%C3%ACk%C3%AC" title="Òkun Árktìkì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Òkun Árktìkì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baekbinghyangz" title="Baekbinghyangz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Baekbinghyangz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋 – Sinica" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="北冰洋" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sinica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="北冰洋" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak-ke%CC%8Dk-i%C3%BB%E2%81%BF" title="Pak-ke̍k-iûⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pak-ke̍k-iûⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="北冰洋" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q788#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nexus inter linguas recensere" class="wbc-editpage">Nexus recensere</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spatia nominalia"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mille_Paginae.png/42px-Mille_Paginae.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Mille_Paginae.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">E Vicipaedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="la" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Arctic_Ocean_-_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Arctic_Ocean_-_en.png/220px-Arctic_Ocean_-_en.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Arctic_Ocean_-_en.png 1.5x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>Conlocatio Oceani Arctici.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Oceanus arcticus</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> seu <b>glacialis,</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Hemisphaerium_Septentrionale" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemisphaerium Septentrionale">Hemisphaerio Septentrionali</a> et plerumque intra <a href="/wiki/Circulus_Arcticus" title="Circulus Arcticus">Arctica</a> <a href="/wiki/Polus_Septentrionalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Polus Septentrionalis">Poli Septentrionalis</a> <a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">regione</a> situs, est minimus humillimusque ex <a href="/wiki/Quinque" title="Quinque">quinque</a> <a href="/wiki/Tellus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellus">orbis terrarum</a> maioribus partibus <a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">oceanicis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pidwirny_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pidwirny-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Societas_Hydrographica_Internationalis" title="Societas Hydrographica Internationalis">Societas Hydrographica Internationalis</a> eum oceanum agnoscit verum, quamquam nonnulli <a href="/wiki/Oceanographia" title="Oceanographia">oceanographi</a> eum "mare mediterraneum arcticum" vel breviter "mare arcticum" appellant, <a href="/wiki/Mare_mediterraneum_(oceanographia)" title="Mare mediterraneum (oceanographia)">mare mediterraneum</a> vel grande <a href="/wiki/Oceanus_Atlanticus" title="Oceanus Atlanticus">Oceani Atlantici</a> <a href="/wiki/Aestuarium" title="Aestuarium">aestuarium</a> describentes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hae <a href="/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua">aquae</a> invicem ut <a href="/wiki/Septentrio" title="Septentrio">septentrionalissima</a> <a href="/wiki/Oceanus_Mundi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanus Mundi">Oceani Mundi</a> pars videri possunt. </p><p>Oceanus Arcticus, paene omnino ab <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> <a href="/wiki/America_Septentrionalis" title="America Septentrionalis">Americaque Septentrionali</a> circumclusus, a <a href="/wiki/Glacies_marina" title="Glacies marina">glacie marina</a> omnem per <a href="/wiki/Annus" title="Annus">annum</a> partim (et <a href="/wiki/Hiems" title="Hiems">hieme</a> paene omnino) tegitur.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatura">Temperatura</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salinitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salinitas (non est haec pagina)">salinitas</a> per <a href="/wiki/Tempus" title="Tempus">tempus</a> variantur dum tegmen <a href="/wiki/Glacies" title="Glacies">glaciei</a> <a href="/wiki/Liquefactio" title="Liquefactio">liquescit</a> et iterum conglaciat.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salinitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salinitas (non est haec pagina)">Salinitas</a> est minima ex salinitatibus <a href="/wiki/Quinque" title="Quinque">quinque</a> maiorum oceanorum, ob minorem <a href="/wiki/Evaporatio" title="Evaporatio">evaporationem</a>, maiorem <a href="/wiki/Aqua_dulcis" title="Aqua dulcis">aquae dulcis</a> influxum ex <a href="/wiki/Flumen" title="Flumen">fluminibus</a> et rivulis, atque circumscriptum effluxum ad oceanicas aquas circumdantes quibus sunt maiores salinitates. Annuus glaciei per <a href="/wiki/Aestas" title="Aestas">aestatem</a> contractus circa 50 centesimae aestimatur.<sup id="cite_ref-Pidwirny_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pidwirny-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nationale_Rerum_Nivalium_Glacialiumque_Tabularium" title="Nationale Rerum Nivalium Glacialiumque Tabularium">Nationale Rerum Nivalium Glacialiumque Tabularium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Civitates_Foederatae" class="mw-redirect" title="Civitates Foederatae">Civitatibus Foederatis</a> res ex <a href="/wiki/Satelles" title="Satelles">satellite</a> quotidie nuntiat ad praebendum monumentum tegminis glaciei marinae arcticae et <a href="/wiki/Velocitas" title="Velocitas">velocitatis</a> <a href="/wiki/Liquefactio" title="Liquefactio">liquefactionis</a> contra mediam periodon<sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Oceanus_Arcticus" title="Disputatio:Oceanus Arcticus">?</a></sup> et singulas <a href="/wiki/Annus" title="Annus">annos</a> praeteritos mensum. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Map_of_the_Arctic,_1780s_-_B%26W.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Map_of_the_Arctic%2C_1780s_-_B%26W.jpeg/180px-Map_of_the_Arctic%2C_1780s_-_B%26W.jpeg" decoding="async" width="180" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Map_of_the_Arctic%2C_1780s_-_B%26W.jpeg/270px-Map_of_the_Arctic%2C_1780s_-_B%26W.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Map_of_the_Arctic%2C_1780s_-_B%26W.jpeg/360px-Map_of_the_Arctic%2C_1780s_-_B%26W.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="10928" data-file-height="9392" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tabula_geographica" title="Tabula geographica">Tabula</a> Arctica <a href="/wiki/Saeculum_18" title="Saeculum 18">saeculo duodevicensimo</a> exeunte, ab <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Bowen" title="Emanuel Bowen">Emanuele Bowen</a> facta, nomen <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Anglica" title="Lingua Anglica">Anglicum</a> pro <i>Septentrionali Oceano</i> monstrat.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld_m%C3%A5lad_av_Georg_von_Rosen_1886.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld_m%C3%A5lad_av_Georg_von_Rosen_1886.jpg/180px-Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld_m%C3%A5lad_av_Georg_von_Rosen_1886.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld_m%C3%A5lad_av_Georg_von_Rosen_1886.jpg/270px-Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld_m%C3%A5lad_av_Georg_von_Rosen_1886.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld_m%C3%A5lad_av_Georg_von_Rosen_1886.jpg/360px-Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld_m%C3%A5lad_av_Georg_von_Rosen_1886.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Ericus_Nordenski%C3%B6ld" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolphus Ericus Nordenskiöld">Adolphus Ericus Nordenskiöld</a> per eius <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exploratio_arctica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exploratio arctica (non est haec pagina)">explorationem</a> <a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">regionum</a> arcticarum.</i> Pictura a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgius_von_Rosen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgius von Rosen (non est haec pagina)">Georgio von Rosen</a> anno <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a> facta.</figcaption></figure> <p>Per multum <a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">historiae</a> Europaeae, regiones <a href="/wiki/Polus_Septentrionalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Polus Septentrionalis">polares septentrionales</a> plerumque erant inexploratae, et earum <a href="/wiki/Geographia" title="Geographia">geographia</a> erant res coniecturae. <a href="/wiki/Pytheas" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a> <a href="/wiki/Massilia" title="Massilia">Massiliensis</a> relatum itineris anno <a href="/wiki/325_a.C.n." title="325 a.C.n.">325 a.C.n.</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Septentrio" title="Septentrio">septentriones</a> facti scripsit, ad terram quam "<a href="/wiki/Thule" title="Thule">Eschate Thule</a>" appellavit, ubi <a href="/wiki/Sol" title="Sol">Sol</a> <a href="/wiki/Tres" title="Tres">tres</a> horas per diem occidit et in loco <a href="/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua">aquae</a> substituta est res concreta, "super quam <a href="/wiki/Homo" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Homo">homo</a> nec ambulare nec <a href="/wiki/Ars_navigandi" title="Ars navigandi">navigare</a> potest." Veri simile est eum mobiles <a href="/wiki/Mons_glacialis" title="Mons glacialis">montes glaciales</a> descripsisse. Sua "Thule" ut videtur fuit <a href="/wiki/Norvegia" title="Norvegia">Norvegia</a> per <a href="/wiki/Insulae_Faroenses" class="mw-redirect" title="Insulae Faroenses">Insulas Faroenses</a>, vel fortasse <a href="/wiki/Aemodae_Insulae" title="Aemodae Insulae">Aemodae Insulae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Primi <a href="/wiki/Cartographia" title="Cartographia">cartographi</a> non sciverunt num <a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">regionem</a> circum Polum Septentrionale adumbrare <a href="/wiki/Terra_(humus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Terra (humus)">terram</a> (ut in <a href="/wiki/Ioannes_Ruysch" title="Ioannes Ruysch">Ioannis Ruysch</a> <a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Ruysch_map.jpg" title="Fasciculus:Ruysch map.jpg">tabula 1507</a> et <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_Mercator" title="Gerardus Mercator">Gerardi Mercatoris</a> <a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Mercator_Septentrionalium_Terrarum_descriptio.jpg" title="Fasciculus:Mercator Septentrionalium Terrarum descriptio.jpg">tabula 1595</a>) aut <a href="/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua">aquam</a> (ut in <a href="/wiki/Martinus_Hylacomylus" title="Martinus Hylacomylus">Martini Hylacomyli</a> <a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:UniversalisCosmographia.jpg" title="Fasciculus:UniversalisCosmographia.jpg">tabula orbis terrarum 1507</a>). Negotiatorum <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europaeorum</a> appetitio <a href="/wiki/Transitus_septentrionalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Transitus septentrionalis">transitus septentrionalis</a> ad <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cathay (non est haec pagina)">Cathay</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sina_(regio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sina (regio)">Sinam</a>) fecit ut ei aquam anteponerent; itaque antequam <a href="/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ioannes_Homann" title="Ioannes Homann">Ioannes Homann</a> et alii cartographi amplum "Oceanum Septentrionalem" ad <a href="/wiki/Septentrio" title="Septentrio">septentrionalem</a> eorum tabularum marginem vehementius exhibebant. </p><p>Paucae expeditiones quae praeter <a href="/wiki/Circulus_Arcticus" title="Circulus Arcticus">Circulum Arcticum</a> illo tempore penetraverunt solum parvas <a href="/wiki/Insula" title="Insula">insulas</a> addebant, sicut <a href="/wiki/Nova_Zembla" title="Nova Zembla">Nova Zembla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saeculum_11" title="Saeculum 11">saeculo undecimo</a>) et <a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" class="mw-redirect" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a> (<a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>), quamquam, quia hi loci saepe a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glacies_fluitans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glacies fluitans (non est haec pagina)">glacie fluitanti</a> circumdabantur, eorum fines <a href="/wiki/Septentrio" title="Septentrio">septentrionales</a> erant obscuri. Qui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charta_nautica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charta nautica (non est haec pagina)">chartas navigationis</a> faciebant, <a href="/wiki/Homo" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Homo">homines</a> nonnullis cartographis ingeniosis prudentiores, regionem vacuam monstrare solebant, solum fragmentis <a href="/wiki/Litus" title="Litus">litorum</a> notorum definite adumbratis. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Fridtjof_Nansen_LOC_03377u-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Fridtjof_Nansen_LOC_03377u-3.jpg/125px-Fridtjof_Nansen_LOC_03377u-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Fridtjof_Nansen_LOC_03377u-3.jpg/188px-Fridtjof_Nansen_LOC_03377u-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Fridtjof_Nansen_LOC_03377u-3.jpg/250px-Fridtjof_Nansen_LOC_03377u-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3472" data-file-height="4960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Photogramma" title="Photogramma">Photogramma</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Congressus_Civitatum_Foederatarum" title="Bibliotheca Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum">Bibliotheca Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Haec inopia <a href="/wiki/Scientia_(ratio)" title="Scientia (ratio)">scientifica</a> cuiuscunque ad septentriones permutantis glaciei septi multas coniecturas excitavit. In <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Anglia</a> et aliis <a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">civitatibus</a> <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europaeis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabula" class="mw-disambig" title="Fabula">fabula</a> aperti maris polaris tam perseverabat quam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannes_Barrow_Eques,_Primus_Baronet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioannes Barrow Eques, Primus Baronet (non est haec pagina)">Ioannes Barrow Eques</a>, diu Secretarius Alter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Admiraltas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Admiraltas (non est haec pagina)">Admiraltatis</a> Britannicae, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exploratio_arctica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exploratio arctica (non est haec pagina)">explorationem</a> huius regionis ab <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a> ad <a href="/wiki/1845" title="1845">1845</a> promovebat. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Civitates_Foederatae" class="mw-redirect" title="Civitates Foederatae">Civitatibus Foederatis</a> <a href="/wiki/Decennium" title="Decennium">decenniis</a> <a href="/wiki/Decennium_186" class="mw-redirect" title="Decennium 186">186</a> et <a href="/wiki/Decennium_187" class="mw-redirect" title="Decennium 187">187</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisha_Kane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elisha Kane (non est haec pagina)">Elisha Kane</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Israel_Hayes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaac Israel Hayes (non est haec pagina)">Isaac Israel Hayes</a> <a href="/wiki/Explorator" title="Explorator">exploratores</a> ambo adfirmaverunt se hanc partem huius fallacis <a href="/wiki/Corpus_aquae" title="Corpus aquae">corporis aquae</a> vidisse. Usque adeo finem saeculi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthaeus_Fontaine_Maury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthaeus Fontaine Maury (non est haec pagina)">Matthaeus Fontaine Maury</a>, auctor egregius, descriptionem "Aperti Maris Polaris" in <a href="/wiki/Liber_scholasticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber scholasticus">libro scholastico</a> <i>The Physical Geography of the Sea</i> (1883) conlocavit. Nihilominus, ut deferebant omnes <a href="/wiki/Explorator" title="Explorator">exploratores</a> qui iter propius atque propius ad <a href="/wiki/Polus" title="Polus">polum</a> faciebant, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pileus_glacialis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pileus glacialis (non est haec pagina)">pileus glacialis</a> est crassissimus, qui omnem per annum persistit. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a> fuit primus qui <a href="/wiki/Ars_navigandi" title="Ars navigandi">nauticum</a> Oceani Arctici transitum fecit, anno <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>. Primus autem oceani transitus superficialis anno <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a> factus est, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wally_Herbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wally Herbert (non est haec pagina)">Wally Herbert</a> duce, in expeditione <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trahea_canum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trahea canum (non est haec pagina)">trahearum canum</a> ab <a href="/wiki/Alasca" title="Alasca">Alasca</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> gesta, auxiliatu ex <a href="/wiki/Aer" class="mw-redirect" title="Aer">aere</a> praebito.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:IBCAO_betamap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/IBCAO_betamap.jpg/300px-IBCAO_betamap.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/IBCAO_betamap.jpg/450px-IBCAO_betamap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/IBCAO_betamap.jpg/600px-IBCAO_betamap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="868" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bathymetria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bathymetria (non est haec pagina)">Bathymetrica</a>/<a href="/wiki/Topographia" title="Topographia">topographica</a> Oceani Arctici et insularum circumdatarum <a href="/wiki/Charta" title="Charta">charta</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Post <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statio_polaris" title="Statio polaris">stationes polares</a> glaciei fluitantis <a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">Sovieticae</a> et Russicae Oceanum Arcticum amplissime observantur. <a href="/wiki/Instrumentum_computatorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrumentum computatorium">Instrumenta scientifica</a> in glacie fluitanti constituta milia <a href="/wiki/Chiliometrum" title="Chiliometrum">chiliometrorum</a> a planis glacialibus portata sunt.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographia">Geographia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: Geographia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geographia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oceanus Arcticus pelvem complet satis rotundam, <a href="/wiki/Area_(geometria)" title="Area (geometria)">aream</a> circa 14 056 000 chiliometrorum quadratorum tegens, <a href="/wiki/Superficies" class="mw-redirect" title="Superficies">superficiem</a> paene <a href="/wiki/Magnitudo" title="Magnitudo">magnitudinis</a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russicae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oceans_of_the_World_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oceans_of_the_World-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Litus" title="Litus">Litus</a> est circa 45 390 chiliometra longum.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arctic_Ocean_Fast_Facts_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arctic_Ocean_Fast_Facts-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cingitur omnis regio a terrestribus <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasiae</a> et <a href="/wiki/America_Septentrionalis" title="America Septentrionalis">Americae Septentrionalis</a> <a href="/wiki/Massa" title="Massa">massis</a>, atque a nonnullis <a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">civitatibus</a> et regionibus, inter quas <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alasca" title="Alasca">Alasca</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beringia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beringia (non est haec pagina)">Beringia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia">Islandia</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia">Groenlandia</a>. Civitatis Canadae maior pars, quae ad Oceanum Arcticum adiacet, regioni <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a> rite attribuitur; e <a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">regionibus</a> <a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">civitatis</a> Russiae <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> praesertim huic <a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">oceano</a> adiungit. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">Regio</a> usitate <a href="/wiki/Sinus_Baffin" title="Sinus Baffin">Sinum Baffin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mare_Barentsii" class="mw-redirect" title="Mare Barentsii">Mare Barentsii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mare_Beaufortianum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mare Beaufortianum">Mare Beaufortianum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mare_Tschukotense" title="Mare Tschukotense">Mare Tschukotense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mare_Sibiricum_Orientale" title="Mare Sibiricum Orientale">Mare Sibiricum Orientale</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mare_Groenlandicum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mare Groenlandicum (non est haec pagina)">Mare Groenlandicum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinus_Hudsonius" title="Sinus Hudsonius">Sinum Hudsonium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fretum_Hudsonianum" title="Fretum Hudsonianum">Fretum Hudsonianum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mare_Karense" title="Mare Karense">Mare Karense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mare_Lapteviorum" title="Mare Lapteviorum">Mare Lapteviorum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mare_Album" title="Mare Album">Mare Album</a>, et alia <a href="/wiki/Flumen_influens" class="mw-redirect" title="Flumen influens">tributaria</a> <a href="/wiki/Corpus_aquae" title="Corpus aquae">aquae corpora</a> putatur comprehendere. Cum <a href="/wiki/Oceanus_Pacificus" title="Oceanus Pacificus">Oceano Pacifico</a> a <a href="/wiki/Fretum_Beringianum" title="Fretum Beringianum">Freto Beringiano</a> et cum <a href="/wiki/Oceanus_Atlanticus" title="Oceanus Atlanticus">Oceano Atlantico</a> per <a href="/wiki/Mare" title="Mare">maria</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mare_Groenlandicum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mare Groenlandicum (non est haec pagina)">Groenlandicum</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mare_Labradorense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mare Labradorense (non est haec pagina)">Labradorense</a> conectitur.<sup id="cite_ref-Pidwirny_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pidwirny-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ambitus">Ambitus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Recensere partem: Ambitus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Ambitus"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Searchtool.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/18px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/27px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/36px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Si plus cognoscere vis, vide etiam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fines_oceanorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fines oceanorum (non est haec pagina)">Fines oceanorum#Oceanus Arcticus</a>.</span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Arctic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Arctic.svg/300px-Arctic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Arctic.svg/450px-Arctic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Arctic.svg/600px-Arctic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="633" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regio_arctica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regio arctica (non est haec pagina)">Regio arctica</a>. Hac in <a href="/wiki/Tabula" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Tabula">tabula</a>, finis a linea <a href="/wiki/Ruber" title="Ruber">rubra</a> definitur. Omni terrae ad <a href="/wiki/Septentrio" title="Septentrio">septentriones</a> illius linae <a href="/wiki/Calor" title="Calor">calidissimo</a> <a href="/wiki/Mensis" title="Mensis">mense</a> est media <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> minus quam 10 gradus C. (Tabula <a href="/wiki/Anglice" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglice">Anglice</a> signata.)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proprietates_submarinae">Proprietates submarinae</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Recensere partem: Proprietates submarinae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietates submarinae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iugum_Lomonosov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iugum Lomonosov (non est haec pagina)">Iugum Lomonosov</a>, maius <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iugum_medii_oceani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iugum medii oceani (non est haec pagina)">iugum submarinum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvis_Polaris_Septentrionalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelvis Polaris Septentrionalis (non est haec pagina)">Pelvem Polarem Septentrionalem</a> maris alti in <a href="/wiki/Duo" title="Duo">duas</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvis_oceanica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelvis oceanica (non est haec pagina)">pelves oceanicas</a> dividit: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvis_Eurasiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelvis Eurasiana (non est haec pagina)">Pelvem Eurasianam</a>, inter 4000 et 4500 metrorum altam, et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvis_Amerasiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelvis Amerasiana (non est haec pagina)">Pelvem Amerasianam</a> (aliquando Pelvem Americanam Septentrionalem vel Pelvem Hyperboreanam appellatam), circa 4000 metrorum altum. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bathymetria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bathymetria (non est haec pagina)">Bathymetria</a> fundi abyssi a iugis <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fault-block&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fault-block (non est haec pagina)">fault-block</a>,</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planities_abyssi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planities abyssi (non est haec pagina)">planitiebus abyssi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossa_oceanica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fossa oceanica (non est haec pagina)">fossis oceanicis</a>, et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvis_oceanica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelvis oceanica (non est haec pagina)">pelvibus</a> designatur. Media Oceani Arctici <a href="/wiki/Altitudo" title="Altitudo">altitudo</a> est 1038 metra.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Altissimus locus arcticus in Pelve Eurasiana patet, ad 5450 metrorum. </p><p>Duae pelves maiores a iugis praeterea dividuntur in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvis_Canadensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelvis Canadensis (non est haec pagina)">Pelvem Canadensem</a> (inter Alascam/<a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadam</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iugum_Alpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iugum Alpha (non est haec pagina)">Iugum Alpha</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvis_Makarov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelvis Makarov (non est haec pagina)">Pelvem Makarov</a> (inter iuga Alpha et Lomonosov), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvis_Fram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelvis Fram (non est haec pagina)">Pelvem Fram</a> (inter iuga Lomonosov et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iugum_Gakkel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iugum Gakkel (non est haec pagina)">Gakkel</a>), et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvis_Nansen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelvis Nansen (non est haec pagina)">Pelvem Nansen</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelvis_Amundsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelvis Amundsen (non est haec pagina)">Pelvem Amundsen</a>) (inter Iugum Gakkel et <a href="/wiki/Pluteus_continentalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluteus continentalis">pluteum continentalem</a> qui <a href="/wiki/Terra_Francisci_Iosephi" title="Terra Francisci Iosephi">Terram Francisci Iosephi</a> comprehendit). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fluxus_aquae">Fluxus aquae</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Recensere partem: Fluxus aquae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Fluxus aquae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oceano Arctico est maius <a href="/w/index.php?title=Punctum_intercludens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punctum intercludens (non est haec pagina)">punctum intercludens</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mare_Tschukotense" title="Mare Tschukotense">Mari Tschuktschorum</a> meridiano situm,<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> quod aditum ad Oceanum Pacificum per <a href="/wiki/Fretum_Beringianum" title="Fretum Beringianum">Fretum Beringianum</a> inter <a href="/wiki/Alasca" title="Alasca">Alascam</a> et <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberiam</a> orientalem praebet. Oceanus Arcticus brevissimum nexum marinum inter extremas Russiae orientalis occidentalisque partes offert. Sunt in <a href="/wiki/Regio_Arctica" title="Regio Arctica">Regione Arctica</a> aliquae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Statio_investigationis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Statio investigationis (non est haec pagina)">fluitantes investigationis stationes</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Civitates_Foederatae" class="mw-redirect" title="Civitates Foederatae">Civitatibus Foederatis</a> et <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> curatae. </p><p>Maximus aquae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Influxus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Influxus (non est haec pagina)">influxus</a> ex Atlantico per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flumen_Norvegicum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flumen Norvegicum (non est haec pagina)">Flumen Norvegicum</a> advenit, quod secundum <a href="/wiki/Litus" title="Litus">litus</a> <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasianum</a> deinde fluit. Aqua etiam intrat ex Pacifico per Fretum Beringense. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flumen_Groenlandiae_Orientalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flumen Groenlandiae Orientalis (non est haec pagina)">Flumen Groenlandiae Orientalis</a> maiorem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Effluxus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Effluxus (non est haec pagina)">effluxum</a> transfert. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Glacies" title="Glacies">Glacies</a> plurimam oceani <a href="/wiki/Superficies" class="mw-redirect" title="Superficies">superficiem</a> omnem per annum opplet, conglaciantes <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatura">temperaturas</a> aerias plerumque efficiens. <a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">Regio</a> est maior fons <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frons_frigida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frons frigida (non est haec pagina)">frontium frigidissimarum</a>, quae ad <a href="/wiki/Aequator" class="mw-redirect" title="Aequator">aequatorem</a> moventur, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frons_polaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frons polaris (non est haec pagina)">aerem calidiorem</a> in latitudine 60°N<sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Oceanus_Arcticus" title="Disputatio:Oceanus Arcticus">?</a></sup> offendentes ac <a href="/wiki/Pluvia" title="Pluvia">pluviam</a> et <a href="/wiki/Nix" title="Nix">nivem</a> efficientes. Hic fluxus est inferior cellulae polaris pars, latitudine altissima ex <a href="/wiki/Tres" title="Tres">tribus</a> principalibus cellulis circulationis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosphaera_Telluris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atmosphaera Telluris (non est haec pagina)">atmosphaerae Telluris</a>, quarum quaeque <a href="/wiki/Triginta" title="Triginta">triginta</a> latitudinis gradus iungit. <a href="/wiki/Biologia_marina" title="Biologia marina">Vita marina</a> in regionibus apertis abundat, praecipue in aquis meridianioribus. Maiores oceani <a href="/wiki/Portus" title="Portus">portus</a> sunt <a href="/wiki/Urbs" title="Urbs">urbes</a> <a href="/wiki/Murmansk" class="mw-redirect" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archangelopolis" title="Archangelopolis">Archangelopolis</a>, et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinus_Prudhoensis_(Alasca)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinus Prudhoensis (Alasca) (non est haec pagina)">Sinus Prudhoensis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salinitas_et_temperatura">Salinitas et temperatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Recensere partem: Salinitas et temperatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Salinitas et temperatura"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Arctic_sea_temperature_salinity_plot.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Arctic_sea_temperature_salinity_plot.svg/175px-Arctic_sea_temperature_salinity_plot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Arctic_sea_temperature_salinity_plot.svg/263px-Arctic_sea_temperature_salinity_plot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Arctic_sea_temperature_salinity_plot.svg/350px-Arctic_sea_temperature_salinity_plot.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption>Descriptio <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatura">temperaturae</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salinitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salinitas (non est haec pagina)">salinitatis</a> in Oceano Arctico apud 85.18 septentrionales et 117.28 orientales die <a href="/wiki/1_Ianuarii" title="1 Ianuarii">1 Ianuarii</a> <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gtsppdata_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gtsppdata-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In magnis Oceani Arctici partibus, strato superiori (circa 50 m) est humilior <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salinitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salinitas (non est haec pagina)">salinitas</a> et humilior <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> quam reliquio; manet autem rerum status constans, quia effectus salinitatis in densitate est maior quam effectus temperaturae. Alitur oceanus ab influxu <a href="/wiki/Aqua_dulcis" title="Aqua dulcis">aquae dulcis</a> magnorum <a href="/wiki/Flumen" title="Flumen">fluminum</a> <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Sibericorum</a> et <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadensium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Obius" title="Obius">Obius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ienisea" title="Ienisea">Ienisea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lena" title="Lena">Lena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flumen_Mackenzie" title="Flumen Mackenzie">MacKenzie</a>), quorum aqua, ut videtur, super <a href="/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua">aquam</a> humiliorem, densiorem, salsiorem fluitat. Inter hoc stratum humilioris salinitatis et reliquium oceani iacet res <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haloclinum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haloclinum (non est haec pagina)">haloclinum</a> appellata, ubi salinitas et temperatura cum maiore <a href="/wiki/Altitudo" title="Altitudo">altitudine</a> increbescunt. Vertices <a href="/w/index.php?title=Convectio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convectio (non est haec pagina)">convectionis</a> a diversitatibus temperaturarum inter frigidam oceani <a href="/wiki/Superficies" class="mw-redirect" title="Superficies">superficiem</a> et altitudines <a href="/wiki/Calor" title="Calor">calidiores</a> effecti circa hoc <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermoclinum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermoclinum (non est haec pagina)">thermoclinum</a> consistunt, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conductio_caloris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conductio caloris (non est haec pagina)">conductione caloris</a> solo mechanismo transportationis caloris sursum versus—quod per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordo_magnitudinis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordo magnitudinis (non est haec pagina)">ordines magnitudinis</a> est minus. Sine hoc effectu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulatio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insulatio (non est haec pagina)">insulationis</a> fiat multo minor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glacies_marina_arctica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glacies marina arctica (non est haec pagina)">glacies marina arctica</a>. Exemplaria salinitatis et temperaturae Oceani Arctici multiplicia fieri possunt, quia ex fluxibus variis in et ex <a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">regione</a> arctica dependent.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pileus_glacialis">Pileus glacialis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Recensere partem: Pileus glacialis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Pileus glacialis"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:NSIDC_arctic_sea_ice_extent_since_1979.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/NSIDC_arctic_sea_ice_extent_since_1979.svg/200px-NSIDC_arctic_sea_ice_extent_since_1979.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/NSIDC_arctic_sea_ice_extent_since_1979.svg/300px-NSIDC_arctic_sea_ice_extent_since_1979.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/NSIDC_arctic_sea_ice_extent_since_1979.svg/400px-NSIDC_arctic_sea_ice_extent_since_1979.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Variatio temporalis et deminutio amplitudinis glaciei marinae arcticae.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Plot_arctic_sea_ice_volume.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Plot_arctic_sea_ice_volume.svg/200px-Plot_arctic_sea_ice_volume.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Plot_arctic_sea_ice_volume.svg/300px-Plot_arctic_sea_ice_volume.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Plot_arctic_sea_ice_volume.svg/400px-Plot_arctic_sea_ice_volume.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Variatio temporalis et deminutio voluminis glaciei marinae arcticae.<sup id="cite_ref-zhangrothrock1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhangrothrock1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Searchtool.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/18px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/27px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/36px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Si plus cognoscere vis, vide etiam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glacies_marina_arctica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glacies marina arctica (non est haec pagina)">Glacies marina arctica</a>.</span></div> <p>Multum Oceani Arctici ab <a href="/wiki/Pluteus_glacialis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluteus glacialis">pluto glaciali</a> tegitur, plerumque continua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciea_marina_arctica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glaciea marina arctica (non est haec pagina)">glacie marina</a> composito, qui ambitu et crassitudine per tempora variatur. Medius plutei ambitus post <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a> deminutus est ex medio valore <a href="/wiki/Hiems" title="Hiems">hiemali</a> 15 600 000 chiliometrorum quadratum, modo 3 centesimarum per decennium. Variationes temporales sunt circa 7 000 000 chiliometrorum quadratorum, maximo Aprili mense, minimo Septembri observatis. Glacies marina a <a href="/wiki/Ventus" title="Ventus">ventis</a> et fluminibus oceanicis, quae maiores glaciei regiones movere et circumagere possunt. Zonae compressionis oriri possunt ubi glacies se congerit ad efficiendam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glacies_stipata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glacies stipata (non est haec pagina)">glaciem stipatam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plutei">Plutei</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Recensere partem: Plutei" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Plutei"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oceanus Arctici a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pluteus_Continentalis_Russiae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pluteus Continentalis Russiae (non est haec pagina)">Pluteo Continentalis Russiae</a> circumdatur, qui in tribus minores pluteis separatis consistit: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pluteus_Barentsianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pluteus Barentsianus (non est haec pagina)">Barentsiano</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pluteus_Maris_Tschukotensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pluteus Maris Tschukotensis (non est haec pagina)">Tschukotensi</a>, et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pluteus_Sibericus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pluteus Sibericus (non est haec pagina)">Siberico</a>; quorum Pluteus Sibericus est maximus <a href="/wiki/Orbis_terrarum" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbis terrarum">orbis terrarum</a> pluteus. Pluteus Sibericus magnas <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petrolei</a> et <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gasii</a> opes tenet, et Pluteus Tschuktschorum finem inter <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russiam</a> et <a href="/wiki/Civitates_Foederatae" class="mw-redirect" title="Civitates Foederatae">Civitates Foederatas</a> constituit, ut in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pactum_Finium_Maritimorum_URSS-CFA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pactum Finium Maritimorum URSS-CFA (non est haec pagina)">Pacto Finium Maritimorum URSS-CFA</a><sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Oceanus_Arcticus" title="Disputatio:Oceanus Arcticus">?</a></sup> describitur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pericula_naturalia">Pericula naturalia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Recensere partem: Pericula naturalia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Pericula naturalia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mons_glaciei" class="mw-redirect" title="Mons glaciei">Montes glaciei</a> aliquando ex <a href="/wiki/Insula_Ellesmere" title="Insula Ellesmere">Insula Ellesmere</a> septentrionali confringuntur, et montes glaciei ex <a href="/wiki/Glaciarium" title="Glaciarium">glaciariis</a> Groenlandia occidentali et Canada boreorientali extremo oriuntur. Qui montes glaciei <a href="/wiki/Navis" title="Navis">navibus</a> sunt <a href="/wiki/Periculum" title="Periculum">pericula</a>, celeberrime <i><a href="/wiki/RMS_Titanic" title="RMS Titanic">RMS Titanic</a>.</i> <a href="/wiki/Congelatio_aeterna" title="Congelatio aeterna">Congelatio aeterna</a> in plurimis <a href="/wiki/Insula" title="Insula">insulis</a> invenitur. Oceanus a mense <a href="/wiki/October" title="October">Octobri</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Iunius" title="Iunius">Iunium</a> paene circumcluditur, et <a href="/wiki/Navis" title="Navis">naves</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conglaciatio_(navigatio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conglaciatio (navigatio) (non est haec pagina)">conglaciationem</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superstructura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superstructura (non est haec pagina)">superstructurarum</a> ab Octobri ad <a href="/wiki/Maius" title="Maius">Maium</a> perpeti potuerunt.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ante hodiernas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navis_glaciem_frangens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navis glaciem frangens (non est haec pagina)">naves glaciem frangentis</a> aedificandas, naves Oceanum Arcticum <a href="/wiki/Navigatio" class="mw-redirect" title="Navigatio">navigantes</a> a glacie marina includi vel contundi poterant, quamquam <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baychimo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baychimo (non est haec pagina)">Baychimo</a></i> per Oceanum Arcticum sine nautis contra haec pericula <a href="/wiki/Decennium" title="Decennium">decennia</a> felice fluitabat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clima">Clima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Recensere partem: Clima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Clima"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:North_pole_february_ice-pack_1978-2002.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/North_pole_february_ice-pack_1978-2002.png/130px-North_pole_february_ice-pack_1978-2002.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/North_pole_february_ice-pack_1978-2002.png/195px-North_pole_february_ice-pack_1978-2002.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/North_pole_february_ice-pack_1978-2002.png/260px-North_pole_february_ice-pack_1978-2002.png 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="974" /></a><figcaption>Ambitus glaciei stipatae mense Februario, medius valor 1978–2002.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:North_pole_september_ice-pack_1978-2002.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/North_pole_september_ice-pack_1978-2002.png/180px-North_pole_september_ice-pack_1978-2002.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/North_pole_september_ice-pack_1978-2002.png/270px-North_pole_september_ice-pack_1978-2002.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/North_pole_september_ice-pack_1978-2002.png/360px-North_pole_september_ice-pack_1978-2002.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="487" /></a><figcaption>Ambitus glaciei stipatae mense Septembri, medius valor, 1978–2002.</figcaption></figure> <p>Oceanus Arcticus, ab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaciatio_Quaternaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glaciatio Quaternaria (non est haec pagina)">aevo glaciali hodierno</a> motus, intra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clima_polare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clima polare (non est haec pagina)">climate polari</a> continetur, cui sunt frigus constans et angustiores <a href="/w/index.php?title=Varietas_temperatura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varietas temperatura (non est haec pagina)">varietates temperaturae</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hiems" title="Hiems">Hiemes</a> <a href="/wiki/Obscuritas" class="mw-redirect" title="Obscuritas">obscuritatem</a> continuam (<a href="/wiki/Nox_polaris" title="Nox polaris">noctem polarem</a>), clima frigidum et constans, et caelos serenos; <a href="/wiki/Aestas" title="Aestas">aestates</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lux_diei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lux diei (non est haec pagina)">lucem diei</a> continuam (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_mediae_noctis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sol mediae noctis (non est haec pagina)">solem mediae noctis</a>), clima humidum et caliginosum, et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyclonum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyclonum (non est haec pagina)">cyclona</a><sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Oceanus_Arcticus" title="Disputatio:Oceanus Arcticus">?</a></sup> debilia cum <a href="/wiki/Pluvia" title="Pluvia">pluvia</a> vel <a href="/wiki/Nix" title="Nix">nive</a> offerunt. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Temperatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatura">Temperatura</a> superficiei Oceani Arctici est satis constans, prope <a href="/wiki/Punctum_liquefactionis" title="Punctum liquefactionis">punctum liquefactionis</a> <a href="/wiki/Aqua_marina" title="Aqua marina">aquae marinae</a>. Quia Oceanus Arcticus in <a href="/wiki/Aqua_salsa" title="Aqua salsa">aqua salsa</a> consistit, temperatura conglaciationis est −1.8 °C. <a href="/wiki/Densitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Densitas">Densitas</a> aquae marinae, contra aquam dulcem, increbescit cum punctum congelationis approprinquatur, et itaque submergere solet. Nisi superiora 100–150 metra aquae oceanicae ad punctum congelationis refrigeretur, <a href="/wiki/Glacies_marina" title="Glacies marina">glacies marina</a> non fit.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Calidior aqua oceanica hieme moderationem movet, etiamsi glacie tecta. Huius et aliarum causa, <a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">regio</a> arctica temperaturas extremas in <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">continente Antarctica</a> visas non experitur. </p><p>Est notabilis variatio temporalis in quantitate glaciei stipatae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glacies_fluitantes_polaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glacies fluitantes polaris (non est haec pagina)">glaciei fluitantis arcticae</a> quae Oceanum Arcticum contegit. Multum glaciei fluitantis arcticae <a href="/wiki/Decem" title="Decem">decem</a> menses anni nive tegitur. Maximum tegimen niveum Martio vel Aprili est, cum circa 20–50 centimetra supra oceanum conglaciatum sit. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Polar_Bear_2004-11-15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Polar_Bear_2004-11-15.jpg/220px-Polar_Bear_2004-11-15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Polar_Bear_2004-11-15.jpg/330px-Polar_Bear_2004-11-15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Polar_Bear_2004-11-15.jpg/440px-Polar_Bear_2004-11-15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3131" data-file-height="2370" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Ursus_maritimus" title="Ursus maritimus">Ursus maritimus</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Nix" title="Nix">nivem</a> ambulat. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vivarium_Nationale_apud_Wapusk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vivarium Nationale apud Wapusk (non est haec pagina)">Vivarium Nationale apud Wapusk</a>, Caput Churchill, prope <a href="/wiki/Churchill_(Manitoba)" title="Churchill (Manitoba)">Churchill</a> <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitobae</a> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadae</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Clima regionis arcticae magnopere variatum est. Abhinc annorum 55 milliones, per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximum_Thermale_Palaeocenum%E2%80%93Eocaenum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maximum Thermale Palaeocenum–Eocaenum (non est haec pagina)">Maximum Thermale Palaeocenum–Eocaenum</a>, media regionis temperatura annua fuit 10–20 C.<sup id="cite_ref-Shellito2003_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shellito2003-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquae superficiales septentrionalissimi<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oceani Arctici <a href="/wiki/Calor" title="Calor">calidiores</a> factae sunt, saltem per partem anni, ut formas <a href="/wiki/Vita" title="Vita">vitae</a> <a href="/wiki/Zona_tropica" title="Zona tropica">tropicas</a> sustineret,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> quod significat temperaturas <a href="/wiki/Superficies" class="mw-redirect" title="Superficies">superficiales</a> plus quam 22 C.<sup id="cite_ref-Sluijs2006_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sluijs2006-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_et_fauna">Flora et fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Recensere partem: Flora et fauna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Flora et fauna"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Phytoplankton_-_the_foundation_of_the_oceanic_food_chain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Phytoplankton_-_the_foundation_of_the_oceanic_food_chain.jpg/150px-Phytoplankton_-_the_foundation_of_the_oceanic_food_chain.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Phytoplankton_-_the_foundation_of_the_oceanic_food_chain.jpg/225px-Phytoplankton_-_the_foundation_of_the_oceanic_food_chain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Phytoplankton_-_the_foundation_of_the_oceanic_food_chain.jpg/300px-Phytoplankton_-_the_foundation_of_the_oceanic_food_chain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3265" data-file-height="2671" /></a><figcaption>Phyto<a href="/wiki/Plancton" title="Plancton">planctona</a> sunt fundamenta oceanicae <a href="/wiki/Cibus" title="Cibus">cibi</a> catenae.</figcaption></figure> <p>Oceano Arctico sunt perpaucae <a href="/wiki/Planta" class="mw-redirect" title="Planta">plantae</a> praeter <a href="/wiki/Plancton" title="Plancton">phytoplancton</a>, quae sunt gravissima <a href="/wiki/Vita" title="Vita">vitae</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oceanus_Mundi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanus Mundi">Oceano Mundi</a> pars. Adsunt permulta singula in Oceano Arctico, ubi ea <a href="/wiki/Alimentum" class="mw-redirect" title="Alimentum">alimenta</a> ex <a href="/wiki/Flumen" title="Flumen">fluminibus</a> terrestribus et <a href="/wiki/Flumen_oceanicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Flumen oceanicum">fluminibus</a> oceanorum Atlantici et Pacifici <a href="/wiki/Victus" title="Victus">vescuntur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sol" title="Sol">Sole</a> <a href="/wiki/Aestas" title="Aestas">aestivo</a> <a href="/wiki/Nox" title="Nox">nocte</a> et <a href="/wiki/Dies" title="Dies">die</a> effulgente, phytoplancton <a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">photosynthesin</a> diu sustinere et celeriter <a href="/wiki/Procreatio" title="Procreatio">denuo generare</a> possunt; sed tamen <a href="/wiki/Hiems" title="Hiems">hieme</a>, Sole plerumque absente, ea vix satis <a href="/wiki/Lux" title="Lux">lucem</a> ut supersint accipiunt.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Habitatio" title="Habitatio">Habitant</a> in regione arctica circa quadringentae <a href="/wiki/Species" class="mw-redirect" title="Species">species</a> <a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">animalium</a>, inter quas notissima fortasse est <i><a href="/wiki/Ursus_maritimus" title="Ursus maritimus">Ursus maritimus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ursidae" title="Ursidae">Ursidae</a>), maximum <a href="/wiki/Carnivora" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnivora">carnivorum</a> arcticum. In regione Arctica etiam habitant permulta <a href="/wiki/Euphausiacea" title="Euphausiacea">Euphausiacea</a>, quae multum in catena <a href="/wiki/Alimentum" class="mw-redirect" title="Alimentum">alimentaria</a> valent. <a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">Cnidarium</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyanea_capillata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyanea capillata (non est haec pagina)">Cyanea capillata</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyaneidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyaneidae (non est haec pagina)">Cyaneidae</a>) in aquis arcticis abundat, et <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pholis_fasciata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pholis fasciata (non est haec pagina)">Pholis fasciata</a></i> est sola <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pholidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pholidae (non est haec pagina)">pholidarum</a> species <a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">oceanica</a>. Regio autem est <a href="/wiki/Oecosystema" title="Oecosystema">oecosystema</a> fragile, quae tardius mutatur ac tardius se ob diruptionem vel detrimentum reficit.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inter <a href="/wiki/Species_periclitata" class="mw-redirect" title="Species periclitata">periclitatas regionis species</a> marinas sunt <i><a href="/wiki/Odobenus_rosmarus" title="Odobenus rosmarus">Odobenus rosmarus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Odobenidae" title="Odobenidae">Odobenidae</a>) et varia <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Gadus_morhua-Cod-2-Atlanterhavsparken-Norway.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gadus_morhua-Cod-2-Atlanterhavsparken-Norway.JPG/180px-Gadus_morhua-Cod-2-Atlanterhavsparken-Norway.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gadus_morhua-Cod-2-Atlanterhavsparken-Norway.JPG/270px-Gadus_morhua-Cod-2-Atlanterhavsparken-Norway.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gadus_morhua-Cod-2-Atlanterhavsparken-Norway.JPG/360px-Gadus_morhua-Cod-2-Atlanterhavsparken-Norway.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Gadus_morhua" title="Gadus morhua">Gadus morhua</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Gadidae" title="Gadidae">Gadidae</a>) est unus ex <a href="/wiki/Piscis" title="Piscis">piscibus</a> maximi momenti oceanorum Arctici et <a href="/wiki/Oceanus_Atlanticus" title="Oceanus Atlanticus">Atlantici septentrionalis</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opes_naturales">Opes naturales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Recensere partem: Opes naturales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Opes naturales"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Alluvial_Gravels_at_the_Blue_Ribbon_Mine_Alaska.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Alluvial_Gravels_at_the_Blue_Ribbon_Mine_Alaska.jpg/125px-Alluvial_Gravels_at_the_Blue_Ribbon_Mine_Alaska.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Alluvial_Gravels_at_the_Blue_Ribbon_Mine_Alaska.jpg/188px-Alluvial_Gravels_at_the_Blue_Ribbon_Mine_Alaska.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Alluvial_Gravels_at_the_Blue_Ribbon_Mine_Alaska.jpg/250px-Alluvial_Gravels_at_the_Blue_Ribbon_Mine_Alaska.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption>Pars <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alluvium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alluvium (non est haec pagina)">alluvialis</a> depositi placer apud <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yentna-Cache_Creek_districtus_effodendi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yentna-Cache Creek districtus effodendi (non est haec pagina)">Blue Ribbon Mine</a> <a href="/wiki/Alasca" title="Alasca">Alascae</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Searchtool.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/18px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/27px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/36px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Si plus cognoscere vis, vide etiam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opes_naturales_Arcticae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opes naturales Arcticae (non est haec pagina)">Opes naturales Arcticae</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Postulationes_territoriales_in_Arctica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postulationes territoriales in Arctica (non est haec pagina)">Postulationes territoriales in Arctica</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Mammalia_marina" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammalia marina">Mammalia marina</a>.</span></div> <p>Inter <a href="/wiki/Opes_naturales" class="mw-redirect" title="Opes naturales">opes naturales</a> arcticas sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ager_gasii_naturalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ager gasii naturalis (non est haec pagina)">agri</a> <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petrolei</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas_naturale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gas naturale (non est haec pagina)">gasii naturalis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Depositum_placer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Depositum placer (non est haec pagina)">deposita placer</a>,<sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Oceanus_Arcticus" title="Disputatio:Oceanus Arcticus">?</a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noduli_mangani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noduli mangani (non est haec pagina)">noduli polymetallici</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adgregatio_constructionis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adgregatio constructionis (non est haec pagina)">adgregationes constructionis</a> <a href="/wiki/Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Arena">arenae</a> et <a href="/wiki/Glarea" title="Glarea">glareae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piscis" title="Piscis">pisces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinnipedia" title="Pinnipedia">Pinnipedia</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a>, quorum omnes in <a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">regione</a> abundant.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Civilis "zona mortua" prope medium oceanum est situs disceptationum crescentium inter <a href="/wiki/Civitates_Foederatae" class="mw-redirect" title="Civitates Foederatae">Civitates Foederatas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russiam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norvegia" title="Norvegia">Norvegiam</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Dania" title="Dania">Daniam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">Regio</a> multum in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Forum_energiae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forum energiae (non est haec pagina)">foro energiae</a> valet, quia 25 centesimas vel plus opium petrolii et gasii <a href="/wiki/Tellus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellus">orbis terrarum</a> non iam inventarum continere potest.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anxietates_de_circumiectu">Anxietates de circumiectu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Recensere partem: Anxietates de circumiectu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Anxietates de circumiectu"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/North_Pole_Sea_Ice_1990-1999.ogv/200px--North_Pole_Sea_Ice_1990-1999.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="150" data-durationhint="119" data-mwtitle="North_Pole_Sea_Ice_1990-1999.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fasciculus:North_Pole_Sea_Ice_1990-1999.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/North_Pole_Sea_Ice_1990-1999.ogv/North_Pole_Sea_Ice_1990-1999.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/North_Pole_Sea_Ice_1990-1999.ogv/North_Pole_Sea_Ice_1990-1999.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/North_Pole_Sea_Ice_1990-1999.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/North_Pole_Sea_Ice_1990-1999.ogv/North_Pole_Sea_Ice_1990-1999.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>Mutationes glaciei inter 1990 et 1999.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg/200px-Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg/300px-Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg/400px-Polar_bears_near_north_pole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1575" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tres" title="Tres">Tres</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ursus_maritimus" title="Ursus maritimus">Ursi maritimi</a></i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=USS_Honolulu_(SSN-718)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USS Honolulu (SSN-718) (non est haec pagina)">USS <i>Honolulu</i></a> prope <a href="/wiki/Polus_Septentrionalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Polus Septentrionalis">Polum Septentrionalem</a> appropinquant.</figcaption></figure> <p>Attenuatur coartata glacies Arctica continenter, multisque annis adest foramen <a href="/wiki/Tempus" title="Tempus">temporale</a> in Arctico <a href="/wiki/Stratum_ozonicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratum ozonicum">strato ozonico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deminutio <a href="/wiki/Area_(geometria)" title="Area (geometria)">areae</a> glaciei marinae Arcticae mediam <a href="/wiki/Planeta" title="Planeta">planetae</a> <a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">albedinem</a> imminuit, quod fortasse <a href="/wiki/Calefactio_globalis" title="Calefactio globalis">calefactionem globalem</a> per rationem <i>positive <a href="/wiki/Feedback" class="mw-redirect" title="Feedback">feedback</a></i> efficiet.<sup id="cite_ref-R.Black_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R.Black-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Investigationes monstrant Arcticam glacie liberam primo in <a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">historia</a> <a href="/wiki/Homo" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Homo">humana</a> tempore ante annum <a href="/w/index.php?title=2040&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2040 (non est haec pagina)">2040</a> fortasse fieri.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Multi eruditi laborant ne <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatura">temperaturae</a> <a href="/wiki/Calor" title="Calor">calientes</a> in Arctica magnas novae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aqua_liquefacta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aqua liquefacta (non est haec pagina)">aquae liquefactae</a> quantitates efficiant quae in Atlanticum Septentrionalem influere possunt, fortasse <a href="/wiki/Tellus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellus">orbis terrarum</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Circulatio_thermohalina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circulatio thermohalina (non est haec pagina)">exemplaria fluminum oceanicorum</a> conturbantes. Mutationes <a href="/wiki/Clima" title="Clima">climatis</a> <a href="/wiki/Tellus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellus">Telluris</a> quae maiores fieri possunt fortasse tum consequuntur.<sup id="cite_ref-R.Black_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R.Black-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aliae <a href="/wiki/Oecologismus" title="Oecologismus">anxietates de circumiectu</a> ad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Contaminatio_radioactiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contaminatio radioactiva (non est haec pagina)">contaminationem radioactivam</a> Oceani Arctici ex, exempli gratia, Russicis sitibus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramenta_radioactiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramenta radioactiva (non est haec pagina)">ramentorum radioactivorum</a> abiectorum in <a href="/wiki/Mare_Karense" title="Mare Karense">mari Karensi</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temptatio_nuclearis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temptatio nuclearis (non est haec pagina)">situs temptationis nuclearis</a> <a href="/wiki/Bellum_Frigidum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellum Frigidum">Belli Frigidi</a>, sicut <a href="/wiki/Nova_Zembla" title="Nova Zembla">Terra Nova</a>, spectant.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maiores_portus">Maiores portus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Recensere partem: Maiores portus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Maiores portus"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Arctic_Ocean_Seaports.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Arctic_Ocean_Seaports.png/220px-Arctic_Ocean_Seaports.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Arctic_Ocean_Seaports.png/330px-Arctic_Ocean_Seaports.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Arctic_Ocean_Seaports.png/440px-Arctic_Ocean_Seaports.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="787" /></a><figcaption>Tabula Oceani Arctici maiores <a href="/wiki/Portus" title="Portus">portus</a> (nominibus Anglicis signata) exhibet.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sunt nonnulli <a href="/wiki/Portus" title="Portus">portus</a> et refugia nautica circa Oceanum Arcticum.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Alasca" title="Alasca">Alasca</a> <a href="/wiki/Civitates_Foederatae" class="mw-redirect" title="Civitates Foederatae">Civitatum Foederatarum</a>, portus praecipui sunt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barrow_(Alasca)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barrow (Alasca) (non est haec pagina)">Barrow</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3389973">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=71_17_44_N_156_45_59_W_&title=Barrow"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">71°17′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">156°45′59″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">71.29556°N 156.76639°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">71.29556; -156.76639</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Barrow</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>) et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinus_Prudhoensis_(Alasca)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinus Prudhoensis (Alasca) (non est haec pagina)">Sinus Prudhoensis</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389973"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=70.325490_N_-148.711387_E_type:city_region:US&title=Prudhoe"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">70°19′32″N</span> <span class="longitude">148°42′41″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">70.325490°N 148.711387°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">70.325490; -148.711387</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Prudhoe</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>).</li></ul> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navis" title="Navis">naves</a> <a href="/wiki/Ancora" title="Ancora">ad ancoras deligare</a> possunt in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Churchill_(Manitoba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Churchill (Manitoba (non est haec pagina)">Churchill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389973"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=58_46_09_N_94_10_9_W_type:city_region:CA&title=Churchill%2C+Manitoba"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">58°46′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">94°10′9″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">58.76917°N 94.16917°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">58.76917; -94.16917</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Churchill, Manitoba</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>), in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inuvik_(Territoria_Septentrio-Occidentalia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inuvik (Territoria Septentrio-Occidentalia) (non est haec pagina)">Inuvik</a> <a href="/wiki/Territoria_Septentrio-Occidentalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Territoria Septentrio-Occidentalia">Territoriorum Septentrio-Occidentalium</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389973"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=68_21_42_N_133_43_50_W_type:city_region:CA&title=Inuvik"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">68°21′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">133°43′50″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">68.36167°N 133.73056°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">68.36167; -133.73056</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Inuvik</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>) et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanisivik_(Nunavut)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanisivik (Nunavut) (non est haec pagina)">Nanisivik</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389973"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=73_2_5_N_84_32_13_W_&title=Nanisivik"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">73°2′5″N</span> <span class="longitude">84°32′13″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">73.03472°N 84.53694°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">73.03472; -84.53694</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Nanisivik</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> et in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuktoyaktuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuktoyaktuk (non est haec pagina)">Tuktoyaktuk</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389973"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=69_26_34_N_133_1_52_W_type:city&title=Tuktoyaktuk"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">69°26′34″N</span> <span class="longitude">133°1′52″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">69.44278°N 133.03111°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">69.44278; -133.03111</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Tuktoyaktuk</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>).</li></ul> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Norvegia" title="Norvegia">Norvegia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirkenes" title="Kirkenes">Kirkenes</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389973"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=69_43_N_30_03_E_&title=Kirkenes"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">69°43′N</span> <span class="longitude">30°03′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">69.717°N 30.05°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">69.717; 30.05</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Kirkenes</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>) et <a href="/wiki/Varangria" title="Varangria">Varangria</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389973"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=70_22_14_N_31_6_27_E_region:NO_type:city&title=Vard%C3%B8"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">70°22′14″N</span> <span class="longitude">31°6′27″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">70.37056°N 31.1075°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">70.37056; 31.1075</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Vardø</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>) sunt portus <a href="/wiki/Continens" title="Continens">continentales</a>. Praeterea, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Longyearbyen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longyearbyen (non est haec pagina)">Longyearbyen</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389973"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=78_13_12_N_15_39_0_E_region:NO_type:city&title=Longyearbyen"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">78°13′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">15°39′0″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">78.22°N 15.65°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">78.22; 15.65</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Longyearbyen</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Insula" title="Insula">insula</a> <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> ad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fretum_Fram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fretum Fram (non est haec pagina)">Fretum Fram</a> patet.</li></ul> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, maiores portus variis <a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">regionibus</a> marinis digesti sunt <a href="/wiki/Romana_(ad_Murmanum)" title="Romana (ad Murmanum)">Romana ad Murmanum</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389973"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=68_58_N_33_5_E_type:city&title=Murmansk"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">68°58′N</span> <span class="longitude">33°5′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">68.967°N 33.083°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">68.967; 33.083</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Murmansk</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Mare_Barentsii" class="mw-redirect" title="Mare Barentsii">Mari Barentsiano</a>; <a href="/wiki/Archangelopolis" title="Archangelopolis">Archangelopolis</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389973"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=64_32_N_40_32_E_type:city&title=Arkhangelsk"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">64°32′N</span> <span class="longitude">40°32′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">64.533°N 40.533°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">64.533; 40.533</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Arkhangelsk</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Mare_Album" title="Mare Album">Mari Albo</a>; et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Labytnangi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labytnangi (non est haec pagina)">Labytnangi</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389973"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=66_39_26_N_66_25_06_E_type:city&title=Labytnangi"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">66°39′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">66°25′06″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">66.65722°N 66.41833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">66.65722; 66.41833</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Labytnangi</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>), <a href="/wiki/Salechardum" title="Salechardum">Salechardum</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389973"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=66_32_N_66_36_E_type:city&title=Salekhard"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">66°32′N</span> <span class="longitude">66°36′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">66.533°N 66.6°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">66.533; 66.6</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Salekhard</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>), <a href="/wiki/Dudinka" title="Dudinka">Dudinka</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389973"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=69_24_N_86_11_E_type:city&title=Dudinka"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">69°24′N</span> <span class="longitude">86°11′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">69.4°N 86.183°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">69.4; 86.183</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Dudinka</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>), <a href="/wiki/Igarka" title="Igarka">Igarka</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389973"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=67_28_N_86_35_E_type:city&title=Igarka"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">67°28′N</span> <span class="longitude">86°35′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">67.467°N 86.583°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">67.467; 86.583</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Igarka</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>), et <a href="/wiki/Dickson_(oppidum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dickson (oppidum)">Dickson</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389973"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=73_30_N_80_31_E_region:RU&title=Dikson"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">73°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">80°31′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">73.5°N 80.517°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">73.5; 80.517</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Dikson</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Mare_Karense" title="Mare Karense">Mari Karensi</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tiksi" title="Tiksi">Tiksi</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389973"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=71_38_N_128_52_E_type:city&title=Tiksi%2C+city+of+the+Polar+Heros"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">71°38′N</span> <span class="longitude">128°52′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">71.633°N 128.867°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">71.633; 128.867</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Tiksi, city of the Polar Heros</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Mare_Lapteviorum" title="Mare Lapteviorum">Mari Lapteviorum</a>; ac <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pevek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pevek (non est haec pagina)">Pevek</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3389973"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Oceanus_Arcticus&params=69_42_N_170_17_E_type:city&title=Pevek"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">69°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">170°17′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">69.7°N 170.283°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">69.7; 170.283</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Pevek</span>)</span></span></span></a></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Mare_Sibiricum_Orientale" title="Mare Sibiricum Orientale">Mari Siberico Orientali</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_interni">Nexus interni</h2></div> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Exploratores_Arcticae" title="Categoria:Exploratores Arcticae">Categoria:Exploratores Arcticae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Fauna_Arctica" title="Categoria:Fauna Arctica">Categoria:Fauna Arctica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flumina_Atlantici_Septentrionalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flumina Atlantici Septentrionalis (non est haec pagina)">Flumina Atlantici Septentrionalis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internationalis_Scientiae_Arcticae_Consilium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internationalis Scientiae Arcticae Consilium (non est haec pagina)">Internationalis Scientiae Arcticae Consilium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loci_extremi_Arcticae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loci extremi Arcticae (non est haec pagina)">Loci extremi Arcticae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pons_Arcticus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pons Arcticus (non est haec pagina)">Pons Arcticus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nordicitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nordicitas (non est haec pagina)">Nordicitas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oecologia_et_historia_glaciei_marinae_Arcticae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oecologia et historia glaciei marinae Arcticae (non est haec pagina)">Oecologia et historia glaciei marinae Arcticae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opera_et_Politica_Arctica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opera et Politica Arctica (non est haec pagina)">Opera et Politica Arctica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pileus_Chukchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pileus Chukchi (non est haec pagina)">Pileus Chukchi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Septem_maria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Septem maria (non est haec pagina)">Septem maria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subarctica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subarctica (non est haec pagina)">Subarctica</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notae">Notae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Recensere partem: Notae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Notae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i>det nordlige Ocean (</i>Oceanus arcticus<i>)" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j2cAAAAAcAAJ">p. 136</a> apud </i><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a><i>).</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i>la Mer Glaciale, en lat.</i> Oceanus Glacialis, <i>qui est au nord de l'Asie" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VdlgAAAAcAAJ">p. 3</a> apud </i><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a><i>)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Oceanus Tartaricus": <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_Kircherus" title="Athanasius Kircherus">Athanasius Kircherus</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=85TCuczA-SAC">p. 158</a> apud <i><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pidwirny-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pidwirny_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pidwirny_4-1">4.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pidwirny_4-2">4.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Pidwirny (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html"><i>Introduction to the Oceans,</i></a> www.physicalgeography.net, nexus confirmatus <a href="/wiki/2_Maii" title="2 Maii">2 Maii</a> <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthias Tomczak et J. Stuart Godfrey, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070630202249/http://www.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/regoc/"><i>Regional Oceanography: an Introduction,</i></a> ed. 2a. (Dellii: Daya Publishing House, 2003, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/8170353068" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 81-7035-306-8</a>), nexus confirmatus <a href="/wiki/2_Maii" title="2 Maii">2 Maii</a> <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/33188/Arctic-Ocean/57838/Oceanography">Arctic Ocean,'</a> www.britannica.com (Encyclopædia Britannica), nexus confirmatus <a href="/wiki/2_Maii" title="2 Maii">2 Maii</a> <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anglice" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglice">Anglice</a>: "As an approximation, the Arctic Ocean may be regarded as an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Post annum <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>, glacies marina solum tertiam partem ad dimidium <a href="/wiki/Superficies" class="mw-redirect" title="Superficies">superficiei</a> extrema <a href="/wiki/Aestas" title="Aestas">aestate</a> tegit.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. Aagaard et R. A. Woodgate (<a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psc.apl.washington.edu/HLD/Lomo/OM2001AagaardWoodgate.pdf">"Some Thoughts on the Freezing and Melting of Sea Ice and Their Effects on the Ocean,"</a> apud psc.apo.washington.edu (Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington), nexus confirmatus <a href="/wiki/2_Maii" title="2 Maii">2 Maii</a> <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080918073035/http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/pytheas.html">"Pytheas," ab Andre Engels scriptum,</a> apud win.tue.nl.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415074931/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/uk/sir+wally+herbert+dies/558357">"Sir Wally Herbert dies," Canalis 4, 13 Iunii 2007,</a> apud www.channel4.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whoi.edu/beaufortgyre/history/history_drifting.html">"North Pole drifting stations (1930s–1980s),"</a> www.whoi.edu, nexus confirmatus <a href="/wiki/2_Maii" title="2 Maii">2 Maii</a> <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_12-0">12.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_12-1">12.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Wright, John W. (ed.); Editores et scriptores <i>The New York Times</i> (<a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>). <i>The New York Times Almanac</i> (<a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a> ed.). Novi Eboraci: Penguin Books. p. 455. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0-14-303820-6" title="Specialis:Librorum fontes/0-14-303820-6">0-14-303820-6</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oceans_of_the_World-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Oceans_of_the_World_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mset.rst2.edu/portfolios/d/drewes_c/Integrating%20Technologies/Oceans%20of%20the%20World.pdf">"Oceans of the World"</a>. rst2.edu<span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arctic_Ocean_Fast_Facts-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Arctic_Ocean_Fast_Facts_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/arctic/area/species/polarbear/habitat/">"Arctic Ocean Fast Facts"</a>. wwf.pandora.org (World Wildlife Foundation)<span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marianatrench.com/mariana_trench-oceanography.htm">"The Mariana Trench – Oceanography"</a>. <i>www.marianatrench.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/4_Aprilis" title="4 Aprilis">4 Aprilis</a> <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_16-0">16.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_16-1">16.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_16-2">16.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_16-3">16.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_16-4">16.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_16-5">16.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_16-6">16.6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180705175634/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xq.html">Oceanus Arcticus,</a> apud www.cia.gov (CIA World Factbook).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gtsppdata-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gtsppdata_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/GTSPP">U.S. National Oceanographic Data Center: Global Temperature–Salinity Profile Programme,</a> Iunio 2006. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Oceanographic Data Center, Silver Spring, Terrae Mariae 20910.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Bourgain et J. C. Gascard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120727062914/http://soa.arcus.org/sites/soa.arcus.org/files/sessions/2-1-observations-arctic-change/pdf/bourgain.pdf">"The Arctic Ocean Halocline variability over the past 20 years,"</a> poster<sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Oceanus_Arcticus" title="Disputatio:Oceanus Arcticus">?</a></sup> in conventu "State Of The Arctic," 16–19 Martii <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Rudels, E. P. Jones, U. Schauer, et P. Eriksson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612091159/http://www.ices.dk/products/CMdocs/2001/W/W1501.pdf">"Two Sources for the Lower Halocline in the Arctic Ocean,"</a> commentarius apud acroasim ICES Annual Science Conference 2001 praebitus.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">F. Fetterer, K. Knowles, W. Meier, et M. Savoie, <i>Sea Ice Index</i> (Boulder Colorati: <a href="/wiki/Nationale_Rerum_Nivalium_Glacialiumque_Tabularium" title="Nationale Rerum Nivalium Glacialiumque Tabularium">Nationale Rerum Nivalium Glacialiumque Tabularium</a>, <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>, <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>). Media digitalia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zhangrothrock1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-zhangrothrock1_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Zhang, Jinlun; Rothrock, D. A. (<a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psc.apl.washington.edu/zhang/Pubs/POIM.pdf">"Modeling Global Sea Ice with a Thickness and Enthalpy Distribution Model in Generalized Curvilinear Coordinates"</a>. <i>Monthly Weather Review</i> <b>131</b> (5): 845<span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nsidc.org/data/seaice_index/">Index Glaciei Marinae,</a> apud nsidc.org, nexus confirmatus <a href="/wiki/2_Maii" title="2 Maii">2 Maii</a> <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110223161943/http://arctic.atmos.uiuc.edu/cryosphere/">Pluteus Glaciei Marinae Polaris et Nivis,</a> apud arctic,atmos.uiuc.ed (<i>Cryosphere Today</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117114629/http://nsidc.org/seaice/intro.html">Glacies marina</a> apud nsidc.org, nexus confirmatus <a href="/wiki/2_Maii" title="2 Maii">2 Maii</a> <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shellito2003-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Shellito2003_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Shellito, C. J.; Sloan, L. C., et M. Huber (<a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>). "Climate model sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 levels in the Early-Middle Paleogene". <i>Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology</i> <b>193</b> (1): 113–123<span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Drill cores</i><sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Oceanus_Arcticus" title="Disputatio:Oceanus Arcticus">?</a></sup> ex <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iugum_Lomonosov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iugum Lomonosov (non est haec pagina)">Iugo Lomosov</a> capta sunt, hodierno tempore apud 87° Septentrionalis.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinoflagellata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinoflagellata (non est haec pagina)">Dinoflagellata</a> <i>Apectodinium augustum.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sluijs2006-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sluijs2006_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Sluijs, S. Schouten, M. Pagani, M. Woltering, H. Brinkhuis, J. S. S. Damsté, G. R. Dickens, M. Huber, G. J. Reichart, R. Stein, et alii (2006), "Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum," <i>Nature</i> 441(7093): 610–613. doi 10.1038/nature04668. pmid 16752441.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_29-0">29.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_29-1">29.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02arctic/background/physical/physical.html">Terry Whiteledge, "Physical Nutrients and Primary Productivity,"</a> oceanexplorer.noaa.gov (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), nexus confirmatus <a href="/wiki/2_Maii" title="2 Maii">2 Maii</a> <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4354036.stm#map">"The Arctic's New Gold Rush,"</a> apud news.bbc.co.uk (BBC), nexus confirmatus <a href="/wiki/2_Maii" title="2 Maii">2 Maii</a> <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shamil Midkhatovich Yenikeyeff et Timothy Fenton Krysiek, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Aug2007-TheBattleforthenextenergyfrontier-ShamilYenikeyeff-and-TimothyFentonKrysiek.pdf">"The Battle for the Next Energy Frontier: The Russian Polar Expedition and the Future of Arctic Hydrocarbons,"</a> apud <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.oxfordenergy.org">http://www.oxfordenergy.org</a> (Oxford Institute for Energy Studies), Augusto 2007, nexus confirmatus <a href="/wiki/2_Maii" title="2 Maii">2 Maii</a> <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ec.gc.ca/cleanair-airpur/Linking_Today_into_Tomorrow-WS4D339983-1_En.htm">"Clean Air Online – Linking Today into Tomorrow,"</a> apud www.ec.gc.ca.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R.Black-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-R.Black_33-0">33.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-R.Black_33-1">33.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4315968.stm">Earth—melting in the heat?</a> Richard Black, 7 October 2005. BBC News, nexus confirmatus <a href="/wiki/2_Maii" title="2 Maii">2 Maii</a> <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Wilson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24659919-2703,00.html">"Russia the next climate recalcitrant,"</a> <i>The Australian,</i> <a href="/wiki/17_Novembris" title="17 Novembris">17 Novembris</a> <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>, nexus confirmatus <a href="/wiki/2_Maii" title="2 Maii">2 Maii</a> <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Nilsen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016195202/http://bellona.org/english_import_area/international/russia/nuke_industry/siberia/mayak/21636">"400 million cubic meters of radioactive waste threaten the Arctic area,"</a> <i>Bellona,</i> <a href="/wiki/24_Augusti" title="24 Augusti">24 Augusti</a> <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>, nexus confirmatus <a href="/wiki/11_Maii" title="11 Maii">11 Maii</a> <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradley Moran et John N. Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202051233/http://www.gso.uri.edu/maritimes/Text_Only/00Summer/text/arctic.html">"Plutonium in the Russian Arctic, or How We Learned to Love the Bomb,"</a> apud www.gso.uri.edu, nexus confirmatus <a href="/wiki/2_Maii" title="2 Maii">2 Maii</a> <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081008083217/http://www.pm.gc.ca/eng/media.asp?id=1785">Mirror</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pm.gc.ca/eng/media.asp?id=1785">"Backgrounder – Expanding Canadian Forces Operations in the Arctic"</a><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081008083217/http://www.pm.gc.ca/eng/media.asp?id=1785">mirror</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographia">Bibliographia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Recensere partem: Bibliographia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliographia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Grantz, Arthur, L. Johnson, et J. F. Sweeney, eds. <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>. <i>The Arctic Ocean Region.</i> Boulder Colorati: Geological Society of America. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0813752116" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8137-5211-6</a>.</li> <li>Neatby, Leslie H. <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>. <i>Discovery in Russian and Siberian Waters.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0821401246" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8214-0124-6</a>.</li> <li>Ray, L., et B. Bacon, eds. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>. <i>The Arctic Ocean.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0333310179" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-333-31017-9</a>.</li> <li>Thorén, Ragnar V. A. <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>. <i>Picture Atlas of the Arctic.</i> <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0821401246" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8214-0124-6</a>.</li> <li>Tolmachev, A. I., ed. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>. <i>The Arctic Ocean and Its Coast in the Cenozoic Era.</i> Novi Dellii: Amerind.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_externi">Nexus externi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Recensere partem: Nexus externi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceanus_Arcticus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Nexus externi"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Wikidata-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><b>Situs geographici et historici:</b> <i>Locus</i>: <span><span><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Specialis:Map/0/90/0/la" data-lat="90" data-lon="0" data-overlays="["_d7312f8eedbce36c98ae99571fc8cbeb1c7dc716"]">90°0′0″N 0°0′0″E</a></span></span> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geonames.org/2960860"><i>GeoNames</i></a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/vow/TGNFullDisplay?find=&place=&nation=&english=Y&subjectid=1112230">Thesaurus Getty</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Polhavet">Store norske Lexikon</a> • "<span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/summary/1418160">1418160</a></span></span>" apud <i>USGS</i> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/mar-glaciale-artico">Treccani</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pagina_prima" class="extiw" title="commons:Pagina prima">Vicimedia Communia</a></b> plura habent quae ad <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arctic_Ocean" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Arctic Ocean">Oceanum Arcticum</a></b> spectant. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent; position:relative"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Wiktionary-ico-de.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Wiktionary-ico-de.png/16px-Wiktionary-ico-de.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Wiktionary-ico-de.png/24px-Wiktionary-ico-de.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Wiktionary-ico-de.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left">Vide <b><a href="https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Oceanum_Arcticum" class="extiw" title="wikt:Oceanum Arcticum">Oceanum Arcticum</a></b> in <b><a href="/wiki/Victionarium" title="Victionarium">Victionario</a></b>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left">Vide <b><a href="https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/CIA_World_Fact_Book,_2004/Arctic_Ocean" class="extiw" title="s:CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Arctic Ocean">Oceanum Arcticum</a></b> apud <b><a href="/wiki/Vicifons" title="Vicifons">Vicifontem</a></b>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060106013649/http://vitalgraphics.grida.no/arcticmap/">Atlas Circumiectus Arctici,</a> apud vitalgraphics.grida.no.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140119003406/http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0060.html">"Daily Arctic Ocean Rawinsonde Data" ex "Soviet Drifting Ice Stations (1954–1990),"</a> apud nsidc.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arctic-council.org">De rebus arcticis</a> apud www.arctic-council.org (Concilium Arcticum).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polarfoundation.org/">De regione Arctica,</a> apud polarfoundation.org (Societas Fundata Polaris Internationalis).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northernforum.org">Forum Septentrionale</a> apud www.northernforum.org.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/05arctic/welcome.html">"The Hidden Ocean Arctic 2005," relatus ex missione exploratoria quotidie dati,</a> apud oceanexplorer.noaa.gov.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/gallery_np.html">Imagines ex "NOAA North Pole Web Cam," vere super planum glaciale posito,</a> apud www.arctic.noaa.gov.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723034802/http://www.marbef.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean">"Marine Biodiversity Wiki,"</a> apud marbef.org.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/">Nuntii de tegmen glaciei secundum indicia ex satellite</a> apud nsidc.org (National Snow and Ice Data Center).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arctic.noaa.gov">"NOAA Arctic Theme Page,"</a> apud www.arctic.noaa.gov.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whoi.edu/imageOfDay.do">Oceanographica Diei Imago, ex Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,</a> apud www.whoi.edu.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/gallery_np_weatherdata.html">Res ex instrumentis super <i>floe</i> glaciali ositis,</a> apud www.arctic.noaa.gov.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,63980,00.html">"Search for Arctic Life Heats Up," a Stephano Leahy scriptum,</a> apud www.wired.com.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120702084209/http://www.unaami.noaa.gov/">Series temporis Arctici: "The Unaami Data collection,"</a> apud www.unaami.noaa.gov.</li></ul> <style 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