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Ileana Ros-Lehtinen - Wikipedia
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id="toc-Drug_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drug_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Drug policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drug_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>LGBT issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-congressional_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-congressional_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Post-congressional career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-congressional_career-sublist" class="cdx-button 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</li> <li id="toc-Department_of_Justice_investigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Department_of_Justice_investigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Department of Justice investigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Department_of_Justice_investigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Ros-Lehtinen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3-%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%86" title="ایلینا روس-لهتینن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایلینا روس-لهتینن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen" title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen" title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3-%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%86" title="ایلینا روس-لهتینن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایلینا روس-لهتینن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen" title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1_%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%BD_%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Իլեանա Ռոս Լեյթինեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իլեանա Ռոս Լեյթինեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen" title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1-%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9F" title="אליאנה רוס-לאטינן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אליאנה רוס-לאטינן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen" title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ايلاينا روس ليهتينين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايلاينا روس ليهتينين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%8D%E3%83%B3" title="イリアナ・ロス・レイティネン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イリアナ・ロス・レイティネン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen" title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рос-Лейтинен, Илеана – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рос-Лейтинен, Илеана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen" title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen" title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ілеана Рос-Лейтінен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ілеана Рос-Лейтінен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%93%AE%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E7%B5%B2-%E9%9B%B7%E6%8F%90%E5%8D%97" title="伊蓮娜·羅絲-雷提南 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊蓮娜·羅絲-雷提南" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q265791#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Ros</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> Adato</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media 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class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Ileana Ros-Lehtinen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen.jpg/220px-Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen.jpg/330px-Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the<br /><a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 29, 1989 – January 3, 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Pepper" title="Claude Pepper">Claude Pepper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Donna Shalala</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="Florida18 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_18th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 18th congressional district">18th district</a></span> (1989–2013)<br /><span data-sort-value="Florida27 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_27th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 27th congressional district">27th district</a></span> (2013–2019)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">House Foreign Affairs Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Berman" title="Howard Berman">Howard Berman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Royce_(politician)" title="Ed Royce (politician)">Ed Royce</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Florida_Senate" title="Florida Senate">Florida Senate</a></span><br />from the 34th district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 4, 1986 – August 29, 1989</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Gersten" title="Joe Gersten">Joe Gersten</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_D%C3%ADaz-Balart" title="Lincoln Díaz-Balart">Lincoln Díaz-Balart</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Florida_House_of_Representatives" title="Florida House of Representatives">Florida House of Representatives</a></span><br />from the <a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_110th_House_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida's 110th House district">110th</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 2, 1982 – November 4, 1986</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Fox" title="Roberta Fox">Roberta Fox</a><br /><i>Redistricted</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_D%C3%ADaz-Balart" title="Lincoln Díaz-Balart">Lincoln Díaz-Balart</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Ileana Carmen Ros y Adato</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1952-07-15</span>) </span>July 15, 1952<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 72)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cuba_(1902%E2%80%931959)" title="Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)">Republic of Cuba</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Florida_International_University" title="Florida International University">Florida International University</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Miami" title="University of Miami">University of Miami</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Education" title="Doctor of Education">EdD</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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.listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Rep._Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen_on_the_Normalization_of_Trade_Relations_with_Russia.ogg" title="File:Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen on the Normalization of Trade Relations with Russia.ogg">Ileana Ros-Lehtinen's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="263" data-mwtitle="Rep._Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen_on_the_Normalization_of_Trade_Relations_with_Russia.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Rep._Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen_on_the_Normalization_of_Trade_Relations_with_Russia.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Rep._Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen_on_the_Normalization_of_Trade_Relations_with_Russia.ogg/Rep._Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen_on_the_Normalization_of_Trade_Relations_with_Russia.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Ileana Ros-Lehtinen on human rights in relation to trade relations with <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><br />Recorded November 16, 2012</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ileana Ros-Lehtinen</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">Il-ee-<span style="font-size:90%">AH</span>-nə ross <span style="font-size:90%">LAY</span>-tən-ən</i></a>; <span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> <b>Ileana Carmen Ros y Adato</b></span>; born July 15, 1952) is a politician and lobbyist from <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami, Florida</a>, who represented <span data-sort-value="Florida27 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_27th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 27th congressional district">Florida's 27th congressional district</a></span> from 1989 to 2019. By the end of her tenure, she was the most <a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Seniority in the United States House of Representatives">senior</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> from Florida. She was Chairwoman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">House Foreign Affairs Committee</a> from <a href="/wiki/112th_United_States_Congress" title="112th United States Congress">2011–2013</a>. In 1989, Ros-Lehtinen won <a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_18th_congressional_district_special_election,_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida's 18th congressional district special election, 1989">a special election</a> and became the first <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cuban American</a> elected to Congress. She was also the first <a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a> woman elected to the House from Florida. Ros-Lehtinen gave the first Republican <a href="/wiki/Response_to_the_State_of_the_Union_address" title="Response to the State of the Union address">response to the State of the Union address</a> in Spanish in <a href="/wiki/2011_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2011 State of the Union Address">2011</a>, and gave the third in <a href="/wiki/2014_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2014 State of the Union Address">2014</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2011, Ros-Lehtinen became the first Republican member of the U.S. Congress to co-sponsor the <a href="/wiki/Respect_for_Marriage_Act" title="Respect for Marriage Act">Respect for Marriage Act</a>, which would repeal the <a href="/wiki/Defense_of_Marriage_Act" title="Defense of Marriage Act">Defense of Marriage Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RespectForMarriage_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RespectForMarriage-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2012, Ros-Lehtinen became the first Republican in the House to support <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">same-sex marriage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 30, 2017, Ros-Lehtinen announced that she would not be running for re-election in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> <p>Ileana Ros y Adato was born in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, Cuba, one of two children born to <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Ros" title="Enrique Ros">Enrique Ros</a> (1924–2013), who later became a businessman and <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_Fidel_Castro" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to Fidel Castro">anti–Fidel Castro</a> activist, and his wife, Amanda Adato. The family immigrated to the United States when Ileana was seven years old. She received her <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a> and her <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">Master of Arts</a> in educational leadership from <a href="/wiki/Florida_International_University" title="Florida International University">Florida International University</a>. She attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Miami" title="University of Miami">University of Miami</a>, where she earned an <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Education" title="Doctor of Education">Ed.D</a> in <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vote-smart.org_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vote-smart.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ros-Lehtinen was raised Catholic and is now an <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopalian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vote-smart.org_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vote-smart.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ros-Lehtinen's maternal grandparents were <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardic</a> <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jews</a>, originally from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, who had been active in <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cuba" title="History of the Jews in Cuba">Cuba's Jewish community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ref1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her maternal grandfather left the city of <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1rklareli" title="Kırklareli">Kırklareli</a> for Cuba in 1913, fleeing the devastation and economic collapse caused by the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother later converted to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> to marry her father.<sup id="cite_ref-ref1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div> <p>Ros-Lehtinen was an educator and the owner/operator of a private school in <a href="/wiki/Miami-Dade_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami-Dade County">Miami-Dade County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Florida_House_of_Representatives" title="Florida House of Representatives">Florida House of Representatives</a> in 1982, where she met State Representative <a href="/wiki/Dexter_Lehtinen" title="Dexter Lehtinen">Dexter Lehtinen</a> (D-Miami). They married on June 9, 1984, after Dexter switched parties. They both served in the State House until 1986. That year, they were both elected to the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Senate" title="Florida Senate">Florida Senate</a>, where he was elected to District 40 and she was elected in District 34.<sup id="cite_ref-flsenate_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flsenate-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1988, Dexter Lehtinen resigned his seat to become U.S. Attorney of South Florida. In 1989, Ros-Lehtinen resigned her seat to become a U.S. Representative. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._House_of_Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Florida-representatives-take-oath-miami-federal-courthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Florida-representatives-take-oath-miami-federal-courthouse.jpg/220px-Florida-representatives-take-oath-miami-federal-courthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Florida-representatives-take-oath-miami-federal-courthouse.jpg/330px-Florida-representatives-take-oath-miami-federal-courthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Florida-representatives-take-oath-miami-federal-courthouse.jpg/440px-Florida-representatives-take-oath-miami-federal-courthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Ros-Lehtinen (right) being sworn in as a member of Congress by Chief Judge <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Michael_Moore" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevin Michael Moore">Kevin Michael Moore</a> (left), along with Florida colleagues <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Curbelo_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlos Curbelo (politician)">Carlos Curbelo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederica_Wilson" title="Frederica Wilson">Frederica Wilson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mario_D%C3%ADaz-Balart" title="Mario Díaz-Balart">Mario Díaz-Balart</a> in February 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>After incumbent <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> U.S. Congressman <a href="/wiki/Claude_Pepper" title="Claude Pepper">Claude Pepper</a> died on May 30, 1989, there was a <a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_18th_congressional_district_special_election,_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida's 18th congressional district special election, 1989">special election scheduled for August 29, 1989</a>. State Senator Ros-Lehtinen defeated Democrat Gerald Richman 53%–47%.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the first <a href="/wiki/Cuban_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban American">Cuban American</a> elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> and the first Republican woman elected from Florida. Upon her election, Ros-Lehtinen was incorrectly informed that she was also the first <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Latina</a> elected to Congress,<sup id="cite_ref-HRCInterview_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRCInterview-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first having been Rep. <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Vucanovich" title="Barbara Vucanovich">Barbara Vucanovich</a>, who was of partial <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican descent</a> and was elected in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1990, she won re-election to a full term with 60% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total, she was elected to fourteen full terms, never winning with less than 58%.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ros-Lehtinen joined Majority Leader <a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Steny Hoyer</a> (<a href="/wiki/U.S._Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Democratic Party">D</a>-<a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>) on a congressional delegation to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> in order to encourage international support for an end to the <a href="/wiki/Genocide_in_Darfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide in Darfur">genocide in Darfur</a>. In addition, when Ros-Lehtinen returned from a trip to Darfur in April 2007 where she visited <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudanese</a> refugee camps, she strongly encouraged the United States and the international community to find a solution to this humanitarian crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the 2008 elections, then President-elect <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> rang Ros-Lehtinen to congratulate her on her re-election. She hung up on him, believing that it was a <a href="/wiki/Prank_call" title="Prank call">prank call</a> from a radio station. She did the same to Obama's chief of staff <a href="/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel" title="Rahm Emanuel">Rahm Emanuel</a> when he rang to confirm the original call was genuine, and only accepted the call after Congressman <a href="/wiki/Howard_Berman" title="Howard Berman">Howard Berman</a> managed to speak to her.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ros-Lehtinen played a key role in keeping the International Protecting Girls by Preventing Child Marriage Act of 2010 from being passed into law.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the bill had unanimously passed the Senate with bipartisan support, she persuaded enough Republicans in the House to vote against the bill so that it did not receive the required two-thirds majority. She reportedly invoked concerns about the legislation's cost and that funds could be used to promote abortion.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Washington_Post_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Washington_Post-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ros-Lehtinen was Chairwoman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">House Foreign Affairs Committee</a> from <a href="/wiki/112th_United_States_Congress" title="112th United States Congress">2011–2013</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/2011_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Libyan civil war">2011 Libyan civil war</a>, she expressed support of the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan opposition">Libyan opposition</a>; on February 26, 2011, she released a press release which stated, "stronger penalties must be imposed in order to hold the regime accountable for its heinous crimes, and to prevent further violence against the Libyan people". But on March 20, 2011, the day after the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> strikes to enforce the <a href="/wiki/No_fly_zone#Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="No fly zone">no-fly-zone</a> began, she expressed a different view in a press release: "I am concerned that the President has yet to clearly define for the American people what vital United States security interests he believes are currently at stake in Libya."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The congresswoman has also been a forerunner in cutting U.S. aid to foreign lands, including the State Department, The Peace Corps, the Asia Foundation, the U.S. Institute of Peace and the <a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Center" title="East–West Center">East–West Center</a>. She also advocates cutting funding to Lebanese Armed Forces and the West Bank and Gaza.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After comments by State Department over <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli settlements">Israeli settlements</a>, she demanded that the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a> halt its "condemnations" of "an indispensable ally and friend of the United States." In September 2011, she introduced a bill to cut off US funding to any UN organization that recognises Palestinian statehood.<sup id="cite_ref-te_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-te-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ros-Lehtinen has been an opponent of funding for the Peace Corps. In 2011, she led a hearing about the perils that volunteers faced and the lack of concern for victims of sexual abuse while serving.<sup id="cite_ref-PC_Rape_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PC_Rape-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ros-Lehtinen pressured the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">State Department</a> to accelerate its processing of passports, something that had hindered American citizens' travel during the crucial summer travel season. Calling the delay "outrageous, incomprehensible, unconscionable" at a hearing of the <a href="/wiki/House_Foreign_Affairs_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Foreign Affairs Committee">House Foreign Affairs Committee</a>, where she is chairwoman, Ros-Lehtinen brought the pressure of committee Republicans to bear on the State Department's <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Consular_Affairs" title="Bureau of Consular Affairs">Bureau of Consular Affairs</a> and spur them to action.<sup id="cite_ref-Ease_Passport_Delays_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ease_Passport_Delays-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 7, 2014, Ros-Lehtinen introduced the <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Human_Rights_and_Democracy_Protection_Act_(H.R._4587;_113th_Congress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan Human Rights and Democracy Protection Act (H.R. 4587; 113th Congress)">Venezuelan Human Rights and Democracy Protection Act (H.R. 4587; 113th Congress)</a> in the House. The bill would impose <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions" title="International sanctions">sanctions</a> against <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> and <a href="/wiki/Authorization_bill" title="Authorization bill">authorize</a> <a href="/wiki/Appropriations_bill_(United_States)" title="Appropriations bill (United States)">appropriations</a> to support civil society in that country.<sup id="cite_ref-4587cbo_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4587cbo-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sanctions would be directed at any government official who was involved in the mistreatment of protestors.<sup id="cite_ref-HousePasses28_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HousePasses28-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ros-Lehtinen said that the bill was to "condemn the ongoing human rights abuses being committed in Venezuela, and to answer the cries of the people of Venezuela."<sup id="cite_ref-HousePasses28_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HousePasses28-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ros-Lehtinen also said that she was "pleased that the House of Representatives has acted to punish the thugs of the Maduro regime for brutally repressing and violating the human rights of those seeking to exercise their basic freedoms of speech and assembly in Venezuela."<sup id="cite_ref-AdamsMay28_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AdamsMay28-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Main_Street_Partnership" title="Republican Main Street Partnership">Republican Main Street Partnership</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Committee_assignments">Committee assignments</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">Committee on Foreign Affairs</a> (Chair, 2011–2013)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caucus_membership">Caucus membership</h3></div> <ul><li>Co-chair, Congressional Vision Caucus</li> <li>Co-chair, National Marine Sanctuary Caucus</li> <li>Congressional Pro-Life Women's Caucus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_Equality_Caucus" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT Equality Caucus">LGBT Equality Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_Solutions_Caucus" title="Climate Solutions Caucus">Climate Solutions Caucus</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Taiwan_Caucus" title="Congressional Taiwan Caucus">Congressional Taiwan Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Hispanic_Conference" title="Congressional Hispanic Conference">Congressional Hispanic Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congressional_International_Conservation_Caucus" title="United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus">United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Arts_Caucus" title="Congressional Arts Caucus">Congressional Arts Caucus</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afterschool_Caucuses" title="Afterschool Caucuses">Afterschool Caucuses</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_Solvers_Caucus" title="Problem Solvers Caucus">Problem Solvers Caucus</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_campaign_contributors">Notable campaign contributors</h3></div> <p>A major individual campaign contributor to Ros-Lehtinen is <a href="/wiki/Irving_Moskowitz" title="Irving Moskowitz">Irving Moskowitz</a>, a funder of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlements</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lobby group <a href="/wiki/J_Street_(advocacy_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="J Street (advocacy group)">J Street</a> has called on Ros-Lehtinen to return campaign contributions from Moskowitz, saying he "actively undermines the two-state solution and the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">foreign policy of the United States</a> by funding illegal settlements in the occupied territories".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American Council on World Jewry president Jack Rosen has "great concern"<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> about this demand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2></div> <p>A leading Republican moderate, Ros-Lehtinen opposed <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s 2016 presidential candidacy.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2017, she called on President Trump to remove <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a> from his position as chief strategist in the Trump administration.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of May 2018, Ros-Lehtinen had voted with her party in 85.7% of votes in the <a href="/wiki/115th_United_States_Congress" title="115th United States Congress">115th United States Congress</a> and voted in line with President Trump's position in 68.7% of the votes.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/National_Journal" title="National Journal">National Journal</a></i>, as cited in the Almanac of American Politics 2016, gave Ros-Lehtinen a composite score of 54% conservative and 46% liberal.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ros-Lehtinen was ranked as the sixth most bipartisan member of the U.S. House of Representatives during the <a href="/wiki/114th_United_States_Congress" title="114th United States Congress">114th United States Congress</a> in the Bipartisan Index, created by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar#The_Lugar_Center" title="Richard Lugar">The Lugar Center</a> and the <a href="/wiki/McCourt_School_of_Public_Policy" title="McCourt School of Public Policy">McCourt School of Public Policy</a> to assess <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">congressional</a> bipartisanship.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the first session of the <a href="/wiki/115th_United_States_Congress" title="115th United States Congress">115th United States Congress</a>, Ros-Lehtinen's ranking improved to second.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_issues">Economic issues</h3></div> <p>She signed the <a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_Protection_Pledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxpayer Protection Pledge">Taxpayer Protection Pledge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ros-Lehtinen voted against the <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_2008" title="Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008">Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008</a> in its initial September 29, 2008 vote, which failed,<sup id="cite_ref-Bailout_Roll_Call_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bailout_Roll_Call-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but voted in favor of the revised bill in its October 3, 2008 vote, which passed.<sup id="cite_ref-FINAL_VOTE_RESULTS_FOR_ROLL_CALL_681_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FINAL_VOTE_RESULTS_FOR_ROLL_CALL_681-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2017, she voted against a resolution that would have directed the House to request 10 years of Trump's tax returns, which would then have been reviewed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">House Ways and Means Committee</a> in a closed session.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ros-Lehtinen voted in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Iannelli122217_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iannelli122217-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to one estimate, 39,900 of Ros-Lehtinen's constituents could lose their health insurance in 2019 due to the bill's passage.<sup id="cite_ref-Iannelli122017_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iannelli122017-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3></div> <p>Ros-Lehtinen was rated 57% conservative and 43% liberal on foreign policy issues by the <i>National Journal</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ros-Lehtinen supported President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>'s surge policy in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, supports <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, and supports continued <a href="/wiki/United_States_embargo_against_Cuba" title="United States embargo against Cuba">sanctions against Cuba</a>. She also supported the <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> government in Honduras, headed by <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Micheletti" title="Roberto Micheletti">Roberto Micheletti</a>, that emerged after the <a href="/wiki/2009_Honduran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2009 Honduran coup d'état">military coup</a> against President <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Zelaya" title="Manuel Zelaya">Manuel Zelaya</a>. She has said of the decision to invade Iraq: "Whether or not there is a direct link to the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">World Trade Center</a> does not mean that Iraq is not meritorious of shedding blood. The common link is that they hate America."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 23, 2010, she called on the Obama administration to "announce publicly, right now, that we will stay away from <a href="/wiki/Durban_III" title="Durban III">Durban III</a>, deny it US taxpayer dollars, and oppose all measures that seek to facilitate it. And we should encourage other responsible nations to do the same."<sup id="cite_ref-anne_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anne-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ros-Lehtinen opposes US support to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency_for_Palestine_Refugees_in_the_Near_East" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East">United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East</a><sup id="cite_ref-te_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-te-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>. She describes herself as a "strong supporter of Israel" and regards the U.S. relationship with Israel as "critical to the national security interests of both nations".<sup id="cite_ref-irl-fa_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irl-fa-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ros-Lehtinen supported President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s decision to <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cuba">Cuba</h4></div> <p>Ros-Lehtinen played a prominent role in the <a href="/wiki/Cuban-American_lobby" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban-American lobby">Cuban-American lobby</a>, which puts pressure on the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban government">Cuban government</a> to bring about political change in Cuba. She was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Cuba_Democracy_Caucus" title="Congressional Cuba Democracy Caucus">Congressional Cuba Democracy Caucus</a>. Ros-Lehtinen also advanced strongly held views on Cuba, and lobbied against ending the <a href="/wiki/United_States_embargo_against_Cuba" title="United States embargo against Cuba">United States embargo</a> against that country. In 2004 she formed the Cuba Democracy Group aimed at curtailing U.S. agriculture exports and preventing U.S. banks from doing business with the Cuban government.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ros-Lehtinen has defended former fugitive Velentin Hernández, convicted of murdering Luciano Nieves, a fellow <a href="/wiki/Cuban_exile" title="Cuban exile">Cuban exile</a> who supported negotiations with the Cuban government,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1980s, Ros-Lehtinen lobbied for the release and pardon of Cuban exile <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Bosch" title="Orlando Bosch">Orlando Bosch</a>, who had been convicted of <a href="/wiki/Terrorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorist">terrorist</a> acts and has also been accused of involvement in the 1976 bombing of <a href="/wiki/Cubana_Flight_455" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubana Flight 455">Cubana Flight 455</a>, which killed 73 people, helping organize an "Orlando Bosch day" to gain support for his release.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ros-Lehtinen played a prominent role in the unsuccessful attempt by relatives of <a href="/wiki/Elian_Gonzalez" class="mw-redirect" title="Elian Gonzalez">Elian Gonzalez</a> to gain custody of six-year-old from the Castro regime, describing Cuba as "that system of godless <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also attempted to block <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>'s visit to the island in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ros-Lehtinen stirred controversy by calling for the assassination of Cuban leader <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a>. She appeared in a British documentary, which was entitled <i><a href="/wiki/638_Ways_to_Kill_Castro" title="638 Ways to Kill Castro">638 Ways to Kill Castro</a></i>, saying: "I welcome the opportunity of having anyone assassinate Fidel Castro and any leader who is oppressing the people." After a 28-second clip began circulating on the Internet, she claimed the filmmakers spliced clips together to get the sound bite. Twenty-four hours after the controversy erupted, director Dollan Cannell sent unedited tapes of his interview with Ros-Lehtinen to reporters. The uncut version contradicted her response, showing she had twice welcomed an attempt on Castro's life. Although she attempted to distance herself from her denial, filmmaker Cannell requested an apology.<sup id="cite_ref-apology_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apology-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration_and_refugees">Immigration and refugees</h3></div> <p>Ros-Lehtinen opposed President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s 2017 <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">executive order</a> to temporarily curtail Muslim immigration until better screening methods are devised. She stated that "I object to the suspension of visas from the seven named countries because we could have accomplished our objective of keeping our homeland safe by immediate implementation of more thorough screening procedures."<sup id="cite_ref-Timmons_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timmons-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abortion">Abortion</h3></div> <p>In 2003, she received a 0% rating from <a href="/wiki/NARAL_Pro-Choice_America" class="mw-redirect" title="NARAL Pro-Choice America">NARAL Pro-Choice America</a>. In 2006, she received a 100% rating from the <a href="/wiki/National_Right_to_Life_Committee" title="National Right to Life Committee">National Right to Life Committee</a> for her abortion-related voting record. She is against allowing federal funds and federal health coverage for abortions. She wants to stop <a href="/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cell" title="Embryonic stem cell">embryonic stem cell</a> research. She has voted to make it a crime to harm a <a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">fetus</a> while committing a crime. She is against <a href="/wiki/Partial-birth_abortions" class="mw-redirect" title="Partial-birth abortions">partial-birth abortions</a> unless it is necessary to save the mother's life. She has voted to ban minors from being transported to receive an abortion and wants to prohibit minors from traveling over state lines for abortions.<sup id="cite_ref-OTI_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OTI-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drug_policy">Drug policy</h3></div> <p>Ros-Lehtinen has a "B" rating from <a href="/wiki/NORML" class="mw-redirect" title="NORML">NORML</a> for her voting history regarding <a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>-related causes. Ros-Lehtinen supports veterans having access to medical marijuana if recommended by their <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Health_Administration" title="Veterans Health Administration">Veterans Health Administration</a> doctor and if it is legal for medicinal purposes in their state of residence.<sup id="cite_ref-NORML_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NORML-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_issues">LGBT issues</h3></div> <p>Ros-Lehtinen has been a notable Republican voice in favor of <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a>. In a Winter 2013 interview with the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Campaign" title="Human Rights Campaign">Human Rights Campaign</a>, she stated that her support for <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> was based on "coming from Cuba, losing my homeland to communism, seeing the state control everything—I'm a person that believes in individual liberties and not having the government control everything." When asked about her support for her son <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Lehtinen" title="Rodrigo Lehtinen">Rodrigo</a>, a transgender LGBT rights advocate, Ros-Lehtinen commented that: </p> <blockquote><p>It's important for families to support their children and to support their children's choices. It's important to listen to your children, accept your children and have your children know that you love them unconditionally. It's not "I love you, but ..."—there's no "but." "It's just "I love you."... To do otherwise is—you're hurting yourself, you're going to shun your child or grandchild. You're going to say, "No, I have my views and my views are the perfect views and no one can have a different point of view. I'm right and everything else is wrong." And that's a lonely way to live. It just means you'll be out of that person's life, and who wants to be cut out of their child's life?<sup id="cite_ref-HRCInterview_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRCInterview-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Although Ros-Lehtinen voted for the <a href="/wiki/Defense_of_Marriage_Act" title="Defense of Marriage Act">Defense of Marriage Act</a> in 1996,<sup id="cite_ref-DOMAvote_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOMAvote-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she began to support LGBT issues over the following decade (due in part to her district, which includes large <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> populations in <a href="/wiki/South_Beach" title="South Beach">South Beach</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miami_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami Beach">Miami Beach</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Keys" title="Florida Keys">Florida Keys</a>, as well as Rodrigo <a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">coming out</a>). She was one of three Republican members of the <a href="/wiki/LGBT_Equality_Caucus" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT Equality Caucus">LGBT Equality Caucus</a>, of which she is a founding member and a vice-chairwoman. While she is not a co-sponsor of the <a href="/wiki/Uniting_American_Families_Act" title="Uniting American Families Act">Uniting American Families Act</a>, she supports anti-<a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crime</a> laws, anti-discrimination bills, believes gays and lesbians should be allowed to serve openly in the armed forces, is a sponsor of the <a href="/wiki/Domestic_Partnership_Benefits_and_Obligations_Act" title="Domestic Partnership Benefits and Obligations Act">Domestic Partnership Benefits and Obligations Act</a>, and voted against the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Marriage_Amendment" title="Federal Marriage Amendment">Federal Marriage Amendment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ros-Lehtinen was one of fifteen Republican House members to vote in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Ask,_Don%27t_Tell_Repeal_Act_of_2010" title="Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010">Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010</a>, and was the first Republican cosponsor of the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-HRCInterview_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRCInterview-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-metro_weekly_20101215_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metro_weekly_20101215-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_20101215_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_20101215-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2011, Ros-Lehtinen became the first Republican member of the U.S. Congress to co-sponsor the <a href="/wiki/Respect_for_Marriage_Act" title="Respect for Marriage Act">Respect for Marriage Act</a>, and signed on to a letter to IRS Commissioner Schulman requesting that the IRS provide clear guidance for LGBT taxpayers.<sup id="cite_ref-RespectForMarriage_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RespectForMarriage-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The letter asks the IRS to ensure that tax law is being applied fairly to all individuals. In July 2012, she became the first Republican in the House to fully support same-sex marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, Ros-Lehtinen was a signatory to an amicus curiae brief submitted to the Supreme Court in support of same-sex marriage during the <i><a href="/wiki/Hollingsworth_v._Perry" title="Hollingsworth v. Perry">Hollingsworth v. Perry</a></i> case.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-congressional_career">Post-congressional career</h2></div> <p>Ros-Lehtinen has remained active in politics since leaving office, endorsing the Republican campaign of <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Elvira_Salazar" title="María Elvira Salazar">María Elvira Salazar</a> for her old congressional seat in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She donated to the congressional reelection campaign of Democrat <a href="/wiki/Frederica_Wilson" title="Frederica Wilson">Frederica Wilson</a> in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lobbying_career">Lobbying career</h3></div> <p>After leaving Congress, Ros-Lehtinen was hired by the lobbying firm <a href="/wiki/Akin_Gump_Strauss_Hauer_%26_Feld" title="Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld">Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld</a> (Akin Gump).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, she was among the Akin Gump lobbyists hired by <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Steel" title="Nippon Steel">Nippon Steel</a> to navigate the <a href="/wiki/Proposed_acquisition_of_U.S._Steel_by_Nippon_Steel" title="Proposed acquisition of U.S. Steel by Nippon Steel">proposed acquisition of U.S. Steel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Arab_Emirates_lobbying_controversy">United Arab Emirates lobbying controversy</h4></div> <p>At Akin Gump, she has worked as a foreign agent for the government of the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2020, she was involved in the Emirates’ attempt of defaming the regional rival <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, where a report of 124 pages was published by her. Entitled <i>Report Concerning Qatar’s Al Jazeera Media Network & The Foreign Agents Registration Act</i>, the report submitted to the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Agents_Registration_Act" title="Foreign Agents Registration Act">FARA</a> claimed that the media agency <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a></i> was funded, owned, directed and controlled by Qatar. Both the lobbying firm and Ros were putting efforts on behalf of the UAE to crush the global influence of Al Jazeera.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Department_of_Justice_investigation">Department of Justice investigation</h3></div> <p>In September 2020, the <a href="/wiki/US_Justice_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="US Justice Department">US Justice Department</a>’s Public Integrity Section opened an investigation into allegations against Ileana Ros that she misused campaign funds. She allegedly used the funds for personal expenses and vacations, where expense reports from a political action committee showed $4,000 spent on a trip to <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_World" title="Walt Disney World">Walt Disney World</a> with family in December 2017 and another transaction of $3,100 at a restaurant on New Year's Eve in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <p>In 1984, Ros-Lehtinen married <a href="/wiki/Dexter_Lehtinen" title="Dexter Lehtinen">Dexter Lehtinen</a>, a former attorney for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Florida" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida">U.S. District Court for the Southern District</a>, with whom she has two children, <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Lehtinen" title="Rodrigo Lehtinen">Rodrigo</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a> activist, and Patricia Marie.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is also step-mother to Katherine and Douglas Lehtinen. She is an <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopalian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Propitious_Clouds" title="Order of Propitious Clouds">Order of Propitious Clouds</a> with Special Grand Cordon (2018).<sup id="cite_ref-officeofthepresident_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-officeofthepresident-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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January 28, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Ros-Lehtinen+to+deliver+Spanish+SOTU+response&rft.date=2014-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fblogs%2Fblog-briefing-room%2Fnews%2F196639-rep-ros-lehtinen-to-deliver-state-of-the-union-gop-response-in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIleana+Ros-Lehtinen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RespectForMarriage-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RespectForMarriage_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RespectForMarriage_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReilly2011" class="citation news cs1">Reilly, Ryan J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Ex-Florida+GOP+congresswoman+under+federal+investigation%3A+report&rft.date=2020-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fhouse%2F517913-ex-florida-gop-congresswoman-under-federal-investigation-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIleana+Ros-Lehtinen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/19/ileana-ros-lehtinen-transgender-son_n_6185310.html">"Ileana Ros-Lehtinen Opens Up About Her Son, The First Trans Child Of A Member Of Congress"</a>. <i>The Huffington Post</i>. 19 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Ileana+Ros-Lehtinen+Opens+Up+About+Her+Son%2C+The+First+Trans+Child+Of+A+Member+Of+Congress&rft.date=2014-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F11%2F19%2Fileana-ros-lehtinen-transgender-son_n_6185310.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIleana+Ros-Lehtinen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2012/11/113-congress-relig-affil.pdf">"The Religious Affiliation of Each Member of Congress"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pew Research</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research&rft.atitle=The+Religious+Affiliation+of+Each+Member+of+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F7%2F2012%2F11%2F113-congress-relig-affil.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIleana+Ros-Lehtinen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-officeofthepresident-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-officeofthepresident_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.president.gov.tw/Page/103">"Decorations of the Republic of China (Taiwan)"</a>. <i>Office of the President of the Republic of China (Taiwan)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2020</span>. <q>2018-4-2 United States of America Order of Propitious Clouds with Special Grand Cordon Chairman Emeritus of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs Ileana Ros-Lehtinen</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+President+of+the+Republic+of+China+%28Taiwan%29&rft.atitle=Decorations+of+the+Republic+of+China+%28Taiwan%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.president.gov.tw%2FPage%2F103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIleana+Ros-Lehtinen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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title="Claude Pepper">Claude Pepper</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Florida">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_18th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 18th congressional district">Florida's 18th congressional district</a> </b><br />1989–2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Murphy_(Florida_politician)" title="Patrick Murphy (Florida politician)">Patrick Murphy</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New office</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Hispanic_Conference" title="Congressional Hispanic Conference">Congressional Hispanic Conference</a> </b><br />2003–2007 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Fortu%C3%B1o" title="Luis Fortuño">Luis Fortuño</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New constituency</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Florida">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_27th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 27th congressional district">Florida's 27th congressional district</a> </b><br />2013–2019 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Donna Shalala</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Berman" title="Howard Berman">Howard Berman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">House Foreign Affairs Committee</a> </b><br />2011–2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Royce_(politician)" title="Ed Royce (politician)">Ed Royce</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Rush" title="Bobby Rush">Bobby Rush</a></div><i><b>as Former US Representative 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<li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Archer" title="William S. Archer">Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Moore_Wayne" class="mw-redirect" title="James Moore Wayne">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Y._Mason" title="John Y. Mason">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Chew_Howard" title="Benjamin Chew Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Wilkinson_Pickens" title="Francis Wilkinson Pickens">Pickens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Cushing" title="Caleb Cushing">Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jared_Ingersoll" title="Charles Jared Ingersoll">Ingersoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Smith" title="Truman Smith">T. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_McClernand" class="mw-redirect" title="John Alexander McClernand">McClernand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Bayly" title="Thomas H. Bayly">Bayly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_C._M._Pennington" title="Alexander C. M. Pennington">Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Clingman" title="Thomas L. Clingman">Clingman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Hopkins" title="George Washington Hopkins">Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin" title="Thomas Corwin">Corwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Winter_Davis" title="Henry Winter Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Myers_(politician)" title="Leonard Myers (politician)">Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godlove_S._Orth" title="Godlove S. Orth">Orth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Swann" title="Thomas Swann">Swann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Cox" title="Samuel S. Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Williams" title="Charles G. Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg_Curtin" title="Andrew Gregg Curtin">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Belmont" title="Perry Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._McCreary" title="James B. McCreary">McCreary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Hitt" title="Robert R. Hitt">Hitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Henderson_Blount" title="James Henderson Blount">Blount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._McCreary" title="James B. McCreary">McCreary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Hitt" title="Robert R. Hitt">Hitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Cousins" title="Robert G. Cousins">Cousins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Breck_Perkins" title="James Breck Perkins">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Foster" title="David J. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sulzer" title="William Sulzer">Sulzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bennett_Smith" title="Charles Bennett Smith">C. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_D._Flood" title="Henry D. Flood">Flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_G._Porter" title="Stephen G. Porter">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Wilson Temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Linthicum" class="mw-redirect" title="John Charles Linthicum">Linthicum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Davis_McReynolds" title="Samuel Davis McReynolds">McReynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Bloom" title="Sol Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Aubrey_Eaton" title="Charles Aubrey Eaton">Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Bloom" title="Sol Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kee" title="John Kee">Kee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Richards" title="James P. Richards">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Chiperfield" title="Robert B. Chiperfield">Chiperfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Richards" title="James P. Richards">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Gordon" title="Thomas S. Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Morgan" title="Thomas E. Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_J._Zablocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement J. Zablocki">Zablocki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Fascell" title="Dante Fascell">Fascell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Hamilton" title="Lee Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gilman" title="Benjamin Gilman">Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hyde" title="Henry Hyde">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Lantos" title="Tom Lantos">Lantos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Berman" title="Howard Berman">Berman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ros-Lehtinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Royce_(politician)" title="Ed Royce (politician)">Royce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Engel" title="Eliot Engel">Engel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Meeks" title="Gregory Meeks">Meeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">McCaul</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Florida" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Florida" title="Template:United States representatives from Florida"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_representatives_from_Florida" title="Template talk:United States representatives from Florida"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Florida" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States representatives from Florida"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Florida" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Florida" title="List of United States representatives from Florida">Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Florida</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Florida_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Florida Territory's at-large congressional district">Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Marion_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Joseph Marion Hernández">Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_K._Call" title="Richard K. Call">Call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._White" title="Joseph M. White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Downing" title="Charles Downing">Downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Levy_Yulee" title="David Levy Yulee">Levy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Florida's at-large congressional district">At-large</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carrington_Cabell" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Carrington Cabell">Cabell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Brockenbrough" class="mw-redirect" title="William Henry Brockenbrough">Brockenbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carrington_Cabell" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Carrington Cabell">Cabell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Maxwell" title="Augustus Maxwell">Maxwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sydney_Hawkins" title="George Sydney Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Memorial_Hamilton" title="Charles Memorial Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_T._Walls" title="Josiah T. Walls">Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_L._Niblack" title="Silas L. Niblack">Niblack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Purman" title="William J. Purman">Purman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josiah_T._Walls" title="Josiah T. Walls">Walls</a> (served concurrently)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_L%27Engle" title="Claude L'Engle">L'Engle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Sears" title="William J. Sears">Sears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Green" title="Robert A. Green">Green</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/100px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/150px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/200px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida01 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Florida's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Purman" title="William J. Purman">Purman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._M._Davidson" title="Robert H. M. Davidson">Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mallory_II" title="Stephen Mallory II">Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_M._Sparkman" title="Stephen M. Sparkman">Sparkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Drane" title="Herbert J. Drane">Drane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Hardin_Peterson" title="J. Hardin Peterson">Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_B._McMullen" title="Chester B. McMullen">McMullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtney_W._Campbell" title="Courtney W. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Cramer" title="William C. Cramer">Cramer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Sikes" title="Bob Sikes">Sikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Hutto" title="Earl Hutto">Hutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Scarborough" title="Joe Scarborough">Scarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Miller_(Florida_politician)" title="Jeff Miller (Florida politician)">J. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Gaetz" title="Matt Gaetz">Gaetz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida02 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Florida's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_T._Walls" title="Josiah T. Walls">Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_J._Finley" title="Jesse J. Finley">Finley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Bisbee_Jr." title="Horatio Bisbee Jr.">Bisbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_J._Finley" title="Jesse J. Finley">Finley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_A._Hull" title="Noble A. Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Bisbee_Jr." title="Horatio Bisbee Jr.">Bisbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_J._Finley" title="Jesse J. Finley">Finley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Bisbee_Jr." title="Horatio Bisbee Jr.">Bisbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dougherty_(Florida_politician)" title="Charles Dougherty (Florida politician)">Dougherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bullock" title="Robert Bullock">Bullock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Merian_Cooper" title="Charles Merian Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wyche_Davis" title="Robert Wyche Davis">R. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Clark_(politician)" title="Frank Clark (politician)">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Green" title="Robert A. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_H._Price" title="Emory H. Price">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Bennett_(politician)" title="Charles E. Bennett (politician)">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Fuqua" title="Don Fuqua">Fuqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Grant" title="James W. Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Peterson" title="Pete Peterson">Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Boyd" title="Allen Boyd">Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Southerland_(Florida_politician)" title="Steve Southerland (Florida politician)">Southerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Graham" title="Gwen Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Dunn" title="Neal Dunn">Dunn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida03 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Florida's 3rd congressional district">3rd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bailey_Lamar" title="William Bailey Lamar">Lamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dannite_H._Mays" class="mw-redirect" title="Dannite H. Mays">Mays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Wilson" title="Emmett Wilson">E. Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kehoe" title="Walter Kehoe">Kehoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Smithwick" title="John H. Smithwick">Smithwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_A._Yon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom A. Yon">Yon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Caldwell" title="Millard Caldwell">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Sikes" title="Bob Sikes">Sikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Pepper" title="Claude Pepper">Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Bennett_(politician)" title="Charles E. Bennett (politician)">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrine_Brown" title="Corrine Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Yoho" title="Ted Yoho">Yoho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kat_Cammack" title="Kat Cammack">Cammack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida04 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 4th congressional district">4th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Sears" title="William J. Sears">Sears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bryan_Owen" title="Ruth Bryan Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Mark_Wilcox" title="J. Mark Wilcox">Wilcox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Cannon" title="Pat Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Smathers" title="George Smathers">Smathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Lantaff" title="Bill Lantaff">Lantaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Fascell" title="Dante Fascell">Fascell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syd_Herlong" title="Syd Herlong">Herlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Chappell" title="Bill Chappell">Chappell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_James_(politician)" title="Craig James (politician)">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillie_Fowler" title="Tillie Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ander_Crenshaw" title="Ander Crenshaw">Crenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutherford_(Florida_politician)" title="John Rutherford (Florida politician)">Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Bean" title="Aaron Bean">Bean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida05 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 5th congressional district">5th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Hendricks" title="Joe Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syd_Herlong" title="Syd Herlong">Herlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gurney" title="Edward Gurney">Gurney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Frey_Jr." title="Louis Frey Jr.">Frey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gunter" title="Bill Gunter">Gunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kelly_(Florida_politician)" title="Richard Kelly (Florida politician)">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_McCollum" title="Bill McCollum">McCollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Thurman" title="Karen Thurman">Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginny_Brown-Waite" title="Ginny Brown-Waite">Brown-Waite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Nugent" title="Rich Nugent">Nugent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrine_Brown" title="Corrine Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Lawson" title="Al Lawson">Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutherford_(Florida_politician)" title="John Rutherford (Florida politician)">Rutherford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida06 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 6th congressional district">6th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_L._Rogers" title="Dwight L. Rogers">D. Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Rogers_(politician)" title="Paul Rogers (politician)">P. Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Gibbons" title="Sam Gibbons">Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Young_(Florida_politician)" title="Bill Young (Florida politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_MacKay" title="Buddy MacKay">MacKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Stearns" title="Cliff Stearns">Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">DeSantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Waltz" title="Michael Waltz">Waltz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida07 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 7th congressional district">7th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Haley" title="James A. Haley">Haley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Gibbons" title="Sam Gibbons">Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mica" title="John Mica">J. Mica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Murphy" title="Stephanie Murphy">S. Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_Mills" title="Cory Mills">Mills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida08 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 8th congressional district">8th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Ray_Matthews" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Ray Matthews">Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Cramer" title="William C. Cramer">Cramer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Young_(Florida_politician)" title="Bill Young (Florida politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Haley" title="James A. Haley">Haley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Ireland" title="Andy Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Young_(Florida_politician)" title="Bill Young (Florida politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_McCollum" title="Bill McCollum">McCollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ric_Keller" title="Ric Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Grayson" title="Alan Grayson">Grayson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster_(Florida_politician)" title="Daniel Webster (Florida politician)">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Posey" title="Bill Posey">Posey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida09 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_9th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 9th congressional district">9th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Fuqua" title="Don Fuqua">Fuqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Rogers_(politician)" title="Paul Rogers (politician)">P. Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Frey_Jr." title="Louis Frey Jr.">Frey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Nelson" title="Bill Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bilirakis" title="Michael Bilirakis">M. Bilirakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Bilirakis" title="Gus Bilirakis">G. Bilirakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Grayson" title="Alan Grayson">Grayson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Soto" title="Darren Soto">Soto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida10 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 10th congressional district">10th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Gibbons" title="Sam Gibbons">Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Herbert_Burke" title="J. Herbert Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skip_Bafalis" title="Skip Bafalis">Bafalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Ireland" title="Andy Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Young_(Florida_politician)" title="Bill Young (Florida politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster_(Florida_politician)" title="Daniel Webster (Florida politician)">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Demings" title="Val Demings">Demings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Frost" title="Maxwell Frost">Frost</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida11 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 11th congressional district">11th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gurney" title="Edward Gurney">Gurney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Pepper" title="Claude Pepper">Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Rogers_(politician)" title="Paul Rogers (politician)">P. Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Mica" title="Dan Mica">D. Mica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Nelson" title="Bill Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bacchus" title="Jim Bacchus">Bacchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Gibbons" title="Sam Gibbons">Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Davis_(Florida_politician)" title="Jim Davis (Florida politician)">J. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Castor" title="Kathy Castor">Castor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Nugent" title="Rich Nugent">Nugent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster_(Florida_politician)" title="Daniel Webster (Florida politician)">Webster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida12 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 12th congressional district">12th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Cramer" title="William C. Cramer">Cramer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Fascell" title="Dante Fascell">Fascell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Herbert_Burke" title="J. Herbert Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Stack" title="Edward J. Stack">Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_Shaw_(politician)" title="Clay Shaw (politician)">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Lewis_(American_politician)" title="Tom Lewis (American politician)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Canady" title="Charles Canady">Canady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Putnam" title="Adam Putnam">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ross_(politician)" title="Dennis Ross (politician)">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Bilirakis" title="Gus Bilirakis">Bilirakis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida13 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 13th congressional district">13th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Lehman_(Florida_politician)" title="William Lehman (Florida politician)">Lehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connie_Mack_III" title="Connie Mack III">Mack III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_Goss" title="Porter Goss">Goss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Miller_(Florida_politician)" title="Dan Miller (Florida politician)">D. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Harris" title="Katherine Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vern_Buchanan" title="Vern Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Young_(Florida_politician)" title="Bill Young (Florida politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Jolly" title="David Jolly">Jolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Crist" title="Charlie Crist">Crist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Paulina_Luna" title="Anna Paulina Luna">Luna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida14 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_14th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 14th congressional district">14th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Pepper" title="Claude Pepper">Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Mica" title="Dan Mica">D. Mica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Johnston_(American_politician)" title="Harry Johnston (American politician)">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_Goss" title="Porter Goss">Goss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connie_Mack_IV" title="Connie Mack IV">Mack IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Castor" title="Kathy Castor">Castor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida15 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_15th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 15th congressional district">15th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Fascell" title="Dante Fascell">Fascell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_Shaw_(politician)" title="Clay Shaw (politician)">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bacchus" title="Jim Bacchus">Bacchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Weldon" title="Dave Weldon">Weldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Posey" title="Bill Posey">Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_A._Ross" class="mw-redirect" title="Dennis A. Ross">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Spano" title="Ross Spano">Spano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Franklin_(politician)" title="Scott Franklin (politician)">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_Lee" title="Laurel Lee">Lee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida16 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_16th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 16th congressional district">16th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_J._Smith" title="Lawrence J. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Lewis_(American_politician)" title="Tom Lewis (American politician)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Foley" title="Mark Foley">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Mahoney" title="Tim Mahoney">Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Rooney_(Florida_politician)" title="Tom Rooney (Florida politician)">T. Rooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vern_Buchanan" title="Vern Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida17 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_17th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 17th congressional district">17th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Lehman_(Florida_politician)" title="William Lehman (Florida politician)">Lehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_P._Meek" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrie P. Meek">C. Meek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Meek" title="Kendrick Meek">K. Meek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederica_Wilson" title="Frederica Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Rooney_(Florida_politician)" title="Tom Rooney (Florida politician)">T. Rooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Steube" title="Greg Steube">Steube</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida18 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_18th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 18th congressional district">18th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Pepper" title="Claude Pepper">Pepper</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ros-Lehtinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Murphy_(Florida_politician)" title="Patrick Murphy (Florida politician)">P. Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Mast" title="Brian Mast">Mast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Franklin_(politician)" title="Scott Franklin (politician)">Franklin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida19 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_19th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 19th congressional district">19th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Fascell" title="Dante Fascell">Fascell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Johnston_(American_politician)" title="Harry Johnston (American politician)">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wexler" title="Robert Wexler">Wexler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Deutch" title="Ted Deutch">Deutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trey_Radel" title="Trey Radel">Radel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curt_Clawson" title="Curt Clawson">Clawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Rooney" title="Francis Rooney">F. Rooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Donalds" title="Byron Donalds">Donalds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida20 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_20th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 20th congressional district">20th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Deutsch" title="Peter Deutsch">Deutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Wasserman_Schultz" title="Debbie Wasserman Schultz">Wasserman Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcee_Hastings" title="Alcee Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Cherfilus-McCormick" title="Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick">Cherfilus-McCormick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida21 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_21st_congressional_district" title="Florida's 21st congressional district">21st district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_D%C3%ADaz-Balart" title="Lincoln Díaz-Balart">L. Díaz-Balart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_D%C3%ADaz-Balart" title="Mario Díaz-Balart">M. Díaz-Balart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Deutch" title="Ted Deutch">Deutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_Frankel" title="Lois Frankel">Frankel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Mast" title="Brian Mast">Mast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida22 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_22nd_congressional_district" title="Florida's 22nd congressional district">22nd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clay_Shaw_(politician)" title="Clay Shaw (politician)">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Klein" title="Ron Klein">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_West_(politician)" title="Allen West (politician)">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_Frankel" title="Lois Frankel">Frankel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Deutch" title="Ted Deutch">Deutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_Frankel" title="Lois Frankel">Frankel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida23 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_23rd_congressional_district" title="Florida's 23rd congressional district">23rd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcee_Hastings" title="Alcee Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Wasserman_Schultz" title="Debbie Wasserman Schultz">Wasserman Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Moskowitz" title="Jared Moskowitz">Moskowitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida24 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_24th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 24th congressional district">24th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Feeney" title="Tom Feeney">Feeney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Kosmas" title="Suzanne Kosmas">Kosmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Adams" title="Sandy Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederica_Wilson" title="Frederica Wilson">F. Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida25 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_25th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 25th congressional district">25th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mario_D%C3%ADaz-Balart" title="Mario Díaz-Balart">M. Díaz-Balart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rivera" title="David Rivera">Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_D%C3%ADaz-Balart" title="Mario Díaz-Balart">M. Díaz-Balart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Wasserman_Schultz" title="Debbie Wasserman Schultz">Wasserman Schultz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida26 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_26th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 26th congressional district">26th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Garcia" title="Joe Garcia">Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Curbelo" title="Carlos Curbelo">Curbelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Mucarsel-Powell" title="Debbie Mucarsel-Powell">Mucarsel-Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_A._Gim%C3%A9nez" title="Carlos A. Giménez">Giménez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_D%C3%ADaz-Balart" title="Mario Díaz-Balart">M. Díaz-Balart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida27 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_27th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 27th congressional district">27th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ros-Lehtinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Shalala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Elvira_Salazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Elvira Salazar">Salazar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><span data-sort-value="Florida28 !"><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_28th_congressional_district" title="Florida's 28th congressional district">28th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_A._Gim%C3%A9nez" title="Carlos A. Giménez">Giménez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Florida_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Florida_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:Florida Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Florida_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:Florida Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Florida_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Florida Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Florida_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Florida_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Florida Women's Hall of Fame">Florida Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Administered by the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women" title="Florida Commission on the Status of Women">Florida Commission on the Status of Women</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helene_S._Coleman" title="Helene S. Coleman">Helene S. Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Gordon" title="Elaine Gordon">Elaine Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Celeste_Goehring_Harvey" title="Wilhelmina Celeste Goehring Harvey">Wilhelmina Celeste Goehring Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paula_Mae_Milton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paula Mae Milton (page does not exist)">Paula Mae Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jo_Palmer" title="Barbara Jo Palmer">Barbara Jo Palmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roxcy_Bolton" title="Roxcy Bolton">Roxcy O'Neal Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Landstreet_Frye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbara Landstreet Frye (page does not exist)">Barbara Landstreet Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_B._Smithers_Hughes" title="Lena B. Smithers Hughes">Lena B. Smithers Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybil_Collins_Mobley" title="Sybil Collins Mobley">Sybil Collins Mobley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Muir_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helen Muir (journalist)">Helen Muir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gladys_Pumariega_Soler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gladys Pumariega Soler (page does not exist)">Gladys Pumariega Soler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Tuttle" title="Julia Tuttle">Julia DeForest Sturtevant Tuttle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Ackerman" title="Annie Ackerman">Annie Ackerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Barkett" title="Rosemary Barkett">Rosemary Barkett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Sawyer_Cherry" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwendolyn Sawyer Cherry">Gwendolyn Sawyer Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Dodd" title="Dorothy Dodd">Dorothy Dodd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas" title="Marjory Stoneman Douglas">Marjory Stoneman Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsie_Jones_Hare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elsie Jones Hare (page does not exist)">Elsie Jones Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Johnson_(American_politician)" title="Beth Johnson (American politician)">Elizabeth McCullough Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Bartlett_Kinne" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Bartlett Kinne">Frances Bartlett Kinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arva_Moore_Parks_McCabe" title="Arva Moore Parks McCabe">Arva Moore Parks McCabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Kinnan_Rawlings" title="Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings">Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Barbara_Seibert" class="mw-redirect" title="Florence Barbara Seibert">Florence Barbara Seibert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marilyn_K._Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marilyn K. Smith (page does not exist)">Marilyn K. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eartha_M._M._White" title="Eartha M. M. White">Eartha M. M. White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran" title="Jacqueline Cochran">Jacqueline Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_P._Meek" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrie P. Meek">Carrie P. Meek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bryan_Owen" title="Ruth Bryan Owen">Ruth Bryan Owen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Skelton_Frankman_Erde" class="mw-redirect" title="Betty Skelton Frankman Erde">Betty Skelton Frankman Erde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Pedroso" title="Paulina Pedroso">Paulina Pedroso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Beare" title="Nikki Beare">Nikki Beare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Mae_Jumper" class="mw-redirect" title="Betty Mae Jumper">Betty Mae Jumper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Nichols_Milton" title="Gladys Nichols Milton">Gladys Nichols Milton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Stocking_Crosslin" title="Evelyn Stocking Crosslin">Evelyn Stocking Crosslin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JoAnn_H._Morgan" title="JoAnn H. Morgan">JoAnn Hardin Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Brooks_Pryor" title="Sarah Brooks Pryor">Sarah Brooks Pryor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Harris_Carr" title="Marjorie Harris Carr">Marjorie Harris Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Castor" title="Betty Castor">Betty Castor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_Julia_Cromartie_Stranahan" title="Ivy Julia Cromartie Stranahan">Ivy Julia Cromartie Stranahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Baro" title="Alicia Baro">Alicia Baro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carita_Doggett_Corse" title="Carita Doggett Corse">Carita Doggett Corse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Athalie_Range" title="M. Athalie Range">M. Athalie Range</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Gordon_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Helen Gordon Davis">Helen Gordon Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattie_Belle_Davis" title="Mattie Belle Davis">Mattie Belle Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Fulwylie-Bankston" title="Christine Fulwylie-Bankston">Christine Fulwylie-Bankston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Althea_Gibson" title="Althea Gibson">Althea Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Jeanne_O%27Laughlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister Jeanne O'Laughlin">Sister Jeanne O'Laughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessie_Smith_Prescott" title="Dessie Smith Prescott">Dessie Smith Prescott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Evert" title="Chris Evert">Chris Evert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Hawkins_(politician)" title="Paula Hawkins (politician)">Paula Fickes Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Mathewson-Chapman" title="Marianne Mathewson-Chapman">Marianne Mathewson-Chapman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Ball_duPont" title="Jessie Ball duPont">Jessie Ball duPont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenore_Carrero_Nesbitt" title="Lenore Carrero Nesbitt">Lenore Carrero Nesbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lynda_Keever&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lynda Keever (page does not exist)">Lynda Keever</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Joyce_Ely" title="Victoria Joyce Ely">Victoria Joyce Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Jennings" title="Toni Jennings">Toni Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Langford" title="Frances Langford">Frances Langford Stuart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Ann_Blocker" title="Sarah Ann Blocker">Sarah Ann Blocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Estefan" title="Gloria Estefan">Gloria Estefan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_R._Grizzle" title="Mary R. Grizzle">Mary R. Grizzle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirley_D._Coletti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shirley D. Coletti (page does not exist)">Shirley D. Coletti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Kersey" title="Judith Kersey">Judith Kersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Hammer" title="Marion Hammer">Marion Hammer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caridad_Asensio" title="Caridad Asensio">Caridad Asensio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillie_Fowler" title="Tillie Fowler">Tillie Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_W._Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucy W. Morgan">Lucy W. Morgan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryly_V._Peck" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryly V. Peck">Maryly VanLeer Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_A._Quince" class="mw-redirect" title="Peggy A. Quince">Peggy A. Quince</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_J._Pariente" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara J. Pariente">Barbara J. Pariente</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pallavi_Patel_(physician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pallavi Patel (physician) (page does not exist)">Pallavi Patel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ileana Ros-Lehtinen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louise_H._Cortelis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louise H. Cortelis (page does not exist)">Louise H. Cortelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Margolis" title="Gwen Margolis">Gwen Margolis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betty_Schlesinger_Sembler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betty Schlesinger Sembler (page does not exist)">Betty Schlesinger Sembler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugenie_Clark" title="Eugenie Clark">Eugenie Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudine_Dianne_Ryce" title="Claudine Dianne Ryce">Claudine Dianne Ryce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dara_Torres" title="Dara Torres">Dara Grace Torres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Brennan_Karl" title="Mary Brennan Karl">Mary Brennan Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_I._Rodriguez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna I. Rodriguez (page does not exist)">Anna I. Rodriguez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_H._Alexander" title="Ruth H. Alexander">Ruth H. Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_%22Budd%22_Bell" title="Elizabeth "Budd" Bell">Elizabeth "Budd" Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicki_Bryant_Burke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicki Bryant Burke (page does not exist)">Vicki Bryant Burke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clara_C._Frye" title="Clara C. Frye">Clara C. Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleene_Pridgen_Kidd_MacKenzie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleene Pridgen Kidd MacKenzie (page does not exist)">Aleene Pridgen Kidd MacKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillie_Pierce_Voss" title="Lillie Pierce Voss">Lillie Pierce Voss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Benton_(sheriff)" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan Benton (sheriff)">Susan Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Gopher" title="Louise Gopher">Louise Jones Gopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dottie_Berger_MacKinnon" title="Dottie Berger MacKinnon">Dottie Berger MacKinnon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lee_Farrior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Lee Farrior (page does not exist)">Mary Lee Farrior</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evelyn_Cahn_Keiser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evelyn Cahn Keiser (page does not exist)">Evelyn Cahn Keiser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_Edwards_Maguire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlotte Edwards Maguire (page does not exist)">Charlotte Edwards Maguire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Jenkins_Barnett" title="Carol Jenkins Barnett">Carol Jenkins Barnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Aguirre_Ferr%C3%A9" title="Helen Aguirre Ferré">Helen Aguirre Ferré</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elmira_Louise_Leto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elmira Louise Leto (page does not exist)">Elmira Louise Leto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lou_Baker" title="Mary Lou Baker">Mary Lou Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathleen_Scott_Robertson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathleen Scott Robertson (page does not exist)">Kathleen Scott Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Fernandez_Rundle" title="Katherine Fernandez Rundle">Katherine Fernandez Rundle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adela_Hernandez_Gonzmart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adela Hernandez Gonzmart (page does not exist)">Adela Hernandez Gonzmart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Petro" title="Janet Petro">Janet Petro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lee_Bird_Leavengood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lee Bird Leavengood (page does not exist)">Lee Bird Leavengood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doris_Mae_Barnes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doris Mae Barnes (page does not exist)">Doris Mae Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_A._Bense" title="Judith A. Bense">Judith A. Bense</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mildred_Wilborn_Gildersleeve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mildred Wilborn Gildersleeve (page does not exist)">Mildred Wilborn Gildersleeve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alice_Scott_Abbott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alice Scott Abbott (page does not exist)">Alice Scott Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alma_Lee_Loy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alma Lee Loy (page does not exist)">Alma Lee Loy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E._Thelma_Waters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. Thelma Waters (page does not exist)">E. Thelma Waters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_M._Hernandez_Covington" title="Virginia M. Hernandez Covington">Virginia M. Hernandez Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Nicklaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbara Nicklaus (page does not exist)">Barbara Nicklaus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beverly_Yeager&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beverly Yeager (page does not exist)">Beverly Yeager</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265791#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265791#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265791#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000039493819">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/73438186">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/359212/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhRKDmq7DqHGtDYgpHt8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no95035463">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000435">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" 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