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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">     <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="zh" xml:lang="zh" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <head> <title>Material for magnets & measurements II - CERN Document Server</title> <link href='https://framework.web.cern.ch/framework/2.0/fonts/PTSansWeb/PTSansWeb.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/invenio.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/css/cern_theme.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet"href="/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_toolbar/css/toolbar.css" type="text/css" />    <link rel="canonical" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="el" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=el" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=fr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="bg" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=bg" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-TW" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=zh_TW" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=pt" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="no" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=no" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="hr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=hr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ca" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=ca" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=de" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=it" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=zh_CN" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sv" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=sv" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sk" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=sk" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=en" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pl" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=pl" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=ru" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ka" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=ka" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=ja" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx?ln=es" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CERN Document Server RSS" href="/rss?ln=zh_TW" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cds.cern.ch/opensearchdescription" title="CERN Document Server" /> <link rel="unapi-server" type="application/xml" title="unAPI" href="https://cds.cern.ch/unapi" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="zh_TW" /> <meta name="description" content="Magnetic materials, both hard and soft, are used extensively in several components of particle accelerators. Magnetically soft iron-nickel alloys are used as shields for the vacuum chambers of accelerator injection and extraction septa; Fe-based material is widely employed for cores of accelerator and experiment magnets. Weakly magnetic austenitic stainless steels are largely applied for structural and vacuum systems. After a review of the magnetic properties of materials and the different types of magnetic behaviour, this first lecture will deal with metallurgical aspects of magnetism. The influence of the metallurgy and metalworking processes of materials on their microstructure and magnetic properties is studied for different categories of magnetic materials relevant for accelerator technology. Their metallurgy is extensively treated. Hard magnetic material will also be covered. In the second lecture, the selection of materials for functional and structural components of accelerator and fusion magnets is addressed with examples taken from normal and superconducting magnets. The talk will address the material challenges of magnet construction, requiring a wide application of tightly specified grades, featuring a controlled microstructure and adequate mechanical, physical, magnetic and vacuum properties over a large temperature range. A broad spectrum of relevant examples will be presented, issued from the experience maturated within decades of building of large magnet systems that must guarantee a reliable, long-lasting service with limited interventions. The requirements, and in turn the metallurgical processes applied to achieve the final stringent properties will be discussed - dictated by mechanical, magnetic or vacuum compatibility constraints and often by a combination of them. A case study will be developed, highlighting the challenges of application of a stainless steel solution for the upgrade of the detector structure of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS), which is one of the two large experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), involving the construction of a High Granularity Calorimeter in the framework of the High Luminosity LHC upgrade. This requires a cost-effective production of 600 tons of austenitic stainless steel plates with a tight specification in terms of magnetic permeability, to be processed through a tailored steelmaking route. Methods for characterizing and measuring the properties of feebly magnetic materials will also be addressed. Sgobba, Stefano" /> <meta name="keywords" content="CERN Document Server, WebSearch, CERN Document Server" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/jquery.min.js"></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/webnews.css" type="text/css" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/webnews.js?v=20131009"></script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="137353533001720"/>  <meta content="Material for magnets &amp; measurements II" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="2023/11/28" name="citation_publication_date" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/08/20">  <meta content="Material for magnets &amp; measurements II" property="og:title" /> <meta content="CAS course on &quot;Normal- and Superconducting Magnets&quot;, 19 November - 02 December 2023, St. Pölten, Austria" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468" property="og:url" /> <meta property="og:video:height" content="360" /> <meta property="og:video:width" content="640" /> <meta property="og:video" content="https://lecturemedia.cern.ch/2023/1227234c46/1227234c46-presentation-360p-quality.mp4" /> <meta property="og:video:type" content="video/mp4" /> <meta property="og:image" content="" /> <meta name="twitter:player:height" content="360" /> <meta name="twitter:player:width" content="640" /> <link rel="image_src" href="" /> <link rel="video_src" href="https://cds.cern.ch/mediaplayer.swf?file=/1227234c46/1227234c46-presentation-360p-quality.mp4&streamer=rtmp://wowza.cern.ch:1935/vod&provider=rtmp&stretching=exactfit&image="/> <meta name="twitter:player" content="https://cds.cern.ch/video/?"/> <meta content="CERN Document Server" property="og:site_name" /> <meta content="Magnetic materials, both hard and soft, are used extensively in several components of particle accelerators. Magnetically soft iron-nickel alloys are used as shields for the vacuum chambers of accelerator injection and extraction septa; Fe-based material is widely employed for cores of accelerator and experiment magnets. Weakly magnetic austenitic stainless steels are largely applied for structural and vacuum systems. After a review of the magnetic properties of materials and the different types of magnetic behaviour, this first lecture will deal with metallurgical aspects of magnetism. The influence of the metallurgy and metalworking processes of materials on their microstructure and magnetic properties is studied for different categories of magnetic materials relevant for accelerator technology. Their metallurgy is extensively treated. Hard magnetic material will also be covered. In the second lecture, the selection of materials for functional and structural components of accelerator and fusion magnets is addressed with examples taken from normal and superconducting magnets. The talk will address the material challenges of magnet construction, requiring a wide application of tightly specified grades, featuring a controlled microstructure and adequate mechanical, physical, magnetic and vacuum properties over a large temperature range. A broad spectrum of relevant examples will be presented, issued from the experience maturated within decades of building of large magnet systems that must guarantee a reliable, long-lasting service with limited interventions. The requirements, and in turn the metallurgical processes applied to achieve the final stringent properties will be discussed - dictated by mechanical, magnetic or vacuum compatibility constraints and often by a combination of them. A case study will be developed, highlighting the challenges of application of a stainless steel solution for the upgrade of the detector structure of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS), which is one of the two large experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), involving the construction of a High Granularity Calorimeter in the framework of the High Luminosity LHC upgrade. This requires a cost-effective production of 600 tons of austenitic stainless steel plates with a tight specification in terms of magnetic permeability, to be processed through a tailored steelmaking route. Methods for characterizing and measuring the properties of feebly magnetic materials will also be addressed." property="og:description" />  <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <style></style> </head> <body class="CERN32Document32Server search" lang="zh">  <div id="cern-toolbar"> <h1><a href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN">CERN <span>Accelerating science</span></a></h1> <ul> <li class="cern-accountlinks"><a class="cern-account" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/login?ln=zh_TW&referer=https%3A//cds.cern.ch/record/2907468/export/hx%3Fln%3Dzh_TW" title="Sign in to your CERN account">Sign in</a></li> <li><a class="cern-directory" href="http://cern.ch/directory" title="Search CERN resources and browse the directory">Directory</a></li> </ul> </div>   <div role="banner" class="clearfix" id="header"> <div class="header-inner inner"> <hgroup class="clearfix"> <h2 id="site-name"> <a rel="home" title="Home" href="/"><span>CERN Document Server</span></a> </h2> <h3 id="site-slogan">Access articles, reports and multimedia content in HEP</h3> </hgroup> <div role="navigation" id="main-navigation" class="cdsmenu"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Main menu</h2><ul class="links inline clearfix"> <li class="menu-386 first active-trail"><a class="active-trail" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=zh_TW">搜尋</a></li> <li class="menu-444 "><a class="" title="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=zh_TW">提交</a></li> <li class="menu-426 "><a class="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=zh_TW">幫助</a></li> <li class="leaf hassubcdsmenu"> <a hreflang="en" class="header" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=zh_TW">個人化</a> <ul class="subsubcdsmenu"><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/list?ln=zh_TW">Your alerts</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourbaskets/display?ln=zh_TW">Your baskets</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourcomments?ln=zh_TW">Your comments</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/display?ln=zh_TW">Your searches</a></li></ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <table class="navtrailbox"> <tr> <td class="navtrailboxbody"> <a href="/?ln=zh_TW" class="navtrail">主頁</a> > <a class="navtrail" href="/record/2907468">Material for magnets & measurements II</a> > BibTeX </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="pagebody"><div class="pagebodystripemiddle"> <pre> @article{Sgobba:2907468, author = "Sgobba, Stefano", title = "{Material for magnets &amp; measurements II. CAS course on "Normal- and Superconducting Magnets", 19 November - 02 December 2023, St. Pölten, Austria}", year = "2023", url = "https://cds.cern.ch/record/2907468", } </pre></div></div> <footer id="footer" class="pagefooter clearfix">  <div class="pagefooterstripeleft"> CERN Document Server :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=zh_TW">搜尋</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=zh_TW">提交</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=zh_TW">個人化</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=zh_TW">幫助</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=privacy_policy&se=CDS-Service" target="_blank">Privacy Notice</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://repository.cern/content-policy" target="_blank">Content Policy</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://repository.cern/terms" target="_blank">Terms and Conditions</a> <br /> 伺服器系統： <a class="footer" href="http://invenio-software.org/">Invenio</a> <br /> 管理者： <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Service</a> - Need help? 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