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<ul id="toc-Physical_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Islands_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islands_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Islands in the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islands_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>International Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul 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id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_of_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_of_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Origin of name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_of_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Memphre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memphre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Memphre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memphre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lighthouses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lighthouses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lighthouses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lighthouses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lighthouses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lighthouses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vermont_lighthouses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vermont_lighthouses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Vermont lighthouses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vermont_lighthouses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maxfield_Point_Light" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maxfield_Point_Light"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Maxfield Point Light</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maxfield_Point_Light-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newport_Wharf_Light" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newport_Wharf_Light"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Newport Wharf Light</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newport_Wharf_Light-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whipple_Point_Light" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whipple_Point_Light"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Whipple Point Light</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whipple_Point_Light-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quebec_lighthouses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quebec_lighthouses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Quebec lighthouses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quebec_lighthouses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Magog_Lighthouse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magog_Lighthouse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Magog Lighthouse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magog_Lighthouse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Witch_Shoal_Lighthouse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Witch_Shoal_Lighthouse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Witch Shoal Lighthouse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Witch_Shoal_Lighthouse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Black_Point_Lighthouse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_Point_Lighthouse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Black Point Lighthouse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_Point_Lighthouse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wadleigh's_Point_Lighthouse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wadleigh's_Point_Lighthouse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Wadleigh's Point Lighthouse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wadleigh's_Point_Lighthouse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chateau_de_Silva_Lighthouse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chateau_de_Silva_Lighthouse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.5</span> <span>Chateau de Silva Lighthouse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chateau_de_Silva_Lighthouse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Molson's_Island_Lighthouse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Molson's_Island_Lighthouse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6</span> <span>Molson's Island Lighthouse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Molson's_Island_Lighthouse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lead_Mines_Lighthouse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lead_Mines_Lighthouse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.7</span> <span>Lead Mines Lighthouse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lead_Mines_Lighthouse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Environmental issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environmental_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Environmental issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Environmental_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Water_quality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_quality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Water quality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_quality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sargent's_Bay_Yacht_Club" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sargent's_Bay_Yacht_Club"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sargent's Bay Yacht Club</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sargent's_Bay_Yacht_Club-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_Memphr%C3%A9magog" title="Lac Memphrémagog – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lac Memphrémagog" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphremagog" title="Memphremagog – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Memphremagog" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_Memphr%C3%A9magog" title="Lac Memphrémagog – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lac Memphrémagog" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphr%C3%A9magog_(aintzira)" title="Memphrémagog (aintzira) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Memphrémagog (aintzira)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_Memphr%C3%A9magog" title="Lac Memphrémagog – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lac Memphrémagog" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danau_Memphremagog" title="Danau Memphremagog – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Danau Memphremagog" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memfremeigogo_e%C5%BEeras" title="Memfremeigogo ežeras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Memfremeigogo ežeras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphr%C3%A9magog_(jezioro)" title="Memphrémagog (jezioro) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Memphrémagog (jezioro)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Мемфремейгог – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мемфремейгог" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE)" title="Мемфримејгог (језеро) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мемфримејгог (језеро)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_Memphr%C3%A9magog" title="Lac Memphrémagog – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lac Memphrémagog" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45_0_18_N_72_13_53_W_type:waterbody_scale:250000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°0′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°13′53″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.00500°N 72.23139°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.00500; -72.23139</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lake on the border of Vermont and Quebec</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Lake Memphremagog</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname" style="font-size:100%; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;">Lac Memphrémagog</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Memphremagog.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lake_Memphremagog.JPG/264px-Lake_Memphremagog.JPG" decoding="async" width="264" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lake_Memphremagog.JPG/396px-Lake_Memphremagog.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lake_Memphremagog.JPG/528px-Lake_Memphremagog.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Lake Memphremagog</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Vermont_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Lake Memphremagog in Vermont, USA and Quebec, Canada."><img alt="Location of Lake Memphremagog in Vermont, USA and Quebec, Canada." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/USA_Vermont_relief_location_map.svg/256px-USA_Vermont_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="421" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/USA_Vermont_relief_location_map.svg/384px-USA_Vermont_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/USA_Vermont_relief_location_map.svg/512px-USA_Vermont_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1277" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:7.222%;left:59.505%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lake Memphremagog"><img alt="Location of Lake Memphremagog in Vermont, USA and Quebec, Canada." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Lake Memphremagog</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Vermont</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_Quebec_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Lake Memphremagog in Vermont, USA and Quebec, Canada."><img alt="Location of Lake Memphremagog in Vermont, USA and Quebec, Canada." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Canada_Quebec_relief_location_map.jpg/256px-Canada_Quebec_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Canada_Quebec_relief_location_map.jpg/384px-Canada_Quebec_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Canada_Quebec_relief_location_map.jpg/512px-Canada_Quebec_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2317" data-file-height="2823" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:98.315%;left:35.79%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lake Memphremagog"><img alt="Location of Lake Memphremagog in Vermont, USA and Quebec, Canada." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Lake Memphremagog</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Quebec</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Lake Memphremagog in Vermont, USA and Quebec, Canada."><img alt="Location of Lake Memphremagog in Vermont, USA and Quebec, Canada." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/256px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/384px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/512px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.903%;left:86.237%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lake Memphremagog"><img alt="Location of Lake Memphremagog in Vermont, USA and Quebec, Canada." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Lake Memphremagog</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_relief_map_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Lake Memphremagog in Vermont, USA and Quebec, Canada."><img alt="Location of Lake Memphremagog in Vermont, USA and Quebec, Canada." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Canada_relief_map_2.svg/256px-Canada_relief_map_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Canada_relief_map_2.svg/384px-Canada_relief_map_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Canada_relief_map_2.svg/512px-Canada_relief_map_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="942" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:85.642%;left:76.079%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lake Memphremagog"><img alt="Location of Lake Memphremagog in Vermont, USA and Quebec, Canada." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Lake Memphremagog</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Canada</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/Memphr%C3%A9magog_Regional_County_Municipality,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphrémagog Regional County Municipality, Quebec">Memphrémagog Regional County Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, Canada;<br /><a href="/wiki/Orleans_County,_Vermont" title="Orleans County, Vermont">Orleans County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont, United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Geographical coordinates">Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45_0_18_N_72_13_53_W_type:waterbody_scale:250000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°0′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°13′53″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.00500°N 72.23139°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.00500; -72.23139</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Inflow_(hydrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflow (hydrology)"><span title="Primary inflows: rivers, streams, precipitation">Primary inflows</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data">(clockwise from the mouth) <a href="/wiki/Johns_River_(Vermont)" title="Johns River (Vermont)">Johns River (Vermont)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clyde_River_(Vermont)" title="Clyde River (Vermont)">Clyde River (Vermont)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barton_River_(Vermont)" title="Barton River (Vermont)">Barton River (Vermont)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_River_(Lake_Memphremagog)" title="Black River (Lake Memphremagog)">Black River (Vermont)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherry_River_(Quebec)" title="Cherry River (Quebec)">Cherry River (Quebec)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Discharge_(hydrology)" title="Discharge (hydrology)"><span title="Primary outflows: rivers, streams, evaporation">Primary outflows</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Magog_River" title="Magog River">Magog River</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Catchment area</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,777 km<sup>2</sup> (686 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Basin</a> countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. length</th><td class="infobox-data">51 km (32 mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">110 km<sup>2</sup> (42 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Average depth</th><td class="infobox-data">15.5 m (51 ft)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. depth</th><td class="infobox-data">107 m (351 ft)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">208 m (682 ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_by_body_of_water" title="Category:Islands by body of water">Islands</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lake Memphremagog</b> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">mem-frə-<span style="font-size:90%">MAY</span>-gog</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Lac Memphrémagog</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">fresh water</a> <a href="/wiki/Glacial_lake" title="Glacial lake">glacial lake</a> located between <a href="/wiki/Newport_(city),_Vermont" title="Newport (city), Vermont">Newport, Vermont</a>, United States and <a href="/wiki/Magog,_Quebec" title="Magog, Quebec">Magog, Quebec</a>, Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lake spans both Quebec and Vermont, but is mostly in Quebec. Most of the watershed that feeds the lake is located in Vermont, and is a source for accumulated phosphorus, sediments, and other pollutants. Cleanup efforts since the late 1980s have improved the water quality. The lake furnishes <a href="/wiki/Potable_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Potable water">potable water</a> for 200,000 people.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_characteristics">Physical characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Physical characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The lake is 31 miles (50 km) long with 73 percent of the lake's surface area in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, where it drains into the <a href="/wiki/Magog_River" title="Magog River">Magog River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, three-quarters of its <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">watershed</a>, 489 square miles (1,270 km<sup>2</sup>), is in <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>. The total is 687 square miles (1,780 km<sup>2</sup>), with 198 square miles (510 km<sup>2</sup>) located in Quebec.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Vermont, the lake lies in parts of the towns of <a href="/wiki/Derby,_Vermont" title="Derby, Vermont">Derby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newport_(town),_Vermont" title="Newport (town), Vermont">Newport</a>, in addition to the City of <a href="/wiki/Newport_(city),_Vermont" title="Newport (city), Vermont">Newport</a>, all in <a href="/wiki/Orleans_County,_Vermont" title="Orleans County, Vermont">Orleans County</a>. In Quebec, the lake lies in parts of <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Quebec" title="Austin, Quebec">Austin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magog,_Quebec" title="Magog, Quebec">Magog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ogden,_Quebec" title="Ogden, Quebec">Ogden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potton,_Quebec" title="Potton, Quebec">Potton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-du-Lac,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Benoît-du-Lac, Quebec">Saint-Benoît-du-Lac</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stanstead,_Quebec_(township)" title="Stanstead, Quebec (township)">Stanstead Township</a>, all in <a href="/wiki/Memphr%C3%A9magog_Regional_County_Municipality,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphrémagog Regional County Municipality, Quebec">Memphrémagog Regional County Municipality</a>. The lake occupies most of what the Vermont Agency of Natural Resources calls "Basin 17".<sup id="cite_ref-c111130_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c111130-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the very south end of the lake, there is the South Bay, connected by the narrowest part of the lake. </p><p>The lake elevation is approximately 682 feet (208 m) above mean sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-loc.gov_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc.gov-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both ends of the lake are fairly shallow, with depth ranges of 20 feet (6.1 m) to 30 feet (9.1 m). The lake bottom takes a dramatic drop in Canada, starting opposite <a href="/wiki/Mont_Owl%27s_Head" title="Mont Owl's Head">Mont Owl's Head</a> and continuing that way north to Gibraltar Point, where it starts to climb back to the shallows of the north end. Its maximum recorded depth of 351 feet (107 m) is located in Canada, opposite Jewett Point (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45.111621_N_72.278491_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°06′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°16′43″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.111621°N 72.278491°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.111621; -72.278491</span></span></span></a></span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lake is the third deepest in Vermont.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fishingworks_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishingworks-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It contains 21 islands.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Province_Island" title="Province Island">Province Island</a>, the largest, is divided by the international border.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lake is irregular in shape, and along its shores are several striking indentations, in some places low, and in some other parts high and rocky.<sup id="cite_ref-ea_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ea-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along the western shore of the lake are several mountains, prominent among which are Owl's Head, Elephantis, and the Hog's Back.<sup id="cite_ref-ac_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ac-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islands">Islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1901_Lake_Memphremagog_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1901_Lake_Memphremagog_map.png/220px-1901_Lake_Memphremagog_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1901_Lake_Memphremagog_map.png/330px-1901_Lake_Memphremagog_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1901_Lake_Memphremagog_map.png/440px-1901_Lake_Memphremagog_map.png 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="5402" /></a><figcaption>1901 map of Lake Memphremagog</figcaption></figure> <p>There are 21 islands on Lake Memphremagog. Of these, five are in the United States, one is international, and 15 are in Canada. Many of the islands have had several names throughout history; the current names are provided. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islands_in_the_United_States">Islands in the United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Islands in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Horseneck Island (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=44.964724_N_72.202708_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°57′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°12′10″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.964724°N 72.202708°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.964724; -72.202708</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is the southernmost island on the lake and is near the eastern shore.</li> <li>Bell Island (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=44.991006_N_72.209435_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°59′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°12′34″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.991006°N 72.209435°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.991006; -72.209435</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is one of the Twin Sister islands (the other being Black Island) and is south of Gull Rocks and Black Island.</li> <li>Gull Rocks (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=44.993100_N_72.213430_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°59′35″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°12′48″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.993100°N 72.213430°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.993100; -72.213430</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is north of Bell Island and south of Black Island.</li> <li>Black Island (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=44.995945_N_72.209696_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°59′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°12′35″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.995945°N 72.209696°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.995945; -72.209696</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is one of the Twin Sister islands (the other being Bell Island) and is north of Gull Rocks and Bell Island.</li> <li>Cove Island (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=44.996791_N_72.204096_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°59′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°12′15″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.996791°N 72.204096°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.996791; -72.204096</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is east of Black Island.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_Islands">International Islands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: International Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Province Island (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45.008640_N_72.232398_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°00′31″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°13′57″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.008640°N 72.232398°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.008640; -72.232398</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is crossed by the international boundary. About one tenth of the southern end of the island is in the United States; the remainder is in Canada.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islands_in_Canada">Islands in Canada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Islands in Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Tea Table Island (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45.014670_N_72.221026_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°00′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°13′16″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.014670°N 72.221026°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.014670; -72.221026</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is north-northeast of Province Island, west of Reid Bay, and south of the Cedarville Wharf.</li> <li>Round Island (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45.044951_N_72.270706_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°02′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°16′15″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.044951°N 72.270706°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.044951; -72.270706</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is near the western shore of the lake.</li> <li>Whetstone Island (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45.053054_N_72.235773_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°03′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°14′09″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.053054°N 72.235773°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.053054; -72.235773</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is on the eastern shore at the entrance to Fitch Bay and is south of Gull Island. It is named for the <a href="/wiki/Novaculite" title="Novaculite">novaculite</a> oil stone that was mined there.</li> <li>Gull Island (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45.058500_N_72.233473_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°03′31″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°14′01″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.058500°N 72.233473°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.058500; -72.233473</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is north of Whetstone Island and at the entrance to Fitch Bay.</li> <li>Loon Island (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45.076915_N_72.219525_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°04′37″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°13′10″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.076915°N 72.219525°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.076915; -72.219525</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is in Fitch Bay.</li> <li>Minnow Island (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45.058754_N_72.264065_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°03′32″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°15′51″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.058754°N 72.264065°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.058754; -72.264065</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is east of Skinner's island.</li> <li>Skinner's Island (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45.059246_N_72.266790_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°03′33″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°16′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.059246°N 72.266790°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.059246; -72.266790</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is west of Minnow Island and south of Long Island.</li> <li>Long Island (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45.065680_N_72.268839_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°03′56″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°16′08″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.065680°N 72.268839°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.065680; -72.268839</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is north of Skinner's Island.</li> <li>Molson's Island (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45.095514_N_72.270728_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°05′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°16′15″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.095514°N 72.270728°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.095514; -72.270728</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is on the eastern shore.</li> <li>Lord's Island (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45.173796_N_72.238638_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°10′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°14′19″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.173796°N 72.238638°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.173796; -72.238638</span></span></span></a></span></span>).</li> <li>Eagle Island (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45.236088_N_72.184592_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°14′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°11′05″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.236088°N 72.184592°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.236088; -72.184592</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is north of Hermitage Point and west of Hermitage Bay.</li> <li>Three Sisters (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45.245123_N_72.178455_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°14′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°10′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.245123°N 72.178455°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.245123; -72.178455</span></span></span></a></span></span>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45.245822_N_72.177972_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°14′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°10′41″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.245822°N 72.177972°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.245822; -72.177972</span></span></span></a></span></span>, and <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45.247726_N_72.176727_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°14′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°10′36″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.247726°N 72.176727°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.247726; -72.176727</span></span></span></a></span></span>) are three small islands that are grouped together.</li> <li>Charest Island (at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Memphremagog&params=45.263381_N_72.160739_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°15′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">72°09′39″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.263381°N 72.160739°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.263381; -72.160739</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is the northernmost island on the lake and is in Magog, Quebec.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrology">Hydrology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hydrology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Four Vermont rivers directly empty into the lake: the <a href="/wiki/Clyde_River_(Vermont)" title="Clyde River (Vermont)">Clyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barton_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Barton River">Barton</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Black_River_(Lake_Memphremagog)" title="Black River (Lake Memphremagog)">Black</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Johns_River_(Vermont)" title="Johns River (Vermont)">Johns River</a>. </p><p>In the middle of the winter, the ice on the lake can become 3 feet (0.9 m) thick.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Magog_River" title="Magog River">Magog River</a>, in Quebec, drains the lake towards the northeast. The hydroelectric producing Memphemagog Dam, on the Magog River, regulates the water level of the lake. The water level of the lake is governed by a treaty signed in 1935 between the United States and Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-loc.gov_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loc.gov-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice age</a>, the lake was a <a href="/wiki/Proglacial_lake" title="Proglacial lake">proglacial lake</a><sup id="cite_ref-Erudit_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erudit-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 122">: 122 </span></sup> which covered <a href="/wiki/Lake_Magog" title="Lake Magog">Lake Magog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Brompton" title="Lake Brompton">Lake Brompton</a>, and much of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Fran%C3%A7ois_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint François River">Saint François watershed</a> including <a href="/wiki/East_Angus,_Quebec" title="East Angus, Quebec">East Angus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherbrooke" title="Sherbrooke">Sherbrooke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Quebec" title="Windsor, Quebec">Windsor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Erudit_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erudit-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 121">: 121 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like many other lakes, Memphremagog is accumulating <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a>, sediments, and other pollutants, primarily runoff from farms, but from other sources as well. Exotic species infestations are a concern, with an existing Eurasian <a href="/wiki/Water_milfoil" class="mw-redirect" title="Water milfoil">water milfoil</a> population and the potential for a <a href="/wiki/Zebra_mussel" title="Zebra mussel">zebra mussel</a> infestation. Since the 1970s, significant efforts have been made to reduce the polluting effects of direct discharges into the lake and its tributaries, and lake quality has improved.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1994, the Lake Memphremagog Watershed Association was formed to focus on solving lake and river issues.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Testing done in 2008 was unable to determine the cause of excessive <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> and phosphorus.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, a study revealed that farms contribute disproportionately to nutrient loads. Although farms have 16% of total land use in the drainage area, they produce 44% of the runoff. Baseline nutrients for a lake are 14 micrograms of phosphorus per litre of water. The lake was measured at 17 micrograms, 18% above the standard. Although the acreage devoted to farming has decreased, the retired land has most often been developed, itself a source of runoff.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_of_name">Origin of name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Origin of name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The lake is within the larger territory originally inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Abenaki" title="Abenaki">Abenaki</a> tribe. The lake's name, Memphremagog, is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonkian</a> language:<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Memphremagog comes from the word <i>Memrahabegek</i>, which means "where there is a big expanse of water".</li> <li>Memphremagog was also pronounced as "Mamphremagog". This came from the <a href="/wiki/Abenaki_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Abenaki people">Abenakis'</a> <i>Mamlawbagak</i> which signifies "a long and large sheet of water". The prefix <i>mamlaw</i> denotes largeness or abundance; the particule <i>baga</i> denotes water; and "k" marks the name as given in local term.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-du-Lac_Abbey.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-du-Lac_Abbey.JPG/220px-Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-du-Lac_Abbey.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-du-Lac_Abbey.JPG/330px-Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-du-Lac_Abbey.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-du-Lac_Abbey.JPG/440px-Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-du-Lac_Abbey.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint_Benedict_Abbey,_Quebec" title="Saint Benedict Abbey, Quebec">Saint-Benoît-du-Lac Abbey</a> is located in the village of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-du-Lac,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Benoît-du-Lac, Quebec">Saint-Benoît-du-Lac, Quebec</a>. The village is on the western shore of Lake Memphremagog.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1753, the Abenakis brought the ransomed <a href="/wiki/John_Stark" title="John Stark">John Stark</a> down the lake and came ashore where Newport is now. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rogers%27_Rangers" title="Rogers' Rangers">Rogers' Rangers</a> were forced to retreat south following their attack on <a href="/wiki/Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois-du-Lac,_Quebec" title="Saint-François-du-Lac, Quebec">Saint-Francis, Quebec</a> in 1759. To confound their avenging pursuers, they split up on the east shore of the lake.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first accurate depiction of the map was in 1776. This marks the beginning of interest by settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Mountain Maid</i> paddlewheeler operated from 1850 to 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-nj0708_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nj0708-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Lady of the Lake</i> steam excursion/ferry paddlewheeler started operating in 1867. It stopped operations in 1917. It was based in Newport. The <i>Anthemis</i> steamer was built in 1909 to carry 300 people. It stopped operating after 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-nj0708_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nj0708-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1942, a single-engined <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> training plane crashed into the lake near the west shore near Newport, killing the pilot, Roy N. Pate, its only occupant.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> accepted a bequest of 420 acres (170 ha) of undeveloped land on the shores the lake on Eagle Point along the border with Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2020, a leak at the sewage treatment facility in Newport, Vermont dumped about 7,000 gallons of effluent into the lake.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memphre">Memphre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Memphre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lake Memphremagog allegedly contains a <a href="/wiki/Cryptid" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptid">cryptid</a> named <a href="/wiki/Memphre" title="Memphre">Memphre</a> (or Memphré), which has received sightings since the 18th century and continues on in the folklore of the area.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sighting of Memphre was reported in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lighthouses">Lighthouses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Lighthouses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lake Memphremagog is known to have had at least three <a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">lighthouses</a> on the Vermont side and seven on the Quebec side. These were used in aiding boaters in navigating the waters of the large lake. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vermont_lighthouses">Vermont lighthouses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Vermont lighthouses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All three of the original lighthouses have been demolished. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maxfield_Point_Light">Maxfield Point Light</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Maxfield Point Light"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_Magog.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/City_of_Magog.JPG/220px-City_of_Magog.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/City_of_Magog.JPG/330px-City_of_Magog.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/City_of_Magog.JPG/440px-City_of_Magog.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2923" data-file-height="1410" /></a><figcaption>The small city of <a href="/wiki/Magog,_Quebec" title="Magog, Quebec">Magog, Quebec</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Maxfield Point Light was a small lighthouse constructed on the <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> side of Lake Memphremagog in 1879. A conical, <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a> structure, it was 25 feet (7.6 m) tall, with a <a href="/wiki/Focal_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Focal plane">focal plane</a> 40 feet (12.2 m) above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>. It showed a <a href="/wiki/Characteristic_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Characteristic light">fixed white light</a>, visible for 10 (16 km) miles. The lighthouse no longer exists; it is unknown what happened to it, or when it was deactivated.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Newport_Wharf_Light">Newport Wharf Light</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Newport Wharf Light"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Newport Wharf Light was a tower that was built in the Newport section of Lake Memphremagog in 1879. The lighthouse was a steel skeleton tower, painted red, that was fixed on a concrete foundation. The tower showed a fixed red light that was visible for up to 12 mi (19 km), with the height of the focal plane being 37 feet (11.2 m). As with the Maxfield Point Lighthouse, the date this lighthouse was demolished is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Whipple_Point_Light">Whipple Point Light</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Whipple Point Light"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Whipple Point Light was a tower that was built on the end of a pier on Whipple Point in Lake Memphremagog. Built in 1879, the tower was constructed of wood in a hexagonal shape and stood 13 feet (4 m). The light was fixed white and was visible from up to 10 mi (16 km) away, with a focal plane of 25 feet (7.6 m). The lighthouse was deactivated around 1906 and was demolished at an unknown date.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quebec_lighthouses">Quebec lighthouses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Quebec lighthouses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the Quebec lighthouses were originally established in 1878. None of the original lighthouses have survived, although some of them have been replaced by simple navigation lights. From north to south, the lighthouses were: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Magog_Lighthouse">Magog Lighthouse</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Magog Lighthouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Magog Lighthouse was located on a freight shed and had a fixed red light with a range of 8 miles (13 km). It was built in 1910 and located near Magog. It was demolished on an unknown date.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Witch_Shoal_Lighthouse">Witch Shoal Lighthouse</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Witch Shoal Lighthouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Witch Shoal Lighthouse was located about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) southwest of Magog. The original lighthouse was built in 1878 as a 21 feet (6.4 m) white square wooden tower on a pier. It had a fixed white <a href="/wiki/Dioptrics" title="Dioptrics">dioptric</a> light located at a height of 19 feet (5.8 m) above the high water mark and with a range of 9 miles (14 km).<sup id="cite_ref-dmf82_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dmf82-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was rebuilt in 1900. In April 1933, it was destroyed by pressure from the ice caused by the rising level of the lake. It was rebuilt in 1960 as a small metal tower, which was swept away by spring ice in 1978. Since 1980, the mast that replaced it is left in place only from May to October each year. The tower is 23 feet (7.0 m) high with a fixed white light that has a range of 9 miles (14 km) and a focal plane of 28 feet (8.5 m). The aid is owned by the Coast Guard and maintained by a private contractor.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Black_Point_Lighthouse">Black Point Lighthouse</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Black Point Lighthouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Black Point Lighthouse was located on the western side of the lake, about 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest from Witch Shoal lighthouse. It was also known as the Green Point Lighthouse. It was built in 1878 as a 22-foot (6.7 m) white square wooden tower. It had a fixed white <a href="/wiki/Catoptrics" title="Catoptrics">catoptric</a> light located at a height of 24 feet (7.3 m) above the high water mark and with a range of 8 miles (13 km).<sup id="cite_ref-dmf82_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dmf82-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had a focal plane of 22 feet (6.7 m). It was rebuilt in 1914 and is currently in a dilapidated state.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wadleigh's_Point_Lighthouse"><span id="Wadleigh.27s_Point_Lighthouse"></span>Wadleigh's Point Lighthouse</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Wadleigh's Point Lighthouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wadleigh's Point Lighthouse was located on the western side of the lake, about 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of Black Point lighthouse. It was also known as the Bryant Landing Light and was near Austin. The original lighthouse was built in 1878 as a 22-foot white square wooden tower with a fixed white catoptric light located at a height of 30 feet (9.1 m) above the high water mark and with a range of 8 miles (13 km).<sup id="cite_ref-dmf82_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dmf82-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In approximately 1914, that was replaced by a square pyramidal skeletal tower with enclosed lantern. In 1939, that was replaced by a 18 feet (5.5 m) square skeletal tower with enclosed lantern. In 1980, that was replaced by a modern 22 feet (6.7 m) steel tower with a fixed white light that has a range of 8 miles (13 km). The still-active light is installed from May to October each year.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chateau_de_Silva_Lighthouse">Chateau de Silva Lighthouse</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Chateau de Silva Lighthouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chateau de Silva Lighthouse was located on the western side of the lake at the Revere House (formerly the Chateau de Silva) hotel wharf, approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) southwest of the Wadleigh's Point lighthouse. It was built in 1878 as a 22 feet (6.7 m) white square wooden tower with a fixed white catoptric light located at a height of 20 feet (6.1 m) above the high water mark and with a range of 8 miles (13 km).<sup id="cite_ref-dmf82_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dmf82-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The light had a focal plane of 20 feet (6.1 m). It was demolished on an unknown date.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Molson's_Island_Lighthouse"><span id="Molson.27s_Island_Lighthouse"></span>Molson's Island Lighthouse</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Molson's Island Lighthouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Molson's Island Lighthouse was located on the southwest point of Molson's Island, approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) southeast of the Chateau de Silva lighthouse. This was on the eastern side of the lake, near Georgeville. It was built in 1878 as a 22 feet (6.7 m) white square wooden tower with a fixed white catoptric light located at a height of 28 feet (8.5 m) above the high water mark and with a range of 8 miles (13 km).<sup id="cite_ref-dmf82_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dmf82-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The light had a focal plane of 28 feet (8.5 m). It was rebuilt in 1914 and demolished on an unknown date.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The light was replaced with a lighted buoy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lead_Mines_Lighthouse">Lead Mines Lighthouse</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Lead Mines Lighthouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lead Mines Lighthouse was located on the western side of the lake, approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of the Molson's Island lighthouse. This was near Leadville, at the foot of Mount Owl's Head. It was built in 1878 as a 22 feet (6.7 m) white square wooden tower with a fixed white catoptric light located at a height of 20 feet above the high water mark and with a range of 8 miles (13 km).<sup id="cite_ref-dmf82_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dmf82-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The light had a focal plane of 22 feet (6.7 m). It was rebuilt in 1914 and demolished on an unknown date.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The watershed in Vermont is largely agricultural and forest land with residential development increasing in recent years in both Vermont and Quebec. </p><p>The lake furnishes potable (drinking) water for 200,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-c111130_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c111130-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, a day cruise ship started summer operations on the Canadian side of the lake.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_issues">Environmental issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Environmental issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_quality">Water quality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Water quality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Vermont portion of Lake Memphremagog does not meet applicable water quality standards, despite a $10 million investment from federal and state agencies in clean water projects from 2016-2021.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2021 data for water quality, aquatic invasive species, and <a href="/wiki/Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria">cyanobacteria</a> reveal that Lake Memphremagog is still impaired, but trends are stabilizing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sargent's_Bay_Yacht_Club"><span id="Sargent.27s_Bay_Yacht_Club"></span>Sargent's Bay Yacht Club</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sargent's Bay Yacht Club"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sargent's Bay Yacht Club,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite its name, is a small children's dinghy sailing club based out of Sargent's Bay. It operates throughout eight weeks of the summer, hosting up to 40 campers a week, with a staff of five to seven. It was started in 1935 by several families in the bay, with the goal of teaching their children the basics of the sport they all cherished so much, sailing. Since 1935, the Fisher family has graciously allowed the operation of the club to continue on their property. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lake_Memphremagog" title="Special:EditPage/Lake Memphremagog">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Lake Memphremagog is mentioned in a novel by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Bohjalian" title="Chris Bohjalian">Chris Bohjalian</a>, <i>Close Your Eyes, Hold Hands</i>, in which the lake is the site of a nuclear reactor that has suffered a cataclysmic meltdown. </p><p>Lake Memphremagog is mentioned in <i><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage_(novel)" title="Northwest Passage (novel)">Northwest Passage</a></i>, a historical novel by Kenneth Roberts about the 1759 Rogers' Rangers raid. In <i><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage_(film)" title="Northwest Passage (film)">Northwest Passage</a></i>, the 1940 film based on the novel, Spencer Tracy uses a map that shows Lake Memphremagog and the environs. </p><p>The 1986 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Decline_of_the_American_Empire" title="The Decline of the American Empire">The Decline of the American Empire</a></i> was shot at Lake Memphremagog from September to October 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Canadian band <a href="/wiki/The_Tragically_Hip" title="The Tragically Hip">The Tragically Hip</a> mentions Lake Memphremagog in their 2002 unreleased song "Problem Bears", part of their <i>In Violet Light</i> album sessions. </p><p>Lake Memphremagog was mentioned and depicted in <i><a href="/wiki/Disappearances_(film)" title="Disappearances (film)">Disappearances</a></i>, a 2006 film by director <a href="/wiki/Jay_Craven" title="Jay Craven">Jay Craven</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Kris_Kristofferson" title="Kris Kristofferson">Kris Kristofferson</a>, and co-starring <a href="/wiki/Charlie_McDermott" title="Charlie McDermott">Charlie McDermott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Bujold" title="Geneviève Bujold">Geneviève Bujold</a>. </p><p>Fictional versions of the lake appear in <a href="/wiki/Howard_Frank_Mosher" title="Howard Frank Mosher">Howard Frank Mosher</a>'s books about the Northeast Kingdom of Vermont, including God's Kingdom (St. Martin's Press, 2015). </p><p>Lake Memphremagog was the setting for the climactic scene in Kenneth Butler's satiric novel <i>Holy Fool</i> (TouchPoint Press, 2015). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memphre" title="Memphre">Memphre (Lake Monster)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vermonthistory.org/lake-memphremagog">"Lake Memphremagog — Vermont Historical Society"</a>. <i>vermonthistory.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vermonthistory.org&rft.atitle=Lake+Memphremagog+%E2%80%94+Vermont+Historical+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvermonthistory.org%2Flake-memphremagog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOcchiettiParent1999" class="citation journal cs1">Occhietti, Serge; Parent, Michel (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erudit.org/revue/gpq/1999/v53/n1/004859ar.html">"Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 1999, vol. 53"</a>. <i>Late Wisconsinan Deglaciation and Glacial Lake Development in the Appalachians of Southeastern Quebec</i>. <b>53</b> (1): 117–135. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061208015849/http://www.erudit.org/revue/gpq/1999/v53/n1/004859ar.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2006-12-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Late+Wisconsinan+Deglaciation+and+Glacial+Lake+Development+in+the+Appalachians+of+Southeastern+Quebec&rft.atitle=G%C3%A9ographie+physique+et+Quaternaire%2C+1999%2C+vol.+53&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=117-135&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Occhietti&rft.aufirst=Serge&rft.au=Parent%2C+Michel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erudit.org%2Frevue%2Fgpq%2F1999%2Fv53%2Fn1%2F004859ar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarfan" class="citation web cs1">Farfan, Matthew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.townshipsheritage.com/Eng/Articles/Natural/spell.html">"The Spell of Lake Memphremagog"</a>. <i>Townships Heritage WebMagazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070817062425/http://www.townshipsheritage.com/Eng/Articles/Natural/spell.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-08-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Townships+Heritage+WebMagazine&rft.atitle=The+Spell+of+Lake+Memphremagog&rft.aulast=Farfan&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.townshipsheritage.com%2FEng%2FArticles%2FNatural%2Fspell.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVermont_Department_of_Environmental_Conservation2007" class="citation book cs1">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation (March 21, 2007). <i>Meeting to establish Lake Memphremagog association</i>. The Chronicle.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meeting+to+establish+Lake+Memphremagog+association&rft.pub=The+Chronicle&rft.date=2007-03-21&rft.au=Vermont+Department+of+Environmental+Conservation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c111130-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-c111130_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-c111130_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Two local public meetings to discuss watershed plan". <i>the Chronicle</i>. Barton, Vermont. November 30, 2011. p. 38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Two+local+public+meetings+to+discuss+watershed+plan&rft.pages=38&rft.date=2011-11-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-loc.gov-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-loc.gov_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loc.gov_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161225190516/https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/b-ca-ust000006-0071.pdf">"Regulation of Flow of Water from Lake Memphremagog"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></i>. 1935. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/b-ca-ust000006-0071.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+Flow+of+Water+from+Lake+Memphremagog&rft.date=1935&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Flaw%2Fhelp%2Fus-treaties%2Fbevans%2Fb-ca-ust000006-0071.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith_Jr.2003" class="citation web cs1">Smith Jr., Julian C. (April 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://power.eng.mcmaster.ca/findlay/eicweb/archives/EIC%20H&A%20WP%2315%20high%20res.pdf">"An Early SONAR Device (Working Paper 15/2003)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Engineering Institute of Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200929161515/http://power.eng.mcmaster.ca/findlay/eicweb/archives/EIC%20H%26A%20WP%2315%20high%20res.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Early+SONAR+Device+%28Working+Paper+15%2F2003%29&rft.pub=The+Engineering+Institute+of+Canada&rft.date=2003-04&rft.aulast=Smith+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Julian+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpower.eng.mcmaster.ca%2Ffindlay%2Feicweb%2Farchives%2FEIC%2520H%26A%2520WP%252315%2520high%2520res.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Behind <a href="/wiki/Lake_Champlain" title="Lake Champlain">Lake Champlain</a> at 405 feet (123 m) deep and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Willoughby" title="Lake Willoughby">Lake Willoughby</a> at 302 feet (92 m) deep</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fishingworks-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fishingworks_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishingworks.com/lakes/vermont/orleans/newport/lake-memphremagog/">"Orleans Archives"</a>. <i>FishingWorks</i>. Locality, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110419070708/http://www.fishingworks.com/lakes/vermont/orleans/newport/lake-memphremagog/">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-04-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FishingWorks&rft.atitle=Orleans+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishingworks.com%2Flakes%2Fvermont%2Forleans%2Fnewport%2Flake-memphremagog%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbott2017" class="citation cs2">Abbott (2017), <i>Memphremagog: An Illustrated History, Volume 2</i>, Georgeville Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memphremagog%3A+An+Illustrated+History%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=Georgeville+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Abbott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoisvert1988" class="citation web cs1">Boisvert, Jacques (January 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031119185712/http://magogquebec.homestead.com/files/province_island.html">"Province Island"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://magogquebec.homestead.com/files/province_island.html">the original</a> on 19 November 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-04</span></span>. <q>It is the largest island in Lake Memphremagog, being 77 acres, of which 7 acres are in the United States.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Province+Island&rft.date=1988-01&rft.aulast=Boisvert&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmagogquebec.homestead.com%2Ffiles%2Fprovince_island.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ea-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ea_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRines1920" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Memphremagog"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Memphremagog">"Memphremagog" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Memphremagog&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ac-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ac_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRipleyDana1879" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Memphremagog, Lake"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Memphremagog,_Lake">"Memphremagog, Lake" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Cyclopædia">The American Cyclopædia</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Memphremagog%2C+Lake&rft.btitle=The+American+Cyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.date=1879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler2007" class="citation journal cs1">Wheeler, Scott (February 2007). 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Érudit: 117–135. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F004859ar">10.7202/004859ar</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=G%C3%A9ographie+Physique+et+Quaternaire&rft.atitle=Late+Wisconsinan+deglaciation+and+glacial+lake+development+in+the+Appalachians+of+southeastern+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=117-135&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7202%2F004859ar&rft.aulast=Parent&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.au=Occhietti%2C+Serge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.7202%252F004859ar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGresser2017" class="citation news cs1">Gresser, Joseph (November 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bartonchronicle.com/state-explains-plans-lake-memphremagog/">"State explains plans for Lake Memphremagog"</a>. <i>The Chronicle</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle&rft.atitle=State+explains+plans+for+Lake+Memphremagog&rft.pages=1A&rft.date=2017-11-25&rft.aulast=Gresser&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbartonchronicle.com%2Fstate-explains-plans-lake-memphremagog%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060110030531/http://www.anr.state.vt.us/Env97/DOCS/LKSLKMMP.htm">"Lake Memphremagog"</a>. 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McGill University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210722225949/https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/h702q682m?locale=en">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-07-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=D%C3%A9finition+et+reconstitution+de+l%27espace+territorial+du+nord-est+am%C3%A9riquain+%3A+la+reconstruction+de+la+carte+du+W8banaki+par+la+toponymie+ab%C3%A9nakise+au+Qu%C3%A9bec+Aln8ba%C3%AFwi+Kdakina--+notre+monde+%C3%A0+la+mani%C3%A8re+ab%C3%A9nakise&rft.degree=Doctor+of+Philosophy&rft.inst=McGill+University&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Charland&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.mcgill.ca%2Fconcern%2Ftheses%2Fh702q682m%3Flocale%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurent1884" class="citation book cs1">Laurent, Joseph (September 7, 1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newfamiliaraben01laurgoog"><i>New familiar Abenakis and English dialogues, the first ever published on the grammatical system</i></a>. 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Translated by Johanne Laporte. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904102048/http://www.memphre.com/rompre.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.memphre.com&rft.atitle=Magog+Township&rft.date=2000-05-10&rft.aulast=Dallaire&rft.aufirst=Gilles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.memphre.com%2Frompre.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoisvert2000" class="citation web cs1">Boisvert, Jacques (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tomifobia.com/lake_monster/update_2000.html">"Memphre: Reports 2000"</a>. <i>Log Cabin Chronicles 2000 Lake Monster sighting report</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151007030229/http://www.tomifobia.com/lake_monster/update_2000.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Log+Cabin+Chronicles+2000+Lake+Monster+sighting+report&rft.atitle=Memphre%3A+Reports+2000&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Boisvert&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tomifobia.com%2Flake_monster%2Fupdate_2000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230545/http://www.lhdepot.com/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=1733">"Maxfield Point Lighthouse"</a>. <i>Lighthouses at Lighthouse Depot - Lighthouse Explorer Database</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lhdepot.com/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=1733">the original</a> on 2007-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lighthouses+at+Lighthouse+Depot+-+Lighthouse+Explorer+Database&rft.atitle=Maxfield+Point+Lighthouse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lhdepot.com%2Fdatabase%2Funiquelighthouse.cfm%3Fvalue%3D1733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230551/http://www.lhdepot.com/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=1734">"Newport Wharf Light"</a>. <i>Lighthouses at Lighthouse Depot - Lighthouse Explorer Database</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lhdepot.com/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=1734">the original</a> on 2007-09-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lighthouses+at+Lighthouse+Depot+-+Lighthouse+Explorer+Database&rft.atitle=Newport+Wharf+Light&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lhdepot.com%2Fdatabase%2Funiquelighthouse.cfm%3Fvalue%3D1734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020618142551/http://www.lhdepot.com/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=1732">"Whipple Point Lighthouse"</a>. <i>Lighthouses at Lighthouse Depot - Lighthouse Explorer Database</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lhdepot.com/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=1732">the original</a> on 18 June 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lighthouses+at+Lighthouse+Depot+-+Lighthouse+Explorer+Database&rft.atitle=Whipple+Point+Lighthouse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lhdepot.com%2Fdatabase%2Funiquelighthouse.cfm%3Fvalue%3D1732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisonFinnegan" class="citation web cs1">Harrison, Tim; Finnegan, Kathleen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lhdigest.com/digest/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=1739">"Magog Light"</a>. <i>Lighthouse Explorer</i>. Foghorn Publishing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141027151627/http://www.lhdigest.com/digest/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=1739">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lighthouse+Explorer&rft.atitle=Magog+Light&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Finnegan%2C+Kathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lhdigest.com%2Fdigest%2Fdatabase%2Funiquelighthouse.cfm%3Fvalue%3D1739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dmf82-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dmf82_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dmf82_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dmf82_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dmf82_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dmf82_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dmf82_37-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130527151230/http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/199178-1883.pdf">Sixteenth Annual Report</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Ottawa: Canadian Department of Marine and Fisheries. 1 January 1884. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/199178-1883.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Sixteenth+Annual+Report&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pub=Canadian+Department+of+Marine+and+Fisheries&rft.date=1884-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfo-mpo.gc.ca%2FLibrary%2F199178-1883.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisonFinnegan" class="citation web cs1">Harrison, Tim; Finnegan, Kathleen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lhdigest.com/digest/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=2635">"Witch Shoal Light"</a>. <i>Lighthouse Explorer</i>. Foghorn Publishing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141027144111/http://www.lhdigest.com/digest/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=2635">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lighthouse+Explorer&rft.atitle=Witch+Shoal+Light&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Finnegan%2C+Kathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lhdigest.com%2Fdigest%2Fdatabase%2Funiquelighthouse.cfm%3Fvalue%3D2635&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisonFinnegan" class="citation web cs1">Harrison, Tim; Finnegan, Kathleen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lhdigest.com/digest/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=1736">"Black Point Light"</a>. <i>Lighthouse Explorer</i>. Foghorn Publishing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141027151638/http://www.lhdigest.com/digest/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=1736">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lighthouse+Explorer&rft.atitle=Black+Point+Light&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Finnegan%2C+Kathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lhdigest.com%2Fdigest%2Fdatabase%2Funiquelighthouse.cfm%3Fvalue%3D1736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisonFinnegan" class="citation web cs1">Harrison, Tim; Finnegan, Kathleen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lhdigest.com/digest/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=1735">"Wadleigh Point Light"</a>. <i>Lighthouse Explorer</i>. Foghorn Publishing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141027144203/http://www.lhdigest.com/digest/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=1735">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lighthouse+Explorer&rft.atitle=Wadleigh+Point+Light&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Finnegan%2C+Kathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lhdigest.com%2Fdigest%2Fdatabase%2Funiquelighthouse.cfm%3Fvalue%3D1735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisonFinnegan" class="citation web cs1">Harrison, Tim; Finnegan, Kathleen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lhdigest.com/digest/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=3498">"Château da Silva Light"</a>. <i>Lighthouse Explorer</i>. Foghorn Publishing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141027151528/http://www.lhdigest.com/digest/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=3498">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lighthouse+Explorer&rft.atitle=Ch%C3%A2teau+da+Silva+Light&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Finnegan%2C+Kathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lhdigest.com%2Fdigest%2Fdatabase%2Funiquelighthouse.cfm%3Fvalue%3D3498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisonFinnegan" class="citation web cs1">Harrison, Tim; Finnegan, Kathleen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lhdigest.com/digest/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=1737">"Molson Island Light"</a>. <i>Lighthouse Explorer</i>. Foghorn Publishing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141027143004/http://www.lhdigest.com/digest/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=1737">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lighthouse+Explorer&rft.atitle=Molson+Island+Light&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Finnegan%2C+Kathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lhdigest.com%2Fdigest%2Fdatabase%2Funiquelighthouse.cfm%3Fvalue%3D1737&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisonFinnegan" class="citation web cs1">Harrison, Tim; Finnegan, Kathleen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lhdigest.com/digest/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=1738">"Lead Mines Light"</a>. <i>Lighthouse Explorer</i>. Foghorn Publishing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141027143017/http://www.lhdigest.com/digest/database/uniquelighthouse.cfm?value=1738">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lighthouse+Explorer&rft.atitle=Lead+Mines+Light&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Finnegan%2C+Kathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lhdigest.com%2Fdigest%2Fdatabase%2Funiquelighthouse.cfm%3Fvalue%3D1738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110306080203/http://www.escapadesmemphremagog.com/en/escapades-memphremagog.htm">"Anchors aweigh! Climb aboard the Grand Cru for a gourmet cruise on magnificent Lake Memphremagog"</a>. <i>Escapades Memphrémagog</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escapadesmemphremagog.com/en/escapades-memphremagog.htm">the original</a> on 6 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Escapades+Memphr%C3%A9magog&rft.atitle=Anchors+aweigh%21+Climb+aboard+the+Grand+Cru+for+a+gourmet+cruise+on+magnificent+Lake+Memphremagog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.escapadesmemphremagog.com%2Fen%2Fescapades-memphremagog.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVermont_Department_of_Environmental_Conservation_Watershed_Management_Division2022" class="citation web cs1">Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation Watershed Management Division (2022-02-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dec.vermont.gov/sites/dec/files/wsm/lakes/docs/Memph_LiC_Bill_Presentation_Feb-2022.pdf">"Lake Memphremagog Lake & Tributary Water Quality Trends & Aquatic Invasive Species Update"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lake+Memphremagog+Lake+%26+Tributary+Water+Quality+Trends+%26+Aquatic+Invasive+Species+Update&rft.date=2022-02-14&rft.au=Vermont+Department+of+Environmental+Conservation+Watershed+Management+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdec.vermont.gov%2Fsites%2Fdec%2Ffiles%2Fwsm%2Flakes%2Fdocs%2FMemph_LiC_Bill_Presentation_Feb-2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sargentsbayyachtclub.com">"Sargent's Bay Yacht Club"</a>. <i>Sargent's Bay Yacht Club</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305103951/http://www.sargentsbayyachtclub.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sargent%27s+Bay+Yacht+Club&rft.atitle=Sargent%27s+Bay+Yacht+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sargentsbayyachtclub.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">André Loiselle, Denys Arcand's <i>Le Déclin de L'empire Américain and Les Invasions Barbares</i>, University of Toronto Press, 2008, p. 23.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbottJensen2014" class="citation book cs1">Abbott; Jensen, Niels (2014). <i>Memphrémagog: an illustrated history</i>. Georgeville, Québec: Georgeville Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0987969118" title="Special:BookSources/978-0987969118"><bdi>978-0987969118</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memphr%C3%A9magog%3A+an+illustrated+history&rft.place=Georgeville%2C+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.pub=Georgeville+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0987969118&rft.au=Abbott&rft.au=Jensen%2C+Niels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonitoring_and_Assessment_Work_Group_of_the_Quebec/Vermont_Steering_Committee_on_Lake_Memphremagog2008" class="citation book cs1">Monitoring and Assessment Work Group of the Quebec/Vermont Steering Committee on Lake Memphremagog (May 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec//waterq/mapp/docs/mp_basin17.assessment_report.pdf"><i>The Water Quality of Lake Memphremagog</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Water+Quality+of+Lake+Memphremagog&rft.date=2008-05-08&rft.au=Monitoring+and+Assessment+Work+Group+of+the+Quebec%2FVermont+Steering+Committee+on+Lake+Memphremagog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anr.state.vt.us%2Fdec%2F%2Fwaterq%2Fmapp%2Fdocs%2Fmp_basin17.assessment_report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Memphremagog" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Memphremagog&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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