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<span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Histoire</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Montée_en_puissance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montée_en_puissance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Montée en puissance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montée_en_puissance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Domination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Déclin_et_chute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Déclin_et_chute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Déclin et chute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Déclin_et_chute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liste_des_sultans_ghaznévides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liste_des_sultans_ghaznévides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Liste des sultans ghaznévides</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liste_des_sultans_ghaznévides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ghaznévides</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 42 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="السلالة الغزنوية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السلالة الغزنوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99zn%C9%99vil%C9%99r" title="Qəznəvilər – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qəznəvilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="غزنوی‌لر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="غزنوی‌لر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%BD%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%B8%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80" title="Ғәзнәүиҙәр – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ғәзнәүиҙәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Газневіды – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Газневіды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Газневиди – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Газневиди" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6" title="গজনভি রাজবংশ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গজনভি রাজবংশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazn%C3%A8vides" title="Gaznèvides – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gaznèvides" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%BA%DB%95%D8%B2%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%8C" title="شانشینی غەزنەوی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شانشینی غەزنەوی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznawiden" title="Ghaznawiden – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ghaznawiden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Γαζναβίδες – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαζναβίδες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ghaznavids" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaznavidoj" title="Gaznavidoj – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gaznavidoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="غزنویان – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غزنویان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznavidit" title="Ghaznavidit – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ghaznavidit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="ग़ज़नवी साम्राज्य – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग़ज़नवी साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaznavid%C3%A1k" title="Gaznavidák – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gaznavidák" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznawiyah" title="Ghaznawiyah – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ghaznawiyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznavidi" title="Ghaznavidi – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ghaznavidi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%8A%E6%9C%9D" title="ガズナ朝 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガズナ朝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B8_%D3%99%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Ғазнауи әулеті – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ғазнауи әулеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%98%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಘಜ಼್ನವೀಡ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಘಜ಼್ನವೀಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%A6%88%EB%82%98_%EC%99%95%EC%A1%B0" title="가즈나 왕조 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가즈나 왕조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaznevidai" title="Gaznevidai – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gaznevidai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="غزنویون – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="غزنویون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznaviden" title="Ghaznaviden – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ghaznaviden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznavid" title="Ghaznavid – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ghaznavid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznawidzi" title="Ghaznawidzi – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ghaznawidzi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="غزنويان – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="غزنويان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Газневиды – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Газневиды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznovci" title="Ghaznovci – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ghaznovci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznaviderna" title="Ghaznaviderna – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ghaznaviderna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="கசானவித்துப் பேரரசு – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கசானவித்துப் பேரரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Ғазнавиён – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ғазнавиён" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C" title="จักรวรรดิกาสนาวิยะห์ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวรรดิกาสนาวิยะห์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_Ghaznavid" title="Mga Ghaznavid – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga Ghaznavid" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazneliler" title="Gazneliler – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gazneliler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%DB%95%D8%B2%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="غەزنەۋىلەر ئىمپىرىيىسى – ouïghour" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="غەزنەۋىلەر ئىمپىرىيىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ouïghour" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Газневіди – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Газневіди" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a 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#EBEBEB;"> <div>Ghaznévides<br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Persan" title="Persan">fa</a>) سلسله غزنویان</small></div> </div><p class="center"><a href="/wiki/962" title="962">962</a>–<a href="/wiki/1187" title="1187">1187</a></p><table style="width:100%"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Old_Ghaznavid_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau"><img alt="Drapeau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Old_Ghaznavid_Flag.svg/110px-Old_Ghaznavid_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Old_Ghaznavid_Flag.svg/165px-Old_Ghaznavid_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Old_Ghaznavid_Flag.svg/220px-Old_Ghaznavid_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr class="mw-empty-elt"></tr></tbody></table><table><caption class="hidden" style=""> </caption></table><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ghaznavids1028.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ghaznavids1028.png/220px-Ghaznavids1028.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ghaznavids1028.png/330px-Ghaznavids1028.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Ghaznavids1028.png/440px-Ghaznavids1028.png 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="658" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend">L'Empire ghaznévide vers 1027</div><table><caption style="background-color:#EBEBEB;">Informations générales</caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Capitale" title="Capitale">Capitale</a></th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Ghazni_(ville)" title="Ghazni (ville)">Ghazna</a>, puis <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a></th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunnisme" title="Sunnisme">sunnite</a></td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#EBEBEB;">Histoire et événements</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/962" title="962">962</a></th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Alpteg%C3%AEn" title="Alptegîn">Alptegîn</a> instaure la dynastie</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">vers <a href="/wiki/1000" title="1000">1000</a></th> <td> Apogée de l'empire</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/1040" title="1040">1040</a></th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Dandanakan" title="Bataille de Dandanakan">Défaite</a> contre les <a href="/wiki/Seldjoukides" title="Seldjoukides">Seldjoukides</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/1149" title="1149">1149</a></th> <td> Prise de <a href="/wiki/Ghazni_(ville)" title="Ghazni (ville)">Ghazna</a> par les <a href="/wiki/Ghurides" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghurides">Ghurides</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/1186" title="1186">1186</a></th> <td> Conquête de <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, fin de l'empire</td> </tr> </tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#EBEBEB;">Sultans</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">(<abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr>) <a href="/wiki/962" title="962">962</a>-<a href="/wiki/963" title="963">963</a></th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Alpteg%C3%AEn" title="Alptegîn">Alptegîn</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">(D<sup>er</sup>) <a href="/wiki/1160" title="1160">1160</a>-<a href="/wiki/1186" title="1186">1186</a></th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Khusr%C3%BB_M%C3%A2lik_Sh%C3%A2h" class="mw-redirect" title="Khusrû Mâlik Shâh">Khusrû Mâlik Shâh</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table><div class="hr" style="background-color:#aaa; height:1px;"></div><div style="float:left;width:45%;"> <p>Entités précédentes :</p> <ul style="text-align:left"> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanides" title="Samanides">Samanides</a></li></ul></div><div style="float:right;width:45%;"> <p>Entités suivantes :</p> <ul style="text-align:left"> <li><a href="/wiki/Seldjoukides" title="Seldjoukides">Seldjoukides</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ghurides" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghurides">Ghurides</a></li></ul></div><div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#EBEBEB;"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&veaction=edit&section=0">modifier</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&action=edit&section=0">modifier le code</a> - <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/frwiki/Ghazn%C3%A9vides" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/frwiki/Ghaznévides">voir Wikidata</a> <a href="/wiki/Aide:Infobox_Wikidata" title="Aide:Infobox Wikidata">(aide)</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Ancienne_entit%C3%A9_territoriale" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>Les <b>Ghaznévides</b> (en turc : Gazneliler, <a href="/wiki/Persan" title="Persan">persan</a> : <span class="lang-fa" lang="fa" dir="rtl">سلسله غزنویان</span>) sont une dynastie musulmane <a href="/wiki/Peuples_turcs" class="mw-redirect" title="Peuples turcs">turcique</a>, fondée par <a href="/wiki/Subuktig%C3%AEn" title="Subuktigîn">Subuktigîn</a> et qui régna de la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="10ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">X</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle à la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle sur un empire s'étendant sur les régions du <a href="/wiki/Khorassan" title="Khorassan">Khorâsan</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Ghazn%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghaznî">Ghaznî</a> et du <a href="/wiki/Panj%C3%A2b" class="mw-redirect" title="Panjâb">Panjâb</a>. </p><p>L’<b>Empire ghaznévide </b> (<a href="/wiki/Persan" title="Persan">persan</a> : <span class="lang-fa" lang="fa" dir="rtl">سلسله غزنویان</span>) exista de 962 à 1187, dirigé par une dynastie <a href="/wiki/Mamelouk" title="Mamelouk">mamelouke</a> d'origine <a href="/wiki/Turquie" title="Turquie">turque</a>. C'était un État <a href="/wiki/Musulman" title="Musulman">musulman</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunnite" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnite">sunnite</a> qui, initialement, dirigea le <a href="/wiki/Grand_Khorasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Khorasan">Grand Khorasan</a> (remplaçant ainsi les <a href="/wiki/Samanides" title="Samanides">Samanides</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, centré sur l'actuel <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. Il a été créé par <a href="/wiki/Alpteg%C3%AEn" title="Alptegîn">Alptegîn</a>, avec la ville de <a href="/wiki/Ghazni_(ville)" title="Ghazni (ville)">Ghazna</a> comme capitale. Après la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Dandanakan" title="Bataille de Dandanakan">bataille de Dandanakan</a> en 1040, l'empire a perdu ses territoires de l'ouest au profit des <a href="/wiki/Seldjoukides" title="Seldjoukides">Seldjoukides</a> et a déplacé sa capitale à <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, régnant ainsi principalement au <a href="/wiki/Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab">Punjab</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Montée_en_puissance"><span id="Mont.C3.A9e_en_puissance"></span>Montée en puissance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Montée en puissance" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Montée en puissance"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deux familles militaires — les Simjurides et les Ghaznévides — issues des régiments d'esclaves <a href="/wiki/Peuples_turcs" class="mw-redirect" title="Peuples turcs">turcs</a>, menacent la dynastie <a href="/wiki/Samanide" class="mw-redirect" title="Samanide">Samanide</a>. Les Simjurides reçoivent la région du <a href="/wiki/Kouhistan" title="Kouhistan">Kouhistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kouhistan" title="Kouhistan">Qûhistân</a>) au sud du <a href="/wiki/Grand_Khorasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Khorasan">Khorasan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alpteg%C3%AEn" title="Alptegîn">Alptegîn</a> fonde la fortune des Ghaznévides quand il s'établit lui-même à Ghazna (actuelle <a href="/wiki/Ghazni_(ville)" title="Ghazni (ville)">Ghazni</a> en <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>) en 962. Lui et Abu al-Hasan Simjuri, en tant que généraux <a href="/wiki/Samanides" title="Samanides">samanides</a>, sont rivaux pour occuper le poste de gouverneur du Khorasan et contrôler l'Empire Samanide en plaçant sur le trône des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mir" title="Émir">émirs</a> qu'ils peuvent dominer. Abu al-Hasan Simjuri meurt en 961, mais quand l'émir <a href="/wiki/Samanide" class="mw-redirect" title="Samanide">Samanide</a> <span><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Malik_Ier_(Samanides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Malik Ier (Samanides)"><span class="nowrap">Abdul Malik <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></span></a></span> meurt en 961, une crise de succession éclate entre ses frères. Une partie de la cour, à l'instigation de la classe des fonctionnaires (ministres civils opposés aux généraux turcs), rejette la candidature de Alptegin au trône samanide. <span><a href="/wiki/Mansur_Ier_(Samanides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mansur Ier (Samanides)"><span class="nowrap">Mansur <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></span></a></span> est intronisé et Alptegin se retire prudemment dans ses fiefs de Ghazna. Les Simjurides aiment contrôler le Khorasan du Sud et l'<a href="/wiki/Amou-Daria" title="Amou-Daria">Oxus</a> mais, soumis aux fortes pressions d'une troisième grande dynastie iranienne, les <a href="/wiki/Bouyides" title="Bouyides">Bouyides</a>, se montrent incapables de survivre à la chute des Samanides et à la prise de pouvoir des Ghaznévides. </p><p>La lutte des généraux turcs esclaves pour le contrôle du trône, aidés d'allégeances éphémères venant des chefs de la cour ministérielle, accélère le déclin des Samanides. Leur faiblesse attire en <a href="/wiki/Transoxiane" title="Transoxiane">Transoxiane</a> les <a href="/wiki/Peuples_turcs" class="mw-redirect" title="Peuples turcs">Turcs</a> <a href="/wiki/Karlouks" title="Karlouks">Qarluq</a>, fraîchement convertis à l'islam. Ils occupent <a href="/wiki/Boukhara" title="Boukhara">Boukhara</a> en 992 et installent en Transoxiane le pouvoir des <a href="/wiki/Qarakhanides" title="Qarakhanides">Qarakhanides</a>, aussi appelés <i>dynastie Ilek-Khanide</i>. À Alptegin succède à Ghazna son beau-fils Subuktigin, qui meurt en campagne en 997. <a href="/wiki/Mahm%C3%BBd_de_Ghazn%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmûd de Ghaznî">Mahmoud</a>, fils aîné de <a href="/wiki/Subuktig%C3%AEn" title="Subuktigîn">Subuktigîn</a>, prend le pouvoir et conclut avec les Qarakhanides un accord où chacun reconnait l'<a href="/wiki/Amou-Daria" title="Amou-Daria">Oxus</a> comme frontière mutuelle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domination">Domination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Domination" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Domination"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ghaznavid_Empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ghaznavid_Empire.jpg/300px-Ghaznavid_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Ghaznavid_Empire.jpg/450px-Ghaznavid_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Ghaznavid_Empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="210" /></a><figcaption>Frontières de l'Empire ghaznévide.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Subuktig%C3%AEn" title="Subuktigîn">Subuktigîn</a> se proclame seigneur des territoires conquis <a href="/wiki/Samanide" class="mw-redirect" title="Samanide">Samanides</a> et <a href="/wiki/Shahiyas" title="Shahiyas">Shahi</a>, qui couvrent à peu près l'actuel <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Pendjab" title="Pendjab">Pendjab</a>. Quand, en 997, <a href="/wiki/Mahm%C3%BBd_de_Ghazn%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmûd de Ghaznî">Mahmoud</a> succède à son père, Ghazni et la dynastie Ghaznévide seront définitivement associés. Mahmoud étend ses territoires par la conquête des territoires <a href="/wiki/Samanide" class="mw-redirect" title="Samanide">Samanides</a>, du royaume <a href="/wiki/Shahiyas" title="Shahiyas">Shahi</a>, du royaume <a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%A9lisme" title="Ismaélisme">ismaélien</a> de <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a>, du <a href="/wiki/Sindh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>, ainsi que quelques territoires Bouyides. Sous son règne, l'Empire Ghaznévide connait son âge d'or et son apogée. Mahmoud mène dix-sept expéditions dans le nord de l'<a href="/wiki/Inde" title="Inde">Inde</a>, qu'il contrôle en y installant des États tributaires. Ces raids accompagnés de pillages lui procurent un butin énorme. Il établit son autorité des frontières du <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> à <a href="/wiki/Samarcande" title="Samarcande">Samarkand</a>, de la <a href="/wiki/Mer_Caspienne" title="Mer Caspienne">mer Caspienne</a> au <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a>. </p><p>Les richesses rapportées à Ghazni, des expéditions indiennes, sont considérables, et les historiens contemporains (comme <a href="/wiki/Abolfazl_Beyhaghi" title="Abolfazl Beyhaghi">Abolfazl Beyhaghi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a>) décrivent élogieusement la magnificence de la capitale, mettant l'accent sur le généreux mécénat littéraire du conquérant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Déclin_et_chute"><span id="D.C3.A9clin_et_chute"></span>Déclin et chute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Déclin et chute" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Déclin et chute"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mahmoud meurt en 1030, mais son fils Mas'ud est incapable de contrôler les territoires conquis et perd la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Dandanakan" title="Bataille de Dandanakan">bataille de Dandanakan</a> en 1040 contre les <a href="/wiki/Seldjoukides" title="Seldjoukides">Seldjoukides</a>. Bien qu'il y eût un certain sursaut sous Ibrahim (1059-1099), l'empire n'atteindra plus jamais la même puissance et la même splendeur. Les Ghaznévides seront bientôt éclipsés par les <a href="/wiki/Seldjoukides" title="Seldjoukides">Seldjoukides</a> d’<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. </p><p>L'Empire ghaznévide prend fin en 1149 avec la prise de Ghazna par les <a href="/wiki/Ghurides" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghurides">Ghurides</a>. Le pouvoir ghaznévide au nord de l'<a href="/wiki/Inde" title="Inde">Inde</a> perdure jusqu'à la conquête de <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> en 1186. </p><p>La culture perse, établie par les Ghaznévides à Ghazna et en Afghanistan oriental, survécurent aux invasions ghurides au <abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle et continua jusqu'aux invasions des <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Après leurs défaites, les Ghaznévides s'installent à Ghazni, où – durant des siècles – évoluera la nouvelle tribu Ghilzai, mentionnée pour la première fois au <abbr class="abbr" title="16ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle. Les sources historiques sont un peu floues, mais on suppose que c'est <a href="/wiki/Nasher" title="Nasher">Nasher</a>, le dernier Khan Ghaznévide, qui régna sur la tribu des Ghilzai Kharoti au <abbr class="abbr" title="10ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">X</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle. Ils devinrent importants à nouveau entre le <abbr class="abbr" title="16ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> et le <abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, quand les Khans fondent plusieurs dynasties, parmi lesquelles la dynastie <a href="/wiki/Hotaki" title="Hotaki">Hotaki</a>, régnant un temps sur la Perse et la dynastie (Lodi) <a href="/wiki/Empire_moghol" title="Empire moghol">Moghol</a> à <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liste_des_sultans_ghaznévides"><span id="Liste_des_sultans_ghazn.C3.A9vides"></span>Liste des sultans ghaznévides</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Liste des sultans ghaznévides" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liste des sultans ghaznévides"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>962-963 : Alptegîn</li> <li>Gouverneurs <a href="/wiki/Samanides" title="Samanides">Samanides</a> de Ghaznî : <ul><li>963-966 : Ishâq</li> <li>966-972 : Balkâtigîn</li> <li>972-977 : Pîrî</li></ul></li> <li>977-997 : <a href="/wiki/Subuktig%C3%AEn" title="Subuktigîn">Subuktigîn</a></li> <li>997-1030 : <a href="/wiki/Mahm%C3%BBd_de_Ghazn%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmûd de Ghaznî">Mahmûd</a> Yamîn ud-Dawleh</li> <li>1030-1040 : <a href="/wiki/Mas%C3%BBd_de_Ghazn%C3%AE" title="Masûd de Ghaznî"><span class="nowrap">Mas`ûd <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></span></a> Shihâb ud-Dawleh</li> <li>1040-1041 : Muhammed</li> <li>1041-1048 : <a href="/wiki/Mawd%C3%BBd_Ab%C3%BB_al-Fath" title="Mawdûd Abû al-Fath">Mawdûd Abû al-Fath</a></li> <li>1048-1049 : <a href="/wiki/Massoud_II_de_Ghazni" title="Massoud II de Ghazni">Massoud II</a></li> <li>1050-1050 : <a href="/wiki/Ali_de_Ghazni" title="Ali de Ghazni">Alî Abûl Hasan Bahâ ud-Dawleh</a></li> <li>1050-1052 : Abd ur-Rashîd Izz ud-Dawleh</li> <li>1052-1053 : Tughrîl Qiwwam ud-Dawleh</li> <li>1053-1059 : Farrukhzâd Jamâl ud-Dawleh</li> <li>1059-1099 : Ibrahîm Zahîr ud-Dawleh</li> <li>1099-1114 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masud_Ghaznavi_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masud Ghaznavi III (page inexistante)"><span class="nowrap">Mas`ûd <abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></span></a> Alâ ud-Dawleh</li> <li>1114-1115 : <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sherzad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sherzad (page inexistante)">Sherzâd</a> Kemâl ud-Dawleh</li> <li>1115-1118 : Arslân Sultân ud-Dawleh</li> <li>1118-1152 : Bahrâm Shâh</li> <li>1152-1160 : Khusrû Shâh Muizz ud-Dîn</li> <li>1160-1186 : Khusrû Mâlik Shâh Tâj ud-Dawleh</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bosworth1963"><span class="ouvrage" id="Clifford_Edmund_Bosworth1963"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Edmund_Bosworth" title="Clifford Edmund Bosworth">Clifford Edmund Bosworth</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Ghaznavids : Their Empire in Afghanistan and Eastern Iran 994–1040</cite>, Édimbourg, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « History, philosophy & economics » (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 17), <time>1963</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/fr/title/3601436">3601436</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ghaznavids+%3A+Their+Empire+in+Afghanistan+and+Eastern+Iran+994%E2%80%931040&rft.place=%C3%89dimbourg&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3601436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AGhazn%C3%A9vides"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bosworth1977"><span class="ouvrage" id="Clifford_Edmund_Bosworth1977"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Clifford Edmund Bosworth, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Later Ghaznavids : Splendour and Decay, The Dynasty in Afghanistan and Northern India 1040–1186</cite>, New York, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>, <time>1977</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-231-04428-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-231-04428-3"><span class="nowrap">0-231-04428-3</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Later+Ghaznavids+%3A+Splendour+and+Decay%2C+The+Dynasty+in+Afghanistan+and+Northern+India+1040%E2%80%931186&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-231-04428-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AGhazn%C3%A9vides"></span></span></span></li> <li>Clifford Edmund Bosworth, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ghaznavids"><i>"Ghaznavids"</i></a>, in <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Frédéric1987"><span class="ouvrage" id="Louis_Frédéric1987"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric" title="Louis Frédéric">Louis Frédéric</a>, <cite class="italique">Dictionnaire de la civilisation indienne</cite>, Robert Laffont, <time>1987</time>, 1276 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-221-01258-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-221-01258-5"><span class="nowrap">2-221-01258-5</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+de+la+civilisation+indienne&rft.pub=Robert+Laffont&rft.aulast=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.date=1987&rft.tpages=1276&rft.isbn=2-221-01258-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AGhazn%C3%A9vides"></span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Edmund_Bosworth" title="Clifford Edmund Bosworth">C.E. Bosworth</a>, <i>"Ghaznavids"</i>, in <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a>, Online Edition 2006, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ghaznavids">lire en ligne</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bosworth1968"><span class="ouvrage" id="C.E._Bosworth1968"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> C.E. Bosworth, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The Development of Persian Culture under the Early Ghaznavids</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Iran</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 6,‎ <time>1968</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 39 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0578-6967">0578-6967</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4299599">10.2307/4299599</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4299599">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Development+of+Persian+Culture+under+the+Early+Ghaznavids&rft.jtitle=Iran&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.date=1968&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=39&rft.issn=0578-6967&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4299599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AGhazn%C3%A9vides"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghazn%C3%A9vides&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12844800?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/54945714">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/118859951">GND</a></span></li> </ul></div></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12844800?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ghaznavid-dynasty"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/ghaznavidi_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><i>Dizionario di Storia</i></a></li> </ul></div></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Histoire_de_l%27Iran" title="Modèle:Palette Histoire de l'Iran"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Histoire_de_l%27Iran&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Histoire_de_l%27Iran" title="Histoire de l'Iran">Histoire de l’Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chronologie_de_l%27Iran" title="Chronologie de l'Iran">chronologie</a>)</div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Protohistoire</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civilisation_proto-%C3%A9lamite" title="Civilisation proto-élamite">Civilisation proto-élamite</a> (3200 – 2700 av. J.-C.)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/14px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/21px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/28px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lam" title="Élam">Royaume élamite</a> (2700 – 539 av. J.-C.)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Antiquité</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/14px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/21px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/28px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A8des" title="Mèdes">Royaume mède</a> (728 – 550 av. J.-C.)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/14px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/21px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/28px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ach%C3%A9m%C3%A9nides" title="Achéménides">Empire achéménide</a> (648 – 330 av. J.-C.)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/14px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/21px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/28px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9leucides" title="Séleucides">Royaume séleucide</a> (312 – 150 av. J.-C.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_parthe" title="Empire parthe">Empire parthe</a> (250 av. J.-C. – 226)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassanides" title="Sassanides">Empire sassanide</a> (226 – 650)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Moyen Âge</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conqu%C3%AAte_musulmane_de_la_Perse" title="Conquête musulmane de la Perse">Conquête islamique</a> (637 – 651)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masmughans_du_Dumavand" title="Masmughans du Dumavand">Masmughans du Dumavand</a> (651 - 760)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanides" title="Samanides">Dynastie samanide</a> (875 – 999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarides" title="Ziyarides">Dynastie ziyaride</a> (928 – 1043)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouyides" title="Bouyides">Dynastie bouyide</a> (934 – 1055)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_ghazn%C3%A9vide" title="Empire ghaznévide">Empire ghaznévide</a> (963 – 1187)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_seldjoukide" title="Empire seldjoukide">Empire turc seldjoukide</a> (1037 – 1194)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_khwarezmien" title="Empire khwarezmien">Empire khorezmien</a> (1077 – 1231)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkhanat_de_Perse" title="Ilkhanat de Perse">Ilkhanat</a> (1256 – 1353)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozaffarides_(Iran)" title="Mozaffarides (Iran)">Dynastie mozaffaride</a> (1314 – 1393)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_timouride" title="Empire timouride">Empire timouride</a> (1370 – 1506)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Époque moderne</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9f%C3%A9vides" title="Séfévides">Empire séfévide</a> (1501 – 1722/1736)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotaki" title="Hotaki">Afghans hotaki</a> (1722 – 1729)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afcharides" title="Afcharides">Dynastie afcharide</a> (1736 – 1802)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynastie_Zand" title="Dynastie Zand">Dynastie Zand</a> (1750 – 1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_kadjar" title="Empire kadjar">Empire kadjar</a> (1794 – 1925)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Époque contemporaine</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_imp%C3%A9rial_d%27Iran" title="État impérial d'Iran">État impérial d'Iran</a> (1925 – 1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_iranienne" title="Révolution iranienne">Révolution iranienne</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouvernement_provisoire_de_l%27Iran" title="Gouvernement provisoire de l'Iran">Gouvernement provisoire</a> (1979 – 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">République islamique d'Iran</a> (depuis 1980)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ghazn%C3%A9vides" title="Modèle:Palette Ghaznévides"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ghazn%C3%A9vides&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ghaznévides</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-list" style="" colspan="2"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subuktig%C3%AEn" title="Subuktigîn">Subuktigîn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%AFl_de_Ghazni" title="Ismaïl de Ghazni">Ismaïl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_de_Ghazni" title="Mahmoud de Ghazni">Mahmoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_de_Ghazni" title="Mohammed de Ghazni">Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas%C3%BBd_de_Ghazn%C3%AE" title="Masûd de Ghaznî">Massoud <abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawd%C3%BBd_Ab%C3%BB_al-Fath" title="Mawdûd Abû al-Fath">Mawdoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massoud_II_de_Ghazni" title="Massoud II de Ghazni">Massoud <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_de_Ghazni" title="Ali de Ghazni">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd_al-Rachid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abd al-Rachid (page inexistante)">Abd al-Rachid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toghrul_de_Ghazni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toghrul de Ghazni (page inexistante)">Toghrul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farrokhzad_de_Ghazni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farrokhzad de Ghazni (page inexistante)">Farrokhzad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_de_Ghazni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahim de Ghazni (page inexistante)">Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massoud_III_de_Ghazni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massoud III de Ghazni (page inexistante)">Massoud <abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shirzad_de_Ghazni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shirzad de Ghazni (page inexistante)">Shirzad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arslan_Chah_de_Ghazni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arslan Chah de Ghazni (page inexistante)">Arslan Chah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahram Chah (page inexistante)">Bahram Chah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khosr%C3%B4_Chah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khosrô Chah (page inexistante)">Khosrô Chah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khosr%C3%B4_Malek" title="Khosrô Malek">Khosrô Malek</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Iran_et_monde_iranien" title="Portail de l’Iran et du monde iranien"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag-map_of_Iran_%28tricolour%29.svg/26px-Flag-map_of_Iran_%28tricolour%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag-map_of_Iran_%28tricolour%29.svg/39px-Flag-map_of_Iran_%28tricolour%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag-map_of_Iran_%28tricolour%29.svg/52px-Flag-map_of_Iran_%28tricolour%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="883" data-file-height="812" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Iran_et_monde_iranien" title="Portail:Iran et monde iranien">Portail de l’Iran et du monde iranien</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Afghanistan" title="Portail de l’Afghanistan"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Afghanistan_provinces_blue.png/32px-Afghanistan_provinces_blue.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Afghanistan_provinces_blue.png/47px-Afghanistan_provinces_blue.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Afghanistan_provinces_blue.png/63px-Afghanistan_provinces_blue.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1954" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Afghanistan" title="Portail:Afghanistan">Portail de l’Afghanistan</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Islam" title="Portail de l’islam"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/28px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" 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