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speed</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: sliding speed"> <meta name="keywords" content="sliding speed"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="sliding speed"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3175</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: sliding speed</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2995</span> Research on Aerodynamic Brake Device for High-Speed Train</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Yun">S. Yun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kwak"> M. Kwak </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is about an aerodynamic brake device for a high-speed train. In order to apply an aerodynamic brake device, an influence of the aerodynamic brake device on a high-speed train was studied aerodynamically, acoustically and dynamically. Wind tunnel test was conducted to predict an effect of braking distance reduction with a scale model of 1/30. Aerodynamic drag increases by 244% with a brake panel of a 90 degree angle. Braking distance for an emergency state was predicted to decrease by 13%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20brake" title="aerodynamic brake">aerodynamic brake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=braking%20distance" title=" braking distance"> braking distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag%20coefficient" title=" drag coefficient"> drag coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-speed%20train" title=" high-speed train"> high-speed train</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind-tunnel%20test" title=" wind-tunnel test"> wind-tunnel test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65559/research-on-aerodynamic-brake-device-for-high-speed-train" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2994</span> Retrofitted Semi-Active Suspension System for a Eelectric Model Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiuh-Jer%20Huang">Shiuh-Jer Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun-Han%20Yeh"> Yun-Han Yeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 40 steps manual adjusting shock absorber was refitted with DC motor driving mechanism to construct as a semi-active suspension system for a four-wheel drive electric vehicle. Accelerometer and potentiometer sensors are installed to measure the sprung mass acceleration and suspension system compression or rebound states for control purpose. A fuzzy logic controller was designed to derive appropriate damping target based on vehicle running condition for semi-active suspension system to follow. The damping ratio control of each wheel axis suspension system is executed with a robust fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC). Different road surface conditions are chosen to evaluate the control performance of this semi-active suspension system based on wheel axis acceleration signal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-active%20suspension" title="semi-active suspension">semi-active suspension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title=" electric vehicle"> electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20sliding%20mode%20control" title=" fuzzy sliding mode control"> fuzzy sliding mode control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerometer" title=" accelerometer"> accelerometer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17661/retrofitted-semi-active-suspension-system-for-a-eelectric-model-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2993</span> Effect of Particle Size Variations on the Tribological Properties of Porcelain Waste Added Epoxy Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Yaman">B. Yaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Acikbas"> G. Acikbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Calis%20Acikbas"> N. Calis Acikbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epoxy based materials have advantages in tribological applications due to their unique properties such as light weight, self-lubrication capacity and wear resistance. On the other hand, their usage is often limited by their low load bearing capacity and low thermal conductivity values. In this study, it is aimed to improve tribological and also mechanical properties of epoxy by reinforcing with ceramic based porcelain waste. It is well-known that the reuse or recycling of waste materials leads to reduction in production costs, ease of manufacturing, saving energy, etc. From this perspective, epoxy and epoxy matrix composites containing 60wt% porcelain waste with different particle size in the range of below 90µm and 150-250µm were fabricated, and the effect of filler particle size on the mechanical and tribological properties was investigated. The microstructural characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and phase analysis was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Archimedes principle was used to measure the density and porosity of the samples. The hardness values were measured using Shore-D hardness, and bending tests were performed. Microstructural investigations indicated that porcelain particles were homogeneously distributed and no agglomerations were encountered in the epoxy resin. Mechanical test results showed that the hardness and bending strength were increased with increasing particle size related to low porosity content and well embedding to the matrix. Tribological behavior of these composites was evaluated in terms of friction, wear rates and wear mechanisms by ball-on-disk contact with dry and rotational sliding at room temperature against WC ball with a diameter of 3mm. Wear tests were carried out at room temperature (23–25°C) with a humidity of 40 ± 5% under dry-sliding conditions. The contact radius of cycles was set to 5 mm at linear speed of 30 cm/s for the geometry used in this study. In all the experiments, 3N of constant test load was applied at a frequency of 8 Hz and prolonged to 400m wear distance. The friction coefficient of samples was recorded online by the variation in the tangential force. The steady-state CoFs were changed in between 0,29-0,32. The dimensions of the wear tracks (depth and width) were measured as two-dimensional profiles by a stylus profilometer. The wear volumes were calculated by integrating these 2D surface areas over the diameter. Specific wear rates were computed by dividing the wear volume by the applied load and sliding distance. According to the experimental results, the use of porcelain waste in the fabrication of epoxy resin composites can be suggested to be potential materials due to allowing improved mechanical and tribological properties and also providing reduction in production cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20composites" title="epoxy composites">epoxy composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porcelain%20waste" title=" porcelain waste"> porcelain waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribological%20properties" title=" tribological properties "> tribological properties </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70312/effect-of-particle-size-variations-on-the-tribological-properties-of-porcelain-waste-added-epoxy-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2992</span> Velocity Logs Error Reduction for In-Service Calibration of Vessel Performance Indicators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Tsompanoglou">Maria Tsompanoglou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitris%20Armenis"> Dimitris Armenis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vessel behavior in different operational and weather conditions constitutes the main area of interest for the ship operator. Ship speed and fuel consumption are the most decisive parameters in this respect, as their correlation provides information about the economic and environmental efficiency of the vessel, becoming the basis of decision making in terms of maintenance and trading. In the analysis of vessel operational profile for the evaluation of fuel consumption and the equivalent CO2 emissions footprint, the indications of Speed Through Water are widely used. The seasonal and regional variations in seawater characteristics, which are available nowadays, can provide the basis for accurate estimation of the errors in Speed Through Water indications at any time. Accuracy in the speed value on a route basis can enable operator identify the ship fuel and propulsion efficiency and proceed with improvements. This paper discusses case studies, where the actual vessel speed was corrected by a post-processing algorithm. The effects of the vessel correction to standard Key Performance Indicators, as well as operational findings not identified earlier, are also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20analytics" title="data analytics">data analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vessel%20performance%20monitoring" title=" vessel performance monitoring"> vessel performance monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed%20through%20water" title=" speed through water"> speed through water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73808/velocity-logs-error-reduction-for-in-service-calibration-of-vessel-performance-indicators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73808.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2991</span> Speed Control of Brushless DC Motor Using PI Controller in MATLAB Simulink</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Do%20Chi%20Thanh">Do Chi Thanh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dang%20Ngoc%20Huy"> Dang Ngoc Huy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, there are more and more variable speed drive systems in small-scale and large-scale applications such as the electric vehicle industry, household appliances, medical equipment, and other industrial fields led to the development of BLDC (Brushless DC) motors. BLDC drive has many advantages, such as higher efficiency, better speed torque characteristics, high power density, and low maintenance cost compared to other conventional motors. Most BLDC motors use a proportional-integral (PI) controller and a pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme for speed control. This article describes the simulation model of BLDC motor drive control with the help of MATLAB - SIMULINK simulation software. The built simulation model includes a BLDC motor dynamic block, Hall sensor signal generation block, inverter converter block, and PI controller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brushless%20DC%20motor" title="brushless DC motor">brushless DC motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BLDC" title=" BLDC"> BLDC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=six-step%20inverter" title=" six-step inverter"> six-step inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PI%20speed" title=" PI speed"> PI speed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179369/speed-control-of-brushless-dc-motor-using-pi-controller-in-matlab-simulink" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2990</span> Improvement of Ride Comfort of Turning Electric Vehicle Using Optimal Speed Control </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingyi%20Zhou">Yingyi Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tohru%20Kawabe"> Tohru Kawabe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the spread of EVs (electric Vehicles), the ride comfort has been gaining a lot of attention. The influence of the lateral acceleration is important for the improvement of ride comfort of EVs as well as the longitudinal acceleration, especially upon turning of the vehicle. Therefore, this paper proposes a practical optimal speed control method to greatly improve the ride comfort in the vehicle turning situation. For consturcting this method, effective criteria that can appropriately evaluate deterioration of ride comfort is derived. The method can reduce the influence of both the longitudinal and the lateral speed changes for providing a confortable ride. From several simulation results, we can see the fact that the method can prevent aggravation of the ride comfort by suppressing the influence of longitudinal speed change in the turning situation. Hence, the effectiveness of the method is recognized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title="electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed%20control" title=" speed control"> speed control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ride%20comfort" title=" ride comfort"> ride comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20control%20theory" title=" optimal control theory"> optimal control theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driving%20support%20system" title=" driving support system"> driving support system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97046/improvement-of-ride-comfort-of-turning-electric-vehicle-using-optimal-speed-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2989</span> Slope Stability Considering the Top Building Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Micke%20Didit">Micke Didit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiwen%20Zhang"> Xiwen Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weidong%20Zhu"> Weidong Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Slope stability is one of the most important subjects of geotechnics. The slope top-loading plays a key role in the stability of slopes in hill slope areas. Therefore, it is of great importance to study the relationship between the load and the stability of the slope. This study aims to analyze the influence of the building load applied on the top of the slope and deduces its effect on the slope stability. For this purpose, a three-dimensional slope model under different building loads with different distances to the slope shoulder was established using the finite-difference analysis software Flac3D. The results show that the loads applied at different distances on the top of the slope have different effects on the slope stability. The slope factor of safety (fos) increases with the increase of the distance between the top-loading and the slope shoulder, resulting in the decrease of the coincidence area between the load-deformation and the potential sliding surface. The slope is no longer affected by the potential risk of sliding at approximately 20 m away from the slope shoulder. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20load" title="building load">building load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-difference%20analysis" title=" finite-difference analysis"> finite-difference analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FLAC3D%20software" title=" FLAC3D software"> FLAC3D software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20factor%20of%20safety" title=" slope factor of safety"> slope factor of safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title=" slope stability"> slope stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150072/slope-stability-considering-the-top-building-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2988</span> Effects of Spray Dryer Atomizer Speed on Casein Micelle Size in Whole Fat Milk Powder and Physicochemical Properties of White Cheese</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Goli">Mohammad Goli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akram%20Sharifi"> Akram Sharifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Yousefi%20Jozdani"> Mohammad Yousefi Jozdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Ali%20Mortazavi"> Seyed Ali Mortazavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An industrial spray dryer was used, and the effects of atomizer speed on the physicochemical properties of milk powder, the textural and sensory characteristics of white cheese made from this milk powder, were evaluated. For this purpose, whole milk was converted into powder by using three different speeds (10,000, 11,000, and 12,000 rpm). Results showed that with increasing atomizer speed in the spray dryer, the average size of casein micelle is significantly decreased (p < 0.05), whereas no significant effect is observed on the chemical properties of milk powder. White cheese characteristics indicated that with increasing atomizer speed, texture parameters, such as hardness, mastication, and gumminess, were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Sensory evaluation also revealed that cheese samples prepared with dried milk produced at 12,000 rpm were highly accepted by panelists. Overall, the findings suggested that 12,000 rpm is the optimal atomizer speed for milk powder production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20drying" title="spray drying">spray drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder%20technology" title=" powder technology"> powder technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomizer%20speed" title="atomizer speed">atomizer speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size" title=" particle size"> particle size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white%20cheese%20physical%20properties" title=" white cheese physical properties"> white cheese physical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40474/effects-of-spray-dryer-atomizer-speed-on-casein-micelle-size-in-whole-fat-milk-powder-and-physicochemical-properties-of-white-cheese" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2987</span> Effects of Test Environment on the Sliding Wear Behaviour of Cast Iron, Zinc-Aluminium Alloy and Its Composite </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20M.%20Khan">Mohammad M. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gajendra%20Dixit"> Gajendra Dixit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Partially lubricated sliding wear behaviour of a zinc-based alloy reinforced with 10wt% SiC particles has been studied as a function of applied load and solid lubricant particle size and has been compared with that of matrix alloy and conventionally used grey cast iron. The wear tests were conducted at the sliding velocities of 2.1m/sec in various partial lubricated conditions using pin on disc machine as per ASTM G-99-05. Base oil (SAE 20W-40) or mixture of the base oil with 5wt% graphite of particle sizes (7-10 µm) and (100 µm) were used for creating lubricated conditions. The matrix alloy revealed primary dendrites of a and eutectoid a + h and Î phases in the Inter dendritic regions. Similar microstructure has been depicted by the composite with an additional presence of the dispersoid SiC particles. In the case of cast iron, flakes of graphite were observed in the matrix; the latter comprised of (majority of) pearlite and (limited quantity of) ferrite. Results show a large improvement in wear resistance of the zinc-based alloy after reinforcement with SiC particles. The cast iron shows intermediate response between the matrix alloy and composite. The solid lubrication improved the wear resistance and friction behaviour of both the reinforced and base alloy. Moreover, minimum wear rate is obtained in oil+ 5wt % graphite (7-10 µm) lubricated environment for the matrix alloy and composite while for cast iron addition of solid lubricant increases the wear rate and minimum wear rate is obtained in case of oil lubricated environment. The cast iron experienced higher frictional heating than the matrix alloy and composite in all the cases especially at higher load condition. As far as friction coefficient is concerned, a mixed trend of behaviour was noted. The wear rate and frictional heating increased with load while friction coefficient was affected in an opposite manner. Test duration influenced the frictional heating and friction coefficient of the samples in a mixed manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20lubricant" title="solid lubricant">solid lubricant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20wear" title=" sliding wear"> sliding wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20cast%20iron" title=" grey cast iron"> grey cast iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20based%20metal%20matrix%20composites" title=" zinc based metal matrix composites"> zinc based metal matrix composites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50160/effects-of-test-environment-on-the-sliding-wear-behaviour-of-cast-iron-zinc-aluminium-alloy-and-its-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2986</span> Design of Speed Bump Recognition System Integrated with Adjustable Shock Absorber Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Yen%20Chang">Ming-Yen Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheng-Hung%20Ke"> Sheng-Hung Ke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research focuses on the development of a speed bump identification system for real-time control of adjustable shock absorbers in vehicular suspension systems. The study initially involved the collection of images of various speed bumps, and rubber speed bump profiles found on roadways. These images were utilized for training and recognition purposes through the deep learning object detection algorithm YOLOv5. Subsequently, the trained speed bump identification program was integrated with an in-vehicle camera system for live image capture during driving. These images were instantly transmitted to a computer for processing. Using the principles of monocular vision ranging, the distance between the vehicle and an approaching speed bump was determined. The appropriate control distance was established through both practical vehicle measurements and theoretical calculations. Collaboratively, with the electronically adjustable shock absorbers equipped in the vehicle, a shock absorber control system was devised to dynamically adapt the damping force just prior to encountering a speed bump. This system effectively mitigates passenger discomfort and enhances ride quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjustable%20shock%20absorbers" title="adjustable shock absorbers">adjustable shock absorbers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20recognition" title=" image recognition"> image recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monocular%20vision%20ranging" title=" monocular vision ranging"> monocular vision ranging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ride" title=" ride"> ride</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175109/design-of-speed-bump-recognition-system-integrated-with-adjustable-shock-absorber-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175109.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2985</span> Comparative Analysis of Control Techniques Based Sliding Mode for Transient Stability Assessment for Synchronous Multicellular Converter </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rihab%20Hamdi">Rihab Hamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amel%20Hadri%20Hamida"> Amel Hadri Hamida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatiha%20Khelili"> Fatiha Khelili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakina%20Zerouali"> Sakina Zerouali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouafae%20Bennis"> Ouafae Bennis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper features a comparative study performance of sliding mode controller (SMC) for closed-loop voltage control of direct current to direct current (DC-DC) three-cells buck converter connected in parallel, operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM), based on pulse-width modulation (PWM) with SMC based on hysteresis modulation (HM) where an adaptive feedforward technique is adopted. On one hand, for the PWM-based SM, the approach is to incorporate a fixed-frequency PWM scheme which is eﬀectively a variant of SM control. On the other hand, for the HM-based SM, oncoming an adaptive feedforward control that makes the hysteresis band variable in the hysteresis modulator of the SM controller in the aim to restrict the switching frequency variation in the case of any change of the line input voltage or output load variation are introduced. The results obtained under load change, input change and reference change clearly demonstrates a similar dynamic response of both proposed techniques, their eﬀectiveness is fast and smooth tracking of the desired output voltage. The PWM-based SM technique has greatly improved the dynamic behavior with a bit advantageous compared to the HM-based SM technique, as well as provide stability in any operating conditions. Simulation studies in MATLAB/Simulink environment have been performed to verify the concept. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC-DC%20converter" title="DC-DC converter">DC-DC converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hysteresis%20modulation" title=" hysteresis modulation"> hysteresis modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20multi-cells%20converter" title=" parallel multi-cells converter"> parallel multi-cells converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse-width%20modulation" title=" pulse-width modulation"> pulse-width modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode%20control" title=" sliding mode control"> sliding mode control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116357/comparative-analysis-of-control-techniques-based-sliding-mode-for-transient-stability-assessment-for-synchronous-multicellular-converter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116357.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2984</span> Improving Lubrication Efficiency at High Sliding Speeds by Plasma Surface Texturing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Zha">Wei Zha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingzeng%20Zhang"> Jingzeng Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen%20Zhao"> Chen Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ran%20Cai"> Ran Cai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xueyuan%20Nie"> Xueyuan Nie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cathodic plasma electrolysis (CPE) is used to create surface textures on cast iron samples for improving the tribological properties. Micro craters with confined size distribution were successfully formed by CPE process. These craters can generate extra hydrodynamic pressure that separates two sliding surfaces, increase the oil film thickness and accelerate the transition from boundary to mixed lubrication. It was found that the optimal crater size was 1.7 μm, at which the maximum lubrication efficiency was achieved. The Taguchi method was used to optimize the process parameters (voltage and roughness) for CPE surface texturing. The orthogonal array and the signal-to-noise ratio were employed to study the effect of each process parameter on the coefficient of friction. The results showed that with higher voltage and lower roughness, the lower friction coefficient can be obtained, and thus the lubrication can be more efficiently used for friction reduction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathodic%20plasma%20electrolysis" title="cathodic plasma electrolysis">cathodic plasma electrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction" title=" friction"> friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lubrication" title=" lubrication"> lubrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20surface%20texturing" title=" plasma surface texturing"> plasma surface texturing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115142/improving-lubrication-efficiency-at-high-sliding-speeds-by-plasma-surface-texturing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2983</span> Effective Medium Approximations for Modeling Ellipsometric Responses from Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP) Tribofilms Formed on Sliding Surfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Miranda-Medina">Maria Miranda-Medina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Salopek"> Sara Salopek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andras%20Vernes"> Andras Vernes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Jech"> Martin Jech</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sliding lubricated surfaces induce the formation of tribofilms that reduce friction, wear and prevent large-scale damage of contact parts. Engine oils and lubricants use antiwear and antioxidant additives such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) from where protective tribofilms are formed by degradation. The ZDDP tribofilms are described as a two-layer structure composed of inorganic polymer material. On the top surface, the long chain polyphosphate is a zinc phosphate and in the bulk, the short chain polyphosphate is a mixed Fe/Zn phosphate with a gradient concentration. The polyphosphate chains are partially adherent to steel surface through a sulfide and work as anti-wear pads. In this contribution, ZDDP tribofilms formed on gray cast iron surfaces are studied. The tribofilms were generated in a reciprocating sliding tribometer with a piston ring-cylinder liner configuration. Fully formulated oil of SAE grade 5W-30 was used as lubricant during two tests at 40Hz and 50Hz. For the estimation of the tribofilm thicknesses, spectroscopic ellipsometry was used due to its high accuracy and non-destructive nature. Ellipsometry works under an optical principle where the change in polarisation of light reflected by the surface, is associated with the refractive index of the surface material or to the thickness of the layer deposited on top. Ellipsometrical responses derived from tribofilms are modelled by effective medium approximation (EMA), which includes the refractive index of involved materials, homogeneity of the film and thickness. The materials composition was obtained from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies, where the presence of ZDDP, O and C was confirmed. From EMA models it was concluded that tribofilms formed at 40 Hz are thicker and more homogeneous than the ones formed at 50 Hz. In addition, the refractive index of each material is mixed to derive an effective refractive index that describes the optical composition of the tribofilm and exhibits a maximum response in the UV range, being a characteristic of glassy semitransparent films. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20medium%20approximation" title="effective medium approximation">effective medium approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reciprocating%20sliding%20tribometer" title=" reciprocating sliding tribometer"> reciprocating sliding tribometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectroscopic%20ellipsometry" title=" spectroscopic ellipsometry"> spectroscopic ellipsometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20dialkyldithiophosphate" title=" zinc dialkyldithiophosphate"> zinc dialkyldithiophosphate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55123/effective-medium-approximations-for-modeling-ellipsometric-responses-from-zinc-dialkyldithiophosphates-zddp-tribofilms-formed-on-sliding-surfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2982</span> [Keynote Talk]: Aerodynamic Effects of Ice and Its Influences on Flight Characteristics of Low Speed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20McAndrew">I. McAndrew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20L.%20Witcher"> K. L. Witcher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Navarro"> E. Navarro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the theory and application of low speed flight for unmanned aerial vehicles when subjected to surface environmental conditions such as ice on the leading edge and upper surface. A model was developed and tested in a wind tunnel to see how theory compares with practice at various speed including take-off, landing and operational applications where head winds substantially alter parameters. Furthermore, a comparison is drawn with maned operations and how that this subject is currently under supported with accurate theory or knowledge for designers or operators to make informed decision or accommodate individual applications. The effects of ice formation for lift and drag are determined for a range of different angles of attacks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20speed%20flight" title=" low speed flight"> low speed flight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmanned%20vehicles" title=" unmanned vehicles"> unmanned vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20influences" title=" environmental influences"> environmental influences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39283/keynote-talk-aerodynamic-effects-of-ice-and-its-influences-on-flight-characteristics-of-low-speed-unmanned-aerial-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2981</span> Control Methods Used to Minimize Losses in High-Speed Electrical Machines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hedar">Mohammad Hedar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents selected topics from the area of high-speed electrical machine control with a focus on loss minimization. It focuses on pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) set-up in order to minimize the inrush current peak. An overview of these machines and the control topologies that have been used with these machines are reported. The critical problem that happens when controlling a high-speed electrical motor is the high current peak in the start-up process, which will cause high power-losses. The main goal of this paper is to clarify how the inrush current peak can be minimized in the start-up process. PAM control method is proposed to use in the frequency inverter, simulation results for PAM & PWM control method, and steps to improve the PAM control are reported. The simulations were performed with data for PMSM (nominal speed: 25 000 min-1, power: 3.1 kW, load: 1.2 Nm). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20topology" title="control topology">control topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20inverter" title=" frequency inverter"> frequency inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-speed%20electrical%20machines" title=" high-speed electrical machines"> high-speed electrical machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PAM" title=" PAM"> PAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20losses" title=" power losses"> power losses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWM" title=" PWM"> PWM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131889/control-methods-used-to-minimize-losses-in-high-speed-electrical-machines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2980</span> Experimental Study of the Fan Electric Drive Based on a Two-Speed Motor in Dynamic Modes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makhsud%20Bobojanov">Makhsud Bobojanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dauletbek%20Rismukhamedov"> Dauletbek Rismukhamedov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Furkat%20Tuychiev"> Furkat Tuychiev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khusniddin%20Shamsutdionov"> Khusniddin Shamsutdionov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article presents the results of experimental study of a two-speed asynchronous motor 4A80B6/4U3 with pole-changing winding on a fan drive VSUN 160x74-0.55-4 in static and dynamic modes. A prototype of a pole-changing Motor was made based on the results of the calculation and the performance and mechanical characteristics of the Motor were removed at the experimental stand, as well as useful capacities and other parameters from both poles were determined. In dynamic mode, the curves of changes of torque and current of the stator were removed by direct start, constant speed operation, by switching of speeds and stopping. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20speed%20motor" title="two speed motor">two speed motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pole-changing%20motor" title=" pole-changing motor"> pole-changing motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20drive%20of%20fan" title=" electric drive of fan"> electric drive of fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20modes" title=" dynamic modes"> dynamic modes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154219/experimental-study-of-the-fan-electric-drive-based-on-a-two-speed-motor-in-dynamic-modes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2979</span> Design of 100 kW Induction Generator for Wind Power Plant at Tamanjaya Village-Sukabumi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andri%20Setiyoso">Andri Setiyoso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agus%20Purwadi"> Agus Purwadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nanda%20Avianto%20Wicaksono"> Nanda Avianto Wicaksono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper present about induction generator design for 100kW power output capacity. Induction machine had been chosen because of the capability for energy conversion from electric energy to mechanical energy and vise-versa with operation on variable speed condition. Stator Controlled Induction Generator (SCIG) was applied as wind power plant in Desa Taman Jaya, Sukabumi, Indonesia. Generator was designed to generate power 100 kW with wind speed at 12 m/s and survival condition at speed 21 m/s. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy" title="wind energy">wind energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20generator" title=" induction generator"> induction generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stator%20Controlled%20Induction%20Generator%20%28SCIG%29" title=" Stator Controlled Induction Generator (SCIG)"> Stator Controlled Induction Generator (SCIG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20speed%20generator" title=" variable speed generator"> variable speed generator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21929/design-of-100-kw-induction-generator-for-wind-power-plant-at-tamanjaya-village-sukabumi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2978</span> Monitor Vehicle Speed Using Internet of Things Based Wireless Sensor Network System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akber%20Oumer%20Abdurezak">Akber Oumer Abdurezak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road traffic accident is a major problem in Ethiopia, resulting in the deaths of many people and potential injuries and crash every year and loss of properties. According to the Federal Transport Authority, one of the main causes of traffic accident and crash in Ethiopia is over speeding. Implementation of different technologies is used to monitor the speed of vehicles in order to minimize accidents and crashes. This research aimed at designing a speed monitoring system to monitor the speed of travelling vehicles and movements, reporting illegal speeds or overspeeding vehicles to the concerned bodies. The implementation of the system is through a wireless sensor network. The proposed system can sense and detect the movement of vehicles, process, and analysis the data obtained from the sensor and the cloud system. The data is sent to the central controlling server. The system contains accelerometer and gyroscope sensors to sense and collect the data of the vehicle. Arduino to process the data and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) module for communication purposes to send the data to the concerned body. When the speed of the vehicle exceeds the allowable speed limit, the system sends a message to database as “over speeding”. Both accelerometer and gyroscope sensors are used to collect acceleration data. The acceleration data then convert to speed, and the corresponding speed is checked with the speed limit, and those above the speed limit are reported to the concerned authorities to avoid frequent accidents. The proposed system decreases the occurrence of accidents and crashes due to overspeeding and can be used as an eye opener for the implementation of other intelligent transport system technologies. This system can also integrate with other technologies like GPS and Google Maps to obtain better output. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerometer" title="accelerometer">accelerometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IOT" title=" IOT"> IOT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM" title=" GSM"> GSM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gyroscope" title=" gyroscope"> gyroscope</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163129/monitor-vehicle-speed-using-internet-of-things-based-wireless-sensor-network-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2977</span> Design and Simulation of Variable Air Volume Air Conditioning System Based on Improved Sliding Mode Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Anser">Abbas Anser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Irfan"> Ahmad Irfan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of the VAV (Variable Air Volume) in Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system is to reduce energy consumption and make the buildings comfortable for the occupants. For better performance of the air conditioning system, different control techniques have been developed. In this paper, an Improved Sliding Mode Control (ISMC), based on Power Rate Exponential Reaching Law (PRERL), has been implemented on a VAV air conditioning system. Through the proposed technique, fast response and robustness have been achieved. To verify the efficacy of ISMC, a comparison of the suggested control technique has been made with Exponential Reaching Law (ERL) based SMC. And secondly, chattering, which is unfavorable as it deteriorates the mechanical parts of the air conditioning system by the continuous movement of the mechanical parts and consequently it increases the energy loss in the air conditioning system, has been alleviated. MATLAB/SIMULINK results show the effectiveness of the utilized scheme, which ensures the enhancement of the energy efficiency of the VAV air conditioning system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID" title="PID">PID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMC" title=" SMC"> SMC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HVAC" title=" HVAC"> HVAC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PRERL" title=" PRERL"> PRERL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedback%20linearization" title=" feedback linearization"> feedback linearization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VAV" title=" VAV"> VAV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chattering" title=" chattering "> chattering </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126770/design-and-simulation-of-variable-air-volume-air-conditioning-system-based-on-improved-sliding-mode-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2976</span> Effect of the Mould Rotational Speed on the Quality of Centrifugal Castings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20El-Sayed">M. A. El-Sayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Aziz"> S. A. Aziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Centrifugal casting is a standard casting technique for the manufacture of hollow, intricate and sound castings without the use of cores. The molten metal or alloy poured into the rotating mold forms a hollow casting as the centrifugal forces lift the liquid along the mold inner surface. The rotational speed of the die was suggested to greatly affect the manner in which the molten metal flows within the mould and consequently the probability of the formation of a uniform cylinder. In this work the flow of the liquid metal at various speeds and its effect during casting were studied. The results suggested that there was a critical range for the speed, within which the produced castings exhibited best uniformity and maximum mechanical properties. When a mould was rotated at speeds below or beyond the critical range defects were found in the final castings, which affected the uniformity and significantly lowered the mechanical properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centrifugal%20casting" title="centrifugal casting">centrifugal casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotational%20speed" title=" rotational speed"> rotational speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20speed%20range" title=" critical speed range"> critical speed range</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6659/effect-of-the-mould-rotational-speed-on-the-quality-of-centrifugal-castings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2975</span> A Smart Electric Power Wheelchair Controlled by Head Motion </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dechrit%20Maneetham">Dechrit Maneetham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper was to design a smart electric power wheelchair (SEPW) with a novel control system for quadriplegics with head and neck mobility. Head movement has been used as a control interface for people with motor impairments in a range of applications. Acquiring measurements from the module is simplified through a synchronous a motor. Axis measures the two directions namely X ,Y and Z. The model of a DC motor is considered as a speed control by selection of a PID parameters using genetic algorithm. An experimental set-up constructed, which consists of micro controller Arduino ATmega32u4 as controllers, a DC motor driven SEPW and feedback elements. And this paper is tuning methods of parameter for a pulse width modulation (PWM) control system. A speed controller has been designed successfully for closed loop of the DC motor so that the motor runs very closed to the reference speed and angle. SEPW controller can be used to ensure the person’s head is attending the direction of travel asserted by a conventional, direction and speed control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheelchair" title="wheelchair">wheelchair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadriplegia" title=" quadriplegia"> quadriplegia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20devices" title=" medical devices"> medical devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed%20control" title=" speed control"> speed control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2267/a-smart-electric-power-wheelchair-controlled-by-head-motion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2974</span> Advanced Techniques in Robotic Mitral Valve Repair</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abraham%20J.%20Rizkalla">Abraham J. Rizkalla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tristan%20D.%20Yan"> Tristan D. Yan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Durable mitral valve repair is preferred to a replacement, avoiding the need for anticoagulation or re-intervention, with a reduced risk of endocarditis. Robotic mitral repair has been gaining favour globally as a safe, effective, and reproducible method of minimally invasive valve repair. In this work, we showcase the use of the Davinci© Xi robotic platform to perform several advanced techniques, working synergistically to achieve successful mitral repair in advanced mitral disease. Techniques: We present the case of a Barlow type mitral valve disease with a tall and redundant posterior leaflet resulting in severe mitral regurgitation and systolic anterior motion. Firstly, quadrangular resection of P2 is performed to remove the excess and redundant leaflet. Secondly, a sliding leaflet plasty of P1 and P3 is used to reconstruct the posterior leaflet. To anchor the newly formed posterior leaflet to the papillary muscle, CV-4 Goretex neochordae are fashioned using the innovative string, ruler, and bulldog technique. Finally, mitral valve annuloplasty and closure of a patent foramen ovale complete the repair. Results: There was no significant residual mitral regurgitation and complete resolution of the systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve on post operative transoesophageal echocardiography. Conclusion: This work highlights the robotic approach to complex repair techniques for advanced mitral valve disease. Familiarity with resection and sliding plasty, neochord implantation, and annuloplasty allows the modern cardiac surgeon to achieve a minimally-invasive and durable mitral valve repair when faced with complex mitral valve pathology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotic%20mitral%20valve%20repair" title="robotic mitral valve repair">robotic mitral valve repair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barlow%27s%20valve" title=" Barlow's valve"> Barlow's valve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20plasty" title=" sliding plasty"> sliding plasty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neochord" title=" neochord"> neochord</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annuloplasty" title=" annuloplasty"> annuloplasty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadrangular%20resection" title=" quadrangular resection"> quadrangular resection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161021/advanced-techniques-in-robotic-mitral-valve-repair" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2973</span> Seismic Response Control of Multi-Span Bridge Using Magnetorheological Dampers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Neethu">B. Neethu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diptesh%20Das"> Diptesh Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study investigates the performance of a semi-active controller using magneto-rheological dampers (MR) for seismic response reduction of a multi-span bridge. The application of structural control to the structures during earthquake excitation involves numerous challenges such as proper formulation and selection of the control strategy, mathematical modeling of the system, uncertainty in system parameters and noisy measurements. These problems, however, need to be tackled in order to design and develop controllers which will efficiently perform in such complex systems. A control algorithm, which can accommodate un-certainty and imprecision compared to all the other algorithms mentioned so far, due to its inherent robustness and ability to cope with the parameter uncertainties and imprecisions, is the sliding mode algorithm. A sliding mode control algorithm is adopted in the present study due to its inherent stability and distinguished robustness to system parameter variation and external disturbances. In general a semi-active control scheme using an MR damper requires two nested controllers: (i) an overall system controller, which derives the control force required to be applied to the structure and (ii) an MR damper voltage controller which determines the voltage required to be supplied to the damper in order to generate the desired control force. In the present study a sliding mode algorithm is used to determine the desired optimal force. The function of the voltage controller is to command the damper to produce the desired force. The clipped optimal algorithm is used to find the command voltage supplied to the MR damper which is regulated by a semi active control law based on sliding mode algorithm. The main objective of the study is to propose a robust semi active control which can effectively control the responses of the bridge under real earthquake ground motions. Lumped mass model of the bridge is developed and time history analysis is carried out by solving the governing equations of motion in the state space form. The effectiveness of MR dampers is studied by analytical simulations by subjecting the bridge to real earthquake records. In this regard, it may also be noted that the performance of controllers depends, to a great extent, on the characteristics of the input ground motions. Therefore, in order to study the robustness of the controller in the present study, the performance of the controllers have been investigated for fourteen different earthquake ground motion records. The earthquakes are chosen in such a way that all possible characteristic variations can be accommodated. Out of these fourteen earthquakes, seven are near-field and seven are far-field. Also, these earthquakes are divided into different frequency contents, viz, low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency earthquakes. The responses of the controlled bridge are compared with the responses of the corresponding uncontrolled bridge (i.e., the bridge without any control devices). The results of the numerical study show that the sliding mode based semi-active control strategy can substantially reduce the seismic responses of the bridge showing a stable and robust performance for all the earthquakes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge" title="bridge">bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi%20active%20control" title=" semi active control"> semi active control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode%20control" title=" sliding mode control"> sliding mode control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MR%20damper" title=" MR damper"> MR damper</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78328/seismic-response-control-of-multi-span-bridge-using-magnetorheological-dampers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2972</span> A Novel Stator Resistance Estimation Method and Control Design of Speed-Sensorless Induction Motor Drives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ben%20Si%20Ali">N. Ben Si Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Benalia"> N. Benalia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Zarzouri"> N. Zarzouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Speed sensorless systems are intensively studied during recent years; this is mainly due to their economical benefit and fragility of mechanical sensors and also the difficulty of installing this type of sensor in many applications. These systems suffer from instability problems and sensitivity to parameter mismatch at low speed operation. In this paper an analysis of adaptive observer stability with stator resistance estimation is given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20drive" title="motor drive">motor drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensorless%20control" title=" sensorless control"> sensorless control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20observer" title=" adaptive observer"> adaptive observer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stator%20resistance%20estimation" title=" stator resistance estimation"> stator resistance estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7961/a-novel-stator-resistance-estimation-method-and-control-design-of-speed-sensorless-induction-motor-drives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2971</span> An Auxiliary Technique for Coronary Heart Disease Prediction by Analyzing Electrocardiogram Based on ResNet and Bi-Long Short-Term Memory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Zhang">Yang Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20He"> Jian He</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world, and coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the major heart diseases. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used in the detection of heart diseases, but the traditional manual method for CHD prediction by analyzing ECG requires lots of professional knowledge for doctors. This paper introduces sliding window and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to transform ECG signals into images, and then ResNet and Bi-LSTM are introduced to build the ECG feature extraction network (namely ECGNet). At last, an auxiliary system for coronary heart disease prediction was developed based on modified ResNet18 and Bi-LSTM, and the public ECG dataset of CHD from MIMIC-3 was used to train and test the system. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the method is 83%, and the F1-score is 83%. Compared with the available methods for CHD prediction based on ECG, such as kNN, decision tree, VGGNet, etc., this method not only improves the prediction accuracy but also could avoid the degradation phenomenon of the deep learning network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bi-LSTM" title="Bi-LSTM">Bi-LSTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CHD" title=" CHD"> CHD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECG" title=" ECG"> ECG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ResNet" title=" ResNet"> ResNet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%C2%A0window" title=" sliding window"> sliding window</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165165/an-auxiliary-technique-for-coronary-heart-disease-prediction-by-analyzing-electrocardiogram-based-on-resnet-and-bi-long-short-term-memory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2970</span> Wind Velocity Climate Zonation Based on Observation Data in Indonesia Using Cluster and Principal Component Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I%20Dewa%20Gede%20Arya%20Putra">I Dewa Gede Arya Putra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a mathematical procedure that uses orthogonal transformation techniques to change a set of data with components that may be related become components that are not related to each other. This can have an impact on clustering wind speed characteristics in Indonesia. This study uses data daily wind speed observations of the Site Meteorological Station network for 30 years. Multicollinearity tests were also performed on all of these data before doing clustering with PCA. The results show that the four main components have a total diversity of above 80% which will be used for clusters. Division of clusters using Ward's method obtained 3 types of clusters. Cluster 1 covers the central part of Sumatra Island, northern Kalimantan, northern Sulawesi, and northern Maluku with the climatological pattern of wind speed that does not have an annual cycle and a weak speed throughout the year with a low-speed ranging from 0 to 1,5 m/s². Cluster 2 covers the northern part of Sumatra Island, South Sulawesi, Bali, northern Papua with the climatological pattern conditions of wind speed that have annual cycle variations with low speeds ranging from 1 to 3 m/s². Cluster 3 covers the eastern part of Java Island, the Southeast Nusa Islands, and the southern Maluku Islands with the climatological pattern of wind speed conditions that have annual cycle variations with high speeds ranging from 1 to 4.5 m/s². <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCA" title="PCA">PCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster" title=" cluster"> cluster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ward%27s%20method" title=" Ward's method"> Ward's method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20speed" title=" wind speed"> wind speed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132942/wind-velocity-climate-zonation-based-on-observation-data-in-indonesia-using-cluster-and-principal-component-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2969</span> Parameter Fitting of the Discrete Element Method When Modeling the DISAMATIC Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Hovad">E. Hovad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20Walther"> J. H. Walther</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Larsen"> P. Larsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Thorborg"> J. Thorborg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20Hattel"> J. H. Hattel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In sand casting of metal parts for the automotive industry such as brake disks and engine blocks, the molten metal is poured into a sand mold to get its final shape. The DISAMATIC molding process is a way to construct these sand molds for casting of steel parts and in the present work numerical simulations of this process are presented. During the process green sand is blown into a chamber and subsequently squeezed to finally obtain the sand mould. The sand flow is modelled with the Discrete Element method (DEM) and obtaining the correct material parameters for the simulation is the main goal. Different tests will be used to find or calibrate the DEM parameters needed; Poisson ratio, Young modulus, rolling friction coefficient, sliding friction coefficient and coefficient of restitution (COR). The Young modulus and Poisson ratio are found from compression tests of the bulk material and subsequently used in the DEM model according to the Hertz-Mindlin model. The main focus will be on calibrating the rolling resistance and sliding friction in the DEM model with respect to the behavior of “real” sand piles. More specifically, the surface profile of the “real” sand pile will be compared to the sand pile predicted with the DEM for different values of the rolling and sliding friction coefficients. When the DEM parameters are found for the particle-particle (sand-sand) interaction, the particle-wall interaction parameter values are also found. Here the sliding coefficient will be found from experiments and the rolling resistance is investigated by comparing with observations of how the green sand interacts with the chamber wall during experiments and the DEM simulations will be calibrated accordingly. The coefficient of restitution will be tested with different values in the DEM simulations and compared to video footages of the DISAMATIC process. Energy dissipation will be investigated in these simulations for different particle sizes and coefficient of restitution, where scaling laws will be considered to relate the energy dissipation for these parameters. Finally, the found parameter values are used in the overall discrete element model and compared to the video footage of the DISAMATIC process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20element%20method" title="discrete element method">discrete element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20properties%20of%20materials" title=" physical properties of materials"> physical properties of materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calibration" title=" calibration"> calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=granular%20flow" title=" granular flow"> granular flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23382/parameter-fitting-of-the-discrete-element-method-when-modeling-the-disamatic-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23382.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2968</span> Pavement Roughness Prediction Systems: A Bump Integrator Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manish%20Pal">Manish Pal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rumi%20Sutradhar"> Rumi Sutradhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pavement surface unevenness plays a pivotal role on roughness index of road which affects on riding comfort ability. Comfort ability refers to the degree of protection offered to vehicle occupants from uneven elements in the road surface. So, it is preferable to have a lower roughness index value for a better riding quality of road users. Roughness is generally defined as an expression of irregularities in the pavement surface which can be measured using different equipment like MERLIN, Bump integrator, Profilometer etc. Among them Bump Integrator is quite simple and less time consuming in case of long road sections. A case study is conducted on low volume roads in West District in Tripura to determine roughness index (RI) using Bump Integrator at the standard speed of 32 km/h. But it becomes too tough to maintain the requisite standard speed throughout the road section. The speed of Bump Integrator (BI) has to lower or higher in some distinctive situations. So, it becomes necessary to convert these roughness index values of other speeds to the standard speed of 32 km/h. This paper highlights on that roughness index conversional model. Using SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Sciences) software a generalized equation is derived among the RI value at standard speed of 32 km/h and RI value at other speed conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bump%20integrator" title="bump integrator">bump integrator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement%20distresses" title=" pavement distresses"> pavement distresses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness%20index" title=" roughness index"> roughness index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPSS" title=" SPSS"> SPSS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11000/pavement-roughness-prediction-systems-a-bump-integrator-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2967</span> Development of a Self-Retractable Front Spoilers Suitable for Indian Road Conditions to Reduce Aerodynamic Drag</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Sivaraj">G. Sivaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20Parammasivam"> K. M. Parammasivam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Veeramanikandan"> R. Veeramanikandan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nithish"> S. Nithish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reduction of ground clearance or (ride height) is a vital factor in minimizing aerodynamic drag force and improving vehicle performance. But in India, minimization of ground clearance is limited because of the road conditions. Due to this problem, reduction of aerodynamic drag and performance are not fully improved. In this view, this paper deals with the development of self-retractable front spoilers which are most suitable for Indian road conditions. These retractable spoilers are fitted in the front portion of the car and in speed below 60 km/hr these spoilers are in retracted positions. But, when the car crosses a speed above 60 km/hr, using electronic circuit the spoilers are activated. Thus, using this technique aerodynamic performance can be improved at a speed above 60 km/hr. Also, when the car speed is reduced below the 60 km/hr mark, the front spoiler are retracted which makes it as a normal car. This is because, in Indian roads, speed breakers are installed to cut off speed at particular places. Thus, in these circumstances there are chances of damaging front spoilers. Since, when the driver sees the speed breaker, he will automatically apply break to prevent damage, at this time using electronic circuit the front spoiler is retracted. However, accidentally when the driver fails to apply brakes there are chances for the front spoilers to get a hit. But as the front spoilers are made of Kevlar composite, it can withstand high impact loads and using a spring mechanism the spoilers are retracted immediately. By using CFD analysis and low-speed wind tunnel testing drag coefficient of the 1:10 scaled car model with and without self-retractable spoilers are calculated and validated. Also, using wind tunnel, proper working of self-retractable at car speed below and above 60 km/hr are validated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20drag" title="aerodynamic drag">aerodynamic drag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20analysis" title=" CFD analysis"> CFD analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kevlar%20composite" title=" kevlar composite"> kevlar composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-retractable%20spoilers" title=" self-retractable spoilers"> self-retractable spoilers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel" title=" wind tunnel"> wind tunnel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39491/development-of-a-self-retractable-front-spoilers-suitable-for-indian-road-conditions-to-reduce-aerodynamic-drag" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39491.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2966</span> Artificial Neural Network Speed Controller for Excited DC Motor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elabed%20Saud">Elabed Saud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces the new ability of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in estimating speed and controlling the separately excited DC motor. The neural control scheme consists of two parts. One is the neural estimator which is used to estimate the motor speed. The other is the neural controller which is used to generate a control signal for a converter. These two neutrals are training by Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation algorithm. ANNs are the standard three layers feed-forward neural network with sigmoid activation functions in the input and hidden layers and purelin in the output layer. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this neural and advantage of the control system DC motor with ANNs in comparison with the conventional scheme without ANNs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artificial%20Neural%20Network%20%28ANNs%29" title="Artificial Neural Network (ANNs)">Artificial Neural Network (ANNs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excited%20DC%20motor" title=" excited DC motor"> excited DC motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convenional%20controller" title=" convenional controller"> convenional controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed%20Controller" title=" speed Controller"> speed Controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21941/artificial-neural-network-speed-controller-for-excited-dc-motor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">726</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20speed&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20speed&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20speed&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20speed&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20speed&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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