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id="toc-Around_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_economic_model_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_economic_model_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Common economic model types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_economic_model_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_to_closed_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_to_closed_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Comparison to closed cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_to_closed_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Countries</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Countries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Countries subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Argentina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangladesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Bangladesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecuador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecuador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Ecuador</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecuador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.9</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.10</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lebanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.11</span> <span>Lebanon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lebanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.12</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mauritius" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mauritius"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.13</span> <span>Mauritius</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mauritius-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.14</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.15</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.16</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.17</span> <span>Peru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.18</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.19</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi_Arabia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_Arabia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.20</span> <span>Saudi Arabia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_Arabia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singapore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singapore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.21</span> <span>Singapore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singapore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.22</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thailand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thailand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.23</span> <span>Thailand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thailand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.24</span> <span>Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Arab_Emirates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.25</span> <span>United Arab Emirates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Arab_Emirates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.26</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.27</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uruguay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uruguay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.28</span> <span>Uruguay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uruguay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In popular media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_comics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_comics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>In comics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_comics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>In film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>In games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>In literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_songs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_songs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>In songs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_songs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>In television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gated community</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1" title="حي سكني مسور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حي سكني مسور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanizaci%C3%B3n" title="Urbanización – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Urbanización" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gated_community" title="Gated community – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gated community" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gated_community" title="Gated community – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gated community" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gated_Community" title="Gated Community – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gated Community" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarastatud_kogukond" title="Tarastatud kogukond – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tarastatud kogukond" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Περιφραγμένη κοινότητα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περιφραγμένη κοινότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanizaci%C3%B3n_cerrada" title="Urbanización cerrada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Urbanización cerrada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9sidence_ferm%C3%A9e" title="Résidence fermée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Résidence fermée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%B4%ED%8B%B0%EB%93%9C_%EC%BB%A4%EB%AE%A4%EB%8B%88%ED%8B%B0" title="게이티드 커뮤니티 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="게이티드 커뮤니티" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gated_community" title="Gated community – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gated community" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loka%C3%B0_hverfi" title="Lokað hverfi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lokað hverfi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gated_community" title="Gated community – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gated community" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lak%C3%B3park" title="Lakópark – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lakópark" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gated_community" title="Gated community – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gated community" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%82%B3%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8B%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3" title="ゲーテッドコミュニティ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲーテッドコミュニティ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inngjerdet_boligomr%C3%A5de" title="Inngjerdet boligområde – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Inngjerdet boligområde" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamkni%C4%99te_osiedle" title="Zamknięte osiedle – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zamknięte osiedle" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condom%C3%ADnio_fechado" title="Condomínio fechado – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Condomínio fechado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Охраняемый жилой комплекс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Охраняемый жилой комплекс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gated_community" title="Gated community – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gated community" 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href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80" title="గేటెడ్ కమ్యూనిటీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గేటెడ్ కమ్యూనిటీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%80%E7%A6%81%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80" title="門禁社區 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="門禁社區" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q75848#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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estate</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Residential community with controlled entrances and often a closed perimeter of walls/fences</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Closed_city" title="Closed city">Closed city</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paradisevillagegatedcommunity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Paradisevillagegatedcommunity.jpg/300px-Paradisevillagegatedcommunity.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Paradisevillagegatedcommunity.jpg/450px-Paradisevillagegatedcommunity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Paradisevillagegatedcommunity.jpg/600px-Paradisevillagegatedcommunity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>Entrance to the Paradise Village Grand Marina Villas, <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Vallarta" title="Nuevo Vallarta">Nuevo Vallarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nayarit" title="Nayarit">Nayarit</a>, Mexico</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>gated community</b> (or <b>walled community</b>) is a form of <a href="/wiki/Residential_community" title="Residential community">residential community</a> or <a href="/wiki/Housing_estate" title="Housing estate">housing estate</a> containing strictly controlled entrances for <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian" title="Pedestrian">pedestrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobiles</a>, and often characterized by a closed perimeter of walls and fences. Historically, cities have built defensive <a href="/wiki/City_walls" class="mw-redirect" title="City walls">city walls</a> and controlled gates to protect their inhabitants, and such fortifications have also separated <a href="/wiki/Quarter_(urban_subdivision)" title="Quarter (urban subdivision)">quarters</a> of some cities. Today, gated communities usually consist of small residential streets and include various shared amenities. For smaller communities, these amenities may include only a park or other <a href="/wiki/Common_area" title="Common area">common area</a>. For larger communities, it may be possible for residents to stay within the community for most daily activities. Gated communities are a type of <a href="/wiki/Common_interest_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Common interest development">common interest development</a>, but are distinct from <a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">intentional communities</a>. </p><p>For <a href="/wiki/Social_history" title="Social history">socio-historical</a> reasons, in the <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed world</a> they exist primarily in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Given that gated communities are spatially a type of <a href="/wiki/Enclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclave">enclave</a>, Setha M. Low, an anthropologist, has argued that they have a negative effect on the net <a href="/wiki/Social_capital" title="Social capital">social capital</a> of the broader <a href="/wiki/Community" title="Community">community</a> outside the gated community.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some gated communities, usually called "guard-gated communities", are staffed by private <a href="/wiki/Security_guard" title="Security guard">security guards</a> and are often home to high-value properties, and/or are set up as <a href="/wiki/Retirement_community" title="Retirement community">retirement villages</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saskatoon_gated_community.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saskatoon_gated_community.JPG/220px-Saskatoon_gated_community.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saskatoon_gated_community.JPG/330px-Saskatoon_gated_community.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saskatoon_gated_community.JPG/440px-Saskatoon_gated_community.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A guarded, gated community in <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a>, Saskatchewan, Canada</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gated_community_near_Ezeiza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gated_community_near_Ezeiza.jpg/220px-Gated_community_near_Ezeiza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gated_community_near_Ezeiza.jpg/330px-Gated_community_near_Ezeiza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gated_community_near_Ezeiza.jpg/440px-Gated_community_near_Ezeiza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>A gated community near <a href="/wiki/Ezeiza,_Buenos_Aires" title="Ezeiza, Buenos Aires">Ezeiza</a>, a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina</figcaption></figure> <p>Besides the services of <a href="/wiki/Gatekeeper" title="Gatekeeper">gatekeepers</a>, many gated communities provide other amenities. These may depend on a number of factors including geographical location, demographic composition, community structure, and community fees collected. When there are sub-associations that belong to master associations, the master association may provide many of the amenities. In general, the larger the association the more amenities that can be provided. </p><p>Amenities also depend on the type of housing. For example, single-family-home communities may not have a common-area swimming pool, since individual home-owners have the ability to construct their own private pools. A <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium (living space)">condominium</a>, on the other hand, may offer a community pool, since the individual units do not have the option of a private pool installation. </p><p>Typical amenities offered can include one or more: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_pool" title="Swimming pool">Swimming pools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling" title="Bowling">Bowling alleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis_court" title="Tennis court">Tennis courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_centre" title="Community centre">Community centres</a> or <a href="/wiki/Club_(organization)" title="Club (organization)">clubhouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_course" title="Golf course">Golf courses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina" title="Marina">Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">On-site dining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playground" title="Playground">Playgrounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical exercise">Exercise rooms</a> including <a href="/wiki/Exercise_equipment" title="Exercise equipment">workout machines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spa" title="Spa">Spa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coworking" title="Coworking">Coworking</a> spaces</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Around_the_world">Around the world</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Around the world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Security_spikes_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Security_spikes_1.jpg/220px-Security_spikes_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Security_spikes_1.jpg/330px-Security_spikes_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Security_spikes_1.jpg/440px-Security_spikes_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Protective spikes in "security-zone" communities</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gated_community_kinshasa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gated_community_kinshasa.jpg/220px-Gated_community_kinshasa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gated_community_kinshasa.jpg/330px-Gated_community_kinshasa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Gated_community_kinshasa.jpg/440px-Gated_community_kinshasa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>The inside of a gated community in Ngaliema, Kinshasa, DRC</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HK_Yuen_Long_%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97_Yuen_Lung_Street_%E5%85%83%E9%BE%8D%E8%A1%97_YOHO_Town_entrance_Private_space.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/HK_Yuen_Long_%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97_Yuen_Lung_Street_%E5%85%83%E9%BE%8D%E8%A1%97_YOHO_Town_entrance_Private_space.jpg/220px-HK_Yuen_Long_%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97_Yuen_Lung_Street_%E5%85%83%E9%BE%8D%E8%A1%97_YOHO_Town_entrance_Private_space.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/HK_Yuen_Long_%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97_Yuen_Lung_Street_%E5%85%83%E9%BE%8D%E8%A1%97_YOHO_Town_entrance_Private_space.jpg/330px-HK_Yuen_Long_%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97_Yuen_Lung_Street_%E5%85%83%E9%BE%8D%E8%A1%97_YOHO_Town_entrance_Private_space.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/HK_Yuen_Long_%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97_Yuen_Lung_Street_%E5%85%83%E9%BE%8D%E8%A1%97_YOHO_Town_entrance_Private_space.jpg/440px-HK_Yuen_Long_%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97_Yuen_Lung_Street_%E5%85%83%E9%BE%8D%E8%A1%97_YOHO_Town_entrance_Private_space.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A gated community in Hong Kong <a href="/wiki/YOHO_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="YOHO Town">YOHO Town</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, the most widespread form of gated community is called "<i><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">condomínio fechado</i></span></i>" (closed <a href="/wiki/Housing_estate" title="Housing estate">housing estate</a>) and is the object of desire of the upper classes. Such a place is a small town with its own infrastructure (reserve power supply, sanitation, and <a href="/wiki/Security_guard" title="Security guard">security guards</a>). The purpose of such a community is to protect its residents from exterior violence. The same philosophy is seen on closed buildings and most shopping centres (many of them can only be accessed from inside the parking lot or the garage). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, the most common form of a gated community is called privada, fraccionamiento, or condominio, in which privadas and fraccionamientos are mostly composed of individual, single-family houses grouped, these may vary on size and shape, sometimes, houses will be individually developed and built while in others (primarily in fraccionamientos) houses are of the same design and shape. In fraccionamientos, these houses may have access to amenities within the gated zone as well, such as parks, gyms, party rooms, pools and maintenance by the residential's administration. Condominios are commonly similar to fraccionamientos and privadas, but applied in a scheme of apartment buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, gated communities are located in big as well as small cities and are considered the standard of high quality living. <a href="/wiki/Defence_Housing_Authority" title="Defence Housing Authority">Defence Housing Authority</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Bahria_Town" title="Bahria Town">Bahria Town</a> are major private gated community developers and administrators and one of the largest in the world. The assets of <a href="/wiki/Bahria_Town" title="Bahria Town">Bahria Town</a> itself are worth $30 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most gated communities in Pakistan have public parks, schools, hospitals, shopping malls, gymnasiums, and country clubs.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, they are called "<i>barrios privados</i>" (literal translation "private neighbourhoods") or just "countries" (which comes from a shortening of the term "<a href="/wiki/Country_club" title="Country club">country club</a>") and are often seen as a symbol of wealth. However, gated communities enjoy dubious social prestige (many members of the middle and upper middle class regard gated community dwellers as <i>nouveaux riches</i> or snobs<sup id="cite_ref-Clarin_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clarin-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). While most gated communities have only houses, some bigger ones, such as <a href="/wiki/Nordelta" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordelta">Nordelta</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nordelta_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nordelta-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have their own hospital, school, shopping mall, and more. </p><p>In post-apartheid <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, gated communities have mushroomed in response to high levels of violent crime. They are commonly referred to as "complexes" but also broadly classified as "security villages" (large-scale privately developed areas) or "enclosed neighbourhoods".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the newest neighbourhoods being developed are almost entirely composed of security villages, some with malls and few other essential services (such as hospitals). In part, property developers have adopted this response to counter <a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">squatting</a>, which local residents fear due to associated crime, and which often results in a protracted eviction process. </p><p>They are popular in southern China and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, where most of the new apartment compounds have 24/7 guards on duty, and for some high-end residences, <a href="/wiki/Facial_recognition_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Facial recognition systems">facial recognition systems</a> to grant residents and <a href="/wiki/Domestic_workers" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic workers">domestic workers</a> entry into the compound. The most famous of which is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_Estates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford Estates (page does not exist)">Clifford Estates</a> in Guangzhou. </p><p>In Saudi Arabia, gated communities have existed since the discovery of oil, mainly to accommodate families from Europe or North America. After threat levels increased from the late 1990s on against foreigners in general and U.S. citizens in particular,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> gates became armed, sometimes heavily, and all vehicles are inspected. <a href="/wiki/Marksman" title="Marksman">Marksmen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_National_Guard" title="Saudi Arabian National Guard">Saudi Arabian National Guard</a> armored vehicles appeared in certain times, markedly after <a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_attacks_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of terrorist attacks in Saudi Arabia">recent terrorist attacks</a> in areas near-by, targeting people from European or North American countries. </p><p>Gated communities are rare in continental Europe and Japan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Retreat_at_Twin_Lakes_entrance.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Retreat_at_Twin_Lakes_entrance.jpeg/250px-Retreat_at_Twin_Lakes_entrance.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Retreat_at_Twin_Lakes_entrance.jpeg/375px-Retreat_at_Twin_Lakes_entrance.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Retreat_at_Twin_Lakes_entrance.jpeg/500px-Retreat_at_Twin_Lakes_entrance.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Retreat_at_Twin_Lakes" title="The Retreat at Twin Lakes">The Retreat at Twin Lakes</a> is the location of the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Killing of Trayvon Martin">killing of Trayvon Martin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Proponents of gated communities (and to a lesser degree, of <a href="/wiki/Cul-de-sac" class="mw-redirect" title="Cul-de-sac">cul-de-sacs</a>) maintain that the reduction or exclusion of people who would be only passing through, or more generally, of all non-local people, makes any "stranger" much more recognisable in the closed local environment, and thus reduces crime danger. However, some have argued that, since only a very small proportion of all non-local people passing through the area are potential criminals, increased traffic should increase rather than decrease safety by having more people around whose presence could deter criminal behaviour or who could provide assistance during an incident.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another criticism is that gated communities offer a false sense of security. Some studies indicate that safety in gated communities may be more illusion than reality and that gated communities in suburban areas of the United States have no less crime than similar non-gated neighbourhoods.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A commentary in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> specifically blames the gated communities for the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Killing of Trayvon Martin">shooting death of Trayvon Martin</a> as the columnist states that "gated communities churn a vicious cycle by attracting like-minded residents who seek shelter from outsiders and whose physical seclusion then worsens paranoid <a href="/wiki/Groupthink" title="Groupthink">groupthink</a> against outsiders."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a paper, Vanessa Watson includes gated communities within a class of "African urban fantasies": attempts to remake African cities in the vein of Dubai or Singapore. In Watson's analysis, this kind of urban planning prizes exclusionary and self-contained spaces that limit opportunities for interaction between different classes, while worsening marginalization of the urban poor.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study done by Breetzke, Landman & Cohn (2014) had investigated the effect of gated communities on individual's risk of burglary victimization in South Africa. Results shown that not only are gated communities not able to reduce burglary, but even facilitate criminal activities. For both the gated communities and the areas surrounding them, the densities of burglary were found to be four times higher than that of Tshwane. The crime rates did not decrease in areas that were far away from the gated communities. Also, the high risk of burglaries was found consistent in both daytime and night-time. As this research on the effect of gated communities in South Africa reflects a negative correlation between the use of gated communities and crime prevention, the effectiveness of gated communities is in doubt.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_economic_model_types">Common economic model types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Common economic model types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Life-style — <a href="/wiki/Country_club" title="Country club">country clubs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retirement_community" title="Retirement community">retirement developments</a>.</li> <li>Prestige — gates for status appeal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_security" title="Physical security">Physical security</a> communities — gates for crime and traffic.</li> <li>Purpose-designed communities — catering to foreigners (e.g. worker compounds in Mid-West Asia, built largely for the oil industry)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_to_closed_cities">Comparison to closed cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Comparison to closed cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gated_community" title="Special:EditPage/Gated community">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Closed_city" title="Closed city">closed cities</a> of Russia are different from the gated communities. </p> <ul><li>The guard duty in closed cities is free to residents (paid by taxes).</li> <li>The public transport in closed cities may go with transit checkpoints or checking passes/passports at technical stops and available to others outside the security area. Within a gated community in the best cases, the bus stop is opposite the checkpoint; a few offer free buses. Via gated communities buses go due to easement or good will.</li> <li>Fares and communal payment in closed cities are often equal (in all cases not greater) if it would be a common city. In gated communities service companies raise non legally fixed tariffs because it is difficult for those communities either to negotiate lower terms or knock out this service company (in most cases the result is no quorum).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Countries">Countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gated_community" title="Special:EditPage/Gated community">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A limited number of gated communities have long been established for foreigners in various countries of the world: </p> <ul><li>The worker compounds in the Middle East, built largely for the oil industry.</li> <li>The Arbor Oaks <a href="/wiki/Subdivision_(land)" title="Subdivision (land)">subdivision</a> in <a href="/wiki/El_Monte,_California" title="El Monte, California">El Monte, California</a>, which appears in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_Part_II" title="Back to the Future Part II">Back to the Future Part II</a></i> as "Hilldale", is now gated because of the fans coming to see it in person. Residents are sometimes angry at fans who come by the development.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentina">Argentina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Argentina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many gated communities in Argentina, especially in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Buenos_Aires" title="Greater Buenos Aires">Greater Buenos Aires</a>, in the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Pilar,_Buenos_Aires" title="Pilar, Buenos Aires">Pilar</a>, 60 km N of <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> city, and in other suburban areas, such as <a href="/wiki/Nordelta" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordelta">Nordelta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nordelta_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nordelta-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tortugas_Country_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tortugas Country Club (page does not exist)">Tortugas Country Club</a> was the first gated community developed in Argentina, dating from the 1930s/1940s, but most date from the 1990s, when liberal reforms were consolidated. </p><p>Since Buenos Aires has been traditionally regarded as a socially integrated city, gated communities have been the subject of research by sociologists. Gated communities are an important way through middle and upper-class people cope with insecurity in Greater Buenos Aires.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Mara Dicenta writes, "The story of Nordelta exposes how violent environments are enacted through whiteness and drives for elite distinction. Exemplified by Nordelta, MPCs generate profit by transforming rural into elite lands while rearticulating racial and spatial borders that make distinctions sharper, more guarded, and less porous—between centers and peripheries, grounded and flooded lands, or poachers and conservationists. MPCs originated in the U.S. and continue to circulate American imaginaries of race, segregation, and neoliberal commons worldwide. In this process, they are met with different forms of slow violence rooted in colonial and postcolonial national geographies. Furthermore, in seeking to capitalize on those racialized differences, global real estate corporations also circulate and help materialize homogenizing visions of racial formation."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although gated communities have been rare in Australia, since the 1980s, a few have been built. The most well-known are those at <a href="/wiki/Hope_Island,_Queensland" title="Hope Island, Queensland">Hope Island</a>, in particular <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_Cove" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctuary Cove">Sanctuary Cove</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland" title="Gold Coast, Queensland">Gold Coast</a> of <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>. Other similar projects are being built in the area. In <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>, the first such development is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanctuary_Lakes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanctuary Lakes (page does not exist)">Sanctuary Lakes</a>, in the local government area of <a href="/wiki/City_of_Wyndham" title="City of Wyndham">Wyndham</a>, about 16 km south west of <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>. In <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, there is <a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Links" class="mw-redirect" title="Macquarie Links">Macquarie Links</a> gated community<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as Southgate Estate gated community. Many Australian gated communities are built within private golf courses. </p><p>In the ACT, the only example is Uriarra Village, based around community horse paddocks and dwellings jointly managed through strata title.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bangladesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The trade association for real estate developers in <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/RAJUK_Bhaban" title="RAJUK Bhaban">RAJUK</a>, stated in 2021 that the capital city <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a> had approximately 25 gated communities. While RAJUK claimed that these communities adhered to the global standard of keeping 60% of the land in the gated community for open spaces and common use, the Bangladesh Institute of Planners disputed this claim, advocating for fewer gated communities in the city centres.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alphaville_Barueri_SP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alphaville_Barueri_SP.jpg/220px-Alphaville_Barueri_SP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alphaville_Barueri_SP.jpg/330px-Alphaville_Barueri_SP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Alphaville_Barueri_SP.jpg/440px-Alphaville_Barueri_SP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1932" data-file-height="1270" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alphaville,_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Alphaville, São Paulo">Alphaville</a>, a gated community in the suburbs of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, Brazil, which is also a <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">business center</a> of its city proper, <a href="/wiki/Barueri" title="Barueri">Barueri</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Brazil also has many gated communities, particularly in the metropolitan regions <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>. For example, one of São Paulo's suburbs, <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambor%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="pt:Tamboré">Tamboré</a>, has at least 6 such compounds known as Tamboré 1, 2, 3, and so on. Each consists of generously spaced detached houses with very little to separate front gardens. </p><p>One of the first large-scale gated community projects in <a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">São Paulo city region</a> was <a href="/wiki/Barueri" title="Barueri">Barueri</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Alphaville,_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Alphaville, São Paulo">Alphaville</a>, planned and constructed during the 1970s <a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazil_(1964%E2%80%931985)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Brazil (1964–1985)">military dictatorship</a> when the big cities of Brazil faced steep increases of <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_the_automobile_on_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Effects of the automobile on societies">car ownership</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the middle and higher-classes, <a href="/wiki/Rural_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural exodus">rural exodus</a>, poverty,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> crime, <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>, and downtown <a href="/wiki/Urban_decay" title="Urban decay">decay</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neighbourhoods with "physical" or explicit gating with security checkpoints and patrols are extremely rare, being absent in even some of Canada's richest neighbourhoods such as <a href="/wiki/Bridle_Path,_Toronto" title="Bridle Path, Toronto">Bridle Path, Toronto</a>. Furthermore, municipal planning laws in many Canadian provinces ban locked gates on public roads as a health issue since they deny emergency vehicles quick access. </p><p>A noted exception in Canada is <a href="/wiki/Arbutus_Ridge_Retirement_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbutus Ridge Retirement Community">Arbutus Ridge</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Age-restricted_community" title="Age-restricted community">age-restricted community</a> constructed between 1988 and 1992 on the southeastern coast of <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a>. </p><p>More common in most Canadian neighbourhoods, especially the largest cities, is an implicit or symbolic gating which effectively partitions the private infrastructure and amenities of these communities from their surrounding neighbourhoods. A classic example of this is the affluent <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> suburb of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal,_Quebec" title="Mount Royal, Quebec">Mount Royal</a>, which has a long fence running along its side of L'Acadie Boulevard that for all intents and purposes separates the community from the more working-class neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/Park_Extension" title="Park Extension">Park Extension</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, many newer suburban subdivisions employ decorative gates to give the impression of exclusivity and seclusion.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some gated communities have been planned in recent years in Greater Toronto, although they are infrequent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In China, some of these compounds, like most other gated communities around the world, target the rich. Also many foreigners live in gated communities in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>. Often foreign companies choose the locations where their foreign employees will live, and in most cases, they pay the rent and associated costs (e.g. management fees and garden work). </p><p>Similar communities exist in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, another major Chinese city. Shanghai Links, an exclusive expatriate community enclosing a golf course and the <a href="/wiki/Pudong" title="Pudong">Pudong</a> campus of <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_American_School" title="Shanghai American School">Shanghai American School</a>, is an example. The Shanghai Links project began in 1994 with the signing by the then Prime Minister of Canada, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Honourable Jean Chretien</a>, of a Memorandum of Agreement with the Shanghai Pudong New Area Government controlled company, Huaxia Tourism Development Company.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other notable gated communities in Shanghai include Seasons Villas, a development by <a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_Whampoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutchinson Whampoa">Hutchinson Whampoa</a>; Thomson Golf Villas, and Green Villas. </p><p>Other gated communities in China such as those in the <a href="/wiki/Daxing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Daxing District">Daxing District</a> of Beijing enclose the homes of rural migrants. These are intended to reduce crime and increase public order and safety, which the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>-run <i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i> claims it has, by 73%. The system is controversial as it segregates migrants and the poor, with some claiming its true purpose is to keep track of migrants, but it is scheduled for implementation in <a href="/wiki/Changping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changping District">Changping District</a> also.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecuador">Ecuador</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ecuador"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ecuador has many gated communities, mostly in <a href="/wiki/Guayaquil" title="Guayaquil">Guayaquil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a>. In the coastal city of Guayaquil, gated communities are mostly located in <a href="/wiki/Samborond%C3%B3n" title="Samborondón">Samborondón</a>, and in Quito in the valleys surrounding the city. These are home mostly for the wealthiest. However there is a trend -especially in Guayaquil- of houses in gated communities with moderate prices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egypt">Egypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the population boom and an increasing class segregation, gated communities have been more and more established in Egypt since the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Greater Cairo</a>, for example, is home to <a href="/wiki/El_Rehab" class="mw-redirect" title="El Rehab">El Rehab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dreamland_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreamland (Egypt)">Dreamland, Mountain View Egypt</a>. There is also <a href="/wiki/Maamoura_Beach,_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Maamoura Beach, Alexandria">El Maamoura</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>. They were criticized for being a <a href="/wiki/Niche_market" title="Niche market">niche market</a> that fails to address the crippling congestion problem in Cairo.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Indonesia, some gated communities are luxurious (with up to 740 square metres (8000 sq ft)), and some are very affordable (with lots ranging from 40 to 120 square metres). From 2000, most of the new residential areas built by private developers are mostly composed of gated communities. Examples include the residential areas of <a href="/wiki/Bumi_Serpong_Damai" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumi Serpong Damai">Bumi Serpong Damai</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Tangerang" title="South Tangerang">South Tangerang</a>, Tropicana Residence Community in <a href="/wiki/Tangerang_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangerang City">Tangerang City</a>, Telaga Golf Sawangan and Pesona Khayangan in <a href="/wiki/Depok" title="Depok">Depok</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sentul_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentul City">Sentul City</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bogor_Regency" title="Bogor Regency">Bogor Regency</a>. Gated communities in Indonesia still allow outsiders to use some of the facilities inside the community because there is a regulation that the social facilities in the residential development should be handed to the local government to be used by the public.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two examples of gated community in Italy are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olgiata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olgiata (page does not exist)">Olgiata</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and the village of <a href="/wiki/Roccamare" title="Roccamare">Roccamare</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Castiglione_della_Pescaia" title="Castiglione della Pescaia">Castiglione della Pescaia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lebanon">Lebanon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Lebanon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of the pollution, the lack of proper infrastructure, electrical power and green spaces in residential areas outside of <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, the high class society chooses to reside in gated communities for a better living environment. </p><p>Gated communities in Lebanon are mainly in the suburbs of the capital city <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Malaysia, these are known as Gated and Guarded Communities and have been seeing a steady increase in popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, according to the Town and Country Planning Department, there are four types of gated communities in Malaysia, namely: </p> <ol><li>Elite community: this type of gated community is primarily occupied by the upper-class or high-income group of people. It focuses on exclusion and status in which security is one of the major concerns due to the resident's status within the community.</li> <li>Lifestyle community: the lifestyle community generally consists of retirement communities, leisure communities and suburban 'new towns'. Activities inside these communities can include golf courses, horseback riding and residents-oriented leisure activities.</li> <li>Security zone community: the security zone community is the most popular type of gated community in which it offers a housing development that is surrounded by fences or gates. This development is normally provided with guard services.</li> <li>Security zone community and lifestyle: this type of gated community housing development is usually developed within a city centre. It focuses on both the security aspect and the provision of lifestyle facilities for its residents.</li></ol> <p>The gated community is a concept that emerged in response to the rise of safety and security issues, and offers more advantages in terms of a calm environment and enhanced safety that is ideal for family development.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mauritius">Mauritius</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Mauritius"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several gated communities now exist on the island of <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> since the government introduced Integrated Resort Schemes (IRS) and Real Estate Schemes (RES) in the mid-1990s. Recently they have been amalgamated into Property Development Schemes (PDS).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government also introduced Smart City permits and in 2016 it secured the assistance of Saudi Arabia to launch the government's version of a gated Smart City known as Heritage City Project which was proposed at Minissy, in the region of Ebène, with the assistance of Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gated communities in Mexico are a result of the huge income gap existing in the country. A 2008 study found that the average income in an urban area of Mexico was $26,654, a rate higher than advanced regions like Spain or Greece while the average income in rural areas (sometimes just a short distance away) was only $8,403.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This close a proximity of wealth and poverty has created a large security risk for Mexico's middle class. Gated communities can be found in virtually every medium and large-sized city in Mexico with the largest found in major cities, such as <a href="/wiki/Monterrey" title="Monterrey">Monterrey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> or <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a>. </p><p>Luxury or "status" gated communities are very popular with middle to high income residents in Mexico. Gated luxury communities in Mexico are considerably cheaper than in countries such as the United States while retaining houses of similar size and quality due to the commonness of the communities and the lower cost to build them and are priced lower to attract middle class residents. </p><p>Many gated communities in Mexico have fully independent and self-contained infrastructure, such as schools, water and power facilities, security and fire forces, and medical facilities. Some of the larger gated communities even retain their own school districts and police departments. The <a href="/wiki/Interlomas" title="Interlomas">Interlomas</a> area of Mexico City contains hundreds of gated communities and is the largest concentration of gated communities in the world, stretching over 140 square kilometres (54 sq mi). The surrounding areas of Santa Fe, Bosques-Lomas, Interlomas-Bosque Real, are also made up predominantly of gated communities and span over 30% of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City" title="Greater Mexico City">Greater Mexico City</a>. </p><p>Many smaller gated communities in Mexico are not officially classified as separate gated communities as many municipal rules prohibit closed off roads. Most of these small neighbourhoods cater to lower middle income residents and offer a close perimeter and check points similar to an "authentic" gated community. This situation is tolerated and sometimes even promoted by some city governments due to the lack of capacity to provide reliable and trusted security forces.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, gated communities have been developed in suburban areas of the main cities since the 1980s and 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahria_Town_Karachi_Grand_Mosque_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bahria_Town_Karachi_Grand_Mosque_2.jpg/220px-Bahria_Town_Karachi_Grand_Mosque_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bahria_Town_Karachi_Grand_Mosque_2.jpg/330px-Bahria_Town_Karachi_Grand_Mosque_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bahria_Town_Karachi_Grand_Mosque_2.jpg/440px-Bahria_Town_Karachi_Grand_Mosque_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3918" data-file-height="2940" /></a><figcaption>View of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Jamia_Mosque,_Karachi" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Jamia Mosque, Karachi">Grand Jamia Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bahria_Town_Karachi" title="Bahria Town Karachi">Bahria Town Karachi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Pakistan has a very large number of gated communities, most of which target <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle class</a> Pakistanis. The largest being <a href="/wiki/Bahria_Town" title="Bahria Town">Bahria Town</a>, which is also the largest in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and has communities in major cities.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Defence_Housing_Authority" title="Defence Housing Authority">Defence Housing Authority</a> is also a major developer of gated communities. </p><p>Others include <a href="/wiki/WAPDA_Town" title="WAPDA Town">WAPDA Town</a>, Gulberg, Islamabad and <a href="/wiki/Schon_Properties" class="mw-redirect" title="Schon Properties">Schon Properties</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Emaar_Properties" title="Emaar Properties">Emaar Properties</a> also maintains several gated communities in the country targeting primarily <a href="/wiki/Upper_class" title="Upper class">upper class</a> people. Gated communities in Pakistan are mostly immune from problems of law enforcement and lack of energy faced by the majority of the other housing societies. In a short time, the property prices in such communities have greatly increased – in 2007 a 20-square-meter house in <a href="/wiki/Bahria_Town" title="Bahria Town">Bahria Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> cost around four million Pakistani rupees ($40,000); a similar property in 2012 costed nine million rupees, while houses are priced around 100-300 million rupees. The Bahria Town of Karachi is currently constructing Rafi Cricket Stadium, when completed will be the largest stadium in the country<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Grand Jamia Mosque, when completed will be the largest in South Asia and third-largest in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peru">Peru</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Peru"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> has several gated communities, especially in the wealthy districts of <a href="/wiki/La_Molina_District" title="La Molina District">La Molina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Surco" title="Santiago de Surco">Santiago de Surco</a>. They are home to many prominent Peruvians. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lima_Luftaufnahme.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lima_Luftaufnahme.jpg/220px-Lima_Luftaufnahme.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lima_Luftaufnahme.jpg/330px-Lima_Luftaufnahme.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lima_Luftaufnahme.jpg/440px-Lima_Luftaufnahme.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2398" data-file-height="1083" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of the <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Surco" title="Santiago de Surco">Santiago de Surco</a> middle class gated community of Lima, Peru</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_Makati_(47663501762).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2019_Makati_%2847663501762%29.jpg/220px-2019_Makati_%2847663501762%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2019_Makati_%2847663501762%29.jpg/330px-2019_Makati_%2847663501762%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2019_Makati_%2847663501762%29.jpg/440px-2019_Makati_%2847663501762%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>View of executive gated community Bel-Air Village Phase II, Makati city, Philippines</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> has a large number of gated communities which are known in <a href="/wiki/Philippine_English" title="Philippine English">Philippine English</a> as "subdivisions" or "villages". Gated communities represent one of the main residency types for upper and middle class Filipinos up and down the country, along with condominiums.<sup id="cite_ref-middleclassph_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-middleclassph-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless of their names, such communities may either form part of a larger <a href="/wiki/Barangay" title="Barangay">barangay</a> (village), or constitute a single barangay in and of themselves. Gated communities are often grouped by the phase of build, or by project number, and homes within these communities are designated with a <a href="/wiki/Lot_and_block_survey_system" title="Lot and block survey system">lot and block number</a> on a street as opposed to conventional house numbers or building names. Gated communities are divided between two types: </p> <ol><li>Executive subdivisions/villages: Along with condominiums, these are the residential neighbourhoods of the wealthiest in Philippine society. Examples of these include <a href="/wiki/Bel-Air,_Makati" title="Bel-Air, Makati">Bel-Air</a>, Greenwoods Executive Villages, Magallanes village, <a href="/wiki/Dasmarinas_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasmarinas Village">Dasmarinas Village</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ayala_Alabang" title="Ayala Alabang">Ayala Alabang</a> village.</li> <li>Subdivisions/villages: Gated communities targeted to the Philippine middle classes. These may begin with a name and end with a number E.g. "Kalayaan Village 3", the 3 designating that it is the third subdivision project for the land development company under the "Kalayaan" homes project. Examples of subdivisions include <a href="/wiki/BF_Homes" class="mw-redirect" title="BF Homes">BF Homes</a>, Camella Homes, among a majority of wealthier suburban areas.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rublyovka" title="Rublyovka">Rublyovka</a></div> <p>Aerobus live complex<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <i>de facto</i> first gated community in Moscow. Business center is in this complex but outside the residential area. </p><p>Potapovo (known as New Moscow, but developed with North Butovo to RAS members) - known as fenced Kommunarka-Butovo road between 1994-2000 and Moscow had to build another road. Service company has bus license and guard wearing uniform is always in a bus (not usual even in strict restricted acsess). Later they opened trade center but neither allowed to cut the corner or use 2 entrances (from northbound). Fence lowers effectiveness of bus routes and direct or loop extension of line 12. This area set to order bus on demand but paxes ordered to walk outside. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Ozero" title="Ozero">Ozero</a></i> is a cooperative formed around <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dacha" title="Dacha">dacha</a> on <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_(%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C)" class="extiw" title="ru:Комсомольское (озеро, Ленинградская область)">Lake Komsomolskoe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>: <i lang="fi"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiimaj%C3%A4rvi_(Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4,_K%C3%A4kisalmi)" class="extiw" title="fi:Kiimajärvi (Venäjä, Käkisalmi)">Kiimajärvi</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Priozersky_District" title="Priozersky District">Priozersky District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast" title="Leningrad Oblast">Leningrad Oblast</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saudi_Arabia">Saudi Arabia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Saudi Arabia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, many expatriate workers are required to live in company-provided housing. After the <a href="/wiki/Riyadh_compound_bombings" title="Riyadh compound bombings">2003 attack on Al Hambra, Jadawel, Siyanco and Vinell</a> by militant Saudi dissidents,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the government established tight military security for those compounds with large western populations. Many western individuals also reside in the many other gated compounds or non-gated villas and apartments in the cities that they work. <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Aramco" title="Saudi Aramco">Saudi Aramco</a> provides a <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Aramco_Residential_Camp_in_Dhahran" title="Saudi Aramco Residential Camp in Dhahran">compound</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dhahran,_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhahran, Saudi Arabia">Dhahran</a> which is one of the largest of its kind within Saudi Arabia. Gated communities are also popular with many Saudis, which accounts for the limited availability of open villas in these communities and the premium rent paid for that housing. These compounds can be found in many of Saudi Arabia's cities, including but not limited to Abha, Dhahran, Riyadh, and Taif.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singapore">Singapore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Singapore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sentosa_Cove" title="Sentosa Cove">Sentosa Cove</a> is the only gated residential community in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, containing 350 bungalows on a 99-year leasehold term. It is the only landed housing that can be purchased by non-citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, as of 2021, the properties transact at a lower price to comparable areas on the mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>South Africa has an increasing number of <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_South_Africa#Gated_communities" title="Crime in South Africa">gated communities</a>, where the wealthy sometimes live in close proximity to the urban poor (yet with little contact between the two).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thailand">Thailand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Thailand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many housing estates in Thailand take the form of gated communities, targeted to the upper and middle classes. They may be managed by the development company or by resident committees. </p><p>Gated communities are often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Muban" title="Muban">mubans</a> in Thailand.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkey has several gated communities, especially in Istanbul and Ankara. Called "site" in Turkish, they are mostly located around the edge of the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Arab_Emirates">United Arab Emirates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: United Arab Emirates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United Arab Emirates, gated communities have exploded in popularity, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, where the 2002 decision to allow foreigners to own freehold properties has resulted in the construction of numerous such communities built along various themes. Examples include The Lakes, Springs, Meadows, and <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Ranches" title="Arabian Ranches">Arabian Ranches</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:Gated_communities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Gated communities in the United Kingdom">Gated communities in the United Kingdom</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eriswell_Road_Burwood_Park_Estate_(geograph_4098483).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Eriswell_Road_Burwood_Park_Estate_%28geograph_4098483%29.jpg/250px-Eriswell_Road_Burwood_Park_Estate_%28geograph_4098483%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Eriswell_Road_Burwood_Park_Estate_%28geograph_4098483%29.jpg/375px-Eriswell_Road_Burwood_Park_Estate_%28geograph_4098483%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Eriswell_Road_Burwood_Park_Estate_%28geograph_4098483%29.jpg/500px-Eriswell_Road_Burwood_Park_Estate_%28geograph_4098483%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="918" /></a><figcaption>A gated house in <a href="/wiki/Burwood_Park" title="Burwood Park">Burwood Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, gated communities are relatively rare. In 2004 there were an estimated 1,000 such communities in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> (i.e. not including <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2002, the majority of these communities were found to be in the <a href="/wiki/South_East_England" title="South East England">South East</a> and most were small developments; only four <a href="/wiki/Local_authorities_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Local authorities in England">local authorities</a> had one or more gated communities with over 300 dwellings.<sup id="cite_ref-cohesion_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cohesion-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They generally consisted of a gated street of up to 60 or 100 houses, or a single block of flats.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bulk of gated communities in the United Kingdom have been constructed by private developers, with smaller proportions built by social landlords and through <a href="/wiki/Private_finance_initiative" title="Private finance initiative">public-private partnerships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cohesion_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cohesion-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research has found that they typically exist within surrounding areas that are also highly affluent, if not necessarily gated.<sup id="cite_ref-kobayashi_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kobayashi-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been noted that as far as buyer motivation is concerned, issues of security, exclusivity and prestige were often subsumed by a desire to obtain property that would <a href="/wiki/Return_on_investment" title="Return on investment">maintain its value</a>. Although the appeal of these communities is said to be mainly be to "<a href="/wiki/Yuppie" title="Yuppie">young affluent singles</a>" and older couples, this varies significantly according to location and the availability of accommodation types. Unlike in America, marketing materials rarely refer to any community aspect of living in a gated development.<sup id="cite_ref-kobayashi_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kobayashi-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Drive_Brockhall_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1372452.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/The_Drive_Brockhall_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1372452.jpg/250px-The_Drive_Brockhall_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1372452.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/The_Drive_Brockhall_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1372452.jpg/375px-The_Drive_Brockhall_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1372452.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/The_Drive_Brockhall_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1372452.jpg/500px-The_Drive_Brockhall_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1372452.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brockhall_Village" title="Brockhall Village">Brockhall Village</a> near <a href="/wiki/Blackburn" title="Blackburn">Blackburn</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There is "considerable diversity in terms of the built form" of gated communities. In London, many new-build and converted spaces that have been turned into gated communities consist largely of flats and are therefore unlikely to be suitable for families.<sup id="cite_ref-kobayashi_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kobayashi-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The redevelopment of these inner city sites for "secure, upscale, condominium-style housing in central London" was partly fuelled by a cultural shift among young professionals towards "loft-living" in the city centre.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples from London include the <a href="/wiki/London_Docklands" title="London Docklands">Docklands</a> developments of <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonian_Wharf" title="New Caledonian Wharf">New Caledonian Wharf</a>, Kings and Queen Wharf and <a href="/wiki/Pan_Peninsula" title="Pan Peninsula">Pan Peninsula</a>, and <a href="/wiki/East_End_of_London" title="East End of London">East London</a> locations like the <a href="/wiki/Bow_Quarter" title="Bow Quarter">Bow Quarter</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bow,_London" title="Bow, London">Bow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside London, gated communities tend to be more spacious. The most prestigious gated communities, or "private estates", are generally seen as being those around the fringes of London; these include the large estates at <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Hill" title="St George's Hill">St George's Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wentworth_Estate" title="Wentworth Estate">Wentworth</a>, both of which are in <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>. In general, there is a heavy concentration around Surrey's <a href="/wiki/Cobham,_Surrey" title="Cobham, Surrey">Cobham</a>-<a href="/wiki/Esher" title="Esher">Esher</a>-<a href="/wiki/Weybridge" title="Weybridge">Weybridge</a> triangle – examples are <a href="/wiki/Burwood_Park" title="Burwood Park">Burwood Park</a> and Kingswood Warren, while Blackhills and Clare Hill represent smaller competitors with somewhat lower property values. In suburban <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keston_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Keston Park">Keston Park</a> and Farnborough Park are most notable.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NavalSquare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/NavalSquare.jpg/220px-NavalSquare.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/NavalSquare.jpg/330px-NavalSquare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/NavalSquare.jpg/440px-NavalSquare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Brick wall separating <a href="/wiki/Naval_Square,_Philadelphia" title="Naval Square, Philadelphia">Naval Square</a> from Grays Ferry Avenue in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest American gated communities date to the 1850s, though it was in the early 1900s when they first began to proliferate.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most gated communities are today located in the <a href="/wiki/Sun_Belt" title="Sun Belt">Sun Belt</a> region in the South and West, where there is more land available for development.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are usually developed privately and for this reason it is difficult to determine the total number.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although they are often unincorporated, there are numerous <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">incorporated</a> gated cities in <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>, namely <a href="/wiki/Bradbury,_California" title="Bradbury, California">Bradbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canyon_Lake,_California" title="Canyon Lake, California">Canyon Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidden_Hills,_California" title="Hidden Hills, California">Hidden Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laguna_Woods,_California" title="Laguna Woods, California">Laguna Woods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Hills,_California" title="Rolling Hills, California">Rolling Hills</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i> reported that approximately 40% of new builds in California were behind walls.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1997, an estimated 20,000 gated communities had been built across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, estimates of the number of people in gated communities ranged from 4 million in 30,000 communities up to around 8 million.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This growth continued and by 2009 figures from the <a href="/wiki/American_Housing_Survey" title="American Housing Survey">American Housing Survey</a> indicated that the number of people living in gated communities had risen to 11 million households.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Setha_Low" title="Setha Low">Setha Low</a>, a psychologist who has studied gated communities and their residents, suggested this was likely an underestimate.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes_51-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brickell_Key_from_north_20100211.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Brickell_Key_from_north_20100211.jpg/220px-Brickell_Key_from_north_20100211.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Brickell_Key_from_north_20100211.jpg/330px-Brickell_Key_from_north_20100211.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Brickell_Key_from_north_20100211.jpg/440px-Brickell_Key_from_north_20100211.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3028" data-file-height="2244" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brickell_Key" title="Brickell Key">Brickell Key</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The notion that gated communities in the United States are "bastions of affluence" has been challenged by academic research. A 2005 study published in the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Planning_Education_and_Research" title="Journal of Planning Education and Research">Journal of Planning Education and Research</a></i> revealed they often contain both owner-occupied and renter-occupied properties and that socioeconomic status and income levels can vary significantly across communities. Criminologists Nicholas Branic and <a href="/wiki/Charis_Kubrin" title="Charis Kubrin">Charis Kubrin</a> have argued that the "affluent, high socioeconomic status gated communities" of popular imagination in fact represent just one type of gated community.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ed_Blakely" title="Ed Blakely">Ed Blakely</a> distinguishes between "prestige communities" of the rich and socially distinguished and "security zones", in which safety is the main goal.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, much of the literature points to gated communities as contributing to greater social seclusion and segregation. Common motivations for moving into them are fear of crime and a <a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">desire to escape demographic change</a> — gated communities are generally <a href="/wiki/Monoculturalism" title="Monoculturalism">ethnically homogenous</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, a 2015 <a href="/wiki/Urban_Studies_(journal)" title="Urban Studies (journal)"><i>Urban Studies</i></a> article argued that while gated communities in the southwestern United States entrenched social segregation, no effect was present for racial segregation, as the streets they bordered tended to already be segregated on a racial level.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uruguay">Uruguay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Uruguay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puente_americas_canelones.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Puente_americas_canelones.jpg/220px-Puente_americas_canelones.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Puente_americas_canelones.jpg/330px-Puente_americas_canelones.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Puente_americas_canelones.jpg/440px-Puente_americas_canelones.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Several gated communities in Uruguay are adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_de_la_Costa" title="Ciudad de la Costa">Ciudad de la Costa</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Gated communities in <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> are known locally as 'barrios privados' or private neighbourhoods.<sup id="cite_ref-higgs_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-higgs-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no official data on how widespread gated communities in Uruguay are, but by 2013 at least 20 were known to exist in the <a href="/wiki/Maldonado_Department" title="Maldonado Department">Maldonado Department</a>, seven in the <a href="/wiki/Canelones_Department" title="Canelones Department">Canelones Department</a>, seven in <a href="/wiki/Rocha_Department" title="Rocha Department">Rocha</a>, one in <a href="/wiki/Soriano_Department" title="Soriano Department">Soriano</a>, and two in <a href="/wiki/Rio_Negro_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Negro Department">Rio Negro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thompson_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thompson-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gated communities had experienced "huge growth" by 2020, and were a popular choice for foreigners with families, although rental returns are reportedly low and the properties will not necessarily appreciate in value.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While socially exclusive areas exist in the capital <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Carrasco,_Montevideo" title="Carrasco, Montevideo">Carrasco</a> <a href="/wiki/Barrio" title="Barrio">barrio</a>, the closing of streets is not permitted and attempts to build gated communities within the city limits have been refused.<sup id="cite_ref-thompson_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thompson-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contrary to what might be assumed, research has found that gated communities in this country do not increase residential segregation as they select for affluent people who already experience <a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">a high degree of segregation</a>. These residents tend to be a very homogenous group in age, family stage, and social class.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Tahona and Carmel are two of the most prominent gated communities located just outside Montevideo in the Canelones Department and nearby to the <a href="/wiki/Zonamerica" title="Zonamerica">Zonamerica</a> business park and <a href="/wiki/Carrasco_International_Airport" title="Carrasco International Airport">Carrasco International Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thompson_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thompson-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Tahona and Carmel both adjoin Camino de los Horneros, a road immediately north of <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_de_la_Costa" title="Ciudad de la Costa">Ciudad de la Costa</a> that connects to multiple gated communities with 2000 homes in total, though these numbers are expected to eventually treble.<sup id="cite_ref-higgs_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-higgs-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous gated communities have also been constructed in <a href="/wiki/Punta_Del_Este" class="mw-redirect" title="Punta Del Este">Punta Del Este</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thompson_62-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thompson-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Demand for gated communities in Uruguay has increased in recent years due to the growing availability of <a href="/wiki/Remote_working" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote working">remote working</a>, and amenities like swimming pools can be found more often than in Montevideo. They have also become more accessible to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle class</a> as pre-designed new builds have become common, as opposed to the older model of requiring individual owners to buy a plot and then hire their own builder. The resulting <a href="/wiki/Economies_of_scale" title="Economies of scale">economies of scale</a> have helped to keep average prices lower than they otherwise would be.<sup id="cite_ref-higgs_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-higgs-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_media">In popular media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: In popular media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-In_popular_culture plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_information" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">irrelevant</a> references to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections#"In_popular_culture"_and_"Cultural_references"_material" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">popular culture</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help Wikipedia to <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing the content or adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">independent sources</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_comics">In comics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: In comics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Early in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Walking_Dead_(comic_book)" title="The Walking Dead (comic book)">The Walking Dead</a></i> comic book series, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Grimes" title="Rick Grimes">Rick Grimes</a> attempts to settle in a gated condominium neighbourhood. This move proves disastrous as one of the group members is killed after the survivors realize the neighbourhood is infested with <a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">zombies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_film">In film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: In film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Duigan" title="John Duigan">John Duigan</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Lawn_Dogs" title="Lawn Dogs">Lawn Dogs</a></i> (1997), starring <a href="/wiki/Mischa_Barton" title="Mischa Barton">Mischa Barton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Rockwell" title="Sam Rockwell">Sam Rockwell</a>, films a young girl from a gated community who befriends a landscape worker, and examines the societal repercussions of their friendship.</li> <li>Mexican film <i><a href="/wiki/La_Zona_(2007)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Zona (2007)">La Zona</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Pl%C3%A1" title="Rodrigo Plá">Rodrigo Plá</a>, talks about a gated community invaded by a group of very young and poor children.</li> <li>In the ABC Family movie <i><a href="/wiki/Picture_This_(2008_film)" title="Picture This (2008 film)">Picture This</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Ashley_Tisdale" title="Ashley Tisdale">Ashley Tisdale</a>, Drew lives in a gated community called Camelot.</li> <li>In the Spanish movie <i><a href="/wiki/Secuestrados" class="mw-redirect" title="Secuestrados">Secuestrados</a></i>, kidnappers take the daughter of a family living in an allegedly secure gated community.</li> <li>In the 2007 animated movie <i><a href="/wiki/Alvin_and_the_Chipmunks_(film)" title="Alvin and the Chipmunks (film)">Alvin and the Chipmunks</a></i>, the chipmunks and their guardian <a href="/wiki/David_Seville" title="David Seville">Dave Seville</a> live in a gated community.</li> <li>In the 2022 film <i><a href="/wiki/Cheaper_by_the_Dozen_(2022_film)" title="Cheaper by the Dozen (2022 film)">Cheaper by the Dozen</a></i>, the Baker family relocated from Los Angeles to a gated community in <a href="/wiki/Calabasas,_California" title="Calabasas, California">Calabasas, California</a> where they moved into a larger house there to accommodate their large family. By the end of the film, the Baker family move back to Los Angeles.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_games">In games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: In games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_IV" title="Grand Theft Auto IV">Grand Theft Auto IV</a></i> has a gated community called Beachgate, a fictional rendition of <a href="/wiki/Sea_Gate,_Brooklyn" title="Sea Gate, Brooklyn">Sea Gate, Brooklyn</a>. It includes the home of early antagonist Mikhail Faustin.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_literature">In literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(Alphabetical by author's last name) </p> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Atwood" title="Margaret Atwood">Margaret Atwood</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Oryx_and_Crake" title="Oryx and Crake">Oryx and Crake</a></i>, the characters Snowman and Crake live and work in corporate-owned gated communities known as compounds.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._G._Ballard" title="J. G. Ballard">J.G. Ballard</a> has examined the phenomenon in his novella <i><a href="/wiki/Running_Wild_(novella)" title="Running Wild (novella)">Running Wild</a></i> (1988) and in his novel <i><a href="/wiki/Super-Cannes" title="Super-Cannes">Super-Cannes</a></i> (2000).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._C._Boyle" title="T. C. Boyle">T.C. Boyle</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tortilla_Curtain" title="The Tortilla Curtain">The Tortilla Curtain</a></i> (1995) is set in and near a gated community in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.</li> <li>The novel <i><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Sower_(novel)" title="Parable of the Sower (novel)">Parable of the Sower</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Octavia_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="Octavia Butler">Octavia Butler</a>, takes place in a world where much of civilization lives within gated communities.</li> <li>In the novel <i><a href="/wiki/I_Will_Fear_No_Evil" title="I Will Fear No Evil">I Will Fear No Evil</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a>, the wealthiest citizens shelter from urban poverty inside fortress-like guarded gated communities.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Levin" title="Ira Levin">Ira Levin</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Stepford_Wives" title="The Stepford Wives">The Stepford Wives</a></i> (1972) takes place inside an idyllic gated community that secretly enslaves its female members to conform to the standards of the men.</li> <li>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Percy_Jackson_%26_the_Olympians" title="Percy Jackson & the Olympians">Percy Jackson & the Olympians</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Heroes_of_Olympus" title="The Heroes of Olympus">The Heroes of Olympus</a></i> series by <a href="/wiki/Rick_Riordan" title="Rick Riordan">Rick Riordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elysium" title="Elysium">Elysium</a> is depicted as a gated community from which one could hear laughter and smell barbecue cooking. Besides having the Isle of the Blessed in the center of a large lake there, Elysium has neighbourhoods of beautiful houses from every time period in history such as Roman villas, medieval castles, and Victorian mansions. It also has flowers of silver and gold blooming on the lawns and grass rippling in rainbow colors.</li> <li>In Mexico, <a href="/wiki/Fernanda_Melchor" title="Fernanda Melchor">Fernanda Melchor</a>'s third novel <i><a href="/wiki/Paradais" title="Paradais">Paradais</a></i> tells the crime committed by two teenagers inside a Mexican gated community of Veracruz, hometown of Melchor.</li> <li>In Argentina, <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Pi%C3%B1eiro" title="Claudia Piñeiro">Claudia Piñeiro</a>'s <i>Las viudas de los jueves</i> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thursday_Widows&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thursday Widows (page does not exist)">Thursday Widows</a></i>) became a local bestseller after winning the 2005 edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Clar%C3%ADn_(Argentine_newspaper)" title="Clarín (Argentine newspaper)">El Clarín</a></i> newspaper book award.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The novel depicts life of dwellers of a gated community, among them, families who enjoyed high incomes now facing economic hardships.</li> <li>In Egypt, <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Khaled_Towfik" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Khaled Towfik">Ahmed Khaled Towfik</a>'s novel <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utopia_(Towfik_novel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utopia (Towfik novel) (page does not exist)">Utopia</a></i> takes readers on a chilling journey beyond the gated communities of the North Coast where the wealthy are insulated from the bleakness of life outside the walls.</li> <li>In the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Snow_Crash" title="Snow Crash">Snow Crash</a></i> (1992) by <a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a>, gated communities have evolved into "burbclaves" (suburban enclaves) which are effectively sovereign city-states.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_songs">In songs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: In songs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In "<a href="/wiki/Versace_(song)" title="Versace (song)">Versace</a>", <a href="/wiki/Drake_(rapper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drake (rapper)">Drake</a> says: "This is a gated community please get the fuck off the property"–referring to the gated community of <a href="/wiki/Hidden_Hills,_California" title="Hidden Hills, California">Hidden Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_television">In television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: In television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the Season Six episode of <i><a href="/wiki/The_X-Files" title="The X-Files">The X-Files</a></i> entitled "<a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(The_X-Files)" title="Arcadia (The X-Files)">Arcadia</a>", Mulder and Scully investigate disappearances within a gated community that seems to be harboring a terrible secret involving a <a href="/wiki/Tulpa" title="Tulpa">Tulpa</a>.</li> <li>In the cartoon <i><a href="/wiki/As_Told_By_Ginger" class="mw-redirect" title="As Told By Ginger">As Told By Ginger</a></i>, the Griplings reside in Protective Pines.</li> <li>In the <i><a href="/wiki/SpongeBob_SquarePants" title="SpongeBob SquarePants">SpongeBob SquarePants</a></i> episode "Squidville", Squidward Tentacles temporarily moves to a gated community of squids to get away from SpongeBob SquarePants and Patrick Star.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bravo_(US_TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bravo (US TV network)">Bravo network</a> reality television series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Housewives_of_Orange_County" title="The Real Housewives of Orange County">The Real Housewives of Orange County</a></i> was initially set primarily in the gated community of <a href="/wiki/Coto_de_Caza,_California" title="Coto de Caza, California">Coto de Caza, California</a> ("Coto") and followed the lavish livestyles of "<a href="/wiki/Homemakers" class="mw-redirect" title="Homemakers">housewives</a>" and their families who resided within Coto. One housewife, Lauri Waring, who lived in a Ladera Ranch townhouse, was the exception-to-the-rule that was used as a foil to the extravagant lifestyle of the other four housewives, who lived "behind the Coto gates".</li> <li>Most of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Starter_Wife_(miniseries)" title="The Starter Wife (miniseries)">The Starter Wife</a></i> miniseries is set within the gated community where the main character's friend lives. She even becomes friends with the security guard at the front gate.</li> <li>The pilot episode of the 2002 revival of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(2002_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (2002 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></i> titled "<a href="/wiki/Evergreen_(The_Twilight_Zone)" class="mw-redirect" title="Evergreen (The Twilight Zone)">Evergreen</a>" deals with a gated community called Evergreen Estates which has a sinister way of dealing with nonconformity that involves rebellious children committing those acts being taken to "Arcadia Fertilizer Company" where they are executed and made into red fertilizer for the small trees in front of the houses there.</li> <li>In one episode of <i><a href="/wiki/VeggieTales" title="VeggieTales">VeggieTales</a></i> (<i>Sherlock Holmes and the Golden Ruler</i>), Larry sings a song about gated communities in Silly Songs with Larry.</li> <li>In seasons 1-3 of <i><a href="/wiki/Weeds_(TV_series)" title="Weeds (TV series)">Weeds</a></i>, Nancy Botwin and her family inhabit the gated community of Agrestic.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Neighbors_(2012_TV_series)" title="The Neighbors (2012 TV series)">The Neighbors</a></i>, a 2012 TV series in the United States, a family has relocated to a gated <a href="/wiki/Townhouse" title="Townhouse">townhouse</a> community called "Hidden Hills" in New Jersey only they discover that the entire community is populated by <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">residents from another planet</a> who identify themselves by the names of sport celebrities, patrol the community in <a href="/wiki/Golf_cart" title="Golf cart">golf carts</a>, receive nourishment through their eyes and mind by reading books rather than eating, and cry green goo from their ears.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Safe_(TV_series)" title="Safe (TV series)">Safe</a></i>, a Netflix original series, it tells the mystery in and around a gated community.</li> <li>In the short-lived TV series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gates_(TV_series)" title="The Gates (TV series)">The Gates</a></i>, Nick Monohan and his family move from Chicago to a quiet, upscale planned community called The Gates where he will be its chief of police. They soon realize that their neighbors are not who they seem to be. The Gates is filled with such beings as vampires, witches, werewolves, and a succubus.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age-restricted_community" title="Age-restricted community">Age-restricted community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barracks" title="Barracks">Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_city" title="Closed city">Closed city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_community" title="Closed community">Closed community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium (living space)">Condominium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">Defensive wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeowners_association" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeowners association">Homeowners association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_lines" title="Peace lines">Peace lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_unit_development" title="Planned unit development">Planned unit development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_community" title="Private community">Private community</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLangDanielsen1997" class="citation journal cs1">Lang, Robert E.; Danielsen, Karen A. 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Posted online on 10 December 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.neivor.com/fraccionamiento-que-es-significado">"¿Qué es un Fraccionamiento? 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dhakarachi.org&rft.atitle=Pakistan+Defence+Officers+Housing+Authority%2C+Karachi&rft.aulast=Karachi&rft.aufirst=MIS+Dte%2C+DHA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdhakarachi.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGated+community" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahriatowntoday.com">"Bahria Town Today"</a>. <i>Bahria Town Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.clarin.com&rft.atitle=%22Las+viudas+de+los+jueves%22%2C+un+retrato+feroz+y+preciso+de+la+Argentina&rft.date=2005-12-18&rft.au=Clarin.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clarin.com%2Fdiario%2F2005%2F12%2F18%2Fsociedad%2Fs-05301.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGated+community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Arizaga, Maria Cecilia: El Mito de comunidad en la Ciudad Mundializada. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/987-9035-28-3" title="Special:BookSources/987-9035-28-3">987-9035-28-3</a></li> <li>[Arizaga, Maria Cecilia: Murallas y barrios cerrados, La morfología espacial del ajuste en Buenos Aires. Nueva Sociedad, 166, 2000 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nuso.org/upload/articulos/2836_1.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130412092038/http://www.nuso.org/upload/articulos/2836_1.pdf">Archived</a> 12 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>]</li> <li>Blakely, Edward J. and Mary Gail Snyder; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhi.org/online/issues/93/gates.html">Fortress America: Gated Communities in the United States</a>; Brookings Institution Press, New Ed edition (15 June 1999); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-1003-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-1003-5">978-0-8157-1003-5</a></li> <li>Gasior-Niemiec, Anna; Glasze, Georg and Pütz, Robert (2009): A Glimpse over the Rising Walls: The Reflection of Post-Communist Transformation in the Polish Discourse of Gated Communities. In: East European Politics & Societies 23 (2009) 2: 244–265. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.uni-frankfurt.de/fb/fb11/ifh/Personen/puetz/downloads/2009_RisingWalls.pdf">[2]</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li>Glasze, Georg, Chris Webster and Klaus Frantz (2006): "Introduction: global and local perspectives on the rise of private neighbourhoods". In: Georg Glasze, Chris Webster and Klaus Frantz (Eds.): <i>Private Cities: Global and Local Perspectives</i>. Routledge. London und New York: 1–8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.geographie.uni-erlangen.de/docs/article/68/ggl_publik_introductionprivatecities_100120.pdf">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170613145734/http://www.geographie.uni-erlangen.de/docs/article/68/ggl_publik_introductionprivatecities_100120.pdf">Archived</a> 13 June 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Glasze, Georg (2003): <i>Private Neighbourhoods as Club Economies and Shareholder Democracies</i>. – In: BelGeo 1/2003 Theme Issue "Privatization of Urban Spaces in Contemporary European Cities": 87-98 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.geographie.uni-erlangen.de/docs/article/68/ggl_publik_privateclubeconomies_091204.pdf">[4]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170613133657/http://www.geographie.uni-erlangen.de/docs/article/68/ggl_publik_privateclubeconomies_091204.pdf">Archived</a> 13 June 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Libertun de Duren, Nora. "Planning à la Carte: The location patterns of gated communities around Buenos Aires in a decentralized planning context". <i>International Journal of Urban and Regional Research</i> 30.2 (2006): 308–327.</li> <li>Low, Setha M: Behind the Gates: Life, Security and the Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America. Routledge: New York and London: 2003.</li> <li>Webster, Chris, Georg Glasze und Klaus Frantz (2002): "The global spread of gated communities". In: <i>Environment and Planning</i> B 29 (2002) 3: 315-320</li> <li>Davis, Mike : City of Quartz, 1990.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gated_community&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050515074030/http://www.cfr.org/pub6442/elizabeth_c_economy_john_pomfret_deborah_davis/chinas_transition_at_a_turning_point_session_ii.php">China's Transition at a Turning Point</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120731113209/http://www.forbes.com/realestate/2004/11/19/cx_sc_1119home.html">Forbes: Most Expensive Gated Communities In America 2004</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927011527/http://cafebabel.com/en/article.asp?T=T&Id=9593">Fortress Bulgaria: gated communities</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_park" title="Business park">Business park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_area" title="Commercial area">Commercial area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">Mixed-use development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Office building">Office building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">Port</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inland_port" title="Inland port">inland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_center_(retail)" title="Power center (retail)">Power center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail_park" title="Retail park">Retail park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverfront" title="Riverfront">Riverfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_center" title="Shopping center">Shopping center</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shopping_mall" title="Shopping mall">Shopping mall</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_streets_and_districts_by_city" title="List of shopping streets and districts by city">Shopping streets and districts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Planned_industrial_developments" title="Category:Planned industrial developments">Industrial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_cluster" title="Business cluster">Business cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_district" title="Industrial district">Industrial district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_park" title="Industrial park">Industrial park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_technology_centers" title="List of technology centers">Technology centers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Planned_residential_developments" title="Category:Planned residential developments">Residential</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrihood" title="Agrihood">Agrihood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_house" title="Boarding house">Boarding house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungalow_court" title="Bungalow court">Bungalow court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_block" title="City block">City block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_community" title="Closed community">Closed community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_town" title="Company town">Company town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation community">Conservation community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_home" title="Executive home">Executive home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_course_community" title="Golf course community">Golf course community</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gated community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_estate" title="Housing estate">Housing estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Intentional community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_apartment" title="Luxury apartment">Luxury apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMansion" title="McMansion">McMansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">Mixed-use development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_dwellings_company" title="Model dwellings company">Model dwellings for the poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multifamily_residential" title="Multifamily residential">Multifamily residential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthouse_apartment" title="Penthouse apartment">Penthouse apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_community" title="Private community">Private community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">Public housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airpark" title="Airpark">Residential airpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_area" title="Residential area">Residential area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retirement_community" title="Retirement community">Retirement community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_house" title="Revenue house">Revenue house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooming_house" title="Rooming house">Rooming house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-room_occupancy" title="Single-room occupancy">Single-room occupancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivision_(land)" title="Subdivision (land)">Subdivision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tract_housing" title="Tract housing">Tract housing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science/education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campus" title="Campus">Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_research_parks" title="List of research parks">Research park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_campus" title="Satellite campus">Satellite campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_park" title="Science park">Science park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Planned_municipal_developments" title="Category:Planned municipal developments">Municipal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcology" title="Arcology">Arcology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_center" title="Civic center">Civic center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_city_movement" title="Garden city movement">Garden city movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_village" title="Model village">Model village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_planned_cities" title="List of planned cities">Planned cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_community" title="Planned community">Planned community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_green_space" title="Urban green space">Urban green space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">parks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Buildings</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_building_types" title="List of building types">types</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apartment" title="Apartment">Apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House" title="House">House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_house_types" title="List of house types">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">Skyscraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_block" title="Tower block">Tower 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land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundscraper" title="Groundscraper">Groundscraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land-use_planning" title="Land-use planning">Land-use planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-building_structure_types" title="List of non-building structure types">Nonbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIMBY" title="NIMBY">NIMBY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parking" title="Parking">Parking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planning_permission" title="Planning permission">Planning permission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playground" title="Playground">Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redevelopment" title="Redevelopment">Redevelopment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_planning" title="Regional planning">Regional planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIMBY" 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