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href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Papīrs rootpage-Papīrs skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pāriet uz saturu</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Galvenā izvēlne" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Galvenā izvēlne</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Galvenā izvēlne</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigācija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81kumlapa" title="Iet uz sākumlapu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Sākumlapa</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Kopienas_port%C4%81ls" title="Šeit Tu vari uzdot sev interesējošus jautājumus"><span>Kopienas portāls</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Aktualit%C4%81tes" title="Uzzini, kas nesen noticis Vikipēdijā"><span>Aktualitātes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="Izmaiņas, kas nesen izdarītas Vikipēdijā [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Pēdējās izmaiņas</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Iet uz nejauši izvēlētu lapu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Nejauša lapa</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C4%ABdz%C4%ABba:Saturs" title="Vieta, kur uzzināt par Vikipēdiju vairāk"><span>Palīdzība</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Pazi%C5%86ojumi_par_k%C4%BC%C5%ABd%C4%81m"><span>Paziņot par kļūdu</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipēdija:Kontakti"><span>Kontakti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/S%C4%81kumlapa" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipēdija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-lv.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Brīvā enciklopēdija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-lv.svg" width="120" height="15" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.9375em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Meklēt Vikipēdijā [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Meklēt</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Meklēt Vikipēdijā" aria-label="Meklēt Vikipēdijā" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Meklēt Vikipēdijā [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Meklēt</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Izskats" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Izskats</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv" class=""><span>Ziedojumi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pap%C4%ABrs" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti." class=""><span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pap%C4%ABrs" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Vairāk iespēju" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Dalībnieka rīki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dalībnieka izvēlne" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv"><span>Ziedojumi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pap%C4%ABrs" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pap%C4%ABrs" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Lapas redaktoriem, kuri nav pieslēgušies <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Ievads" aria-label="Uzzini vairāk par rediģēšanu"><span>uzzināt vairāk</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="Labojumi, kas veikti no šīs IP adreses [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Devums</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Diskusija par labojumiem, kas izdarīti no šīs IP adreses [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusijas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Papīra_vēsture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papīra_vēsture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Papīra vēsture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papīra_vēsture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Papīra_ražošana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papīra_ražošana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Papīra ražošana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papīra_ražošana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Papīra_veidi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papīra_veidi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Papīra veidi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papīra_veidi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Papīra_izmantošana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papīra_izmantošana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Papīra izmantošana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papīra_izmantošana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skatīt_arī" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skatīt_arī"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Skatīt arī</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skatīt_arī-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Atsauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ārējās_saites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ārējās_saites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ārējās saites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ārējās_saites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Papīrs</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 170 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-170" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">170 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – Šveices vācu" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Šveices vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%88%E1%88%A8%E1%89%80%E1%89%B5" title="ወረቀት – amharu" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ወረቀት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – aragoniešu" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper – senangļu" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Paper" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="senangļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82" title="ورق – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ورق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82" title="ورق – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ورق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9C" title="কাগজ – asamiešu" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কাগজ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – astūriešu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astūriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masinahikanickwemokw" title="Masinahikanickwemokw – atikameku" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Masinahikanickwemokw" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikameku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C4%9F%C4%B1z" title="Kağız – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kağız" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B0" title="کاغیذ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاغیذ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B%D2%99" title="Ҡағыҙ – baškīru" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡағыҙ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškīru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puop%C4%ABrios" title="Puopīrios – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Puopīrios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratas" title="Keratas – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Keratas" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Папера – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Папера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Папера – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Папера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertas" title="Kertas – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kertas" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хартия – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хартия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9C" title="कागज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कागज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepa" title="Pepa – bišlamā" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Pepa" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bišlamā" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartas" title="Kartas – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kartas" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9C" title="কাগজ – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাগজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཤོག་བུ། – tibetiešu" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཤོག་བུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper – bretoņu" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Paper" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papir" title="Papir – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Papir" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Саарһан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Саарһан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paper" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%81i" title="Cāi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cāi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Кехат – čečenu" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кехат" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%95%D8%B2" title="کاغەز – centrālkurdu" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاغەز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centrālkurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A2%C4%9F%C4%B1t" title="Kâğıt – Krimas tatāru" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kâğıt" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krimas tatāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%C3%ADr" title="Papír – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Papír" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%82" title="Хут – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хут" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papur" title="Papur – velsiešu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Papur" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velsiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papir" title="Papir – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Papir" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C4%9F%C4%B1de" title="Kağıde – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kağıde" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%8B%DE%A7%DE%90%DE%B0" title="ކަރުދާސް – maldīviešu" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކަރުދާސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldīviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%AF" title="Χαρτί – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαρτί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Paper" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papero" title="Papero – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Papero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paber" title="Paber – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Paber" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Paper" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%B0" title="کاغذ – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاغذ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paperi" title="Paperi – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paperi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepa" title="Pepa – fidžiešu" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Pepa" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidžiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiir" title="Papiir – ziemeļfrīzu" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Papiir" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ziemeļfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – rietumfrīzu" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="rietumfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1ip%C3%A9ar" title="Páipéar – īru" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Páipéar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="īru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%99" title="紙 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="紙" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0ipear" title="Pàipear – skotu gēlu" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pàipear" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotu gēlu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuatia" title="Kuatia – gvaranu" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuatia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%B3" title="કાગળ – gudžaratu" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કાગળ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžaratu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takarda" title="Takarda – hausu" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Takarda" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%B9%B3%CC%81" title="Chṳ́ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chṳ́" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8" title="נייר – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נייר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="काग़ज़ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="काग़ज़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaagaj" title="Kaagaj – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kaagaj" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papir" title="Papir – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Papir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papye" title="Papye – haitiešu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Papye" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%C3%ADr" title="Papír – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Papír" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A9_(%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9)" title="Թուղթ (նյութ) – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուղթ (նյութ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiro" title="Papiro – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Papiro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertas" title="Kertas – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kertas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papere" title="Papere – interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Papere" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – iloku" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papero" title="Papero – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Papero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papp%C3%ADr" title="Pappír – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pappír" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carta" title="Carta – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%99" title="紙 – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="紙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dluwang" title="Dluwang – javiešu" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dluwang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ქაღალდი – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქაღალდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qa%C7%B5az" title="Qaǵaz – karakalpaku" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qaǵaz" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpaku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iferki" title="Iferki – kabilu" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iferki" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takaya%C9%A3_hay%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Takayaɣ hayʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Takayaɣ hayʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Қағаз – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қағаз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F" title="ក្រដាស – khmeru" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ក្រដាស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A6" title="ಕಾಗದ – kannadu" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಗದ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EC%9D%B4" title="종이 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="종이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaxez" title="Kaxez – kurdu" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kaxez" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper – korniešu" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Paper" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кагаз – kirgīzu" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кагаз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charta" title="Charta – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Charta" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pabeier" title="Pabeier – luksemburgiešu" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Pabeier" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepier" title="Pepier – limburgiešu" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Pepier" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%C3%AA" title="Papê – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Papê" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palp%C3%A9e" title="Palpée – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Palpée" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%8D" title="ເຈ້ຍ – laosiešu" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຈ້ຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popierius" title="Popierius – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Popierius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taratasy" title="Taratasy – malagasu" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Taratasy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karateh" title="Karateh – minangkabavu" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Karateh" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabavu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хартија – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хартија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="കടലാസ് – malajalu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കടലാസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Цаас – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цаас" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A6" title="ꯆꯦ – manipūru" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯆꯦ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipūru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6" title="कागद – marathu" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कागद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertas" title="Kertas – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kertas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karta" title="Karta – maltiešu" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Karta" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0" title="စက္ကူ – birmiešu" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စက္ကူ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2" title="Конёв – erzju" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Конёв" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iztac_amatl" title="Iztac amatl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Iztac amatl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papeer" title="Papeer – lejasvācu" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Papeer" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lejasvācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papyr" title="Papyr – lejassakšu" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Papyr" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lejassakšu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9C" title="कागज – nepāliešu" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कागज" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepāliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82" title="भ्वं – nevaru" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भ्वं" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate" title="Karate – njasu" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Karate" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="njasu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papir" title="Papir – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Papir" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papir" title="Papir – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Papir" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papi" title="Papi – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Papi" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papi%C3%A8r" title="Papièr – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Papièr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumuagu" title="Bumuagu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Bumuagu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waraqaa" title="Waraqaa – oromu" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Waraqaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%9C" title="କାଗଜ – oriju" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କାଗଜ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਕਾਗ਼ਜ਼ – pandžabu" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਗ਼ਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%B0" title="کاغذ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاغذ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%BC%D9%87" title="ليکپاڼه – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ليکپاڼه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papil" title="Papil – kečvu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Papil" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A2rtie" title="Hârtie – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hârtie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Бумага – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бумага" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0%D2%95%D1%8B" title="Кумааҕы – jakutu" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кумааҕы" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ – santalu" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carta" title="Carta – sicīliešu" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Carta" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicīliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper – skotu" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Paper" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%B0" title="ڪاغذ – sindhu" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪاغذ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papir" title="Papir – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Papir" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92" title="කඩදාසි – singāļu" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කඩදාසි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Paper" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier" title="Papier – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Papier" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papir" title="Papir – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Papir" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakanhi" title="Shakanhi – šonu" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Shakanhi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šonu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warqad" title="Warqad – somāļu" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Warqad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letra" title="Letra – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Letra" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Папир – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Папир" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertas" title="Kertas – zundu" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kertas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="zundu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papper" title="Papper – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Papper" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatasi" title="Karatasi – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Karatasi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papj%C5%AFr" title="Papjůr – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Papjůr" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/tatipeluk" title="tatipeluk – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="tatipeluk" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="காகிதம் – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காகிதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="కాగితం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాగితం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Қоғаз – tadžiku" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қоғаз" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9" title="กระดาษ – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กระดาษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – tagalu" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A2%C4%9F%C4%B1t" title="Kâğıt – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kâğıt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Кәгазь – tatāru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кәгазь" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кагаз – udmurtu" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кагаз" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80" title="Папір – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Папір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%B0" title="کاغذ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاغذ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qog%CA%BBoz" title="Qogʻoz – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qogʻoz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carta" title="Carta – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Carta" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumag" title="Bumag – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Bumag" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BA%A5y" title="Giấy – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giấy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%C3%AE" title="Papî – valoņu" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Papî" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papel" title="Papel – varaju" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Papel" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B8" title="纸 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="纸" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ქაღარდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქაღარდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8" title="פאפיר – jidišs" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאפיר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidišs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceij" title="Ceij – džuanu" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ceij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="džuanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B8" title="纸 – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="纸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B3a" title="Chóa – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chóa" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%99" title="紙 – kantoniešu" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="紙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11472#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Labot starpvalodu saites" class="wbc-editpage">Labot saites</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Vārdtelpas"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pap%C4%ABrs" title="Apskatīt rakstu [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Raksts</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusija:Pap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" 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[h]" accesskey="h"><span>Hronoloģija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lapas rīki"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Rīki" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Rīki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Rīki</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Vairāk iespēju" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Darbības </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pap%C4%ABrs"><span>Skatīt</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&veaction=edit" title="Labot šo lapu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Labot šo lapu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&action=edit" title="Labot šīs lapas pirmkodu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Labot pirmkodu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&action=history"><span>Hronoloģija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Vispārīgi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Pap%C4%ABrs" title="Visas Vikipēdijas lapas, kurās ir saites uz šejieni [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Norādes uz šo rakstu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Pap%C4%ABrs" rel="nofollow" title="Izmaiņas, kas nesen izdarītas lapās, kurās ir saites uz šo lapu [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Saistītās izmaiņas</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Visu īpašo lapu uzskaitījums [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Īpašās lapas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&oldid=4032494" title="Paliekoša saite uz šo lapas versiju"><span>Pastāvīgā saite</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&action=info" title="Vairāk informācijas par šo lapu"><span>Lapas informācija</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Pap%C4%ABrs&id=4032494&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Kā pareizi atsaukties uz šo rakstu"><span>Atsauce uz šo lapu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Flv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPap%25C4%25ABrs"><span>Iegūt saīsinātu URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Flv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPap%25C4%25ABrs"><span>Lejupielādēt QR kodu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukāt/eksportēt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pap%C4%ABrs"><span>Izveidot grāmatu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pap%C4%ABrs&action=show-download-screen"><span>Lejupielādēt kā PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&printable=yes" title="Drukājama lapas versija [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukājama versija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Citos projektos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Paper" hreflang="en"><span>Vikikrātuve</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11472" title="Saistītais Vikidatu ieraksts [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ieraksts Vikidatos</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lapas rīki"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izskats</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipēdijas lapa</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lv" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:FileStack_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/FileStack_retouched.jpg/235px-FileStack_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/FileStack_retouched.jpg/353px-FileStack_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/FileStack_retouched.jpg/470px-FileStack_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Papīru kaudze</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Papīrs</b> ir <a href="/wiki/Materi%C4%81ls" title="Materiāls">materiāls</a> plānu lapu veidā, kas ir paredzēts <a href="/wiki/Rakst%C4%AB%C5%A1ana" title="Rakstīšana">rakstīšanai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%81matu_iespie%C5%A1ana" class="mw-redirect" title="Grāmatu iespiešana">grāmatu iespiešanai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">banknošu</a> izgatavošanai un citiem mērķiem. Sarunvalodā par papīriem sauc arī <a href="/wiki/Dokuments" title="Dokuments">dokumentus</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Papīra_vēsture"><span id="Pap.C4.ABra_v.C4.93sture"></span>Papīra vēsture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Papīra vēsture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Papīra vēsture"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Papīrs tika izgudrots <a href="/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABna_(re%C4%A3ions)" title="Ķīna (reģions)">Ķīnā</a> mūsu ēras <a href="/wiki/105._gads" title="105. gads">105</a>. gadā.<sup id="cite_ref-Kidipede_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kidipede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ap <a href="/wiki/400._gads" title="400. gads">400</a>. gadu to sāka izgatavot arī <a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Indijā</a> un drīz pēc tam tas tika izgatavots arī <a href="/wiki/Ar%C4%81bi" title="Arābi">arābu</a> pasaulē.<sup id="cite_ref-Kidipede_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kidipede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Papīrs tika gatavots no masas, kuras sastāvā bija <a href="/wiki/Z%C4%ABdkoki" title="Zīdkoki">zīdkoka</a> lūku šķiedras, vecas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lupatas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lupatas (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">lupatas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%86epes" title="Kaņepes">kaņepes</a> un <a href="/wiki/%C5%AAdens" title="Ūdens">ūdens</a>. No šiem komponentiem tika pagatavota šķidra putra, ko uzzieda uz <a href="/wiki/Bambuss" class="mw-redirect" title="Bambuss">bambusa</a> pinuma sieta un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pres%C4%93t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presēt (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">presēja</a>. Kad masa kļuva cieta un izturīga, bambusa sietu izvilka, zem preses palika gatava papīra lapa. Šo metodi izgudroja Cai Luns, galma ierēdnis <a href="/wiki/Sen%C4%81_%C4%B6%C4%ABna" title="Senā Ķīna">Senajā Ķīnā</a>. Papīra izgatavošana tika turēta noslēpumā vairāk nekā 1000 gadu.<sup id="cite_ref-AIPM_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIPM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eiropā papīra pagatavošanas māksla izplatījās tikai <a href="/wiki/13._gadsimts" title="13. gadsimts">13. gadsimta</a> sākumā; līdz tam laikam tika izmantots <a href="/wiki/Pergaments" title="Pergaments">pergaments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kidipede_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kidipede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tikai 1899. gadā tika patentēta nepārtrauktas darbības <a href="/wiki/Pap%C4%ABra_ma%C5%A1%C4%ABna" title="Papīra mašīna">papīra mašīna</a>. Sākotnēji papīru izgatavoja no <a href="/wiki/Augi" title="Augi">augu</a> šķiedru audumu lupatām, pēc tam iemācījās iegūt lietojamas <a href="/wiki/Celuloze" title="Celuloze">celulozes</a> šķiedras arī no <a href="/wiki/Koks" title="Koks">koka</a>, galvenokārt no <a href="/wiki/Priedes" title="Priedes">priedēm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HowStuffWorks_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HowStuffWorks-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Papīra_ražošana"><span id="Pap.C4.ABra_ra.C5.BEo.C5.A1ana"></span>Papīra ražošana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Papīra ražošana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Papīra ražošana"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Papierproduzenten.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Papierproduzenten.png/200px-Papierproduzenten.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Papierproduzenten.png/300px-Papierproduzenten.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Papierproduzenten.png/400px-Papierproduzenten.png 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption>Lielākās papīra ražotājvalstis ir iekrāsotas tumši sarkanā krāsā</figcaption></figure> <p>Neatkarīgi no <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0%C4%B7iedra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šķiedra (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">šķiedras</a> veida, papīru var izgatavot gan ar rokām, gan ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABra_ra%C5%BEo%C5%A1ana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papīra ražošana (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">speciālām mašīnām</a>. Papīrs galvenokārt sastāv no <a href="/wiki/Celuloze" title="Celuloze">celulozes</a> šķiedrām, kas ir dažus milimetrus līdz pat vairākus centimetrus garas. Papīru izgatavo, sapresējot kopā mitras celulozes šķiedras. Labām papīra šķirnēm pirms presēšanas šķiedras ķīmiski izbalina. Papīra masai mēdz pievienot dažādas līmvielas (piemēram, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolofonijs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolofonijs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kolofoniju</a> vai <a href="/wiki/Paraf%C4%ABns" title="Parafīns">parafīnu</a>), lai šķiedras labāk turētos kopā, kā arī pildvielas (<a href="/wiki/Kr%C4%ABts" title="Krīts">krītu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaol%C4%ABns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaolīns (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kaolīnu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talks" title="Talks">talku</a>), lai papīrs labāk izskatītos un būtu piemērotāks drukāšanai. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Papīra_veidi"><span id="Pap.C4.ABra_veidi"></span>Papīra veidi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Papīra veidi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Papīra veidi"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Papīra veidi ir atkarīgi no izejmateriāla, ražošanas veida, ražošanas aprīkojuma un mērķa, kam tas ir paredzēts. Šeit ir uzskaitīti tikai daži no papīru veidiem: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakst%C4%81mpap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rakstāmpapīrs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">rakstāmpapīrs</a> — viens no izplatītākajiem papīra veidiem; paredzēts galvenokārt rakstīšanai; <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C5%ABti%C5%86u_pap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rūtiņu papīrs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">rūtiņu papīrs</a> — rakstāmpapīrs, uz kura ir savilktas <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C5%ABti%C5%86a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rūtiņa (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">rūtiņas</a>, kuru malu garums parasti ir 0,5 cm;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C4%ABniju_pap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Līniju papīrs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">līniju papīrs</a> — rakstāmpapīrs, uz kura ir savilktas <a href="/wiki/L%C4%ABnija" title="Līnija">līnijas</a>;</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milimetru_pap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milimetru papīrs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">milimetru papīrs</a> — tiek izmantots gadījumos, kad ir nepieciešams veikt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ras%C4%93jums&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rasējums (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">rasējumus</a> vai uzzīmēt citus zīmējumus ar augstu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Precizit%C4%81te&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Precizitāte (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">precizitāti</a>;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatma%C5%86pap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vatmaņpapīrs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">vatmaņpapīrs</a> — augstas kvalitātes papīrs, kas paredzēts rasēšanai;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kreppap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kreppapīrs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kreppapīrs</a> — papīrs, kas atgādina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kreps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kreps (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">krepu</a>, sīkgrubuļainu audumu;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kr%C4%81sainais_pap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krāsainais papīrs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">krāsainais papīrs</a> — izmanto <a href="/wiki/Aplik%C4%81cija" class="mw-redirect" title="Aplikācija">aplikāciju</a> un citu vizuālu darbiņu veidošanā;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kr%C4%ABtpap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krītpapīrs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">krītpapīrs</a> — papīrs ar gludu, īpaši baltu virsmu, kuru parasti izmanto attēlu <a href="/wiki/Iespie%C5%A1ana" title="Iespiešana">iespiešanai</a>;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotopap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotopapīrs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">fotopapīrs</a> — paredzēts <a href="/wiki/Fotoatt%C4%93ls" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotoattēls">fotoattēlu</a> izgatavošanai; <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mat%C4%93ts_pap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matēts papīrs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">matēts papīrs</a> — izmanto, lai fotoattēliem būtu nespodra virsma;</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pergamentpap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pergamentpapīrs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">pergamentpapīrs</a> — ar <a href="/wiki/S%C4%81lssk%C4%81be" title="Sālsskābe">sālsskābi</a> apstrādāts papīrs, kas neuzsūc <a href="/wiki/Tauki" title="Tauki">taukvielas</a> un <a href="/wiki/Mitrums" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitrums">mitrumu</a>;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C4%ABdpap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zīdpapīrs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">zīdpapīrs</a> — plāns un pat caurspīdīgs papīrs.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Papīra_izmantošana"><span id="Pap.C4.ABra_izmanto.C5.A1ana"></span>Papīra izmantošana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: Papīra izmantošana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Papīra izmantošana"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Paper_usage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Paper_usage.jpg/200px-Paper_usage.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Paper_usage.jpg/300px-Paper_usage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Paper_usage.jpg/400px-Paper_usage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1793" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Papīru izmanto kartīšu, vērtspapīru, zīmējumu un citu lietu izgatavošanai</figcaption></figure> <p>Papīra pielietojums: </p> <ul><li>rakstīšanai un drukāšanai (<a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%81mata" title="Grāmata">grāmatas</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDurn%C4%81ls" title="Žurnāls">žurnāli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Av%C4%ABze" class="mw-redirect" title="Avīze">avīzes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burtn%C4%ABca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burtnīca (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">burtnīcas</a> utt.);</li> <li>kā virsma zīmēšanai;</li> <li>kā apdares materiāls (<a href="/wiki/Tapetes" title="Tapetes">tapetes</a>);</li> <li>dažādu figūru izgatavošana, izmantojot locīšanu (<a href="/wiki/Origami" title="Origami">origami</a>);</li> <li>iepakojums, iesaiņošana (konfekšu papīrīši, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maiss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maiss (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">maisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaste" title="Kaste">kastes</a>);</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filtr%C4%93%C5%A1ana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filtrēšana (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">filtrēšana</a>;</li> <li>izolators papīra <a href="/wiki/Kondensators" title="Kondensators">kondensatoru</a> ražošanā;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indikators" class="mw-redirect" title="Indikators">indikatora</a> papīrs, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smil%C5%A1pap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smilšpapīrs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">smilšpapīrs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tualete" title="Tualete">tualetes</a> papīrs u.c.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skatīt_arī"><span id="Skat.C4.ABt_ar.C4.AB"></span>Skatīt arī</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļu: Skatīt arī" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Skatīt arī"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pap%C4%ABra_lapas_form%C4%81ts" title="Papīra lapas formāts">Papīra lapas formāts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartons" title="Kartons">Kartons</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atsauces">Atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kidipede-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kidipede_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kidipede_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kidipede_1-2">1,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110810183120/http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/literature/paper.htm">«History of Paper»</a> (angliski). Kidipede History for Kids. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/literature/paper.htm">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2011-08-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: <span class="nowrap">2011-07-19</span></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AIPM-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AIPM_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Sast. Dina Nātiņa, Indra Andersone, Inta Kalniņa; māksl. Uldis Baltuts. <i>Atklājumi, izgudrojumi, pieņēmumi, mīklas Mūsu ēra</i>. Rīga : Avots, 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9984757595" title="Special:BookSources/9984757595">9984757595</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HowStuffWorks-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HowStuffWorks_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/question16.htm">«How many sheets of paper can be produced from a single tree?»</a> (angliski). HowStuffWorks<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: <span class="nowrap">2011-07-19</span></span>.</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ārējās_saites"><span id=".C4.80r.C4.93j.C4.81s_saites"></span>Ārējās saites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļu: Ārējās saites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pap%C4%ABrs&action=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ārējās saites"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vikikr%C4%81tuve" title="Vikikrātuve">Vikikrātuvē</a> par šo tēmu ir pieejami <a href="/wiki/Multivides" title="Multivides">multivides</a> faili. Skatīt: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Paper" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Paper">Papīrs</a></b></i>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/paper"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigenc.ru/c/bumaga-7facca">Krievijas Lielās enciklopēdijas raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(krieviski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/papier/"><i>Encyclopædia Universalis</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(franciski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/nauka_i_tehnika/tehnologiya_i_promyshlennost/BUMAGA_I_PROCHIE_PISCHIE_MATERIALI.html">Enciklopēdijas <i>Krugosvet</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(krieviski)</span></li> <li><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112075649/http://www.kew.org/collections/ecbot/collections/topic/paper/index.html">«Paper»</a> (angliski). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/collections/ecbot/collections/topic/paper/index.html">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2012. gada 12. janvārī<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2011. gada 19. jūlijā</span>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation web">Artūrs Kokorēvičs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110428103058/http://www.ligatne.lv/uploads/filedir/Latvijas%20papirrupniecibas%20vestures_1.pdf">«Latvijas papīrrūpniecības vēsture»</a> (latviski). Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ligatne.lv/uploads/filedir/Latvijas%20papirrupniecibas%20vestures_1.pdf">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2011. gada 28. aprīlī<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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