Longitudinal proteomic analysis of severe COVID-19 reveals survival-associated signatures, tissue-specific cell death, and cell-cell interactions

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We analyze several thousand plasma proteins longitudinally in 306 COVID-19 patients and 78 symptomatic controls, uncovering immune and non-immune proteins linked to COVID-19. 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We analyze several thousand plasma proteins longitudinally in 306 COVID-19 patients and 78 symptomatic controls, uncovering immune and non-immune proteins linked to COVID-19. 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We analyze several thousand plasma proteins longitudinally in 306 COVID-19 patients and 78 symptomatic controls, uncovering immune and non-immune proteins linked to COVID-19. Deconvolution of our plasm …"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg">  <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/opensearch.xml" title="PubMed search">  <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/core/no-script.css"> </noscript> <meta name="citation_title" content="Longitudinal proteomic analysis of severe COVID-19 reveals survival-associated signatures, tissue-specific cell death, and cell-cell interactions"> <meta name="citation_authors" content="Filbin MR;Mehta A;Schneider AM;Kays KR;Guess JR;Gentili M;Fenyves BG;Charland NC;Gonye ALK;Gushterova I;Khanna HK;LaSalle TJ;Lavin-Parsons KM;Lilley BM;Lodenstein CL;Manakongtreecheep K;Margolin JD;McKaig BN;Rojas-Lopez M;Russo BC;Sharma N;Tantivit J;Thomas MF;Gerszten RE;Heimberg GS;Hoover PJ;Lieb DJ;Lin B;Ngo D;Pelka K;Reyes M;Smillie CS;Waghray A;Wood TE;Zajac AS;Jennings LL;Grundberg I;Bhattacharyya RP;Parry BA;Villani AC;Sade-Feldman M;Hacohen N;Goldberg MB;"> <meta name="citation_date" content="05/18/2021"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Cell Rep Med"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Cell reports. 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new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="v5LE0zc8KMnMIabqgEVIOtc2bAn8yGnwo6lRp0zQKNvdU6jYpVLyhpSnSweSY0Rk"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="v5LE0zc8KMnMIabqgEVIOtc2bAn8yGnwo6lRp0zQKNvdU6jYpVLyhpSnSweSY0Rk"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="v5LE0zc8KMnMIabqgEVIOtc2bAn8yGnwo6lRp0zQKNvdU6jYpVLyhpSnSweSY0Rk"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="v5LE0zc8KMnMIabqgEVIOtc2bAn8yGnwo6lRp0zQKNvdU6jYpVLyhpSnSweSY0Rk"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="33969320"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666-3791(21)00115-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=3048&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=33969320&db=pubmed&nlmid=101766894" title="See full text options at Elsevier Science" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="Elsevier Science" data-ga-label="33969320" ><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-images-elsevieroa.png" alt="full text provider logo"><span class="text"> Elsevier Science </span></a><a class="link-item pmc " href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/33969320/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=33969320&db=pubmed&nlmid=101766894" title="Free full text at PubMed Central" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMC" data-ga-label="33969320" ><span class="text"> Free PMC article 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data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false" data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F33969320%2F%23open-collections-dialog" data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog" class="dialog collections-dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="v5LE0zc8KMnMIabqgEVIOtc2bAn8yGnwo6lRp0zQKNvdU6jYpVLyhpSnSweSY0Rk"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" 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Medicine"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Cell+Rep+Med%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Cell+Rep+Med%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=Cell Rep Med" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Cell Rep Med"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Cell+Rep+Med%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Cell Rep Med"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Cell Rep Med"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Cell Rep Med"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2021 May 18;2(5):100287.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100287. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2021 May 3. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Longitudinal proteomic analysis of severe COVID-19 reveals survival-associated signatures, tissue-specific cell death, and cell-cell interactions </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Filbin+MR&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Michael R Filbin">Michael R Filbin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mehta+A&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Arnav Mehta">Arnav Mehta</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Schneider+AM&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alexis M Schneider">Alexis M Schneider</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kays+KR&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kyle R Kays">Kyle R Kays</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Guess+JR&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jamey R Guess">Jamey R Guess</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Olink Proteomics, Watertown, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gentili+M&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Matteo Gentili">Matteo Gentili</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Fenyves+BG&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bánk G Fenyves">Bánk G Fenyves</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary." href="#full-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 9 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Charland+NC&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nicole C Charland">Nicole C Charland</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gonye+ALK&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Anna L K Gonye">Anna L K Gonye</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gushterova+I&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Irena Gushterova">Irena Gushterova</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Khanna+HK&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Hargun K Khanna">Hargun K Khanna</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=LaSalle+TJ&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Thomas J LaSalle">Thomas J LaSalle</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lavin-Parsons+KM&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kendall M Lavin-Parsons">Kendall M Lavin-Parsons</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lilley+BM&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Brendan M Lilley">Brendan M Lilley</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lodenstein+CL&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Carl L Lodenstein">Carl L Lodenstein</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Manakongtreecheep+K&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kasidet Manakongtreecheep">Kasidet Manakongtreecheep</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Margolin+JD&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Justin D Margolin">Justin D Margolin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=McKaig+BN&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Brenna N McKaig">Brenna N McKaig</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Rojas-Lopez+M&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Maricarmen Rojas-Lopez">Maricarmen Rojas-Lopez</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Russo+BC&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Brian C Russo">Brian C Russo</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Sharma+N&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nihaarika Sharma">Nihaarika Sharma</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Tantivit+J&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jessica Tantivit">Jessica Tantivit</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Thomas+MF&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Molly F Thomas">Molly F Thomas</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 14 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gerszten+RE&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Robert E Gerszten">Robert E Gerszten</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="CardioVascular Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-15" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 15 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Heimberg+GS&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Graham S Heimberg">Graham S Heimberg</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hoover+PJ&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Paul J Hoover">Paul J Hoover</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-16" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 16 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lieb+DJ&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David J Lieb">David J Lieb</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lin+B&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Brian Lin">Brian Lin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-17" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 17 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ngo+D&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Debby Ngo">Debby Ngo</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-18" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 18 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Pelka+K&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Karin Pelka">Karin Pelka</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Reyes+M&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Miguel Reyes">Miguel Reyes</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Smillie+CS&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christopher S Smillie">Christopher S Smillie</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Waghray+A&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Avinash Waghray">Avinash Waghray</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-17" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 17 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wood+TE&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Thomas E Wood">Thomas E Wood</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zajac+AS&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Amanda S Zajac">Amanda S Zajac</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Jennings+LL&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lori L Jennings">Lori L Jennings</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-19" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 19 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Grundberg+I&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ida Grundberg">Ida Grundberg</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Olink Proteomics, Watertown, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Bhattacharyya+RP&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Roby P Bhattacharyya">Roby P Bhattacharyya</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Parry+BA&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Blair Alden Parry">Blair Alden Parry</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Villani+AC&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alexandra-Chloé Villani">Alexandra-Chloé Villani</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Sade-Feldman+M&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Moshe Sade-Feldman">Moshe Sade-Feldman</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hacohen+N&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nir Hacohen">Nir Hacohen</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Goldberg+MB&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Marcia B Goldberg">Marcia B Goldberg</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-20" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 20 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/33969320/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3" id="full-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4" id="full-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-5" id="full-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-6" id="full-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-7" id="full-view-affiliation-7" ><sup class="key">7</sup> Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-8" id="full-view-affiliation-8" ><sup class="key">8</sup> Olink Proteomics, Watertown, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-9" id="full-view-affiliation-9" ><sup class="key">9</sup> Department of Emergency Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-10" id="full-view-affiliation-10" ><sup class="key">10</sup> Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-11" id="full-view-affiliation-11" ><sup class="key">11</sup> Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-12" id="full-view-affiliation-12" ><sup class="key">12</sup> Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-13" id="full-view-affiliation-13" ><sup class="key">13</sup> Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-14" id="full-view-affiliation-14" ><sup class="key">14</sup> Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-15" id="full-view-affiliation-15" ><sup class="key">15</sup> CardioVascular Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-16" id="full-view-affiliation-16" ><sup class="key">16</sup> Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-17" id="full-view-affiliation-17" ><sup class="key">17</sup> Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-18" id="full-view-affiliation-18" ><sup class="key">18</sup> Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-19" id="full-view-affiliation-19" ><sup class="key">19</sup> Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-20" id="full-view-affiliation-20" ><sup class="key">20</sup> Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">33969320</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC8091031&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8091031/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC8091031 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100287&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100287" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100287 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> Longitudinal proteomic analysis of severe COVID-19 reveals survival-associated signatures, tissue-specific cell death, and cell-cell interactions </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Michael R Filbin</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Cell Rep Med<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <time class="citation-year" datetime="2021">2021</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/33969320/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Display options </div> <div class="content"> <div class="format-container"> <span class="option-label"> Format </span> <select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="mobile-display-format"> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="pubmed">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="full-article-details" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="short-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="Cell reports. 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Medicine"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Cell+Rep+Med%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Cell+Rep+Med%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=Cell Rep Med" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Cell Rep Med"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Cell+Rep+Med%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Cell Rep Med"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Cell Rep Med"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Cell Rep Med"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2021 May 18;2(5):100287.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100287. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2021 May 3. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Filbin+MR&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Michael R Filbin">Michael R Filbin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Mehta+A&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Arnav Mehta">Arnav Mehta</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Schneider+AM&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alexis M Schneider">Alexis M Schneider</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kays+KR&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kyle R Kays">Kyle R Kays</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Guess+JR&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jamey R Guess">Jamey R Guess</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Olink Proteomics, Watertown, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gentili+M&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Matteo Gentili">Matteo Gentili</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Fenyves+BG&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bánk G Fenyves">Bánk G Fenyves</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary." href="#short-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 9 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Charland+NC&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nicole C Charland">Nicole C Charland</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gonye+ALK&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Anna L K Gonye">Anna L K Gonye</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gushterova+I&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Irena Gushterova">Irena Gushterova</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Khanna+HK&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Hargun K Khanna">Hargun K Khanna</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=LaSalle+TJ&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Thomas J LaSalle">Thomas J LaSalle</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lavin-Parsons+KM&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kendall M Lavin-Parsons">Kendall M Lavin-Parsons</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lilley+BM&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Brendan M Lilley">Brendan M Lilley</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lodenstein+CL&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Carl L Lodenstein">Carl L Lodenstein</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Manakongtreecheep+K&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Kasidet Manakongtreecheep">Kasidet Manakongtreecheep</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Margolin+JD&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Justin D Margolin">Justin D Margolin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=McKaig+BN&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Brenna N McKaig">Brenna N McKaig</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Rojas-Lopez+M&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Maricarmen Rojas-Lopez">Maricarmen Rojas-Lopez</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Russo+BC&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Brian C Russo">Brian C Russo</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Sharma+N&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nihaarika Sharma">Nihaarika Sharma</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Tantivit+J&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jessica Tantivit">Jessica Tantivit</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Thomas+MF&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Molly F Thomas">Molly F Thomas</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 14 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gerszten+RE&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Robert E Gerszten">Robert E Gerszten</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="CardioVascular Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-15" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 15 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Heimberg+GS&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Graham S Heimberg">Graham S Heimberg</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hoover+PJ&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Paul J Hoover">Paul J Hoover</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-16" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 16 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lieb+DJ&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David J Lieb">David J Lieb</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lin+B&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Brian Lin">Brian Lin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-17" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 17 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ngo+D&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Debby Ngo">Debby Ngo</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-18" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 18 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Pelka+K&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Karin Pelka">Karin Pelka</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Reyes+M&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Miguel Reyes">Miguel Reyes</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Smillie+CS&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christopher S Smillie">Christopher S Smillie</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Waghray+A&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Avinash Waghray">Avinash Waghray</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-17" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 17 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wood+TE&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Thomas E Wood">Thomas E Wood</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zajac+AS&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Amanda S Zajac">Amanda S Zajac</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Jennings+LL&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lori L Jennings">Lori L Jennings</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-19" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 19 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Grundberg+I&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ida Grundberg">Ida Grundberg</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Olink Proteomics, Watertown, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Bhattacharyya+RP&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Roby P Bhattacharyya">Roby P Bhattacharyya</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Parry+BA&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Blair Alden Parry">Blair Alden Parry</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Villani+AC&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Alexandra-Chloé Villani">Alexandra-Chloé Villani</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Sade-Feldman+M&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Moshe Sade-Feldman">Moshe Sade-Feldman</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hacohen+N&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Nir Hacohen">Nir Hacohen</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Goldberg+MB&cauthor_id=33969320" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Marcia B Goldberg">Marcia B Goldberg</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-20" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 20 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4" id="short-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5" id="short-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-6" id="short-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-7" id="short-view-affiliation-7" ><sup class="key">7</sup> Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-8" id="short-view-affiliation-8" ><sup class="key">8</sup> Olink Proteomics, Watertown, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-9" id="short-view-affiliation-9" ><sup class="key">9</sup> Department of Emergency Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-10" id="short-view-affiliation-10" ><sup class="key">10</sup> Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-11" id="short-view-affiliation-11" ><sup class="key">11</sup> Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-12" id="short-view-affiliation-12" ><sup class="key">12</sup> Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-13" id="short-view-affiliation-13" ><sup class="key">13</sup> Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-14" id="short-view-affiliation-14" ><sup class="key">14</sup> Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-15" id="short-view-affiliation-15" ><sup class="key">15</sup> CardioVascular Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-16" id="short-view-affiliation-16" ><sup class="key">16</sup> Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-17" id="short-view-affiliation-17" ><sup class="key">17</sup> Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-18" id="short-view-affiliation-18" ><sup class="key">18</sup> Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-19" id="short-view-affiliation-19" ><sup class="key">19</sup> Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-20" id="short-view-affiliation-20" ><sup class="key">20</sup> Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">33969320</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC8091031&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8091031/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC8091031 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100287&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100287" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100287 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/33969320/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/33969320/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> Mechanisms underlying severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease remain poorly understood. We analyze several thousand plasma proteins longitudinally in 306 COVID-19 patients and 78 symptomatic controls, uncovering immune and non-immune proteins linked to COVID-19. Deconvolution of our plasma proteome data using published scRNA-seq datasets reveals contributions from circulating immune and tissue cells. Sixteen percent of patients display reduced inflammation yet comparably poor outcomes. Comparison of patients who died to severely ill survivors identifies dynamic immune-cell-derived and tissue-associated proteins associated with survival, including exocrine pancreatic proteases. Using derived tissue-specific and cell-type-specific intracellular death signatures, cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, and our data, we infer whether organ damage resulted from direct or indirect effects of infection. We propose a model in which interactions among myeloid, epithelial, and T cells drive tissue damage. These datasets provide important insights and a rich resource for analysis of mechanisms of severe COVID-19 disease. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> ARDS; COVID-19 severity; T cell activation; acute respiratory distress syndrome; death versus survival; intracellular death signatures; longitudinal; lung epithelial cells; lung monocyte/macrophages; pancreatic exocrine proteases; plasma proteomics. </p> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> © 2021 The Authors. </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">A.M. is a consultant for Third Rock Ventures. J.R.G. and I. Gushterova are employees of Olink Proteomics. G.S.H. is an employee of Genentech (as of November 2020). L.L.J. is an employee and stockholder of Novartis. N.H. holds equity in BioNTech and is a consultant for Related Sciences.</p> </div> </div> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="captionless-figure"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18a5/8149474/c4766a89ceab/fx1.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="664" data-image-height="664" data-image-alt="captionless-figure" data-pmc-id="PMC8091031" data-figure-id="undfig1"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18a5/8149474/32b861e72ec8/fx1.gif" alt="None" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="664"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="664"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Graphical abstract </p> </strong> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Graphical abstract </p> </strong> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Graphical abstract </strong> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="1" data-label-slug="figure-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18a5/8149474/a8abde1695a4/gr1.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-1" role="button" data-image-width="719" data-image-height="924" data-image-alt="Figure 1" data-pmc-id="PMC8091031" data-figure-id="fig1"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-1" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18a5/8149474/12de560c870e/gr1.gif" alt="Figure 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="719"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="924"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> SARS-CoV-2 infection induces viral response… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> SARS-CoV-2 infection induces viral response and IFN-pathway proteins detected in patient plasma (A)… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 1 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">SARS-CoV-2 infection induces viral response and IFN-pathway proteins detected in patient plasma (A) Schematic of study cohort: 306 COVID-19-infected patients and 78 symptomatic COVID-19<sup>−</sup> controls. Inclusion criteria are indicated. Shown are maximal acuity level within 28 days (Acuity<sub>max</sub>) for COVID-19-infected patients (A1, most severe; A5, least severe), N, proportion of patients, and severe versus non-severe group. (B) Schematic of study methodology. (C–E) Differentially expressed proteins by COVID-19 status. Linear model fitting each Olink protein, with COVID-19 status as a main effect and putative confounders as covariates (see STAR Methods). p values calculated to account for false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05, Benjamini-Hochberg method. (C) Heatmap of top 200 differentially expressed proteins between COVID-19<sup>+</sup> and COVID-19<sup>−</sup> patients. Each row represents the expression of an individual protein over the entire cohort; each cell represents the <i>Z</i> score of protein expression for all measurements across a row. COVID-19 signature scores calculated by taking the mean <i>Z</i> score of the top 25 differentially expressed proteins in COVID-19<sup>+</sup> patients minus the top 25 differentially expressed proteins in COVID-19<sup>−</sup> patients. (D) Volcano plot of differentially expressed proteins based on mean normalized protein expression (NPX) values between COVID-19<sup>+</sup> and COVID-19<sup>−</sup> patients. Blue circles, significantly differentially expressed proteins. All of the proteins are shown. (E) Boxplots of select differentially expressed viral response and interferon (IFN) pathway proteins (from D), including IFN-γ, DDX58 (or RIG-I), IFN-λ1, and chemokines CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL7, CCL16, and CCL24. (F) Inference of cell of origin by mapping gene expression of differentially expressed plasma proteins elevated in COVID-19<sup>+</sup> versus COVID-19<sup>−</sup> patients in a scRNA-seq peripheral blood cell COVID-19 dataset. Heatmaps of mean expression of COVID-19-related proteins (y axis) in immune cell subtypes (x axis). gd T cells, γδ T cells; pDCs, plasmacytoid dendritic cells. See also Figures S1–S3 and S5 and Tables S1 and S2.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="2" data-label-slug="figure-2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18a5/8149474/11cf5f5269ba/gr2.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-2" role="button" data-image-width="783" data-image-height="1039" data-image-alt="Figure 2" data-pmc-id="PMC8091031" data-figure-id="fig2"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-2" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18a5/8149474/1918d02f01a5/gr2.gif" alt="Figure 2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="783"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1039"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Plasma proteomic biomarkers and predictors… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Plasma proteomic biomarkers and predictors of disease severity (A) Pairwise correlation heatmap of… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 2 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Plasma proteomic biomarkers and predictors of disease severity (A) Pairwise correlation heatmap of clinically annotated variables for COVID-19<sup>+</sup> patients showing correlations having p < 0.05. (B) Unsupervised clustering by uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) for COVID-19<sup>+</sup> patients, color-coded (left to right) by day of sample collection (D0, D3, D7), Acuity<sub>max</sub> by D28, severity, age decile, gender, and ethnicity. E, event-driven samples (see STAR Methods). (C) Linear mixed model fitting each Olink protein, with severity, time point, and the interaction of the 2 terms as main effects and putative confounders as covariates (see STAR Methods). Heatmap of significant differentially expressed proteins between severe and non-severe patients at D0. Significance of the 3 model terms determined with an F test, Satterthwaite degrees of freedom, and type III sum of squares. p values for the 3 model terms of interest calculated to account for FDR < 0.05 using the Benjamini-Hochberg method for multiple hypothesis correction. Group differences calculated for each significant protein; p values adjusted using Tukey method. (D) Linear mixed model fitting each Olink protein, with severity, time point, and the interaction of the 2 terms as main effects and putative confounders as covariates (see STAR Methods). Volcano plots of differentially expressed proteins between severe and non-severe COVID-19<sup>+</sup> patients by time point, with number (N) indicated. Blue circles, proteins that are significantly differentially expressed. All of the proteins are shown. (E) Distribution of patient samples by acuity level on day of collection and as a function of time. N, number of individual patient samples. (F) Point range plots over time of selected set of proteins significant for interaction term in the model described in (D), color-coded by disease severity. (G) Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of predictive performance of an elastic net logistic regression classifier of disease severity, for Olink proteins of each patient at D0. Performance was evaluated using 100 repeats of 5-fold cross-validation. Mean area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Neutralization, virus neutralization activity by plasma. See also Figures S2–S5 and Table S2.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="3" data-label-slug="figure-3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18a5/8149474/b6aaf797a336/gr3.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-3" role="button" data-image-width="739" data-image-height="738" data-image-alt="Figure 3" data-pmc-id="PMC8091031" data-figure-id="fig3"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-3" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18a5/8149474/afdb64ec8b1f/gr3.gif" alt="Figure 3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="739"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="738"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Predictors of neutralization and its… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Predictors of neutralization and its association with disease severity and age (A) Boxplot… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 3 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Predictors of neutralization and its association with disease severity and age (A) Boxplot of SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudovirus neutralization levels for COVID-19<sup>−</sup> and COVID-19<sup>+</sup> patients at D0. Box edges, interquartile range (IQR); middle line, median. (B) Point-range plots of neutralization levels in non-severe and severe COVID-19<sup>+</sup> patients over time. Color-coding by neutralization level at D3, grouped into 0%–25%, 25%–50%, 50%–75%, and 75%–100%. (C) Proportion of patients with neutralization levels as in (B), over time and by severity level. (D) Boxplots of neutralization levels in non-severe and severe patients over time. Box edges, IQR; middle line, median. (E) Scatterplot of the correlation of age with rate of change in neutralization level over time in A2 (left) and A1 (right) patients. Rate of change is the negative of the regression line slope through log2(fold change) in GFP levels at each time point compared to controls. (F) Proportion of patients aged £65 years (left) or >65 years (right) achieving neutralization titers of ³50% (blue) or 75% (orange) at D3. Error bars, 95% CI of proportion. (G) Lasso regression model for prediction of D3 neutralization level (above or below 75%) using Olink plasma proteins at D0 across all COVID-19<sup>+</sup> patients. Prediction performed with 5-fold cross-validation over 100 iterations; AUC 0.83 (95% CI 0.80–0.85). (H) Heatmap of Olink plasma protein expression of each of the top selected features from the predictor in (G) that did not overlap with the top severity-associated proteins from the linear mixed model (see STAR Methods). (I) Volcano plot of differentially expressed proteins based on mean NPX values between high and low viral neutralization titers (>0.75 versus <0.75) across COVID-19<sup>+</sup> patients. Blue circles, significantly differentially expressed proteins. All of the proteins are shown. See also Tables S2 and S5.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="4" data-label-slug="figure-4"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18a5/8149474/2934a7f86c5a/gr4.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-4" role="button" data-image-width="739" data-image-height="672" data-image-alt="Figure 4" data-pmc-id="PMC8091031" data-figure-id="fig4"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-4" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18a5/8149474/ad6115ab17c8/gr4.gif" alt="Figure 4" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="739"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="672"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 4 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Patients with ARDS who survive… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 4 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Patients with ARDS who survive display reduced inflammatory markers and increased anti-inflammatory pancreatic… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 4 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Patients with ARDS who survive display reduced inflammatory markers and increased anti-inflammatory pancreatic proteases (A) Differentially expressed proteins at day 7 between patients who had Acuity<sub>max</sub> of A1 (death) versus A2 (ARDS but survived). Linear mixed model fitting each Olink protein, with Acuity<sub>max</sub>, time point, and the interaction between the 2 terms as main effects. Covariates and statistical analysis as in Figure 2C. (B) Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival of patients stratified by higher or lower than median expression of indicated proteins from (A). (C and D) Point-range plots for select proteins from (A) with positive (C) or negative (D) NPX differences. See also Table S3.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="5" data-label-slug="figure-5"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18a5/8149474/77f38366d1c5/gr5.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-5" role="button" data-image-width="755" data-image-height="691" data-image-alt="Figure 5" data-pmc-id="PMC8091031" data-figure-id="fig5"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-5" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18a5/8149474/4299aff5d107/gr5.gif" alt="Figure 5" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="755"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="691"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 5 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Severe COVID-19 <sup> + </sup> patients display… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 5 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Severe COVID-19 <sup> + </sup> patients display elevated plasma markers of cell death from heart,… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 5 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Severe COVID-19<sup>+</sup> patients display elevated plasma markers of cell death from heart, lung, and skeletal muscle (A) Expression of tissue-specific plasma protein signatures in non-severe versus severe patients at each time point. (B) Scatterplot of the correlation of the D0 plasma heart signature as derived in (A) with D0 clinical troponin measurements. (C) Kaplan-Meier curve of overall survival of patients with high or low expression (above or below median expression level) of the derived plasma heart signature in (A). (D) Heatmap of mean gene expression per cell type of severity-associated intracellular plasma proteins at D0 derived from SomaScan data that map to scRNA-seq of BAL fluid, with TMPRSS2 and ACE2 expression indicated. (E and F) Scatterplots of the difference between severe and non-severe patients of lung (E) and heart (F) cell-specific intracellular death scores, derived from expression of differentially expressed proteins at each time point versus cell-type-specific ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression levels from scRNA-seq of BAL fluid (E) or heart single-nucleus RNA-seq data (F). AT2, alveolar type 2 epithelial cells. See also Figures S5–S7, and Tables S6 and S7.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="6" data-label-slug="figure-6"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18a5/8149474/664180fbf4d6/gr6.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-6" role="button" data-image-width="739" data-image-height="825" data-image-alt="Figure 6" data-pmc-id="PMC8091031" data-figure-id="fig6"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-6" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18a5/8149474/01a299caa84e/gr6.gif" alt="Figure 6" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="739"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="825"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 6 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Interactions among lung epithelial cells,… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 6 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Interactions among lung epithelial cells, monocytes, and T cells drive disease severity and… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 6 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Interactions among lung epithelial cells, monocytes, and T cells drive disease severity and tissue damage (A) Heatmap of the total number of ligand-receptor interactions at D0 and D3 inferred from BAL fluid scRNA-seq data using only ligands differentially expressed in the plasma of severe versus non-severe COVID-19<sup>+</sup> patients. (B) Heatmap of fold change from D0 to D3 in the number of ligand-receptor interactions between each cell type identified from BAL fluid scRNA-seq data. (C) Ligand-receptor contact map between D0 severity-associated ligands expressed by lung epithelial cells per BAL fluid scRNA-seq data (left) and the respective receptors for these ligands with their cell-specific expression from the same BAL dataset (right). (D) Ligand-receptor contact map between receptors expressed on lung epithelial cells in BAL fluid (right) and their respective severity-associated plasma ligands from our data (left). Ligand-receptor pairs are those for which the ligand was significantly associated with severity at D0. (E) Ligand-receptor contact map between ligands expressed on monocytes/macrophages in BAL fluid scRNA-seq data (left) and the respective receptors for these ligands with their cell-specific expression from the same BAL dataset (right). (F) As in (D), but ligand-receptor pairs selected for receptors expressed on T cells in BAL fluid. In (C)–(F), each cell in the heatmaps represents expression of the listed ligand or protein relative to its expression across all cell types. Ligands and receptors are color-coded (vertical color bar) by the cell type that demonstrates their highest expression. Ligand-receptor pairs and their connecting lines are color-coded by time point (D3 only, or both D0 and D3) at which the interaction was present. Key to cell type color-coding applies to (C)–(F). Trm, resident memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells; DC, dendritic cell; Mon-derived mac, monocyte-derived macrophages; mac, macrophages; Tfh, T follicular helper cell; Tregs, regulatory T cells. See also Figures S5–S7, and Tables S2 and S4.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="7" data-label-slug="figure-7"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18a5/8149474/56408864a98b/gr7.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-7" role="button" data-image-width="739" data-image-height="397" data-image-alt="Figure 7" data-pmc-id="PMC8091031" data-figure-id="fig7"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-7" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/18a5/8149474/a31871e4799e/gr7.gif" alt="Figure 7" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="739"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="397"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 7 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Model of contributions to the… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 7 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Model of contributions to the plasma proteome from circulating immune cells (primarily monocytes,… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-7" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 7 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Model of contributions to the plasma proteome from circulating immune cells (primarily monocytes, plasmablasts, CD8<sup>+</sup> T, NK cells) and damaged tissues Temporally ordered interaction network between monocyte/macrophages, T cells, and lung epithelial cells that drives disease severity.</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="see-all actions-bar"> <button class="show-more" aria-controls="slides-container" data-ga-category="figure" data-ga-action="show_all"> All figures (8) </button> </div>  <div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-image-gallery-uid="article-figures" aria-label="Figures Dialog">  <div class="pswp__bg"></div>  <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div>  <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar">  <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom 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