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href="#Commandments_text_and_numbering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Commandments text and numbering </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Commandments_text_and_numbering-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Commandments text and numbering subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Commandments_text_and_numbering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religious_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Religious traditions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Categorization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Categorization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Categorization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Categorization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Religious interpretations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religious_interpretations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Religious interpretations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Religious_interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Judaism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Two_tablets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_tablets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Two tablets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two_tablets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_Jewish_ritual" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_Jewish_ritual"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.2 Use in Jewish ritual </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_Jewish_ritual-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samaritan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samaritan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.3 Samaritan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samaritan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Christianity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-References_in_the_New_Testament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_in_the_New_Testament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 References in the New Testament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_in_the_New_Testament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglicanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglicanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 Anglicanism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglicanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baptists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baptists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.3 Baptists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baptists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catholicism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholicism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.4 Catholicism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholicism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lutheranism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lutheranism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.5 Lutheranism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lutheranism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methodist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methodist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.6 Methodist </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methodist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orthodox" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthodox"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.7 Orthodox </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orthodox-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pentecostalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pentecostalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.8 Pentecostalism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pentecostalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presbyterianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presbyterianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.9 Presbyterianism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presbyterianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protestantism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protestantism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.10 Protestantism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protestantism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.11 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Moses_and_the_Tablets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moses_and_the_Tablets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Moses and the Tablets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moses_and_the_Tablets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classical_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2 Classical views </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.3 Other views </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_points_of_interpretative_difference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_points_of_interpretative_difference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Main points of interpretative difference </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_points_of_interpretative_difference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sabbath_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sabbath_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.1 Sabbath day </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sabbath_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Killing_or_murder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Killing_or_murder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.2 Killing or murder </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Killing_or_murder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.3 Theft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idolatry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idolatry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.4 Idolatry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idolatry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adultery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adultery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.5 Adultery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adultery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_historical_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_historical_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Critical historical analysis </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Critical_historical_analysis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Critical historical analysis subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Critical_historical_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_theories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_theories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Early theories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century_discussion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century_discussion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 20th century discussion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century_discussion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century_scholarship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century_scholarship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 21st century scholarship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century_scholarship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Ritual_Decalogue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Ritual_Decalogue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 The Ritual Decalogue </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Ritual_Decalogue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_importance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_importance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Political importance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_importance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_debate_over_display_on_public_property" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_debate_over_display_on_public_property"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 United States debate over display on public property </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-United_States_debate_over_display_on_public_property-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle United States debate over display on public property subsection </button> <ul id="toc-United_States_debate_over_display_on_public_property-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_public_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_public_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 In public schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_public_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Cultural references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ten Commandments</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 117 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-117" aria-hidden="true" > 117 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tien_Gebooie" title="Tien Gebooie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tien Gebooie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%B5%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B1_%E1%89%83%E1%88%8B%E1%89%B5" title="አስርቱ ቃላት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አስርቱ ቃላት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="الوصايا العشر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الوصايا العشر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A5%DC%A3%DC%AA%DC%90_%DC%A6%DC%98%DC%A9%DC%95%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܥܣܪܐ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܥܣܪܐ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diez_Mandamientos" title="Diez Mandamientos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Diez Mandamientos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tup%C3%A3_oheja_%C3%B1and%C3%A9ve_pa_porokuait%C3%A1va" title="Tupã oheja ñandéve pa porokuaitáva – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tupã oheja ñandéve pa porokuaitáva" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_q%C3%BCsurlu_h%C9%99r%C9%99k%C9%99t" title="On qüsurlu hərəkət – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="On qüsurlu hərəkət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1" title="اون امر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اون امر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6" title="দশ প্রত্যাদেশ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দশ প্রত্যাদেশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha%CC%8Dp-ti%C3%A2u-k%C3%A0i" title="Cha̍p-tiâu-kài – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cha̍p-tiâu-kài" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Ун шарт – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ун шарт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8C_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Дзесяць запаведзей – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дзесяць запаведзей" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%9E" title="Дзесяць прыказаньняў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дзесяць прыказаньняў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Sampolong_Togon_nin_Diyos" title="An Sampolong Togon nin Diyos – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="An Sampolong Togon nin Diyos" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Десетте Божи заповеди – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Десетте Божи заповеди" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deset_Bo%C5%BEijih_zapovijedi" title="Deset Božijih zapovijedi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Deset Božijih zapovijedi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dek_Gourc%27hemenn" title="Dek Gourc'hemenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dek Gourc'hemenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deu_manaments" title="Deu manaments – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Deu manaments" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napulo_ka_Sugo" title="Napulo ka Sugo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Napulo ka Sugo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desatero" title="Desatero – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Desatero" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirairo_gumi_yaMwari" title="Mirairo gumi yaMwari – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mirairo gumi yaMwari" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_10_bud" title="De 10 bud – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="De 10 bud" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zehn_Gebote" title="Zehn Gebote – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zehn Gebote" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCmme_k%C3%A4sku" title="Kümme käsku – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kümme käsku" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%B1_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%82" title="Δέκα εντολές – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δέκα εντολές" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Кемень меремат – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кемень меремат" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diez_Mandamientos" title="Diez Mandamientos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Diez Mandamientos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Dekalogo" title="La Dekalogo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La Dekalogo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamar_Aginduak" title="Hamar Aginduak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hamar Aginduak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ده فرمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ده فرمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9calogue" title="Décalogue – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Décalogue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsien_Geboaden" title="Tsien Geboaden – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tsien Geboaden" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AEs_Comandaments" title="Dîs Comandaments – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Dîs Comandaments" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deich_nAitheanta" title="Deich nAitheanta – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Deich nAitheanta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dez_mandamentos" title="Dez mandamentos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dez mandamentos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%B9%B3%CC%8Dp-thi%C3%A0u_Kie-min" title="Sṳ̍p-thiàu Kie-min – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sṳ̍p-thiàu Kie-min" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%AD%EA%B3%84%EB%AA%85" title="십계명 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="십계명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokokin_nan_goma" title="Dokokin nan goma – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Dokokin nan goma" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1" title="Տասնաբանյա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տասնաբանյա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="दस धर्मादेश – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दस धर्मादेश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deset_Bo%C5%BEjih_zapovijedi" title="Deset Božjih zapovijedi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Deset Božjih zapovijedi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepuluh_Perintah_Allah" title="Sepuluh Perintah Allah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sepuluh Perintah Allah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dece_commandamentos" title="Dece commandamentos – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Dece commandamentos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imithetho_elishumi" title="Imithetho elishumi – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Imithetho elishumi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C3%B0or%C3%B0in_t%C3%ADu" title="Boðorðin tíu – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Boðorðin tíu" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieci_comandamenti" title="Dieci comandamenti – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dieci comandamenti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="עשרת הדיברות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עשרת הדיברות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ათი მცნება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ათი მცნება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekalog" title="Dekalog – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Dekalog" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Dek_Aradow" title="An Dek Aradow – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="An Dek Aradow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amri_Kumi" title="Amri Kumi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Amri Kumi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emr%C3%AAn_Mezin" title="Emrên Mezin – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Emrên Mezin" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decalogus" title="Decalogus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Decalogus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmit_bau%C5%A1%C4%BCi" title="Desmit baušļi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Desmit baušļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%C5%A1imt_Dievo_%C4%AFsakym%C5%B3" title="Dešimt Dievo įsakymų – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dešimt Dievo įsakymų" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulu_Goroisa" title="Fulu Goroisa – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Fulu Goroisa" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%A8n_Gebode" title="Tièn Gebode – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tièn Gebode" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decaloga" title="Decaloga – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Decaloga" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADzparancsolat" title="Tízparancsolat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tízparancsolat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%98%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Десет Божји заповеди – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Десет Божји заповеди" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didy_Folo" title="Didy Folo – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Didy Folo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="പത്ത് കൽപ്പനകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പത്ത് കൽപ്പനകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%A7axar_Kmandamenti" title="Għaxar Kmandamenti – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Għaxar Kmandamenti" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ture_tekau" title="Ture tekau – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ture tekau" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ვითი დოჩინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვითი დოჩინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%87" title="الوصايا العشره – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الوصايا العشره" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepuluh_Rukun" title="Sepuluh Rukun – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sepuluh Rukun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%95k_G%C3%A1i" title="Sĕk Gái – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sĕk Gái" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8" title="ပညတ်တော်ဆယ်ပါး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပညတ်တော်ဆယ်ပါး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_Vunau_e_Tini" title="Na Vunau e Tini – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Na Vunau e Tini" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tien_geboden" title="Tien geboden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tien geboden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BB%E3%81%AE%E5%8D%81%E6%88%92" title="モーセの十戒 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モーセの十戒" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_ti_bud" title="De ti bud – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="De ti bud" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dei_ti_bodorda" title="Dei ti bodorda – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dei ti bodorda" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decal%C3%B2g" title="Decalòg – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Decalòg" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrlar,_o%E2%80%99n_amr" title="Amrlar, o’n amr – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amrlar, o’n amr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="دس گلاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دس گلاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dies_Mandamentu" title="Dies Mandamentu – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Dies Mandamentu" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_Cmandmints" title="10 Cmandmints – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="10 Cmandmints" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekalog" title="Dekalog – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dekalog" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dez_Mandamentos" title="Dez Mandamentos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dez Mandamentos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cele_zece_porunci" title="Cele zece porunci – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cele zece porunci" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunkantin_Kamachiykuna" title="Chunkantin Kamachiykuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chunkantin Kamachiykuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Десять заповедей – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Десять заповедей" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%8B-%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8_(%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC,_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Уон ыйыы-кэрдии (иудаизм, христианство) – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Уон ыйыы-кэрдии (иудаизм, христианство)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_Sufulu_%27Upu" title="E Sufulu 'Upu – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="E Sufulu 'Upu" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deghe_cumandamentos" title="Deghe cumandamentos – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Deghe cumandamentos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhjet%C3%AB_Urdh%C3%ABresat" title="Dhjetë Urdhëresat – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dhjetë Urdhëresat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%83_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%AD" title="දස පණත – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දස පණත" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ten Commandments" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desatoro" title="Desatoro – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Desatoro" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deset_Bo%C5%BEjih_zapovedi" title="Deset Božjih zapovedi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Deset Božjih zapovedi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%98%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Десет Божјих заповести – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Десет Божјих заповести" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deset_zapovijedi" title="Deset zapovijedi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Deset zapovijedi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kymmenen_k%C3%A4sky%C3%A4" title="Kymmenen käskyä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kymmenen käskyä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_tio_budorden" title="De tio budorden – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="De tio budorden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampung_Utos_ng_Diyos" title="Sampung Utos ng Diyos – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sampung Utos ng Diyos" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பத்துக் கட்டளைகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பத்துக் கட்டளைகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD_%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ун әмер – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ун әмер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9E%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="పది ఆజ్ఞలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పది ఆజ్ఞలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4_10_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="บัญญัติ 10 ประการ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บัญญัติ 10 ประการ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Emir" title="On Emir – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="On Emir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ncam_Swak_na" title="Ncam Swak na – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ncam Swak na" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Десять заповідей – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Десять заповідей" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D8%AD%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85" title="دس احکام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دس احکام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B2" title="ئون پەرھىز – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئون پەرھىز" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieze_comandaminti" title="Dieze comandaminti – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Dieze comandaminti" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCmne_k%C3%A4sk%C3%B6d" title="Kümne käsköd – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kümne käsköd" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_%C4%91i%E1%BB%81u_r%C4%83n" title="Mười điều răn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mười điều răn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napulo_nga_ubos" title="Napulo nga ubos – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Napulo nga ubos" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%AF%AB" title="十诫 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="十诫" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="עשרת הדיברות – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עשרת הדיברות" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92fin_M%E1%BA%B9%CC%81w%C3%A0%C3%A1" title="Òfin Mẹ́wàá – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Òfin Mẹ́wàá" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%AA%A1" title="十誡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="十誡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Em%C4%B1ri" title="Des Emıri – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Des Emıri" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%C5%A1im_Dieva_isak%C4%ABmu" title="Dešim Dieva isakīmu – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dešim Dieva isakīmu" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%AA%A1" title="十誡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="十誡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Decalogue" redirects here. 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:auto; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding:0.3em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ten_Commandments" title="Category:Ten Commandments">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size: 145%; background-color:#cdf; padding:0.3em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ten Commandments</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:MCC-31231_Mozes_toont_de_wetstafelen_(1).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/MCC-31231_Mozes_toont_de_wetstafelen_%281%29.tif/lossy-page1-144px-MCC-31231_Mozes_toont_de_wetstafelen_%281%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/MCC-31231_Mozes_toont_de_wetstafelen_%281%29.tif/lossy-page1-216px-MCC-31231_Mozes_toont_de_wetstafelen_%281%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/MCC-31231_Mozes_toont_de_wetstafelen_%281%29.tif/lossy-page1-288px-MCC-31231_Mozes_toont_de_wetstafelen_%281%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3216" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:1.0em 0.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_am_the_Lord_thy_God" title="I am the Lord thy God">I am the LORD thy God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_have_no_other_gods_before_me" title="Thou shalt have no other gods before me">No other gods before me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_make_unto_thee_any_graven_image" title="Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image">No graven images or likenesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_take_the_name_of_the_Lord_thy_God_in_vain" title="Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain">Not take the LORD's name in vain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remember_the_sabbath_day,_to_keep_it_holy" title="Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy">Remember the sabbath day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour_thy_father_and_thy_mother" title="Honour thy father and thy mother">Honour thy father and thy mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_kill" title="Thou shalt not kill">Thou shalt not kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_commit_adultery" title="Thou shalt not commit adultery">Thou shalt not commit adultery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_steal" title="Thou shalt not steal">Thou shalt not steal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_bear_false_witness_against_thy_neighbour" title="Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour">Thou shalt not bear false witness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_covet" title="Thou shalt not covet">Thou shalt not covet</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #cdf"> Related articles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:1.0em 0.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_Decalogue" title="Ritual Decalogue">Ritual Decalogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_of_God" title="Finger of God">Finger of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_(Bible)" title="Mount Sinai (Bible)">Mount Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">In Catholic theology</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding:0 0.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ten_Commandments_series" title="Template:Ten Commandments series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ten_Commandments_series" title="Template talk:Ten Commandments series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ten_Commandments_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ten Commandments series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:0001_FL9694984.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image of the 1675 Ten Commandments at the Amsterdam Esnoga synagogue produced on parchment in 1778 by Jekuthiel Sofer, a prolific Jewish eighteenth-century scribe in Amsterdam. The Hebrew words are in two columns separated between, and surrounded by, ornate flowery patterns." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/0001_FL9694984.jpg/220px-0001_FL9694984.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/0001_FL9694984.jpg/330px-0001_FL9694984.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/0001_FL9694984.jpg/440px-0001_FL9694984.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5597" data-file-height="6695" /></a><figcaption>This 1768 <a href="/wiki/Parchment" title="Parchment">parchment</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jekuthiel_Sofer" title="Jekuthiel Sofer">Jekuthiel Sofer</a> emulated the 1675 Ten Commandments at the <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Esnoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsterdam Esnoga">Amsterdam Esnoga</a> <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a></figcaption></figure> The Ten Commandments (<a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Hebrew language">Biblical Hebrew</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style>עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים‎, romanized: ʿĂsereṯ haDəḇārīm, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'The Ten Words'), or the Decalogue (from <a href="/wiki/Latin_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Language">Latin</a> decalogus, from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> δεκάλογος, dekálogos, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'ten words'), are religious and ethical directives, structured as a covenant document, that, according to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, are given by <a href="/wiki/YHWH" class="mw-redirect" title="YHWH">YHWH</a> to <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>. The text of the Ten Commandments was dynamic in ancient Israel and appears in three markedly distinct versions in the Bible:<a href="#cite_note-Coo2014-1">[1]</a> at <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0220.htm#2">20:2–17</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0505.htm#6">5:6–21</a>, and the "<a href="/wiki/Ritual_Decalogue" title="Ritual Decalogue">Ritual Decalogue</a>" of Exodus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0234.htm#11">34:11–26</a>. According to the Book of Exodus in the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>, the Ten Commandments were revealed to <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_(Bible)" title="Mount Sinai (Bible)">Mount Sinai</a>, told by Moses to the Israelites in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bible.com/bible/114/EXO.19.25.NKJV">Exodus 19:25</a> and inscribed by the <a href="/wiki/Finger_of_God" title="Finger of God">finger of God</a> on two <a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">tablets of stone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Scholars disagree about when the Ten Commandments were written and by whom, with some modern scholars drawing comparisons between the Decalogue and <a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian">Mesopotamian</a> laws and treaties.<a href="#cite_note-Rom-Shiloni-3">[3]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4Q41_2_cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The second of two parchment sheets making up 4Q41, it contains Deuteronomy 5:1–6:1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/4Q41_2_cropped.png/320px-4Q41_2_cropped.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/4Q41_2_cropped.png/480px-4Q41_2_cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/4Q41_2_cropped.png/640px-4Q41_2_cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="2252" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption>Part of the <a href="/wiki/All_Souls_Deuteronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="All Souls Deuteronomy">All Souls Deuteronomy</a>, containing the oldest extant copy of the Decalogue. It is dated to the early <a href="/wiki/Herodian_dynasty" title="Herodian dynasty">Herodian</a> period, between 30 and 1 BC.</figcaption></figure> The Ten Commandments, called <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095">עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים‎ (<a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">transliterated</a> aséret haddevarím) in <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical Hebrew</a>, are mentioned at <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0234.htm#28">34:28</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ex34-28-4">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0504.htm#13">4:13</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0510.htm#4">10:4</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> In all sources, the terms are translatable as "the ten words", "the ten sayings", or "the ten matters".<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Mishnaic_Hebrew" title="Mishnaic Hebrew">Mishnaic Hebrew</a> they are called עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְּרוֹת, aséret haddiberót, a precise equivalent.<a href="#cite_note-8">[a]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> translation of the Hebrew Bible, the phrase was translated as δεκάλογος, dekálogos or "ten words"; this Greek word became decalogus in <a href="/wiki/Latin_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Language">Latin</a>, which entered the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> as "Decalogue", providing an alternative name for the Ten Commandments.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tyndale_Bible" title="Tyndale Bible">Tyndale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coverdale_Bible" title="Coverdale Bible">Coverdale</a> English biblical translations used "ten verses". The <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Bible" title="Geneva Bible">Geneva Bible</a> used "ten commandments", which was followed by the <a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_Bible" title="Bishops' Bible">Bishops' Bible</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Authorized_King_James_Version" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorized King James Version">Authorized Version</a> (the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">"King James" version</a>) as "ten commandments". Most major English versions use the word "commandments".<a href="#cite_note-ex34-28-4">[4]</a> The stone tablets, as opposed to the ten commandments inscribed on them, are called <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095">לוּחוֹת הַבְּרִית‎, lukhót habberít "tablets of the <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_covenant" title="Mosaic covenant">covenant</a>", or לֻחֹת הָעֵדֻת, lukhot ha'edut "tablets of the testimony". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biblical_narrative">Biblical narrative</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biblical narrative">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Giving_of_the_Law.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/The_Giving_of_the_Law.jpg/220px-The_Giving_of_the_Law.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/The_Giving_of_the_Law.jpg/330px-The_Giving_of_the_Law.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/The_Giving_of_the_Law.jpg/440px-The_Giving_of_the_Law.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1477" data-file-height="2066" /></a><figcaption>1896 illustration depicting Moses receiving the commandments</figcaption></figure> The biblical narrative of the revelation at Sinai begins in Exodus 19 after the arrival of the children of Israel at <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Mount_Sinai" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a> (also called <a href="/wiki/Mount_Horeb" title="Mount Horeb">Horeb</a>). On the morning of the third day of their encampment, "there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of the trumpet exceeding loud", and the people assembled at the base of the mount. After "the LORD<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> came down upon mount Sinai", <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> went up briefly and returned to prepare the people, and then in Exodus 20 "God spoke" to all the people the words of the covenant, that is, the "ten commandments"<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> as it is written. Modern biblical scholarship differs as to whether <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2019–20&version=nrsv">Exodus 19–20</a> describes the people of Israel as having directly heard all or some of the decalogue, or whether the laws are only passed to them through Moses.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> The people were afraid to hear more and moved "afar off", and Moses responded with "Fear not." Nevertheless, he drew near the "thick darkness" where "the presence of the Lord" was<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> to hear the additional statutes and "judgments",<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> all which he "wrote"<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> in the "<a href="/wiki/Covenant_Code" title="Covenant Code">book of the covenant</a>"<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> which he read to the people the next morning, and they agreed to be obedient and do all that the LORD had said. Moses escorted a select group consisting of <a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nadab_and_Abihu" title="Nadab and Abihu">Nadab and Abihu</a>, and "seventy of the elders of Israel" to a location on the mount where they worshipped "afar off"<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> and they "saw the God of Israel" above a "paved work" like clear sapphire stone.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">And the LORD said unto Moses, Come up to me into the mount, and be there: and I will give thee tablets of stone, and a law, and commandments which I have written; that thou mayest teach them. 13 And Moses rose up, and his minister Joshua: and Moses went up into the mount of God.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>First mention of the tablets in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2024:12–13&version=nrsv">Exodus 24:12–13</a></cite></div></blockquote> The mount was covered by the cloud for six days, and on the seventh day Moses went into the midst of the cloud and was "in the mount <a href="/wiki/Forty_days_and_forty_nights" class="mw-redirect" title="Forty days and forty nights">forty days and forty nights</a>."<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> And Moses said, "the LORD delivered unto me two tablets of stone written with the <a href="/wiki/Finger_of_God" title="Finger of God">finger of God</a>; and on them was written according to all the words, which the LORD spake with you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly."<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> Before the full forty days expired, the children of Israel collectively decided that something had happened to Moses, and compelled Aaron to fashion a <a href="/wiki/Golden_calf" title="Golden calf">golden calf</a>, and he "built an altar before it"<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> and the people "worshipped" the calf.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rembrandt_-_Moses_with_the_Ten_Commandments_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="This is an image of an oil on canvas picture by Rembrandt (1659) of a bearded man representing Moses with two tablets of stone of the ten commandments held high in both hands." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Rembrandt_-_Moses_with_the_Ten_Commandments_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Rembrandt_-_Moses_with_the_Ten_Commandments_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Rembrandt_-_Moses_with_the_Ten_Commandments_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Rembrandt_-_Moses_with_the_Ten_Commandments_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Rembrandt_-_Moses_with_the_Ten_Commandments_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Rembrandt_-_Moses_with_the_Ten_Commandments_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4990" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moses_Breaking_the_Tablets_of_the_Law" title="Moses Breaking the Tablets of the Law">Moses Breaking the Tablets of the Law</a> (1659) by <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a></figcaption></figure> After the full forty days, Moses and Joshua came down from the mountain with the <a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">tablets of stone</a>: "And it came to pass, as soon as he came nigh unto the camp, that he saw the calf, and the dancing: and Moses' anger waxed hot, and he cast the tablets out of his hands, and brake them beneath the mount."<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> After the events in chapters 32 and 33, the LORD told Moses, "Hew thee two tablets of stone like unto the first: and I will write upon these tablets the words that were in the first tablets, which thou brakest."<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> "And he wrote on the tablets, according to the first writing, the ten commandments, which the LORD spake unto you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly: and the LORD gave them unto me."<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> These tablets were later placed in the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commandments_text_and_numbering">Commandments text and numbering</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Commandments text and numbering">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_traditions">Religious traditions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Religious traditions">edit</a>]</div> Although both the <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> have the passages of Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5 divided into ten specific commandments formatted with space between them corresponding to the Lutheran counting in the chart below,<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> many <a href="/wiki/Modern_English_Bible_translations" title="Modern English Bible translations">Modern English Bible translations</a> give the appearance of more than ten imperative statements in each passage. Different religious traditions categorize the seventeen verses of Exodus 20:1–17<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> and their parallels in Deuteronomy 5:4–21<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> into ten commandments in different ways as shown in the table. Some suggest that the number ten is a choice to aid memorization rather than a matter of theology.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Block-32">[31]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>The Ten Commandments </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Septuagint">LXX</abbr> </th> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Philo">P</abbr> </th> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Reformed Christianity">R</abbr> </th> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Talmud">T</abbr> </th> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Samaritan">S</abbr> </th> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Augustine">A</abbr> </th> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Catholicism">C</abbr> </th> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Lutheranism">L</abbr> </th> <th rowspan="2">Commandment (<a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">KJV</a>) </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#20:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Exodus 20:1–17</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Deuteronomy#5:4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy 5:4–21</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Verses</th> <th>Text</th> <th>Verses</th> <th>Text </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td style="background:#f99;">(0) </td> <td style="background:#f99;">1 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td style="background:#f99;">1 </td> <td>— </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/I_am_the_Lord_thy_God" title="I am the Lord thy God">I am the Lord thy God</a> </td> <td>2</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-I_am_the_Lord-33">[32]</a> </td> <td>6</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-I_am_the_Lord-33">[32]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="background:#f99;">1 </td> <td style="background:#f99;">1 </td> <td style="background:#f99;">1 </td> <td style="background:#fc9;">2 </td> <td style="background:#f99;">1 </td> <td style="background:#f99;">1 </td> <td style="background:#f99;">1 </td> <td style="background:#f99;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_have_no_other_gods_before_me" title="Thou shalt have no other gods before me">Thou shalt have no other gods before me</a> </td> <td>3</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-No_other_gods-34">[33]</a> </td> <td>7</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-No_other_gods-34">[33]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="background:#fc9;">2 </td> <td style="background:#fc9;">2 </td> <td style="background:#fc9;">2 </td> <td style="background:#fc9;">2 </td> <td style="background:#f99;">1 </td> <td style="background:#f99;">1 </td> <td style="background:#f99;">1 </td> <td style="background:#f99;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_make_unto_thee_any_graven_image" title="Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image">Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image</a> </td> <td>4–6</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Dont_make_carved_image-35">[34]</a> </td> <td>8–10</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Dont_make_carved_image-35">[34]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="background:#ff9;">3 </td> <td style="background:#ff9;">3 </td> <td style="background:#ff9;">3 </td> <td style="background:#ff9;">3 </td> <td style="background:#fc9;">2 </td> <td style="background:#fc9;">2 </td> <td style="background:#fc9;">2 </td> <td style="background:#fc9;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_take_the_name_of_the_Lord_thy_God_in_vain" title="Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain">Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain</a> </td> <td>7</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Dont_take_the_name-36">[35]</a> </td> <td>11</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Dont_take_the_name-36">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="background:#cf9;">4 </td> <td style="background:#cf9;">4 </td> <td style="background:#cf9;">4 </td> <td style="background:#cf9;">4 </td> <td style="background:#ff9;">3 </td> <td style="background:#ff9;">3 </td> <td style="background:#ff9;">3 </td> <td style="background:#ff9;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Remember_the_sabbath_day,_to_keep_it_holy" title="Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy">Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy</a> </td> <td>8–11</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="background:#cf9;">4 </td> <td style="background:#cf9;">4 </td> <td style="background:#cf9;">4 </td> <td style="background:#cf9;">4 </td> <td style="background:#ff9;">3 </td> <td style="background:#ff9;">3 </td> <td style="background:#ff9;">3 </td> <td style="background:#ff9;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Remember_the_sabbath_day,_to_keep_it_holy" title="Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy">Observe the sabbath day, to keep it holy</a> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>12–15</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="background:#9fa;">5 </td> <td style="background:#9fa;">5 </td> <td style="background:#9fa;">5 </td> <td style="background:#9fa;">5 </td> <td style="background:#cf9;">4 </td> <td style="background:#cf9;">4 </td> <td style="background:#cf9;">4 </td> <td style="background:#cf9;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Honour_thy_father_and_thy_mother" title="Honour thy father and thy mother">Honour thy father and thy mother</a> </td> <td>12</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> </td> <td>16</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="background:#9ff;">6 </td> <td style="background:#b9f;">8 </td> <td style="background:#9ff;">6 </td> <td style="background:#9ff;">6 </td> <td style="background:#9fa;">5 </td> <td style="background:#9fa;">5 </td> <td style="background:#9fa;">5 </td> <td style="background:#9fa;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_murder" class="mw-redirect" title="Thou shalt not murder">Thou shalt not murder</a> </td> <td>13</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-You_shall_not_murder-41">[40]</a> </td> <td>17</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-You_shall_not_murder-41">[40]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="background:#9cf;">7 </td> <td style="background:#9ff;">6 </td> <td style="background:#9cf;">7 </td> <td style="background:#9cf;">7 </td> <td style="background:#9ff;">6 </td> <td style="background:#9ff;">6 </td> <td style="background:#9ff;">6 </td> <td style="background:#9ff;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_commit_adultery" title="Thou shalt not commit adultery">Thou shalt not commit adultery</a> </td> <td>14</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> </td> <td>18</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="background:#b9f;">8 </td> <td style="background:#9cf;">7 </td> <td style="background:#b9f;">8 </td> <td style="background:#b9f;">8 </td> <td style="background:#9cf;">7 </td> <td style="background:#9cf;">7 </td> <td style="background:#9cf;">7 </td> <td style="background:#9cf;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_steal" title="Thou shalt not steal">Thou shalt not steal</a> </td> <td>15</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> </td> <td>19</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="background:#f9f;">9 </td> <td style="background:#f9f;">9 </td> <td style="background:#f9f;">9 </td> <td style="background:#f9f;">9 </td> <td style="background:#b9f;">8 </td> <td style="background:#b9f;">8 </td> <td style="background:#b9f;">8 </td> <td style="background:#b9f;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_bear_false_witness_against_thy_neighbour" title="Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour">Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour</a> </td> <td>16</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> </td> <td>20</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9f;">9 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9f;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_covet" title="Thou shalt not covet">Thou shalt not covet</a> thy neighbour's house </td> <td>17a</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9f;">9 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9f;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_covet" title="Thou shalt not covet">Thou shalt not desire</a> thy neighbour's house </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td>21b</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9f;">9 </td> <td style="background:#f9f;">9 </td> <td style="background:#f9f;">9 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife </td> <td>17b</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> </td> <td>21a</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9f;">9 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">or his slaves, or his animals, or anything of thy neighbour </td> <td>17c</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> </td> <td>21c</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td style="background:#f9a;">10 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td style="text-align:left;">You shall set up these stones, which I command you today, on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Aargaareezem</a>. (Tsedaka) </td> <td>14c</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> </td> <td>18c</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Categorization">Categorization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Categorization">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Book_of_Exodus#Exodus_20" title="Textual variants in the Book of Exodus">Textual variants in the Book of Exodus § Exodus 20</a>, <a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Book_of_Exodus#Exodus_34" title="Textual variants in the Book of Exodus">Textual variants in the Book of Exodus § Exodus 34</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Hebrew_Bible#Deuteronomy_5" title="Textual variants in the Hebrew Bible">Textual variants in the Hebrew Bible § Deuteronomy 5</a></div> There are two major approaches to categorizing the commandments. One approach distinguishes the prohibition against other gods (verse 3) from the prohibition against images (verses 4–6): <ul><li>LXX: <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> (3rd century BC), generally followed by <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Christians</a>.</li> <li>P: <a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a> (1st century), has an extensive homily explaining the order, with the prohibition on adultery "the greatest of the commands dealing with persons", followed by the prohibitions against stealing and then killing.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a></li> <li>R: <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed Christian">Reformed Christians</a> follow <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">Calvin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Institutes_of_the_Christian_Religion" title="Institutes of the Christian Religion">Institutes</a> (1536) which follows the Septuagint; this system is also in the <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a></li></ul> Another approach combines verses 3–6, the prohibition against images and the prohibition against other gods, into a single command while still maintaining ten commandments. <a href="/wiki/Samaritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan">Samaritan</a> and Jewish traditions include another commandment, whereas Christian traditions will divide coveting the neighbor's wife and house. <ul><li>T: Jewish <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 200 CE), makes the "prologue" the first "saying" or "matter."</li> <li>S: <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a> (c. 120 BCE), contains additional instruction to Moses about making a <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">sacrifice</a> to Yahweh, which Samaritans regard as the 10th commandment.</li> <li>A: <a href="/wiki/Augustine" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustine">Augustine</a> (4th century), follows the Talmud in combining verses 3–6, but omits the prologue as a commandment and divides the prohibition on coveting into two commandments, following the word order of Deuteronomy 5:21 rather than Exodus 20:17.</li> <li>C: <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a> largely follows Augustine, which was reiterated in the <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a> (1992) changing "the sabbath" into "the lord's day" and dividing Exodus 20:17, prohibiting covetousness, into two commandments.</li> <li>L: <a href="/wiki/Lutherans" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutherans">Lutherans</a> follow <a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_Large_Catechism" title="Luther's Large Catechism">Luther's Large Catechism</a> (1529), which follows Augustine and Roman Catholic tradition but subordinates the prohibition of images to the sovereignty of God in the First Commandment<a href="#cite_note-LC-59">[58]</a> and uses the word order of Exodus 20:17 rather than Deuteronomy 5:21 for the ninth and tenth commandments.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_interpretations">Religious interpretations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religious interpretations">edit</a>]</div> The Ten Commandments concern matters of fundamental importance in Judaism and Christianity: the greatest obligation (to worship only God), the greatest injury to a person (murder), the greatest injury to family bonds (adultery), the greatest injury to commerce and law (bearing false witness), the greatest inter-generational obligation (honour to parents), the greatest obligation to community (truthfulness), the greatest injury to movable property (theft).<a href="#cite_note-Huffmon-60">[59]</a> The Ten Commandments are written with room for varying interpretation, reflecting their role as a summary of fundamental principles.<a href="#cite_note-Block-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Huffmon-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miller-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Milgrom-62">[61]</a> They are not as explicit<a href="#cite_note-Huffmon-60">[59]</a> or as detailed as rules<a href="#cite_note-Barclay-63">[62]</a> or as many other biblical laws and commandments, because they provide guiding principles that apply universally, across changing circumstances. They do not specify punishments for their violation. Their precise import must be worked out in each separate situation.<a href="#cite_note-Barclay-63">[62]</a> The Bible indicates the special status of the Ten Commandments among all other <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> laws in several ways: <ul><li>They have a uniquely terse style.<a href="#cite_note-ODay-64">[63]</a></li> <li>Of all the biblical laws and commandments, the Ten Commandments alone<a href="#cite_note-ODay-64">[63]</a> are said to have been "written with the finger of God" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2031:18&version=nrsv">Exodus 31:18</a>).</li> <li>The stone tablets were placed in the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2025:21&version=nrsv">Exodus 25:21</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Deuteronomy%2010:2&version=nrsv">Deuteronomy 10:2,5</a>).<a href="#cite_note-ODay-64">[63]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Judaism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Law_given_to_Moses_at_Sinai" title="Law given to Moses at Sinai">Law given to Moses at Sinai</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:10Commandments.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/10Commandments.jpg/220px-10Commandments.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/10Commandments.jpg/330px-10Commandments.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/10Commandments.jpg/440px-10Commandments.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1112" data-file-height="1672" /></a><figcaption>The Ten Commandments as they appear in a Torah scroll</figcaption></figure> The Ten Commandments form the basis of <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Jewish Rabbinic law</a>,<a href="#cite_note-solomon-65">[64]</a> stating God's universal and timeless standard of right and wrong – unlike the rest of the <a href="/wiki/613_commandments" title="613 commandments">613 commandments</a> which Jewish interpretative tradition claims are in the Torah, which include, for example, various duties and ceremonies such as various halachich <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kashrut</a> dietary laws, and the rituals to be performed by priests in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Temple">Holy Temple</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dosick-66">[65]</a> Jewish tradition considers the Ten Commandments the theological basis for the rest of the commandments. <a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a>, in his four-book work The Special Laws, treated the Ten Commandments as headings under which he discussed other related commandments.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> Similarly, in The Decalogue he stated that "under [the "commandment… against adulterers"] many other commands are conveyed by implication, such as that against seducers, that against practisers of unnatural crimes, that against all who live in debauchery, that against all men who indulge in illicit and incontinent connections."<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> Others, such as Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Saadia_Gaon" title="Saadia Gaon">Saadia Gaon</a>, have also made groupings of the commandments according to their links with the Ten Commandments.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a> Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ginzberg" title="Louis Ginzberg">Louis Ginzberg</a>, Ten Commandments are virtually entwined, in that the breaking of one leads to the breaking of another. Echoing an earlier rabbinic comment found in the commentary of Rashi to the Songs of Songs (4:5) Ginzberg explained—there is also a great bond of union between the first five commandments and the last five. The first commandment: "I am the Lord, thy God," corresponds to the sixth: "Thou shalt not kill," for the murderer slays the image of God. The second: "Thou shalt have no strange gods before me," corresponds to the seventh: "Thou shalt not commit adultery," for conjugal faithlessness is as grave a sin as idolatry, which is faithlessness to God. The third commandment: "Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord in vain," corresponds to the eighth: "Thou shalt not steal," for stealing results in a false oath in God's name. The fourth: "Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy," corresponds to the ninth: "Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor," for he who bears false witness against his neighbor commits as grave a sin as if he had borne false witness against God, saying that He had not created the world in six days and rested on the seventh day (the holy Sabbath). The fifth commandment: "Honor thy father and thy mother," corresponds to the tenth: "Covet not thy neighbor's wife," for one who indulges this lust produces children who will not honor their true father, but will consider a stranger their father.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> The traditional Rabbinical Jewish belief is that the observance of these commandments and the other mitzvot are required solely of the Jewish people and that the laws incumbent on humanity in general are outlined in the seven <a href="/wiki/Noahide_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Noahide laws">Noahide laws</a>, a concept that is not found anywhere in the Tanakh, several of which overlap with the Ten Commandments. In the era of the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a> transgressing any one of six of the Ten Commandments theoretically carried the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a>, the exceptions being the First Commandment, honouring your father and mother, saying God's name in vain, and coveting, though this was rarely enforced due to a large number of stringent evidentiary requirements imposed by the <a href="/wiki/Oral_Torah" title="Oral Torah">oral law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Two_tablets">Two tablets</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Two tablets">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a></div> The arrangement of the commandments on the two tablets is interpreted in different ways in the classical Jewish tradition. Rabbi Hanina ben Gamaliel says that each tablet contained five commandments, "but the Sages say ten on one tablet and ten on the other", that is, that the tablets were duplicates.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> This can be compared to diplomatic treaties of the ancient Near East, in which a copy was made for each party.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, the compendium of traditional <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbinic Jewish">Rabbinic Jewish</a> law, tradition, and interpretation, one interpretation of the biblical verse "the tablets were written on both their sides",<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> is that the carving went through the full thickness of the tablets, yet was miraculously legible from both sides.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Use_in_Jewish_ritual">Use in Jewish ritual</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Use in Jewish ritual">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5493_-_Venezia_-_Ghetto_Nuovo_-_Negozio_ebraico_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto,_1-Aug-2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/5493_-_Venezia_-_Ghetto_Nuovo_-_Negozio_ebraico_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_1-Aug-2008.jpg/220px-5493_-_Venezia_-_Ghetto_Nuovo_-_Negozio_ebraico_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_1-Aug-2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/5493_-_Venezia_-_Ghetto_Nuovo_-_Negozio_ebraico_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_1-Aug-2008.jpg/330px-5493_-_Venezia_-_Ghetto_Nuovo_-_Negozio_ebraico_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_1-Aug-2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/5493_-_Venezia_-_Ghetto_Nuovo_-_Negozio_ebraico_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_1-Aug-2008.jpg/440px-5493_-_Venezia_-_Ghetto_Nuovo_-_Negozio_ebraico_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_1-Aug-2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="1221" /></a><figcaption>The Ten Commandments on a glass plate</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Mishna" class="mw-redirect" title="Mishna">Mishna</a> records that during the period of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a>, the Ten Commandments were recited daily,<a href="#cite_note-Glustrom-76">[75]</a> before the reading of the <a href="/wiki/Shema_Yisrael" class="mw-redirect" title="Shema Yisrael">Shema Yisrael</a> (as preserved, for example, in the <a href="/wiki/Nash_Papyrus" title="Nash Papyrus">Nash Papyrus</a>, a Hebrew manuscript fragment from 150 to 100 BC found in Egypt, containing a version of the Ten Commandments and the beginning of the Shema); but that this practice was abolished in the synagogues so as not to give ammunition to heretics who claimed that they were the only important part of Jewish law,<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> or to dispel a claim by early Christians that only the Ten Commandments were handed down at Mount Sinai rather than the whole Torah.<a href="#cite_note-Glustrom-76">[75]</a> In later centuries rabbis continued to omit the Ten Commandments from daily liturgy in order to prevent confusion among Jews that they are only bound by the Ten Commandments, and not also by many other biblical and Talmudic laws, such as the requirement to observe holy days other than the sabbath.<a href="#cite_note-Glustrom-76">[75]</a> However, some rabbinic authorities still recommend reading the Ten Commandments privately as part of unscheduled, non-communal prayer.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> The Ten Commandments are included in some prayerbooks for this purpose.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> Today, the Ten Commandments are heard in the synagogue three times a year: as they come up during the readings of Exodus and Deuteronomy, and during the festival of <a href="/wiki/Shavuot" title="Shavuot">Shavuot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Glustrom-76">[75]</a> The Exodus version is read in <a href="/wiki/Parasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasha">parashat</a> <a href="/wiki/Yitro" title="Yitro">Yitro</a> around late January–February, and on the festival of Shavuot, and the Deuteronomy version in parashat <a href="/wiki/Va%27etchanan" title="Va'etchanan">Va'etchanan</a> in August–September. In some traditions, worshipers rise for the reading of the Ten Commandments to highlight their special significance<a href="#cite_note-Glustrom-76">[75]</a> though many rabbis, including <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>, have opposed this custom since one may come to think that the Ten Commandments are more important than the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Mitzvot" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitzvot">Mitzvot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> In printed <a href="/wiki/Chumash_(Judaism)" title="Chumash (Judaism)">Chumashim</a>, as well as in those in manuscript form, the Ten Commandments carry two sets of <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_cantillation" title="Hebrew cantillation">cantillation</a> marks. The ta'am 'elyon (upper accentuation), which makes each Commandment into a separate verse, is used for public Torah reading, while the ta'am tachton (lower accentuation), which divides the text into verses of more even length, is used for private reading or study. The verse numbering in Jewish Bibles follows the ta'am tachton. In Jewish Bibles the references to the Ten Commandments are therefore <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2020:2–14&version=nrsv">Exodus 20:2–14</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Deuteronomy%205:6–18&version=nrsv">Deuteronomy 5:6–18</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Samaritan">Samaritan</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Samaritan">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a> varies in the Ten Commandments passages, both in that the Samaritan Deuteronomical version of the passage is much closer to that in Exodus, and in that Samaritans count as nine commandments what others count as ten. The Samaritan tenth commandment is on the sanctity of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a>. The text of the Samaritan tenth commandment follows:<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">And it shall come to pass when the Lord thy God will bring thee into the land of the Canaanites whither thou goest to take possession of it, thou shalt erect unto thee large stones, and thou shalt cover them with lime, and thou shalt write upon the stones all the words of this Law, and it shall come to pass when ye cross the Jordan, ye shall erect these stones which I command thee upon Mount Gerizim, and thou shalt build there an altar unto the Lord thy God, an altar of stones, and thou shalt not lift upon them iron, of perfect stones shalt thou build thine altar, and thou shalt bring upon it burnt offerings to the Lord thy God, and thou shalt sacrifice peace offerings, and thou shalt eat there and rejoice before the Lord thy God. That mountain is on the other side of the Jordan at the end of the road towards the going down of the sun in the land of the Canaanites who dwell in the Arabah facing Gilgal close by Elon Moreh facing Shechem.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Christianity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_the_Old_Covenant" title="Christian views on the Old Covenant">Christian views on the Old Covenant</a></div> Most traditions of Christianity hold that the Ten Commandments have divine authority and continue to be valid, though they have different interpretations and uses of them.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Constitutions" title="Apostolic Constitutions">Apostolic Constitutions</a>, which implore believers to "always remember the ten commands of God," reveal the importance of the Decalogue in the <a href="/wiki/Early_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Church">early Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Roberts2007-86">[85]</a> Through most of Christian history the decalogue was considered a summary of God's law and standard of behaviour, central to Christian life, piety, and worship.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> Distinctions in the order and importance of said order continues to be a theological debate,<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> with texts within the New Testament <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Romans%2013:9&version=nrsv">Romans 13:9</a> confirming the more traditional ordering, which follows the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> of adultery, murder and theft, as opposed to the currently held order of the <a href="/wiki/Masoretic" class="mw-redirect" title="Masoretic">Masoretic</a> of murder, adultery, theft. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_in_the_New_Testament">References in the New Testament</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References in the New Testament">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Matthew_5#Antitheses" title="Matthew 5">Matthew 5 § Antitheses</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moses_and_Aaron_with_the_10_Commandments_1674.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Moses_and_Aaron_with_the_10_Commandments_1674.jpg/290px-Moses_and_Aaron_with_the_10_Commandments_1674.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Moses_and_Aaron_with_the_10_Commandments_1674.jpg/435px-Moses_and_Aaron_with_the_10_Commandments_1674.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Moses_and_Aaron_with_the_10_Commandments_1674.jpg/580px-Moses_and_Aaron_with_the_10_Commandments_1674.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2488" data-file-height="1669" /></a><figcaption>Moses and Aaron with the Ten Commandments (painting c. 1675 by Aron de Chavez)</figcaption></figure> During his <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>, Jesus explicitly referenced the prohibitions against murder and adultery. In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2019:16–19&version=nrsv">Matthew 19:16–19</a> <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> repeated five of the Ten Commandments, followed by that commandment called "the second" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2022:34–40&version=nrsv">Matthew 22:34–40</a>) after the <a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">first and great commandment</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">And, behold, one came and said unto him, Good Master, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life? And he said unto him, Why callest thou me good? There is none good but one, that is, God: but if thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments. He saith unto him, Which? Jesus said, Thou shalt do no murder, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Honour thy father and thy mother: and, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#19:16" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 19:16–19</a></cite></div></blockquote> In his <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Epistle to the Romans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a> also mentioned five of the Ten Commandments and associated them with the neighbourly love commandment. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> Owe no man any thing, but to love one another: for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law. For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Thou shalt not covet; and if there be any other commandment, it is briefly comprehended in this saying, namely, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. Love worketh no ill to his neighbour: therefore love is the fulfilling of the law. </div><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#13:8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 13:8–10</a> KJV</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Anglicanism">edit</a>]</div> In <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Articles" title="Thirty-nine Articles">Articles of the Church of England</a>, revised and altered by the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Assembly" title="Westminster Assembly">Assembly of Divines, at Westminster</a>, in the year 1643 state that "no Christian man whatsoever is free from the obedience of the commandments which are called moral. By the moral law, we understand all the Ten Commandments taken in their full extent."<a href="#cite_note-Neal1843-89">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baptists">Baptists</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Baptists">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a> believe The Ten Commandments are a summary of the requirements of a works covenant (called the "Old Covenant"), given on Mount Sinai to the nascent nation of Israel.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> The Old Covenant is fulfilled by Christ at the cross. Unbelievers are still under the Law. The law reveals man's sin and need for the salvation that is Jeshua. Repentance from sin and faith in Christ for salvation is the point of the entire Bible.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> They do reflect the eternal character of God, and serve as a paragon of morality.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Catholicism">Catholicism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Catholicism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">Ten Commandments in Catholic theology</a></div> In Catholicism it is believed that Jesus freed Christians from the rest of <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Jewish religious law</a>, but not from their obligation to keep the Ten Commandments.<a href="#cite_note-Kreeft-93">[92]</a> It has been said that they are to the moral order what the creation story is to the natural order.<a href="#cite_note-Kreeft-93">[92]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a>—the official exposition of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>'s Christian beliefs—the Commandments are considered essential for spiritual good health and growth,<a href="#cite_note-Kreeft201-94">[93]</a> and serve as the basis for <a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">social justice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Carmody-95">[94]</a> Church teaching of the Commandments is largely based on the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testaments</a> and the writings of the early <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cat-96">[95]</a> The Catechism of the Catholic Church believes that in the New Testament, Jesus <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">acknowledged their validity</a> summarizing them into two "<a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">great commandments</a>." The <a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">great commandments</a> contain the Law of the Gospel, summed up in the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Rule" title="Golden Rule">Golden Rule</a>. The Law of the Gospel is expressed particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Catechism_1-97">[96]</a> The Catechism of the Catholic Church explains that, "the Law of the Gospel fulfills the commandments of the Law. The Lord's Sermon on the Mount, far from abolishing or devaluing the moral prescriptions of the Old Law, releases their hidden potential and has new demands arise from them: it reveals their entire divine and human truth. It does not add new external precepts, but proceeds to reform the heart, the root of human acts, where man chooses between the pure and the impure, where faith, hope, and charity are formed and with them the other virtues." The New Law "fulfills, refines, surpasses, and leads the Old Law to its perfection."<a href="#cite_note-Catechism-98">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Lutheranism">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_054.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_054.png/220px-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_054.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_054.png/330px-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_054.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_054.png/440px-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_054.png 2x" data-file-width="1095" data-file-height="911" /></a><figcaption>Moses receives the Ten Commandments in this 1860 woodcut by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld" title="Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld">Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld</a>, a Lutheran.</figcaption></figure> The Lutheran division of the commandments follows the one established by <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">St. Augustine</a>, following the then current synagogue scribal division. The first three commandments govern the relationship between God and humans, the fourth through eighth govern public relationships between people, and the last two govern private thoughts. See Luther's Small Catechism<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> and Large Catechism.<a href="#cite_note-LC-59">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Methodist">Methodist</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Methodist">edit</a>]</div> The moral law contained in the Ten Commandments, according to the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> movement <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>, was instituted from the beginning of the world and is written on the hearts of all people.<a href="#cite_note-Rodes2014-100">[99]</a> As with the Reformed view,<a href="#cite_note-Campbell2011-101">[100]</a> Wesley held that the moral law, which is contained in the Ten Commandments, stands today:<a href="#cite_note-Utter1913-102">[101]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Every part of this law must remain in force upon all mankind in all ages, as not depending either on time or place, nor on any other circumstances liable to change; but on the nature of God and the nature of man, and their unchangeable relation to each other" (Wesley's Sermons, Vol. I, Sermon 25).<a href="#cite_note-Utter1913-102">[101]</a></blockquote> In keeping with <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_covenant_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Wesleyan covenant theology">Wesleyan covenant theology</a>, "while the ceremonial law was abolished in Christ and the whole Mosaic dispensation itself was concluded upon the appearance of Christ, the moral law remains a vital component of the covenant of grace, having Christ as its perfecting end."<a href="#cite_note-Rodes2014-100">[99]</a> As such, in Methodism, an "important aspect of the pursuit of <a href="/wiki/Sanctification" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctification">sanctification</a> is the careful following" of the Ten Commandments.<a href="#cite_note-Campbell2011-101">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Orthodox">Orthodox</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Orthodox">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ten_Commandments_in_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ten_Commandments_in_India.jpg/220px-Ten_Commandments_in_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ten_Commandments_in_India.jpg/330px-Ten_Commandments_in_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ten_Commandments_in_India.jpg/440px-Ten_Commandments_in_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3920" data-file-height="2204" /></a><figcaption>A Christian school in India displays the Ten Commandments.</figcaption></figure> The Eastern Orthodox Church holds its moral truths to be chiefly contained in the Ten Commandments.<a href="#cite_note-Dabovich-103">[102]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Confession_(religion)" title="Confession (religion)">confession</a> begins with the Confessor reciting the Ten Commandments and asking the penitent which of them he has broken.<a href="#cite_note-Hore36-104">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pentecostalism">Pentecostalism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Pentecostalism">edit</a>]</div> The Pentecostal Christianity believes the Ten Commandments were given directly from God summarizing the absolutes of spiritual and moral living that God intended for his people. They also attach a specific significance observing that the <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Feast of Pentecost</a> commemorates the giving of the Ten Commandments to <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>. This view, admitted by several founders of the Pentecostal Church has passed into modern Christian ethic, where the feast is also celebrated as “the day of the giving of the Law” or <a href="/wiki/Shavuot" title="Shavuot">Shavuot</a> as observed by <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaic</a> liturgical books and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Christian">Jewish Christianity</a>. Pentecostals believe giving of the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai fifty days after Passover and the <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">disciples</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a> receiving the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a> of God, as foretold by Him,<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> fifty days after His <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a> on Day of Pentecost was foretold by the prophet <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> symbolizing God giving His Church the gift of the Holy Spirit, where law is written, not on tablets of stone, but in their hearts. Pentecostal <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> believes that through Jesus Christ and with the exception of the Ten Commandments, they are not bound by the <a href="/wiki/613_commandments" title="613 commandments">613 Commandments</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> and any adherence to Judaic <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Presbyterianism">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Confession" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster Confession">Westminster Confession</a>, held by <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian Church">Presbyterian Churches</a>, holds that the moral law contained in the Ten Commandments "does forever bind all, as well justified persons as others, to the obedience thereof".<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Protestantism">Protestantism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Protestantism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Law_and_Gospel" title="Law and Gospel">Law and Gospel</a></div> Protestantism, under which there are several denominations of Christianity, in general gives <a href="/wiki/Law_and_Gospel" title="Law and Gospel">more importance to biblical law</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">the gospel</a>, rejecting the moral theology of Roman Catholicism. Early Protestant theologians continued to take the Ten Commandments as the starting point of Christian moral life.<a href="#cite_note-Sedgwick-109">[108]</a> Different versions of Christianity have varied in how they have translated the bare principles into the specifics that make up a full <a href="/wiki/Christian_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian ethic">Christian ethic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sedgwick-109">[108]</a> With the emergence of various modern versions of Protestanism there are several modern churches that believe and teach their adherents that all of the Law of Moses was fulfilled by Jesus Christ by His <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a>, death and resurrection and the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Moses" title="Law of Moses">Law of Moses</a> including the Ten Commandments no longer apply to them<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> while others believe in following only the commandments that appear in the New testament<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> and hence do not follow or observe them as part of their faith and worship. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">edit</a>]</div> According to the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>, Jesus completed rather than rejected the Mosaic law.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> The Ten Commandments are considered eternal gospel principles necessary for <a href="/wiki/Exaltation_(Latter_Day_Saints)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exaltation (Latter Day Saints)">exaltation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mormon-113">[112]</a> They appear in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Mosiah" title="Book of Mosiah">Book of Mosiah</a> 12:34–36,<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> 13:15–16,<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> 13:21–24<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Doctrine_and_Covenants" title="Doctrine and Covenants">Doctrine and Covenants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mormon-113">[112]</a> According to the Book of Mosiah, a prophet named <a href="/wiki/Abinadi" title="Abinadi">Abinadi</a> taught the Ten Commandments in the court of <a href="/wiki/King_Noah" title="King Noah">King Noah</a> and was martyred for his righteousness.<a href="#cite_note-encmorm-117">[116]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abinadi" title="Abinadi">Abinadi</a> knew the Ten Commandments from the <a href="/wiki/Brass_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Brass plates">brass plates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> In an October 2011 address, the Church president and prophet <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Monson" title="Thomas S. Monson">Thomas S. Monson</a> taught "The Ten Commandments are just that—commandments. They are not suggestions."<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> In that same talk he used small quotations listing the numbering and selection of the commandments. This and other sources<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> don't include the prologue, making it most consistent with the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> numbering. A splinter group of the Church called the "<a href="/wiki/Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter_Day_Saints_(Strangite)" title="Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite)">Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite)</a>" have a belief similar to the Samaritans where they have the entire Ten Commandments in their scripture where others only have nine. The Strangite fourth Commandment is "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself."<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> The Strangite's founder and namesake <a href="/wiki/James_Strang" title="James Strang">James Strang</a> wrote in "Note on the Decalogue" as part of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Law_of_the_Lord" title="Book of the Law of the Lord">Book of the Law of the Lord</a> (a Strangite holy book) that no other version of the Decalogue contains more than nine commandments and speculated that his fourth Commandment was omitted from other works perhaps as early as <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>' time (circa 37-100 AD).<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Islam">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Torah_in_Islam" title="Torah in Islam">Torah in Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Moses in Islam</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Moses_and_the_Tablets">Moses and the Tablets</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Moses and the Tablets">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone#In_the_Quran" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone § In the Quran</a></div> The receiving of the Ten Commandments by Prophet <a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Musa</a> (Moses) is dealt with in much detail in Islamic tradition<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> with the meeting of Moses with God on Mount Sinai described in Surah <a href="/wiki/A%27raf" class="mw-redirect" title="A'raf">A'raf</a> (7:142-145). The Revealing of the Tablets on which were the Commandments of God is described in the following verse: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">And We wrote for him (Moses) on the Tablets the lesson to be drawn from all things and the explanation of all things (and said): Hold unto these with firmness, and enjoin your people to take the better therein. I shall show you the home of Al-Fasiqun (the rebellious, disobedient to Allah).<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a></blockquote> The Tablets are further alluded to in verses 7:150, when Moses threw the Tablets down in anger at seeing the Israelites' worshipping of the golden calf, and in 7:154 when he picked up the Tablets having recovered from his anger: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">And when the anger of Musa (Moses) was appeased, he took up the Tablets, and in their inscription was guidance and mercy for those who fear their Lord.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Classical_views">Classical views</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Classical views">edit</a>]</div> Three verses of Surah <a href="/wiki/An%27am" class="mw-redirect" title="An'am">An'am</a> (6:151–153) are widely taken to be a reinstatement (or revised version) of the Ten Commandments<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> either as revealed to Moses <a href="/wiki/Tahrif" title="Tahrif">originally</a> or as they are to be taken by Muslims now:<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">151. Say: "Come, I will recite what your Lord has prohibited you from: 1Join not anything in worship with Him; 2And be good (and dutiful) to your parents; 3And kill not your children because of poverty – We provide sustenance for you and for them; 4And come not near to Al-Fawahish (shameful sins, illegal sexual intercourse, adultery etc.) whether committed openly or secretly, 5And kill not anyone whom Allah has forbidden, except for a just cause (according to the Law). This He has commanded you that you may understand. 152. "6And come not near to the orphan's property, except to improve it, until he (or she) attains the age of full strength; 7And give full measure and full weight with justice. We burden not any person, but that which he can bear. 8And whenever you give your word (i.e. judge between men or give evidence, etc.), say the truth even if a near relative is concerned, 9And fulfill the Covenant of Allah. This He commands you, that you may remember. 153. "10And verily, this (the Commandments mentioned in the above Verses) is my Straight Path, so follow it, and follow not (other) paths, for they will separate you away from His Path. This He has ordained for you that you may become Al-Muttaqun (the pious)."<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a></blockquote> Evidence for these verses having some relation to Moses and the Ten Commandments is from the verse which immediately follows them: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Then, We gave Musa (Moses) the Book, to complete (Our Favour) upon those who would do right, and explaining all things in detail and a guidance and a mercy that they might believe in the meeting with their Lord.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a></blockquote> According to a narration in <a href="/wiki/Mustadrak_Hakim" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustadrak Hakim">Mustadrak Hakim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abbas" title="Ibn Abbas">Ibn Abbas</a>, a prominent narrator of <a href="/wiki/Israiliyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Israiliyat">Israiliyat</a> traditions said, "In Surah Al-An`am, there are clear Ayat, and they are the Mother of the Book (the Qur'an)." He then recited the above verses.<a href="#cite_note-Tafsir_ibn_Kathir-132">[131]</a> Also in Mustadrak Hakim is the narration of <a href="/wiki/Ubada_ibn_as-Samit" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubada ibn as-Samit">Ubada ibn as-Samit</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The Messenger of Allah said, "Who among you will give me his pledge to do three things?" He then recited the (above) Ayah (6:151–153). He then said, "Whoever fulfills (this pledge), then his reward will be with Allah, but whoever fell into shortcomings and Allah punishes him for it in this life, then that will be his recompense. Whoever Allah delays (his reckoning) until the Hereafter, then his matter is with Allah. If He wills, He will punish him, and if He wills, He will forgive him."<a href="#cite_note-Tafsir_ibn_Kathir-132">[131]</a></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">Ibn Kathir</a> mentions a narration of <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Mas%27ud" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah ibn Mas'ud">Abdullah ibn Mas'ud</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"Whoever wishes to read the will and testament of the Messenger of Allah on which he placed his seal, let him read these Ayat (6:151–153)."<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a></blockquote> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Order </th> <th>Commandment in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> </th> <th>Surat <a href="/wiki/Al-An%27am" title="Al-An'am">Al-An'am</a> </th> <th>Surat <a href="/wiki/Al-Isra" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Isra">Al-Isra</a> </th> <th>Corresponding in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>First Commandment </td> <td>Do not associate others with God </td> <td rowspan="5">(151) </td> <td>(22) </td> <td>Do not put other gods before me </td></tr> <tr> <td>Second Commandment </td> <td>Honour your parents </td> <td>(23–24) </td> <td>Honour thy father and thy mother </td></tr> <tr> <td>Third Commandment </td> <td>Do not kill your children for fear of poverty </td> <td>(26–31) </td> <td>Do not murder </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fourth Commandment </td> <td>Do not come near indecencies, openly or secretly. </td> <td>(32) </td> <td>Do not covet thy neighbour's wife, Do not commit adultery </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fifth Commandment </td> <td>Do not take a life except justly </td> <td>(33) </td> <td>Do not murder </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sixth Commandment </td> <td>Do not come near the property of the orphan except to enhance it </td> <td rowspan="4">(152) </td> <td>(34) </td> <td>Do not covet his slaves, or his animals, or anything of thy neighbour </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seventh Commandment </td> <td>Give full measure and weigh with justice </td> <td>(35) </td> <td>Doesn't exist. (And the biblical "Remember the sabbath day" is absent in the Quran.) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eighth Commandment </td> <td>Whenever you testify, maintain justice even regarding a close relative </td> <td>(36) </td> <td>Do not bear false witness against thy neighbour </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ninth Commandment </td> <td>Fulfil your covenant with God </td> <td>(34) </td> <td>Do not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tenth Commandment </td> <td>Follow God's path and not any other </td> <td>(153) </td> <td>(37–39) </td> <td>Do not make unto thee any graven image or idols neither kneel before them nor worship them </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_views">Other views</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Other views">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_ethics#Moral_commandments" title="Islamic ethics">Islamic ethics § Moral commandments</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_points_of_interpretative_difference">Main points of interpretative difference</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Main points of interpretative difference">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sabbath_day">Sabbath day</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sabbath day">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Remember_the_sabbath_day,_to_keep_it_holy" title="Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy">Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy</a>; <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Sabbath" title="Biblical Sabbath">Biblical Sabbath</a>; <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Judaizers" title="Judaizers">Judaizers</a></div> The Abrahamic religions observe the Sabbath in various ways. In Judaism it is observed on Saturday (reckoned from dusk to dusk). In <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_Christianity" title="Sabbath in Christianity">Christianity</a>, it is sometimes <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_in_seventh-day_churches" title="Sabbath in seventh-day churches">observed on Saturday</a>, sometimes on Sunday, and sometimes not at all (<a href="/wiki/Non-Sabbatarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Sabbatarianism">non-Sabbatarianism</a>). Observing the Sabbath on Sunday, the day of resurrection, gradually became the dominant Christian practice from the <a href="/wiki/Jewish-Roman_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish-Roman wars">Jewish-Roman wars</a> onward.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Church's general repudiation of Jewish practices during this period is apparent in the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Laodicea" title="Council of Laodicea">Council of Laodicea</a> (4th century AD) where Canons 37–38 state: "It is not lawful to receive portions sent from the feasts of Jews or heretics, nor to feast together with them" and "It is not lawful to receive unleavened bread from the Jews, nor to be partakers of their impiety".<a href="#cite_note-newadvent.org-134">[133]</a> Canon 29 of the Laodicean council specifically refers to the sabbath: "Christians must not judaize by resting on the [Jewish] Sabbath, but must work on that day, rather honouring the Lord's Day; and, if they can, resting then as Christians. But if any shall be found to be judaizers, let them be anathema from Christ."<a href="#cite_note-newadvent.org-134">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Killing_or_murder">Killing or murder</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Killing or murder">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_kill" title="Thou shalt not kill">Thou shalt not kill</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sixth_Commandment_(Temple_Church,_London).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sixth_Commandment_%28Temple_Church%2C_London%29.jpg/220px-Sixth_Commandment_%28Temple_Church%2C_London%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sixth_Commandment_%28Temple_Church%2C_London%29.jpg/330px-Sixth_Commandment_%28Temple_Church%2C_London%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sixth_Commandment_%28Temple_Church%2C_London%29.jpg/440px-Sixth_Commandment_%28Temple_Church%2C_London%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="213" /></a><figcaption>The Sixth Commandment, as translated by the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a> (1549). The image is from the altar screen of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Church" title="Temple Church">Temple Church</a> near the Law Courts in London.</figcaption></figure> Multiple translations exist of the fifth/sixth commandment; the Hebrew words <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095">לא תרצח‎ (lo tirtzach) are variously translated as "thou shalt not kill" or "thou shalt not murder".<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> The imperative is against unlawful killing resulting in <a href="/wiki/Bloodguilt_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloodguilt in the Hebrew Bible">bloodguilt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> The Hebrew Bible contains numerous prohibitions against unlawful killing, but does not prohibit killing in the context of <a href="/wiki/Warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Warfare">warfare</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%202:5–6&version=nrsv">1Kings 2:5–6</a>), <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">capital punishment</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Leviticus%2020:9–16&version=nrsv">Leviticus 20:9–16</a>) or <a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_kill#Justified_killing:_intruder_in_the_home_at_night" title="Thou shalt not kill">defending against a home invasion</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2022:2–3&version=nrsv">Exodus 22:2–3</a>), which are considered justified. The New Testament is in agreement that murder is a grave moral evil,<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> and references the Old Testament view of bloodguilt.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Theft">Theft</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Theft">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_steal" title="Thou shalt not steal">Thou shalt not steal</a></div> German Old Testament scholar <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Alt" title="Albrecht Alt">Albrecht Alt</a>: Das Verbot des Diebstahls im Dekalog (1953), suggested that the commandment translated as "thou shalt not steal" was originally intended against stealing people, against abductions and slavery, in agreement with the Talmudic interpretation of the statement as "thou shalt not kidnap" (Sanhedrin 86a). Alt's claim is somewhat questionable, because the decalogue verse (Exodus 20:12, Deuteronomy 5:16) forbids theft in general, whereas the Sanhedrin 86a discussion (abductions and slavery) deals with another biblical verse: Deuteronomy 24:7 which explicitly refers to theft (i.e. abduction) of a person in order to sell that person. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Idolatry">Idolatry</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Idolatry">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">Idolatry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idolatry_in_Judaism" title="Idolatry in Judaism">Idolatry in Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idolatry_in_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Idolatry in Christianity">Idolatry in Christianity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shirk_(Islam)" title="Shirk (Islam)">Shirk (Islam)</a></div> In Judaism there is a prohibition against making or worshipping an idol or a representation of God, but there is no restriction on art or simple depictions unrelated to God. Islam has a stronger prohibition, banning not just representations of God, but also in some cases of Muhammad, humans and, in some interpretations, any living creature. In the non-canonical <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Barnabas" title="Gospel of Barnabas">Gospel of Barnabas</a>, it is claimed that Jesus stated that idolatry is the greatest sin as it divests a man fully of faith, and hence of God.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> The words attributed to Jesus prohibit not only worshipping statues of wood or stone; but also statues of flesh. "...all which a man loves, for which he leaves everything else but that, is his god, thus the glutton and drunkard has for his idol his own flesh, the fornicator has for his idol the harlot and the greedy has for his idol silver and gold, and so the same for every other sinner."<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> Idolatory was thus the basic sin, which manifested in various acts or thoughts, which displace the primacy of God. However, the Gospel of Barnabas does not form part of the Christian bible. It is known only from 16th- and 17th-century manuscripts, and frequently reflects Islamic rather than Christian understandings.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> Eastern Orthodox tradition teaches that while images of God, the Father, remain prohibited, depictions of Jesus as the incarnation of God as a visible human are permissible. To emphasize the theological importance of the incarnation, the Orthodox Church encourages the use of icons in church and private devotions, but prefers a two-dimensional depiction.<a href="#cite_note-Hore-142">[141]</a> In modern use (usually as a result of Roman Catholic influence), more naturalistic images and images of the Father, however, also appear occasionally in Orthodox churches, but statues, i.e. three-dimensional depictions, continue to be banned.<a href="#cite_note-Hore-142">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adultery">Adultery</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Adultery">edit</a>]</div> This commandment forbade male Israelites from having sexual intercourse with the wife of another Israelite; the prohibition did not extend to their own slaves. Sexual intercourse between an Israelite man, married or not, and a woman who was neither married nor <a href="/wiki/Engagement" title="Engagement">betrothed</a> was not considered adultery.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> This concept of adultery stems from a society that was not strictly monogamous, where the patriarchal economic aspect of Israelite marriage gave the husband an exclusive right to his wife, whereas the wife, as the husband's possession, did not have an exclusive right to her husband.<a href="#cite_note-Skolnik_Berenbaum_Thomson_Gale_(Firm)_2007-144">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> Louis Ginzberg argued that the tenth commandment (Covet not thy neighbor's wife) is directed against a sin which may lead to a trespassing of all Ten Commandments.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_historical_analysis">Critical historical analysis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Critical historical analysis">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monheim_Town_Hall_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Monheim_Town_Hall_5.jpg/220px-Monheim_Town_Hall_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Monheim_Town_Hall_5.jpg/330px-Monheim_Town_Hall_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Monheim_Town_Hall_5.jpg/440px-Monheim_Town_Hall_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>18th-century depiction of Moses receiving the tablets (<a href="/wiki/Monheim_Town_Hall" title="Monheim Town Hall">Monheim Town Hall</a>)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_theories">Early theories</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Early theories">edit</a>]</div> Critical scholarship is divided over its interpretation of the ten commandment texts. <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wellhausen" title="Julius Wellhausen">Julius Wellhausen</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis" title="Documentary hypothesis">documentary hypothesis</a> (1883) suggests that Exodus 20–23 and 34 "might be regarded as the document which formed the starting point of the religious history of Israel."<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> Deuteronomy 5 then reflects King Josiah's attempt to link the document produced by his court to the older Mosaic tradition. In a 2002 analysis of the history of this position, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_M._Levinson" title="Bernard M. Levinson">Bernard M. Levinson</a> argued that this reconstruction assumes a Christian perspective, and dates back to <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a>'s polemic against Judaism, which asserted that religions evolve from the more <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">ritualistic</a> to the more <a href="/wiki/Ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethic">ethical</a>. Goethe thus argued that the Ten Commandments revealed to Moses at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a> would have emphasized rituals, and that the "ethical" Decalogue Christians recite in their own churches was composed at a later date, when Israelite prophets had begun to prophesy the coming of the <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">messiah</a>. Levinson points out that there is no evidence, internal to the Hebrew Bible or in external sources, to support this conjecture. He concludes that its vogue among later critical historians represents the persistence of the idea that the <a href="/wiki/Supersession" class="mw-redirect" title="Supersession">supersession</a> of Judaism by Christianity is part of a longer history of progress from the ritualistic to the ethical.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century_discussion">20th century discussion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: 20th century discussion">edit</a>]</div> By the 1930s, historians who accepted the basic premises of multiple authorship had come to reject the idea of an orderly evolution of Israelite religion. Critics instead began to suppose that law and ritual could be of equal importance, while taking different form, at different times. This means that there is no longer any a priori reason to believe that Exodus 20:2–17 and Exodus 34:10–28 were composed during different stages of Israelite history. According to John Bright, there was an important distinction between the Decalogue and the "book of the covenant" (Exodus 21–23 and 34:10–24). The Decalogue, he argues, was modelled on the suzerainty treaties of the <a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittites</a> (and other Mesopotamian Empires), that is, represents the relationship between God and Israel as a relationship between king and vassal, and enacts that bond.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> "The prologue of the Hittite treaty reminds his vassals of his benevolent acts.. (compare with Exodus 20:2 "I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery"). The Hittite treaty also stipulated the obligations imposed by the ruler on his vassals, which included a prohibition of relations with peoples outside the empire, or enmity between those within."<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> (Exodus 20:3: "You shall have no other gods before Me"). Viewed as a treaty rather than a law code, its purpose is not so much to regulate human affairs as to define the scope of the king's power.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> Julius Morgenstern argued that Exodus 34 was distinct from the Jahwist document, identifying it with king Asa's reforms in 899 BC.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-152">[151]</a> Bright, however, believes that like the Decalogue this text has its origins in the time of the tribal alliance. The book of the covenant, he notes, bears a greater similarity to Mesopotamian law codes (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Hammurabi" title="Code of Hammurabi">Code of Hammurabi</a> which was inscribed on a stone <a href="/wiki/Stele" title="Stele">stele</a>). He argues that the function of this "book" is to move from the realm of treaty to the realm of law: "The Book of the Covenant (Ex., chs. 21 to 23; cf. ch. 34), which is no official state law, but a description of normative Israelite judicial procedure in the days of the Judges, is the best example of this process."<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> According to Bright, then, this body of law too predates the monarchy.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> According to Kaufmann, the Decalogue and the book of the covenant represent two ways of manifesting God's presence in Israel: the Ten Commandments taking the archaic and material form of stone tablets kept in the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a>, while the book of the covenant took oral form to be recited to the people.<a href="#cite_note-Kaufmann1960-155">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century_scholarship">21st century scholarship</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: 21st century scholarship">edit</a>]</div> Scholars disagree about when the Ten Commandments were written and by whom, with some modern scholars suggesting that they were likely modeled on Hittite and Mesopotamian laws and treaties.<a href="#cite_note-Rom-Shiloni-3">[3]</a>: 140  <a href="/wiki/Michael_Coogan" title="Michael Coogan">Michael Coogan</a> argues that each of the three versions of the Ten Commandments are “significantly different… indicating that its text was not fixed in <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">ancient Israel</a>.”<a href="#cite_note-Coo2014-1">[1]</a> Archaeologists <a href="/wiki/Israel_Finkelstein" title="Israel Finkelstein">Israel Finkelstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neil_Asher_Silberman" title="Neil Asher Silberman">Neil Asher Silberman</a> argue that "the astonishing composition came together… in the seventh century BC".<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> An even later date (after 586 BC) is suggested by David H. Aaron; his book argues for “the probability that these documents were written very late in the history of biblical literature - indeed, so late as to constitute a literary afterthought in the development of Israelite ethnic self-definition.”<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> Biblical scholar Timothy S. Hogue argues that the Decalogue in the book of Exodus originated in the northern <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">kingdom of Israel</a> around the 9th-8th centuries BC, based on parallels with <a href="/wiki/Luwian_language" title="Luwian language">Luwian</a> texts from that time as well as the references in the Decalogue to the <a href="/wiki/Matzevah" title="Matzevah">masseboth</a> which were destroyed during the religious reforms of <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> According to Book of Deuteronomy, the tablets were placed in the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R%C3%B6mer" title="Thomas Römer">Thomas Römer</a> argued in 2015 that “clearly… the tablets of the law are a substitute for something else.”<a href="#cite_note-Römer92-160">[159]</a> He holds that “the original Ark contained a <a href="/wiki/Cult_image" title="Cult image">statue</a> [i.e. a <a href="/wiki/Cult_image" title="Cult image">cult image</a>] of <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yhwh</a>” and that it was “brought into the <a href="/wiki/First_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="First Temple">Jerusalem temple</a> under <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a>”,<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a>: 3, 9  which he specifically identifies as “two <a href="/wiki/Baetylus" class="mw-redirect" title="Baetylus">betyles</a> (sacred stones), or two <a href="/wiki/Cult_image" title="Cult image">cult image</a> statues symbolizing Yhwh and his female companion <a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Ashera</a> or a statue representing Yhwh alone.”<a href="#cite_note-Römer92-160">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Ritual_Decalogue">The Ritual Decalogue</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: The Ritual Decalogue">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ritual_Decalogue" title="Ritual Decalogue">Ritual Decalogue</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis" title="Documentary hypothesis">Documentary hypothesis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozes_toont_de_Tien_Geboden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mozes_toont_de_Tien_Geboden.jpg/220px-Mozes_toont_de_Tien_Geboden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mozes_toont_de_Tien_Geboden.jpg/330px-Mozes_toont_de_Tien_Geboden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mozes_toont_de_Tien_Geboden.jpg/440px-Mozes_toont_de_Tien_Geboden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2803" data-file-height="3999" /></a><figcaption>Print of Moses showing the Ten Commandments. Made at the end of the sixteenth century.</figcaption></figure> Exodus 34:28<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> identifies a different list, that of Exodus 34:11–27,<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> as the Ten Commandments. Since this passage does not prohibit murder, adultery, theft, etc., but instead deals with the proper worship of <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a>, some scholars call it the "Ritual Decalogue", and disambiguate the Ten Commandments of traditional understanding as the "Ethical Decalogue".<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis" title="Documentary hypothesis">documentary hypothesis</a> identifies the Ritual Decalogue as the work of the <a href="/wiki/Jahwist" title="Jahwist">Jahwist</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a>, and the Covenant Code as that of the <a href="/wiki/Elohist" title="Elohist">Elohist</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a>, both writing independently. It does not however answer the question of how these texts were related, merely that the Ritual Decalogue circulated in Judah, and the Covenant Code in Israel. What the documentary hypothesis does partly explain is the relationship of the Ritual Decalogue to the Ethical Decalogue, and why, instead of the Ethical Decalogue, it is the Ritual Decalogue which is written on the two tablets when Moses ascends the mountain to have the Ethical Decalogue inscribed for a second time. <a href="/wiki/Richard_Elliott_Friedman" title="Richard Elliott Friedman">Richard Elliott Friedman</a> argues that the Ten Commandments at Exodus 20:1–17 "does not appear to belong to any of the major sources. It is likely to be an independent document, which was inserted here by the Redactor."<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> In his view, the <a href="/wiki/Covenant_Code" title="Covenant Code">Covenant Code</a> follows that version of the Ten Commandments in the northern Israel <a href="/wiki/Elohist" title="Elohist">E narrative</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Yahwist" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahwist">J narrative</a> in Exodus 34 the editor of the combined story known as the Redactor (or RJE), adds in an explanation that these are a replacement for the earlier tablets which were shattered. "In the combined JE text, it would be awkward to picture God just commanding Moses to make some tablets, as if there were no history to this matter, so RJE adds the explanation that these are a replacement for the earlier tablets that were shattered."<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> He suggests that differences in the J and E versions of the Ten Commandments story are a result of power struggles in the priesthood. The writer has Moses smash the tablets "because this raised doubts about the Judah's central religious shrine".<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_importance">Political importance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Political importance">edit</a>]</div> According to some scholars, certain interpretations of the Commandments were allegedly problematic for people living in those respective societies during their time,<a href="#cite_note-Hitchens_2003-171">[170]</a> like capital punishment for blasphemy, idolatry, apostasy, adultery, cursing one own's parents, and Sabbath-breaking.<a href="#cite_note-Malina_2003_p.-172">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-Abel_2018_p._19-173">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wright_2019_p._180-174">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Green_Lapsley_Miles_Verhey_2011_p._119-175">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hobson_2011_p._14-176">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-Westbrook_Wells_2009_p._71-177">[176]</a> During an 1846 uprising, now known as the <a href="/wiki/Galician_slaughter" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician slaughter">Galician slaughter</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Austrian_Galicia" title="Poverty in Austrian Galicia">impoverished</a> and <a href="/wiki/Famines_in_Austrian_Galicia" title="Famines in Austrian Galicia">famished</a> <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Eastern_Europe)" title="Galicia (Eastern Europe)">Galician</a> Eastern European <a href="/wiki/Peasants" class="mw-redirect" title="Peasants">peasants</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">serfs</a>) directed against <a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">szlachta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Polish</a> nobles) because of their oppression (for example, manorial prisons), a popular rumor had it that the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Austria" title="Emperor of Austria">Emperor</a> had abolished the Ten Commandants, which the peasants took as permission and religious justification to massacre the szlachta<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> – the prime representatives and beneficiaries of the crown in <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian Galicia">Austrian Galicia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nance2008-179">[178]</a> This uprising is credited with helping to bring on the demise, in 1848, of <a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">serfdom</a> with <a href="/wiki/Corv%C3%A9e" title="Corvée">corvée</a> labor in Galicia.<a href="#cite_note-WHITEMurphy2001-170-180">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States_debate_over_display_on_public_property">United States debate over display on public property</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: United States debate over display on public property">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Accommodationism" title="Accommodationism">Accommodationism</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Moore" title="Roy Moore">Roy Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Van_Orden_v._Perry" title="Van Orden v. Perry">Van Orden v. Perry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">Separation of church and state in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TenCommandmentsAustinStateCapitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Picture of a large stone monument displaying the ten commandments with the Texas State Capitol in Austin in the background. The picture was part of a news release Wednesday, March second, 2005, by then Attorney General Abbott." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/TenCommandmentsAustinStateCapitol.jpg/220px-TenCommandmentsAustinStateCapitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/TenCommandmentsAustinStateCapitol.jpg/330px-TenCommandmentsAustinStateCapitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/TenCommandmentsAustinStateCapitol.jpg/440px-TenCommandmentsAustinStateCapitol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="803" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Ten Commandments display at the <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Capitol" title="Texas State Capitol">Texas State Capitol</a> in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:21-16-020-commandments.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/21-16-020-commandments.jpg/220px-21-16-020-commandments.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/21-16-020-commandments.jpg/330px-21-16-020-commandments.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/21-16-020-commandments.jpg/440px-21-16-020-commandments.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_Monument_(Little_Rock,_Arkansas)" title="Ten Commandments Monument (Little Rock, Arkansas)">Ten Commandments Monument</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_State_Capitol" title="Arkansas State Capitol">Arkansas State Capitol</a></figcaption></figure> European Protestants replaced some visual art in their churches with plaques of the Ten Commandments after the Reformation. In England, such "Decalogue boards" also represented the English monarch's emphasis on rule of royal law within the churches. The United States Constitution forbids establishment of religion by law; however images of Moses holding the tablets of the Decalogue, along other religious figures including Solomon, Confucius, and Muhammad holding the Quran, are sculpted on the north and south friezes of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court_Building" title="United States Supreme Court Building">pediment of the Supreme Court building in Washington</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> Images of the Ten Commandments have long been contested symbols for the relationship of religion to national law.<a href="#cite_note-moses.creighton.edu-183">[182]</a> In the 1950s and 1960s the <a href="/wiki/Fraternal_Order_of_Eagles" title="Fraternal Order of Eagles">Fraternal Order of Eagles</a> placed possibly thousands of Ten Commandments displays in courthouses and school rooms, including many stone monuments on courthouse property.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> Because displaying the commandments can reflect a sectarian position if they are numbered, the Eagles developed an ecumenical version that omitted the numbers, as on the monument at the Texas capitol. Hundreds of monuments were also placed by <a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">director</a> <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Publicity_stunt" title="Publicity stunt">publicity stunt</a> to promote his 1956 <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments_(1956_film)" title="The Ten Commandments (1956 film)">The Ten Commandments</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> Placing the plaques and monuments to the Ten Commandments in and around government buildings was another expression of mid-twentieth-century U.S. <a href="/wiki/Civil_religion" title="Civil religion">civil religion</a>, along with adding the phrase "under God" to the <a href="/wiki/Pledge_of_Allegiance_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pledge of Allegiance (United States)">Pledge of Allegiance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-moses.creighton.edu-183">[182]</a> By the beginning of the twenty-first century in the U.S., however, Decalogue monuments and plaques in government spaces had become a legal battleground between religious as well as political liberals and conservatives. Organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> (ACLU) and <a href="/wiki/Americans_United_for_Separation_of_Church_and_State" title="Americans United for Separation of Church and State">Americans United for Separation of Church and State</a> launched lawsuits challenging the posting of the ten commandments in public buildings. The ACLU has been supported by a number of religious groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(U.S.A.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)">Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Congress" title="American Jewish Congress">American Jewish Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_public_schools">In public schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: In public schools">edit</a>]</div> In 1980, the Supreme Court in <a href="/wiki/Stone_v._Graham" title="Stone v. Graham">Stone v. Graham</a> ruled unconstitutional a Kentucky statute that required the posting of a copy of the Ten Commandments on the wall of each public classroom in the state, because the statute lacked a nonreligious, legislative purpose.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> In 2023, Texas Republican politician <a href="/wiki/Phil_King_(Texas_politician)" title="Phil King (Texas politician)">Phil King</a> introduced SB 1515 of the 88th Session of the Texas Senate, which would require that the Ten Commandments be displayed in every classroom of every public school in Texas.<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> The bill eventually lapsed in the State House when the session closed without voting it. <a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> On June 19, 2024, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Landry" title="Jeff Landry">Jeff Landry</a> signed <a href="/wiki/House_Bill_71" title="House Bill 71">House Bill 71</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> mandating display of the Ten Commandments in every public school classroom. The bill also permits the additional display of the <a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Compact" title="Mayflower Compact">Mayflower Compact</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a>. Governor Landry stated that the Ten Commandments are "not solely religious, but that it has historical significance."<a href="#cite_note-ASPrigger-A000-193">[192]</a> The bill mandates a text that includes the phrase "Thou shalt not make to thyself any graven images" indicating that it comes not from a traditional Bible but instead from the Eagles-DeMille promotion campaign.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> A group of parents challenged the law in court, and on November 12, 2024, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Judge" class="mw-redirect" title="United States District Judge">United States District</a> <a href="/wiki/John_W._deGravelles" title="John W. deGravelles">Judge John W. deGravelles</a> granted a temporary injunction, stating that the law is "unconstitutional on its face."<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> On November 15, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit</a> granted an <a href="/wiki/Injunction" title="Injunction">emergency stay</a> motion from the Louisiana state, limiting the ruling to the five <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parishes</a> whose school boards were named as defendants in the case.<a href="#cite_note-ap-inj.-196">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Cultural references">edit</a>]</div> Two famous films with this name were directed by <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a>: a <a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments_(1923_film)" title="The Ten Commandments (1923 film)">1923 silent film</a> which stars <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roberts" title="Theodore Roberts">Theodore Roberts</a> as Moses, and a <a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments_(1956_film)" title="The Ten Commandments (1956 film)">1956 version</a> filmed in <a href="/wiki/VistaVision" title="VistaVision">VistaVision</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> as Moses. Both <a href="/wiki/Dekalog" title="Dekalog">Dekalog</a>, a 1989 Polish film series directed by <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Kie%C5%9Blowski" title="Krzysztof Kieślowski">Krzysztof Kieślowski</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Ten_(film)" title="The Ten (film)">The Ten</a>, a 2007 American film, use the Ten Commandments as a structure for 10 smaller stories.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> Other media about the Ten Commandments include a <a href="/wiki/Les_Dix_Commandements_(musical)" title="Les Dix Commandements (musical)">2000 musical</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments:_The_Musical" title="The Ten Commandments: The Musical">2004 musical</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments_(miniseries)" title="The Ten Commandments (miniseries)">2006 miniseries</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments_(2007_film)" title="The Ten Commandments (2007 film)">2007 film</a>, <a href="/wiki/I_Am_(2010_American_drama_film)" title="I Am (2010 American drama film)">2010 film</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments:_The_Movie" title="The Ten Commandments: The Movie">2016 film</a>. The receipt of the Ten Commandments by Moses was satirized in <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a>'s 1981 movie <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_World_Part_I" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the World Part I">History of the World Part I</a>, which shows Moses (played by Brooks, in a similar costume to <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a>'s Moses in the <a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments_(1956_film)" title="The Ten Commandments (1956 film)">1956 film</a>), receiving three tablets containing fifteen commandments, but before he can present them to his people, he stumbles and drops one of the tablets, shattering it. He then presents the remaining tablets, proclaiming Ten Commandments.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/48px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/64px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/24px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/36px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/48px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternatives_to_the_Ten_Commandments" title="Alternatives to the Ten Commandments">Alternatives to the Ten Commandments</a> – Secular and humanist alternatives to the biblical lists</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Hammurabi" title="Code of Hammurabi">Code of Hammurabi</a> (1772 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Ur-Nammu" title="Code of Ur-Nammu">Code of Ur-Nammu</a> (2050 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_command_theory" title="Divine command theory">Divine command theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Precepts_(Taoism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Precepts (Taoism)">Five Precepts (Taoism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Precepts" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Precepts">Five Precepts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_precepts" title="Eight precepts">Eight precepts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a>, 42 confessions, 'The negative confession' (1500 BC) of the <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_of_Ani" title="Papyrus of Ani">Papyrus of Ani</a>, which is also known as The declaration of innocence before the Gods of the tribunal from The book of going forth by day, also <a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Noble_Virtues" title="Nine Noble Virtues">Nine Noble Virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_deadly_sins" title="Seven deadly sins">Seven deadly sins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Laws_of_Noah" title="Seven Laws of Noah">Seven Laws of Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments_(2007_film)" title="The Ten Commandments (2007 film)">The Ten Commandments (2007 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_of_Computer_Ethics" title="Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics">Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Conditions_of_Bai%27at" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Conditions of Bai'at">Ten Conditions of Bai'at</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yamas (Hinduism)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Nouns often underwent this shift in gender and stem type between Biblical and Mishnaic Hebrew without any shift in meaning. Compare, for example, BH ohalim and MH ahilot. </li> </ol></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Coo2014-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coo2014_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coo2014_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCoogan2014" class="citation book cs1">Coogan, Michael (2014). The Ten Commandments: A Short History of an Ancient Text. Yale University Press. pp. 27, 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-17871-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-17871-5"><bdi>978-0-300-17871-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ten+Commandments%3A+A+Short+History+of+an+Ancient+Text&rft.pages=27%2C+33&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-300-17871-5&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ten-Commandments">"Ten Commandments | Description, History, Text, & Facts"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Ten+Commandments+%7C+Description%2C+History%2C+Text%2C+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FTen-Commandments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rom-Shiloni-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rom-Shiloni_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rom-Shiloni_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRom-Shiloni2019" class="citation book cs1">Rom-Shiloni, Dalit (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=emOtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA135">"The Decalogue"</a>. In Barmash, Pamela (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Law. Oxford University Press. pp. 135–155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-939266-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-939266-7"><bdi>978-0-19-939266-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Decalogue&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Biblical+Law&rft.pages=135-155&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-19-939266-7&rft.aulast=Rom-Shiloni&rft.aufirst=Dalit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DemOtDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> “Three main dating schemes have been proposed: (1) it was suggested that the Decalogue was the earliest legal code given at Sinai, with Moses as author, and the Amphictyony confederation as its setting (Albright 1939, 1949, Buber 1998, and others); (2) the Decalogue was considered a product of the pre-exilic monarchic period, well embedded in the deuteronomistic writings, but presumed to reflect earlier periods of evolution (and possibly to be of northern origin; Carmichael 1985, Reventlow 1962, and Weinfeld 1990, 1991, 2001, among others); (3) the Decalogue has been understood as a postexilic product shaped primarily by deuteronomistic and priestly currents in the eighth century BCE and forward, and secondarily by prophetic and or wisdom influences. Among the features that seem to point to the lateness of the collection are its gradual literary evolution and its place within the Sinai traditions (Aaron 2006, Blum 2011, Hölscher 1988, and others). Harrelson (1962, who accepted this third dating suggestion) was cautious enough to admit that there were no good arguments to substantiate firmly any of these general frameworks” </li> <li id="cite_note-ex34-28-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ex34-28_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ex34-28_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://studybible.info/compare/Exodus%2034:28">"Exodus 34:28 – multiple versions and languages"</a>. Studybible.info. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928011335/http://studybible.info/compare/Exodus%2034:28">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exodus+34%3A28+%E2%80%93+multiple+versions+and+languages&rft.pub=Studybible.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstudybible.info%2Fcompare%2FExodus%252034%3A28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://studybible.info/compare/Deuteronomy%204:13">"Deuteronomy 4:13 – multiple versions and languages"</a>. studybible.info. Retrieved 14 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=studybible.info&rft.atitle=Deuteronomy+4%3A13+%E2%80%93+multiple+versions+and+languages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudybible.info%2Fcompare%2FDeuteronomy%25204%3A13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://studybible.info/compare/Deuteronomy%2010:4">"Deuteronomy 10:4 – multiple versions and languages"</a>. Studybible.info. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111021123919/http://studybible.info/compare/Deuteronomy%2010:4">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deuteronomy+10%3A4+%E2%80%93+multiple+versions+and+languages&rft.pub=Studybible.info&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudybible.info%2Fcompare%2FDeuteronomy%252010%3A4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRooker2010" class="citation book cs1">Rooker, Mark (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1WUzUAdWRVUC&pg=PA3">The Ten Commandments: Ethics for the Twenty-First Century</a>. Nashville, Tennessee: B&H Publishing Group. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-4716-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-4716-3"><bdi>978-0-8054-4716-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2 October 2011. <q>The Ten Commandments are literally the 'Ten Words' (ăśeret hadděbārîm) in Hebrew. In <a href="/wiki/Mishnaic_Hebrew_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mishnaic Hebrew language">Mishnaic Hebrew</a>, they are called <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095">עשרת הדברות‎ (transliterated aseret ha-dibrot). The use of the term dābār, 'word,' in this phrase distinguishes these laws from the rest of the commandments (mişwâ), statutes (hōq), and regulations (mišpāţ) in the Old Testament.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ten+Commandments%3A+Ethics+for+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.place=Nashville%2C+Tennessee&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=B%26H+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8054-4716-3&rft.aulast=Rooker&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1WUzUAdWRVUC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=Decalogue">"Decalogue"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a>. Retrieved 29 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Decalogue&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3DDecalogue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> When LORD is printed in small caps, it typically represents the so-called <a href="/wiki/Tetragrammaton" title="Tetragrammaton">Tetragrammaton</a>, a Greek term representing the four Hebrews YHWH which indicates the divine name. This is typically indicated in the preface of most modern translations. For an example, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossway_Bibles2011" class="citation cs2">Crossway Bibles (28 December 2011), "Preface", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=co2PZwEACAAJ">Holy Bible: English Standard Version</a>, Wheaton: Crossway, p. IX, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4335-3087-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4335-3087-6"><bdi>978-1-4335-3087-6</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130612030255/http://books.google.com/books?id=co2PZwEACAAJ">archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2013, retrieved 19 November 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Preface&rft.btitle=Holy+Bible%3A+English+Standard+Version&rft.place=Wheaton&rft.pages=IX&rft.pub=Crossway&rft.date=2011-12-28&rft.isbn=978-1-4335-3087-6&rft.au=Crossway+Bibles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dco2PZwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+4:13;+5:22+9&version=NRSV">Deuteronomy 4:13; 5:22 9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Somer, Benjamin D. Revelation and Authority: Sinai in Jewish Scripture and Tradition (The Anchor Yale Bible Reference Library). pp = 40. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2020:21&version=nrsv">Exodus 20:21</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#21:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Exodus 21–23</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#24:4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Exodus 24:4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#24:7" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Exodus 24:7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#24:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Exodus 24:1,9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#24:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Exodus 24:1–11</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#24:16" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Exodus 24:16–18</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Deuteronomy#9:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy 9:10</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#32:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Ex. 32:1–5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#32:6" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Ex. 32:6–8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#32:19" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Ex.32:19</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Exodus#34:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Exodus">Ex. 34:1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Deuteronomy#10:4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy 10:4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0504.htm#10">Deuteronomy 4:10–13</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0505.htm#22">5:22</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0509.htm#17">9:17</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0510.htm#1">10:1–5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Mechon Mamre, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0220.htm#1">Exodus 20</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/image/B-314643">"Dead Sea Scrolls Plate 981, Frag 2, B-314643 ManuScript 4Q41-4Q Deut"</a>. Retrieved 31 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dead+Sea+Scrolls+Plate+981%2C+Frag+2%2C+B-314643+ManuScript+4Q41-4Q+Deut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deadseascrolls.org.il%2Fexplore-the-archive%2Fimage%2FB-314643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2020:1–17&version=nrsv">Exodus 20:1–17</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Deuteronomy%205:4–21&version=nrsv">Deuteronomy 5:4–21</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2012" class="citation book cs1">Chan, Yiu Sing Lúcás (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4ITxsMU-7sIC&pg=PA37">The Ten Commandments and the Beatitudes</a>. Lantham, MA: <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. pp. 38, 241. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442215542" title="Special:BookSources/9781442215542"><bdi>9781442215542</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424074528/https://books.google.com/books?id=4ITxsMU-7sIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA37">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ten+Commandments+and+the+Beatitudes&rft.place=Lantham%2C+MA&rft.pages=38%2C+241&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781442215542&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Yiu+Sing+L%C3%BAc%C3%A1s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4ITxsMU-7sIC%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Block-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Block_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Block_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlock,_Daniel_I.2012" class="citation book cs1">Block, Daniel I. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BImK1cN04pwC&pg=PA1">"The Decalogue in the Hebrew Scriptures"</a>. In Greenman, Jeffrey P.; Larsen, Timothy (eds.). The Decalogue Through the Centuries: From the Hebrew Scriptures to Benedict XVI. Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 1–27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-23490-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-23490-4"><bdi>978-0-664-23490-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Decalogue+in+the+Hebrew+Scriptures&rft.btitle=The+Decalogue+Through+the+Centuries%3A+From+the+Hebrew+Scriptures+to+Benedict+XVI&rft.pages=1-27&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-664-23490-4&rft.au=Block%2C+Daniel+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBImK1cN04pwC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-I_am_the_Lord-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-I_am_the_Lord_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-I_am_the_Lord_33-1">b</a> I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. </li> <li id="cite_note-No_other_gods-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-No_other_gods_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-No_other_gods_34-1">b</a> You shall have no other gods before me. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dont_make_carved_image-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dont_make_carved_image_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dont_make_carved_image_35-1">b</a> You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dont_take_the_name-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dont_take_the_name_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dont_take_the_name_36-1">b</a> You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain, for the LORD will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor, and do all your work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God. On it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your male slave, or your female slave, or your livestock, or the sojourner who is within your gates. For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day. Therefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Observe the Sabbath day, to keep it holy, as the LORD your God commanded you. Six days you shall labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God. On it you shall not do any work, you or your son or your daughter or your male slave or your female slave, or your ox or your donkey or any of your livestock, or the sojourner who is within your gates, that your male slave and your female slave may rest as well as you. You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the LORD your God brought you out from there with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm. Therefore the LORD your God commanded you to keep the Sabbath day. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land that the LORD your God is giving you. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Honor your father and your mother, as the LORD your God commanded you, that your days may be long, and that it may go well with you in the land that the LORD your God is giving you. </li> <li id="cite_note-You_shall_not_murder-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-You_shall_not_murder_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-You_shall_not_murder_41-1">b</a> You shall not murder. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> You shall not commit adultery. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> And you shall not commit adultery. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> You shall not steal. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> And you shall not steal. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> And you shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> You shall not covet your neighbor's house </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> And you shall not desire your neighbor's house, his field, </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> You shall not covet your neighbor's wife … </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> And you shall not covet your neighbor's wife. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> … or his male slave, or his female slave, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor's. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> … or his male slave, or his female slave, his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor's. </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_54-1">b</a> And when you have passed over the Yaardaan [Jordan] you shall set up these stones, which I command you today, in Aargaareezem [Mount Gerizim]. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsedaka2013" class="citation book cs1">Tsedaka, Benyamin (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-wn8ABo-Fz0C&pg=PA173">The Israelite Samaritan Version of the Torah</a>. Grand Rapids, MI: W. B. Eerdmans. pp. 173–174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6519-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6519-9"><bdi>978-0-8028-6519-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Israelite+Samaritan+Version+of+the+Torah&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pages=173-174&rft.pub=W.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-6519-9&rft.aulast=Tsedaka&rft.aufirst=Benyamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-wn8ABo-Fz0C%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsedaka2013" class="citation book cs1">Tsedaka, Benyamin (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-wn8ABo-Fz0C&pg=PA420">The Israelite Samaritan Version of the Torah</a>. Grand Rapids, MI: W. B. Eerdmans. pp. 420–21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6519-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6519-9"><bdi>978-0-8028-6519-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Israelite+Samaritan+Version+of+the+Torah&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pages=420-21&rft.pub=W.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-6519-9&rft.aulast=Tsedaka&rft.aufirst=Benyamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-wn8ABo-Fz0C%26pg%3DPA420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilo" class="citation book cs1">Philo. The Decalogue, IX.(32)-(37).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Decalogue%2C+IX.%2832%29-%2837%29&rft.au=Philo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinchamLake2006" class="citation book cs1">Fincham, Kenneth; Lake, Peter, eds. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ozTiFBvdDTIC&pg=PA42">Religious Politics in Post-reformation England</a>. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84383-253-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-84383-253-4"><bdi>1-84383-253-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Politics+in+Post-reformation+England&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+Suffolk&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=The+Boydell+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-84383-253-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DozTiFBvdDTIC%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LC-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LC_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LC_59-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bookofconcord.org/lc-3-tencommandments.php">Luther's Large Catechism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105033215/http://bookofconcord.org/lc-3-tencommandments.php">Archived</a> 5 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (1529) </li> <li id="cite_note-Huffmon-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Huffmon_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Huffmon_60-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Huffmon_60-2">c</a> Herbert Huffmon, "The Fundamental Code Illustrated: The Third Commandment," in The Ten Commandments: The Reciprocity of Faithfulness, ed. William P. Brown., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=87hQ2AjcttEC&pg=PA205">pp. 205–212</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160623175728/https://books.google.com/books?id=87hQ2AjcttEC&lpg=PA205&pg=PA205">Archived</a> 23 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Westminster John Knox Press (2004). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22323-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22323-0">0-664-22323-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Miller_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller,_Patrick_D.2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_D._Miller" title="Patrick D. Miller">Miller, Patrick D.</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DX-1XPmz4GMC&pg=PA4">The Ten Commandments</a>. Presbyterian Publishing Corp. pp. 4–12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-23055-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-23055-5"><bdi>978-0-664-23055-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160512064030/https://books.google.com/books?id=DX-1XPmz4GMC&lpg=PR4&pg=PA4">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ten+Commandments&rft.pages=4-12&rft.pub=Presbyterian+Publishing+Corp.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-664-23055-5&rft.au=Miller%2C+Patrick+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDX-1XPmz4GMC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Milgrom-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Milgrom_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilgrom,_Joseph2005" class="citation book cs1">Milgrom, Joseph (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6taHOn5Xk_QC&pg=PA70">"The Nature of Revelation and Mosaic Origins"</a>. In Blumenthal, Jacob; Liss, Janet (eds.). <a href="/wiki/Etz_Hayim_Humash" title="Etz Hayim Humash">Etz Hayim Study Guide</a>. Jewish Publication Society. pp. 70–74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8276-0822-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8276-0822-5"><bdi>0-8276-0822-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Nature+of+Revelation+and+Mosaic+Origins&rft.btitle=Etz+Hayim+Study+Guide&rft.pages=70-74&rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8276-0822-5&rft.au=Milgrom%2C+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6taHOn5Xk_QC%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barclay-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barclay_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barclay_63-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Barclay_(theologian)" title="William Barclay (theologian)">William Barclay</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jlwiXdFnaQEC&pg=PA5">The Ten Commandments.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160503175855/https://books.google.com/books?id=jlwiXdFnaQEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA5">Archived</a> 3 May 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Westminster John Knox Press (2001), originally The Plain Man's Guide to Ethics (1973). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22346-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22346-X">0-664-22346-X</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODay-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODay_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODay_64-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODay_64-2">c</a> <a href="/wiki/Gail_R._O%27Day" title="Gail R. O'Day">Gail R. O'Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_L._Petersen" title="David L. Petersen">David L. Petersen</a>, Theological Bible Commentary, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rQWknj4ORJkC&q=%22finger+of+God%22&pg=PA34">p. 34</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160616220229/https://books.google.com/books?id=rQWknj4ORJkC&pg=PA34#v=onepage&q=%22finger%20of%20God%22&f=false">Archived</a> 16 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Westminster John Knox Press (2009) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22711-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22711-2">0-664-22711-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-solomon-65"><a href="#cite_ref-solomon_65-0">^</a> Norman Solomon, Judaism, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zmPiTksnUE8C&q=%22basis+of+Jewish+law%22&pg=PA17">p. 17</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603114814/https://books.google.com/books?id=zmPiTksnUE8C&lpg=PA17&pg=PA17#v=onepage&q=%22basis%20of%20Jewish%20law%22&f=false">Archived</a> 3 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Sterling Publishing Company (2009) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4027-6884-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-4027-6884-2">1-4027-6884-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-dosick-66"><a href="#cite_ref-dosick_66-0">^</a> Wayne D. Dosick, Living Judaism: The Complete Guide to Jewish Belief, Tradition, and Practice, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bpXUYUO7cg8C&q=%22ten+commandments%22&pg=PA31">pp. 31–33</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160426134440/https://books.google.com/books?id=bpXUYUO7cg8C&lpg=PA31&pg=PA31#v=snippet&q=%22ten%20commandments%22&f=false">Archived</a> 26 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. HarperCollins (1995). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-062179-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-062179-6">0-06-062179-6</a> "There are 603 more Torah commandments. But in giving these ten – with their wise insight into the human condition – God established a standard of right and wrong, a powerful code of behavior, that is universal and timeless." </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/text/philo/book27.html">"Philo: The Special Laws, I"</a>. www.earlyjewishwritings.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190809050738/http://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/text/philo/book27.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.earlyjewishwritings.com&rft.atitle=Philo%3A+The+Special+Laws%2C+I&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlyjewishwritings.com%2Ftext%2Fphilo%2Fbook27.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/text/philo/book26.html">"Philo: The Decalogue"</a>. www.earlyjewishwritings.com. p. XXXII. (168). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190721154846/http://earlyjewishwritings.com/text/philo/book26.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.earlyjewishwritings.com&rft.atitle=Philo%3A+The+Decalogue&rft.pages=XXXII.+%28168%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlyjewishwritings.com%2Ftext%2Fphilo%2Fbook26.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> אלכסנדר קליין, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biu.ac.il/JH/Parasha/yitro/cla.html">ייחודם של עשרת הדיברות</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807043728/https://www.biu.ac.il/JH/Parasha/yitro/cla.html">Archived</a> 7 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> Ginzberg, Louis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philologos.org/__eb-lotj/vol3/p03.htm#THE%20UNITY%20OF%20THE%20TEN%20COMMANDMENTS">The Legends of the Jews, Vol. III: The Unity of Ten Commandments</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807032722/https://philologos.org/__eb-lotj/vol3/p03.htm#THE%20UNITY%20OF%20THE%20TEN%20COMMANDMENTS">Archived</a> 7 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, (Translated by Henrietta Szold), Johns Hopkins University Press: 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-5890-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-5890-9">0-8018-5890-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Talmud Makkos 1:10 </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabbi_Ishmael" class="citation book cs1">Rabbi Ishmael. Horowitz-Rabin (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Mekhilta_de-Rabbi_Ishmael" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekhilta de-Rabbi Ishmael">Mekhilta</a>. pp. 233, Tractate de-ba-Hodesh, 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mekhilta&rft.pages=233%2C+Tractate+%27%27de-ba-Hodesh%27%27%2C+5&rft.au=Rabbi+Ishmael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargaliot2004" class="citation web cs1">Margaliot, Dr. Meshulam (July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biu.ac.il/JH/Parasha/eng/kitisa/mar.html">"What was Written on the Two Tablets?"</a>. Bar-Ilan University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060426185437/http://www.biu.ac.il/JH/Parasha/eng/kitisa/mar.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2006. Retrieved 20 September 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+was+Written+on+the+Two+Tablets%3F&rft.pub=Bar-Ilan+University&rft.date=2004-07&rft.aulast=Margaliot&rft.aufirst=Dr.+Meshulam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biu.ac.il%2FJH%2FParasha%2Feng%2Fkitisa%2Fmar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2032:15&version=nrsv">Exodus 32:15</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a>, tractate <a href="/wiki/Shabbat_(Talmud)" title="Shabbat (Talmud)">Shabbat</a> 104a. </li> <li id="cite_note-Glustrom-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glustrom_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glustrom_76-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glustrom_76-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glustrom_76-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glustrom_76-4">e</a> Simon Glustrom, The Myth and Reality of Judaism, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mythrealityofj00glus/page/113">pp. 113–114</a>. Behrman House (1989). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87441-479-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87441-479-2">0-87441-479-2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Yerushalmi Berakhot, Chapter 1, fol. 3c. See also Rabbi David Golinkin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myjewishlearning.com/holidays/Jewish_Holidays/Shavuot/In_the_Community/Torah_Reading_and_Haftarah/The_Ten_Commandments/In_Liturgy.shtml">Whatever Happened to the Ten Commandments?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090615182833/http://www.myjewishlearning.com/holidays/Jewish_Holidays/Shavuot/In_the_Community/Torah_Reading_and_Haftarah/The_Ten_Commandments/In_Liturgy.shtml">Archived</a> 15 June 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Talmud. tractate <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.12a">Berachot 12a.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612151250/https://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.12a">Archived</a> 12 June 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Beit_Yosef,_Orach_Chaim.1.14.1?vhe=Tur_Orach_Chaim,_Vilna,_1923&lang=bi">"Beit Yosef, Orach Chaim 1:14:1"</a>. www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 20 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Beit+Yosef%2C+Orach+Chaim+1%3A14%3A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FBeit_Yosef%2C_Orach_Chaim.1.14.1%3Fvhe%3DTur_Orach_Chaim%2C_Vilna%2C_1923%26lang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Shulchan_Arukh,_Orach_Chayim.1.5?vhe=Torat_Emet_363&lang=bi">"Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 1:5"</a>. www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 20 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Shulchan+Arukh%2C+Orach+Chayim+1%3A5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FShulchan_Arukh%2C_Orach_Chayim.1.5%3Fvhe%3DTorat_Emet_363%26lang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Berurah.1.16?lang=bi">"Mishnah Berurah 1:16"</a>. www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 20 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Mishnah+Berurah+1%3A16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FMishnah_Berurah.1.16%3Flang%3Dbi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Siddur_Ashkenaz,_Weekday,_Shacharit,_Post_Service,_Ten_Commandments.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">"Siddur Ashkenaz, Weekday, Shacharit, Post Service, Ten Commandments 1"</a>. www.sefaria.org. 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Retrieved 24 May 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaster1923" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Moses_Gaster" title="Moses Gaster">Gaster, Moses</a> (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shomron0.tripod.com/update12.19.2002o.html">"The Samaritan Tenth Commandment"</a>. The Samaritans, Their History, Doctrines and Literature. The <a href="/wiki/Schweich_Lectures" class="mw-redirect" title="Schweich Lectures">Schweich Lectures</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727202827/http://shomron0.tripod.com/update12.19.2002o.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Samaritans%2C+Their+History%2C+Doctrines+and+Literature&rft.atitle=The+Samaritan+Tenth+Commandment&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Gaster&rft.aufirst=Moses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshomron0.tripod.com%2Fupdate12.19.2002o.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraatenSeitz2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Braaten" title="Carl Braaten">Braaten, Carl E.</a>; Seitz, Christopher (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170708183205/https://www.questia.com/read/119916248/i-am-the-lord-your-god-christian-reflections-on">"Preface"</a>. I Am the Lord Your God. Grand Rapids, MI: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans" class="mw-redirect" title="William B. Eerdmans">William B. Eerdmans</a>. p. x. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/119916248/i-am-the-lord-your-god-christian-reflections-on">the original</a> on 8 July 2017. 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Cosimo, Inc. p. 413. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1602064829" title="Special:BookSources/978-1602064829"><bdi>978-1602064829</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ante-Nicene+Fathers&rft.pages=413&rft.pub=Cosimo%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1602064829&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2005" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Philip (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170708183205/https://www.questia.com/read/119916248/i-am-the-lord-your-god-christian-reflections-on">"The Ten Commandments in the Church in a Postmodern World"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Carl_Braaten" title="Carl Braaten">Braaten, Carl E.</a>; Seitz, Christopher (eds.). I Am the Lord Your God. Grand Rapids, MI: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans" class="mw-redirect" title="William B. Eerdmans">William B. Eerdmans</a>. p. 3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/119916248/i-am-the-lord-your-god-christian-reflections-on">the original</a> on 8 July 2017. 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Lexham Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1577995395" title="Special:BookSources/978-1577995395"><bdi>978-1577995395</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Dare+You+Not+to+Bore+Me+with+the+Bible&rft.pub=Lexham+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1577995395&rft.aulast=Heiser&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neal1843-89"><a href="#cite_ref-Neal1843_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeal1843" class="citation book cs1">Neal, Daniel (1843). The History of the Puritans, Or Protestant Non-conformists. 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Retrieved 13 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gospel+Coalition&rft.atitle=The+Old+Covenant+Is+Over.+The+Old+Testament+Is+Authoritative.&rft.date=2018-11&rft.aulast=Schreiner&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegospelcoalition.org%2Farticle%2Fold-covenant-response-andy-stanley%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ids.org/wp-content/uploads/articles/israel.pdf">A New Covenant Theology of Israel</a>, pp. 1, 4 </li> <li id="cite_note-Kreeft-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kreeft_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kreeft_93-1">b</a> Jan Kreeft, Catholic Christianity: A Complete Catechism of Catholic Beliefs Based on the Catechism of the Catholic Church, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/catholicchristia00kree/page/202">ch. 5</a>. Ignatius Press (2001). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89870-798-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-89870-798-6">0-89870-798-6</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kreeft201-94"><a href="#cite_ref-Kreeft201_94-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKreeft2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Kreeft, Peter</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/catholicchristia00kree">Catholic Christianity</a>. Ignatius Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89870-798-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-89870-798-6"><bdi>0-89870-798-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholic+Christianity&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-89870-798-6&rft.aulast=Kreeft&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcatholicchristia00kree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> pp. 201–203 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/catholicchristia00kree/page/201">Google preview p. 201</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Carmody-95"><a href="#cite_ref-Carmody_95-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarmody2004" class="citation book cs1">Carmody, Timothy R. (2004). Reading the Bible. <a href="/wiki/Paulist_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulist Press">Paulist Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-4189-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-4189-0"><bdi>978-0-8091-4189-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+the+Bible&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-4189-0&rft.aulast=Carmody&rft.aufirst=Timothy+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> p. 82 </li> <li id="cite_note-Cat-96"><a href="#cite_ref-Cat_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParagraph_number_2052–20741994" class="citation web cs1">Paragraph number 2052–2074 (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p3s2.htm">"Catechism of the Catholic Church"</a>. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226181028/http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p3s2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2009. 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Retrieved 7 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church&rft.pub=Libreria+Editrice+Vaticana&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Paragraph+number+1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2FENG0015%2F__P6W.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Catechism-98"><a href="#cite_ref-Catechism_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParagraph_number_1967–19681994" class="citation web cs1">Paragraph number 1967–1968 (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P6W.HTM">"Catechism of the Catholic Church"</a>. 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James Clarke & Co. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0227902202" title="Special:BookSources/978-0227902202"><bdi>978-0227902202</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Faith+to+Faith%3A+John+Wesley%27s+Covenant+Theology+and+the+Way+of+Salvation&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=James+Clarke+%26+Co&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0227902202&rft.aulast=Rodes&rft.aufirst=Stanley+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell2011-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell2011_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell2011_101-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2011" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Ted A. (2011). Methodist Doctrine: The Essentials, 2nd Edition. Abingdon Press. pp. 40, 68–69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1426753473" title="Special:BookSources/978-1426753473"><bdi>978-1426753473</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Methodist+Doctrine%3A+The+Essentials%2C+2nd+Edition&rft.pages=40%2C+68-69&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1426753473&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Ted+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Utter1913-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Utter1913_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Utter1913_102-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Sabbath Recorder, Volume 75. George B. Utter. 1913. p. 422. <q>The moral law contained in the Ten Commandments and enforced by the prophets, he (Christ) did not take away. It was not the design of his coming to revoke any part of this. This is a law which never can be broken. It stands fast as the faithful witness in heaven.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sabbath+Recorder%2C+Volume+75&rft.pages=422&rft.pub=George+B.+Utter&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dabovich-103"><a href="#cite_ref-Dabovich_103-0">^</a> Sebastian Dabovich, Preaching in the Russian Church, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/preachinginruss00dabogoog/page/n71">p. 65</a>. Cubery (1899). </li> <li id="cite_note-Hore36-104"><a href="#cite_ref-Hore36_104-0">^</a> Alexander Hugh Hore, Eighteen Centuries of the Orthodox Church, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eighteencenturi00horegoog/page/n38">p. 36</a>. J. Parker and Co. (1899). </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+1%3A1-5&version=NKJV">"Bible Gateway passage: Acts 1-8 - New King James Version"</a>. Bible Gateway. Retrieved 24 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+Acts+1-8+-+New+King+James+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DActs%2B1%253A1-5%26version%3DNKJV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah%2031%3A33-34&version=NKJV">"Bible Gateway passage: Jeremiah 31:33-34 - New King James Version"</a>. Bible Gateway. Retrieved 24 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+Jeremiah+31%3A33-34+-+New+King+James+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DJeremiah%252031%253A33-34%26version%3DNKJV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gotquestions.org/613-commandments.html">"What are the 613 commandments in the Old Testament Law?"</a>. GotQuestions.org. Retrieved 24 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GotQuestions.org&rft.atitle=What+are+the+613+commandments+in+the+Old+Testament+Law%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gotquestions.org%2F613-commandments.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_with_proofs/index.html?body=/documents/wcf_with_proofs/ch_XIX.html">"Westminster Confession of Faith: Chapter XIX – Of the Law of God"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172537/http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_with_proofs/index.html?body=%2Fdocuments%2Fwcf_with_proofs%2Fch_XIX.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Westminster+Confession+of+Faith%3A+Chapter+XIX+%E2%80%93+Of+the+Law+of+God&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reformed.org%2Fdocuments%2Fwcf_with_proofs%2Findex.html%3Fbody%3D%2Fdocuments%2Fwcf_with_proofs%2Fch_XIX.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sedgwick-109">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sedgwick_109-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sedgwick_109-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Sedgwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Timothy Sedgwick">Timothy Sedgwick</a>, The Christian Moral Life: Practices of Piety, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HFVg2jBgL3IC&pg=PA9">pp. 9–20</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505085708/https://books.google.com/books?id=HFVg2jBgL3IC&pg=PA9">Archived</a> 5 May 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Church Publishing (2008). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59627-100-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-59627-100-0">1-59627-100-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timberlandchurch.org/articles/are-we-under-the-ten-commandments-today">"Are We Under The Ten Commandments, Today?"</a>. Timberland Drive. Retrieved 24 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Timberland+Drive&rft.atitle=Are+We+Under+The+Ten+Commandments%2C+Today%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timberlandchurch.org%2Farticles%2Fare-we-under-the-ten-commandments-today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neverthirsty.org/bible-qa/qa-archives/question/do-we-have-to-keep-the-commandments-and-laws-given-in-the-old-testament/">"Do we have to keep the Ten Commandments given in the Old Testament?"</a>. NeverThirsty. Retrieved 24 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NeverThirsty&rft.atitle=Do+we+have+to+keep+the+Ten+Commandments+given+in+the+Old+Testament%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neverthirsty.org%2Fbible-qa%2Fqa-archives%2Fquestion%2Fdo-we-have-to-keep-the-commandments-and-laws-given-in-the-old-testament%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlmstead,_Thomas_F." class="citation web cs1">Olmstead, Thomas F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/2002/07/the-saviors-use-of-the-old-testament.p46?lang=eng">"The Savior's Use of the Old Testament"</a>. Ensign. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. p. 46. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190620144802/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/2002/07/the-saviors-use-of-the-old-testament.p46?lang=eng">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ensign&rft.atitle=The+Savior%27s+Use+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.pages=46&rft.au=Olmstead%2C+Thomas+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofjesuschrist.org%2Fstudy%2Fensign%2F2002%2F07%2Fthe-saviors-use-of-the-old-testament.p46%3Flang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mormon-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mormon_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mormon_113-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-topics/ten-commandments?lang=eng&_r=1">"Ten Commandments"</a>. Gospel Library. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190717013753/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-topics/ten-commandments?lang=eng&_r=1">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gospel+Library&rft.atitle=Ten+Commandments&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofjesuschrist.org%2Fstudy%2Fmanual%2Fgospel-topics%2Ften-commandments%3Flang%3Deng%26_r%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/12.34-36?lang=eng">"Mosiah 12:34–36"</a>. churchofjesuschrist.org. Retrieved 5 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mosiah+12%3A34%E2%80%9336&rft.pub=churchofjesuschrist.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofjesuschrist.org%2Fstudy%2Fscriptures%2Fbofm%2Fmosiah%2F12.34-36%3Flang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/12.34-36?lang=eng">"Mosiah 13:15–16"</a>. churchofjesuschrist.org. Retrieved 5 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mosiah+13%3A15%E2%80%9316&rft.pub=churchofjesuschrist.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofjesuschrist.org%2Fstudy%2Fscriptures%2Fbofm%2Fmosiah%2F12.34-36%3Flang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/12.34-36?lang=eng">"Mosiah 13:20–24"</a>. churchofjesuschrist.org. Retrieved 5 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mosiah+13%3A20%E2%80%9324&rft.pub=churchofjesuschrist.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofjesuschrist.org%2Fstudy%2Fscriptures%2Fbofm%2Fmosiah%2F12.34-36%3Flang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-encmorm-117"><a href="#cite_ref-encmorm_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCramer,_Lew_W.1992" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Cramer, Lew W. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eom.byu.edu/index.php/Abinadi">"Abinadi"</a>. In Ludlow, Daniel H. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Mormonism. New York: Macmillan. pp. 5–7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113061455/http://eom.byu.edu/index.php/Abinadi">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abinadi&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Mormonism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=5-7&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1992&rft.au=Cramer%2C+Lew+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feom.byu.edu%2Findex.php%2FAbinadi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ldsces.org/manuals/book-of-mormon-institute-student-manual/bm1996-05-mos-5-3.asp">Mosiah 13:11–26 :The Ten Commandments</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203050544/http://www.ldsces.org/manuals/book-of-mormon-institute-student-manual/bm1996-05-mos-5-3.asp">Archived</a> 3 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: "Some may wonder how Abinadi could have read the Ten Commandments that God gave to Moses. It should be remembered that the brass plates Nephi obtained contained the five books of Moses (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/5.10-11?lang=eng">Nephi 5:10–11</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191122145431/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/5.10-11?lang=eng">Archived</a> 22 November 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>). This record, which would have contained the Ten Commandments, had been passed down by Nephite prophets and record keepers. The previous scriptures were known to King Noah and his priests because they quoted from Isaiah and referred to the law of Moses (see Mosiah 12:20–24, 28)." </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_S._Monson" class="citation web cs1">Thomas S. Monson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/2011/10/stand-in-holy-places?lang=eng">"Stand in Holy Places – Thomas S. Monson"</a>. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190828014203/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/2011/10/stand-in-holy-places?lang=eng">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stand+in+Holy+Places+%E2%80%93+Thomas+S.+Monson&rft.pub=ChurchofJesusChrist.org&rft.au=Thomas+S.+Monson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofjesuschrist.org%2Fstudy%2Fgeneral-conference%2F2011%2F10%2Fstand-in-holy-places%3Flang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDallin_H._Oaks" class="citation web cs1">Dallin H. Oaks. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/2013/10/no-other-gods">"No Other Gods – Dallin H. Oaks"</a>. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. Retrieved 5 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+Other+Gods+%E2%80%93+Dallin+H.+Oaks&rft.pub=ChurchofJesusChrist.org&rft.au=Dallin+H.+Oaks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofjesuschrist.org%2Fstudy%2Fgeneral-conference%2F2013%2F10%2Fno-other-gods&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Law_of_the_Lord" title="Book of the Law of the Lord">Book of the Law of the Lord</a>, pp. 24–25. This commandment is number four in Strang's version of the Decalogue. </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Law_of_the_Lord" title="Book of the Law of the Lord">Book of the Law of the Lord</a>, pp. 38–46. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Qisas_Al-Anbiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Qisas Al-Anbiya">Qasas ul Anbiya</a> (Stories of the Prophets) Ibn Kathir </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> The Noble Quran, trans. Muhsin Khan; Taqi-ud-Din Hilali. Verse 7:145 </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> The Noble Quran, trans. Muhsin Khan; Taqi-ud-Din Hilali. Verse 7:154 </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=953&Itemid=61">Tafsir ibn Kathir</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130404143941/http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=953&Itemid=61">Archived</a> 4 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, see Chapter heading for the Commentary of Verse 6:151 </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> "In the Quran, the Ten Commandments are discussed in Surah Al-An'am, 6:151-153": <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillary_ThompsonEdward_F._DuffyErin_Dawson2017" class="citation book cs1">Hillary Thompson; Edward F. Duffy; Erin Dawson (7 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IUo8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA43">The Infographic Guide to the Bible: The Old Testament: A Visual Reference for Everything You Need to Know</a>. Simon and Schuster. pp. 43–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5072-0487-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5072-0487-0"><bdi>978-1-5072-0487-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Infographic+Guide+to+the+Bible%3A+The+Old+Testament%3A+A+Visual+Reference+for+Everything+You+Need+to+Know&rft.pages=43-&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2017-11-07&rft.isbn=978-1-5072-0487-0&rft.au=Hillary+Thompson&rft.au=Edward+F.+Duffy&rft.au=Erin+Dawson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIUo8DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussein_Naguib2014" class="citation book cs1">Hussein Naguib (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gCnooQEACAAJ">The Quranic Ten Commandments: This Is My Straight Path Al An'am (6:153)</a>. Hussein M. Naguib. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-615-99559-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-615-99559-5"><bdi>978-0-615-99559-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quranic+Ten+Commandments%3A+This+Is+My+Straight+Path+Al+An%27am+%286%3A153%29&rft.pub=Hussein+M.+Naguib&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-615-99559-5&rft.au=Hussein+Naguib&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgCnooQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> The numbering of the verses is given in bold while the numbering of the Commandments is in superscript. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> The Noble Quran, trans. Muhsin Khan; Taqi-ud-Din Hilali. Verses 6:151–153 </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> The Noble Quran, trans. Muhsin Khan; Taqi-ud-Din Hilali. Verse 6:154 </li> <li id="cite_note-Tafsir_ibn_Kathir-132">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tafsir_ibn_Kathir_132-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tafsir_ibn_Kathir_132-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=953&Itemid=61">Tafsir ibn Kathir</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130404143941/http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=953&Itemid=61">Archived</a> 4 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Commentary of verse 6:151. <a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_Nishapuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hakim Nishapuri">Al-Hakim</a> said, "Its chain is Sahih, and they (<a href="/wiki/Sihah_Sitta" class="mw-redirect" title="Sihah Sitta">Sihah Sitta</a>) did not record it." </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=953&Itemid=61">Tafsir ibn Kathir</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130404143941/http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=953&Itemid=61">Archived</a> 4 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Commentary of verse 6:151. <a href="/wiki/Isnad" title="Isnad">Isnad</a>: Dawud Al-Awdy narrated that, Ash-Sha`bi said that, Alqamah said that Ibn Mas`ud said (the above narration). </li> <li id="cite_note-newadvent.org-134">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newadvent.org_134-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-newadvent.org_134-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3806.htm">Synod of Laodicea (4th Century)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060615085940/http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3806.htm">Archived</a> 15 June 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – New Advent </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://studybible.info/compare/Exodus%2020:13">Exodus 20:13</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111021073544/http://studybible.info/compare/Exodus%2020:13">Archived</a> 21 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Multiple versions and languages. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0003_0_03145.html">Bloodguilt, Jewish Virtual Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910071944/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0003_0_03145.html">Archived</a> 10 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Genesis 4:10, Genesis 9:6, Genesis 42:22, Exodus 22:2–2, Leviticus 17:4, Leviticus 20, Numbers 20, Deuteronomy 19, Deuteronomy 32:43, Joshua 2:19, Judges 9:24, 1 Samuel 25, 2 Samuel 1, 2 Samuel 21, 1 Kings 2, 1 Kings 21:19, 2 Kings 24:4, Psalm 9:12, Psalm 51:14, Psalm 106:38, Proverbs 6:17, Isaiah 1:15, Isaiah 26:21, Jeremiah 22:17, Lamentations 4:13, Ezekiel 9:9, Ezekiel 36:18, Hosea 4:2, Joel 3:19, Habakkuk 2:8, Matthew 23:30–35, Matthew 27:4, Luke 11:50–51, Romans 3:15, Revelation 6:10, Revelation 18:24 </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> Matthew 5:21, Matthew 15:19, Matthew 19:19, Matthew 22:7, Mark 10:19, Luke 18:20, Romans 13:9, 1 Timothy 1:9, James 2:11, Revelation 21:8 </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> Matthew 23:30–35, Matthew 27:4, Luke 11:50–51, Romans 3:15, Revelation 6:10, Revelation 18:24 </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barnabas.net/index.php/chapters/424-chapter-32-statues-of-flesh">Chapter 32: Statues of Flesh</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180115071747/http://www.barnabas.net/index.php/chapters/424-chapter-32-statues-of-flesh">Archived</a> 15 January 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Barnabas.net </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110826202022/http://www.latrobe.edu.au/arts/barnabas/Barncoloured.html">Gospel of Barnabas chapter XXXIII</a> Latrobe Edu </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCirilloFremaux,_Michel1977" class="citation book cs1">Cirillo, Luigi; Fremaux, Michel (1977). Évangile de Barnabé. Beauchesne.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C3%89vangile+de+Barnab%C3%A9&rft.pub=Beauchesne&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Cirillo&rft.aufirst=Luigi&rft.au=Fremaux%2C+Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hore-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hore_142-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hore_142-1">b</a> Alexander Hugh Hore, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eighteencenturi00horegoog/page/n265">Eighteen Centuries of the Orthodox Church</a>, J. Parker and co. (1899) "The images or Icons, as they are called, of the Greek Church are not, it must be remarked, sculptured images, but flat pictures or mosaics; not even the Crucifix is sanctioned; and herein consists the difference between the Greek and Roman Churches, in the latter of which both pictures and statues are allowed, and venerated with equal honour." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eighteencenturi00horegoog/page/n265">p. 353</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> Collins, R. F. (1992). "Ten Commandments." In D. N. Freedman (Ed.), The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (Vol. 6, p. 386). New York: Doubleday </li> <li id="cite_note-Skolnik_Berenbaum_Thomson_Gale_(Firm)_2007-144"><a href="#cite_ref-Skolnik_Berenbaum_Thomson_Gale_(Firm)_2007_144-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTigay2007" class="citation book cs1">Tigay, Jeffrey Howard (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/bible/bible-general/adultery">"Adultery"</a>. In Skolnik, Fred; Berenbaum, Michael; Thomson Gale (Firm) (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/70174939.html">Encyclopaedia Judaica</a>. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). p. 424. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-866097-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-866097-4"><bdi>978-0-02-866097-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/123527471">123527471</a>. Retrieved 29 November 2019. <q>adultery constituted a violation of the husband's exclusive right to her</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Adultery&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Judaica&rft.pages=424&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F123527471&rft.isbn=978-0-02-866097-4&rft.aulast=Tigay&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fphilosophy-and-religion%2Fbible%2Fbible-general%2Fadultery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> Collins, R. F. (1992). "Ten Commandments." In D. N. Freedman (Ed.), The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (Vol. 6, p. 386). New York: Doubleday </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> Ginzberg, Louis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philologos.org/__eb-lotj/vol3/p03.htm#THE%20OTHER%20COMMANDMENTS%20REVEALED%20ON%20SINAI">The Legends of the Jews, Vol. III: The other Commandments Revealed on Sinai</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807032722/https://philologos.org/__eb-lotj/vol3/p03.htm#THE%20OTHER%20COMMANDMENTS%20REVEALED%20ON%20SINAI">Archived</a> 7 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, (Translated by Henrietta Szold), Johns Hopkins University Press: 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-5890-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-5890-9">0-8018-5890-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> Julius Wellhausen 1973 Prolegomena to the History of Israel Glouster, MA: Peter Smith. 392 </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> Levinson, Bernard M. (July 2002). "Goethe's Analysis of Exodus 34 and Its Influence on Julius Wellhausen: the Pfropfung of the Documentary Hypothesis". Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 114 (2): 212–223 </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> John Bright, 1972, pp. 146–147 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0VG67yLs-LAC&dq=%22A%20History%20of%20Israel%22&pg=PA146">4th ed. pp. 150–151</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160428085746/https://books.google.com/books?id=0VG67yLs-LAC&lpg=PA146&dq=%22A%20History%20of%20Israel%22&pg=PA146">Archived</a> 28 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> Cornfeld, Gaalyahu Ed Pictorial Biblical Encyclopedia, MacMillan 1964 p. 237 </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> John Bright, 1972, p. 165 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0VG67yLs-LAC&dq=%22A%20History%20of%20Israel%22&pg=PA146">4th ed. pp. 169–170</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160428085746/https://books.google.com/books?id=0VG67yLs-LAC&lpg=PA146&dq=%22A%20History%20of%20Israel%22&pg=PA146">Archived</a> 28 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-152"><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_152-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgenstern1927" class="citation cs2">Morgenstern, Julius (1927), The Oldest Document of the Hexateuch, vol. IV, HUAC</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oldest+Document+of+the+Hexateuch&rft.pub=HUAC&rft.date=1927&rft.aulast=Morgenstern&rft.aufirst=Julius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> Bright, John, 2000, A History of Israel 4th ed. p. 173. </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> John Bright, 1972, p. 166 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0VG67yLs-LAC&dq=%22A%20History%20of%20Israel%22&pg=PA146">4th ed. pp. 170+</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160428085746/https://books.google.com/books?id=0VG67yLs-LAC&lpg=PA146&dq=%22A%20History%20of%20Israel%22&pg=PA146">Archived</a> 28 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaufmann1960-155"><a href="#cite_ref-Kaufmann1960_155-0">^</a> Yehezkal Kaufmann 1960 The Religion of Israel: From its beginnings to the Babylonian Exile trans. and Abridged by Moshe Greenberg. New York: Schocken Books, pp. 174–175. </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> Israel Finkelstein, Neil Asher Silberman (2002). The Bible Unearthed, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111005145800/http://huc.edu/chronicle/68/articles/EtchedInStone.pdf">"Etched in Stone: The Emergence of the Decalogue"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://huc.edu/chronicle/68/articles/EtchedInStone.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 5 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Etched+in+Stone%3A+The+Emergence+of+the+Decalogue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhuc.edu%2Fchronicle%2F68%2Farticles%2FEtchedInStone.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> (99.8 KB), The Chronicle, Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion, Issue 68, 2006, p. 42. "a critical survey of biblical literature demonstrates no cognizance of the ten commandments prior to the post-exilic period (after 586 B.C.E.)" </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogue2023" class="citation book cs1">Hogue, Timothy S. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ek7XEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA130">The Ten Commandments: Monuments of Memory, Belief, and Interpretation</a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 130–131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-009-36689-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-009-36689-2"><bdi>978-1-009-36689-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ten+Commandments%3A+Monuments+of+Memory%2C+Belief%2C+and+Interpretation&rft.pages=130-131&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-009-36689-2&rft.aulast=Hogue&rft.aufirst=Timothy+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEk7XEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0504.htm#10">Deuteronomy 4:10–13</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0505.htm#22">5:22</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0509.htm#17">9:17</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0510.htm#1">10:1–5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Römer92-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Römer92_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Römer92_160-1">b</a> Thomas Römer, The Invention of God (Harvard University Press, 2015), p. 92. </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRömer2023" class="citation journal cs1">Römer, Thomas (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/99766658">"The mysteries of the Ark of the Covenant"</a>. Studia Theologica - Nordic Journal of Theology. 77 (2): 169–185. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0039338X.2023.2167861">10.1080/0039338X.2023.2167861</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0039-338X">0039-338X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Theologica+-+Nordic+Journal+of+Theology&rft.atitle=The+mysteries+of+the+Ark+of+the+Covenant&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=169-185&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0039338X.2023.2167861&rft.issn=0039-338X&rft.aulast=R%C3%B6mer&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F99766658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2034:28&version=nrsv">Exodus 34:28</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%2034:11–27&version=nrsv">Exodus 34:11–27</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha. Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> The Hebrew Bible: A Brief Socio-Literary Introduction. Norman Gottwald, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch. T. Desmond Alexander and David Weston Baker, 2003 </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> Commentary on the Torah. Richard Elliott Friedman, 2003 </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> Friedman, p. 153 </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> Friedman, p. 177 </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> Friedman, Richard Elliott. "Who Wrote The Bible?" 1987 pp. 73–74 </li> <li id="cite_note-Hitchens_2003-171"><a href="#cite_ref-Hitchens_2003_171-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitchens2003" class="citation web cs1">Hitchens, Christopher (27 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2003/08/dump-the-ten-commandments.html">"Dump the Ten Commandments"</a>. Slate Magazine. Retrieved 27 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate+Magazine&rft.atitle=Dump+the+Ten+Commandments.&rft.date=2003-08-27&rft.aulast=Hitchens&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fnews-and-politics%2F2003%2F08%2Fdump-the-ten-commandments.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Malina_2003_p.-172"><a href="#cite_ref-Malina_2003_p._172-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalinaRohrbaugh2003" class="citation book cs1">Malina, Bruce J.; Rohrbaugh, Richard L. (2003). Social-science commentary on the Synoptic Gospels. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. pp. 418–419. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8006-3491-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8006-3491-9"><bdi>978-0-8006-3491-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/53289866">53289866</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social-science+commentary+on+the+Synoptic+Gospels&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pages=418-419&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F53289866&rft.isbn=978-0-8006-3491-9&rft.aulast=Malina&rft.aufirst=Bruce+J.&rft.au=Rohrbaugh%2C+Richard+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abel_2018_p._19-173"><a href="#cite_ref-Abel_2018_p._19_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbel2018" class="citation book cs1">Abel, Michael K. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f80uEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT19">"Introduction"</a>. America Versus the Ten Commandments: Exploring One Nation's Commitment to Biblical Morality. Covenant Books, Incorporated. p. 19 fn. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64300-122-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64300-122-7"><bdi>978-1-64300-122-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=America+Versus+the+Ten+Commandments%3A+Exploring+One+Nation%27s+Commitment+to+Biblical+Morality&rft.pages=19+fn.+13&rft.pub=Covenant+Books%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-64300-122-7&rft.aulast=Abel&rft.aufirst=Michael+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df80uEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wright_2019_p._180-174"><a href="#cite_ref-Wright_2019_p._180_174-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2019" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Christopher J.H. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OfGBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180">Knowing God Through the Old Testament: Three Volumes in One</a>. InterVarsity Press. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-7207-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-7207-7"><bdi>978-0-8308-7207-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knowing+God+Through+the+Old+Testament%3A+Three+Volumes+in+One&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-7207-7&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Christopher+J.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOfGBDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Green_Lapsley_Miles_Verhey_2011_p._119-175"><a href="#cite_ref-Green_Lapsley_Miles_Verhey_2011_p._119_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2011" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, Christopher (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8fxBvvFu2l8C&pg=PA119">"Capital Punishment"</a>. 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Baker Publishing Group. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4412-3998-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4412-3998-3"><bdi>978-1-4412-3998-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Capital+Punishment&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Scripture+and+Ethics&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Baker+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4412-3998-3&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8fxBvvFu2l8C%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hobson_2011_p._14-176"><a href="#cite_ref-Hobson_2011_p._14_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobson2011" class="citation book cs1">Hobson, Tom (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hGRJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT14">What's On God's Sin List for Today?</a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62189-287-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62189-287-8"><bdi>978-1-62189-287-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What%27s+On+God%27s+Sin+List+for+Today%3F&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-62189-287-8&rft.aulast=Hobson&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhGRJAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Westbrook_Wells_2009_p._71-177"><a href="#cite_ref-Westbrook_Wells_2009_p._71_177-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestbrookWells2009" class="citation book cs1">Westbrook, Raymond; Wells, Bruce (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oLGfWXZuSMYC&pg=PA71">Everyday Law in Biblical Israel: An Introduction</a>. Presbyterian Publishing Corporation. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-23497-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-23497-3"><bdi>978-0-664-23497-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Everyday+Law+in+Biblical+Israel%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Presbyterian+Publishing+Corporation&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-664-23497-3&rft.aulast=Westbrook&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.au=Wells%2C+Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoLGfWXZuSMYC%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSked1989" class="citation book cs1">Sked, Alan (1989). 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London: Routledge. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780582356665" title="Special:BookSources/9780582356665"><bdi>9780582356665</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Decline+and+Fall+of+the+Habsburg+Empire%2C+1815-1918&rft.place=London&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780582356665&rft.aulast=Sked&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nance2008-179"><a href="#cite_ref-Nance2008_179-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgnieszka_Barbara_Nance2008" class="citation book cs1">Agnieszka Barbara Nance (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I9S5g8mpgj0C&pg=PA62">Literary and Cultural Images of a Nation Without a State: The Case of Nineteenth-Century Poland</a>. Peter Lang. pp. 62–64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-7866-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8204-7866-1"><bdi>978-0-8204-7866-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Literary+and+Cultural+Images+of+a+Nation+Without+a+State%3A+The+Case+of+Nineteenth-Century+Poland&rft.pages=62-64&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8204-7866-1&rft.au=Agnieszka+Barbara+Nance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI9S5g8mpgj0C%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHITEMurphy2001-170-180"><a href="#cite_ref-WHITEMurphy2001-170_180-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarry_WhiteMichael_Murphy2001" class="citation book cs1">Harry White; Michael Murphy (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wssMMxN4F1cC&pg=PA164">Musical Constructions of Nationalism: Essays on the History and Ideology of European Musical Culture, 1800-1945</a>. Cork University Press. p. 170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85918-153-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85918-153-9"><bdi>978-1-85918-153-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Musical+Constructions+of+Nationalism%3A+Essays+on+the+History+and+Ideology+of+European+Musical+Culture%2C+1800-1945&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=Cork+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-85918-153-9&rft.au=Harry+White&rft.au=Michael+Murphy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwssMMxN4F1cC%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProthero1920" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Walter_Prothero" class="mw-redirect" title="George Walter Prothero">Prothero, G. 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Retrieved 5 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Austrian+Poland&rft.series=Peace+handbooks&rft.pages=20-21&rft.pub=H.M.+Stationery+Office%2C+London%2C+via+World+Digital+Library&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Prothero&rft.aufirst=G.+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F9175%2Fview%2F1%2F32%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> Office of the Curator, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/northandsouthwalls.pdf">"Courtroom Friezes: North and South Walls"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713031226/https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/northandsouthwalls.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 July 2019. 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News.minnesota.publicradio.org. 10 September 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120129065822/http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200109/10_schmitzr_laxten-m/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MPR%3A+The+Ten+Commandments%3A+Religious+or+historical+symbol%3F&rft.pub=News.minnesota.publicradio.org&rft.date=2001-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.minnesota.publicradio.org%2Ffeatures%2F200109%2F10_schmitzr_laxten-m%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> PCUSA Assembly Committee on General Assembly Procedures D.3.a <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/3822/20160614072458/http://archive.pcusa.org/ga216/business/commbooks/comm03.pdf">https://wayback.archive-it.org/3822/20160614072458/http://archive.pcusa.org/ga216/business/commbooks/comm03.pdf</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> American Jewish Congress, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajcongress.org/site/PageServer?pagename=may03_03">AJCongress Voices Opposition to Courtroom Display of ten Commandments</a>," (16 May 2003) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140904031027/http://www.ajcongress.org/site/PageServer?pagename=may03_03">Archived</a> 4 September 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-supreme-court/449/39.html">"STONE v. 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Retrieved 23 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Texas+Tribune&rft.atitle=Public+schools+would+have+to+display+Ten+Commandments+under+bill+passed+by+Texas+Senate&rft.date=2023-04-20&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.texastribune.org%2F2023%2F04%2F20%2Ftexas-senate-passes-ten-commandments-bill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=88R&Bill=SB1515">SB 1515 88th Session Legislative Session</a>, Texas Legislature Online, April 23, 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodman2023" class="citation web cs1">Goodman, J. David (24 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/24/us/texas-ten-commandments-legislature.html">"Bill to Force Texas Public Schools to Display Ten Commandments Fails"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bill+to+Force+Texas+Public+Schools+to+Display+Ten+Commandments+Fails&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=J.+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F05%2F24%2Fus%2Ftexas-ten-commandments-legislature.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorton2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dodie_Horton" title="Dodie Horton">Horton, Dodie</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legis.la.gov/legis/BillInfo.aspx?i=245592">"HB71 SCHOOLS: Requires the display of the Ten Commandments in schools"</a>. legis.la.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legis.la.gov&rft.atitle=HB71+SCHOOLS%3A+Requires+the+display+of+the+Ten+Commandments+in+schools&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Dodie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegis.la.gov%2Flegis%2FBillInfo.aspx%3Fi%3D245592&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=1379435">https://legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=1379435</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-ASPrigger-A000-193"><a href="#cite_ref-ASPrigger-A000_193-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCline2024" class="citation news cs1">Cline, Sara (20 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-ten-commandments-displayed-classrooms-571a2447906f7bbd5a166d53db005a62">"Louisiana's public classrooms now have to display the Ten Commandments"</a>. apnews.com. Baton Rouge LA: Associated Press. Retrieved 20 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=apnews.com&rft.atitle=Louisiana%27s+public+classrooms+now+have+to+display+the+Ten+Commandments&rft.date=2024-06-20&rft.aulast=Cline&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Flouisiana-ten-commandments-displayed-classrooms-571a2447906f7bbd5a166d53db005a62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2024" class="citation news cs1">Clark, Fred (20 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.patheos.com/blogs/slacktivist/2024/05/20/louisiana-will-post-the-twelve-commandments-in-schools/">"Louisiana Will Post The Twelve Commandments In Schools"</a>. slacktivist. Retrieved 21 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=slacktivist&rft.atitle=Louisiana+Will+Post+The+Twelve+Commandments+In+Schools&rft.date=2024-05-20&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.patheos.com%2Fblogs%2Fslacktivist%2F2024%2F05%2F20%2Flouisiana-will-post-the-twelve-commandments-in-schools%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClineMcGill2024" class="citation web cs1">Cline, Sara; McGill, Kevin (12 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/ten-commandments-law-blocked-public-schools-louisiana-87b3dde94e583fdbb9ecb26db42b0206">"Federal judge blocks Louisiana law that requires classrooms to display Ten Commandments"</a>. AP News. Retrieved 12 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Federal+judge+blocks+Louisiana+law+that+requires+classrooms+to+display+Ten+Commandments&rft.date=2024-11-12&rft.aulast=Cline&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft.au=McGill%2C+Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Ften-commandments-law-blocked-public-schools-louisiana-87b3dde94e583fdbb9ecb26db42b0206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ap-inj.-196"><a href="#cite_ref-ap-inj._196-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGill2024" class="citation news cs1">McGill, Kevin (15 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/louisiana-schools-ten-commandments-bebd5993af3070e69614de641f4f511f">"Court temporarily limits scope of ruling that Louisiana's Ten Commandments law is unconstitutional"</a>. AP News. The Associated Press. Retrieved 17 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Court+temporarily+limits+scope+of+ruling+that+Louisiana%27s+Ten+Commandments+law+is+unconstitutional&rft.date=2024-11-15&rft.aulast=McGill&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Flouisiana-schools-ten-commandments-bebd5993af3070e69614de641f4f511f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0811106/">"The Ten"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200307211234/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0811106/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020 – via www.imdb.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0811106%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_Chandler2018" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Patrick Chandler (31 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wunGF3oMA0">History of the World Part 1 (Mel Brooks) - Old Testament - Moses - Ten Commandments</a>. Retrieved 14 September 2024 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+World+Part+1+%28Mel+Brooks%29+-+Old+Testament+-+Moses+-+Ten+Commandments&rft.date=2018-03-31&rft.au=Patrick+Chandler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D4wunGF3oMA0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Further_reading_cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This "<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout#Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Further reading</a>" section may need cleanup. Please read the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">editing guide</a> and help improve the section. (June 2015) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAaron2006" class="citation book cs1">Aaron, David H (2006). Etched in Stone: The Emergence of the Decalogue. Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-567-02791-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-567-02791-0"><bdi>0-567-02791-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etched+in+Stone%3A+The+Emergence+of+the+Decalogue&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-567-02791-0&rft.aulast=Aaron&rft.aufirst=David+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdrushin2009" class="citation book cs1">Abdrushin (2009). The Ten Commandments of God and the Lord's Prayer. Grail Foundation Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57461-004-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57461-004-8"><bdi>978-1-57461-004-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ten+Commandments+of+God+and+the+Lord%27s+Prayer&rft.pub=Grail+Foundation+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-57461-004-8&rft.au=Abdrushin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100523082204/http://the10com.org/index.html">The Ten Commandments of God and The Lord's Prayer</a></li> <li>Peter Barenboim, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.florentine-society.ru/pdf/Biblical_Roots_of_Separation_of_Powers.pdf">Biblical Roots of Separation of Powers, Moscow, 2005</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-94381-123-0" title="Special:BookSources/5-94381-123-0">5-94381-123-0</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoltwood2012" class="citation book cs1">Boltwood, Emily (2012). 10 Simple Rules of the House of Gloria. Tate Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62024-840-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62024-840-9"><bdi>978-1-62024-840-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=10+Simple+Rules+of+the+House+of+Gloria&rft.pub=Tate+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-62024-840-9&rft.aulast=Boltwood&rft.aufirst=Emily&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeharbe1912" class="citation book cs1">Deharbe, Joseph (1912). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Complete_Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Religion/Chap._II._The_Ten_Commandments_of_God">"Chap. II. The Ten Commandments of God" </a>. A Complete Catechism of the Catholic Religion. Translated by Rev. John Fander. Schwartz, Kirwin & Fauss.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chap.+II.+The+Ten+Commandments+of+God&rft.btitle=A+Complete+Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Religion&rft.pub=Schwartz%2C+Kirwin+%26+Fauss&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Deharbe&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedman2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Noel_Freedman" title="David Noel Freedman">Freedman, David Noel</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ninecommandments00free">The Nine Commandments. Uncovering a Hidden Pattern of Crime and Punishment in the Hebrew Bible</a>. Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-49986-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-49986-8"><bdi>0-385-49986-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nine+Commandments.+Uncovering+a+Hidden+Pattern+of+Crime+and+Punishment+in+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-385-49986-8&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.aufirst=David+Noel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fninecommandments00free&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Elliott_Friedman" title="Richard Elliott Friedman">Friedman, Richard Elliott</a> (1987). Who Wrote the Bible?. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-63161-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-63161-6"><bdi>0-671-63161-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Wrote+the+Bible%3F&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-671-63161-6&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Richard+Elliott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazony2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Hazony" title="David Hazony">Hazony, David</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tencommandmentsh0000hazo">The Ten Commandments: How Our Most Ancient Moral Text Can Renew Modern Life</a>. New York: Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-6235-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-6235-1"><bdi>978-1-4165-6235-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ten+Commandments%3A+How+Our+Most+Ancient+Moral+Text+Can+Renew+Modern+Life&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-6235-1&rft.aulast=Hazony&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftencommandmentsh0000hazo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufmann1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yehezkel_Kaufmann" title="Yehezkel Kaufmann">Kaufmann, Yehezkel</a> (1960). The Religion of Israel, From Its Beginnings To the Babylonian Exile. Translated by Moshe Greenberg. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Religion+of+Israel%2C+From+Its+Beginnings+To+the+Babylonian+Exile&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Kaufmann&rft.aufirst=Yehezkel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuntz2004" class="citation book cs1">Kuntz, Paul Grimley (2004). The Ten Commandments in History: Mosaic Paradigms for a Well-Ordered Society. Wm B Eerdmans Publishing, Emory University Studies in Law and Religion. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2660-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2660-1"><bdi>0-8028-2660-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ten+Commandments+in+History%3A+Mosaic+Paradigms+for+a+Well-Ordered+Society&rft.pub=Wm+B+Eerdmans+Publishing%2C+Emory+University+Studies+in+Law+and+Religion&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8028-2660-1&rft.aulast=Kuntz&rft.aufirst=Paul+Grimley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Markl, Dominik (2012): "The Decalogue in History: A Preliminary Survey of the Fields and Genres of its Reception", in: Zeitschrift für Altorientalische und Biblische Rechtsgeschichte – vol. 18, nº., pp. 279–293, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dominik-markl.at/docs/ZAR%2018%20Markl.pdf">pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224163901/http://www.dominik-markl.at/docs/ZAR%2018%20Markl.pdf">Archived</a> 24 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkl2013" class="citation book cs1">Markl, Dominik, ed. (2013). The Decalogue and its Cultural Influence. Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-909697-06-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-909697-06-5"><bdi>978-1-909697-06-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Decalogue+and+its+Cultural+Influence&rft.place=Sheffield&rft.pub=Sheffield+Phoenix+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-909697-06-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendenhall1973" class="citation book cs1">Mendenhall, George E (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tenthgenerationo0000mend">The Tenth Generation: The Origins of the Biblical Tradition</a>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-1267-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-1267-4"><bdi>0-8018-1267-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tenth+Generation%3A+The+Origins+of+the+Biblical+Tradition&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-8018-1267-4&rft.aulast=Mendenhall&rft.aufirst=George+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftenthgenerationo0000mend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendenhall2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_E._Mendenhall" title="George E. Mendenhall">Mendenhall, George E</a> (2001). Ancient Israel's Faith and History: An Introduction To the Bible in Context. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22313-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22313-3"><bdi>0-664-22313-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Israel%27s+Faith+and+History%3A+An+Introduction+To+the+Bible+in+Context&rft.place=Louisville&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-664-22313-3&rft.aulast=Mendenhall&rft.aufirst=George+E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussein_Naguib2014" class="citation book cs1">Hussein Naguib (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gCnooQEACAAJ">The Quranic Ten Commandments: This Is My Straight Path Al An'am (6:153)</a>. Hussein M. Naguib. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-615-99559-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-615-99559-5"><bdi>978-0-615-99559-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quranic+Ten+Commandments%3A+This+Is+My+Straight+Path+Al+An%27am+%286%3A153%29&rft.pub=Hussein+M.+Naguib&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-615-99559-5&rft.au=Hussein+Naguib&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgCnooQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatts2004" class="citation journal cs1">Watts, James W. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150214132154/http://moses.creighton.edu/jrs/2004/2004-13.pdf">"Ten Commandments Monuments and the Rivalry of Iconic Texts"</a> (PDF). Journal of Religion and Society. 6. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://moses.creighton.edu/jrs/2004/2004-13.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Religion+and+Society&rft.atitle=Ten+Commandments+Monuments+and+the+Rivalry+of+Iconic+Texts&rft.volume=6&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=James+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoses.creighton.edu%2Fjrs%2F2004%2F2004-13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATen+Commandments" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ten_Commandments&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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.sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Ten Commandments at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ten_Commandments" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Ten Commandments">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ten_Commandments" class="extiw" title="q:Ten Commandments">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Decalogue" class="extiw" title="s:The Decalogue">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments" class="extiw" title="b:The Ten Commandments">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ten_Commandments" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Ten Commandments">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li>Ten Commandments: Ex. 20 version <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0220.htm">text</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090529012941/http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0220.htm">Archived</a> 29 May 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.snunit.k12.il/kodeshm/mp3/t0220.mp3">MP3</a>); Deut. 5 version <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0505.htm">text</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080229023317/http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0505.htm">Archived</a> 29 February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.snunit.k12.il/kodeshm/mp3/t0505.mp3">MP3</a>); in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/index.htm">The Hebrew Bible in English</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080303194754/http://www.mechon-mamre.org/index.htm">Archived</a> 3 March 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) by Jewish Publication Society, 1917 ed.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ten_Commandments" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ten_Commandments" title="Template:Ten Commandments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ten_Commandments" title="Template talk:Ten Commandments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ten_Commandments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ten Commandments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ten_Commandments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ten Commandments</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a> · <a href="/wiki/Finger_of_God" title="Finger of God">Finger of God</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ritual_Decalogue" title="Ritual Decalogue">Ritual Decalogue</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commandments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_am_the_Lord_thy_God" title="I am the Lord thy God">I am the Lord thy God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_have_no_other_gods_before_me" title="Thou shalt have no other gods before me">Thou shalt have no other gods before me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_make_unto_thee_any_graven_image" title="Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image">Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_take_the_name_of_the_Lord_thy_God_in_vain" title="Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain">Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remember_the_sabbath_day,_to_keep_it_holy" title="Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy">Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour_thy_father_and_thy_mother" title="Honour thy father and thy mother">Honour thy father and thy mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_kill" title="Thou shalt not kill">Thou shalt not kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_commit_adultery" title="Thou shalt not commit adultery">Thou shalt not commit adultery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_steal" title="Thou shalt not steal">Thou shalt not steal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_bear_false_witness_against_thy_neighbour" title="Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour">Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thou_shalt_not_covet" title="Thou shalt not covet">Thou shalt not covet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_(Bible)" title="Mount Sinai (Bible)">Biblical Mount Sinai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Horeb" title="Mount Horeb">Mount Horeb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_seat" title="Mercy seat">lid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Book of Exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">The Exodus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Descent_from_Mount_Sinai_(Sistine_Chapel)" title="Descent from Mount Sinai (Sistine Chapel)">Descent from Mount Sinai (Sistine Chapel, 1481-1482 painting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_(Michelangelo)" title="Moses (Michelangelo)">Moses (c. 1513–1515 sculpture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_and_his_Ethiopian_wife_Zipporah" title="Moses and his Ethiopian wife Zipporah">Moses and his Ethiopian wife Zipporah (c. 1645-1650 painting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Breaking_the_Tablets_of_the_Law" title="Moses Breaking the Tablets of the Law">Moses Breaking the Tablets of the Law (1659 painting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Total_Abstinence_Union_Fountain" title="Catholic Total Abstinence Union Fountain">Catholic Total Abstinence Union Fountain</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Moses_(University_of_Notre_Dame)" title="Statue of Moses (University of Notre Dame)">Moses (1962 sculpture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_(1968)" title="Moses (1968)">Moses (1968 sculptures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moses_(3/3)" title="Moses (3/3)">3/3</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments_(1923_film)" title="The Ten Commandments (1923 film)">The Ten Commandments (1923 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments_(1956_film)" title="The Ten Commandments (1956 film)">The Ten Commandments (1956 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Dix_Commandements_(musical)" title="Les Dix Commandements (musical)">Les Dix Commandements (2000 musical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments:_The_Musical" title="The Ten Commandments: The Musical">The Ten Commandments (2004 musical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments_(miniseries)" title="The Ten Commandments (miniseries)">The Ten Commandments (2006 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_(film)" title="The Ten (film)">The Ten (2007 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments_(2007_film)" title="The Ten Commandments (2007 film)">The Ten Commandments (2007 film) </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_(2010_American_drama_film)" title="I Am (2010 American drama film)">I Am (2010 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments:_The_Movie" title="The Ten Commandments: The Movie">The Ten Commandments (2016 film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">In Catholic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabot" title="Tabot">Tabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternatives_to_the_Ten_Commandments" title="Alternatives to the Ten Commandments">Alternatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/613_commandments" title="613 commandments">613 commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Laws_of_Noah" title="Seven Laws of Noah">Seven Laws of Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rule" title="Golden Rule">Golden Rule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_the_Bible" title="Ethics in the Bible">Ethics in the Bible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ark_of_the_Covenant_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Template:Ark of the Covenant"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Template talk:Ark of the Covenant"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ark of the Covenant"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ark_of_the_Covenant_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Kohanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levite" title="Levite">Levites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezalel" title="Bezalel">Bezalel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Judah" title="Tribe of Judah">Tribe of Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oholiab" title="Oholiab">Oholiab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehath" title="Kehath">Kehath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Levi" title="Tribe of Levi">Tribe of Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzzah" title="Uzzah">Uzzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelik_I" title="Menelik I">Menelik I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_seat" title="Mercy seat">Mercy seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manna" title="Manna">Manna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron%27s_rod" title="Aaron's rod">Aaron's rod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_(bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Sinai (bible)">Biblical Mount Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Horeb" title="Mount Horeb">Mount Horeb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ai_(Canaan)" title="Ai (Canaan)">Ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiloh_(biblical_city)" title="Shiloh (biblical city)">Shiloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibeah" title="Gibeah">Gibeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgal" title="Gilgal">Gilgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben-Ezer" title="Eben-Ezer">Eben-Ezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistine_captivity_of_the_Ark" title="Philistine captivity of the Ark">Philistia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beth Shemesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiriath-Jearim" title="Kiriath-Jearim">Kiriath-Jearim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_of_Souls" title="Well of Souls">Well of Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres_Cathedral" title="Chartres Cathedral">Cathedral of Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tana_Qirqos" title="Tana Qirqos">Tana Qirqos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_Mary_of_Zion" title="Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion">Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_and_the_Seal" title="The Sign and the Seal">The Sign and the Seal</a> (1992 book)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Seven_virtues_in_Christian_ethics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christian_virtue_ethics" title="Template:Christian virtue ethics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christian_virtue_ethics" title="Template talk:Christian virtue ethics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christian_virtue_ethics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christian virtue ethics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Seven_virtues_in_Christian_ethics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Seven_virtues" title="Seven virtues">Seven virtues</a> in <a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Christian ethics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Four <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_virtues" title="Cardinal virtues">cardinal virtues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prudence" title="Prudence">Prudence</a> (Prudentia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_(virtue)" title="Justice (virtue)">Justice</a> (Iustitia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courage" title="Courage">Fortitude</a> (Fortitudo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)" title="Temperance (virtue)">Temperance</a> (Temperantia)</li></ul> <ul><li>Sources: <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_(Plato)" title="Republic (Plato)">Republic</a>, Book IV</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Faith,_Hope_and_Love,_Mary_Lizzie_Macomber.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Faith, Hope and Love, as portrayed by Mary Lizzie Macomber (1861–1916)"><img alt="Faith, Hope and Love, as portrayed by Mary Lizzie Macomber (1861–1916)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Faith%2C_Hope_and_Love%2C_Mary_Lizzie_Macomber.jpg/100px-Faith%2C_Hope_and_Love%2C_Mary_Lizzie_Macomber.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Faith%2C_Hope_and_Love%2C_Mary_Lizzie_Macomber.jpg/150px-Faith%2C_Hope_and_Love%2C_Mary_Lizzie_Macomber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Faith%2C_Hope_and_Love%2C_Mary_Lizzie_Macomber.jpg/200px-Faith%2C_Hope_and_Love%2C_Mary_Lizzie_Macomber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="1001" /></a><figcaption>Faith, Hope and Love, as portrayed by Mary Lizzie Macomber (1861–1916)</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Three <a href="/wiki/Theological_virtues" title="Theological virtues">theological virtues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Christianity" title="Faith in Christianity">Faith</a> (Fides)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_(virtue)" title="Hope (virtue)">Hope</a> (Spes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_(Christian_virtue)" title="Charity (Christian virtue)">Love</a> (Caritas)</li></ul> <ul><li>Sources: <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Corinthians_13" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Corinthians 13">1 Corinthians 13</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Seven lively virtues versus <a href="/wiki/Seven_deadly_sins" title="Seven deadly sins">Seven deadly sins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chastity" title="Chastity">Chastity</a> (Castitas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)" title="Temperance (virtue)">Temperance</a> (Temperantia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_(Christian_virtue)" title="Charity (Christian virtue)">Charity</a> (Caritas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diligence" title="Diligence">Diligence</a> (Diligentia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindness" title="Kindness">Kindness</a> (Humanitas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patience" title="Patience">Patience</a> (Patientia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humility" title="Humility">Humility</a> (Humilitas)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lust" title="Lust">Lust</a> (Luxuria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluttony" title="Gluttony">Gluttony</a> (Gula)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greed" title="Greed">Greed</a> (Avaritia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloth_(deadly_sin)" title="Sloth (deadly sin)">Sloth</a> (Acedia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anger" title="Anger">Wrath</a> (Ira)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envy" title="Envy">Envy</a> (Invidia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride" title="Pride">Pride</a> (Superbia)</li></ul> <ul><li>Source: <a href="/wiki/Prudentius" title="Prudentius">Prudentius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychomachia" title="Psychomachia">Psychomachia</a></li></ul> <ul><li>People: <a href="/wiki/Evagrius_Ponticus" title="Evagrius Ponticus">Evagrius Ponticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cassian" title="John Cassian">John Cassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Binsfeld" title="Peter Binsfeld">Peter Binsfeld</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_sin" title="Christian views on sin">Sin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_the_Old_Covenant" title="Christian views on the Old Covenant">Old Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamartiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamartiology">Hamartiology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Christian philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Book_of_Deuteronomy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Template:Book of Deuteronomy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Template talk:Book of Deuteronomy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Book of Deuteronomy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Book_of_Deuteronomy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Book of Deuteronomy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deuteronomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devarim_(parsha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Devarim (parsha)">1–3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Va%27etchanan" title="Va'etchanan">3–7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eikev" title="Eikev">7–11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re%27eh" title="Re'eh">11–16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shofetim_(parsha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shofetim (parsha)">16–21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_Teitzei" title="Ki Teitzei">21–25</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deuteronomy_22" title="Deuteronomy 22">22</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_Tavo" title="Ki Tavo">26–29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitzavim" title="Nitzavim">29–30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayelech" title="Vayelech">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haazinu" title="Haazinu">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Moses" title="Song of Moses">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessing_of_Moses" title="Blessing of Moses">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%27Zot_HaBerachah" title="V'Zot HaBerachah">33–34</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parashah" title="Parashah">Parashah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devarim_(parsha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Devarim (parsha)">Devarim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Va%27etchanan" title="Va'etchanan">Va'etchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eikev" title="Eikev">Eikev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re%27eh" title="Re'eh">Re'eh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shofetim_(parsha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shofetim (parsha)">Shofetim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_Teitzei" title="Ki Teitzei">Ki Teitzei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_Tavo" title="Ki Tavo">Ki Tavo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitzavim" title="Nitzavim">Nitzavim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayelech" title="Vayelech">Vayelech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haazinu" title="Haazinu">Haazinu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%27Zot_HaBerachah" title="V'Zot HaBerachah">V'Zot HaBerachah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadesh_(biblical)" title="Kadesh (biblical)">Kadesh–barnea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moab" title="Moab">Moab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Nebo" title="Mount Nebo">Mount Nebo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Kohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levite" title="Levite">Levite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_of_Israel" title="Gathering of Israel">Gathering of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Jewish holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Moses" title="Song of Moses">Song of Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuteronomic_Code" title="Deuteronomic Code">Deuteronomic Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asherah_pole" title="Asherah pole">Asherah pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shedim" title="Shedim">Shedim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shema_Yisrael" class="mw-redirect" title="Shema Yisrael">Shema Yisrael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4Q41" title="4Q41">4Q41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q122" title="4Q122">4Q122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Fouad_266" title="Papyrus Fouad 266">Papyrus Fouad 266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Rylands_458" title="Papyrus Rylands 458">Papyrus Rylands 458</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deuteronomist" title="Deuteronomist">Deuteronomist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuteronomy_Rabbah" title="Deuteronomy Rabbah">Deuteronomy Rabbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekhilta_le-Sefer_Devarim" title="Mekhilta le-Sefer Devarim">Mekhilta le-Sefer Devarim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sifre#Sifre_to_Deuteronomy" title="Sifre">Sifre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Textual variants in the Book of Deuteronomy">Textual variants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox 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