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You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Tista' tara u tikkopja s-sors ta' din il-paġna. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="mt" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Infobox city}} '''Bordeaux''' (pronunzjata: /bɔːrˈdoʊ/ ''bor-DOH'', bil-[[Lingwa Franċiża|Franċiż]]: [bɔʁdo]; bl-Oċċitan ta' Gascon: ''Bordèu'' [buɾˈðɛw]; bil-Bask: ''Bordele'') hija belt portwali max-xmara [[Garonne]] fid-dipartiment Franċiż ta' Gironde, fil-Lbiċ ta' [[Franza]]. Hija l-[[belt kapitali]] tar-reġjun ta' [[New Aquitaine]], kif ukoll tal-prefettura tad-dipartiment ta' Gironde. L-abitanti tal-belt jissejħu ''"Bordelais"'' (bil-maskil) jew ''"Bordelaises"'' (bil-femminil). It-terminu "Bordelais" jista' jirreferi wkoll għall-belt u għar-reġjun tal-madwar. Il-belt ta' Bordeaux kellha popolazzjoni ta' 259,809 ruħ fl-2020 fi ħdan territorju muniċipali żgħir ta' 49 km<sup>2</sup> (19-il mil kwadru), iżda flimkien mas-subborgi tagħha u l-irħula tal-madwar, iż-żona metropolitana ta' Bordeaux kellha popolazzjoni ta' 1,376,375 ruħ fl-istess sena (skont iċ-ċensiment ta' Jannar 2020), jiġifieri s-sitt belt l-iżjed popolata fi Franza wara [[Pariġi]], [[Lyon]], [[Marsilja]], [[Lille]] u [[Toulouse]].<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/3698339|titlu=Historique des populations communales {{!}} Insee|sit=www.insee.fr|data-aċċess=2023-04-17}}</ref> Bordeaux u 27 muniċipalità suburbani jiffurmaw flimkien il-Metropoli ta' Bordeaux, awtorità metropolitana eletta indirettament li issa hija responsabbli għal kwistjonijiet metropolitani usa'. Il-Metropoli ta' Bordeaux, b'popolazzjoni ta' 819,604 ruħ fiċ-ċensiment ta' Jannar 2020, hija l-ħames metropoli l-iktar popolata fi Franza wara dawk ta' Pariġi, Marsilja, Lyon u Lille.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=-206354,5677024,263644,145195&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&s=2020&selcodgeo=243300316&t=A01&view=map4|titlu=Insee - Statistiques locales|sit=statistiques-locales.insee.fr|data-aċċess=2023-04-18}}</ref> Bordeaux hija kapitali dinjija tal-inbid:<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/joanneshurvell/2019/07/31/five-reasons-to-visit-the-worlds-wine-capital-bordeaux/|titlu=Five Reasons To Visit The World's Wine Capital, Bordeaux|kunjom=Shurvell|isem=Joanne|sit=Forbes|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2023-04-18}}</ref> hemm bosta kastelli u vinji fix-xaqlibiet tal-għoljiet tal-Gironde, u l-belt tospita l-ikbar fiera ewlenija dinjija tal-inbid, Vinexpo. Bordeaux hija wkoll wieħed miċ-ċentri tat-turiżmu gastronomiku<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.thelocal.fr/20170615/bordeaux-beats-paris-and-lyon-to-first-place-on-list-of-frances-best-cities-for-restaurants|titlu=Bordeaux Gastronimique|sit=|data-aċċess=2023-04-18|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104093507/https://www.thelocal.fr/20170615/bordeaux-beats-paris-and-lyon-to-first-place-on-list-of-frances-best-cities-for-restaurants|arkivju-data=2020-11-04|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> u kummerċjali għall-organizzazzjoni ta' kungressi internazzjonali. Hija post ċentrali u strateġiku għas-settur tal-ajrunawtika militari u spazjali, fejn għandhom is-sede tagħhom kumpaniji internazzjonali bħal Dassault Aviation, Ariane Group, Safran u Thalès. Ir-rabta mal-avjazzjoni tmur lura għall-1910, is-sena meta tar l-ewwel ajruplan fuq il-belt. Tinsab f'salib it-toroq għall-għarfien permezz tar-riċerka universitarja, u tospita wieħed miż-żewġ lasers ta' megajoule fid-[[Id-Dinja|dinja]], kif ukoll popolazzjoni universitarja ta' iżjed minn 130,000 student fi ħdan il-Metropoli ta' Bordeaux.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.investirlmnp.fr/actualites/classement-2019-des-villes-etudiantes-les-plus-importantes-en-france-146|titlu=Classement 2019 des villes étudiantes par nombre d'étudiants|sit=www.investirlmnp.fr|data-aċċess=2023-04-18}}</ref> Bordeaux hija destinazzjoni turistika internazzjonali għall-wirt arkitettoniku u kulturali tagħha, b'iktar minn 350 [[monument]] storiku<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.bordeaux2030.fr/bordeaux-unesco/|titlu=Bordeaux Unesco {{!}} Bordeaux 2030|data=2020-11-03|sit=web.archive.org|data-aċċess=2023-04-18|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103104343/http://www.bordeaux2030.fr/bordeaux-unesco/|arkivju-data=2020-11-03|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>, u b'hekk wara Pariġi hija l-belt bl-iżjed monumenti elenkati jew irreġistrati fi Franza. Il-"Ġawhra ta' ''Aquitaine''" ġiet ivvutata bħala d-Destinazzjoni [[Ewropa|Ewropea]] tas-sena fi stħarriġ online li sar fl-2015.<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://my.asiatatler.com/life/bordeaux-european-destination-of-the-year|titlu=Bordeaux named European destination of the year {{!}} Tatler Malaysia|data=2020-11-04|sit=web.archive.org|data-aċċess=2023-04-18|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104155055/https://my.asiatatler.com/life/bordeaux-european-destination-of-the-year|arkivju-data=2020-11-04|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Il-metropoli ngħatat ukoll premjijiet u klassifikazzjonijiet pożittivi minn organizzazzjonijiet internazzjonali. Pereżempju fl-1957 Bordeaux ingħatat il-Premju Ewropa għall-isforzi tagħha fit-trażmissjoni tal-ideal Ewropew. F'Ġunju 2007, il-"Port tal-[[Qamar]]" fiċ-ċentru storiku ta' Bordeaux tniżżel fil-lista tas-[[Sit ta' Wirt Dinji|Siti ta' Wirt Dinji]] tal-[[UNESCO]] bħala kumpless arkitettoniku u urban straordinarju u bħala rikonoxximent tal-importanza internazzjonali ta' Bordeaux matul l-aħħar 2,000 sena.<ref name=":0">{{Ċita web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1256/|titlu=Bordeaux, Port of the Moon|kunjom=Centre|isem=UNESCO World Heritage|sit=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2023-04-18}}</ref> Bordeaux hija kklassifikata wkoll bħala belt ta' Suffiċjenza min-Network tar-Riċerka dwar il-Globalizzazzjoni u l-Bliet Dinjin. == Sit ta' Wirt Dinji == Bordeaux, il-Port tal-Qamar, ġiet iddeżinjata bħala Sit ta' Wirt Dinji tal-UNESCO fl-2007 fil-31 sessjoni tal-Kumitat tal-Wirt Dinji.<ref name=":0" /> Il-valur universali straordinarju tas-sit ġie rrikonoxxut abbażi ta' żewġ kriterji tal-għażla tal-UNESCO: il-'''kriterju (ii)''' "Wirja ta' skambju importanti ta' valuri umani, tul perjodu ta' żmien jew fi ħdan żona [[Kultura|kulturali]] fid-dinja, dwar l-iżviluppi fl-arkitettura jew it-teknoloġija, [[L-Arti|l-arti]] monumentali, l-ippjanar tal-bliet jew id-disinn tal-pajsaġġ"; u l-'''kriterju (iv)''' "Eżempju straordinarju ta' tip ta' bini, ta' grupp ta' siti jew ta' pajsaġġ arkitettoniku jew teknoloġiku li joħroġ fid-dieher stadju/i sinifikanti fl-[[Storja|istorja]] tal-[[bniedem]]".<ref name=":0" /> == Trasport == '''<big>Trasport pubbliku</big>''' Bordeaux u l-metropoli tagħha għandhom netwerk importanti tat-trasport pubbliku. Dan in-netwerk huwa operat mill-kumpanija Keolis Bordeaux Métropole, sussidjarja tal-grupp Keolis li tmexxi n-netwerk permezz ta’ kuntratt ta’ delegazzjoni tas-servizz pubbliku. Il-ħolqien tan-netwerk tat-tramm kien akkumpanjat minn proġett ta 'ippjanar urban li ttrasforma kompletament Bordeaux. It-traffiku tal-karozzi kien limitat fiċ-ċentru tal-belt, li ġiet rinnovata b'mod estensiv. Xogħlijiet ta’ tisbiħ, bħall-iżviluppi tul il-mollijiet, u l-prijorità mogħtija lill-persuni mexjin għamlu l-belt attraenti b’impatti sinifikanti f’termini ta’ akkomodazzjoni u turiżmu. In-netwerk strutturat fil-biċċa l-kbira tkabbir urban li kien ikkonċentrat tul il-linji tat-tramm il-ġodda. [[Stampa:XDSC 7576-tramway-Bordeaux-ligne-B-place-des-Quinconces.jpg|alt=It-tramm (B) quddiem Place des Quinconces|nofs|daqsminuri|It-tramm (B) quddiem Place des Quinconces]] In-netwerk huwa magħmul minn: 4 linji tat-tramm (A) (B) (C) (D) li jammontaw għal netwerk ta' kważi 90 kilometru ta' linji tat-tramm; 85 linja regolari tal-karozzi tal-linja; 230 linja regolari tal-karozzi tal-linja TransGironde li jaqdu l-metropoli kollha u d-dipartiment tal-Gironde. Dan in-netwerk iservi t-28 muniċipalità ta’ Bordeaux Métropole mill-5 a.m. sas-1 a.m. (2 a.m. fl-aħħar tal-ġimgħa). '''<big>Trasport tax-xmara</big>''' Li jitilqu minn Quai Louis XVIII, biswit Quinconces, dgħajjes joffru mixjiet tax-xmajjar u kruċieri tul il-faċċati tas-seklu 18. Ix-shuttle tax-xmara dgħajsa-xarabank (Le Bateau), magħmul minn erba’ dgħajjes ibridi (elettriku u diesel) mibnija fil-port ta’ Gujan-Mestras, jgħaqqad iż-żewġ banek tal-Garonne. Din il-linja hija parti min-netwerk TBM. '''<big>Trasport bl-Ajru</big>''' L-[[ajruport ta' Bordeaux]], li jinsab f'Mérignac, huwa s-6 ajruport reġjonali fi Franza (7.7 miljun passiġġier fl-2019). Aktar minn 140 titjira ta’ kuljum jgħaqqdu Bordeaux ma’ 76 destinazzjoni fl-[[Ewropa]]. L-ajruport huwa aċċessibbli mir-ring road iżda wkoll permezz tat-trasport pubbliku permezz tal-linja tat-tramm (A) u linja tal-karozzi tal-linja. [[Stampa:Aéroport Bx Mérignac.JPG|alt=Ajruport Bordeaux-Mérignac|nofs|daqsminuri|Ajruport Bordeaux-Mérignac]] '''<big>Trasport bil-ferrovija</big>''' Bordeaux hija junction ferrovjarja importanti bejn [[Pariġi]] u [[Spanja]]. L-istazzjon ta’ Bordeaux-Saint-Jean huwa moqdi minn bosta TGVs minn jew lejn [[Pariġi|Pariġi-Montparnasse]], [[Toulouse|Toulouse-Matabiau]], [[Lille|Lille-Flandres]], [[Strasburgu]]-Ville, Arcachon, eċċ., kif ukoll minn ferroviji Intercités minn jew lejn id-destinazzjoni [[Nantes]], [[Marsilja|Marsilja-Saint -Charles]] u Paris-Austerlitz. [[Stampa:Gare Bordeaux Saint Jean - Bordeaux (FR33) - 2022-09-12 - 3.jpg|alt=Barra ta' Gare Saint-Jean|nofs|daqsminuri|Barra ta' Gare Saint-Jean]] Mit-2 ta’ Lulju 2017, bil-wasla tal-[[LGV Sud Europe Atlantique]], il-ħin tal-vjaġġ biex tintlaħaq il-kapital huwa ta’ sagħtejn 4. L-attendenza rdoppjat skont l-SNCF. Il-ferroviji dehru fl-1841 f'Bordeaux bil-ftuħ tal-linja bejn Bordeaux u La Teste mill-Kumpanija tal-Ferroviji Bordeaux għal La Teste. Imbagħad ġie inawgurat l-ewwel stazzjon tal-ferrovija f’Bordeaux (Bordeaux-Ségur). Dan l-istazzjon ġie sostitwit minn kwartieri u kien jinsab fil-livell attwali ta’ rue de Pessac. L-[[istazzjon Bordeaux-Saint-Jean]] inbena mill-1855 taħt l-isem [[Gare du Midi]]. L-għaqda fl-1934 bejn il-Compagnie du Midi u l-Compagnie du Paris-Orléans wasslet għat-tmiem definittiv tal-istazzjon Bordeaux-Bastide. Il-bini li kien jokkupa l-istazzjon ta' Bastide-Orléans imbagħad ġie mibdul f'ċinema. == Relazzjonijiet internazzjonali == === Ġemellaġġi === Bordeaux hija ġemellata ma':<ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%C2%A0et%C2%A0international|titlu=Bordeaux : Découvrir Bordeaux - Europe et International|data=|sit=web.archive.org|data-aċċess=|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207154903/http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%C2%A0et%C2%A0international|arkivju-data=2013-02-07|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-recherche-resultat.asp?searchField=bordeaux&x=36&y=14|titlu=France-Diplomatie - Atlas français de la coopération décentralisée et des autres actions extérieures|data=2013-02-07|sit=web.archive.org|data-aċċess=2023-04-18|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207152951/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-recherche-resultat.asp?searchField=bordeaux&x=36&y=14|arkivju-data=2013-02-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Ashdod]], [[Iżrael]], mill-1984; * [[Bilbao]], [[Spanja]]; * [[Baku]], l-[[Ażerbajġan]], mill-1985; * [[Bristol]], ir-[[Renju Unit]], mill-1947; * [[Casablanca]], il-[[Marokk]], mill-1988; * [[Fukuoka]], il-[[Ġappun]], mill-1982; * [[Krakovja]], il-[[Polonja]], mill-1993; * [[Lima]], il-[[Perù]], mill-1957; * [[Los Angeles]], California, l-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti]], mill-1968; * [[Madrid]], Spanja, mill-1984; * [[Munich]], il-[[Ġermanja]], mill-1964; * [[Oran]], l-[[Alġerija]], mill-2003; * [[Porto]], il-[[Portugall]], mill-1978; * [[Québec (belt)|Quebec (belt)]], il-[[Kanada]], mill-1962; * [[Ramallah]], il-[[Palestina]]; * [[Riga]], il-[[Latvja]]; * [[San Pietruburgu]], ir-[[Russja]], mill-1993; * [[Wuhan]], iċ-[[Ċina]], mill-1998. === Sħubijiet === * [[Samsun]], it-[[Turkija]], mill-2010. == Gallerija == <gallery widths="140" heights="140" perrow="6"> Stampa:Le Palais Gallien vestige gallo-romain à Bordeaux.jpg|Fdalijiet ta' anfiteatru [[Imperu Ruman|Ruman]]. Stampa:Cathédrale St André Bordeaux 3.jpg|Il-[[Katidral]] ta' Bordeaux (Saint André). Stampa:Bordeaux Porte Cailhau R02.jpg|Id-daħla magħrufa bħala Porte Cailhau. Stampa:Grand Théâtre Bordeaux.jpg|Il-Grand Théâtre. Stampa:Bordeaux Notre-Dame R01.jpg|Il-Knisja ta' Notre Dame, Bordeaux. Stampa:151 - Le Pont de Pierre - Bordeaux.jpg|Pont de Pierre. Stampa:Bordeaux - Basilique Saint-Michel - Vue générale.jpg|Il-Bażilika ta' [[San Mikiel]]. Stampa:Puerta de Burdeos.JPG|L-arloġġ il-kbir (Grosse cloche). Stampa:026 - Hôtel de ville Place Pey-Berland - Bordeaux.jpg|Palais Rohan (il-muniċipju). Stampa:FacadeSainteCroixBordeauxsoir.jpg|Il-Knisja ta' Sainte-Croix. Stampa:Bordeaux Place du Parlement R01.jpg|Place du Parlement (il-[[Pjazza]] tal-Parlament). Stampa:Synagogue Bx 5.jpg|Is-Sinagoga l-Kbira. Stampa:Façades de deux ouvrages Art Déco du Quartier Lescure (Bordeaux).jpg|Il-faċċati tad-distrett tal-Art Déco. Stampa:Darwin - Magasin général.jpg|Id-distrett ta' Darwin. Stampa:Basesousmarine.JPG|Protezzjoni għas-sottomarini mill-attakki mill-ajru. </gallery> == Biblijografija == * Chantal Callais and Thierry Jeanmonod (2019). Bordeaux : a history of architecture. La Crèche: La Geste. <nowiki>ISBN 979-10-353-0188-0</nowiki>. * François Hubert, Christian Block and Jacques de Cauna (2018). Bordeaux in the 18th century : trans-Atlantic trading and slavery (2nd ed.). Bordeaux: Le Festin. <nowiki>ISBN 978-2-36062-009-8</nowiki>. == Referenzi == [[Kategorija:Bliet Ewropej]] [[Kategorija:Siti ta' Wirt Dinji Kulturali]] [[Kategorija:Bliet ta' Franza]] [[Kategorija:Franza]] [[Kategorija:Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fi Franza]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Mudelli wżati f'din il-paġna: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudell:Bandierapajji%C5%BC2" title="Mudell:Bandierapajjiż2">Mudell:Bandierapajjiż2</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudell:Bandierapajji%C5%BC2&action=edit" title="Mudell:Bandierapajjiż2">editja</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mudell:Cal_coor" title="Mudell:Cal coor">Mudell:Cal coor</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudell:Cal_coor&action=edit" title="Mudell:Cal coor">editja</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Mudell:Cal_coor/type_wd" title="Mudell:Cal coor/type wd">Mudell:Cal coor/type wd</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudell:Cal_coor/type_wd&action=edit" title="Mudell:Cal coor/type wd">editja</a>) 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