CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Pale ale - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"80cfcb17-70be-4949-9b2f-df0dde3bbf77","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Pale_ale","wgTitle":"Pale ale","wgCurRevisionId":1259581173,"wgRevisionId":1259581173,"wgArticleId":154062,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","All accuracy disputes","Accuracy disputes from February 2020","All articles with bare URLs for citations","Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use British English from May 2018","Use dmy dates from May 2015","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2024","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023", "All articles with self-published sources","Articles with self-published sources from February 2020","Articles containing Irish-language text","Beer styles"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Pale_ale","wgRelevantArticleId":154062,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true, "wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2271859","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready" };RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/THAT_Brewery_Bearfoot_Pale_Ale.jpg/1200px-THAT_Brewery_Bearfoot_Pale_Ale.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/THAT_Brewery_Bearfoot_Pale_Ale.jpg/800px-THAT_Brewery_Bearfoot_Pale_Ale.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1067"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/THAT_Brewery_Bearfoot_Pale_Ale.jpg/640px-THAT_Brewery_Bearfoot_Pale_Ale.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="853"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Pale ale - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_ale"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_ale"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Pale_ale rootpage-Pale_ale skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pale+ale" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pale+ale" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pale+ale" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pale+ale" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Amber_ale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amber_ale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Amber ale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amber_ale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_pale_ale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_pale_ale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>American pale ale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_pale_ale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australian_pale_ale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australian_pale_ale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Australian pale ale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australian_pale_ale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bière_de_garde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bière_de_garde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span><i>Bière de garde</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bière_de_garde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blonde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blonde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Blonde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blonde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burton_pale_ale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burton_pale_ale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Burton pale ale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burton_pale_ale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English_bitter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_bitter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>English bitter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_bitter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India_pale_ale_(IPA)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India_pale_ale_(IPA)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>India pale ale (IPA)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India_pale_ale_(IPA)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irish_red_ale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irish_red_ale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Irish red ale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irish_red_ale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strong_pale_ale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strong_pale_ale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Strong pale ale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strong_pale_ale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pale ale</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB_%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Пейл ейл – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пейл ейл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_ale" title="Pale ale – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pale ale" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_Ale" title="Pale Ale – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pale Ale" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_Ale" title="Pale Ale – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pale Ale" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_ale" title="Pale ale – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pale ale" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_ale" title="Pale ale – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pale ale" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="پیل ایل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیل ایل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C3%A8re_ambr%C3%A9e" title="Bière ambrée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bière ambrée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%BC_%EC%97%90%EC%9D%BC" title="페일 에일 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페일 에일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_ale" title="Pale ale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pale ale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_ale" title="Pale ale – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pale ale" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ペールエール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペールエール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_ale" title="Pale ale – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pale ale" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_ale" title="Pale ale – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pale ale" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BB-%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Пейл-эль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пейл-эль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hivy_(beer)" title="Hivy (beer) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hivy (beer)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_ale" title="Pale ale – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pale ale" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_ale" title="Pale ale – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pale ale" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_ale" title="Pale ale – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pale ale" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE" title="淡愛爾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="淡愛爾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2271859#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pale_ale" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Pale_ale" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pale_ale"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pale_ale"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Pale_ale" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Pale_ale" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&oldid=1259581173" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Pale_ale&id=1259581173&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPale_ale"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPale_ale"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pale_ale&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pale_ales" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2271859" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of ale</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Pale_lager" title="Pale lager">Pale lager</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:THAT_Brewery_Bearfoot_Pale_Ale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/THAT_Brewery_Bearfoot_Pale_Ale.jpg/170px-THAT_Brewery_Bearfoot_Pale_Ale.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/THAT_Brewery_Bearfoot_Pale_Ale.jpg/255px-THAT_Brewery_Bearfoot_Pale_Ale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/THAT_Brewery_Bearfoot_Pale_Ale.jpg/340px-THAT_Brewery_Bearfoot_Pale_Ale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2717" data-file-height="3623" /></a><figcaption>A dark amber American-brewed pale ale</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pale ale</b> is a golden to amber coloured <a href="/wiki/Beer_style" title="Beer style">beer style</a> brewed with <a href="/wiki/Pale_malt" class="mw-redirect" title="Pale malt">pale malt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term first appeared in England around 1703 for beers made from <a href="/wiki/Malt" title="Malt">malts</a> dried with high-carbon <a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">coke</a>, which resulted in a lighter colour than other beers popular at that time. Different brewing practices and <a href="/wiki/Hops" title="Hops">hop</a> quantities have resulted in a range of tastes and strengths within the pale ale family. Pale ale is in the family of <a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">Ales</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">Coke</a> had been first used for dry roasting malt in 1642, but it was not until around 1703 that the term <i>pale ale</i> was first applied to beers made from such malt. By 1784, advertisements appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Hickey%27s_Bengal_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Hickey's Bengal Gazette"><i>Calcutta Gazette</i></a> for "light and excellent" pale ale.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1830, the expressions <i>bitter</i> and <i>pale ale</i> were synonymous. Breweries tended to designate beers as "pale ales", though customers would commonly refer to the same beers as "bitters". It is thought that customers used the term <i>bitter</i> to differentiate these pale ales from other less noticeably hopped beers such as <a href="/wiki/Porter_(beer)" title="Porter (beer)">porters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mild_ale" title="Mild ale">milds</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>By the mid to late 20th century, while brewers were still labelling bottled beers as pale ales, they had begun identifying cask beers as "bitters", except those from <a href="/wiki/Burton_on_Trent" class="mw-redirect" title="Burton on Trent">Burton on Trent</a>, which tend to be referred to as "pale ales".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Different brewing practices and <a href="/wiki/Hops" title="Hops">hop</a> levels have resulted in a range of taste and strength within the pale ale family.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amber_ale">Amber ale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Amber ale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Belgium_Fat_Tire_Amber_Ale_(15718952987).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/New_Belgium_Fat_Tire_Amber_Ale_%2815718952987%29.jpg/150px-New_Belgium_Fat_Tire_Amber_Ale_%2815718952987%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/New_Belgium_Fat_Tire_Amber_Ale_%2815718952987%29.jpg/225px-New_Belgium_Fat_Tire_Amber_Ale_%2815718952987%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/New_Belgium_Fat_Tire_Amber_Ale_%2815718952987%29.jpg/300px-New_Belgium_Fat_Tire_Amber_Ale_%2815718952987%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>A lighter amber American-brewed "amber" ale</figcaption></figure> <p>Collier Brothers of London applied for the UK trademark of <i>The Amber Ale</i> in 1876 and the trademark was maintained through changes in ownership until it expired as UK00000009744 in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was a "pure delicately hopped Pale Ale" positioned between their light bitter and IPA.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the expiry of the trademark some traditional British bitters have been rebranded as amber ales, in some cases to distinguish them from golden ales sold under the same brand eg <a href="/wiki/Shepherd_Neame" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepherd Neame">Shepherd Neame</a> Spitfire.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i>Amber ale</i> is an emerging term used in Australia, France (as <i>ambrée</i>), Belgium and the Netherlands and North America for pale ales brewed with a proportion of <a href="/wiki/Mash_ingredient#Amber_malt" class="mw-redirect" title="Mash ingredient">amber malt</a> and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Mash_ingredient#Crystal_malt" class="mw-redirect" title="Mash ingredient">crystal malt</a> to produce an amber colour generally ranging from light copper to light brown.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small amount of crystal or other coloured malt is added to the basic pale ale base to produce a slightly darker colour, as in some Irish and British pale ales.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In France the term "<i>ambrée</i>" is used to signify a beer, either cold or warm fermented, which is amber in colour; the beer, as in <a href="/wiki/Pelforth" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelforth">Pelforth</a> <i>ambrée</i> and Fischer amber, may be a <a href="/wiki/Vienna_lager" class="mw-redirect" title="Vienna lager">Vienna lager</a>, or it may be a <i><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A8re_de_garde" class="mw-redirect" title="Bière de garde">bière de garde</a></i> as in Jenlain <i>ambrée</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In North America, American-variety <a href="/wiki/Hops" title="Hops">hops</a> are used in amber ales with varying degrees of bitterness, although very few examples are particularly hoppy.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Diacetyl" title="Diacetyl">Diacetyl</a> is barely perceived or is absent in an amber ale.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_pale_ale">American pale ale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: American pale ale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/American_pale_ale" title="American pale ale">American pale ale</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sierra_Nevada_Pale_Ale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sierra_Nevada_Pale_Ale.jpg/220px-Sierra_Nevada_Pale_Ale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sierra_Nevada_Pale_Ale.jpg/330px-Sierra_Nevada_Pale_Ale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sierra_Nevada_Pale_Ale.jpg/440px-Sierra_Nevada_Pale_Ale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_Brewing_Company" title="Sierra Nevada Brewing Company">Sierra Nevada</a> Pale Ale, a prototypical American pale ale</figcaption></figure> <p>Anchor Liberty Ale, a 6% abv ale originally brewed by the <a href="/wiki/Anchor_Brewing_Company" title="Anchor Brewing Company">Anchor Brewing Company</a> as a special in 1975 to commemorate <a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere" title="Paul Revere">Paul Revere</a>'s "Midnight Ride" in 1775, was seen by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson_(writer)" title="Michael Jackson (writer)">Michael Jackson</a>, a writer on beverages, as the first modern American ale.<sup id="cite_ref-Liberty_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liberty-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Maytag" title="Fritz Maytag">Fritz Maytag</a>, the owner of Anchor, visited British breweries in London, Yorkshire and <a href="/wiki/Burton_upon_Trent_brewing" class="mw-redirect" title="Burton upon Trent brewing">Burton upon Trent</a>, picking up information about robust pale ales, which he applied when he made his American version, using just malt rather than the malt and sugar combination common in brewing at that time, and making prominent use of the American hop, <a href="/wiki/Cascade_hops" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascade hops">Cascade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Liberty_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liberty-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1983, it was commonly found.<sup id="cite_ref-Liberty_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liberty-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mosher_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mosher-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The brewery thought to be the first to successfully use significant quantities of American hops in the notably hoppy style of an APA and use the specific name "pale ale" was the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_Brewing_Company" title="Sierra Nevada Brewing Company">Sierra Nevada Brewing Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It brewed the first experimental batch of Sierra Nevada Pale Ale in November 1980,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> distributing the finished version in March 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other pioneers of a hoppy American pale ale are <a href="/wiki/Jack_McAuliffe_(brewer)" title="Jack McAuliffe (brewer)">Jack McAuliffe</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_Albion_Brewing_Company" title="New Albion Brewing Company">New Albion Brewing Company</a> and Bert Grant of <a href="/wiki/Yakima_Brewing" title="Yakima Brewing">Yakima Brewing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>American pale ales are generally around 5% abv, with significant quantities of American hops, typically Cascade.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although American-brewed beers tend to use a cleaner yeast, and American <a href="/wiki/Two_row" class="mw-redirect" title="Two row">two row</a> malt,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (February 2020)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup> it the use of strong American hops in particular that distinguish an APA from a British or European pale ale.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The style is close to the American <a href="/wiki/India_pale_ale" title="India pale ale">India pale ale</a> (IPA), and boundaries blur,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though IPAs are stronger and more assertively hopped.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (February 2020)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup> The style is also close to <a href="#Amber_ale">amber ale</a>, though these are darker and maltier due to the use of crystal malts.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australian_pale_ale">Australian pale ale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Australian pale ale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Australian pale ale</b> is pale ale that is produced in Australia and developed in Australia around 1990s. Australian pale ales are generally around 6% abv with significant quantities of Australian hops, typically <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaxy hop">Galaxy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bière_de_garde"><span id="Bi.C3.A8re_de_garde"></span><i>Bière de garde</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bière de garde"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A8re_de_Garde" title="Bière de Garde">Bière de Garde</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3Monts-Btl-and-Gls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/3Monts-Btl-and-Gls.jpg/150px-3Monts-Btl-and-Gls.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/3Monts-Btl-and-Gls.jpg/225px-3Monts-Btl-and-Gls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/3Monts-Btl-and-Gls.jpg/300px-3Monts-Btl-and-Gls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="985" /></a><figcaption>A <i>bière de garde</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Bière de garde</i>, or "keeping beer", is a pale ale traditionally brewed in the <a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a> region of France. These beers were usually brewed by farmhouses in the winter and spring, to avoid unpredictable problems with the yeast during the summertime. </p><p>The origin of the name lies in the tradition that it was matured or cellared for a period of time once bottled (most were sealed with a cork), to be consumed later in the year, akin to a <a href="/wiki/Saison_(ale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saison (ale)">saison</a>. </p><p>Among the better French known "<i>bières de garde</i>" are <a href="/wiki/Brasserie_de_Saint-Sylvestre" title="Brasserie de Saint-Sylvestre">Brasserie de Saint-Sylvestre</a>, Trois Monts, Brasseurs Duyck, <a href="/wiki/Jenlain_(beer)" title="Jenlain (beer)">Jenlain</a> and Brasserie La Choulette, <i>ambrée.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blonde">Blonde</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Blonde"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blonde ales are very pale in colour. The term "blonde" for pale beers is common in Europe and South America – particularly in France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, the UK, and Brazil – though the beers may not have much in common, other than colour. Blondes tend to be clear, crisp, and dry, with low-to-medium bitterness and aroma from hops, and some sweetness from malt. Fruitiness from <a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">esters</a> may be perceived. A lighter body from higher <a href="/wiki/Carbonation" title="Carbonation">carbonation</a> may be noticed. </p><p>In the United Kingdom, golden or summer ales were developed in the late 20th century by breweries to compete with the <a href="/wiki/Pale_lager" title="Pale lager">pale lager</a> market. A typical golden ale has an appearance and profile similar to that of a pale lager. Malt character is subdued and the hop profile ranges from spicy to citrus; common hops include Styrian Golding and Cascade. Alcohol is in the 4% to 5% abv range. The UK style is attributed to John Gilbert, owner of <a href="/wiki/Hop_Back_Brewery" title="Hop Back Brewery">Hop Back Brewery</a>, who developed "Summer Lightning" in 1989, which won several awards and inspired numerous imitators.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Belgian_beer#Blonde_or_golden_ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian beer">Belgian blondes</a> are often made with <a href="/wiki/Pilsner_malt" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilsner malt">pilsner malt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-webb81_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webb81-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some beer writers regard blonde and golden ales as distinct styles, while others do not. <a href="/wiki/Duvel" class="mw-redirect" title="Duvel">Duvel</a> is a typical Belgian blonde ale, and one of the most popular bottled beers in the country<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as being well known internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burton_pale_ale">Burton pale ale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Burton pale ale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Late in the second half of the nineteenth century, the recipe for pale ale was put into use by the <a href="/wiki/Burton_upon_Trent" title="Burton upon Trent">Burton upon Trent</a> brewers, notably <a href="/wiki/Bass_brewery" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass brewery">Bass</a>; ales from Burton were considered of a particularly high quality due to synergy between the malt and hops in use and local water chemistry, especially the presence of <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a>. Burton retained absolute dominance in pale ale brewing<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until a chemist, C. W. Vincent, discovered the process of <a href="/wiki/Burtonization" class="mw-redirect" title="Burtonization">Burtonization</a> to reproduce the chemical composition of the water from Burton-upon-Trent, thus giving any brewery the capability to brew pale ale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_bitter">English bitter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: English bitter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bitter_(beer)" title="Bitter (beer)">Bitter (beer)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Page_24_Pale_Ale_beer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Page_24_Pale_Ale_beer.jpg/150px-Page_24_Pale_Ale_beer.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Page_24_Pale_Ale_beer.jpg/225px-Page_24_Pale_Ale_beer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Page_24_Pale_Ale_beer.jpg/300px-Page_24_Pale_Ale_beer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A French craft version of an English-style pale ale</figcaption></figure> <p>The expression <i>English bitter</i> first appeared in the early 19th century as part of the development and spread of pale ale.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Breweries tended to designate beers as "pale ales", though customers would commonly refer to the same beers as "bitters". It is thought that customers used the term <i>bitter</i> to differentiate these pale ales from other less noticeably hopped beers. Drinkers tend to loosely group modern bitters into "session" or "ordinary" bitters (up to 4.1% abv), "best" or "special" bitters (between 4.2% and 4.7% abv) and "strong" bitters (4.8% abv and over).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India_pale_ale_(IPA)"><span id="India_pale_ale_.28IPA.29"></span>India pale ale (IPA)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: India pale ale (IPA)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/India_pale_ale" title="India pale ale">India pale ale</a></div> <p>India pale ale (IPA) is a style of pale ale developed in England for export to India. The first known use of the expression "India pale ale" is in an advertisement in the <i>Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser</i> on 27 August 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Worthington_White_Shield" class="mw-redirect" title="Worthington White Shield">Worthington White Shield</a>, originating in Burton-upon-Trent, is a beer considered to be part of the development of India pale ale. </p><p>The colour of an IPA can vary from a light gold to a reddish amber. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Irish_red_ale">Irish red ale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Irish red ale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_pint_of_Smithwick%27s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/A_pint_of_Smithwick%27s.jpg/150px-A_pint_of_Smithwick%27s.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/A_pint_of_Smithwick%27s.jpg/225px-A_pint_of_Smithwick%27s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/A_pint_of_Smithwick%27s.jpg/300px-A_pint_of_Smithwick%27s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2358" data-file-height="3144" /></a><figcaption>A pint of <a href="/wiki/Smithwick%27s" title="Smithwick's">Smithwick's</a>, the genre-defining Irish red ale</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Irish_red_ale" title="Irish red ale">Irish red ale</a></div> <p>The term "Irish red ale" was popularised in the United States and subsequently exported worldwide. The additional variants "red ale", "Irish ale" (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">leann dearg</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and "Irish red", have come to be used by brewers mainly in <a href="/wiki/Irish_beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish beer">Ireland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, less so elsewhere. <a href="/wiki/Smithwick%27s" title="Smithwick's">Smithwick's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny_(beer)" title="Kilkenny (beer)">Kilkenny</a> are typical examples of macro-brewed commercial Irish red ale. There are many other smaller and craft examples, such as O'Hara's, Sullivan's, Murphy's, Porterhouse and Franciscan Well. </p><p>Irish red ales are characterised by their malt profile and typically have a sweet, caramel or toffee-like taste, low bitterness and amber to red colour - hence the name.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Irish brewers have increasingly adopted the term Irish Red Ale to distinguish their beers in both the domestic and international markets. In the US, the name can also be used simply to describe a darker amber ale, or the abbreviated term "Irish Red" applied to a "reddish" beer brewed as a <a href="/wiki/Lager" title="Lager">lager</a> and ambered with caramel colouring - for example <a href="/wiki/Killian%27s" title="Killian's">Killian's Irish Red</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strong_pale_ale">Strong pale ale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Strong pale ale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Strong pale ales are ales made predominantly with pale malts and have an alcohol strength that may start around 5%, though typically at 7 or 8% by volume, and may go up to 12%, though some brewers have been pushing the alcohol strength higher to produce novelty beers. In 1994, the <a href="/wiki/Hair_of_the_Dog_Brewing_Company" title="Hair of the Dog Brewing Company">Hair of the Dog Brewing Company</a> produced a strong pale ale with an alcohol by volume of 29%. In 2010, Brewdog released "Sink the Bismarck!", a 41% abv pale ale,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is stronger than typical U.S. <a href="/wiki/Distilled_spirits" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilled spirits">distilled spirits</a> (40% abv). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160608150337/http://www.beer-pages.com/protz/features/ipa.htm">"Roger Protz on India Pale ale"</a>. www.beer-pages.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beer-pages.com/protz/features/ipa.htm">the original</a> on 8 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roger+Protz+on+India+Pale+ale&rft.pub=www.beer-pages.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beer-pages.com%2Fprotz%2Ffeatures%2Fipa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaige_Williams2003" class="citation journal cs1">Paige Williams (May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GOECAAAAMBAJ&q=pale+ale+compared+to+dark+beer&pg=PA104">"Atlanta, Vol. 43, No. 1"</a>. <i>Atlanta</i>. Emmis Communications: 104. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6701">0004-6701</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atlanta&rft.atitle=Atlanta%2C+Vol.+43%2C+No.+1&rft.pages=104&rft.date=2003-05&rft.issn=0004-6701&rft.au=Paige+Williams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGOECAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Dpale%2Bale%2Bcompared%2Bto%2Bdark%2Bbeer%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD._E._BriggsJ._S._HoughR._StevensTom_W._Young1982" class="citation book cs1">D. E. Briggs; J. S. Hough; R. Stevens; Tom W. Young (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ciA6-YMTI-UC&q=Pale+ale+colour&pg=PA810"><i>Malting and Brewing Science</i></a>. Springer. p. 810. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8342-1684-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8342-1684-6"><bdi>978-0-8342-1684-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malting+and+Brewing+Science&rft.pages=810&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-8342-1684-6&rft.au=D.+E.+Briggs&rft.au=J.+S.+Hough&rft.au=R.+Stevens&rft.au=Tom+W.+Young&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DciA6-YMTI-UC%26q%3DPale%2Bale%2Bcolour%26pg%3DPA810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteele2013" class="citation book cs1">Steele, Mitch (10 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=182QAwAAQBAJ&dq=Calcutta+Gazette+for+%22light+and+excellent%22+pale+ale&pg=PA26"><i>IPA: Brewing Techniques, Recipes and the Evolution of India Pale Ale</i></a>. Brewers Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-938469-02-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-938469-02-2"><bdi>978-1-938469-02-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IPA%3A+Brewing+Techniques%2C+Recipes+and+the+Evolution+of+India+Pale+Ale&rft.pub=Brewers+Publications&rft.date=2013-09-10&rft.isbn=978-1-938469-02-2&rft.aulast=Steele&rft.aufirst=Mitch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D182QAwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DCalcutta%2BGazette%2Bfor%2B%2522light%2Band%2Bexcellent%2522%2Bpale%2Bale%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beer-pages.com/protz/features/ipa.htm">India Pale Ale</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160608150337/http://www.beer-pages.com/protz/features/ipa.htm">Archived</a> 8 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Roger Protz, beer-pages.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trademarks.ipo.gov.uk/ipo-tmcase/page/Results/1/UK00000009744">"Trade mark number UK00000009744"</a>. UK Intellectual Property Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trade+mark+number+UK00000009744&rft.pub=UK+Intellectual+Property+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrademarks.ipo.gov.uk%2Fipo-tmcase%2Fpage%2FResults%2F1%2FUK00000009744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0001716/18790524/078/0008">"Collier Brothers advert"</a>. <i>Tottenham and Edmonton Weekly Herald</i>. The British Newspaper Archive. 24 May 1879. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tottenham+and+Edmonton+Weekly+Herald&rft.atitle=Collier+Brothers+advert&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1879-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk%2Fviewer%2FBL%2F0001716%2F18790524%2F078%2F0008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beerhunter.com/documents/19133-001393.html">James Squire Amber Ale</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191417/http://www.beerhunter.com/documents/19133-001393.html">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson_(writer)" title="Michael Jackson (writer)">Michael Jackson</a> 1 October 2001: "The designation Amber Ale is to be taken seriously".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120729205655/http://www.craftbeer.com/pages/style-finder/american-ales">"CraftBeer.com - American Ales"</a>. <i>craftbeer.com</i>. 29 July 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.craftbeer.com/pages/style-finder/american-ales">the original</a> on 29 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=craftbeer.com&rft.atitle=CraftBeer.com+-+American+Ales&rft.date=2012-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.craftbeer.com%2Fpages%2Fstyle-finder%2Famerican-ales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ratebeer.com/beer/duyck-jenlain-ambree/4677/">"Duyck Jenlain Ambrée"</a>. <i>ratebeer.com</i>. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2011</span>. <q>Jenlain Ambrée</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ratebeer.com&rft.atitle=Duyck+Jenlain+Ambr%C3%A9e&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ratebeer.com%2Fbeer%2Fduyck-jenlain-ambree%2F4677%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themonk.com.au/styles-of-beer/">"Styles of Beer"</a>. <i>themonk.com.au</i>. 28 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=themonk.com.au&rft.atitle=Styles+of+Beer&rft.date=2023-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themonk.com.au%2Fstyles-of-beer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beermonthclub.com/beer-style-guide-ales">"Ale Styles Guide - IPA & Ale Beer Styles | Beer of the Month Club"</a>. <i>The Microbrewed Beer of the Month Club</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Microbrewed+Beer+of+the+Month+Club&rft.atitle=Ale+Styles+Guide+-+IPA+%26+Ale+Beer+Styles+%7C+Beer+of+the+Month+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beermonthclub.com%2Fbeer-style-guide-ales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liberty-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Liberty_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liberty_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Liberty_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Jackson1997" class="citation book cs1">Michael Jackson (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NuFJAAAAYAAJ&q=Anchor+Liberty+Ale"><i>Michael Jackson's beer companion</i></a>. Running Press. pp. 161–162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780762402014" title="Special:BookSources/9780762402014"><bdi>9780762402014</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michael+Jackson%27s+beer+companion&rft.pages=161-162&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780762402014&rft.au=Michael+Jackson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNuFJAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DAnchor%2BLiberty%2BAle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mosher-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mosher_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandy_Mosher2011" class="citation book cs1">Randy Mosher (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JAIqQHkjXC8C&q=American+Pale+Ale&pg=PA212"><i>Tasting Beer</i></a>. Storey. p. 212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781603420891" title="Special:BookSources/9781603420891"><bdi>9781603420891</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tasting+Beer&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Storey&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781603420891&rft.au=Randy+Mosher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJAIqQHkjXC8C%26q%3DAmerican%2BPale%2BAle%26pg%3DPA212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSam_Calagione2011" class="citation book cs1">Sam Calagione (19 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-md8xL0EBgkC&q=sierra+nevada+pale+ale+history&pg=PT120"><i>Brewing Up a Business</i></a>. John Wiley and Sons, 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118061879" title="Special:BookSources/9781118061879"><bdi>9781118061879</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brewing+Up+a+Business&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons%2C+2011&rft.date=2011-01-19&rft.isbn=9781118061879&rft.au=Sam+Calagione&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-md8xL0EBgkC%26q%3Dsierra%2Bnevada%2Bpale%2Bale%2Bhistory%26pg%3DPT120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sierranevada.com/brewery/about-us/our-story">"Sierra Nevada Our Story"</a>. <i>sierranevada.com</i>. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sierranevada.com&rft.atitle=Sierra+Nevada+Our+Story&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sierranevada.com%2Fbrewery%2Fabout-us%2Four-story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaureen_Ogle2006" class="citation book cs1">Maureen Ogle (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ambitiousbrewsto00maur"><i>Ambitious Brew</i></a></span>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ambitiousbrewsto00maur/page/305">305</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780156033596" title="Special:BookSources/9780156033596"><bdi>9780156033596</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ambitious+Brew&rft.pages=305&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780156033596&rft.au=Maureen+Ogle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fambitiousbrewsto00maur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Holl2011" class="citation web cs1">John Holl (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100624091348/http://www.craftbeer.com/pages/stories/featured-brewery/show?title=new-albion-brewing">"CraftBeer.com | Featured Brewery: New Albion Brewing"</a>. <i>craftbeer.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.craftbeer.com/pages/stories/featured-brewery/show?title=new-albion-brewing">the original</a> on 24 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=craftbeer.com&rft.atitle=CraftBeer.com+%26%23124%3B+Featured+Brewery%3A+New+Albion+Brewing&rft.date=2011&rft.au=John+Holl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.craftbeer.com%2Fpages%2Fstories%2Ffeatured-brewery%2Fshow%3Ftitle%3Dnew-albion-brewing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Jackson2011" class="citation web cs1">Michael Jackson (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beerhunter.com/documents/19133-001575.html">"Michael Jackson's Beer Hunter - How Bert Grant Saved The World"</a>. <i>beerhunter.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=beerhunter.com&rft.atitle=Michael+Jackson%27s+Beer+Hunter+-+How+Bert+Grant+Saved+The+World&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Michael+Jackson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beerhunter.com%2Fdocuments%2F19133-001575.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120729205655/http://www.craftbeer.com/pages/style-finder/american-ales">"CraftBeer.com | American Ales"</a>. <i>craftbeer.com</i>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.craftbeer.com/pages/style-finder/american-ales">the original</a> on 29 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=craftbeer.com&rft.atitle=CraftBeer.com+%26%23124%3B+American+Ales&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.craftbeer.com%2Fpages%2Fstyle-finder%2Famerican-ales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Wright2007" class="citation book cs1">Chris Wright (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9mO9WUFJYv8C&pg=PA38"><i>The Beer Journal</i></a>. Lulu.com. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781430312468" title="Special:BookSources/9781430312468"><bdi>9781430312468</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beer+Journal&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781430312468&rft.au=Chris+Wright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9mO9WUFJYv8C%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This reference citation appears to be to a self-published source. (February 2020)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_Asimov2010" class="citation news cs1">Eric Asimov (28 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/30/dining/reviews/30wine.html">"Sampling American Pale Ales - NYTimes.com"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, NY">New York</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sampling+American+Pale+Ales+-+NYTimes.com&rft.date=2010-06-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.au=Eric+Asimov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F06%2F30%2Fdining%2Freviews%2F30wine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndy_Crouch2010" class="citation book cs1">Andy Crouch (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatamericancra0000crou"><i>Great American Craft Beer</i></a></span>. Running Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatamericancra0000crou/page/126">126</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780762441600" title="Special:BookSources/9780762441600"><bdi>9780762441600</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+American+Craft+Beer&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780762441600&rft.au=Andy+Crouch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatamericancra0000crou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Wright2007" class="citation book cs1">Chris Wright (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9mO9WUFJYv8C&pg=PA56"><i>The Beer Journal</i></a>. Lulu.com. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781430312468" title="Special:BookSources/9781430312468"><bdi>9781430312468</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beer+Journal&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781430312468&rft.au=Chris+Wright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9mO9WUFJYv8C%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This reference citation appears to be to a self-published source. (February 2020)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarty_Nachel2008" class="citation book cs1">Marty Nachel (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2wZ_mxyWfvoC&pg=PA168"><i>Homebrewing For Dummies</i></a>. For Dummies. p. 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470374160" title="Special:BookSources/9780470374160"><bdi>9780470374160</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homebrewing+For+Dummies&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=For+Dummies&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780470374160&rft.au=Marty+Nachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2wZ_mxyWfvoC%26pg%3DPA168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.danmurphys.com.au/liquor-library/beer/styles/australian-pale-ale">https://www.danmurphys.com.au/liquor-library/beer/styles/australian-pale-ale</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkypal.com.au/beer/ale/pale-ale.html">"Pale Ale Quick Guide | for Beginners"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pale+Ale+Quick+Guide+%26%23124%3B+for+Beginners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falkypal.com.au%2Fbeer%2Fale%2Fpale-ale.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beermaverick.com/beer-style/australian-style-pale-ale/">"Australian-Style Pale Ale (Ale) Beer Style Guidelines"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australian-Style+Pale+Ale+%28Ale%29+Beer+Style+Guidelines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeermaverick.com%2Fbeer-style%2Faustralian-style-pale-ale%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://desdemoor.co.uk/hop-back-summer-lightning/">"Hop Back Summer Lightning « Beer Culture with Des de Moor"</a>. desdemoor.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hop+Back+Summer+Lightning+%C2%AB+Beer+Culture+with+Des+de+Moor&rft.pub=desdemoor.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdesdemoor.co.uk%2Fhop-back-summer-lightning%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webb81-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-webb81_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tim Webb. <i>Good Beer Guide to Belgium</i>, 6th edition, p 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Complete Handbook of Beers and Brewing</i> Brian Glover</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller" class="citation web cs1">Miller, John W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303499204576389473593410488.html">"Belgium's Duvel Finds Crafty Success"</a>. <i>WSJ</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WSJ&rft.atitle=Belgium%27s+Duvel+Finds+Crafty+Success&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702303499204576389473593410488.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimmonds1858" class="citation book cs1">Simmonds, Peter Lund (1858). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcoEAAAAYAAJ&q=pale+ale+definition&pg=PA272"><i>The dictionary of trade products ... - Google Books</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+dictionary+of+trade+products+...+-+Google+Books&rft.date=1858&rft.aulast=Simmonds&rft.aufirst=Peter+Lund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZcoEAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dpale%2Bale%2Bdefinition%26pg%3DPA272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allaboutbeer.com/article/bitter-ordinary-and-special/">"Bitter, Ordinary and Special"</a>. <i>All About Beer - Beer News, Reviews, Events, and Education</i>. November 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=All+About+Beer+-+Beer+News%2C+Reviews%2C+Events%2C+and+Education&rft.atitle=Bitter%2C+Ordinary+and+Special&rft.date=2004-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallaboutbeer.com%2Farticle%2Fbitter-ordinary-and-special%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2193268">"Classified Advertising"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Gazette_and_New_South_Wales_Advertiser" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser">The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842)</a></i>. NSW: National Library of Australia. 27 August 1829. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Gazette+and+New+South+Wales+Advertiser+%28NSW+%3A+1803+-+1842%29&rft.atitle=Classified+Advertising.&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1829-08-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article2193268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beertools.com/library/recipe.php?view=10095">"BeerTools.com Recipe Library - Leann Dearg"</a>. <i>www.beertools.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.beertools.com&rft.atitle=BeerTools.com+Recipe+Library+-+Leann+Dearg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beertools.com%2Flibrary%2Frecipe.php%3Fview%3D10095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.craftbeer.com/styles/irish-style-red">"Irish-style Red Beer"</a>. <i>craftbeer.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=craftbeer.com&rft.atitle=Irish-style+Red+Beer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.craftbeer.com%2Fstyles%2Firish-style-red&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ratebeer.com/beer/hair-of-the-dog-dave/23897/">"Hair of the Dog Dave from Hair of the Dog Brewing Company, a Barley Wine style beer: An unofficial page for Hair of the Dog Dave from Hair of the Dog Brewing Company in Portland, Oregon, United States of America"</a>. Ratebeer.com. 26 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hair+of+the+Dog+Dave+from+Hair+of+the+Dog+Brewing+Company%2C+a+Barley+Wine+style+beer%3A+An+unofficial+page+for+Hair+of+the+Dog+Dave+from+Hair+of+the+Dog+Brewing+Company+in+Portland%2C+Oregon%2C+United+States+of+America&rft.pub=Ratebeer.com&rft.date=2013-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ratebeer.com%2Fbeer%2Fhair-of-the-dog-dave%2F23897%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APale+ale" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Farmhouse Ales: Culture and Craftsmanship in the European Tradition</i>, Phil Markowski, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-937381-84-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-937381-84-5">0-937381-84-5</a></li> <li><i>Great Beer Guide: 500 Classic Brews</i>, Michael Jackson, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7513-0813-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7513-0813-7">0-7513-0813-7</a></li> <li><i>Dictionary of Beer</i>, Ed: A. Webb, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85249-158-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85249-158-2">1-85249-158-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060926131111/http://www.camra.org.uk/page.aspx?o=180676">CAMRA description of Pale Ale</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yolongbrewtech.com/whats-the-difference-pale-aleindia-pale-ale/">Difference between pale ale and india pale ale</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Beer_styles_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Beer_styles" title="Template:Beer styles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Beer_styles" title="Template talk:Beer styles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Beer_styles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Beer styles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Beer_styles_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Beer_style" title="Beer style">Beer styles</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_beer_styles" title="List of beer styles">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">Ale</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altbier" title="Altbier">Altbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Amber ale">Amber ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_pale_ale" title="American pale ale">American pale ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_pale_ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian pale ale">Australian pale ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barley_wine" title="Barley wine">Barley wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitter_(beer)" title="Bitter (beer)">Bitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_ale" title="Brown ale">Brown ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_ale" title="Burton ale">Burton ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_ale" title="Copper ale">Copper ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_ale" title="Cream ale">Cream ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbel" title="Dubbel">Dubbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmhouse_ale" title="Farmhouse ale">Farmhouse ale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A8re_de_Garde" title="Bière de Garde">Bière de Garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisette_(beer)" title="Grisette (beer)">Grisette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saison" title="Saison">Saison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_pale_ale" title="India pale ale">India pale ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_red_ale" title="Irish red ale">Irish red ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gose" title="Gose">Gose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grodziskie" title="Grodziskie">Grodziskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_common_beer" title="Kentucky common beer">Kentucky common beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lsch_(beer)" title="Kölsch (beer)">Kölsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mild_ale" title="Mild ale">Mild ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_ale" title="Old ale">Old ale</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pale ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_(beer)" title="Porter (beer)">Porter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic porter">Baltic porter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_ale" title="Pumpkin ale">Pumpkin ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrupel" title="Quadrupel">Quadrupel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahti" title="Sahti">Sahti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch ale">Scotch ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stout" title="Stout">Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_ale" title="Strong ale">Strong ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripel" title="Tripel">Tripel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_beer" title="Wheat beer">Wheat beer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lager" title="Lager">Lager</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_lager" title="American lager">American lager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_lager" title="Australian lager">Australian lager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bock" title="Bock">Bock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmunder_Export" title="Dortmunder Export">Dortmunder Export</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkel" title="Dunkel">Dunkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helles" title="Helles">Helles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellerbier" title="Kellerbier">Kellerbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rzen" title="Märzen">Märzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_lager" title="Pale lager">Pale lager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilsner" title="Pilsner">Pilsner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzbier" title="Schwarzbier">Schwarzbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoigl" title="Zoigl">Zoigl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sour_beer" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sour_beer" title="Sour beer">Sour beer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_wild_ale" title="American wild ale">American wild ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berliner_Weisse" title="Berliner Weisse">Berliner Weisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanders_red_ale" title="Flanders red ale">Flanders red ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambic" title="Lambic">Lambic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Framboise" title="Framboise">Framboise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gueuze" title="Gueuze">Gueuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriek_lambic" title="Kriek lambic">Kriek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oud_bruin" title="Oud bruin">Oud bruin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_beer" title="Corn beer">Corn beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_beer" title="Fruit beer">Fruit beer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_beer" title="Banana beer">Banana beer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_soda" title="Hard soda">Hard soda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_beer" title="Ice beer">Ice beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvass" title="Kvass">Kvass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Podpiwek" title="Podpiwek">Podpiwek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_beer" title="Light beer">Light beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_beer" title="Malt beer">Malt beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millet_beer" title="Millet beer">Millet beer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pito_(beer)" title="Pito (beer)">Pito</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_beer" title="Rye beer">Rye beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_beer" title="Small beer">Small beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_beer" title="Smoked beer">Smoked beer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_beer#Bamberg_Rauchbier" title="Smoked beer">Rauchbier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce_beer" title="Spruce beer">Spruce beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_beer" title="Steam beer">Steam beer / California Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tella" title="Tella">Tella</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_beers" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey beers">Abbey beers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trappist_beer" title="Trappist beer">Trappist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjuncts" title="Adjuncts">Adjuncts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel-aged_beer" title="Barrel-aged beer">Barrel-aged beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_and_breweries_by_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer and breweries by region">Beer and breweries by region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_sommelier" title="Beer sommelier">Beer sommelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-alcohol_beer" title="Low-alcohol beer">Low-alcohol beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_ale" title="Real ale">Real ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasonal_beer" title="Seasonal beer">Seasonal beer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/16px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/24px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/32px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="242" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Beer" title="Portal:Beer">Beer portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&oldid=1259581173">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&oldid=1259581173</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Beer_styles" title="Category:Beer styles">Beer styles</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_accuracy_disputes" title="Category:All accuracy disputes">All accuracy disputes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Accuracy_disputes_from_February_2020" title="Category:Accuracy disputes from February 2020">Accuracy disputes from February 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:All articles with bare URLs for citations">All articles with bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024">Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_May_2018" title="Category:Use British English from May 2018">Use British English from May 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2015" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2015">Use dmy dates from May 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_self-published_sources" title="Category:All articles with self-published sources">All articles with self-published sources</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_self-published_sources_from_February_2020" title="Category:Articles with self-published sources from February 2020">Articles with self-published sources from February 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Irish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Irish-language text">Articles containing Irish-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 November 2024, at 22:52<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pale_ale&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-l4nf4","wgBackendResponseTime":149,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.720","walltime":"0.889","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4221,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":90155,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5784,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":132317,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 788.996 1 -total"," 37.42% 295.277 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.23% 135.952 16 Template:Cite_web"," 16.12% 127.173 1 Template:Langx"," 13.93% 109.871 1 Template:Beer_Styles"," 13.17% 103.899 2 Template:Navbox"," 10.75% 84.799 9 Template:Fix"," 8.92% 70.369 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.25% 57.206 11 Template:Cite_book"," 5.90% 46.564 2 Template:Cn"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.471","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14838240,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-75b4cd9cb5-xzdkv","timestamp":"20241125225238","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Pale ale","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pale_ale","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2271859","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2271859","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-12-03T12:26:44Z","dateModified":"2024-11-25T22:52:37Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8a\/THAT_Brewery_Bearfoot_Pale_Ale.jpg","headline":"Type of ale"}</script> </body> </html>