Solid State Phenomena Vol. 366

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href="https://doi.org/10.4028/v-9D2SnN">https://doi.org/10.4028/v-9D2SnN</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="titleMarcXmlLink" style="display: none" class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Export:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="/SSP.366/marc.xml">MARCXML</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>ToC:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="/SSP.366_toc.pdf">Table of Contents</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="volume-tabs"> </div> <div class=""> <div class="volume-papers-page"> <div class="block-search-pagination clearfix"> <div class="block-search-volume"> <input id="paper-search" type="search" placeholder="Search" maxlength="65"> </div> <div class="pagination-container"><ul class="pagination"><li class="active"><span>1</span></li><li><a href="/SSP.366/2">2</a></li><li class="PagedList-skipToNext"><a href="/SSP.366/2" rel="next">></a></li></ul></div> </div> <div class="block-volume-title normal-text-gray"> <p> Paper Title <span>Page</span> </p> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/SSP.366.-1">Preface</a> </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/SSP.366.3">Bio-Coating of Poly(Lactic Acid) on Thermoplastic Starch for Disposable Cutlery</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Rinrada Padungkomaet, Saksit Thananthong, Rungsima Yeetsorn, Nattawat Surathin, Walaiporn Prissanaroon-Ouajai </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock615473" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is an environmentally friendly material that can be used as a replacement for petroleum-based plastics in the production of disposable cutlery. However, the application of TPS is limited by its mechanical properties, low melting points, high water solubility, and inability to maintain structural integrity during usage. This research aimed to coat the surface of TPS with biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA), to address these limitations. PLA solution was prepared by using a binary solvent system, comprising of acetone and dimethylformamide (Ac/DMF) to avoid the use of chlorinated solvent. Water contact angle measurements indicated that the PLA-coated TPS exhibited the improved water resistance compared to the uncoated TPS. Adhesion tests, conducted in accordance with ASTM D3359-17, revealed that the PLA coating adhered well to TPS, achieving adhesion levels of 4B-5B. Furthermore, degradation tests demonstrated that the PLA-coated TPS degraded within the range of 17-25% after 90 days. The degradation performance was comparable to the uncoated TPS, indicating that the PLA coating did not retard the biodegradability of TPS. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock615473', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 3 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/SSP.366.9">Effect of Surfactant on Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Pornlada Pongmuksuwan, Wanlop Kitisatorn </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock616520" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: This study explores the impact of epoxidized palm oil (EPO) content and surfactant type on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams. The resilience, hardness, and compressive strength of the foams were systematically analyzed at different NCO/OH molar ratios. The findings revealed that increasing EPO content generally decreased both hardness and resilience values, indicating enhanced viscoelastic properties due to the plasticizing effect of EPO's hydrocarbon chains. However, specific surfactants significantly influenced these mechanical properties. Concentrol STB PU-2254 and Tegostab® B82001 VE surfactants enhanced compressive strength by promoting a compact cellular structure with smaller, more numerous cells, effectively distributing loads and counteracting the softening effect of high EPO content. Conversely, the use of Tegostab® B8462 resulted in reduced hardness due to increased porosity from larger cell formation. At an NCO/OH ratio of 1.0, higher pMDI content improved compressive strength by increasing hard segment formation. These results underscore the importance of surfactant selection and NCO/OH ratio optimization in tailoring the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams, offering valuable insights for their application-specific design and optimization. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock616520', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 9 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/SSP.366.15">Pressure Distribution of Polyurethane Foam Based on Palm Oil Content</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Wanlop Kitisatorn </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock617204" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: This study explores the effect of varying epoxidized palm oil (EPO) content on the mechanical properties and pressure distribution of polyurethane (PU) foam. Polyurethane foams were synthesized with EPO concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75%, and their morphologies, densities, hardness, compressive strength, and pressure distribution capabilities were analyzed. The results showed that increasing EPO content significantly affects the foam's cell structure, leading to variations in density and mechanical properties. PU foam with 50% EPO exhibited a more open-cell structure, resulting in lower density and hardness but compromised compressive strength. Conversely, foam with 75% EPO content demonstrated improved pressure distribution despite increased density and nonuniform cell sizes. These findings highlight the potential of using palm oil-based polyols to develop sustainable PU foams, balancing flexibility and mechanical strength for applications in cushioning and pressure relief materials. The study underscores the importance of optimizing EPO content to achieve desirable foam properties for specific applications. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock617204', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 15 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/SSP.366.21">Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride-Co-Hexafluoropropylene)/Amethyst Composites: Preparation, Properties, and Potential for Sustainable Energy Materials</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Surapoj Khawkom, Nathapong Sukhawipat, Suchet Glabsawat, Tanapat Rompoche, Jureeporn Yuennan, Nikruesong Tohluebaji, Pamela Pasetto, Tharanin Panyachan </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock615500" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: This study investigates the fabrication and potential application of novel sustainable energy materials from poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/amethyst composite films. Solution processing and casting techniques were employed to prepare these composites with varying amethyst content (0 – 0.5 phr). The film characteristics, including appearance, dispersion, morphology, density, and mechanical properties, were comprehensively analyzed. Optical microscopy (OM) revealed good dispersion of amethyst at low loadings, while higher loadings exhibited a tendency towards agglomeration. Notably, the mechanical properties of the composites improved with increasing amethyst content. Tensile strength increased from 5.57 to 13.04 N/mm², strain at break increased from 4.33 to 15.74%, and Young's modulus increased from 156.00 to 258.21 N/mm². The combined properties of PVDF-HFP and amethyst suggest their potential for application in sustainable energy generation. Future work will be directed towards exploring this possibility through further characterization relevant to energy applications. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock615500', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 21 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/SSP.366.29">Effects of Copper-Modified Activated Carbon on Natural Rubber Composite for Dielectric Materials</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Thanathach Yingshataporn-A-Nan, Nathapong Sukhawipat, Panachai Thusanaphoom, Thanadol Lardsaluk, Nattawut Moolchai, Wiwat Jeungthanasirigool, Narongrit Sosa </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock615571" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: This study reports the development of an elastomeric dielectric material based on natural rubber (NR) composites reinforced with copper-modified activated carbon (Cu-Ac) derived from coconut shells. The Cu-Ac content was varied systematically (0, 5, 10, and 15 phr) at a fixed Cu concentration (2 wt%). The investigation focused on the influence of Cu-Ac content on various material properties, including curing time (tc⁹⁰), density, crosslink density, mechanical behavior, morphology, and dielectric response. The results revealed a significant impact of Cu-Ac content on the curing process, with an observed decrease in t<sub>c90</sub> at higher Cu-Ac loadings (10 and 15 phr). However, crosslink density exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing Cu-Ac content. Encouragingly, the inclusion of Cu-Ac demonstrated a positive influence on the mechanical properties of the composite. Notably, the dielectric properties confirmed the effect of Cu-Ac on NR, with enhancements observed within the frequency range of 1.35 to 2.03 GHz. This study provides valuable insights into the influence of Cu-Ac content on NR composites, suggesting their potential for improved performance in dielectric applications. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock615571', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 29 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/SSP.366.39">Effect of Varying Calcium Concentration on Dielectric Properties of Calcium Substituted Strontium M-Type Hexaferrites</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Sana Taimoor, Noor Ali, Saad Saud Ali Shah, Zeeshan Habib, Nasir Mehboob, Fazal Ur Rehman </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock607875" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Calcium substituted strontium M-Type hexaferrites are synthesized at different calcium concentrations by co-precipitation method. During synthesis process, PH value of 11 is achieved and solution is heated at 70 °C for 3 hours to form gel followed by drying process at 80 °C for 5 hours. Synthesized samples are then sintered at 650 °C for 4 hours at ramp rate of 10 °C/min. XRD analysis reveals that strontium M-Type hexaferrites at all calcium concentrations exhibit single phase hexagonal crystal structure. Change in density is observed for samples sintered at 800 °C as compared to samples sintered at 650 °C due to increase in temperature. SEM shows that the average particle size of strontium M-Type hexaferrites is greater at lower calcium concentration and smaller at higher concentrations. The average particle size varies from 530 nm to 345 nm for different calcium concentrations and fine particle sizes are achieved at all calcium concentrations. EDX results indicate that stoichiometric ratio is properly maintained according to samples composition and no extra peak of impurity or other element is detected in EDX spectrum. According to LCR measurement, pure strontium M-Type hexaferrites exhibit high dielectric constant at lower frequencies as compared to calcium substituted M-Type hexaferrites at different concentrations. Pure strontium M-Type hexaferrites have higher conductivity which might be due to presence of extra Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions at crystal lattice sites. At lower frequencies pure strontium M-Type hexaferrites have higher conductivity and higher tangent loss at lower frequencies as compared to calcium substituted M-Type hexaferrites. While in the frequency range of 200 Hz to 300 Hz calcium substituted M-Type hexaferrites exhibit higher tangent loss. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock607875', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 39 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/SSP.366.47">Effect of Temperature on Magnetic Characteristics of NdFeB Alloy</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Nouman Bashir, Ali Haider, Kaleem Akram, Aamir Nusair Khan </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock612242" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: NdFeB magnets were first developed in 1984 and are the most powerful permanent magnets that may possess energy products up to 60 MGOe. However, their working temperature and corrosion resistance are lower as compared to that of Alnico and SmCo magnets. Demand of NdFeB magnets recently has increased due to rapid growth of electrical vehicles. In this research work, NdFeB magnets developed through powder metallurgical technique are investigated for thermal effect on magnetic characteristics. The effect of increase in temperature on remanence, coercivity and energy product were measured using pulsed field magnetizer. Samples for testing were prepared from sintered bricks using wire cut machine. Demagnetization curves for the samples were measured at temperatures in the range of 20-110°C, and the results were analyzed. Decline in magnetic characteristics with temperatures is noted. Performance of the magnets with increase in temperature is essential to be analyzed specially for their use in high-speed motors. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock612242', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 47 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/SSP.366.57">Fracture Failure Analysis of Compressor Valve Spring</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Xiao Wei Li, Yan Chao Xin, Xin Li Tan, Chen Yang Du </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock618233" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Compressor valve spring failure and rapid fracture occurred in a petrochemical enterprise. To find the cause of the failure, and to ensure the safe, stable, and continuous operation of the device, the failure of the spring is analyzed. In this paper, through the macro inspection, chemical composition analysis, metallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis, energy spectrum analysis, hardness analysis, and other tests, it is concluded that the main reason for the spring fracture is the fatigue fracture caused by unqualified materials. Suggestions are given to avoid similar problems in the future, and it is hoped that this failure analysis will provide valuable experience for similar failure problems in petrochemical enterprises. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock618233', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 57 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/SSP.366.63">EIS Method to Study the Corrosion Resistance of Three Arc Spraying Composite Coatings in 3.5% NaCl Solution</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Sha Sha Li, Hua Yu Zhao, Yu Feng Lu, Kun Wang, Cai Bin Lu </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock618186" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: To determine the sealing system of arc-spraying aluminum coating for steel structures in high humidity and harsh environments, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to study the corrosion resistance and matrix protection of three arc-sprayed aluminum /organic composite coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results indicated that during the 660-day soaking experiment, the coating capacitance of the epoxy-sealing paint system was consistently lower than that of the phosphating primer system and the nano-sealing primer system. The coating resistance showed a decreasing-increasing-decreasing trend but remained above the level of 105 Ω· cm<sup>2</sup>, and it was higher than the other two systems. The coating reaction resistance remained above 107 Ω· cm<sup>2</sup> throughout the entire experimental period, and in the later stage of the experiment, it was 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the other two systems. It showed that the epoxy sealer system has better shielding performance and corrosion resistance. The protective process of arc-spraying composite coating on the substrate can be divided into four stages: water penetration of organic sealing coating, contact of aluminum coating with medium, formation of shielding layer by corrosion products of aluminum coating, and penetration of corrosion products of aluminum coating to seal pores of organic sealing coating. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock618186', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 63 </div> </div> <div class="block-bottom-pagination"> <div class="pager-info"> <p>Showing 1 to 10 of 14 Paper Titles</p> </div> <div class="pagination-container"><ul class="pagination"><li class="active"><span>1</span></li><li><a href="/SSP.366/2">2</a></li><li class="PagedList-skipToNext"><a href="/SSP.366/2" rel="next">></a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="social-icon-popup"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Scientific.Net.Ltd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon facebook-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Scientific_Net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon twitter-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/scientificnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon linkedin-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="sc-footer"> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="footer-menu col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <ul class="list-inline menu-font"> <li><a href="/ForLibraries">For Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/ForPublication/Paper">For Publication</a></li> <li><a href="/insights" target="_blank">Insights</a></li> <li><a href="/DocuCenter">Downloads</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/AboutUs">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/PolicyAndEthics/PublishingPolicies">Policy & Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Contacts">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Imprint">Imprint</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/PrivacyPolicy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Sitemap">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a href="/Conferences">All Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/special-issues">All Special Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/news/all">All News</a></li> <li><a href="/open-access-partners">Open Access Partners</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="line-footer"></div> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Scientific.Net.Ltd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon facebook-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Scientific_Net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon twitter-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/scientificnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon linkedin-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="line-footer"></div> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 footer-copyright"> <p> © 2025 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. 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