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donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Tohorot&returntoquery=printable%3Dyes" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Tohorot&returntoquery=printable%3Dyes" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Altre opzioni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" 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mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div 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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tohorot</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 13 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohorot_(Talmud)" title="Tohorot (Talmud) - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tohorot (Talmud)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohorot" title="Tohorot - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tohorot" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohorot_(Talmud)" title="Tohorot (Talmud) - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tohorot (Talmud)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_Taharot" title="Ordre Taharot - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordre Taharot" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="סדר טהרות - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סדר טהרות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%ED%98%B8%EB%A1%AF" title="토호롯 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토호롯" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohorot" title="Tohorot - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tohorot" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohorot" title="Tohorot - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tohorot" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahorot" title="Tahorot - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tahorot" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Техарот - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Техарот" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taharot" title="Taharot - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Taharot" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohorot" title="Tohorot - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tohorot" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="סדר טהרות - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סדר טהרות" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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</div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2356587" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div 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</div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content">La versione stampabile non è più supportata e potrebbe contenere errori di resa. Aggiorna i preferiti del tuo browser e usa semmai la funzione ordinaria di stampa del tuo browser.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mishnah-F-Tohorot1-Vilna.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mishnah-F-Tohorot1-Vilna.pdf/page1-220px-Mishnah-F-Tohorot1-Vilna.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mishnah-F-Tohorot1-Vilna.pdf/page1-330px-Mishnah-F-Tohorot1-Vilna.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Mishnah-F-Tohorot1-Vilna.pdf/page1-440px-Mishnah-F-Tohorot1-Vilna.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="1683" /></a><figcaption>Frontespizio del <i><b>Tohorot</b></i>, edizione di <a href="/wiki/Vilna" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilna">Vilna</a> (1921)</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Ṭoharoth</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ebraico" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebraico">ebraico</a>: טהרות lett. "Purezze", Purificazioni) è il sesto Ordine della <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a> (e anche della <a href="/wiki/Tosefta" class="mw-redirect" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a> e del <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>). Questo Ordine esamina la distinzione tra <i>puro</i> e <i>impuro</i> e tratta inoltre della purezza familiare. Questo è l'Ordine più lungo della Mishnah.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ci sono 12 trattati in tutto: </p> <ol><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Keilim" title="Keilim">Keilim</a>:</b></i> ("Vasi"); esamina una lunga serie di vari utensili e come vengono classificati in termini di purità. 30 capitoli, il trattato più lungo della Mishnah.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oholot" class="mw-redirect" title="Oholot">Oholot</a>:</b></i> ("Tende"); si occupa della impurità causata da un cadavere e la sua proprietà peculiare di "imporsi" su oggetti nello stesso ambiente. Composto da diciotto capitoli, discute dell'impurità rituale provocata dai cadaveri che possono contaminare anche oggetti che si trovano nello stesso ambiente della salma. Secondo una leggenda ebraica questo è uno dei trattati più importanti del <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>: si narra che <a href="/wiki/Re_Davide" class="mw-redirect" title="Re Davide">Re Davide</a> abbia chiesto a <a href="/wiki/Dio" title="Dio">Dio</a> che la lettura del <a href="/wiki/Libro_dei_Salmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Libro dei Salmi">Libro dei Salmi</a> venisse considerata equivalente alla lettura del trattato <i>Oholot</i>. Ciononostante non esiste <a href="/wiki/Gemara" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemara">Gemara</a> per <i>Oholot</i>, né nel <a href="/wiki/Bavli" class="mw-redirect" title="Bavli">Bavli</a> né nel <a href="/wiki/Yerushalmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yerushalmi">Yerushalmi</a>.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nega%27im" class="mw-redirect" title="Nega'im">Nega'im</a>:</b></i> ("Piaghe"); tratta delle leggi di <i>tzaraath</i>. Quattordici capitoli, principalmente concentrati su varie forme di impurità epidermiche e i relativi sintomi, con la descrizione dei rituali per purificare gli afflitti e le cose contaminate.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Parah" class="mw-redirect" title="Parah">Parah</a>:</b></i> ("Mucca rossa"); esamina principalmente le leggi della giovenca rossa.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><b>Tohorot:</b></i> ("Purezze"); esamina varie leggi di purità, specialmente i modi coi quali ci si contamina e le leggi di impurità del cibo.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mikva%27ot" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikva'ot">Mikva'ot</a>:</b></i> ("Bagni Rituali"); descrive le leggi della <a href="/wiki/Mikveh" title="Mikveh">Mikveh</a>, incluse le leggi di costruzione e manutenzione della <a href="/wiki/Mikveh" title="Mikveh">mikveh</a>, il bacino d'acqua per il bagno rituale <a href="/wiki/Ebraismo" title="Ebraismo">ebraico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><b>Niddah:</b></i> ("Separazione"); tratta della <a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Niddah</a>, impurità dovuta al ciclo mestruale della donna: cioè di una donna durante il suo ciclo o subito dopo aver partorito.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhshirin" class="mw-redirect" title="Makhshirin">Makhshirin</a>:</b></i> ("Atti preliminari di preparazione"), i liquidi che rendono il cibo impuro, come per esempio talvolta persino l'acqua: <a href="/wiki/Tumah_e_taharah" title="Tumah e taharah"><i>tumah</i> (impurità rituale)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zavim" class="mw-redirect" title="Zavim">Zavim</a>:</b></i> ("Blenorragia"); descrive le leggi in merito alla persona che produce emissioni seminali (<a href="/wiki/Eiaculazione" title="Eiaculazione">eiaculazioni</a>) irregolari o è affetta da <a href="/wiki/Gonorrea" title="Gonorrea">gonorrea</a>.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tevul_Yom" class="mw-redirect" title="Tevul Yom">Tevul Yom</a>:</b></i> ("Immersioni [del] giorno") affronta un tipo speciale di impurità, per cui la persona si immerge nella <a href="/wiki/Mikveh" title="Mikveh">Mikveh</a> ma rimane tuttavia impuro per il resto del giorno.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yadayim" class="mw-redirect" title="Yadayim">Yadayim</a>:</b></i> ("Mani"); tratta della purità ed impurità delle mani per i rabbini.</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Uktzim" class="mw-redirect" title="Uktzim">Uktzim</a>:</b></i> ("Picciuoli"); tratta dell'impurità dei picciuoli della frutta ed è composto da tre capitoli che descrivono le varie forme di <i>tumah</i> derivanti dalle parti esterne della frutta e della verdura come i gambi, gli steli, i picciuoli, la buccia e/o "fibre alimentari".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sequenza_dei_trattati">Sequenza dei trattati</h2></div> <p>L'ordinamento tradizionale dei trattati (secondo <a href="/wiki/Rambam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rambam">Rambam</a>) è il seguente: </p> <ul><li><i>Kelim</i> è il primo poiché introduce i livelli di impurità e descrive quali oggetti attraggono tali impurità. Segue <i>Oholot</i>, dato che descrive i tipi più seri di impurità. Poi viene <i>Negaim</i>, terzo in severità, data la trasmissione di impurità della pelle per via di malattie epidermiche (tipo la <a href="/wiki/Lebbra" title="Lebbra">lebbra</a>). Segue <i>Parah</i> che è la descrizione della purificazione delle gravi impurità descritte negli altri trattati precedenti. La fase successiva è rappresentata dalle impurità minori (<i>Tohorot</i>) ed i rispettivi modi di purificazione, che avviene con l'immersione nelle <a href="/wiki/Mikveh" title="Mikveh">Mikvaot</a>. Poi viene <i>Niddah</i>, trattando di impurità minori, con la distinzione delle persone a cui si applica (cioè alle donne). Seguono <i>Makshirin, Zavim</i> e <i>Tevul Yom</i>, che si basano sull'ordine delle <a href="/wiki/Scritture" class="mw-redirect" title="Scritture">Scritture</a>. La fase successiva è quella che riguarda solo le impurità rabbiniche, <i>Yadaim</i>. Infine <i>Uktzin</i> conclude l'Ordine Tohorot e deriva le sue leggi unicamente dai ragionamenti dei <a href="/wiki/Tannaim" title="Tannaim">Saggi</a>, dato che non ha fonti scritturali.</li></ul> <p>Esiste una <a href="/wiki/Gemara" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemara">Gemara</a> babilonese solo per <i>Niddah</i>. Ciò accade perché la maggior parte delle altre leggi di purezza non si applica da quando il <a href="/wiki/Tempio_di_Gerusalemme" title="Tempio di Gerusalemme">Tempio</a> non esiste più. Il <a href="/wiki/Talmud_gerosolimitano" class="mw-redirect" title="Talmud gerosolimitano">Talmud gerosolimitano</a> considera solo quattro capitoli di <i>Niddah</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Quanto segue secondo la descrizione e sistematizzazione del <i>The Talmud</i>, cur. N. Solomon, Penguin Books (2009), pp. v-viii e 740-741.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Il <a href="/wiki/Sostantivo" title="Sostantivo">sostantivo</a> <a href="/wiki/Ebraico" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebraico">ebraico</a> <i><b>tzaraath</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ebraico" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebraico">ebraico</a> צרעת, ebraico romanizzato: <b>ṣāraʻaṯ</b> e numerose varianti di <a href="/wiki/Traslitterazione" title="Traslitterazione">traslitterazione</a>, tra cui <i>tzaraas</i>, <i>zaraat</i>, <i>tsaraas</i> e <i>saraat</i>) descrive una condizione disfigurativa citata nei capitoli 13-14 del <a href="/wiki/Levitico" title="Levitico">Levitico</a>, come anche le condizioni equivalenti alla "muffa" sui vestiti e nelle case. <i>Tzaraath</i> colpisce sia gli oggetti animati e che quelli inanimati; la <a href="/wiki/Bibbia_ebraica" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibbia ebraica">Bibbia ebraica</a> discute della <i>tzaraath</i> che affligge esseri umani, vestiti e case.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">La <b>giovenca rossa</b> o <b>mucca rossa</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_ebraica" title="Lingua ebraica">ebraico</a> <span dir="rtl" lang="he">פרה אדומה </span>‎<span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Ebraico" title="Aiuto:Ebraico">?</a></sup></span>; <i>parah adumah</i>) era un sacrificio, descritto nella <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" title="Tanakh">Bibbia ebraica</a>, le cui ceneri venivano usate per la purificazione rituale degli <a href="/wiki/Dodici_trib%C3%B9_di_Israele" title="Dodici tribù di Israele">antichi israeliti</a> che erano stati in contatto con un cadavere.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/b/h/h66.htm">Testo del Mishna Mikvaot</a> (<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">I termini ebraici <i><b><a href="/wiki/Tumah_e_taharah" title="Tumah e taharah">tumah</a></b></i> e <i><b><a href="/wiki/Tumah_e_taharah" title="Tumah e taharah">taharah</a></b></i> si riferiscono alla "impurità e purità" rituale secondo la Legge ebraica.Cfr. Martin S. Jaffee <i>Early Judaism: religious worlds of the first Judaic millennium</i> (2006), p. 277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=8&letter=U">"Trattato Uktzim"</a> (<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tohorot</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></span>, New York, Funk & Wagnalls, 1901-1906.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2></div> <div class="colonne"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemara" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemara">Gemara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">Kosher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letteratura_rabbinica" title="Letteratura rabbinica">Letteratura rabbinica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maestri_ebrei" class="mw-redirect" title="Maestri ebrei">Maestri ebrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikveh" title="Mikveh">Mikveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbino" title="Rabbino">Rabbino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storia_degli_ebrei" title="Storia degli ebrei">Storia degli ebrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah" class="mw-redirect" title="Torah">Torah</a></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Mishnah"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mishnah" title="Template:Mishnah"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Mishnah" title="Discussioni template:Mishnah"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Mishnah&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title">I sei ordini della <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Zeraim" title="Zeraim">Zeraim</a> (semi)</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Berakhot_(Talmud)" title="Berakhot (Talmud)">Berakhot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pe%27ah" title="Pe'ah">Pe'ah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Demai" class="mw-redirect" title="Demai">Demai</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kil%27ayim" class="mw-redirect" title="Kil'ayim">Kil'ayim</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Shevi%27it" class="mw-redirect" title="Shevi'it">Shevi'it</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Terumot" class="mw-redirect" title="Terumot">Terumot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ma%27aserot" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'aserot">Ma'aserot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ma%27aser_Sheni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'aser Sheni">Ma'aser Sheni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hallah_(Talmud)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallah (Talmud)">Hallah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Orlah" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlah">Orlah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bikkurim" title="Bikkurim">Bikkurim</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Moed" title="Moed">Moed</a> (festività)</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_(Talmud)" title="Shabbat (Talmud)">Shabbat</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eruvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Eruvin">Eruvin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pesachim" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesachim">Pesachim</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Shekalim" class="mw-redirect" title="Shekalim">Shekalim</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yoma_(Talmud)" title="Yoma (Talmud)">Yoma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sukkah_(Talmud)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukkah (Talmud)">Sukkah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Betzah" class="mw-redirect" title="Betzah">Betzah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah_(Talmud)" title="Rosh Hashanah (Talmud)">Rosh Hashanah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ta%27anit" title="Ta'anit">Ta'anit</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Megillah_(Talmud)" class="mw-redirect" title="Megillah (Talmud)">Megillah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mo%27ed_Katan" title="Mo'ed Katan">Mo'ed Katan</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hagigah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagigah">Hagigah</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Nashim" title="Nashim">Nashim</a> (donne)</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Yebamoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Yebamoth">Yebamoth</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ketubot" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketubot">Ketubot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nedarim" class="mw-redirect" title="Nedarim">Nedarim</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nazir_(Talmud)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazir (Talmud)">Nazir</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sotah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotah">Sotah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ghittin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghittin">Ghittin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kiddushin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiddushin">Kiddushin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Nezikin" title="Nezikin">Nezikin</a> (danni)</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Bava_Kamma" title="Bava Kamma">Bava Kamma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bava_Metzia" title="Bava Metzia">Bava Metzia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bava_Batra" title="Bava Batra">Bava Batra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sinedrio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Makkot" title="Makkot">Makkot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Shevu%27ot" class="mw-redirect" title="Shevu'ot">Shevu'ot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eduyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Eduyot">Eduyot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Avodah_Zarah" title="Avodah Zarah">Avodah Zarah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pirkei_Avoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirkei Avoth">Avot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Horayot" class="mw-redirect" title="Horayot">Horayot</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Kodashim" title="Kodashim">Kodashim</a> (santità)</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Zevahim" class="mw-redirect" title="Zevahim">Zevahim</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Menahot" class="mw-redirect" title="Menahot">Menahot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hullin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hullin">Hullin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bekhorot" title="Bekhorot">Bekhorot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Arakhin" class="mw-redirect" title="Arakhin">Arakhin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Temurah" title="Temurah">Temurah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Keritot" class="mw-redirect" title="Keritot">Keritot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Me%27ilah" class="mw-redirect" title="Me'ilah">Me'ilah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tamid" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamid">Tamid</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Middot_(Talmud)" class="mw-redirect" title="Middot (Talmud)">Middot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kinnim" title="Kinnim">Kinnim</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tohorot</a> (purificazioni)</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Keilim" title="Keilim">Keilim</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Oholot" class="mw-redirect" title="Oholot">Oholot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nega%27im" class="mw-redirect" title="Nega'im">Nega'im</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Parah" class="mw-redirect" title="Parah">Parah</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tohorot</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mikva%27ot" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikva'ot">Mikva'ot</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Niddah</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Makhshirin" class="mw-redirect" title="Makhshirin">Makhshirin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zavim" class="mw-redirect" title="Zavim">Zavim</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tevul_Yom" class="mw-redirect" title="Tevul Yom">Tevul Yom</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yadayim" class="mw-redirect" title="Yadayim">Yadayim</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Uktzim" class="mw-redirect" title="Uktzim">Uktzim</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Halakhah"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Halakhah" title="Template:Halakhah"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Halakhah" title="Discussioni template:Halakhah"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Halakhah&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Halakhah" title="Halakhah">Halakhah</a> (Legge religiosa ebraica della <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dr%C4%81h" title="Tōrāh">Tōrāh</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="3" class="navbox_abovebelow">Complesso delle norme codificate della legge ebraica</th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Etica_ebraica" title="Etica ebraica">Etica</a> (<i>Bet Din</i>)</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Chillul_Hashem" title="Chillul Hashem"><i>Chillul Hashem</i> (Profanazione del Nome)</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Geneivat_da%27at" title="Geneivat da'at"><i>Geneivat da'at</i> (Plagio della mente)</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kiddush_Hashem" title="Kiddush Hashem"><i>Kiddush Hashem</i> (Santificazione del Nome)</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lashon_hara" title="Lashon hara"><i>Lashon hara</i> (Malalingua)</a><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Lifnei_iver" title="Lifnei iver">Lifnei iver</a></i><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Leggi_noachiche" class="mw-redirect" title="Leggi noachiche">Leggi noachiche</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dieci_comandamenti" title="Dieci comandamenti">Dieci comandamenti</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Shammai_ed_Hillel" class="mw-redirect" title="Shammai ed Hillel">Shammai ed Hillel</a></td><td rowspan="6" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mainz_hebraeisch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Mainz_hebraeisch.jpg/90px-Mainz_hebraeisch.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Mainz_hebraeisch.jpg/135px-Mainz_hebraeisch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Mainz_hebraeisch.jpg/180px-Mainz_hebraeisch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="1701" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Purezza rituale</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><i><a href="/wiki/Mikveh" title="Mikveh">Mikveh</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Niddah</a></i><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Abluzioni_rituali_ebraiche" title="Abluzioni rituali ebraiche">Abluzioni rituali ebraiche</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Tzniut" title="Tzniut">Modestia</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><i><a href="/wiki/Neghiah" title="Neghiah">Neghiah</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Yichud" title="Yichud">Yichud</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Mechitza" title="Mechitza">Mechitza</a></i><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Relazioni_proibite_nell%27ebraismo" title="Relazioni proibite nell'ebraismo">Relazioni proibite</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Separazione_dei_sessi_nell%27ebraismo" title="Separazione dei sessi nell'ebraismo">Separazione dei sessi nell'ebraismo</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Principi halakhici</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Attivit%C3%A0_proibite_di_Shabbat" class="mw-redirect" title="Attività proibite di Shabbat">Attività proibite di Shabbat</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Peccato_(ebraismo)" title="Peccato (ebraismo)">Aveira (Peccato)</a><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Bemeizid" title="Bemeizid">Bemeizid</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/B%27rov_am_hadrat_melech" title="B'rov am hadrat melech">B'rov am hadrat melech</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Chumra" title="Chumra">Chumra</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Chuqqim" title="Chuqqim">Chuqqim</a></i><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/D%27Oraita_e_D%27Rabbanan" title="D'Oraita e D'Rabbanan">D'Oraita e D'Rabbanan</a><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Mitzvah_goreret_mitzvah" title="Mitzvah goreret mitzvah">Mitzvah goreret mitzvah</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Ikar_v%27tafel" title="Ikar v'tafel">Ikar v'tafel</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Marit_ayin" title="Marit ayin">Marit ayin</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Neder" title="Neder">Neder</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Osek_b%27mitzvah_patur_min_hamitzvah" title="Osek b'mitzvah patur min hamitzvah">Osek b'mitzvah patur min hamitzvah</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Pikuach_nefesh" title="Pikuach nefesh">Pikuach nefesh</a></i><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Comandamento_positivo" title="Comandamento positivo">Comandamento positivo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Abnegazione_nella_legge_ebraica" title="Abnegazione nella legge ebraica">Abnegazione nella legge ebraica</a><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Shinuy" title="Shinuy">Shinuy</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Shomea_k%27oneh" title="Shomea k'oneh">Shomea k'oneh</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Toch_k%27dei_dibur" title="Toch k'dei dibur">Toch k'dei dibur</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Yad_soledet_bo" title="Yad soledet bo">Yad soledet bo</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Zmanim" title="Zmanim">Zmanim</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Punizione</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Pena_capitale_nell%27ebraismo" title="Pena capitale nell'ebraismo">Pena capitale nell'ebraismo</a><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Kareth" title="Kareth">Kareth</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Template correlati</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vita_ebraica" title="Template:Vita ebraica">Vita ebraica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Torah_Bereshit" title="Template:Torah Bereshit">Torah</a><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Tannaim" title="Tannaim">Tannaim</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" class="navbox_abovebelow"><b><i><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">Mitzvah</a></i><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Mitzvot" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitzvot">Mitzvot</a></i></b></th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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