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href="#Atrocities_and_war_crimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Atrocities and war crimes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atrocities_and_war_crimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar_life_and_disappearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_life_and_disappearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Postwar life and disappearance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar_life_and_disappearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Information_later_disclosed_in_CIA_files" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Information_later_disclosed_in_CIA_files"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Information later disclosed in CIA files</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Information_later_disclosed_in_CIA_files-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> 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interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsuji_Masanobu" title="Tsuji Masanobu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tsuji Masanobu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masanobu_Tsuji" title="Masanobu Tsuji – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Masanobu Tsuji" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masanobu_Tsuji" title="Masanobu Tsuji – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Masanobu Tsuji" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%93%B0%EC%A7%80_%EB%A7%88%EC%82%AC%EB%85%B8%EB%B6%80" title="쓰지 마사노부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쓰지 마사노부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%89" title="ماسانوبو تسوجى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماسانوبو تسوجى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BB%E6%94%BF%E4%BF%A1" title="辻政信 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="辻政信" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese officer, war criminal 1901-1961(?)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">The native form of this <a href="/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name">personal name</a> is <i>Tsuji Masanobu</i>. This article uses <a href="/wiki/Personal_name#Western_name_order" title="Personal name">Western name order</a> when mentioning individuals.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Masanobu Tsuji</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuji_Masanobu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Tuji_Masanobu.jpg/220px-Tuji_Masanobu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Tuji_Masanobu.jpg/330px-Tuji_Masanobu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Tuji_Masanobu.jpg/440px-Tuji_Masanobu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="641" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">God of Strategy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1924–1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E3%81%AE%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E2%80%95%E8%A5%9F%E7%AB%A0%E2%80%95%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%90.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E3%81%AE%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E2%80%95%E8%A5%9F%E7%AB%A0%E2%80%95%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%90.svg/35px-%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E3%81%AE%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E2%80%95%E8%A5%9F%E7%AB%A0%E2%80%95%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%90.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E3%81%AE%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E2%80%95%E8%A5%9F%E7%AB%A0%E2%80%95%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%90.svg/53px-%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E3%81%AE%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E2%80%95%E8%A5%9F%E7%AB%A0%E2%80%95%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%90.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E3%81%AE%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E2%80%95%E8%A5%9F%E7%AB%A0%E2%80%95%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%90.svg/70px-%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E3%81%AE%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A%E2%80%95%E8%A5%9F%E7%AB%A0%E2%80%95%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%90.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="184" data-file-height="76" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino%E2%80%93Japanese_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Sino–Japanese War">Second Sino–Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">Soviet–Japanese Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Army_War_College_(Japan)" title="Army War College (Japan)">Army War College</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">11 October 1902<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Ishikawa_Prefecture" title="Ishikawa Prefecture">Ishikawa Prefecture</a>, Japan</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disappeared</th><td class="infobox-data">April 1961<br />Laos</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Declared_death_in_absentia" class="mw-redirect" title="Declared death in absentia">Declared dead</a> 20 July 1968</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Statism in Shōwa Japan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.8em 0 1.4em;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taisei_Yokusankai.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Taisei_Yokusankai.svg/80px-Taisei_Yokusankai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Taisei_Yokusankai.svg/120px-Taisei_Yokusankai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Taisei_Yokusankai.svg/160px-Taisei_Yokusankai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="352" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #841B2D;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations and factions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rule_Assistance_Association" title="Imperial Rule Assistance Association">Imperial Rule Assistance Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rule_Assistance_Political_Association" title="Imperial Rule Assistance Political Association">Imperial Rule Assistance Political Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokusan_Sonendan" title="Yokusan Sonendan">Yokusan Sonendan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Spiritual_Mobilization_Movement_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Spiritual Mobilization Movement (Japan)">National Spiritual Mobilization Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Diet_Members_Supporting_the_Prosecution_of_the_Holy_War" title="League of Diet Members Supporting the Prosecution of the Holy War">League of Diet Members Supporting the Prosecution of the Holy War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Japan_Youth_Party" title="Great Japan Youth Party">Great Japan Youth Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Kenky%C5%ABkai" title="Shōwa Kenkyūkai">Shōwa Kenkyūkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dd%C5%8Dha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōdōha">Kōdōha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26_Incident#The_"young_officers"" class="mw-redirect" title="February 26 Incident">Young Officers Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dseiha" title="Tōseiha">Tōseiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokuhonsha" title="Kokuhonsha">National Foundation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Ocean_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Ocean Society">Black Ocean Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Blossom_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherry Blossom Society">Cherry Blossom Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Committee_on_Trade_and_Information" title="Japanese Committee on Trade and Information">Japanese Committee on Trade and Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_faction" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet faction">Fleet faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABzonsha" title="Yūzonsha">Yūzonsha</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #841B2D;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Events</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="March Incident">March Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations#Mukden_Incident:_Japan_seizes_Manchuria_from_China_1931-1932" title="League of Nations">Withdrawal from the League of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Colors_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Colors Incident">Imperial Colors Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Blood_Incident" title="League of Blood Incident">League of Blood Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="May 15 Incident">May 15 Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Academy_incident" title="Military Academy incident">Military Academy Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Treaty#Japanese_denunciation" title="Washington Naval Treaty">Withdrawal from the Washington Naval Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="February 26 Incident">February 26 Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_Bridge_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Marco Polo Bridge Incident">Marco Polo Bridge Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_General_Mobilization_Law" title="State General Mobilization Law">State General Mobilization Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li> <li>Formation of the <a href="/wiki/Taisei_Yokusankai" class="mw-redirect" title="Taisei Yokusankai">Taisei Yokusankai</a></li> <li>Appointment of <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Hideki Tojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABj%C5%8D_incident" title="Kyūjō incident">Kyūjō incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge_(occupied_Japan)" title="Purge (occupied Japan)">Purge</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #841B2D;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">Shintaisei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kokutai" title="Kokutai">Kokutai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yamato-damashii" title="Yamato-damashii">Yamato-damashii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bushido" title="Bushido">Bushido</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gekokuj%C5%8D" title="Gekokujō">Gekokujō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_militarism" title="Japanese militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere" title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Restoration" title="Shōwa Restoration">Shōwa Restoration</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakk%C5%8D_ichiu" title="Hakkō ichiu">Hakkō ichiu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">Expansionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Japan_during_the_Second_Sino-Japanese_War_and_World_War_II" title="Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #841B2D;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fumimaro_Konoe" title="Fumimaro Konoe">Fumimaro Konoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Hideki Tojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadao_Araki" title="Sadao Araki">Sadao Araki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikki_Kita" title="Ikki Kita">Ikki Kita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%ABmei_%C5%8Ckawa" title="Shūmei Ōkawa">Shūmei Ōkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Shinkichi" title="Uesugi Shinkichi">Uesugi Shinkichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koki_Hirota" class="mw-redirect" title="Koki Hirota">Koki Hirota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishi" title="Nobusuke Kishi">Nobusuke Kishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissh%C5%8D_Inoue" title="Nisshō Inoue">Nisshō Inoue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanaka_Chigaku" title="Tanaka Chigaku">Tanaka Chigaku</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Masanobu Tsuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzabur%C5%8D_Masaki" title="Jinzaburō Masaki">Jinzaburō Masaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuniaki_Koiso" title="Kuniaki Koiso">Kuniaki Koiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiranuma_Kiichir%C5%8D" title="Hiranuma Kiichirō">Hiranuma Kiichirō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji_Ishiwara" title="Kanji Ishiwara">Kanji Ishiwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingoro_Hashimoto" title="Kingoro Hashimoto">Kingoro Hashimoto</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #841B2D;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Atrocities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes#Mass_killings" title="Japanese war crimes">Mass killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_massacre" title="Manila massacre">Manila massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataan_Death_March" title="Bataan Death March">Bataan Death March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_ship" title="Hell ship">Hell ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Sexual slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Use of chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Human experimentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Japan#World_War_II" title="Slavery in Japan">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_731#Biological_warfare" title="Unit 731">Use of biological weapons</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #841B2D;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Media and literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinmin_no_Michi" title="Shinmin no Michi">Shinmin no Michi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_Japan_Plans_to_Win" title="How Japan Plans to Win">How Japan Plans to Win</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Momotaro:_Sacred_Sailors" title="Momotaro: Sacred Sailors">Momotaro: Sacred Sailors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Momotar%C5%8D_no_Umiwashi" title="Momotarō no Umiwashi">Momotarō no Umiwashi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moyuru_%C5%8Dzora" title="Moyuru ōzora">Moyuru ōzora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Beautiful" title="The Most Beautiful">The Most Beautiful</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ode_of_Showa_Restoration" title="Ode of Showa Restoration">Ode of Showa Restoration</a>"</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #841B2D;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_cover-up_of_Japanese_war_crimes" title="American cover-up of Japanese war crimes">American cover-up of Japanese war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_system" title="Emperor system">Emperor system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">International Military Tribunal for the Far East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_history_textbook_controversies" title="Japanese history textbook controversies">Japanese history textbook controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan">Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uyoku_dantai" title="Uyoku dantai">Uyoku dantai</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sh%C5%8Dwa_Statism" title="Template:Shōwa Statism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sh%C5%8Dwa_Statism" title="Template talk:Shōwa Statism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sh%C5%8Dwa_Statism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shōwa Statism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Masanobu Tsuji </b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">辻政信</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Tsuji Masanobu</i></span>, 11 October 1902 – went missing in 1961<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</span> was a <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> army officer and politician. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, he was an important tactical planner in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> and developed the detailed plans for the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayan Campaign">successful Japanese invasion of Malaya</a> at the start of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also helped plan and lead the final Japanese offensive during the <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalcanal Campaign">Guadalcanal Campaign</a>. </p><p>A Pan-Asianist, Tsuji pressured Asian countries to support Japan in World War II, despite being involved in atrocities such as the <a href="/wiki/Bataan_Death_March" title="Bataan Death March">Bataan Death March</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a>. He meticulously planned the mass murders in Singapore and surrounding regions.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He personally oversaw the <a href="/wiki/Pantingan_River_massacre" title="Pantingan River massacre">Pantingan River massacre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He evaded prosecution for <a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a> at the end of the war and hid in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>. He returned to Japan in 1949 and was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Diet of Japan">Diet</a> as an advocate of renewed militarism. Through the 50's he worked for American intelligence alongside <a href="/wiki/Takushiro_Hattori" title="Takushiro Hattori">Takushiro Hattori</a>. In 1961, he disappeared on a trip to <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KGB_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KGB-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tsuji was among the most aggressive and influential <a href="/wiki/Japanese_militarism" title="Japanese militarism">Japanese militarists</a>. He was a leading proponent of the concept of <i><a href="/wiki/Gekokuj%C5%8D" title="Gekokujō">gekokujō</a></i>, (literally "the bottom overthrowing the top") by acting without or contrary to authorization.<sup id="cite_ref-KGB_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KGB-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He incited the <a href="/wiki/Nomonhan_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomonhan Incident">1939 border clash with the Soviet Union</a> and was a vehement advocate of war against the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thediplomat.com_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thediplomat.com-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masanobu_Tsuji&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Masanobu Tsuji was born in <a href="/wiki/Ishikawa_Prefecture" title="Ishikawa Prefecture">Ishikawa Prefecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. He received his secondary education at a military academy and later graduated from the War College. </p><p>By 1934, he was active in the Army's political intrigues as a member of the <i>Tōseiha</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Control_Faction" class="mw-redirect" title="Control Faction">Control Faction</a>") and helped block the attempted coup d'état of the rival <i>Kōdōha</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Imperial_Way_Faction" title="Imperial Way Faction">Imperial Way Faction</a>"). That brought him the patronage of General and future Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Hideki Tojo</a> and General and future War Minister <a href="/wiki/Seishir%C5%8D_Itagaki" title="Seishirō Itagaki">Seishirō Itagaki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KGB_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KGB-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atrocities_and_war_crimes">Atrocities and war crimes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masanobu_Tsuji&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Atrocities and war crimes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1938 to 1939, Tsuji was a staff officer in the <a href="/wiki/Kwantung_Army" title="Kwantung Army">Kwantung Army</a> in Japanese-occupied Mongolia. In March 1939, after the Japanese defeat at the hands of the Soviets at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Khasan" title="Battle of Lake Khasan">Changkufeng</a>, Tsuji instigated an aggressive border policy, which triggered the <a href="/wiki/Nomonhan_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomonhan Incident">Nomonhan Incident</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the war against America and Britain started, Tsuji was on the staff of General <a href="/wiki/Tomoyuki_Yamashita" title="Tomoyuki Yamashita">Tomoyuki Yamashita</a>, whose army invaded <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DF_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DF-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was largely responsible for planning Yamashita's successful landing in Malaya and subsequent campaign against <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the capture of Singapore, Tsuji helped plan the <i><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></i>, a systematic massacre of thousands of Malayan Chinese who might be hostile to Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was then transferred to the staff of <a href="/wiki/Masaharu_Homma" title="Masaharu Homma">General Homma</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. After the US surrendered there, Tsuji sought to have all <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> prisoners killed and encouraged the brutal mistreatment and casual murder of prisoners in the <a href="/wiki/Bataan_Death_March" title="Bataan Death March">Bataan Death March</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-us-japandialogueonpows.org_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-us-japandialogueonpows.org-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also had many captured officials of the Philippines government executed, including by ordering the execution of Filipino Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Abad_Santos" title="José Abad Santos">José Abad Santos</a> and the attempted execution of former Speaker of the House of Representatives <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a>. </p><p>After the war, Japanese <a href="/wiki/War_criminals" class="mw-redirect" title="War criminals">war criminals</a> were prosecuted for the Bataan Death March, Sook Ching and other atrocities, but Tsuji fled and avoided trial. Some other army officials, who had followed Tsuji's command, were charged, and two of them were executed.<sup id="cite_ref-us-japandialogueonpows.org_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-us-japandialogueonpows.org-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Homma countermanded many of execution orders that had been pushed through by the Tsuji clique, including the execution orders for future Philippine president Manuel Roxas who was the former speaker of the house of representatives at that time. Homma saw these execution orders as a dishonorable violation of <a href="/wiki/Bushido" title="Bushido">bushido</a> ethics. However, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> held him responsible for the actions of his subordinates and he was executed while Tsuji was on the run.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masanobu_Tsuji&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1932, Tsuji saw action in China, and subsequently travelled as far as Sinkiang.<sup id="cite_ref-DF_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DF-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as a staff officer in the Kwantung Army in 1937–1939. His aggressive and insubordinate attitude exacerbated the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">Soviet–Japanese border conflicts</a>, and helped incite the Battle of Khalkhin Gol in 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-Coox_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coox-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the defeat at Khalkhin Gol, Tsuji opposed any further conflicts with the Soviet Union. After their attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, the Germans urged the Japanese to join the invasion, and many in the Japanese military wanted to avenge the defeat at Khalkhin Gol. However, Tsuji was an influential advocate of the attack on the United States. General <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABkichi_Tanaka" title="Ryūkichi Tanaka">Ryukichi Tanaka</a> testified after the war that "the most determined single protagonist in favor of war with the United States was Tsuji Masanobu." Tsuji later wrote that his experience of Soviet firepower at Khalkhin Gol convinced him not to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-DF_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DF-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His protectors in the Army got him safely transferred to <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, where he helped organize the Army's jungle warfare school. He was then assigned to the Operations Section of the General Staff, where he became a strong advocate of war with the United States and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a>. It has been alleged that in late 1941, he planned the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Fumimaro_Konoe" title="Fumimaro Konoe">Prime Minister Konoe</a> if Konoe achieved peace with the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-KGB_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KGB-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tsuji planned the Japanese overland attack in <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, via the <a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokoda Trail">Kokoda Trail</a>. In that as in other operations, he ordered bold offensive moves, regardless of difficulties or the costs to the troops involved. </p><p>In late 1942, Tsuji went to Guadalcanal, where he planned and led the last major Japanese attack on October 23–24. After the attacks were defeated, Tsuji went to Tokyo in person to urge additional reinforcements. However, he then accepted the Navy's conclusion that nothing could get through and recommended the evacuation of the remaining troops. He impressed the Emperor with his frankness. </p><p>However, the Guadalcanal fiasco had discredited him. He was sent to the Japanese HQ in <a href="/wiki/Nanking" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanking">Nanking</a>, which was largely inactive, for the next year. While there, he made contacts with various Chinese, including both collaborators and agents of <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>'s government.<sup id="cite_ref-DF_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DF-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In mid-1944, Tsuji was sent to Burma, where Japanese forces <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Imphal" title="Battle of Imphal">had been repulsed at Imphal</a>. Tsuji was assigned to the 33rd Army, which faced the Chinese in northeastern Burma. He was an energetic and efficient planner, if notoriously arrogant, and once helped quell panic in the ranks by ostentatiously having a bath under fire in the front lines.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postwar_life_and_disappearance">Postwar life and disappearance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masanobu_Tsuji&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Postwar life and disappearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the Japanese position in Burma collapsed in 1945, Tsuji escaped, first to Thailand and then to China, where he renewed the contacts made in Nanking. He also visited <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, which was in disorder with the <a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a> resisting the re-establishment of French rule. In China, Tsuji was both a prisoner and an employee of Chinese intelligence.<sup id="cite_ref-DF_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DF-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1948, he was allowed to resign from Chinese service and returned to Japan. He began publishing books and articles about his war experiences, including an account of the Japanese victory in Malaya. He also wrote of his years in hiding in <i>Senkō Sanzenri</i> (潜行三千里;) "3,000 <i><a href="/wiki/Li_(unit)" title="Li (unit)">li</a></i> (Chinese miles) in hiding", which became a best seller. He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">Diet</a> in 1952,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and re-elected twice.<sup id="cite_ref-DF_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DF-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1961, he traveled to <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> and was never heard from again. It was thought that he might have been killed in the <a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a>, but there were also rumors that he became an advisor to the <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnamese" class="mw-redirect" title="North Vietnamese">North Vietnamese</a> government. He was declared dead on 20 July 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_statue_of_Masanobu_Tsuji.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Memorial_statue_of_Masanobu_Tsuji.JPG/220px-Memorial_statue_of_Masanobu_Tsuji.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Memorial_statue_of_Masanobu_Tsuji.JPG/330px-Memorial_statue_of_Masanobu_Tsuji.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Memorial_statue_of_Masanobu_Tsuji.JPG/440px-Memorial_statue_of_Masanobu_Tsuji.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Memorial statue of Masanobu Tsuji in <a href="/wiki/Kaga,_Ishikawa" title="Kaga, Ishikawa">Kaga, Ishikawa</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Information_later_disclosed_in_CIA_files">Information later disclosed in CIA files</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masanobu_Tsuji&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Information later disclosed in CIA files"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CIA files declassified in 2005–2006 show that Tsuji also worked for the CIA as a spy during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. The files also acknowledged Tsuji's writings in his book <i>Senkō Sanzenri</i> to be mostly factual. The documents described Tsuji to be an "inseparable pair" with <a href="/wiki/Takushiro_Hattori" title="Takushiro Hattori">Takushiro Hattori</a> and stated them to be "extremely irresponsible" and that they "will not take the consequences for their actions." Additionally, Tsuji was stated to be "the type of man who given the chance, would start World War III without any misgivings." As an asset to the CIA, he was described as having no value because of lack of expertise in politics and information manipulation.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, the files contain information that Hattori had allegedly planned a coup to overthrow the Japanese government in 1952 that involved the assassination of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Yoshida" title="Shigeru Yoshida">Shigeru Yoshida</a> and replacing him with <a href="/wiki/Ichiro_Hatoyama" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichiro Hatoyama">Ichiro Hatoyama</a> of the DPJ, but Tsuji prevented the coup by persuading the group that the real enemies were not conservatives like Yoshida but the Socialist Party. However, the files also state that the CIA learned about the attempt only after the fact and that the information was gained from an unreliable source from China. Some academics such as the media theorist and Americanist<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetsuo_Arima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetsuo Arima (page does not exist)">Tetsuo Arima</a> of <a href="/wiki/Waseda_University" title="Waseda University">Waseda University</a> have suggested that the entire story might have been a bluff leaked to the Chinese by Tsuji himself as a way to make him seem more influential than he actually was.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the CIA files, when Tsuji returned to Vientiane from Hanoi, he was kidnapped by the Chinese Communist Party and was being imprisoned in Yunnan, ostensibly to be used in some way to worsen Japanese-American relations or Japan's standing in Southeast Asia. Tsuji was considered to be still alive as of 8 August 1962 on the basis of handwriting analysis conducted on the writing on an envelope that was brought on 24 August 1962. However, he was never heard from again.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masanobu_Tsuji&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_disappeared_mysteriously:_1910%E2%80%931990" title="List of people who disappeared mysteriously: 1910–1990">List of people who disappeared</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masanobu_Tsuji&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasure" title="Order of the Sacred Treasure">Order of the Sacred Treasure</a>, 3rd Class<sup id="cite_ref-t108_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t108-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Kite" title="Order of the Golden Kite">Order of the Golden Kite</a>, 4th Class and 5th Class<sup id="cite_ref-t108_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t108-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Rising_Sun" title="Order of the Rising Sun">Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette</a><sup id="cite_ref-t108_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t108-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Decoration of <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a>, 4th Class and 5th Class<sup id="cite_ref-t108_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t108-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Commemoration Medal of the Coronation of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Showa" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Showa">Emperor Showa</a><sup id="cite_ref-t108_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t108-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commemoration_Medal_of_the_Census&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commemoration Medal of the Census (page does not exist)">Commemoration Medal of the Census</a><sup id="cite_ref-t108_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t108-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commemoration_Medal_of_the_Founding_of_Manchuria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commemoration Medal of the Founding of Manchuria (page does not exist)">Commemoration Medal of the Founding of Manchuria</a><sup id="cite_ref-t108_25-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t108-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Commemoration Medal of the 2,600th Year after the Accession of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jimmu" title="Emperor Jimmu">Emperor Jimmu</a><sup id="cite_ref-t108_25-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t108-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campaign_Medal_of_the_Chinese_Incident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campaign Medal of the Chinese Incident (page does not exist)">Campaign Medal of the Chinese Incident</a><sup id="cite_ref-t108_25-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t108-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Campaign Medal of the <a href="/wiki/Manchurian_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchurian Incident">Manchurian Incident</a><sup id="cite_ref-t108_25-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t108-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masanobu_Tsuji&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Peterson, James W., Barry C. Weaver and Michael A. Quigley. (2001). <i>Orders and Medals of Japan and Associated States.</i> San Ramon, California: Orders and Medals Society of America. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-890974-09-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-890974-09-9">1-890974-09-9</a></li> <li>Tsuji, Masanobu. (1997). <i>Japan's Greatest Victory, Britain's Worst Defeat</i> (Margaret E. Lake, tr.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Da_Capo_Press" title="Da Capo Press">Da Capo Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873376-75-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873376-75-1">978-1-873376-75-1</a> (cloth)</li> <li>Ward, Ian. (1992). "The Killer They Called a God" (Media Masters). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9810039219" title="Special:BookSources/978-9810039219">978-9810039219</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masanobu_Tsuji&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tsuji's birthyear is disputed. Several Japanese sources use 1903, but Tsuji himself wrote that it was 1901. Other sources state 1900 or 1902. The 1901 date is from David Bergamini's <i>Japan's Imperial Conspiracy</i>, p. 981.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToland2003" class="citation book cs1">Toland, John (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52441692"><i>The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936–1945</i></a>. New York: Modern Library. p. 183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-6858-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-6858-3"><bdi>978-0-8129-6858-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52441692">52441692</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rising+Sun%3A+The+Decline+and+Fall+of+the+Japanese+Empire%2C+1936%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=Modern+Library&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52441692&rft.isbn=978-0-8129-6858-3&rft.aulast=Toland&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F52441692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRigg2024" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Mark_Rigg" title="Bryan Mark Rigg">Rigg, Bryan Mark</a> (2024). <i>Japan's Holocaust: History of Imperial Japan's Mass Murder and Rape During World War II</i>. Knox Press. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781637586884" title="Special:BookSources/9781637586884"><bdi>9781637586884</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Holocaust%3A+History+of+Imperial+Japan%27s+Mass+Murder+and+Rape+During+World+War+II&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Knox+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9781637586884&rft.aulast=Rigg&rft.aufirst=Bryan+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRigg2024" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Mark_Rigg" title="Bryan Mark Rigg">Rigg, Bryan Mark</a> (2024). <i>Japan's Holocaust: History of Imperial Japan's Mass Murder and Rape During World War II</i>. Knox Press. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781637586884" title="Special:BookSources/9781637586884"><bdi>9781637586884</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Holocaust%3A+History+of+Imperial+Japan%27s+Mass+Murder+and+Rape+During+World+War+II&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Knox+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9781637586884&rft.aulast=Rigg&rft.aufirst=Bryan+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRigg2024" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Mark_Rigg" title="Bryan Mark Rigg">Rigg, Bryan Mark</a> (2024). <i>Japan's Holocaust: History of Imperial Japan's Mass Murder and Rape During World War II</i>. Knox Press. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781637586884" title="Special:BookSources/9781637586884"><bdi>9781637586884</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Holocaust%3A+History+of+Imperial+Japan%27s+Mass+Murder+and+Rape+During+World+War+II&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Knox+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9781637586884&rft.aulast=Rigg&rft.aufirst=Bryan+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KGB-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KGB_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KGB_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KGB_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KGB_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudge" class="citation web cs1">Budge, Kent G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/T/s/Tsuji_Masanobu.htm">"Tsuji Masanobu (1901–1961?)"</a>. <i>The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pacific+War+Online+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Tsuji+Masanobu+%281901%E2%80%931961%3F%29&rft.aulast=Budge&rft.aufirst=Kent+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpwencycl.kgbudge.com%2FT%2Fs%2FTsuji_Masanobu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thediplomat.com-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thediplomat.com_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman2012" class="citation news cs1">Goldman, Stuart (28 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2012/08/the-forgotten-soviet-japanese-war-of-1939/?allpages=yes">"The Forgotten Soviet–Japanese War of 1939"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat" title="The Diplomat">The Diplomat</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=The+Forgotten+Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese+War+of+1939&rft.date=2012-08-28&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2012%2F08%2Fthe-forgotten-soviet-japanese-war-of-1939%2F%3Fallpages%3Dyes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman2012" class="citation book cs1">Goldman, Stuart D. (2012). <i>Nomonhan, 1939: The Red Army's Victory that Shaped World War II</i>. Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1591143390" title="Special:BookSources/978-1591143390"><bdi>978-1591143390</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomonhan%2C+1939%3A+The+Red+Army%27s+Victory+that+Shaped+World+War+II&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1591143390&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Stuart+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DF-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DF_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DF_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DF_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DF_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DF_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DF_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord" class="citation web cs1">Ford, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warbirdforum.com/tsuji.htm">"Colonel Tsuji Masanobu of Malaya"</a>. <i>Warbird Forum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Warbird+Forum&rft.atitle=Colonel+Tsuji+Masanobu+of+Malaya&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.warbirdforum.com%2Ftsuji.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergamini1971" class="citation book cs1">Bergamini, David (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ddUDAQAAIAAJ"><i>Japan's Imperial Conspiracy</i></a>. William Morrow. p. 981. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0688019056" title="Special:BookSources/0688019056"><bdi>0688019056</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Imperial+Conspiracy&rft.pages=981&rft.pub=William+Morrow&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0688019056&rft.aulast=Bergamini&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DddUDAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayashi2017" class="citation web cs1">Hayashi, Hirofumi (10 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.jp/hhhirofumi/eng18.htm">"Massacre of Chinese in Singapore and Its Coverage in Postwar Japan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170110144706/http://www.geocities.jp/hhhirofumi/eng18.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massacre+of+Chinese+in+Singapore+and+Its+Coverage+in+Postwar+Japan&rft.date=2017-01-10&rft.aulast=Hayashi&rft.aufirst=Hirofumi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.jp%2Fhhhirofumi%2Feng18.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-us-japandialogueonpows.org-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-us-japandialogueonpows.org_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-us-japandialogueonpows.org_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson2005" class="citation web cs1">Nelson, Jim (21 August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310103450/http://www.us-japandialogueonpows.org/Nelson.htm">"The Causes of the Bataan Death March Revisited"</a>. <i>US-Japan Dialogue on POWs</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.us-japandialogueonpows.org/Nelson.htm">the original</a> on 10 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US-Japan+Dialogue+on+POWs&rft.atitle=The+Causes+of+the+Bataan+Death+March+Revisited&rft.date=2005-08-21&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.us-japandialogueonpows.org%2FNelson.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToland2003" class="citation book cs1">Toland, John (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52441692"><i>The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936–1945</i></a>. New York: Modern Library. pp. 317–320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-6858-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-6858-3"><bdi>978-0-8129-6858-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52441692">52441692</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rising+Sun%3A+The+Decline+and+Fall+of+the+Japanese+Empire%2C+1936%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=317-320&rft.pub=Modern+Library&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52441692&rft.isbn=978-0-8129-6858-3&rft.aulast=Toland&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F52441692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coox-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coox_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoox1985" class="citation book cs1">Coox, Alvin D. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11160382"><i>Nomonhan: Japan against Russia, 1939</i></a>. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-1160-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-1160-7"><bdi>0-8047-1160-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11160382">11160382</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomonhan%3A+Japan+against+Russia%2C+1939&rft.place=Stanford%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11160382&rft.isbn=0-8047-1160-7&rft.aulast=Coox&rft.aufirst=Alvin+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F11160382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDull1953" class="citation journal cs1">Dull, Paul S. (March 1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1950965">"The Japanese General Election of 1952"</a>. <i>American Political Science Review</i>. <b>47</b> (1): 204. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1950965">10.2307/1950965</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1950965">1950965</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145260954">145260954</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Political+Science+Review&rft.atitle=The+Japanese+General+Election+of+1952&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=204&rft.date=1953-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145260954%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1950965%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1950965&rft.aulast=Dull&rft.aufirst=Paul+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1950965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoneyama2000" class="citation web cs1">Yoneyama, Shiro (26 July 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2000/07/26/national/disappearance-of-masanobu-tsuji-remains-a-mystery/">"Disappearance of Masanobu Tsuji remains a mystery"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Japan_Times" title="The Japan Times">The Japan Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Disappearance+of+Masanobu+Tsuji+remains+a+mystery&rft.date=2000-07-26&rft.aulast=Yoneyama&rft.aufirst=Shiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2000%2F07%2F26%2Fnational%2Fdisappearance-of-masanobu-tsuji-remains-a-mystery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/TSUJI%2C%20MASANOBU%20%20%20VOL.%201_0016.pdf">"Reports on the rearmament actitivites of TSUJI Masanobu and HATTORI Takushiro"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CIA Archives</i>. Unclassified in 2005: 2. 28 January 1954.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CIA+Archives&rft.atitle=Reports+on+the+rearmament+actitivites+of+TSUJI+Masanobu+and+HATTORI+Takushiro&rft.volume=Unclassified+in+2005&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1954-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Freadingroom%2Fdocs%2FTSUJI%252C%2520MASANOBU%2520%2520%2520VOL.%25201_0016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeman2007" class="citation web cs1">Coleman, Joseph (28 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2007/02/28/papers_tie_us_to_1950s_japan_coup_plot/">"CIA papers reveal 1950s Japan coup plot"</a>. <i>The Boston Globe</i>. Associated Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=CIA+papers+reveal+1950s+Japan+coup+plot&rft.date=2007-02-28&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Farticles%2F2007%2F02%2F28%2Fpapers_tie_us_to_1950s_japan_coup_plot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArima有馬哲夫2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Arima, Tetsuo; 有馬哲夫 (17 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/693762439"><i>Daihon'ei sanbō wa sengo nani to tatakatta no ka [What did the Imperial Headquarters staff fight after the war?]</i></a> (in Japanese). Tōkyō: Shinchōsha. pp. 232–239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-10-610400-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-10-610400-8"><bdi>978-4-10-610400-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/693762439">693762439</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daihon%27ei+sanb%C5%8D+wa+sengo+nani+to+tatakatta+no+ka+%5BWhat+did+the+Imperial+Headquarters+staff+fight+after+the+war%3F%5D&rft.place=T%C5%8Dky%C5%8D&rft.pages=232-239&rft.pub=Shinch%C5%8Dsha&rft.date=2010-12-17&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F693762439&rft.isbn=978-4-10-610400-8&rft.aulast=Arima&rft.aufirst=Tetsuo&rft.au=%E6%9C%89%E9%A6%AC%E5%93%B2%E5%A4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F693762439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://researchmap.jp/read0168213?lang=en">"Tetsuo Arima"</a>. <i>Researchmap</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Researchmap&rft.atitle=Tetsuo+Arima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearchmap.jp%2Fread0168213%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeman2007" class="citation web cs1">Coleman, Joseph (6 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2007/03/06/national/history/52-coup-plot-bid-to-rearm-japan-cia/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'52 coup plot bid to rearm Japan: CIA"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Japan_Times" title="The Japan Times">The Japan Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=%2752+coup+plot+bid+to+rearm+Japan%3A+CIA&rft.date=2007-03-06&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2007%2F03%2F06%2Fnational%2Fhistory%2F52-coup-plot-bid-to-rearm-japan-cia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/OGATA%2C%20TAKETORA%20%20%20VOL.%202_0055.pdf">"Coup d'état allegedly being planned by Ex-Militarists and Ultranationalists"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CIA Archives</i>: 2. 14 September 1955 – via Unclassified in 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CIA+Archives&rft.atitle=Coup+d%27%C3%A9tat+allegedly+being+planned+by+Ex-Militarists+and+Ultranationalists&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1955-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Freadingroom%2Fdocs%2FOGATA%252C%2520TAKETORA%2520%2520%2520VOL.%25202_0055.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/TSUJI,%20MASANOBU%20%20%20VOL.%201_0034.pdf">"Personality Information Data: Tsuji Masanobu"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CIA Archives</i>: 14. 7 March 1956 – via Unclassified in 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CIA+Archives&rft.atitle=Personality+Information+Data%3A+Tsuji+Masanobu&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1956-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Freadingroom%2Fdocs%2FTSUJI%2C%2520MASANOBU%2520%2520%2520VOL.%25201_0034.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/TSUJI,%20MASANOBU%20%20%20VOL.%203_0047.pdf">"Summary of Investigation Into Disappearance of TSUJI Masanobu"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CIA Archives</i>: 21 – via Unclassified in 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CIA+Archives&rft.atitle=Summary+of+Investigation+Into+Disappearance+of+TSUJI+Masanobu&rft.pages=21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Freadingroom%2Fdocs%2FTSUJI%2C%2520MASANOBU%2520%2520%2520VOL.%25203_0047.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-t108-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-t108_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-t108_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-t108_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-t108_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-t108_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-t108_25-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-t108_25-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-t108_25-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-t108_25-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-t108_25-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsuji1997" class="citation book cs1">Tsuji, Masanobu (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50698469"><i>Japan's Greatest Victory: Britain's Worst Defeat</i></a>. H. V. Howe. New York: Sarpedon. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-885119-33-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-885119-33-X"><bdi>1-885119-33-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/50698469">50698469</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Greatest+Victory%3A+Britain%27s+Worst+Defeat&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Sarpedon&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50698469&rft.isbn=1-885119-33-X&rft.aulast=Tsuji&rft.aufirst=Masanobu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F50698469&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMasanobu+Tsuji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masanobu_Tsuji&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://warbirdforum.com/tsuji.htm">Colonel Masanobu Tsuji of Malaya</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shōwa_Statism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sh%C5%8Dwa_nationalism" title="Template:Shōwa nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sh%C5%8Dwa_nationalism" title="Template talk:Shōwa nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sh%C5%8Dwa_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shōwa nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shōwa_Statism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Shōwa Statism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bushido" title="Bushido">Bushido</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_system" title="Emperor system">Emperor system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gekokuj%C5%8D" title="Gekokujō">Gekokujō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakk%C5%8D_ichiu" title="Hakkō ichiu">Hakkō ichiu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_militarism" title="Japanese militarism">Japanese militarism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kokutai" title="Kokutai">Kokutai</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">Capitalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism_(Japan)" title="Ultranationalism (Japan)">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yamato-damashii" title="Yamato-damashii">Yamato-damashii</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reform_bureaucrats" title="Reform bureaucrats">Reform bureaucratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Restoration" title="Shōwa Restoration">Shōwa Restoration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before 1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadao_Araki" title="Sadao Araki">Sadao Araki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inejir%C5%8D_Asanuma" title="Inejirō Asanuma">Inejirō Asanuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanaka_Chigaku" title="Tanaka Chigaku">Tanaka Chigaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingoro_Hashimoto" title="Kingoro Hashimoto">Kingoro Hashimoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiranuma_Kiichir%C5%8D" title="Hiranuma Kiichirō">Kiichirō Hiranuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koki_Hirota" class="mw-redirect" title="Koki Hirota">Koki Hirota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissh%C5%8D_Inoue" title="Nisshō Inoue">Nisshō Inoue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji_Ishiwara" title="Kanji Ishiwara">Kanji Ishiwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishi" title="Nobusuke Kishi">Nobusuke Kishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikki_Kita" title="Ikki Kita">Ikki Kita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuniaki_Koiso" title="Kuniaki Koiso">Kuniaki Koiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fumimaro_Konoe" title="Fumimaro Konoe">Fumimaro Konoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzabur%C5%8D_Masaki" title="Jinzaburō Masaki">Jinzaburō Masaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seig%C5%8D_Nakano" title="Seigō Nakano">Seigō Nakano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%ABmei_%C5%8Ckawa" title="Shūmei Ōkawa">Shūmei Ōkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Shinkichi" title="Uesugi Shinkichi">Uesugi Shinkichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Hideki Tojo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Masanobu Tsuji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-war Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bin_Akao" title="Bin Akao">Bin Akao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukio_Mishima" title="Yukio Mishima">Yukio Mishima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otoya_Yamaguchi" title="Otoya Yamaguchi">Otoya Yamaguchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park Chung Hee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations and factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before 1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Ocean_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Ocean Society">Black Ocean Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_faction" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet faction">Fleet faction</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gakutotai" title="Gakutotai">Gakutotai</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Japan_Youth_Party" title="Great Japan Youth Party">Great Japan Youth Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rule_Assistance_Association" title="Imperial Rule Assistance Association">Imperial Rule Assistance Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rule_Assistance_Political_Association" title="Imperial Rule Assistance Political Association">Imperial Rule Assistance Political Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Committee_on_Trade_and_Information" title="Japanese Committee on Trade and Information">Japanese Committee on Trade and Information</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dd%C5%8Dha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōdōha">Kōdōha</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Diet_Members_Supporting_the_Prosecution_of_the_Holy_War" title="League of Diet Members Supporting the Prosecution of the Holy War">League of Diet Members Supporting the Prosecution of the Holy War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Brotherhood" title="National Defense Brotherhood">National Defense Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokuhonsha" title="Kokuhonsha">National Foundation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Spiritual_Mobilization_Movement_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Spiritual Mobilization Movement (Japan)">National Spiritual Mobilization Movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakurakai" title="Sakurakai">Sakurakai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Kenky%C5%ABkai" title="Shōwa Kenkyūkai">Shōwa Kenkyūkai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dh%C5%8Dkai" title="Tōhōkai">Tōhōkai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dseiha" title="Tōseiha">Tōseiha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yokusan_Sonendan" title="Yokusan Sonendan">Yokusan Sonendan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26_Incident#The_"young_officers"" class="mw-redirect" title="February 26 Incident">Young Officers Movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABzonsha" title="Yūzonsha">Yūzonsha</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-war Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Kaigi" title="Nippon Kaigi">Nippon Kaigi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tatenokai" title="Tatenokai">Tatenokai</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Association" title="Concordia Association">Concordia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makapili" title="Makapili">Makapili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_26_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="February 26 Incident">February 26 Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Blood_Incident" title="League of Blood Incident">League of Blood Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_Bridge_incident" title="Marco Polo Bridge incident">Marco Polo Bridge incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_incident" title="March incident">March incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15_incident" title="May 15 incident">May 15 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Academy_incident" title="Military Academy incident">Military Academy incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_incident" title="Mukden incident">Mukden incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_incident" title="October incident">October incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_General_Mobilization_Law" title="State General Mobilization Law">State General Mobilization Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Treaty#Japanese_denunciation" title="Washington Naval Treaty">Withdrawal from the Washington Naval Treaty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940–1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere" title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABj%C5%8D_incident" title="Kyūjō incident">Kyūjō incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1945–1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsue_incident" title="Matsue incident">Matsue incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge_(occupied_Japan)" title="Purge (occupied Japan)">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_Course" title="Reverse Course">Reverse Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmu_incident" title="Sanmu incident">Sanmu incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After the 1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yukio_Mishima#Coup_attempt_and_ritual_suicide" title="Yukio Mishima">Mishima incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Investigation_of_Global_Policy_with_the_Yamato_Race_as_Nucleus" title="An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus">An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_Japan_Plans_to_Win" title="How Japan Plans to Win">How Japan Plans to Win</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kokutairon_and_Pure_Socialism" title="Kokutairon and Pure Socialism">Kokutairon and Pure Socialism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Momotaro:_Sacred_Sailors" title="Momotaro: Sacred Sailors">Momotaro: Sacred Sailors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Momotar%C5%8D_no_Umiwashi" title="Momotarō no Umiwashi">Momotarō no Umiwashi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moyuru_%C5%8Dzora" title="Moyuru ōzora">Moyuru ōzora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patriotism_(short_story)" title="Patriotism (short story)">Patriotism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ode_of_Showa_Restoration" title="Ode of Showa Restoration">Ode of Showa Restoration</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinmin_no_Michi" title="Shinmin no Michi">Shinmin no Michi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sun_and_Steel_(essay)" title="Sun and Steel (essay)">Sun and Steel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Beautiful" title="The Most Beautiful">The Most Beautiful</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_cover-up_of_Japanese_war_crimes" title="American cover-up of Japanese war crimes">American cover-up of Japanese war crimes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cleanest_Race" title="The Cleanest Race">The Cleanest Race</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Collaboration with Imperial Japan">Collaboration with Imperial Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan">Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Conference" title="Greater East Asia Conference">Greater East Asia Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">International Military Tribunal for the Far East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_history_textbook_controversies" title="Japanese history textbook controversies">Japanese history textbook controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states#Japan" title="List of World War II puppet states">List of World War II puppet states of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Japan_during_the_Second_Sino-Japanese_War_and_World_War_II" title="Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II">Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uyoku_dantai" title="Uyoku dantai">Uyoku dantai</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sh%C5%8Dwa_Statism" title="Category:Shōwa Statism">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256584#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256584#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256584#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000082997780">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/110477214">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/71146/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxWQDMcbgVJwT8gWtptrq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119386062">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81042006">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00087258">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35698966">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20101019014&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07428259X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90960768">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007592400605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14029649">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03541674?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1047725">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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