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cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">反猶騷亂</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有66種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="بوغروم – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوغروم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talan" title="Talan – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Talan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Пагром – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пагром" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Погром – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Погром" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BC" title="Πογκρόμ – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πογκρόμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromo" title="Pogromo – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pogromo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromo" title="Pogromo – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pogromo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromm" title="Pogromm – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pogromm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="پوگروم – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پوگروم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromi" title="Pogromi – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pogromi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D" title="פוגרום – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוגרום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4" title="Պոգրոմ – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պոգրոմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 國際文" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="國際文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromo" title="Pogromo – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pogromo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A0" title="ポグロム – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポグロム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პოგრომი – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოგრომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ойран – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ойран" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EA%B7%B8%EB%A1%AC" title="포그롬 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포그롬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromas" title="Pogromas – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pogromas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Погром – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Погром" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="പോഗ്രം – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പോഗ്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 低地薩克遜文" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低地薩克遜文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogr%C3%B2m" title="Pogròm – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pogròm" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Погром – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Погром" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 撒丁文" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="撒丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromi" title="Pogromi – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pogromi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Погром – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Погром" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogromu" title="Pogromu – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pogromu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="โพกรม – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โพกรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Погром – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Погром" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="پوگروم – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پوگروم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom – 瓦隆文" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pogrom" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9D" title="פאגראם – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאגראם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82" title="反猶騷亂 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="反猶騷亂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q177716#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E8%BC%89" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E7%89%88" title="所有專門版一覽[q]" accesskey="q"><span>專門版</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82&oldid=2109282" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82&id=2109282&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%258F%258D%25E7%258C%25B6%25E9%25A8%25B7%25E4%25BA%2582"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%258F%258D%25E7%258C%25B6%25E9%25A8%25B7%25E4%25BA%2582"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pogroms" hreflang="en"><span>維基同享</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q177716" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">反猶騷亂</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluenderung_der_Judengasse_1614.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pluenderung_der_Judengasse_1614.png/250px-Pluenderung_der_Judengasse_1614.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pluenderung_der_Judengasse_1614.png/375px-Pluenderung_der_Judengasse_1614.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pluenderung_der_Judengasse_1614.png/500px-Pluenderung_der_Judengasse_1614.png 2x" data-file-width="1768" data-file-height="2364" /></a></span><div>1614年，一次在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F" title="法蘭克福">法蘭克福</a>發生的反猶騷亂</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="">目標</th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="猶太人">猶太人</a>為主</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>反猶騷亂</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文">英文</a>：<span lang="en">Pogrom</span>) 係一種針對<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="猶太人">猶太人</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E5%8B%95" title="暴動">暴動</a>，係<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="反猶情緒">反猶情緒</a>激烈嘅後果之一，而目標一般都係屠殺或者<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E5%88%B6%E9%81%B7%E5%BE%99" title="強制遷徙">逼走</a>佢哋<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。反猶騷亂可以有唔同嘅特徵，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F" title="動機">動機</a>、歷史背景、規模、同埋<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B" title="暴力">暴力</a>嘅層次等等<sup id="cite_ref-YIVO_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YIVO-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 歷史"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>喺近代史，其中最常出現反猶騷亂嘅地方就係1900年代初嘅<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="俄羅斯帝國">俄羅斯帝國</a>，包括發生喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E8%BF%AA%E6%B2%99" title="奧迪沙">奧迪沙</a> (1881)、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E6%B2%99" title="華沙">華沙</a> (1881)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%BD%E7%B4%90" title="基施紐">基施紐</a> (1903)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a> (1905)、同<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E9%9F%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B" title="比亞韋斯托克">比亞韋斯托克</a> (1906) 等等。喺<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯內戰">俄羅斯內戰</a>爆發之後，仲有包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="利維夫">利維夫</a> (1918) 同埋<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a> (1919)。 </p><p>喺戰前嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">納粹德國</a>，亦有非常出名嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%99%B6%E4%B9%8B%E5%A4%9C" title="水晶之夜">水晶之夜</a> (1938)。喺兩日嘅時間，有接近100位猶太人殺咗、另外有差唔多3萬人去咗<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E7%87%9F" title="集中營">集中營</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、3,000間<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%9C%83%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太會堂">猶太會堂</a>燒咗、7,000盤猶太人<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%84%8F" title="生意">生意</a>受害或者完全冇埋<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>喺<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="二次大戰">二次大戰</a>期間，繼續不斷有唔同嘅反猶騷亂，例如喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E9%81%94" title="巴格達">巴格達</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E8%A5%BF" title="雅西">雅西</a> (其中死咗大約1.3萬人)、同埋<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="耶德瓦布內" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英文" data-foreign-title="Jedwabne"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E5%BE%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%83%E5%85%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶德瓦布內 (無呢版)">耶德瓦布內</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jedwabne" class="extiw" title="en:Jedwabne"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jedwabne</span></a></span>）</span></span>。到二戰之後，仲有<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%84%E9%BB%8E%E6%B3%A2%E9%87%8C" title="的黎波里">的黎波里</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E8%80%B6%E7%88%BE%E8%AC%9D" title="奇耶爾謝">奇耶爾謝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E5%9D%A1" title="阿勒坡">阿勒坡</a>等等。 </p><p>喺2023年，《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%88%BE%E8%A1%97%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1" title="華爾街日報">華爾街日報</a>》有社論叫<a href="/wiki/2023%E5%B9%B4%E5%93%88%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%E8%A5%B2%E6%93%8A%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="2023年哈馬斯襲擊以色列">哈馬斯對以色列嘅攻擊</a>做反猶騷亂<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="反猶情緒">反猶情緒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="猶太人大屠殺">猶太人大屠殺</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="攷"><span id=".E6.94.B7"></span>攷</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 攷"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2190673">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription 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.hai2zeoi3mei1ge3.zi6:after{transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.5em)}.mw-parser-output .fan1gaak3+.zi6:after{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0.1em)}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{position:absolute;align-self:baseline;margin-left:-1em}.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4 .zi6:after,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4 .zi6:after{padding-top:1em;content:"﹋"}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4 .zi6:after{content:"︳";transform-origin:bottom left;transform:rotate(90deg)translate(-0.25em,0.35em)}.mw-parser-output .zoek6zung6 .zi6:after{padding-top:0.6em;content:"·";width:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .koen1zo2,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .hoi1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .hoi1-adj{margin-left:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .koen1jau6,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .saan1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .saan1-adj{margin-right:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b{white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:0.05em solid currentColor}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+link+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b{margin-left:0.083em}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul>li{margin-left:3em;text-indent:-3em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/pogrom"><i>Pogrom</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="大英百科全書">大英百科全書</a>. 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pogrom&rft.pub=%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fpogrom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YIVO-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-YIVO_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFKlier2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Klier, John (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Pogroms">"Pogroms"</a>. <i>The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe</i>. YIVO Institute for Jewish Research.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pogroms&rft.btitle=The+YIVO+Encyclopedia+of+Jews+in+Eastern+Europe&rft.pub=YIVO+Institute+for+Jewish+Research&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Klier&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yivoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle.aspx%2FPogroms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2011/06/world-war-ii-before-the-war/100089/">"World War II: Before the War"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. 2011-06-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=World+War+II%3A+Before+the+War&rft.date=2011-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finfocus%2F2011%2F06%2Fworld-war-ii-before-the-war%2F100089%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFBerenbaumKramer2005" class="citation book cs1">Berenbaum, Michael; Kramer, Arnold (2005). <i>The World Must Know</i>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="美國猶太人大屠殺博物館">美國猶太人大屠殺博物館</a>. p. 49.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Must+Know&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Berenbaum&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Kramer%2C+Arnold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert1986" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, Martin (1986). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/holocaustjewisht0000gilb"><i>The Holocaust: the Jewish tragedy</i></a></span>. Collins. pp. 30–33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-00-216305-7" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-00-216305-7"><bdi>978-0-00-216305-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holocaust%3A+the+Jewish+tragedy&rft.pages=30-33&rft.pub=Collins&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-00-216305-7&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fholocaustjewisht0000gilb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/israel-hamas-video-screening-gaza-tsach-saar-31ed88ab">"Opinion | Hamas Puts Its Pogrom on Video"</a>. <span class="syu1ming4-b" aria-label="《華爾街日報》"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%88%BE%E8%A1%97%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1" title="華爾街日報"><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1zo2">《</span>華</span><span class="zit3">爾街日報</span><span class="zit3"><span class="koen1jau6">》</span></span></a></span>. 2023年10月27號.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E8%8F%AF%E7%88%BE%E8%A1%97%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&rft.atitle=Opinion+%26%23124%3B+Hamas+Puts+Its+Pogrom+on+Video&rft.date=2023-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fisrael-hamas-video-screening-gaza-tsach-saar-31ed88ab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E9%A8%B7%E4%BA%82" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img 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