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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For" title="X-Forwarded-For – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="X-Forwarded-For" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For" title="X-Forwarded-For – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="X-Forwarded-For" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFF" title="XFF – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="XFF" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For" title="X-Forwarded-For – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="X-Forwarded-For" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For" title="X-Forwarded-For – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="X-Forwarded-For" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For" title="X-Forwarded-For – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="X-Forwarded-For" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For" title="X-Forwarded-For – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="X-Forwarded-For" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For" title="X-Forwarded-For – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="X-Forwarded-For" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFF" title="XFF – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="XFF" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For" title="X-Forwarded-For – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="X-Forwarded-For" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For" title="X-Forwarded-For – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="X-Forwarded-For" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1079114#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/X-Forwarded-For" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:X-Forwarded-For" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > 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href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-Forwarded-For&oldid=1182404864" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-Forwarded-For&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=X-Forwarded-For&id=1182404864&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FX-Forwarded-For"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FX-Forwarded-For"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=X-Forwarded-For&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-Forwarded-For&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">HTTP header field</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"XFF" redirects here. For the aircraft, see <a href="/wiki/Grumman_FF" title="Grumman FF">Grumman FF</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable plainlinks selfreference noprint">For network administrators seeking to reduce collateral damage due to autoblocks on their proxy servers, see <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/XFF_project" class="extiw" title="meta:XFF project">XFF project</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HTTP_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/HTTP_logo.svg/250px-HTTP_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/HTTP_logo.svg/330px-HTTP_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/HTTP_logo.svg/500px-HTTP_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="274" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_persistent_connection" title="HTTP persistent connection">Persistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_compression" title="HTTP compression">Compression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QUIC" title="QUIC">QUIC</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/HTTP#Request_methods" title="HTTP">Request methods</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP#Request_methods" title="HTTP">OPTIONS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP#Request_methods" title="HTTP">GET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP#Request_methods" title="HTTP">HEAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POST_(HTTP)" title="POST (HTTP)">POST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP#Request_methods" title="HTTP">PUT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP#Request_methods" title="HTTP">DELETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP#Request_methods" title="HTTP">TRACE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP#Request_methods" title="HTTP">CONNECT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PATCH_(HTTP)" title="PATCH (HTTP)">PATCH</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields" title="List of HTTP header fields">Header fields</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_cookie" title="HTTP cookie">Cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_ETag" title="HTTP ETag">ETag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_location" title="HTTP location">Location</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_referer" title="HTTP referer">HTTP referer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do_Not_Track" title="Do Not Track">DNT</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">X-Forwarded-For</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes" title="List of HTTP status codes">Response status codes</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_301" title="HTTP 301">301 Moved Permanently</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_302" title="HTTP 302">302 Found</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_303" title="HTTP 303">303 See Other</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_403" title="HTTP 403">403 Forbidden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_404" title="HTTP 404">404 Not Found</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_451" title="HTTP 451">451 Unavailable for Legal Reasons</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Security access control methods</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_access_authentication" title="Basic access authentication">Basic access authentication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digest_access_authentication" title="Digest access authentication">Digest access authentication</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Security vulnerabilities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_header_injection" title="HTTP header injection">HTTP header injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_request_smuggling" title="HTTP request smuggling">HTTP request smuggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_response_splitting" title="HTTP response splitting">HTTP response splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTP_parameter_pollution" title="HTTP parameter pollution">HTTP parameter pollution</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HTTP" title="Template:HTTP"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HTTP" title="Template talk:HTTP"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HTTP" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HTTP"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>X-Forwarded-For</b> (<b>XFF</b>) <a href="/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields" title="List of HTTP header fields">HTTP header field</a> is a common method for identifying the originating <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a> of a client connecting to a <a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web server</a> through an <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> <a href="/wiki/Proxy_server" title="Proxy server">proxy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Load_balancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Load balancer">load balancer</a>. </p><p>The <code>X-Forwarded-For</code> HTTP request header was introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Squid_(software)" title="Squid (software)">Squid</a> caching proxy server's developers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><code>X-Forwarded-For</code> is also an <a href="/wiki/Email_headers" class="mw-redirect" title="Email headers">email-header</a> indicating that an email-message was <a href="/wiki/Email_forwarding" title="Email forwarding">forwarded</a> from one or more other accounts (probably automatically).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Without the use of XFF or another similar technique, any connection through the proxy would reveal only the originating IP address of the proxy server, effectively turning the proxy server into an <a href="/wiki/Private_browsing" title="Private browsing">anonymizing service</a>, thus making the detection and prevention of abusive accesses significantly harder than if the originating IP address were available. The usefulness of XFF depends on the proxy server truthfully reporting the original host's IP address; for this reason, effective use of XFF requires knowledge of which proxies are trustworthy, for instance by looking them up in a whitelist of servers whose maintainers can be trusted. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Format">Format</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-Forwarded-For&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The general format of the field is:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <pre>X-Forwarded-For: client, proxy1, proxy2 </pre> <p>where the value is a comma+space separated list of IP addresses, the left-most being the original client, and each successive proxy that passed the request adding the IP address where it received the request from. In this example, the request passed through <i>proxy1</i>, <i>proxy2</i>, and then <i>proxy3</i> (not shown in the header). <i>proxy3</i> appears as remote address of the request. </p><p>Examples:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <pre>X-Forwarded-For: 203.0.113.195, 70.41.3.18, 150.172.238.178 X-Forwarded-For: 203.0.113.195 X-Forwarded-For: 2001:db8:85a3:8d3:1319:8a2e:370:7348 </pre> <p>Because the X-Forwarded-For header is not formally standardized, some variations to the IP address format exist. For example, some implementations<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (April 2023)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> include the port number of clients, or enclose IPv6 addresses in square brackets even without the port number, similar to the format in the newer <code>Forwarded</code> header. Examples: </p> <pre>X-Forwarded-For: 203.0.113.195:41237, 198.51.100.100:38523 X-Forwarded-For: [2001:db8::1a2b:3c4d]:41237, 198.51.100.100:26321 X-Forwarded-For: [2001:db8::aa:bb] </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-Forwarded-For&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The X-Forwarded-For header is added or edited by HTTP <a href="/wiki/Proxy_server" title="Proxy server">proxies</a> when forwarding a request. The server appends the address of the client to an existing X-Forwarded-For header separated by a comma, or creates a new X-Forwarded-For header with the client address as the value. </p><p>Since it is easy to forge an X-Forwarded-For field the given information should be used with care. The right-most IP address is always the IP address that connects to the last proxy, which means it is the most reliable source of information. X-Forwarded-For data can be used in a forward or reverse proxy scenario. If the server is behind a trusted <a href="/wiki/Reverse_proxy" title="Reverse proxy">reverse proxy</a> and only allows connections from that proxy, the header value can usually be assumed to be trustworthy. </p><p>Just logging the X-Forwarded-For field is not always enough as the last proxy IP address in a chain is not contained within the X-Forwarded-For field, it is in the actual IP header. A web server should log both the request's source IP address and the X-Forwarded-For field information for completeness. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternatives_and_variations">Alternatives and variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-Forwarded-For&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Alternatives and variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7239">7239</a> standardized a <code>Forwarded</code> HTTP header with similar purpose but more features compared to the <code>X-Forwarded-For</code> HTTP header.<sup id="cite_ref-RFC_7239_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFC_7239-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of a <code>Forwarded</code> header's syntax: </p> <pre>Forwarded: for=192.0.2.60;proto=http;by=203.0.113.43 Forwarded: for="[2001:db8::1234]" </pre> <p><a href="/wiki/HAProxy" title="HAProxy">HAProxy</a> defines the PROXY protocol which can communicate the originating client's IP address without using the <code>X-Forwarded-For</code> or <code>Forwarded</code> header.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This protocol can be used on multiple transport protocols and does not require inspecting the inner protocol, so it is not limited to HTTP. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-Forwarded-For&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_privacy" title="Internet privacy">Internet privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_server#Web_proxy_servers" title="Proxy server">List of proxy software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Originating-IP" title="X-Originating-IP">X-Originating-IP</a> for <a href="/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" title="Simple Mail Transfer Protocol">SMTP</a> equivalent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields" title="List of HTTP header fields">List of HTTP header fields</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=X-Forwarded-For&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140920220804/http://mailheader.mattiasgeniar.be/headers.php">"Overview of parsed mail headers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mailheader.mattiasgeniar.be/headers.php">the original</a> on 2014-09-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview+of+parsed+mail+headers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmailheader.mattiasgeniar.be%2Fheaders.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX-Forwarded-For" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.squid-cache.org/Doc/config/follow_x_forwarded_for/">"squid : follow_x_forwarded_for configuration directive"</a>. <i>Squid-cache.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Squid-cache.org&rft.atitle=squid+%3A+follow_x_forwarded_for+configuration+directive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.squid-cache.org%2FDoc%2Fconfig%2Ffollow_x_forwarded_for%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX-Forwarded-For" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Forwarded-For">"X-Forwarded-For"</a>. <i>MDN Web Docs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MDN+Web+Docs&rft.atitle=X-Forwarded-For&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FWeb%2FHTTP%2FHeaders%2FX-Forwarded-For&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX-Forwarded-For" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RFC_7239-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RFC_7239_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeterssonNilsson2014" class="citation cs1">Petersson, A; Nilsson, M (June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7239"><i>Forwarded HTTP Extension</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC7239">10.17487/RFC7239</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7239">7239</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forwarded+HTTP+Extension&rft.pub=IETF&rft.date=2014-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC7239&rft.aulast=Petersson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Nilsson%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc7239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AX-Forwarded-For" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.5/doc/proxy-protocol.txt">Willy Tarreau: The PROXY protocol</a>. haproxy.1wt.eu. 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