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</li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Solutions <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 d-lg-flex flex-wrap dropdown-menu-wide"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 border-lg-right mb-4 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data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;ci_cd&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;ci_cd_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/use-case/ci-cd"> CI/CD </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_use_cases&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_use_cases_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/use-case"> View all use cases </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="solutions-by-industry-heading">By industry</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="solutions-by-industry-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;healthcare&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;healthcare_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/industry/healthcare"> Healthcare </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;financial_services&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;financial_services_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/industry/financial-services"> Financial services </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;manufacturing&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;manufacturing_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/industry/manufacturing"> Manufacturing </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;government&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;government_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/industry/government"> Government </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all_industries&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;solutions&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_industries_link_solutions_navbar&quot;}" href="/solutions/industry"> View all industries </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-trailing-link rounded-bottom-2 flex-shrink-0 mt-lg-4 px-lg-4 py-4 py-lg-3 f5 text-semibold"> <a href="/solutions"> View all solutions <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right HeaderMenu-trailing-link-icon"> <path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Resources <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 d-lg-flex flex-wrap dropdown-menu-wide"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 border-lg-right mb-4 mb-lg-0 pr-lg-7"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="resources-topics-heading">Topics</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="resources-topics-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;ai&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;ai_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="/resources/articles/ai"> AI </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;devops&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;devops_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="/resources/articles/devops"> DevOps </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;security&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;security_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="/resources/articles/security"> Security </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;software_development&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;software_development_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="/resources/articles/software-development"> Software Development </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;view_all&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;view_all_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="/resources/articles"> View all </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="resources-explore-heading">Explore</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="resources-explore-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;navbar&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:&quot;learning_pathways&quot;,&quot;context&quot;:&quot;resources&quot;,&quot;tag&quot;:&quot;link&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:&quot;learning_pathways_link_resources_navbar&quot;}" href="https://resources.github.com/learn/pathways"> Learning Pathways <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" 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0Zm4.879-2.773 4.264 2.559a.25.25 0 0 1 0 .428l-4.264 2.559A.25.25 0 0 1 6 10.559V5.442a.25.25 0 0 1 .379-.215Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Actions </span> </a> </li> <li hidden="hidden" data-menu-item="i4projects-tab" data-targets="action-list.items" role="none" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem"> <a tabindex="-1" id="item-123c98c1-bdbd-4ac4-a1a5-e5191771b600" href="/patcg-individual-drafts/private-aggregation-api/projects" role="menuitem" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListContent ActionListContent--visual16"> <span class="ActionListItem-visual ActionListItem-visual--leading"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-table"> <path d="M0 1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h12.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25ZM6.5 6.5v8h7.75a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V6.5Zm8-1.5V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H6.5V5Zm-13 1.5v7.75c0 .138.112.25.25.25H5v-8ZM5 5V1.5H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25V5Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Projects </span> </a> </li> <li hidden="hidden" data-menu-item="i5security-tab" data-targets="action-list.items" role="none" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem"> <a tabindex="-1" id="item-469b9b03-0049-4c5b-90a7-5865354c1ec8" href="/patcg-individual-drafts/private-aggregation-api/security" role="menuitem" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListContent ActionListContent--visual16"> <span class="ActionListItem-visual ActionListItem-visual--leading"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-shield"> <path d="M7.467.133a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.066 0l5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 15 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.697 1.697 0 0 1-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1.217-1.667Zm.61 1.429a.25.25 0 0 0-.153 0l-5.25 1.68a.25.25 0 0 0-.174.238V7c0 1.358.275 2.666 1.057 3.86.784 1.194 2.121 2.34 4.366 3.297a.196.196 0 0 0 .154 0c2.245-.956 3.582-2.104 4.366-3.298C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.36 13.5 7V3.48a.251.251 0 0 0-.174-.237l-5.25-1.68ZM8.75 4.75v3a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-3a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 10.5a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem-label"> Security </span> </a> </li> <li hidden="hidden" data-menu-item="i6insights-tab" data-targets="action-list.items" role="none" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListItem"> <a tabindex="-1" id="item-2772fcb8-8c65-40e4-959e-3d76230b7328" href="/patcg-individual-drafts/private-aggregation-api/pulse" role="menuitem" data-view-component="true" class="ActionListContent ActionListContent--visual16"> <span class="ActionListItem-visual ActionListItem-visual--leading"> 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with cross-site information","anchor":"measuring-user-demographics-with-cross-site-information","htmlText":"Measuring user demographics with cross-site information"},{"level":3,"text":"Cross-site reach measurement","anchor":"cross-site-reach-measurement","htmlText":"Cross-site reach measurement"},{"level":3,"text":"K+ frequency measurement","anchor":"k-frequency-measurement","htmlText":"K+ frequency measurement"},{"level":2,"text":"Goals","anchor":"goals","htmlText":"Goals"},{"level":3,"text":"Non-goals","anchor":"non-goals","htmlText":"Non-goals"},{"level":2,"text":"Operations","anchor":"operations","htmlText":"Operations"},{"level":2,"text":"Reports","anchor":"reports","htmlText":"Reports"},{"level":3,"text":"Temporary debugging mechanism","anchor":"temporary-debugging-mechanism","htmlText":"Temporary debugging mechanism"},{"level":4,"text":"Enabling","anchor":"enabling","htmlText":"Enabling"},{"level":4,"text":"Debug keys","anchor":"debug-keys","htmlText":"Debug keys"},{"level":4,"text":"Duplicate debug report","anchor":"duplicate-debug-report","htmlText":"Duplicate debug report"},{"level":3,"text":"Reducing volume by batching","anchor":"reducing-volume-by-batching","htmlText":"Reducing volume by batching"},{"level":4,"text":"Batching scope","anchor":"batching-scope","htmlText":"Batching scope"},{"level":4,"text":"Limiting the number of contributions per report","anchor":"limiting-the-number-of-contributions-per-report","htmlText":"Limiting the number of contributions per report"},{"level":4,"text":"Padding","anchor":"padding","htmlText":"Padding"},{"level":3,"text":"Aggregation coordinator choice","anchor":"aggregation-coordinator-choice","htmlText":"Aggregation coordinator choice"},{"level":2,"text":"Privacy and security","anchor":"privacy-and-security","htmlText":"Privacy and security"},{"level":3,"text":"Metadata readable by the reporting origin","anchor":"metadata-readable-by-the-reporting-origin","htmlText":"Metadata readable by the reporting origin"},{"level":4,"text":"Open question: what metadata to allow","anchor":"open-question-what-metadata-to-allow","htmlText":"Open question: what metadata to allow"},{"level":3,"text":"Contribution bounding and budgeting","anchor":"contribution-bounding-and-budgeting","htmlText":"Contribution bounding and budgeting"},{"level":4,"text":"Scaling values","anchor":"scaling-values","htmlText":"Scaling values"},{"level":4,"text":"Examples","anchor":"examples-1","htmlText":"Examples"},{"level":4,"text":"Partition choice","anchor":"partition-choice","htmlText":"Partition choice"},{"level":4,"text":"Implementation plan","anchor":"implementation-plan","htmlText":"Implementation plan"},{"level":3,"text":"Enrollment and attestation","anchor":"enrollment-and-attestation","htmlText":"Enrollment and attestation"},{"level":2,"text":"Future Iterations","anchor":"future-iterations","htmlText":"Future Iterations"},{"level":3,"text":"Supporting different aggregation modes","anchor":"supporting-different-aggregation-modes","htmlText":"Supporting different aggregation modes"},{"level":3,"text":"Shared contribution budget","anchor":"shared-contribution-budget","htmlText":"Shared contribution budget"},{"level":3,"text":"Authentication and data integrity","anchor":"authentication-and-data-integrity","htmlText":"Authentication and data integrity"},{"level":3,"text":"Aggregate error reporting","anchor":"aggregate-error-reporting","htmlText":"Aggregate error reporting"}],"lineInfo":{"truncatedLoc":"781","truncatedSloc":"637"},"mode":"file"},"image":false,"isCodeownersFile":null,"isPlain":false,"isValidLegacyIssueTemplate":false,"issueTemplate":null,"discussionTemplate":null,"language":"Markdown","languageID":222,"large":false,"planSupportInfo":{"repoIsFork":null,"repoOwnedByCurrentUser":null,"requestFullPath":"/patcg-individual-drafts/private-aggregation-api/blob/main/README.md","showFreeOrgGatedFeatureMessage":null,"showPlanSupportBanner":null,"upgradeDataAttributes":null,"upgradePath":null},"publishBannersInfo":{"dismissActionNoticePath":"/settings/dismiss-notice/publish_action_from_dockerfile","releasePath":"/patcg-individual-drafts/private-aggregation-api/releases/new?marketplace=true","showPublishActionBanner":false},"rawBlobUrl":"https://github.com/patcg-individual-drafts/private-aggregation-api/raw/refs/heads/main/README.md","renderImageOrRaw":false,"richText":"\u003carticle class=\"markdown-body entry-content container-lg\" itemprop=\"text\"\u003e\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis document is an individual draft proposal. It has not been adopted by the Private Advertising Technology Community Group.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePrivate Aggregation API explainer\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-private-aggregation-api-explainer\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Private Aggregation API explainer\" href=\"#private-aggregation-api-explainer\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAuthor: Alex Turner (\u003ca href=\"mailto:alexmt@chromium.org\"\u003ealexmt@chromium.org\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTable of Contents\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-table-of-contents\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Table of Contents\" href=\"#table-of-contents\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#introduction\"\u003eIntroduction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#examples\"\u003eExamples\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#protected-audience-reporting\"\u003eProtected Audience reporting\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#measuring-user-demographics-with-cross-site-information\"\u003eMeasuring user demographics with cross-site information\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#cross-site-reach-measurement\"\u003eCross-site reach measurement\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#k-frequency-measurement\"\u003eK+ frequency measurement\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#goals\"\u003eGoals\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#non-goals\"\u003eNon-goals\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#operations\"\u003eOperations\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#reports\"\u003eReports\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#temporary-debugging-mechanism\"\u003eTemporary debugging mechanism\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#enabling\"\u003eEnabling\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#debug-keys\"\u003eDebug keys\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#duplicate-debug-report\"\u003eDuplicate debug report\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#reducing-volume-by-batching\"\u003eReducing volume by batching\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#batching-scope\"\u003eBatching scope\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#limiting-the-number-of-contributions-per-report\"\u003eLimiting the number of contributions per report\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#padding\"\u003ePadding\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#aggregation-coordinator-choice\"\u003eAggregation coordinator choice\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#privacy-and-security\"\u003ePrivacy and security\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#metadata-readable-by-the-reporting-origin\"\u003eMetadata readable by the reporting origin\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#open-question-what-metadata-to-allow\"\u003eOpen question: what metadata to allow\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#contribution-bounding-and-budgeting\"\u003eContribution bounding and budgeting\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#scaling-values\"\u003eScaling values\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#examples-1\"\u003eExamples\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#partition-choice\"\u003ePartition choice\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#implementation-plan\"\u003eImplementation plan\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#enrollment-and-attestation\"\u003eEnrollment and attestation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#future-iterations\"\u003eFuture Iterations\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#supporting-different-aggregation-modes\"\u003eSupporting different aggregation modes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#shared-contribution-budget\"\u003eShared contribution budget\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#authentication-and-data-integrity\"\u003eAuthentication and data integrity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#aggregate-error-reporting\"\u003eAggregate error reporting\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eIntroduction\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-introduction\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Introduction\" href=\"#introduction\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis proposal introduces a generic mechanism for measuring aggregate, cross-site\ndata in a privacy preserving manner.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBrowsers are now working to prevent cross-site user tracking, including by\n\u003ca href=\"https://blog.chromium.org/2020/01/building-more-private-web-path-towards.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003epartitioning storage and removing third-party\ncookies\u003c/a\u003e.\nThere are a range of API proposals to continue supporting legitimate use cases\nin a way that respects user privacy. Many of these proposals, including \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/shared-storage\"\u003eShared\nStorage\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/turtledove\"\u003eProtected\nAudience\u003c/a\u003e, plan to isolate potentially\nidentifying cross-site data in special contexts, which ensures that the data\ncannot escape the user agent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRelative to cross-site data from an individual user, aggregate data about groups\nof users can be less sensitive and yet would be sufficient for a wide range of\nuse cases. An \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/conversion-measurement-api/blob/main/AGGREGATION_SERVICE_TEE.md\"\u003eaggregation\nservice\u003c/a\u003e\nhas been proposed to allow reporting noisy, aggregated cross-site data. This\nservice was originally proposed for use by the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/conversion-measurement-api/blob/main/AGGREGATE.md\"\u003eAttribution Reporting\nAPI\u003c/a\u003e,\nbut allowing more general aggregation would support additional use cases. In\nparticular, the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/turtledove\"\u003eProtected Audience\u003c/a\u003e\nand \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/shared-storage\"\u003eShared Storage\u003c/a\u003e\nproposals expect this functionality to become available.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSo, to complement the Attribution Reporting API, we propose a general-purpose\nPrivate Aggregation API that can be called from a wide array of contexts,\nincluding isolated contexts that have access to cross-site data (such as a\nshared storage worklet). Within these contexts, potentially identifying data\ncould be encapsulated into \"aggregatable reports\". To prevent leakage, the\ncross-site data in these reports would be encrypted to ensure it can only be\nprocessed by the aggregation service. During processing, this service will add\nnoise and impose limits on how many queries can be performed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis API introduces a \u003ccode\u003econtributeToHistogram()\u003c/code\u003e function; see\n\u003ca href=\"#examples\"\u003eexamples\u003c/a\u003e below. This call registers a histogram contribution for\nreporting. Later, the browser constructs an aggregatable report, which contains\nan encrypted payload with the specified contribution(s) for later computation\nvia the aggregation service.\nThe API queues the constructed report to be sent to the reporting endpoint of\nthe script's origin (in other words, the reporting origin) after a delay. The\nreport format and endpoint paths are detailed \u003ca href=\"#reports\"\u003ebelow\u003c/a\u003e.\nAfter the endpoint receives the reports, it batches the reports and sends them\nto the aggregation service for processing. The output of that process is a\nsummary report containing the (approximate) result, which is dispatched back to\nthe reporting origin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSee \u003ca href=\"https://patcg-individual-drafts.github.io/private-aggregation-api/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ethe Private Aggregation API specification\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eExamples\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-examples\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Examples\" href=\"#examples\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eProtected Audience reporting\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-protected-audience-reporting\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Protected Audience reporting\" href=\"#protected-audience-reporting\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/turtledove/blob/main/FLEDGE.md#5-event-level-reporting-for-now\"\u003eProtected\nAudience\u003c/a\u003e\nAPI plans to run on-device ad\nauctions using cross-site data as an input. The Private Aggregation API will\nallow measurement of the auction results from within the isolated execution\nenvironments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor example, a key measurement use case is to report the price of the auctions'\nwinning bids. This tells the seller how much they should be paid and who should\npay them. To support this, each seller's JavaScript could define a\n\u003ccode\u003ereportResult()\u003c/code\u003e function. For example:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"function reportResult(auctionConfig, browserSignals) {\n // Helper functions that map each buyer to its predetermined bucket and scales\n // each bid appropriately for measurement, see scaling values below.\n function convertBuyerToBucketId(buyer_origin) { … }\n function convertBidToReportingValue(winning_bid_price) { … }\n\n // The user agent sends the report to the reporting endpoint of the script's\n // origin (that is, the caller of `runAdAuction()`) after a delay.\n privateAggregation.contributeToHistogram({\n // Note: the bucket must be a BigInt and the value an integer Number.\n bucket: convertBuyerToBucketId(browserSignals.interestGroupOwner),\n value: convertBidToReportingValue(browserSignals.bid)\n });\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efunction\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ereportResult\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eauctionConfig\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebrowserSignals\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Helper functions that map each buyer to its predetermined bucket and scales\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// each bid appropriately for measurement, see scaling values below.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efunction\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003econvertBuyerToBucketId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebuyer_origin\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e…\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efunction\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003econvertBidToReportingValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ewinning_bid_price\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e…\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// The user agent sends the report to the reporting endpoint of the script's\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// origin (that is, the caller of `runAdAuction()`) after a delay.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eprivateAggregation\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003econtributeToHistogram\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Note: the bucket must be a BigInt and the value an integer Number.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebucket\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003econvertBuyerToBucketId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebrowserSignals\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003einterestGroupOwner\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003evalue\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003econvertBidToReportingValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebrowserSignals\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe buyer can make their own measurements, which could be used to verify the\nseller's information. To support this, each buyer's JavaScript would define a\n\u003ccode\u003ereportWin()\u003c/code\u003e function (and possibly also a \u003ccode\u003ereportLoss()\u003c/code\u003e function). For\nexample:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"function reportWin(auctionSignals, perBuyerSignals, sellerSignals, browserSignals) {\n // The buyer defines their own similar functions.\n function convertSellerToBucketId(seller_origin) { … }\n function convertBidToReportingValue(winning_bid_price) { … }\n\n privateAggregation.contributeToHistogram({\n bucket: convertSellerToBucketId(browserSignals.seller),\n value: convertBidToReportingValue(browserSignals.bid),\n });\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efunction\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ereportWin\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eauctionSignals\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eperBuyerSignals\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003esellerSignals\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebrowserSignals\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// The buyer defines their own similar functions.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efunction\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003econvertSellerToBucketId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eseller_origin\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e…\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efunction\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003econvertBidToReportingValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ewinning_bid_price\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e…\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eprivateAggregation\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003econtributeToHistogram\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebucket\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003econvertSellerToBucketId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebrowserSignals\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eseller\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003evalue\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003econvertBidToReportingValue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebrowserSignals\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMeasuring user demographics with cross-site information\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-measuring-user-demographics-with-cross-site-information\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Measuring user demographics with cross-site information\" href=\"#measuring-user-demographics-with-cross-site-information\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epublisher.example\u003c/code\u003e wants to measure the demographics of its user base, for\nexample, a histogram of number of users split by age ranges. \u003ccode\u003edemo.example\u003c/code\u003e is a\npopular site that knows the demographics of its users. \u003ccode\u003epublisher.example\u003c/code\u003e\nembeds \u003ccode\u003edemo.example\u003c/code\u003e as a third-party, allowing it to measure the demographics\nof the overlapping users.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFirst, \u003ccode\u003edemo.example\u003c/code\u003e saves these demographics to its shared storage when it is\nthe top level site:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"sharedStorage.set(\u0026quot;demo\u0026quot;, '{\u0026quot;age\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;40-49\u0026quot;, ...}');\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003esharedStorage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"demo\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'{\"age\": \"40-49\", ...}'\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThen, in a \u003ccode\u003edemo.example\u003c/code\u003e iframe on \u003ccode\u003epublisher.example\u003c/code\u003e, the appropriate shared\nstorage operation is triggered once for each user:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"await sharedStorage.worklet.addModule(\u0026quot;measure-demo.js\u0026quot;);\nawait sharedStorage.run(\u0026quot;send-demo-report\u0026quot;);\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003esharedStorage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eworklet\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eaddModule\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"measure-demo.js\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003esharedStorage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003erun\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"send-demo-report\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eShared storage worklet script (i.e. \u003ccode\u003emeasure-demo.js\u003c/code\u003e):\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"class SendDemoReportOperation {\n async function run() {\n let demo_string = await sharedStorage.get(\u0026quot;demo\u0026quot;);\n let demo = {};\n if (demo_string) {\n demo = JSON.parse(demo_string);\n }\n\n // Helper function that maps each age range to its predetermined bucket, or\n // a special unknown bucket e.g. if the user has not visited `demo.example`.\n function convertAgeToBucketId(country_string_or_undefined) { … }\n\n // The report will be sent to `demo.example`'s reporting endpoint after a\n // delay.\n privateAggregation.contributeToHistogram({\n bucket: convertAgeToBucketId(demo[\u0026quot;age\u0026quot;]);\n value: 128, // A predetermined fixed value, see scaling values below.\n });\n\n // Could add more contributeToHistogram() calls to measure other demographics.\n }\n}\nregister(\u0026quot;send-demo-report\u0026quot;, SendDemoReportOperation);\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eSendDemoReportOperation\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003efunction\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erun\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edemo_string\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003esharedStorage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"demo\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edemo\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edemo_string\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edemo\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eJSON\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eparse\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edemo_string\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Helper function that maps each age range to its predetermined bucket, or\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// a special unknown bucket e.g. if the user has not visited `demo.example`.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efunction\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003econvertAgeToBucketId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ecountry_string_or_undefined\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e…\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// The report will be sent to `demo.example`'s reporting endpoint after a\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// delay.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eprivateAggregation\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003econtributeToHistogram\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebucket\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003econvertAgeToBucketId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edemo\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"age\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n value: \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e128\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// A predetermined fixed value, see scaling values below.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Could add more contributeToHistogram() calls to measure other demographics.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eregister\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"send-demo-report\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eSendDemoReportOperation\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eCross-site reach measurement\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-cross-site-reach-measurement\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Cross-site reach measurement\" href=\"#cross-site-reach-measurement\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMeasuring the number of users that have seen an ad.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn the ad’s iframe:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"await window.sharedStorage.worklet.addModule('reach.js');\nawait window.sharedStorage.run('send-reach-report', {\n // optional one-time context\n data: { campaignId: '1234' },\n});\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ewindow\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003esharedStorage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eworklet\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eaddModule\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'reach.js'\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ewindow\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003esharedStorage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003erun\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'send-reach-report'\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// optional one-time context\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edata\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecampaignId\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'1234'\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWorklet script (i.e. \u003ccode\u003ereach.js\u003c/code\u003e):\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"class SendReachReportOperation {\n async run(data) {\n const reportSentForCampaign = `report-sent-${data.campaignId}`;\n\n // Compute reach only for users who haven't previously had a report sent for\n // this campaign. Users who had a report for this campaign triggered by a\n // site other than the current one will be skipped.\n if (await sharedStorage.get(reportSentForCampaign) === 'yes') {\n return; // Don't send a report.\n }\n\n // The user agent will send the report to a default endpoint after a delay.\n privateAggregation.contributeToHistogram({\n bucket: data.campaignId,\n value: 128, // A predetermined fixed value; see Scaling values.\n });\n\n await sharedStorage.set(reportSentForCampaign, 'yes');\n }\n}\nregister('send-reach-report', SendReachReportOperation);\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eclass\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eSendReachReportOperation\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003erun\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edata\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ereportSentForCampaign\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e`report-sent-\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e${\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edata\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecampaignId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e`\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Compute reach only for users who haven't previously had a report sent for\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// this campaign. Users who had a report for this campaign triggered by a\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// site other than the current one will be skipped.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003esharedStorage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ereportSentForCampaign\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e===\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'yes'\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ereturn\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Don't send a report.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// The user agent will send the report to a default endpoint after a delay.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eprivateAggregation\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003econtributeToHistogram\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ebucket\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edata\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecampaignId\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003evalue\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e128\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// A predetermined fixed value; see Scaling values.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003esharedStorage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eset\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ereportSentForCampaign\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'yes'\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eregister\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'send-reach-report'\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eSendReachReportOperation\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eK\u003c/em\u003e+ frequency measurement\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-k-frequency-measurement\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: K+ frequency measurement\" href=\"#k-frequency-measurement\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBy instead maintaining a counter in shared storage, the approach for cross-site\nreach measurement could be extended to \u003cem\u003eK\u003c/em\u003e+ frequency measurement, i.e.\nmeasuring the number of users who have seen \u003cem\u003eK\u003c/em\u003e or more ads on a given browser,\nfor a pre-chosen value of \u003cem\u003eK\u003c/em\u003e. A unary counter can be maintained by calling\n\u003ccode\u003ewindow.sharedStorage.append(\"freq\", \"1\")\u003c/code\u003e on each ad view. Then, the\n\u003ccode\u003esend-reach-report\u003c/code\u003e operation would only send a report if there are more than\n\u003cem\u003eK\u003c/em\u003e characters stored at the key \u003ccode\u003e\"freq\"\u003c/code\u003e. This counter could also be used to\nfilter out ads that have been shown too frequently.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGoals\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-goals\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Goals\" href=\"#goals\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis API aims to support a wide range of aggregation use cases, including\nmeasurement of demographics and reach, while remaining generic and flexible. We\nintend for this API to be callable in as many contexts and situations as\npossible, including the isolated contexts used by other privacy-preserving API\nproposals for processing cross-site data. This will help to foster continued\ngrowth, experimentation, and rapid iteration in the web ecosystem; to support a\nthriving, open web; and to prevent ossification and unnecessary rigidity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis API also intends to avoid the privacy risks presented by unpartitioned\nstorage and third-party cookies. In particular, it seeks to prevent off-browser\ncross-site recognition of users. Developer adoption of this API will help to\nreplace the usage of third-party cookies, making the web more private by\ndefault.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eNon-goals\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-non-goals\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Non-goals\" href=\"#non-goals\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis API does not intend to regulate what data is allowed as an input to\naggregation. Instead, the aggregation service will protect this input by adding\nnoise to limit the impact of any individual's input data on the output. Learn\nmore about \u003ca href=\"#contribution-bounding-and-budgeting\"\u003econtribution bounding and\nbudgeting\u003c/a\u003e below.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFurther, this API does not seek to prevent (probabilistic) cross-site inference\nabout sufficiently large groups of people. That is, learning high confidence\nproperties of large groups is ok as long as we can bound how much an individual\naffects the aggregate measurement. See also \u003ca href=\"https://differentialprivacy.org/inference-is-not-a-privacy-violation/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ediscussion of this non-goal in\nother\nsettings\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eOperations\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-operations\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Operations\" href=\"#operations\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis current design supports one operation: constructing a histogram. This\noperation matches the description in the \u003ca href=\"http://github.com/WICG/conversion-measurement-api/blob/main/AGGREGATE.md#two-party-flow\"\u003eAttribution Reporting API with\nAggregatable Reports\nexplainer\u003c/a\u003e,\nwith a fixed domain of 'buckets' that the reports contribute bounded integer\n'values' to. Note that sums can be computed using the histogram operation by\ncontributing values to a fixed, predetermined bucket and ignoring the returned\nvalues for all other buckets after querying.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOver time, we should be able to support additional operations by extending the\naggregation service infrastructure. For example, we could add a 'count\ndistinct' operation that, like the histogram operation, uses a fixed domain of\nbuckets, but without any values. Instead, the computed result would be\n(approximately) how many \u003cem\u003eunique\u003c/em\u003e buckets the reports contributed to. Other\npossible additions include supporting federated learning via privately\naggregating machine learning update vectors or extending the histogram operation\nto support values that are vectors of integers rather than only scalars.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe operation would be indicated by using the appropriate JavaScript call, e.g.\n\u003ccode\u003econtributeToHistogram()\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003econtributeToDistinctCount()\u003c/code\u003e for histograms and\ncount distinct, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eReports\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-reports\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Reports\" href=\"#reports\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe report, including the payload, will mirror the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/conversion-measurement-api/blob/main/AGGREGATE.md#aggregatable-reports\"\u003estructure proposed for the Attribution Reporting\nAPI\u003c/a\u003e.\nHowever, a few details will change. For example, fields with no equivalent\non this API (e.g. \u003ccode\u003eattribution_destination\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003esource_registration_time\u003c/code\u003e)\nwon't be present. Additionally, the \u003ccode\u003eapi\u003c/code\u003e field will contain either\n\u003ccode\u003e\"protected-audience\"\u003c/code\u003e\nor \u003ccode\u003e\"shared-storage\"\u003c/code\u003e to reflect which API's context requested the report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe following is an example report showing the JSON format\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"{\n \u0026quot;shared_info\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;{\\\u0026quot;api\\\u0026quot;:\\\u0026quot;protected-audience\\\u0026quot;,\\\u0026quot;report_id\\\u0026quot;:\\\u0026quot;[UUID]\\\u0026quot;,\\\u0026quot;reporting_origin\\\u0026quot;:\\\u0026quot;https://reporter.example\\\u0026quot;,\\\u0026quot;scheduled_report_time\\\u0026quot;:\\\u0026quot;[timestamp in seconds]\\\u0026quot;,\\\u0026quot;version\\\u0026quot;:\\\u0026quot;[api version]\\\u0026quot;}\u0026quot;,\n\n \u0026quot;aggregation_service_payloads\u0026quot;: [\n {\n \u0026quot;payload\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;[base64-encoded data]\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;key_id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;[string]\u0026quot;,\n\n // Optional debugging information if debugging is enabled\n \u0026quot;debug_cleartext_payload\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;[base64-encoded unencrypted payload]\u0026quot;,\n }\n ],\n\n // Optional debugging information if debugging is enabled and debug key specified\n \u0026quot;debug_key\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;[64 bit unsigned integer]\u0026quot;\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"shared_info\"\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"{\\\"api\\\":\\\"protected-audience\\\",\\\"report_id\\\":\\\"[UUID]\\\",\\\"reporting_origin\\\":\\\"https://reporter.example\\\",\\\"scheduled_report_time\\\":\\\"[timestamp in seconds]\\\",\\\"version\\\":\\\"[api version]\\\"}\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"aggregation_service_payloads\"\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"payload\"\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"[base64-encoded data]\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"key_id\"\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"[string]\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Optional debugging information if debugging is enabled\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"debug_cleartext_payload\"\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"[base64-encoded unencrypted payload]\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Optional debugging information if debugging is enabled and debug key specified\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"debug_key\"\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"[64 bit unsigned integer]\"\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAs described earlier, these reports will be sent to the reporting origin after a\ndelay. The URL path used for sending the reports will be\n\u003ccode\u003e/.well-known/private-aggregation/report-protected-audience\u003c/code\u003e and\n\u003ccode\u003e/.well-known/private-aggregation/report-shared-storage\u003c/code\u003e for reports triggered\nwithin a Protected Audience or Shared Storage context, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTemporary debugging mechanism\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-temporary-debugging-mechanism\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Temporary debugging mechanism\" href=\"#temporary-debugging-mechanism\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eWhile third-party cookies are still available\u003c/em\u003e, we plan to have a temporary\nmechanism available that allows for easier debugging. This mechanism involves\ntemporarily relaxing some privacy constraints. It will help ensure that the API\ncan be fully understood during roll-out and help flush out any bugs (either in\nbrowser or caller code), and more easily compare the performance to cookie-based\nalternatives.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis mechanism is similar to Attribution Reporting API's \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/attribution-reporting-api/blob/main/EVENT.md#optional-extended-debugging-reports\"\u003edebug aggregatable\nreports\u003c/a\u003e.\nWhen the debug mode is enabled for a report, a cleartext version of the payload\nwill be included in the report. Additionally, the shared_info will also include\nthe flag \u003ccode\u003e\"debug_mode\": \"enabled\"\u003c/code\u003e to allow the aggregation service to support\ndebugging functionality on these reports.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis data will only be available in a transitional phase while third-party\ncookies are available and are already capable of user tracking. The debug mode\nwill only be enabled if the context is able to access third-party cookies and\nthe browser has third-party cookies generally enabled. That is, it will be\ndisabled if third-party cookies are disabled/deprecated generally or for a\nparticular site/context; note that if third-party cookies are generally\ndisabled, but enabled for a particular site, debug mode will not be enabled for\nthat site to protect data saved from other sites.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThough the debug mode is tied to third-party cookie availability, browsers may\ntemporarily allow debug mode without third-party cookies in order to support\ntesting, such as the browsers in the \u003ca href=\"https://developers.google.com/privacy-sandbox/setup/web/chrome-facilitated-testing#mode_b_disable_1_of_third-party_cookies\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMode\nB\u003c/a\u003e\ngroup of Chrome-facilitated testing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eEnabling\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-enabling\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Enabling\" href=\"#enabling\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe following javascript call will then enable debug mode for all future reports\nrequested in that context (e.g. Shared Storage operation or Protected Audience\nfunction call):\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"privateAggregation.enableDebugMode();\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eprivateAggregation\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eenableDebugMode\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe browser can optionally apply debug mode to reports requested earlier in that\ncontext.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis javascript function can only be called once per context. Any subsequent\ncalls will throw an exception.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDebug keys\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-debug-keys\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Debug keys\" href=\"#debug-keys\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo allow sites to associate reports with the contexts that triggered them, we\nalso allow setting 64-bit unsigned integer debug keys. These keys are passed as\nan optional field to the javascript call, for example:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"privateAggregation.enableDebugMode({debugKey: 1234n});\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eprivateAggregation\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eenableDebugMode\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edebugKey\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e1234n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDuplicate debug report\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-duplicate-debug-report\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Duplicate debug report\" href=\"#duplicate-debug-report\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhen debug mode is enabled, an additional, duplicate debug report will be sent\nimmediately (i.e. without the random delay) to a separate debug endpoint. This\nendpoint will use a path like\n\u003ccode\u003e/.well-known/private-aggregation/debug/report-protected-audience\u003c/code\u003e (and the\nequivalent for Shared Storage).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe debug reports should be almost identical to the normal reports, including\nthe additional debug fields. However, the payload ciphertext will differ due to\nrepeating the encryption operation and the \u003ccode\u003ekey_id\u003c/code\u003e may differ if the previous\nkey had since expired or the browser randomly chose a different valid public\nkey.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eReducing volume by batching\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-reducing-volume-by-batching\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Reducing volume by batching\" href=\"#reducing-volume-by-batching\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn the case of multiple calls to \u003ccode\u003econtributeToHistogram()\u003c/code\u003e, we can reduce report\nvolume by sending a single report with multiple contributions instead of\nmultiple reports. For this to be possible, the different calls must involve the\nsame reporting origin and the same API (i.e. Protected Audience or Shared\nStorage).\nAdditionally, the calls must be made at a similar time as the reporting time\nwill necessarily be shared.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eBatching scope\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-batching-scope\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Batching scope\" href=\"#batching-scope\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor calls within a Shared Storage worklet, calls within the same Shared Storage\noperation should be batched together.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor calls within a Protected Audience worklet, calls using the same reporting\norigin within the same auction should be batched together. This should happen\neven between different interest groups or Protected Audience function calls.\nHowever, reports triggered via \u003ccode\u003ewindow.fence.reportEvent()\u003c/code\u003e (see\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/turtledove/blob/main/FLEDGE_extended_PA_reporting.md#reporting-bidding-data-associated-with-an-event-in-a-frame\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e\nfor more detail), should only be batched per-event. This avoids excessive delay\nif this event is triggered substantially later. Reports for Protected Audience\nbidders may not share the same \u003ca href=\"#aggregation-coordinator-choice\"\u003eaggregation coordinator\nchoice\u003c/a\u003e. In this case, calls should be batched\nseparately for the different coordinator choices.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOne consideration in the short term is that these calls may have different\nassociated \u003ca href=\"#temporary-debugging-mechanism\"\u003edebug modes or keys\u003c/a\u003e. In this case,\nonly calls sharing those details should be batched together.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eLimiting the number of contributions per report\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-limiting-the-number-of-contributions-per-report\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Limiting the number of contributions per report\" href=\"#limiting-the-number-of-contributions-per-report\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe will also need a limit on the number of contributions within a single report.\nIn the case that too many contributions are specified with a ‘batching scope’,\nwe should truncate them to the limit. To reduce the impact of this limit, we\nwill merge any contributions that have the same bucket and \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/patcg-individual-drafts/private-aggregation-api/blob/main/flexible_filtering.md#proposal-filtering-id-in-the-encrypted-payload\"\u003efiltering\nID\u003c/a\u003e\nbefore truncation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAlthough larger reports have higher utility, they are also more expensive for\nthe aggregation service to process. To accommodate use cases with diverse\nutility requirements and cost tolerances, we will attempt to select reasonable\ndefaults with optional overrides:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDefault limits:\u003c/em\u003e The default limit may depend on the identity of the calling\nAPI. In particular, Protected Audience reports may benefit from a higher limit\nmore than Shared Storage reports. Our implementation plan is to set the\ndefault limit at 20 contributions per report for Shared Storage and 100\ncontributions per report for Protected Audience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePer-context limits:\u003c/em\u003e Callers may request a different limit on each isolated\ncontext they create. Since this affects the payload size, the requested limit\nmust be specified from outside an isolated context. Consequently, Protected\nAudience buyers cannot set per-context limits. The browser must clamp\nexcessively large values to some maximum value. Our implementation plan is to\nclamp the requested limit to a maximum of 1000 contributions per report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGlobal config:\u003c/em\u003e A more complex design that enables sites to configure a\nglobal limit may also be possible, but it requires further analysis. (See\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/patcg-individual-drafts/private-aggregation-api/issues/81\" data-hovercard-type=\"issue\" data-hovercard-url=\"/patcg-individual-drafts/private-aggregation-api/issues/81/hovercard\"\u003eissue #81\u003c/a\u003e.)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePadding\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-padding\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Padding\" href=\"#padding\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe size of the encrypted payload may reveal information about the number of\ncontributions embedded in the aggregatable report. This can be mitigated by\npadding the plaintext payload (e.g. to a fixed size). In the shorter term, we\nplan to pad the payload by adding 'null' contributions (i.e. with value 0) to\na fixed length. In the future, we plan to instead append bytes to a fixed\nlength, but this will require updating the payload version.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAggregation coordinator choice\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-aggregation-coordinator-choice\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Aggregation coordinator choice\" href=\"#aggregation-coordinator-choice\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis API should support multiple deployment options for the aggregation service,\ne.g. deployments on \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/attribution-reporting-api/blob/main/AGGREGATION_SERVICE_TEE.md#initial-experiment-plans\"\u003edifferent cloud\nproviders\u003c/a\u003e.\nTo avoid a leak, this choice should not be possible from within an isolated\ncontext when a \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/patcg-individual-drafts/private-aggregation-api/blob/main/report_verification.md#shared-storage\"\u003econtext\nID\u003c/a\u003e\nis set.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe propose a new optional string field \u003ccode\u003eaggregationCoordinatorOrigin\u003c/code\u003e to allow\ndevelopers to specify the deployment option, e.g. the origin for the aggregation\nservice deployed on AWS, GCP, and other platforms in the future. The specified\norigin would need to be on an allowlist maintained by the browser. If none is\nspecified, a default will be used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis allowlist matches the Attribution Reporting API's, available\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/attribution-reporting-api/blob/main/aggregation_coordinator_origin_allowlist.md\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eShared Storage callers would specify this field when calling the \u003ccode\u003erun()\u003c/code\u003e or\n\u003ccode\u003eselectURL()\u003c/code\u003e APIs, e.g.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"sharedStorage.run('someOperation', {'privateAggregationConfig':\n {'aggregationCoordinatorOrigin': 'https://coordinator.example'}});\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003esharedStorage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003erun\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'someOperation'\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'privateAggregationConfig'\u003c/span\u003e:\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'aggregationCoordinatorOrigin'\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'https://coordinator.example'\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNote that we are reusing the \u003ccode\u003eprivateAggregationConfig\u003c/code\u003e that currently allows\nfor specifying a context ID (see\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/patcg-individual-drafts/private-aggregation-api/blob/main/report_verification.md\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eProtected Audience sellers would specify this field in the \u003ccode\u003eauctionConfig\u003c/code\u003e, e.g.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"const myAuctionConfig = {\n ...\n 'privateAggregationConfig': {\n 'aggregationCoordinatorOrigin': 'https://coordinator.example'\n }\n};\nconst auctionResultPromise = navigator.runAdAuction(myAuctionConfig);\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emyAuctionConfig\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n ...\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'privateAggregationConfig'\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'aggregationCoordinatorOrigin'\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'https://coordinator.example'\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eauctionResultPromise\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003enavigator\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003erunAdAuction\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emyAuctionConfig\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor Protected Audience bidders, we plan to allow this choice to be set for each\ninterest group via \u003ccode\u003enavigator.joinAdInterestGroup()\u003c/code\u003e, e.g.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"const interestGroup = {\n ...\n 'privateAggregationConfig': {\n 'aggregationCoordinatorOrigin': 'https://coordinator.example'\n }\n};\nconst auctionResultPromise = navigator.joinAdInterestGroup(interestGroup);\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003einterestGroup\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n ...\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'privateAggregationConfig'\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'aggregationCoordinatorOrigin'\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'https://coordinator.example'\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003econst\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eauctionResultPromise\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003enavigator\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ejoinAdInterestGroup\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003einterestGroup\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis setting would be able to be overridden via the typical interest group\nmechanisms. For example, the update mechanism could support a new\n\u003ccode\u003eprivateAggregationConfig\u003c/code\u003e key matching the call to \u003ccode\u003ejoinAdInterestGroup()\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePrivacy and security\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-privacy-and-security\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Privacy and security\" href=\"#privacy-and-security\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMetadata readable by the reporting origin\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-metadata-readable-by-the-reporting-origin\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Metadata readable by the reporting origin\" href=\"#metadata-readable-by-the-reporting-origin\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eReports will, by default, come with a variety of (unencrypted) metadata that the\nreporting origin will be able to directly read. While this metadata can be\nuseful, we must be careful to balance the impact on privacy. Here are some\nexamples of metadata that could be included, along with some potential risks:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe originally scheduled reporting time (noised within an ~hour granularity)\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCould be used to identify users on the reporting site within a time window\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNote that combining this with the actual timestamp the report was received\ncould reveal if the user's device was offline, etc.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe reporting origin\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetermined by the execution context's origin, but a site could use different\nsubdomains, e.g. to separate use cases.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWhich API triggered the report\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003eapi\u003c/code\u003e field and the endpoint path indicates which API triggered the\nreport (e.g. Protected Audience or Shared Storage).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe API version\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA version string used to allow future incompatible changes to the API. This\nshould usually correspond to the browser version and should not change\noften.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEncrypted payload sizes\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIf we do not carefully add padding or enforce that all reports are of the\nsame natural size, this may expose some information about the contents of\nthe report.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDebugging information\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIf \u003ca href=\"#temporary-debug-mechanism\"\u003edebugging\u003c/a\u003e is enabled, some additional\nmetadata will be provided. While this information may be potentially\nidentifying, it will only be available temporarily: while third-party\ncookies are enabled.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeveloper-selected metadata\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSee \u003ca href=\"#open-question-what-metadata-to-allow\"\u003eopen question: what metadata to\nallow\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eOpen question: what metadata to allow\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-open-question-what-metadata-to-allow\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Open question: what metadata to allow\" href=\"#open-question-what-metadata-to-allow\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt remains an open question what metadata should be included or allowed in the\nreport and how that metadata could be selected or configured. Note that any\nvariation in the reporting endpoint (such as the URL path) would, for this\nanalysis, be equivalent to including the selected endpoint as additional\nmetadata.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhile allowing a developer to specify arbitrary metadata from an isolated\ncontext would negate the privacy goals of the API, specifying a report's\nmetadata from a non-isolated context (e.g. a main document) may be less\nworrisome. This could improve the API's utility and flexibility. For example,\nallowing this might simplify usage for a single origin using the API for\ndifferent use cases. This non-isolated metadata selection could also allow for\nfirst-party trust signals to be associated with a report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAlternatively, there may be ways to \"noise\" the metadata to achieve\ndifferential privacy. Further study and consideration is needed here.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eContribution bounding and budgeting\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-contribution-bounding-and-budgeting\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Contribution bounding and budgeting\" href=\"#contribution-bounding-and-budgeting\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAs described above, the aggregation service protects user privacy by adding\nnoise, aiming to have a framework that could support differential privacy.\nHowever, simply protecting each \u003cem\u003equery\u003c/em\u003e to the aggregation service or each\n\u003cem\u003ereport\u003c/em\u003e sent from a user agent would be vulnerable to an adversary that repeats\nqueries or issues multiple reports, and combines the results. Instead, we\npropose the following structure. See \u003ca href=\"#implementation-plan\"\u003ebelow\u003c/a\u003e for the\nspecific choices we have made in our current implementation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFirst, each user agent will limit the contribution that it could make to the\noutputs of aggregation service queries. (Note that this limitation is a rate\nover time, not an absolute number, see \u003ca href=\"#partition-choice\"\u003ePartition choice\u003c/a\u003e\nbelow.) In the case of a histogram operation, the user agent could bound the\nL\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e norm of the \u003cem\u003evalues\u003c/em\u003e, i.e. the sum of all the contributions across\nall buckets. The user agent could consider other bounds, e.g. the L\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\nnorm.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe user agent would also need to determine what the appropriate\n'partition' is for this budgeting, see \u003ca href=\"#partition-choice\"\u003epartition choice\u003c/a\u003e\nbelow. For example, there could be a separate L\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e 'budget' for each\norigin, resetting periodically. Exceeding these limits will cause future\ncontributions to silently drop.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSecond, the server-side processing will limit the number of queries that can be\nperformed on reports containing the same 'shared ID' to a small number (e.g. a\nsingle query). See\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/attribution-reporting-api/blob/main/AGGREGATION_SERVICE_TEE.md#disjoint-batches\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e\nfor more detail.\nThis also limits the number of queries that can contain the same report. The\nshared ID is a hash representing the partition. It is computed by the aggregation\nservice using data available in each aggregatable report. Note that the hash's\ninput data will need to differ from the Attribution Reporting API (e.g. to\nexclude fields like the destination site that don't exist in this API).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWith the above restrictions, the processing servers only need to sample the\nnoise for each query from a fixed distribution. In principle, this fixed noise\ncould be used to achieve differential privacy, e.g. by using Laplace noise with\nthe following parameter: (max number of queries per report) * (max\nL\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e per user per partition) / epsilon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eScaling values\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-scaling-values\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Scaling values\" href=\"#scaling-values\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eDevelopers will need to choose an appropriate scale for their measurements. In\nother words, they will likely want to multiply their values by a fixed,\npredetermined constant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eScaling the values up, i.e. choosing a larger constant, will reduce the\n\u003cem\u003erelative\u003c/em\u003e noise added by the server (as the noise has constant magnitude).\nHowever, this will also cause the limit on the L\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e norm of the values\ncontributed to reports, i.e. the sum of all contributions across all buckets, to\nbe reached faster. Recall that no more reports can be sent after depleting the\nbudget.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eScaling the values down, i.e. choosing a smaller constant, will increase the\nrelative noise, but would also reduce the risk of reaching the budget limit.\nDevelopers will have to balance these considerations to choose the appropriate\nscale. The examples below explore this in more detail.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eExamples\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-examples-1\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Examples\" href=\"#examples-1\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThese examples use an L\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e bound of 2\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e = 65 536.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eLet's consider a basic measurement case: a binary histogram of counts. For\nexample, using bucket 0 to indicate a user is a member of some group and bucket\n1 to indicate they are not. Suppose that we don't want to measure anything\nelse and we've set up our measurement so that each user is only measured once\n(per partition per time period). Then, each user could contribute their full limit\n(i.e. 2\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e) to the appropriate bucket. After all the reports for all\nusers are collected, a single query would be performed and the server would add\nnoise (from a fixed distribution) to each bucket. We would then divide the\nvalues by 2\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e to obtain a fairly precise result (with standard\ndeviation of 1/2\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e of the server's noise distribution).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf each user had instead just contributed a value of 1, we wouldn't have to\ndivide the query result by 2\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e. However, each user would end the week\nwith the vast majority of their budget remaining -- and the processing servers\nwould still add the same noise. So, our result would be much less precise (with\nstandard deviation equal to the server's noise distribution).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOn the other hand, suppose we wanted to allow each user to report multiple times\nper time period to this same binary histogram. In this case, we would have to reduce\neach contribution from 2\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e to a lower predetermined value, say,\n2\u003csup\u003e12\u003c/sup\u003e. Then, each user would be allowed to contribute up to 16 times to\nthe histogram. Note that you have to reduce each contribution by the \u003cem\u003eworst\ncase\u003c/em\u003e number of contributions per user. Otherwise, users contributing too much\nwill have reports dropped.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePartition choice\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-partition-choice\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Partition choice\" href=\"#partition-choice\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA narrow partition (e.g. giving each top-level \u003cem\u003eURL\u003c/em\u003e a separate budget) may not\nsufficiently protect privacy. Unfortunately, very broad partitions (e.g. a\nsingle budget for the browser) may allow malicious (or simply greedy) actors to\nexhaust the budget, denying service to all others.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe ergonomics of the partition should also be considered. Some choices might\nrequire coordination between different entities (e.g. different third parties on\none site) or complex delegation mechanism. Other choices would require complex\naccounting; for example, requiring \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/pythagoraskitty/shared-storage\"\u003eShared\nstorage\u003c/a\u003e to record the source\nof each piece of data that could have contributed (even indirectly) to a report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNote also that it is important to include a time component to the partition,\ne.g. resetting limits periodically. This does risk long-term information leakage\nfrom dedicated adversaries, but is essential for utility. Other options for\nrecovering from an exhausted budget may be possible but need further\nexploration, e.g. allowing a site to clear its data to reset its budget.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eImplementation plan\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-implementation-plan\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Implementation plan\" href=\"#implementation-plan\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe plan to enforce a per-\u003ca href=\"https://web.dev/same-site-same-origin/#site\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003esite\u003c/a\u003e\nbudget that resets every 10 minutes; that is, we will bound the contributions\nthat any site can make to a histogram over any 10 minute rolling window. We plan\nto use an L\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e bound of 2\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e = 65 536 for this bound; this\naligns with the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/conversion-measurement-api/blob/main/AGGREGATE.md#privacy-budgeting\"\u003eAttribution Reporting API with Aggregatable Reports\nexplainer\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAs a backstop to limit worst-case leakage, we plan a separate, looser per-site\nbound that is enforced on a 24 hour rolling window, limiting the daily\nL\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e norm to 2\u003csup\u003e20\u003c/sup\u003e = 1 048 576.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis site will match the site of the execution environment, i.e. the site of the\nreporting origin, no matter which top-level sites are involved. For the earlier\n\u003ca href=\"#examples\"\u003eexample\u003c/a\u003e, this would correspond to the \u003ccode\u003erunAdAuction()\u003c/code\u003e caller\nwithin \u003ccode\u003ereportResult()\u003c/code\u003e and the interest group owner within\n\u003ccode\u003ereportWin()\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003ereportLoss()\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe initially plan to have two separate budgets: one for calls within Shared\nStorage worklets and one for Protected Audience worklets. However, see \u003ca href=\"#shared-contribution-budget\"\u003eshared\ncontribution budget\u003c/a\u003e below.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eEnrollment and attestation\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-enrollment-and-attestation\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Enrollment and attestation\" href=\"#enrollment-and-attestation\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUse of this API requires\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/privacysandbox/attestation/blob/main/how-to-enroll.md\"\u003eenrollment\u003c/a\u003e\nand\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/privacysandbox/attestation/blob/main/README.md#core-privacy-attestations\"\u003eattestation\u003c/a\u003e\nvia the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/privacysandbox/attestation/blob/main/README.md\"\u003ePrivacy Sandbox enrollment attestation\nmodel\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhen an aggregatable report is triggered, a check will be performed to determine\nwhether the calling\n\u003ca href=\"https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsers.html#site\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003esite\u003c/a\u003e is enrolled and\nattested. If this check fails, the report will be dropped (i.e. not sent).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFuture Iterations\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-future-iterations\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Future Iterations\" href=\"#future-iterations\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSupporting different aggregation modes\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-supporting-different-aggregation-modes\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Supporting different aggregation modes\" href=\"#supporting-different-aggregation-modes\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis API will support an optional parameter \u003ccode\u003ealternativeAggregationMode\u003c/code\u003e that\naccepts a string value. This parameter will allow developers to choose among\ndifferent options for aggregation infrastructure supported by the user agent.\nThis will allow experimentation with new technologies, and allows us to test new\napproaches without removing core functionality provided by the default option.\nThe \u003ccode\u003e\"experimental-poplar\"\u003c/code\u003e option will implement a protocol similar to\n\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/cjpatton/vdaf/blob/main/draft-patton-cfrg-vdaf.md#poplar1-poplar1\"\u003epoplar\u003c/a\u003e\nVDAF in the \u003ca href=\"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-gpew-priv-ppm/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ePPM\nFramework\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eShared contribution budget\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-shared-contribution-budget\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Shared contribution budget\" href=\"#shared-contribution-budget\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSeparating contribution budgets for Shared Storage worklets and Protected\nAudience worklets\nprovides additional flexibility; for example, some partition choices may not be\ncompatible (e.g. a per-interest group budget). However, we could consider\nmerging the two budgets in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAuthentication and data integrity\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-authentication-and-data-integrity\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Authentication and data integrity\" href=\"#authentication-and-data-integrity\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo ensure the integrity of the aggregated data, it may be desirable to support a\nmechanism for authentication. This would help limit the impact of reports sent\nfrom malicious or misbehaving clients on the results of each query.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo ensure privacy, the reporting endpoint should be able to determine whether a\nreport came from a trusted client without determining \u003cem\u003ewhich\u003c/em\u003e client sent it. We\nmay be able to use \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/WICG/trust-token-api\"\u003etrust tokens\u003c/a\u003e for\nthis, but further design work is required.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAggregate error reporting\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-aggregate-error-reporting\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Aggregate error reporting\" href=\"#aggregate-error-reporting\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUnfortunately, errors that occur within isolated execution contexts cannot be\neasily reported (e.g. to a non-isolated document or over the network). If\nallowed, such errors could be used as an information channel. While these errors\ncould still appear in the console, it would also aid developers if we add a\nmechanism for aggregate error reporting. This reporting could be automatic or\ncould be required to be configured according to the developers' preferences.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis document is an individual draft proposal. It has not been adopted by the Private Advertising Technology Community Group.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/article\u003e","renderedFileInfo":null,"shortPath":null,"symbolsEnabled":true,"tabSize":8,"topBannersInfo":{"overridingGlobalFundingFile":false,"globalPreferredFundingPath":null,"showInvalidCitationWarning":false,"citationHelpUrl":"https://docs.github.com/github/creating-cloning-and-archiving-repositories/creating-a-repository-on-github/about-citation-files","actionsOnboardingTip":null},"truncated":false,"viewable":true,"workflowRedirectUrl":null,"symbols":{"timed_out":false,"not_analyzed":false,"symbols":[{"name":"Private Aggregation API explainer","kind":"section_1","ident_start":142,"ident_end":175,"extent_start":140,"extent_end":37862,"fully_qualified_name":"Private Aggregation API 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style="display:inline-block;user-select:none;vertical-align:text-bottom;overflow:visible"><path d="M8 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3ZM1.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Zm13 0a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div><div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 hGyMdv"><section aria-labelledby="file-name-id-wide file-name-id-mobile" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fGqKFv"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 eoaCFS js-snippet-clipboard-copy-unpositioned" data-hpc="true"><article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><p dir="auto"><strong>This document is an individual draft proposal. It has not been adopted by the Private Advertising Technology Community Group.</strong></p> <hr> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Private Aggregation API explainer</h1><a id="user-content-private-aggregation-api-explainer" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Private Aggregation API explainer" href="#private-aggregation-api-explainer"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Author: Alex Turner (<a href="mailto:alexmt@chromium.org">alexmt@chromium.org</a>)</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Table of Contents</h3><a id="user-content-table-of-contents" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Table of Contents" href="#table-of-contents"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="#examples">Examples</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#protected-audience-reporting">Protected Audience reporting</a></li> <li><a href="#measuring-user-demographics-with-cross-site-information">Measuring user demographics with cross-site information</a></li> <li><a href="#cross-site-reach-measurement">Cross-site reach measurement</a></li> <li><a href="#k-frequency-measurement">K+ frequency measurement</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#goals">Goals</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#non-goals">Non-goals</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#operations">Operations</a></li> <li><a href="#reports">Reports</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#temporary-debugging-mechanism">Temporary debugging mechanism</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#enabling">Enabling</a></li> <li><a href="#debug-keys">Debug keys</a></li> <li><a href="#duplicate-debug-report">Duplicate debug report</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#reducing-volume-by-batching">Reducing volume by batching</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#batching-scope">Batching scope</a></li> <li><a href="#limiting-the-number-of-contributions-per-report">Limiting the number of contributions per report</a></li> <li><a href="#padding">Padding</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#aggregation-coordinator-choice">Aggregation coordinator choice</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#privacy-and-security">Privacy and security</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#metadata-readable-by-the-reporting-origin">Metadata readable by the reporting origin</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#open-question-what-metadata-to-allow">Open question: what metadata to allow</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#contribution-bounding-and-budgeting">Contribution bounding and budgeting</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#scaling-values">Scaling values</a></li> <li><a href="#examples-1">Examples</a></li> <li><a href="#partition-choice">Partition choice</a></li> <li><a href="#implementation-plan">Implementation plan</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#enrollment-and-attestation">Enrollment and attestation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#future-iterations">Future Iterations</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#supporting-different-aggregation-modes">Supporting different aggregation modes</a></li> <li><a href="#shared-contribution-budget">Shared contribution budget</a></li> <li><a href="#authentication-and-data-integrity">Authentication and data integrity</a></li> <li><a href="#aggregate-error-reporting">Aggregate error reporting</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Introduction</h2><a id="user-content-introduction" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Introduction" href="#introduction"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This proposal introduces a generic mechanism for measuring aggregate, cross-site data in a privacy preserving manner.</p> <p dir="auto">Browsers are now working to prevent cross-site user tracking, including by <a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2020/01/building-more-private-web-path-towards.html" rel="nofollow">partitioning storage and removing third-party cookies</a>. There are a range of API proposals to continue supporting legitimate use cases in a way that respects user privacy. Many of these proposals, including <a href="https://github.com/WICG/shared-storage">Shared Storage</a> and <a href="https://github.com/WICG/turtledove">Protected Audience</a>, plan to isolate potentially identifying cross-site data in special contexts, which ensures that the data cannot escape the user agent.</p> <p dir="auto">Relative to cross-site data from an individual user, aggregate data about groups of users can be less sensitive and yet would be sufficient for a wide range of use cases. An <a href="https://github.com/WICG/conversion-measurement-api/blob/main/AGGREGATION_SERVICE_TEE.md">aggregation service</a> has been proposed to allow reporting noisy, aggregated cross-site data. This service was originally proposed for use by the <a href="https://github.com/WICG/conversion-measurement-api/blob/main/AGGREGATE.md">Attribution Reporting API</a>, but allowing more general aggregation would support additional use cases. In particular, the <a href="https://github.com/WICG/turtledove">Protected Audience</a> and <a href="https://github.com/WICG/shared-storage">Shared Storage</a> proposals expect this functionality to become available.</p> <p dir="auto">So, to complement the Attribution Reporting API, we propose a general-purpose Private Aggregation API that can be called from a wide array of contexts, including isolated contexts that have access to cross-site data (such as a shared storage worklet). Within these contexts, potentially identifying data could be encapsulated into "aggregatable reports". To prevent leakage, the cross-site data in these reports would be encrypted to ensure it can only be processed by the aggregation service. During processing, this service will add noise and impose limits on how many queries can be performed.</p> <p dir="auto">This API introduces a <code>contributeToHistogram()</code> function; see <a href="#examples">examples</a> below. This call registers a histogram contribution for reporting. Later, the browser constructs an aggregatable report, which contains an encrypted payload with the specified contribution(s) for later computation via the aggregation service. The API queues the constructed report to be sent to the reporting endpoint of the script's origin (in other words, the reporting origin) after a delay. The report format and endpoint paths are detailed <a href="#reports">below</a>. After the endpoint receives the reports, it batches the reports and sends them to the aggregation service for processing. The output of that process is a summary report containing the (approximate) result, which is dispatched back to the reporting origin.</p> <p dir="auto">See <a href="https://patcg-individual-drafts.github.io/private-aggregation-api/" rel="nofollow">the Private Aggregation API specification</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Examples</h2><a id="user-content-examples" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Examples" href="#examples"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Protected Audience reporting</h3><a id="user-content-protected-audience-reporting" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Protected Audience reporting" href="#protected-audience-reporting"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The <a href="https://github.com/WICG/turtledove/blob/main/FLEDGE.md#5-event-level-reporting-for-now">Protected Audience</a> API plans to run on-device ad auctions using cross-site data as an input. The Private Aggregation API will allow measurement of the auction results from within the isolated execution environments.</p> <p dir="auto">For example, a key measurement use case is to report the price of the auctions' winning bids. This tells the seller how much they should be paid and who should pay them. To support this, each seller's JavaScript could define a <code>reportResult()</code> function. For example:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="function reportResult(auctionConfig, browserSignals) { // Helper functions that map each buyer to its predetermined bucket and scales // each bid appropriately for measurement, see scaling values below. function convertBuyerToBucketId(buyer_origin) { … } function convertBidToReportingValue(winning_bid_price) { … } // The user agent sends the report to the reporting endpoint of the script's // origin (that is, the caller of `runAdAuction()`) after a delay. privateAggregation.contributeToHistogram({ // Note: the bucket must be a BigInt and the value an integer Number. bucket: convertBuyerToBucketId(browserSignals.interestGroupOwner), value: convertBidToReportingValue(browserSignals.bid) }); }"><pre><span class="pl-k">function</span> <span class="pl-en">reportResult</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">auctionConfig</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">browserSignals</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c">// Helper functions that map each buyer to its predetermined bucket and scales</span> <span class="pl-c">// each bid appropriately for measurement, see scaling values below.</span> <span class="pl-k">function</span> <span class="pl-en">convertBuyerToBucketId</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">buyer_origin</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">…</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">function</span> <span class="pl-en">convertBidToReportingValue</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">winning_bid_price</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">…</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-c">// The user agent sends the report to the reporting endpoint of the script's</span> <span class="pl-c">// origin (that is, the caller of `runAdAuction()`) after a delay.</span> <span class="pl-s1">privateAggregation</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">contributeToHistogram</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c">// Note: the bucket must be a BigInt and the value an integer Number.</span> <span class="pl-c1">bucket</span>: <span class="pl-en">convertBuyerToBucketId</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">browserSignals</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">interestGroupOwner</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">value</span>: <span class="pl-en">convertBidToReportingValue</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">browserSignals</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">bid</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">The buyer can make their own measurements, which could be used to verify the seller's information. To support this, each buyer's JavaScript would define a <code>reportWin()</code> function (and possibly also a <code>reportLoss()</code> function). For example:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="function reportWin(auctionSignals, perBuyerSignals, sellerSignals, browserSignals) { // The buyer defines their own similar functions. function convertSellerToBucketId(seller_origin) { … } function convertBidToReportingValue(winning_bid_price) { … } privateAggregation.contributeToHistogram({ bucket: convertSellerToBucketId(browserSignals.seller), value: convertBidToReportingValue(browserSignals.bid), }); }"><pre><span class="pl-k">function</span> <span class="pl-en">reportWin</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">auctionSignals</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">perBuyerSignals</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">sellerSignals</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">browserSignals</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c">// The buyer defines their own similar functions.</span> <span class="pl-k">function</span> <span class="pl-en">convertSellerToBucketId</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">seller_origin</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">…</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">function</span> <span class="pl-en">convertBidToReportingValue</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">winning_bid_price</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">…</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-s1">privateAggregation</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">contributeToHistogram</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">bucket</span>: <span class="pl-en">convertSellerToBucketId</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">browserSignals</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">seller</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">value</span>: <span class="pl-en">convertBidToReportingValue</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">browserSignals</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">bid</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Measuring user demographics with cross-site information</h3><a id="user-content-measuring-user-demographics-with-cross-site-information" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Measuring user demographics with cross-site information" href="#measuring-user-demographics-with-cross-site-information"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><code>publisher.example</code> wants to measure the demographics of its user base, for example, a histogram of number of users split by age ranges. <code>demo.example</code> is a popular site that knows the demographics of its users. <code>publisher.example</code> embeds <code>demo.example</code> as a third-party, allowing it to measure the demographics of the overlapping users.</p> <p dir="auto">First, <code>demo.example</code> saves these demographics to its shared storage when it is the top level site:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="sharedStorage.set(&quot;demo&quot;, '{&quot;age&quot;: &quot;40-49&quot;, ...}');"><pre><span class="pl-s1">sharedStorage</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">set</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"demo"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s">'{"age": "40-49", ...}'</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Then, in a <code>demo.example</code> iframe on <code>publisher.example</code>, the appropriate shared storage operation is triggered once for each user:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="await sharedStorage.worklet.addModule(&quot;measure-demo.js&quot;); await sharedStorage.run(&quot;send-demo-report&quot;);"><pre><span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-s1">sharedStorage</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">worklet</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">addModule</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"measure-demo.js"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-s1">sharedStorage</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">run</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"send-demo-report"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Shared storage worklet script (i.e. <code>measure-demo.js</code>):</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="class SendDemoReportOperation { async function run() { let demo_string = await sharedStorage.get(&quot;demo&quot;); let demo = {}; if (demo_string) { demo = JSON.parse(demo_string); } // Helper function that maps each age range to its predetermined bucket, or // a special unknown bucket e.g. if the user has not visited `demo.example`. function convertAgeToBucketId(country_string_or_undefined) { … } // The report will be sent to `demo.example`'s reporting endpoint after a // delay. privateAggregation.contributeToHistogram({ bucket: convertAgeToBucketId(demo[&quot;age&quot;]); value: 128, // A predetermined fixed value, see scaling values below. }); // Could add more contributeToHistogram() calls to measure other demographics. } } register(&quot;send-demo-report&quot;, SendDemoReportOperation);"><pre><span class="pl-k">class</span> <span class="pl-v">SendDemoReportOperation</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">async</span> <span class="pl-en">function</span> <span class="pl-s1">run</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">let</span> <span class="pl-s1">demo_string</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-s1">sharedStorage</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">get</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"demo"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">let</span> <span class="pl-s1">demo</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">demo_string</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">demo</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">JSON</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">parse</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">demo_string</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-c">// Helper function that maps each age range to its predetermined bucket, or</span> <span class="pl-c">// a special unknown bucket e.g. if the user has not visited `demo.example`.</span> <span class="pl-k">function</span> <span class="pl-en">convertAgeToBucketId</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">country_string_or_undefined</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s1">…</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-c">// The report will be sent to `demo.example`'s reporting endpoint after a</span> <span class="pl-c">// delay.</span> <span class="pl-s1">privateAggregation</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">contributeToHistogram</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">bucket</span>: <span class="pl-en">convertAgeToBucketId</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">demo</span><span class="pl-kos">[</span><span class="pl-s">"age"</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> value: <span class="pl-c1">128</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c">// A predetermined fixed value, see scaling values below.</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// Could add more contributeToHistogram() calls to measure other demographics.</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-en">register</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"send-demo-report"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">SendDemoReportOperation</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Cross-site reach measurement</h3><a id="user-content-cross-site-reach-measurement" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Cross-site reach measurement" href="#cross-site-reach-measurement"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Measuring the number of users that have seen an ad.</p> <p dir="auto">In the ad’s iframe:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="await window.sharedStorage.worklet.addModule('reach.js'); await window.sharedStorage.run('send-reach-report', { // optional one-time context data: { campaignId: '1234' }, });"><pre><span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-smi">window</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">sharedStorage</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">worklet</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">addModule</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">'reach.js'</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-smi">window</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">sharedStorage</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">run</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">'send-reach-report'</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c">// optional one-time context</span> <span class="pl-c1">data</span>: <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">campaignId</span>: <span class="pl-s">'1234'</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Worklet script (i.e. <code>reach.js</code>):</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="class SendReachReportOperation { async run(data) { const reportSentForCampaign = `report-sent-${data.campaignId}`; // Compute reach only for users who haven't previously had a report sent for // this campaign. Users who had a report for this campaign triggered by a // site other than the current one will be skipped. if (await sharedStorage.get(reportSentForCampaign) === 'yes') { return; // Don't send a report. } // The user agent will send the report to a default endpoint after a delay. privateAggregation.contributeToHistogram({ bucket: data.campaignId, value: 128, // A predetermined fixed value; see Scaling values. }); await sharedStorage.set(reportSentForCampaign, 'yes'); } } register('send-reach-report', SendReachReportOperation);"><pre><span class="pl-k">class</span> <span class="pl-v">SendReachReportOperation</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">async</span> <span class="pl-en">run</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">data</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">reportSentForCampaign</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s">`report-sent-<span class="pl-s1"><span class="pl-kos">${</span><span class="pl-s1">data</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">campaignId</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span></span>`</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// Compute reach only for users who haven't previously had a report sent for</span> <span class="pl-c">// this campaign. Users who had a report for this campaign triggered by a</span> <span class="pl-c">// site other than the current one will be skipped.</span> <span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-s1">sharedStorage</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">get</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">reportSentForCampaign</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-c1">===</span> <span class="pl-s">'yes'</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">return</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// Don't send a report.</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-c">// The user agent will send the report to a default endpoint after a delay.</span> <span class="pl-s1">privateAggregation</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">contributeToHistogram</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">bucket</span>: <span class="pl-s1">data</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">campaignId</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">value</span>: <span class="pl-c1">128</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c">// A predetermined fixed value; see Scaling values.</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">await</span> <span class="pl-s1">sharedStorage</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">set</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">reportSentForCampaign</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s">'yes'</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-en">register</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">'send-reach-report'</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">SendReachReportOperation</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><em>K</em>+ frequency measurement</h3><a id="user-content-k-frequency-measurement" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: K+ frequency measurement" href="#k-frequency-measurement"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">By instead maintaining a counter in shared storage, the approach for cross-site reach measurement could be extended to <em>K</em>+ frequency measurement, i.e. measuring the number of users who have seen <em>K</em> or more ads on a given browser, for a pre-chosen value of <em>K</em>. A unary counter can be maintained by calling <code>window.sharedStorage.append("freq", "1")</code> on each ad view. Then, the <code>send-reach-report</code> operation would only send a report if there are more than <em>K</em> characters stored at the key <code>"freq"</code>. This counter could also be used to filter out ads that have been shown too frequently.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Goals</h2><a id="user-content-goals" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Goals" href="#goals"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This API aims to support a wide range of aggregation use cases, including measurement of demographics and reach, while remaining generic and flexible. We intend for this API to be callable in as many contexts and situations as possible, including the isolated contexts used by other privacy-preserving API proposals for processing cross-site data. This will help to foster continued growth, experimentation, and rapid iteration in the web ecosystem; to support a thriving, open web; and to prevent ossification and unnecessary rigidity.</p> <p dir="auto">This API also intends to avoid the privacy risks presented by unpartitioned storage and third-party cookies. In particular, it seeks to prevent off-browser cross-site recognition of users. Developer adoption of this API will help to replace the usage of third-party cookies, making the web more private by default.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Non-goals</h3><a id="user-content-non-goals" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Non-goals" href="#non-goals"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This API does not intend to regulate what data is allowed as an input to aggregation. Instead, the aggregation service will protect this input by adding noise to limit the impact of any individual's input data on the output. Learn more about <a href="#contribution-bounding-and-budgeting">contribution bounding and budgeting</a> below.</p> <p dir="auto">Further, this API does not seek to prevent (probabilistic) cross-site inference about sufficiently large groups of people. That is, learning high confidence properties of large groups is ok as long as we can bound how much an individual affects the aggregate measurement. See also <a href="https://differentialprivacy.org/inference-is-not-a-privacy-violation/" rel="nofollow">discussion of this non-goal in other settings</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Operations</h2><a id="user-content-operations" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Operations" href="#operations"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This current design supports one operation: constructing a histogram. This operation matches the description in the <a href="http://github.com/WICG/conversion-measurement-api/blob/main/AGGREGATE.md#two-party-flow">Attribution Reporting API with Aggregatable Reports explainer</a>, with a fixed domain of 'buckets' that the reports contribute bounded integer 'values' to. Note that sums can be computed using the histogram operation by contributing values to a fixed, predetermined bucket and ignoring the returned values for all other buckets after querying.</p> <p dir="auto">Over time, we should be able to support additional operations by extending the aggregation service infrastructure. For example, we could add a 'count distinct' operation that, like the histogram operation, uses a fixed domain of buckets, but without any values. Instead, the computed result would be (approximately) how many <em>unique</em> buckets the reports contributed to. Other possible additions include supporting federated learning via privately aggregating machine learning update vectors or extending the histogram operation to support values that are vectors of integers rather than only scalars.</p> <p dir="auto">The operation would be indicated by using the appropriate JavaScript call, e.g. <code>contributeToHistogram()</code> and <code>contributeToDistinctCount()</code> for histograms and count distinct, respectively.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Reports</h2><a id="user-content-reports" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Reports" href="#reports"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The report, including the payload, will mirror the <a href="https://github.com/WICG/conversion-measurement-api/blob/main/AGGREGATE.md#aggregatable-reports">structure proposed for the Attribution Reporting API</a>. However, a few details will change. For example, fields with no equivalent on this API (e.g. <code>attribution_destination</code> and <code>source_registration_time</code>) won't be present. Additionally, the <code>api</code> field will contain either <code>"protected-audience"</code> or <code>"shared-storage"</code> to reflect which API's context requested the report.</p> <p dir="auto">The following is an example report showing the JSON format</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="{ &quot;shared_info&quot;: &quot;{\&quot;api\&quot;:\&quot;protected-audience\&quot;,\&quot;report_id\&quot;:\&quot;[UUID]\&quot;,\&quot;reporting_origin\&quot;:\&quot;https://reporter.example\&quot;,\&quot;scheduled_report_time\&quot;:\&quot;[timestamp in seconds]\&quot;,\&quot;version\&quot;:\&quot;[api version]\&quot;}&quot;, &quot;aggregation_service_payloads&quot;: [ { &quot;payload&quot;: &quot;[base64-encoded data]&quot;, &quot;key_id&quot;: &quot;[string]&quot;, // Optional debugging information if debugging is enabled &quot;debug_cleartext_payload&quot;: &quot;[base64-encoded unencrypted payload]&quot;, } ], // Optional debugging information if debugging is enabled and debug key specified &quot;debug_key&quot;: &quot;[64 bit unsigned integer]&quot; }"><pre><span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s">"shared_info"</span>: <span class="pl-s">"{\"api\":\"protected-audience\",\"report_id\":\"[UUID]\",\"reporting_origin\":\"https://reporter.example\",\"scheduled_report_time\":\"[timestamp in seconds]\",\"version\":\"[api version]\"}"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s">"aggregation_service_payloads"</span>: <span class="pl-kos">[</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s">"payload"</span>: <span class="pl-s">"[base64-encoded data]"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s">"key_id"</span>: <span class="pl-s">"[string]"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c">// Optional debugging information if debugging is enabled</span> <span class="pl-s">"debug_cleartext_payload"</span>: <span class="pl-s">"[base64-encoded unencrypted payload]"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">]</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c">// Optional debugging information if debugging is enabled and debug key specified</span> <span class="pl-s">"debug_key"</span>: <span class="pl-s">"[64 bit unsigned integer]"</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">As described earlier, these reports will be sent to the reporting origin after a delay. The URL path used for sending the reports will be <code>/.well-known/private-aggregation/report-protected-audience</code> and <code>/.well-known/private-aggregation/report-shared-storage</code> for reports triggered within a Protected Audience or Shared Storage context, respectively.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Temporary debugging mechanism</h3><a id="user-content-temporary-debugging-mechanism" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Temporary debugging mechanism" href="#temporary-debugging-mechanism"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><em>While third-party cookies are still available</em>, we plan to have a temporary mechanism available that allows for easier debugging. This mechanism involves temporarily relaxing some privacy constraints. It will help ensure that the API can be fully understood during roll-out and help flush out any bugs (either in browser or caller code), and more easily compare the performance to cookie-based alternatives.</p> <p dir="auto">This mechanism is similar to Attribution Reporting API's <a href="https://github.com/WICG/attribution-reporting-api/blob/main/EVENT.md#optional-extended-debugging-reports">debug aggregatable reports</a>. When the debug mode is enabled for a report, a cleartext version of the payload will be included in the report. Additionally, the shared_info will also include the flag <code>"debug_mode": "enabled"</code> to allow the aggregation service to support debugging functionality on these reports.</p> <p dir="auto">This data will only be available in a transitional phase while third-party cookies are available and are already capable of user tracking. The debug mode will only be enabled if the context is able to access third-party cookies and the browser has third-party cookies generally enabled. That is, it will be disabled if third-party cookies are disabled/deprecated generally or for a particular site/context; note that if third-party cookies are generally disabled, but enabled for a particular site, debug mode will not be enabled for that site to protect data saved from other sites.</p> <p dir="auto">Though the debug mode is tied to third-party cookie availability, browsers may temporarily allow debug mode without third-party cookies in order to support testing, such as the browsers in the <a href="https://developers.google.com/privacy-sandbox/setup/web/chrome-facilitated-testing#mode_b_disable_1_of_third-party_cookies" rel="nofollow">Mode B</a> group of Chrome-facilitated testing.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Enabling</h4><a id="user-content-enabling" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Enabling" href="#enabling"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The following javascript call will then enable debug mode for all future reports requested in that context (e.g. Shared Storage operation or Protected Audience function call):</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="privateAggregation.enableDebugMode();"><pre><span class="pl-s1">privateAggregation</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">enableDebugMode</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">The browser can optionally apply debug mode to reports requested earlier in that context.</p> <p dir="auto">This javascript function can only be called once per context. Any subsequent calls will throw an exception.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Debug keys</h4><a id="user-content-debug-keys" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Debug keys" href="#debug-keys"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">To allow sites to associate reports with the contexts that triggered them, we also allow setting 64-bit unsigned integer debug keys. These keys are passed as an optional field to the javascript call, for example:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="privateAggregation.enableDebugMode({debugKey: 1234n});"><pre><span class="pl-s1">privateAggregation</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">enableDebugMode</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span><span class="pl-c1">debugKey</span>: <span class="pl-c1">1234n</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Duplicate debug report</h4><a id="user-content-duplicate-debug-report" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Duplicate debug report" href="#duplicate-debug-report"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">When debug mode is enabled, an additional, duplicate debug report will be sent immediately (i.e. without the random delay) to a separate debug endpoint. This endpoint will use a path like <code>/.well-known/private-aggregation/debug/report-protected-audience</code> (and the equivalent for Shared Storage).</p> <p dir="auto">The debug reports should be almost identical to the normal reports, including the additional debug fields. However, the payload ciphertext will differ due to repeating the encryption operation and the <code>key_id</code> may differ if the previous key had since expired or the browser randomly chose a different valid public key.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Reducing volume by batching</h3><a id="user-content-reducing-volume-by-batching" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Reducing volume by batching" href="#reducing-volume-by-batching"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">In the case of multiple calls to <code>contributeToHistogram()</code>, we can reduce report volume by sending a single report with multiple contributions instead of multiple reports. For this to be possible, the different calls must involve the same reporting origin and the same API (i.e. Protected Audience or Shared Storage). Additionally, the calls must be made at a similar time as the reporting time will necessarily be shared.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Batching scope</h4><a id="user-content-batching-scope" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Batching scope" href="#batching-scope"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">For calls within a Shared Storage worklet, calls within the same Shared Storage operation should be batched together.</p> <p dir="auto">For calls within a Protected Audience worklet, calls using the same reporting origin within the same auction should be batched together. This should happen even between different interest groups or Protected Audience function calls. However, reports triggered via <code>window.fence.reportEvent()</code> (see <a href="https://github.com/WICG/turtledove/blob/main/FLEDGE_extended_PA_reporting.md#reporting-bidding-data-associated-with-an-event-in-a-frame">here</a> for more detail), should only be batched per-event. This avoids excessive delay if this event is triggered substantially later. Reports for Protected Audience bidders may not share the same <a href="#aggregation-coordinator-choice">aggregation coordinator choice</a>. In this case, calls should be batched separately for the different coordinator choices.</p> <p dir="auto">One consideration in the short term is that these calls may have different associated <a href="#temporary-debugging-mechanism">debug modes or keys</a>. In this case, only calls sharing those details should be batched together.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Limiting the number of contributions per report</h4><a id="user-content-limiting-the-number-of-contributions-per-report" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Limiting the number of contributions per report" href="#limiting-the-number-of-contributions-per-report"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">We will also need a limit on the number of contributions within a single report. In the case that too many contributions are specified with a ‘batching scope’, we should truncate them to the limit. To reduce the impact of this limit, we will merge any contributions that have the same bucket and <a href="https://github.com/patcg-individual-drafts/private-aggregation-api/blob/main/flexible_filtering.md#proposal-filtering-id-in-the-encrypted-payload">filtering ID</a> before truncation.</p> <p dir="auto">Although larger reports have higher utility, they are also more expensive for the aggregation service to process. To accommodate use cases with diverse utility requirements and cost tolerances, we will attempt to select reasonable defaults with optional overrides:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li> <p dir="auto"><em>Default limits:</em> The default limit may depend on the identity of the calling API. In particular, Protected Audience reports may benefit from a higher limit more than Shared Storage reports. Our implementation plan is to set the default limit at 20 contributions per report for Shared Storage and 100 contributions per report for Protected Audience.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><em>Per-context limits:</em> Callers may request a different limit on each isolated context they create. Since this affects the payload size, the requested limit must be specified from outside an isolated context. Consequently, Protected Audience buyers cannot set per-context limits. The browser must clamp excessively large values to some maximum value. Our implementation plan is to clamp the requested limit to a maximum of 1000 contributions per report.</p> </li> <li> <p dir="auto"><em>Global config:</em> A more complex design that enables sites to configure a global limit may also be possible, but it requires further analysis. (See <a href="https://github.com/patcg-individual-drafts/private-aggregation-api/issues/81" data-hovercard-type="issue" data-hovercard-url="/patcg-individual-drafts/private-aggregation-api/issues/81/hovercard">issue #81</a>.)</p> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Padding</h4><a id="user-content-padding" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Padding" href="#padding"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The size of the encrypted payload may reveal information about the number of contributions embedded in the aggregatable report. This can be mitigated by padding the plaintext payload (e.g. to a fixed size). In the shorter term, we plan to pad the payload by adding 'null' contributions (i.e. with value 0) to a fixed length. In the future, we plan to instead append bytes to a fixed length, but this will require updating the payload version.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Aggregation coordinator choice</h3><a id="user-content-aggregation-coordinator-choice" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Aggregation coordinator choice" href="#aggregation-coordinator-choice"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This API should support multiple deployment options for the aggregation service, e.g. deployments on <a href="https://github.com/WICG/attribution-reporting-api/blob/main/AGGREGATION_SERVICE_TEE.md#initial-experiment-plans">different cloud providers</a>. To avoid a leak, this choice should not be possible from within an isolated context when a <a href="https://github.com/patcg-individual-drafts/private-aggregation-api/blob/main/report_verification.md#shared-storage">context ID</a> is set.</p> <p dir="auto">We propose a new optional string field <code>aggregationCoordinatorOrigin</code> to allow developers to specify the deployment option, e.g. the origin for the aggregation service deployed on AWS, GCP, and other platforms in the future. The specified origin would need to be on an allowlist maintained by the browser. If none is specified, a default will be used.</p> <p dir="auto">This allowlist matches the Attribution Reporting API's, available <a href="https://github.com/WICG/attribution-reporting-api/blob/main/aggregation_coordinator_origin_allowlist.md">here</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">Shared Storage callers would specify this field when calling the <code>run()</code> or <code>selectURL()</code> APIs, e.g.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="sharedStorage.run('someOperation', {'privateAggregationConfig': {'aggregationCoordinatorOrigin': 'https://coordinator.example'}});"><pre><span class="pl-s1">sharedStorage</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">run</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">'someOperation'</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span><span class="pl-s">'privateAggregationConfig'</span>: <span class="pl-kos">{</span><span class="pl-s">'aggregationCoordinatorOrigin'</span>: <span class="pl-s">'https://coordinator.example'</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Note that we are reusing the <code>privateAggregationConfig</code> that currently allows for specifying a context ID (see <a href="https://github.com/patcg-individual-drafts/private-aggregation-api/blob/main/report_verification.md">here</a>).</p> <p dir="auto">Protected Audience sellers would specify this field in the <code>auctionConfig</code>, e.g.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="const myAuctionConfig = { ... 'privateAggregationConfig': { 'aggregationCoordinatorOrigin': 'https://coordinator.example' } }; const auctionResultPromise = navigator.runAdAuction(myAuctionConfig);"><pre><span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">myAuctionConfig</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> ... <span class="pl-s">'privateAggregationConfig'</span>: <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s">'aggregationCoordinatorOrigin'</span>: <span class="pl-s">'https://coordinator.example'</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">auctionResultPromise</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">navigator</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">runAdAuction</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">myAuctionConfig</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">For Protected Audience bidders, we plan to allow this choice to be set for each interest group via <code>navigator.joinAdInterestGroup()</code>, e.g.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-js notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="const interestGroup = { ... 'privateAggregationConfig': { 'aggregationCoordinatorOrigin': 'https://coordinator.example' } }; const auctionResultPromise = navigator.joinAdInterestGroup(interestGroup);"><pre><span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">interestGroup</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> ... <span class="pl-s">'privateAggregationConfig'</span>: <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-s">'aggregationCoordinatorOrigin'</span>: <span class="pl-s">'https://coordinator.example'</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">const</span> <span class="pl-s1">auctionResultPromise</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s1">navigator</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">joinAdInterestGroup</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">interestGroup</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">This setting would be able to be overridden via the typical interest group mechanisms. For example, the update mechanism could support a new <code>privateAggregationConfig</code> key matching the call to <code>joinAdInterestGroup()</code>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Privacy and security</h2><a id="user-content-privacy-and-security" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Privacy and security" href="#privacy-and-security"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Metadata readable by the reporting origin</h3><a id="user-content-metadata-readable-by-the-reporting-origin" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Metadata readable by the reporting origin" href="#metadata-readable-by-the-reporting-origin"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Reports will, by default, come with a variety of (unencrypted) metadata that the reporting origin will be able to directly read. While this metadata can be useful, we must be careful to balance the impact on privacy. Here are some examples of metadata that could be included, along with some potential risks:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>The originally scheduled reporting time (noised within an ~hour granularity) <ul dir="auto"> <li>Could be used to identify users on the reporting site within a time window</li> <li>Note that combining this with the actual timestamp the report was received could reveal if the user's device was offline, etc.</li> </ul> </li> <li>The reporting origin <ul dir="auto"> <li>Determined by the execution context's origin, but a site could use different subdomains, e.g. to separate use cases.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Which API triggered the report <ul dir="auto"> <li>The <code>api</code> field and the endpoint path indicates which API triggered the report (e.g. Protected Audience or Shared Storage).</li> </ul> </li> <li>The API version <ul dir="auto"> <li>A version string used to allow future incompatible changes to the API. This should usually correspond to the browser version and should not change often.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Encrypted payload sizes <ul dir="auto"> <li>If we do not carefully add padding or enforce that all reports are of the same natural size, this may expose some information about the contents of the report.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Debugging information <ul dir="auto"> <li>If <a href="#temporary-debug-mechanism">debugging</a> is enabled, some additional metadata will be provided. While this information may be potentially identifying, it will only be available temporarily: while third-party cookies are enabled.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Developer-selected metadata <ul dir="auto"> <li>See <a href="#open-question-what-metadata-to-allow">open question: what metadata to allow</a>.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Open question: what metadata to allow</h4><a id="user-content-open-question-what-metadata-to-allow" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Open question: what metadata to allow" href="#open-question-what-metadata-to-allow"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">It remains an open question what metadata should be included or allowed in the report and how that metadata could be selected or configured. Note that any variation in the reporting endpoint (such as the URL path) would, for this analysis, be equivalent to including the selected endpoint as additional metadata.</p> <p dir="auto">While allowing a developer to specify arbitrary metadata from an isolated context would negate the privacy goals of the API, specifying a report's metadata from a non-isolated context (e.g. a main document) may be less worrisome. This could improve the API's utility and flexibility. For example, allowing this might simplify usage for a single origin using the API for different use cases. This non-isolated metadata selection could also allow for first-party trust signals to be associated with a report.</p> <p dir="auto">Alternatively, there may be ways to "noise" the metadata to achieve differential privacy. Further study and consideration is needed here.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Contribution bounding and budgeting</h3><a id="user-content-contribution-bounding-and-budgeting" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Contribution bounding and budgeting" href="#contribution-bounding-and-budgeting"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">As described above, the aggregation service protects user privacy by adding noise, aiming to have a framework that could support differential privacy. However, simply protecting each <em>query</em> to the aggregation service or each <em>report</em> sent from a user agent would be vulnerable to an adversary that repeats queries or issues multiple reports, and combines the results. Instead, we propose the following structure. See <a href="#implementation-plan">below</a> for the specific choices we have made in our current implementation.</p> <p dir="auto">First, each user agent will limit the contribution that it could make to the outputs of aggregation service queries. (Note that this limitation is a rate over time, not an absolute number, see <a href="#partition-choice">Partition choice</a> below.) In the case of a histogram operation, the user agent could bound the L<sub>1</sub> norm of the <em>values</em>, i.e. the sum of all the contributions across all buckets. The user agent could consider other bounds, e.g. the L<sub>2</sub> norm.</p> <p dir="auto">The user agent would also need to determine what the appropriate 'partition' is for this budgeting, see <a href="#partition-choice">partition choice</a> below. For example, there could be a separate L<sub>1</sub> 'budget' for each origin, resetting periodically. Exceeding these limits will cause future contributions to silently drop.</p> <p dir="auto">Second, the server-side processing will limit the number of queries that can be performed on reports containing the same 'shared ID' to a small number (e.g. a single query). See <a href="https://github.com/WICG/attribution-reporting-api/blob/main/AGGREGATION_SERVICE_TEE.md#disjoint-batches">here</a> for more detail. This also limits the number of queries that can contain the same report. The shared ID is a hash representing the partition. It is computed by the aggregation service using data available in each aggregatable report. Note that the hash's input data will need to differ from the Attribution Reporting API (e.g. to exclude fields like the destination site that don't exist in this API).</p> <p dir="auto">With the above restrictions, the processing servers only need to sample the noise for each query from a fixed distribution. In principle, this fixed noise could be used to achieve differential privacy, e.g. by using Laplace noise with the following parameter: (max number of queries per report) * (max L<sub>1</sub> per user per partition) / epsilon.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Scaling values</h4><a id="user-content-scaling-values" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Scaling values" href="#scaling-values"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Developers will need to choose an appropriate scale for their measurements. In other words, they will likely want to multiply their values by a fixed, predetermined constant.</p> <p dir="auto">Scaling the values up, i.e. choosing a larger constant, will reduce the <em>relative</em> noise added by the server (as the noise has constant magnitude). However, this will also cause the limit on the L<sub>1</sub> norm of the values contributed to reports, i.e. the sum of all contributions across all buckets, to be reached faster. Recall that no more reports can be sent after depleting the budget.</p> <p dir="auto">Scaling the values down, i.e. choosing a smaller constant, will increase the relative noise, but would also reduce the risk of reaching the budget limit. Developers will have to balance these considerations to choose the appropriate scale. The examples below explore this in more detail.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Examples</h4><a id="user-content-examples-1" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Examples" href="#examples-1"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">These examples use an L<sub>1</sub> bound of 2<sup>16</sup> = 65 536.</p> <p dir="auto">Let's consider a basic measurement case: a binary histogram of counts. For example, using bucket 0 to indicate a user is a member of some group and bucket 1 to indicate they are not. Suppose that we don't want to measure anything else and we've set up our measurement so that each user is only measured once (per partition per time period). Then, each user could contribute their full limit (i.e. 2<sup>16</sup>) to the appropriate bucket. After all the reports for all users are collected, a single query would be performed and the server would add noise (from a fixed distribution) to each bucket. We would then divide the values by 2<sup>16</sup> to obtain a fairly precise result (with standard deviation of 1/2<sup>16</sup> of the server's noise distribution).</p> <p dir="auto">If each user had instead just contributed a value of 1, we wouldn't have to divide the query result by 2<sup>16</sup>. However, each user would end the week with the vast majority of their budget remaining -- and the processing servers would still add the same noise. So, our result would be much less precise (with standard deviation equal to the server's noise distribution).</p> <p dir="auto">On the other hand, suppose we wanted to allow each user to report multiple times per time period to this same binary histogram. In this case, we would have to reduce each contribution from 2<sup>16</sup> to a lower predetermined value, say, 2<sup>12</sup>. Then, each user would be allowed to contribute up to 16 times to the histogram. Note that you have to reduce each contribution by the <em>worst case</em> number of contributions per user. Otherwise, users contributing too much will have reports dropped.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Partition choice</h4><a id="user-content-partition-choice" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Partition choice" href="#partition-choice"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A narrow partition (e.g. giving each top-level <em>URL</em> a separate budget) may not sufficiently protect privacy. Unfortunately, very broad partitions (e.g. a single budget for the browser) may allow malicious (or simply greedy) actors to exhaust the budget, denying service to all others.</p> <p dir="auto">The ergonomics of the partition should also be considered. Some choices might require coordination between different entities (e.g. different third parties on one site) or complex delegation mechanism. Other choices would require complex accounting; for example, requiring <a href="https://github.com/pythagoraskitty/shared-storage">Shared storage</a> to record the source of each piece of data that could have contributed (even indirectly) to a report.</p> <p dir="auto">Note also that it is important to include a time component to the partition, e.g. resetting limits periodically. This does risk long-term information leakage from dedicated adversaries, but is essential for utility. Other options for recovering from an exhausted budget may be possible but need further exploration, e.g. allowing a site to clear its data to reset its budget.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Implementation plan</h4><a id="user-content-implementation-plan" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Implementation plan" href="#implementation-plan"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">We plan to enforce a per-<a href="https://web.dev/same-site-same-origin/#site" rel="nofollow">site</a> budget that resets every 10 minutes; that is, we will bound the contributions that any site can make to a histogram over any 10 minute rolling window. We plan to use an L<sub>1</sub> bound of 2<sup>16</sup> = 65 536 for this bound; this aligns with the <a href="https://github.com/WICG/conversion-measurement-api/blob/main/AGGREGATE.md#privacy-budgeting">Attribution Reporting API with Aggregatable Reports explainer</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">As a backstop to limit worst-case leakage, we plan a separate, looser per-site bound that is enforced on a 24 hour rolling window, limiting the daily L<sub>1</sub> norm to 2<sup>20</sup> = 1 048 576.</p> <p dir="auto">This site will match the site of the execution environment, i.e. the site of the reporting origin, no matter which top-level sites are involved. For the earlier <a href="#examples">example</a>, this would correspond to the <code>runAdAuction()</code> caller within <code>reportResult()</code> and the interest group owner within <code>reportWin()</code>/<code>reportLoss()</code>.</p> <p dir="auto">We initially plan to have two separate budgets: one for calls within Shared Storage worklets and one for Protected Audience worklets. However, see <a href="#shared-contribution-budget">shared contribution budget</a> below.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Enrollment and attestation</h3><a id="user-content-enrollment-and-attestation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Enrollment and attestation" href="#enrollment-and-attestation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Use of this API requires <a href="https://github.com/privacysandbox/attestation/blob/main/how-to-enroll.md">enrollment</a> and <a href="https://github.com/privacysandbox/attestation/blob/main/README.md#core-privacy-attestations">attestation</a> via the <a href="https://github.com/privacysandbox/attestation/blob/main/README.md">Privacy Sandbox enrollment attestation model</a>.</p> <p dir="auto">When an aggregatable report is triggered, a check will be performed to determine whether the calling <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/browsers.html#site" rel="nofollow">site</a> is enrolled and attested. If this check fails, the report will be dropped (i.e. not sent).</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Future Iterations</h2><a id="user-content-future-iterations" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Future Iterations" href="#future-iterations"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Supporting different aggregation modes</h3><a id="user-content-supporting-different-aggregation-modes" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Supporting different aggregation modes" href="#supporting-different-aggregation-modes"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This API will support an optional parameter <code>alternativeAggregationMode</code> that accepts a string value. This parameter will allow developers to choose among different options for aggregation infrastructure supported by the user agent. This will allow experimentation with new technologies, and allows us to test new approaches without removing core functionality provided by the default option. The <code>"experimental-poplar"</code> option will implement a protocol similar to <a href="https://github.com/cjpatton/vdaf/blob/main/draft-patton-cfrg-vdaf.md#poplar1-poplar1">poplar</a> VDAF in the <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-gpew-priv-ppm/" rel="nofollow">PPM Framework</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Shared contribution budget</h3><a id="user-content-shared-contribution-budget" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Shared contribution budget" href="#shared-contribution-budget"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Separating contribution budgets for Shared Storage worklets and Protected Audience worklets provides additional flexibility; for example, some partition choices may not be compatible (e.g. a per-interest group budget). However, we could consider merging the two budgets in the future.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Authentication and data integrity</h3><a id="user-content-authentication-and-data-integrity" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Authentication and data integrity" href="#authentication-and-data-integrity"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">To ensure the integrity of the aggregated data, it may be desirable to support a mechanism for authentication. This would help limit the impact of reports sent from malicious or misbehaving clients on the results of each query.</p> <p dir="auto">To ensure privacy, the reporting endpoint should be able to determine whether a report came from a trusted client without determining <em>which</em> client sent it. We may be able to use <a href="https://github.com/WICG/trust-token-api">trust tokens</a> for this, but further design work is required.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Aggregate error reporting</h3><a id="user-content-aggregate-error-reporting" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Aggregate error reporting" href="#aggregate-error-reporting"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Unfortunately, errors that occur within isolated execution contexts cannot be easily reported (e.g. to a non-isolated document or over the network). If allowed, such errors could be used as an information channel. While these errors could still appear in the console, it would also aid developers if we add a mechanism for aggregate error reporting. This reporting could be automatic or could be required to be configured according to the developers' preferences.</p> <hr> <p dir="auto"><strong>This document is an individual draft proposal. 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