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Cat. 3]]<br/>Toxic ('''T''')<br/>Harmful ('''Xn''')<br/>Irritant ('''Xi''')<br/>Dangerous for the environment ('''N''') | RPhrases = {{R2}}, {{R21/22}}, {{R36/38}}, {{R40}}, {{R43}}, {{R48/22}}, {{R50}} | SPhrases = {{S2}}, {{S36/37}}, {{S61}} | NFPA-H = 3 | NFPA-F = 1 | NFPA-R = 2 }} | Section8 = {{Chembox Related | OtherAnions = [[Hydroxylammonium nitrate]]<br/>[[Hydroxylammonium chloride]] | OtherCations = [[Ammonium sulfate]]<br/>[[Hydrazinium sulfate]] | OtherCpds = [[Hydroxylamine]] }} }} '''Hydroxylammonium sulfate''', (NH<sub>3</sub>OH)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, is the [[sulfuric acid]] [[Salt (chemistry)|salt]] of [[hydroxylamine]]. It is primarily used as an easily-handled form of hydroxylamine, which is explosive when pure. ==Synthesis== Hydroxylammonium sulfate can be obtained by the [[acid-base reaction]] of hydroxylamine with sulfuric acid: :2NH<sub>2</sub>OH(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>(aq) → (NH<sub>3</sub>OH)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>(aq) ==Applications== {{main|Hydroxylamine#Reactions}} Hydroxylammonium sulfate is used in [[organic synthesis]] to convert [[aldehyde]]s and [[ketone]]s to [[oxime]]s, [[carboxylic acid]]s and their derivatives (e.g. [[ester]]s) to [[hydroxamic acid]]s, [[isocyanate]]s to N-hydroxyureas and [[nitrile]]s to [[amidoxime]]s. Hydroxylammonium sulfate is also used to generate [[hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid]] from [[oleum]] or [[chlorosulfuric acid]]. Hydroxylammonium sulfate is used in the production of anti-skinning agents, pharmaceuticals, rubber, textiles, plastics and detergents. It is a [[Scavenger (chemistry)|radical scavenger]] that terminates [[radical polymerization]] reactions and serves as an [[antioxidant]] in natural rubber. (NH<sub>3</sub>OH)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> is a starting material for some insecticides, herbicides and growth regulators. It is used in photography as a stabiliser for [[Photographic developer|colour developers]] and as an additive in [[photographic emulsion]]s in [[Color photography#Modern color film|colour film]]. ==Decomposition== At 120 °C, hydroxylammonium sulfate begins to decompose to [[sulfur trioxide]], [[nitrous oxide]], [[Water (molecule)|water]], and [[ammonia]]: :2(NH<sub>3</sub>OH)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> → 2SO<sub>3</sub> + N<sub>2</sub>O + 2NH<sub>3</sub> + 5H<sub>2</sub>O The reaction is [[exothermic reaction|exothermic]] above 138 °C, and is most exothermic at 177 °C.<ref name="BASF">[http://www.inorganics.basf.com/p02/CAPortal/en_GB/portal/Hydroxylamin_freie_Base/content/Produktgruppen/Hydroxylaminverbindungen/Hydroxylammoniumsulfat/Hydroxylammoniumsulfat BASF hydroxylammonium sulfate product page]</ref> Metals (especially copper, its alloys and its salts) catalyse the decomposition of hydroxylammonium sulfate. ==References== <references/> ==External links== *[http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0898.htm International Chemical Safety Card 0898] {{DEFAULTSORT:Hydroxylammonium Sulfate}} [[Category:Hydroxylammonium compounds]] [[Category:Sulfates]] [[Category:Photographic chemicals]] [[de:Bis(hydroxylammonium)sulfat]] [[it:Solfato di idrossilammina]] [[nl:Hydroxylammoniumsulfaat]] [[pl:Siarczan(VI) hydroksyloaminy]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Abbr" title="Template:Abbr">Template:Abbr</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Abbr&action=edit" title="Template:Abbr">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Button" title="Template:Button">Template:Button</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Button&action=edit" 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