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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Member_of_CPI(M)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_of_CPI(M)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Member of CPI(M)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Member_of_CPI(M)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leader_of_CPI(M)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leader_of_CPI(M)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Leader of CPI(M)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leader_of_CPI(M)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lok_Sabha_Election_Results_during_tenure_of_Karat_as_general_secretary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lok_Sabha_Election_Results_during_tenure_of_Karat_as_general_secretary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Lok Sabha Election Results during tenure of Karat as general secretary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lok_Sabha_Election_Results_during_tenure_of_Karat_as_general_secretary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_and_political_writings" class="vector-toc-list-item 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Prakash Karat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B4_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="براكاش كارات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="براكاش كارات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="প্রকাশ কারাত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রকাশ কারাত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakash_Karat" title="Prakash Karat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Prakash Karat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="प्रकाश करात – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रकाश करात" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="പ്രകാശ് കാരാട്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രകാശ് കാരാട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="प्रकाश कारत – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्रकाश कारत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B4_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="براكاش كارات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="براكاش كارات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4" title="ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ ਕਰਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ ਕਰਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="پرکاش کرات – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پرکاش کرات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakash_Karat" title="Prakash Karat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prakash Karat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakash_Karat" title="Prakash Karat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Prakash Karat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakash_Karat" title="Prakash Karat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Prakash Karat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakash_Karat" title="Prakash Karat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Prakash Karat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="பிரகாஷ் காரத் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரகாஷ் காரத்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D" title="ప్రకాశ్ కారత్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్రకాశ్ కారత్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B4_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="پرکاش کارات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پرکاش کارات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q278075#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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searchaux" style="display:none">Indian politician (born 1948)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Prakash Karat</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PrakashKarat_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/PrakashKarat_cropped.jpg/220px-PrakashKarat_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/PrakashKarat_cropped.jpg/330px-PrakashKarat_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/PrakashKarat_cropped.jpg/440px-PrakashKarat_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="1759" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Prakash Karat</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Polit_Bureau_of_the_Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Polit Bureau of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Polit Bureau of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />10 January 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="General Secretary">General Secretary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 April 2005<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2005-04-11</span>)</span> – 19 April 2015<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">2015-04-19</span>)</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harkishan_Singh_Surjeet" title="Harkishan Singh Surjeet">Harkishan Singh Surjeet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sitaram_Yechury" title="Sitaram Yechury">Sitaram Yechury</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Interim Coordinator, <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />25 September 2024</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1948-02-07</span>) </span>7 February 1948<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 76)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Letpandan" title="Letpandan">Letpandan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kachin_State" title="Kachin State">Kachin State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post-independence_Burma_(1948%E2%80%931962)" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-independence Burma (1948–1962)">Burma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Brinda_Karat" title="Brinda Karat">Brinda Karat</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1975)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Radhika_Roy" title="Radhika Roy">Radhika Roy</a> (sister-in-law)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence(s)</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Madras" title="University of Madras">University of Madras</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_University" title="Jawaharlal Nehru University">Jawaharlal Nehru University</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Prakash Karat</b> (born 7 February 1948) is an Indian <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> politician. He is serving as interim co-ordinator of CPM. He was the general secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a> from 2005 to 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prakash_Karat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prakash Karat was born in Letpadan, <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>, on 7 February 1948, to a <a href="/wiki/Nair" title="Nair">Nair</a> family.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father worked as a clerk in the Burma Railways, where he had sought employment during the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prakash Karat's family hailed from Elappully, <a href="/wiki/Palakkad" title="Palakkad">Palakkad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. Prakash Karat lived in Palakkad till the age of five before returning to <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> where he lived with his family till the age of nine, when his family left Burma and returned to India in 1957. </p><p>Karat studied at the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Christian_College_Higher_Secondary_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras Christian College Higher Secondary School">Madras Christian College Higher Secondary School</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Chennai. On finishing school, he won the first prize in an all-India essay competition on the Tokyo Olympics. He was sent on a ten-day visit to the <a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">Tokyo Olympics in 1964</a> as a result. He went to the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Christian_College" title="Madras Christian College">Madras Christian College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a> as an undergraduate student in economics, winning the prize for best all-round student on graduation.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Encouraged by the Scottish theologian <a href="/wiki/Duncan_B._Forrester" title="Duncan B. Forrester">Duncan B. Forrester</a>, one of his college professors, he got a scholarship to Britain's University of Edinburgh, for a master's degree in politics. In 1970 he received an MSc degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> for the thesis "Language and politics in modern India". At Edinburgh he became active in student politics and met Professor <a href="/wiki/Victor_Kiernan" title="Victor Kiernan">Victor Kiernan</a>, the well-known Marxist historian. His political activism began with anti-apartheid protests at the university, for which he was rusticated. The <a href="/wiki/Rustication_(academia)" title="Rustication (academia)">rustication</a> was later suspended on good behaviour. </p><p>Karat returned to India in 1970 and joined <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_University,_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi">Jawaharlal Nehru University</a>, New Delhi. He worked as an aide to <a href="/wiki/A.K._Gopalan" class="mw-redirect" title="A.K. Gopalan">A.K. Gopalan</a>, the legendary communist leader from Kerala and leader of the CPI(M) group in Parliament from 1971 to 1973, while doing his Ph.D. in JNU. Karat was one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Students_Federation_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Students Federation of India">Students Federation of India</a> (SFI), in Jawaharlal Nehru University. He was involved with student politics and was elected the third president of the Jawaharlal Nehru University Students' Union. He also became the second president of the Students Federation of India between 1974 and 1979. During this period his associates included <a href="/wiki/N._Ram" title="N. Ram">N. Ram</a>, later editor of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i> daily, the radical women's activist <a href="/wiki/Mythili_Sivaraman" title="Mythili Sivaraman">Mythili Sivaraman</a> and, less closely, <a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a>, who later became India's finance minister. He worked underground for one and a half years during the <a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">Emergency in India</a> in 1975–76. He was arrested twice and spent eight days in prison. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prakash_Karat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_CPI(M)"><span id="Member_of_CPI.28M.29"></span>Member of CPI(M)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prakash_Karat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Member of CPI(M)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After returning to India in 1970, Karat joined the Jawaharlal Nehru University and thereafter Communist Party of India (Marxist). He began working as an aide to the party leader <a href="/wiki/A._K._Gopalan" title="A. K. Gopalan">A. K. Gopalan</a>. He was the secretary of the Delhi State Committee of the CPI(M) from 1982 to 1985. Prakash Karat was elected to the Central Committee of the CPI (M) in 1985 and became a member of the 'Politburo' in 1992. He took over as the general secretary of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in 2005 at the 18th Congress of the Party held in Delhi. During his era the Communist Part of India (Marxist) saw a sharp downfall due to his rigid behaviour on party line. He was succeeded by Sitaram Yechury in 2015 at the 21st Party Congress held in Visakhapatnam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leader_of_CPI(M)"><span id="Leader_of_CPI.28M.29"></span>Leader of CPI(M)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prakash_Karat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Leader of CPI(M)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karat was elected to the Central Committee of the CPI (M) in 1985 and became a member of the PolitBureau in 1992. The Politburo is the key decision making wing of the party. In 2005, he was elected general secretary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lok_Sabha_Election_Results_during_tenure_of_Karat_as_general_secretary">Lok Sabha Election Results during tenure of Karat as general secretary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prakash_Karat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lok Sabha Election Results during tenure of Karat as general secretary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;border:1px solid black;background-color:#F4F9FF"> <caption>Performance of Communist Party of India (Marxist) in Lok Sabha elections </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#99CCFF"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> </th> <th style="background-color:#99CCFF">Year </th> <th style="background-color:#99CCFF">Lok Sabha <br /> constituencies </th> <th style="background-color:#99CCFF">Seats <br /> contested </th> <th style="background-color:#99CCFF">Won </th> <th style="background-color:#99CCFF">Net change <br /> in seats </th> <th style="background-color:#99CCFF">Votes </th> <th style="background-color:#99CCFF">Votes % </th> <th style="background-color:#99CCFF">Change in <br /> vote % </th> <th style="background-color:#99CCFF">Reference </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/15th_Lok_Sabha" title="15th Lok Sabha">Fifteenth</a> </td> <td>2009</td> <td>543</td> <td>82</td> <td>16</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 27</td> <td>22,219,111</td> <td>5.33%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.33% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-ECI2009_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECI2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/16th_Lok_Sabha" title="16th Lok Sabha">Sixteenth</a> </td> <td>2014</td> <td>543</td> <td>97</td> <td>09</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 07</td> <td>17,986,773</td> <td>3.24%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.09% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-ECI2014_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECI2014-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prakash_Karat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He is married to activist-politician <a href="/wiki/Brinda_Karat" title="Brinda Karat">Brinda Karat</a>. They got married on 7 November 1975. The couple has no children, according to their own wish. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_and_political_writings">Academic and political writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prakash_Karat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Academic and political writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1992, Karat has been on the editorial board of CPI(M)'s academic journal, <i>The Marxist</i>. He is also the managing director of <i>Naya Rasta Publishers</i>, the parent company of <a href="/wiki/Leftword_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Leftword Books">Leftword Books</a>. He is the author of five books. </p> <ul><li><i>Language, Nationality and Politics in India</i> (1972)</li> <li><i>A World to Win</i>—Essays on the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Manifesto">Communist Manifesto</a> (1999), edited</li> <li><i>Across Time and Continents: A tribute to Victor Kiernan</i> (2003), edited</li> <li><i>Subordinate Ally: The nuclear deal and India-US strategic relations </i>(2008)</li> <li><i>Politics and policies</i>(2008</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prakash_Karat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/holnus/000200804031422.htm">"Prakash Karat re-elected as CPI(M) general secretary"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. Chennai, India. 3 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Prakash+Karat+re-elected+as+CPI%28M%29+general+secretary&rft.date=2008-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2Fholnus%2F000200804031422.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrakash+Karat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.indiainfo.com/2008/04/03/0804031704_karat_re-elected_cpi-m_general_secretary.html">Karat re-elected CPI-M general secretary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219125122/http://news.indiainfo.com/2008/04/03/0804031704_karat_re-elected_cpi-m_general_secretary.html">Archived</a> 19 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rediff.com/news/2005/apr/11cpm.htm">"Prakash Karat in CPI-M general secretary"</a>. <i>Rediff</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rediff&rft.atitle=Prakash+Karat+in+CPI-M+general+secretary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F2005%2Fapr%2F11cpm.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrakash+Karat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukul2015" class="citation news cs1">Mukul, Akshaya (20 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/1969-telangana-agitation-brought-sitaram-yechury-to-delhi/articleshow/46984164.cms">"1969 Telangana agitation brought Sitaram Yechury to Delhi"</a>. <i>The Economic Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=1969+Telangana+agitation+brought+Sitaram+Yechury+to+Delhi&rft.date=2015-04-20&rft.aulast=Mukul&rft.aufirst=Akshaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2F1969-telangana-agitation-brought-sitaram-yechury-to-delhi%2Farticleshow%2F46984164.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrakash+Karat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20071224-the-legend-of-karat-734782-2007-12-14">"The legend of Karat"</a>. 14 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+legend+of+Karat&rft.date=2007-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fmagazine%2Fcover-story%2Fstory%2F20071224-the-legend-of-karat-734782-2007-12-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrakash+Karat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Comrade Prakash Karat breaks his silence on Prakash Karat", <i>The Indian Express</i>, 8 Feb. 2008, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/comrade-prakash-karat-breaks-his-silence-on-prakash-karat/270539/1">http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/comrade-prakash-karat-breaks-his-silence-on-prakash-karat/270539/1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/6709112.cms">"Star-studded 175th b'day for MCC school"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 7 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Star-studded+175th+b%27day+for+MCC+school&rft.date=2010-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Farticleshow%2F6709112.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrakash+Karat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/subscription/?utm_source=admitad&utm_medium=affiliate_2089032_&tagtag_uid=dd97efd14e707ac9e361fe40d3abe14f&tpcc=admit_ad">"Subscribe to The Hindu Digital: Renewals / New Subscriptions for Unlimited Access"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Subscribe+to+The+Hindu+Digital%3A+Renewals+%2F+New+Subscriptions+for+Unlimited+Access&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fsubscription%2F%3Futm_source%3Dadmitad%26utm_medium%3Daffiliate_2089032_%26tagtag_uid%3Ddd97efd14e707ac9e361fe40d3abe14f%26tpcc%3Dadmit_ad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrakash+Karat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ECI2009-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ECI2009_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/12_PerformanceOfNationalParties.pdf">"LS 2009 : Performance of National Parties"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission of India</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Election+Commission+of+India&rft.atitle=LS+2009+%3A+Performance+of+National+Parties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feci.nic.in%2Feci_main%2Farchiveofge2009%2FStats%2FVOLI%2F12_PerformanceOfNationalParties.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrakash+Karat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ECI2014-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ECI2014_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/4%20-%20List%20of%20Successful%20Candidates.pdf">"LS 2014 : List of successful candidates"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission of India</a></i>. p. 93<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Election+Commission+of+India&rft.atitle=LS+2014+%3A+List+of+successful+candidates&rft.pages=93&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feci.nic.in%2Feci_main%2Farchiveofge2014%2F4%2520-%2520List%2520of%2520Successful%2520Candidates.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrakash+Karat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prakash_Karat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#CC0000; color:#ffffff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Template:Communist Party of India (Marxist)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#ffffff">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Template talk:Communist Party of India (Marxist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#ffffff">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Communist Party of India (Marxist)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#ffffff">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)"><span style="color:#ffffff;">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CC0000; color:#ffffff;;width:1%">General secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puchalapalli_Sundarayya" title="Puchalapalli Sundarayya">P. Sundarayya</a> (1964–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._M._S._Namboodiripad" title="E. M. S. Namboodiripad">E. M. S. Namboodiripad</a> (1978–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harkishan_Singh_Surjeet" title="Harkishan Singh Surjeet">Harkishan Singh Surjeet</a> (1992–2005)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prakash Karat</a> (2005–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitaram_Yechury" title="Sitaram Yechury">Sitaram Yechury</a> (2015–24)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CC0000; color:#ffffff;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)"><span style="color:#ffffff;">Current Politburo</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitaram_Yechury" title="Sitaram Yechury">Sitaram Yechury</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prakash Karat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Ramachandran_Pillai" title="S. Ramachandran Pillai">S. Ramachandran Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biman_Bose" title="Biman Bose">Biman Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manik_Sarkar" title="Manik Sarkar">Manik Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brinda_Karat" title="Brinda Karat">Brinda Karat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinarayi_Vijayan" title="Pinarayi Vijayan">Pinarayi Vijayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannan_Mollah" title="Hannan Mollah">Hannan Mollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodiyeri_Balakrishnan" title="Kodiyeri Balakrishnan">Kodiyeri Balakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._A._Baby" title="M. A. Baby">M. A. Baby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surja_Kanta_Mishra" class="mw-redirect" title="Surja Kanta Mishra">Surja Kanta Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Salim_(politician)" title="Mohammed Salim (politician)">Mohammad Salim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhashini_Ali" title="Subhashini Ali">Subhashini Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._V._Raghavulu" title="B. V. Raghavulu">B. V. Raghavulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Ramakrishnan" title="G. Ramakrishnan">G. Ramakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapan_Kumar_Sen" title="Tapan Kumar Sen">Tapan Kumar Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilotpal_Basu" title="Nilotpal Basu">Nilotpal Basu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CC0000; color:#ffffff;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_from_the_Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="List of chief ministers from the Communist Party of India (Marxist)"><span style="color:#ffffff;">Chief Ministers</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E._M._S._Namboodiripad" title="E. M. S. Namboodiripad">E. M. S. Namboodiripad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyoti_Basu" title="Jyoti Basu">Jyoti Basu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nripen_Chakraborty" title="Nripen Chakraborty">Nripen Chakraborty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._K._Nayanar" title="E. K. Nayanar">E. K. Nayanar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasarath_Deb" title="Dasarath Deb">Dasarath Deb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manik_Sarkar" title="Manik Sarkar">Manik Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhadeb_Bhattacharjee" title="Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee">Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._S._Achuthanandan" title="V. S. Achuthanandan">V. S. Achuthanandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinarayi_Vijayan" title="Pinarayi Vijayan">Pinarayi Vijayan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CC0000; color:#ffffff;;width:1%">Related organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Democratic_Women%27s_Association" title="All India Democratic Women's Association">All India Democratic Women's Association</a> (<b>AIDWA</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Kisan_Sabha_(36_Canning_Lane)" title="All India Kisan Sabha (36 Canning Lane)">All India Kisan Sabha</a> (<b>AIKS</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_of_Indian_Trade_Unions" title="Centre of Indian Trade Unions">Centre of Indian Trade Unions</a> (<b>CITU</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Youth_Federation_of_India" title="Democratic Youth Federation of India">Democratic Youth Federation of India</a> (<b>DYFI</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students%27_Federation_of_India" title="Students' Federation of India">Students' Federation of India</a> (<b>SFI</b>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CC0000; color:#ffffff;;width:1%">State Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist),_Kerala" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala">CPI(M) Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist),_Tripura" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist), Tripura">CPI(M) Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist),_West_Bengal" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal">CPI(M) West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CC0000; color:#ffffff;;width:1%">Newspapers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democracy_(newspaper)" title="People's Democracy (newspaper)">People's Democracy</a></i></li> <li><i>The Marxist</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deshabhimani" title="Deshabhimani">Deshabhimani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Desher_Katha" title="Daily Desher Katha">Daily Desher Katha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganashakti" title="Ganashakti">Ganashakti</a></i></li> <li><i>Lok Lahar</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prajasakti" title="Prajasakti">Prajasakti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nava_Telangana" title="Nava Telangana">Nava Telangana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theekkathir" title="Theekkathir">Theekkathir</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Left_Democratic_Front" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#EE0000; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Left_Democratic_Front" title="Template:Left Democratic Front"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Left_Democratic_Front" title="Template talk:Left Democratic Front"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Left_Democratic_Front" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Left Democratic Front"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Left_Democratic_Front" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Left_Democratic_Front" title="Left Democratic Front"><span style="color:white;">Left Democratic Front</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EE0000; color:white;;width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EE0000 ; color:white;;width:1%">National Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EE0000 ; color:white;;width:1%">State Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">Communist Party of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">Nationalist Congress Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Congress_(M)" title="Kerala Congress (M)">Kerala Congress (M)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Secular)" title="Janata Dal (Secular)">Janata Dal (Secular)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EE0000 ; color:white;;width:1%">Registered <br />Unrecognised <br />Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Congress_(B)" title="Kerala Congress (B)">Kerala Congress (B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_(Secular)" title="Congress (Secular)">Congress (Secular)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_League" title="Indian National League">Indian National League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Socialist_Party_(Leninist)" title="Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist)">Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Secular_Conference" title="National Secular Conference">National Secular Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loktantrik_Janata_Dal" title="Loktantrik Janata Dal">Loktantrik Janata Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janathipathiya_Samrakshana_Samithy" title="Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy">Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Congress_(Skaria_Thomas)" title="Kerala Congress (Skaria Thomas)">Kerala Congress (Skaria Thomas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janadhipathya_Kerala_Congress" title="Janadhipathya Kerala Congress">Janadhipathya Kerala Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Left_Democratic_Front_(Kerala)_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Left_Democratic_Front_%28Kerala%29_Logo.svg/100px-Left_Democratic_Front_%28Kerala%29_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Left_Democratic_Front_%28Kerala%29_Logo.svg/150px-Left_Democratic_Front_%28Kerala%29_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Left_Democratic_Front_%28Kerala%29_Logo.svg/200px-Left_Democratic_Front_%28Kerala%29_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EE0000; color:white;;width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E._M._S._Namboodiripad" title="E. M. S. Namboodiripad">E. M. S. Namboodiripad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._K._Nayanar" title="E. K. Nayanar">E. K. Nayanar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._S._Achuthanandan" title="V. S. Achuthanandan">V. S. Achuthanandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinarayi_Vijayan" title="Pinarayi Vijayan">Pinarayi Vijayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodiyeri_Balakrishnan" title="Kodiyeri Balakrishnan">Kodiyeri Balakrishnan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prakash Karat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Ramachandran_Pillai" title="S. Ramachandran Pillai">S. Ramachandran Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._B._Rajesh" title="M. B. Rajesh">M. B. Rajesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Achutha_Menon" title="C. Achutha Menon">C. Achutha Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannyan_Raveendran" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannyan Raveendran">Pannyan Raveendran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanam_Rajendran" title="Kanam Rajendran">Kanam Rajendran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._E._Ismail" title="K. E. Ismail">K. E. Ismail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Saseendran" title="A. K. Saseendran">A. K. Saseendran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chandy" title="Thomas Chandy">Thomas Chandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Krishnankutty" title="K. Krishnankutty">K. Krishnankutty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathew_T._Thomas" title="Mathew T. Thomas">Mathew T. Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Balakrishna_Pillai" title="R. Balakrishna Pillai">R. Balakrishna Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadannappalli_Ramachandran" title="Kadannappalli Ramachandran">Kadannappalli Ramachandran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._T._A._Rahim" title="P. T. A. Rahim">P. T. A. Rahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._P._Veerendra_Kumar" title="M. P. Veerendra Kumar">M. P. Veerendra Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._R._Gowri_Amma" class="mw-redirect" title="K. R. Gowri Amma">K. R. Gowri Amma</a></li> <li>Skaria Thomas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_George_(politician)" title="Francis George (politician)">Francis George</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EE0000; color:white;;width:1%">Chief Ministers of Kerala</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E._K._Nayanar" title="E. K. Nayanar">E. K. Nayanar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._S._Achuthanandan" title="V. S. Achuthanandan">V. S. Achuthanandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinarayi_Vijayan" title="Pinarayi Vijayan">Pinarayi Vijayan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278075#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278075#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278075#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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