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height: 1.25em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="ಒಂದು ಮುಕ್ತ ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-kn.svg" width="121" height="15" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 0.9375em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಅನ್ನು ಹುಡುಕಿ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ಹುಡುಕು</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಅನ್ನು ಹುಡುಕಿ" aria-label="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಅನ್ನು ಹುಡುಕಿ" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಅನ್ನು ಹುಡುಕಿ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ವಿಶೇಷ:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ಹುಡುಕು</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ಉಪಕರಣಗಳು"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ಗೋಚರ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ಗೋಚರ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ಗೋಚರ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_kn.wikipedia.org&uselang=kn" class=""><span>ದೇಣಿಗೆ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:CreateAccount&returnto=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7%3ARecentChangesLinked%2F%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ನೀವು ಹೊಸ ಖಾತೆಯನ್ನು ತೆರೆದು ಲಾಗಿನ್ ಆಗುವುದನ್ನು ಹುರಿದುಂಬಿಸುತ್ತೇವೆ; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ಲಾಗ್ ಇನ್</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ಉಪಕರಣಗಳು" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ಉಪಕರಣಗಳು</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_kn.wikipedia.org&uselang=kn"><span>ದೇಣಿಗೆ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:CreateAccount&returnto=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7%3ARecentChangesLinked%2F%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ನೀವು ಹೊಸ ಖಾತೆಯನ್ನು ತೆರೆದು ಲಾಗಿನ್ ಆಗುವುದನ್ನು ಹುರಿದುಂಬಿಸುತ್ತೇವೆ; ಆದಾಗ್ಯೂ, ಇದು ಅವಶ್ಯವೇನಲ್ಲ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ಹೊಸ ಖಾತೆ ತೆರೆಯಿರಿ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7%3ARecentChangesLinked%2F%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ನೀವು ಲಾಗ್ ಇನ್ ಆಗಬೇಕೆಂದು ಕೋರುತ್ತೇವೆ, ಆದರೆ ಅದು ಖಡ್ಡಾಯ ಎನೂ ಅಲ್ಲ. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ಲಾಗ್ ಇನ್</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ಲಾಗ್ ಔಟ್ ಆದ ಸಂಪಾದಕರಿಗೆ ಪುಟಗಳು <a href="/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ಕಾಣಿಕೆಗಳು</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:MyTalk" title="ಈ ip ವಿಳಾಸದಿಂದ ಮಾಡಲಾದ ಸಂಪಾದನೆಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಚರ್ಚೆ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>IP ಚರ್ಚಾಪುಟ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eಮರೆಮಾಡಲು\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"kn\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Ctable style=\"background-color: #FFFFC2; color: #333; width: 100%; border: 2px solid #FFF; padding: 5px;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\"\u003Eಬರೆಯುವಾಗ ಕೀಲಿಮಣೆ ಐಕಾನ್ ಒತ್ತಿ ಕನ್ನಡ ಆಯ್ದುಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದರ ಅಥವಾ Ctrl+M ಒತ್ತುವುದರ ಮೂಲಕ ಈಗ ನೇರವಾಗಿ ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಬರೆಯಬಹುದು! ವಿವರಗಳಿಗೆ \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF:%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0\" title=\"ಸಹಾಯ:ಲಿಪ್ಯಂತರ\"\u003Eಈ ಪುಟ ನೋಡಿ.\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಗಳು</h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-mw-helplink" class="mw-indicator"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Related_changes" target="_blank" class="mw-helplink"><span class="mw-helplink-icon"></span>ಸಹಾಯ</a></div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ನಾಮವರ್ಗಗಳು"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಪುಟವನ್ನು ನೋಡಿ [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ಲೇಖನ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9F:%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಪುಟದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಚರ್ಚೆ (ಪುಟವು ಇನ್ನೂ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿತವಾಗಿಲ್ಲ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ಚರ್ಚೆ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ಭಾಷಾ ರೂಪಾಂತರವನ್ನು ಬದಲಾಯಿಸಿ" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ಕನ್ನಡ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ನೋಟಗಳು"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF"><span>ಓದು</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF&action=edit" title="ಈ ಪುಟದ ಸೋರ್ಸ್ ಕೋಡ್ ಸಂಪಾದಿಸಿ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ಸಂಪಾದಿಸಿ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF&action=history" title="ಈ ಪುಟದ ಹಳೆಯ ಆವೃತ್ತಿಗಳು. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ಇತಿಹಾಸವನ್ನು ನೋಡಿ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ಉಪಕರಣಗಳು" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ಉಪಕರಣಗಳು</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ಉಪಕರಣಗಳು</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ಮರೆ ಮಾಡಿ</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF"><span>ಓದು</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF&action=edit" title="ಈ ಪುಟದ ಸೋರ್ಸ್ ಕೋಡ್ ಸಂಪಾದಿಸಿ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ಸಂಪಾದಿಸಿ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF&action=history"><span>ಇತಿಹಾಸವನ್ನು ನೋಡಿ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="feedlinks" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/api.php?hidebots=1&hidecategorization=1&hideWikibase=1&urlversion=1&days=7&limit=50&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF&action=feedrecentchanges&feedformat=atom" id="feed-atom" rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" class="feedlink" title="ಈ ಪುಟಕ್ಕೆ Atom ಫೀಡು"><span>Atom</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:SpecialPages" title="ಎಲ್ಲಾ ವಿಶೇಷ ಪುಟಗಳ ಪಟ್ಟಿ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ವಿಶೇಷ ಪುಟಗಳು</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="ಈ ಪುಟದ ಮುದ್ರಣ ಮಾಡಬಹುದಾದಂತ ಆವೃತ್ತಿ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ಮುದ್ರಣ ಆವೃತ್ತಿ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B2%25B5%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25B6%25E0%25B3%2587%25E0%25B2%25B7%3ARecentChangesLinked%2F%25E0%25B2%259C%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AE%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B2%25BF"><span>ಪುಟ್ಟ ಕೊಂಡಿ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B2%25B5%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25B6%25E0%25B3%2587%25E0%25B2%25B7%3ARecentChangesLinked%2F%25E0%25B2%259C%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AE%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B2%25BF"><span>ಕ್ಯೂಆರ್ ಚಿತ್ರ ಇಳಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಿ.</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ಇತರೆ ಯೋಜನೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ಗೋಚರ"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ಗೋಚರ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ಮರೆ ಮಾಡಿ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">← <a href="/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ಜರ್ಮನಿ">ಜರ್ಮನಿ</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-specialpage-summary"> <p>ಆ ಪುಟಕ್ಕೆ ಅಥವಾ ಆ ಪುಟದಿಂದ ಲಿಂಕ್ ಮಾಡಲಾದ ಪುಟಗಳಲ್ಲಿನ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಗಳನ್ನು ನೋಡಲು ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರನ್ನು ನಮೂದಿಸಿ. (ವರ್ಗದ ಪುಟಗಳನ್ನು ನೋಡಲು, ವರ್ಗ:ವರ್ಗದ ಹೆಸರನ್ನು ನಮೂದಿಸಿ). <a href="/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:Watchlist" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:Watchlist">ನಿಮ್ಮ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಪಟ್ಟಿ</a> ಪುಟಗಳಿಗೆ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಗಳು <strong>ದಪ್ಪದಲ್ಲಿವೆ</strong> . </p> </div><div class="mw-rcfilters-head"><div class="mw-rcfilters-container"></div><fieldset class="rcoptions cloptions"> <legend>ಇತ್ತೀಚಿನ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಗಳ ಆಯ್ಕೆಗಳು</legend> <span class="rclinks">ಕೊನೆಯ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:RecentChangesLinked&days=1&from=&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" data-params="{"days":1,"from":""}" data-keys="days,from">೧</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:RecentChangesLinked&days=3&from=&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" data-params="{"days":3,"from":""}" data-keys="days,from">೩</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:RecentChangesLinked&days=7&from=&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" data-params="{"days":7,"from":""}" data-keys="days,from"><strong>೭</strong></a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:RecentChangesLinked&days=14&from=&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" data-params="{"days":14,"from":""}" data-keys="days,from">೧೪</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:RecentChangesLinked&days=30&from=&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" data-params="{"days":30,"from":""}" data-keys="days,from">೩೦</a> ದಿನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾಡಿದ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:RecentChangesLinked&limit=50&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" data-params="{"limit":50}" data-keys="limit"><strong>೫೦</strong></a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:RecentChangesLinked&limit=100&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" data-params="{"limit":100}" data-keys="limit">೧೦೦</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:RecentChangesLinked&limit=250&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" data-params="{"limit":250}" data-keys="limit">೨೫೦</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:RecentChangesLinked&limit=500&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" data-params="{"limit":500}" data-keys="limit">೫೦೦</a> ಬದಲಾವಣೆಗಳನ್ನು ನೋಡಿ</span><br /><span class="rcshowhide"><span class="rcshowhideliu rcshowhideoption clshowhideoption" data-filter-name="hideliu" data-feature-in-structured-ui="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:RecentChangesLinked&hideliu=1&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" data-params="{"hideliu":1}" data-keys="hideliu">ಮರೆ ಮಾಡಿ</a> ನೊಂದಾಯಿತ ಬಳಕೆದಾರರು</span> | <span class="rcshowhideanons rcshowhideoption clshowhideoption" data-filter-name="hideanons" data-feature-in-structured-ui="1">ಅನಾಮಧೇಯ ಸದಸ್ಯರು <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:RecentChangesLinked&hideanons=1&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" data-params="{"hideanons":1}" data-keys="hideanons">ಮರೆ ಮಾಡಿ</a></span> | <span class="rcshowhidemine rcshowhideoption clshowhideoption" data-filter-name="hidemyself" data-feature-in-structured-ui="1">ನನ್ನ ಸಂಪಾದನೆಗಳನ್ನು <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:RecentChangesLinked&hidemyself=1&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" data-params="{"hidemyself":1}" data-keys="hidemyself">ಮರೆ ಮಾಡಿ</a></span> | <span class="rcshowhidebots rcshowhideoption clshowhideoption" data-filter-name="hidebots" data-feature-in-structured-ui="1">ಬಾಟ್‍ಗಳನ್ನು <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:RecentChangesLinked&hidebots=0&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" data-params="{"hidebots":0}" data-keys="hidebots">ತೋರಿಸು</a></span> | <span class="rcshowhideminor rcshowhideoption clshowhideoption" data-filter-name="hideminor" data-feature-in-structured-ui="1">ಚುಟುಕಾದ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಗಳನ್ನು <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:RecentChangesLinked&hideminor=1&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" data-params="{"hideminor":1}" data-keys="hideminor">ಮರೆ ಮಾಡಿ</a></span> | <span class="rcshowhidecategorization rcshowhideoption clshowhideoption" data-filter-name="hidecategorization" data-feature-in-structured-ui="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:RecentChangesLinked&hidecategorization=0&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" data-params="{"hidecategorization":0}" data-keys="hidecategorization">Show</a> page categorization</span> | <span class="wikibase-rc-hide-wikidata rcshowhideoption clshowhideoption" data-filter-name="hideWikibase" data-feature-in-structured-ui="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:RecentChangesLinked&hideWikibase=0&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" data-params="{"hideWikibase":0}" data-keys="hideWikibase">ತೋರಿಸು</a> Wikidata</span></span><br /><span class="rclistfrom"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:RecentChangesLinked&from=20241127173119&fromFormatted=%E0%B3%A8%E0%B3%A9%3A%E0%B3%A6%E0%B3%A7%2C+%E0%B3%A8%E0%B3%AD+%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D+%E0%B3%A8%E0%B3%A6%E0%B3%A8%E0%B3%AA&target=%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" data-params="{"from":"20241127173119","fromFormatted":"\u0ce8\u0ce9:\u0ce6\u0ce7, \u0ce8\u0ced \u0ca8\u0cb5\u0cc6\u0c82\u0cac\u0cb0\u0ccd \u0ce8\u0ce6\u0ce8\u0cea"}" data-keys="from,fromFormatted">೨೩:೦೧, ೨೭ ನವೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೨೪ ಇಂದ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಸಿ ಮಾಡಲಾದ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಗಳನ್ನು ನೋಡಿ</a></span> <hr /> <form action="/w/index.php"><table class="mw-recentchanges-table"><tr class="namespaceForm"><td class="mw-label mw-namespace-label"><label for="namespace">ನಾಮವರ್ಗ:</label></td><td class="mw-input"><select id="namespace" name="namespace"> <option value="" selected="">ಎಲ್ಲಾ</option> <option value="0">(ಮುಖ್ಯ)</option> <option value="1">ಚರ್ಚೆಪುಟ</option> <option value="2">ಸದಸ್ಯ</option> <option value="3">ಸದಸ್ಯರ ಚರ್ಚೆಪುಟ</option> <option value="4">ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ</option> <option value="5">ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಚರ್ಚೆಪುಟ</option> <option value="6">ಚಿತ್ರ</option> <option value="7">ಚಿತ್ರ ಚರ್ಚೆಪುಟ</option> <option value="8">ಮೀಡಿಯವಿಕಿ</option> <option value="9">ಮೀಡಿಯವಿಕಿ ಚರ್ಚೆಪುಟ</option> <option value="10">ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು</option> <option value="11">ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು ಚರ್ಚೆಪುಟ</option> <option value="12">ಸಹಾಯ</option> <option value="13">ಸಹಾಯ ಚರ್ಚೆಪುಟ</option> <option value="14">ವರ್ಗ</option> <option value="15">ವರ್ಗ ಚರ್ಚೆಪುಟ</option> <option value="100">ಸಂಪುಟ</option> <option value="101">ಸಂಪುಟ ಚರ್ಚೆಪುಟ</option> <option value="118">ಕರಡು</option> <option value="119">ಕರಡು ಚರ್ಚೆಪುಟ</option> <option value="710">TimedText</option> <option value="711">TimedText talk</option> <option value="828">ಮಾಡ್ಯೂಲ್</option> <option value="829">ಮಾಡ್ಯೂಲ್ ಚರ್ಚೆಪುಟ</option> </select> <label class="mw-input-with-label" title="ಆಯ್ದ ಹೆಸರಿನ ಜಾಗದಲ್ಲಿ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಗಳನ್ನು ಮರೆಮಾಡಲು ಈ ಪೆಟ್ಟಿಗೆಯನ್ನು ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿ (ಮತ್ತು ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿದ ವೇಳೆ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ನೇಮ್ಸ್ಪೇಸ್)"><input type="checkbox" name="invert" value="1"> ಆಯ್ಕೆಯನ್ನು ತಿರುಗಿಸು</label> <label class="mw-input-with-label" title="ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಾಡಲಾದ ಹೆಸರಿನೊಂದಿಗೆ ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಿದ ಚರ್ಚೆ ಅಥವಾ ವಿಷಯ ನಾಮಪದವನ್ನು ಸೇರಿಸಲು ಈ ಪೆಟ್ಟಿಗೆಯನ್ನು ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿ"><input type="checkbox" name="associated" value="1"> ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ನಾಮವರ್ಗ</label></td></tr><tr class="tagfilterForm"><td class="mw-label mw-tagfilter-label"><label for="tagfilter"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B7:Tags" title="ವಿಶೇಷ:Tags">ಟ್ಯಾಗ್</a> ಶೋಧಕ:</label></td><td class="mw-input"><input class="mw-tagfilter-input mw-ui-input mw-ui-input-inline" size="20" id="tagfilter" list="tagfilter-datalist" name="tagfilter"><datalist id="tagfilter-datalist"><option value="visualeditor-wikitext">2017 source edit</option> <option value="android app edit">Android app edit</option> <option value="app-full-source">App full source</option> <option value="app-section-source">App section source</option> <option value="app-select-source">App select source</option> <option value="app-talk-topic">App talk topic</option> <option value="mw-blank">Blanking</option> <option value="campaign-external-machine-translation">campaign-external-machine-translation</option> <option value="community configuration">Community Configuration</option> <option value="mw-contentmodelchange">content model change</option> <option value="contenttranslation-v2">ContentTranslation2</option> <option value="contenttranslation-high-unmodified-mt-text">ContentTranslation: High unmodified machine translation usage</option> <option value="disambiguator-link-added">Disambiguation links</option> <option value="discussiontools">discussiontools (hidden tag)</option> <option value="discussiontools-added-comment">discussiontools-added-comment (hidden tag)</option> <option value="discussiontools-source">discussiontools-source (hidden tag)</option> <option value="discussiontools-source-enhanced">discussiontools-source-enhanced (hidden tag)</option> <option value="discussiontools-visual">discussiontools-visual (hidden tag)</option> <option value="editcheck-references-activated">Edit Check (references) activated</option> <option value="editcheck-reference-decline-common-knowledge">Edit Check (references) declined (common knowledge)</option> <option value="editcheck-reference-decline-irrelevant">Edit Check (references) declined (irrelevant)</option> <option value="editcheck-reference-decline-other">Edit Check (references) declined (other)</option> <option value="editcheck-reference-decline-uncertain">Edit Check (references) declined (uncertain)</option> <option value="editcheck-newcontent">editcheck-newcontent (hidden tag)</option> <option value="editcheck-newreference">editcheck-newreference (hidden tag)</option> <option value="editcheck-references">editcheck-references (hidden tag)</option> <option value="emoji">Emoji</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 651">Fountain [0.1.3]</option> <option value="help panel question">Help panel question</option> <option value="ios app edit">iOS app edit</option> <option value="mw-manual-revert">Manual revert</option> <option value="massmessage-delivery">MassMessage delivery</option> <option value="mentor list change">mentor list change</option> <option value="mentorship module question">Mentorship module question</option> <option value="mentorship panel question">Mentorship panel question</option> <option value="discussiontools-newtopic">New topic</option> <option value="newcomer task">Newcomer task</option> <option value="newcomer task copyedit">Newcomer task: copyedit</option> <option value="newcomer task expand">Newcomer task: expand</option> <option value="newcomer task links">Newcomer task: links</option> <option value="newcomer task references">Newcomer task: references</option> <option value="newcomer task update">Newcomer task: update</option> <option value="OTRS permission added by non-OTRS member">OTRS permission added by non-OTRS member</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 429">PAWS [1.2]</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 1841">PAWS [2.1]</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 4664">paws [2.2]</option> <option value="mw-changed-redirect-target">Redirect target changed</option> <option value="mw-removed-redirect">Removed redirect</option> <option value="repeated xwiki CoI abuse">repeated xwiki CoI abuse</option> <option value="mw-replace">Replaced</option> <option value="discussiontools-reply">Reply</option> <option value="mw-reverted">Reverted</option> <option value="mw-rollback">Rollback</option> <option value="sectiontranslation">SectionTranslation</option> <option value="newcomer task add link">Suggested: add links</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 1188">SWViewer [1.0]</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 1261">SWViewer [1.2]</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 1352">SWViewer [1.3]</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 1805">SWViewer [1.4]</option> <option value="OAuth CID: 6365">SWViewer [1.6]</option> <option value="T144167">T144167</option> <option value="twinkle">twinkle</option> <option value="wikieditor">wikieditor (hidden tag)</option> <option value="WPCleaner">WPCleaner</option> <option value="fileimporter-remote">ಕಡತದ ಆಮದುದಾರರಿಂದ ಮಾರ್ಪಡಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ</option> <option value="visualeditor-switched">ದೃಶ್ಯ ಸಂಪಾದಕ: ಬದಲಿಸಿದ್ದು</option> <option value="visualeditor">ದೃಶ್ಯ ಸಂಪಾದನೆ</option> <option value="advanced mobile edit">ಮುಂದುವರೆದ ಮೊಬೈಲ್ ಸಂಪಾದನೆ</option> <option value="mobile app edit">ಮೊಬೈಲ್ ಅನ್ವಯ ಸಂಪಾದನೆ</option> <option value="mobile web edit">ಮೊಬೈಲ್ ವೆಬ್ ಸಂಪಾದನೆ</option> <option value="mobile edit">ಮೊಬೈಲ್ ಸಂಪಾದನೆ</option> <option value="mw-undo">ರದ್ದುಗೊಳಿಸಿ</option> <option value="contenttranslation">ವಿಷಯ ಅನುವಾದ</option> <option value="mw-new-redirect">ಹೊಸ ಪುನರ್ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನ</option></datalist> <span class="mw-input-with-label"><input type="checkbox" name="inverttags" value="1" id="inverttags"> <label for="inverttags">ಆಯ್ಕೆಯನ್ನು ತಿರುಗಿಸು</label></span></td></tr><tr class="targetForm"><td class="mw-label mw-target-label">ಪುಟದ ಹೆಸರು:</td><td class="mw-input"><input name="target" size="40" value="ಜರ್ಮನಿ" /> <input name="showlinkedto" type="checkbox" value="1" id="showlinkedto" /> <label for="showlinkedto">ಇದರ ಬದಲಿಗೆ ನೇಮಿತ ಪುಟಕ್ಕೆ ಕೊಂಡಿಯನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರುವ ಪುಟಗಳಲ್ಲಿನ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಗಳನ್ನು ತೋರು</label> <input type="submit" value="ತೋರಿಸು"></td></tr></table><input type="hidden" value="ವಿಶೇಷ:RecentChangesLinked" name="title"></form> </fieldset> </div><div class="mw-rcfilters-spinner"><div class="mw-rcfilters-spinner-bounce"></div></div><div class="mw-changeslist-empty">ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ಅವಧಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಯಾವುದೇ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಗಳು ಈ ಮಾನದಂಡಗಳಿಗೆ 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