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<span>Early-stage funding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early-stage_funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government funding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other sources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other sources subsection</span> </button> <ul 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="تمويل أولي للشركات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تمويل أولي للشركات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_llavor" title="Capital llavor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Capital llavor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Startkapital" title="Startkapital – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Startkapital" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_semilla" title="Capital semilla – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Capital semilla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%87" title="سرمایه مرحله کشت ایده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرمایه مرحله کشت ایده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_d%27amor%C3%A7age" title="Capital d'amorçage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Capital d'amorçage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%93%9C%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88" title="시드머니 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시드머니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendanaan_modal_benih" title="Pendanaan modal benih – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pendanaan modal benih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_capital" title="Seed capital – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seed capital" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="הון ראשוני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הון ראשוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A5kornfond" title="Såkornfond – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Såkornfond" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_semente" title="Capital semente – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Capital semente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Посевное финансирование – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Посевное финансирование" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A5ddfond" title="Såddfond – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Såddfond" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Стартове фінансування – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стартове фінансування" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0i_tr%E1%BB%A3_h%E1%BA%A1t_gi%E1%BB%91ng" title="Tài trợ hạt giống – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tài trợ hạt giống" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E5%AD%90%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91" title="种子基金 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="种子基金" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Seed_money" title="Special:EditPage/Seed money">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Seed_money" title="Talk:Seed money">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" 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Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Seed_money" title="Special:EditPage/Seed money">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Seed+money%22">"Seed money"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Seed+money%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Seed+money%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Seed+money%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Seed+money%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Seed+money%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of securities offering</div> <p><b>Seed money</b>, also known as <b>seed funding </b>or<b> seed capital</b>, is a form of <a href="/wiki/Securities_offering" title="Securities offering">securities offering</a> in which an <a href="/wiki/Investor" title="Investor">investor</a> puts capital in a <a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">startup company</a> in exchange for an <a href="/wiki/Equity_stake" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity stake">equity stake</a> or <a href="/wiki/Convertible_note" class="mw-redirect" title="Convertible note">convertible note</a> stake in the company. The term <i>seed</i> suggests that this is a very early investment, meant to support the business until it can generate cash of its own (see <a href="/wiki/Cash_flow" title="Cash flow">cash flow</a>), or until it is ready for further investments. Seed money options include friends and family funding, seed venture capital funds, <a href="/wiki/Angel_funding" class="mw-redirect" title="Angel funding">angel funding</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crowdfunding" title="Crowdfunding">crowdfunding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Open_Citizenship_Journal_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Open_Citizenship_Journal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seed_money&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Startup_financing_cycle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Startup_financing_cycle.svg/300px-Startup_financing_cycle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Startup_financing_cycle.svg/450px-Startup_financing_cycle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Startup_financing_cycle.svg/600px-Startup_financing_cycle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>Startup financing stages</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditionally, companies that have yet to meet listing requirements or qualify for bank loans, recognize VC as providers of financial support and value added services.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seed money can be used to pay for preliminary operations such as <a href="/wiki/Market_research" title="Market research">market research</a> and product development. Investors can be the founders themselves, using savings and loans. They can be family members and friends of the founders. Investors can also be outside <a href="/wiki/Angel_investor" title="Angel investor">angel investors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venture_capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Venture capitalist">venture capitalists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accredited_investor" title="Accredited investor">accredited investors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equity_crowdfunding" title="Equity crowdfunding">equity crowdfunding</a> investors, <a href="/wiki/Revenue-based_financing" title="Revenue-based financing">revenue-based financing</a> lenders, or government programs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early-stage_funding">Early-stage funding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seed_money&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early-stage funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seed capital can be distinguished from <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital</a> in that venture capital investments tend to come from institutional investors, involve significantly more money, are arm's length transactions, and involve much greater complexity in the contracts and corporate structure accompanying the investment. Seed funding is generally one of the first steps investors offer to get startups on their feet before they become fully operational.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seed funding involves a higher risk than normal venture capital funding since the investor does not see any existing projects to evaluate for funding. Hence, the investments made are usually lower (in the tens of thousands to the hundreds of thousands of dollars range) as against normal venture capital investment (in the hundreds of thousands to the millions of dollars range), for similar levels of stake in the company. Seed funding can be raised online using <a href="/wiki/Equity_crowdfunding" title="Equity crowdfunding">equity crowdfunding</a> platforms such as <a href="/wiki/SeedInvest" title="SeedInvest">SeedInvest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seedrs" title="Seedrs">Seedrs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angels_Den" title="Angels Den">Angels Den</a>. Investors make their decision whether to fund a project based on the perceived strength of the idea and the capabilities, skills and history of the founders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_funding">Government funding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seed_money&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Government funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is the most selective type of funding. Government funds may be targeted toward youth, with the age of the founder a determinant. Often, these programmes can be targeted towards adolescent self-employment during the summer vacation. Depending on the political system, municipal government may be in charge of small disbursements. The <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> runs microfinance programmes (loans under €25 000) for self-employed people and businesses with fewer than 10 employees.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> European seed capital is available, but typically is limited to a 50% share.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> European SMEs can often benefit from the <a href="/wiki/Eureka_(organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eureka (organization)">Eureka</a> programme, which federates SMEs and research organisations, such as universities. Government programmes are often tied to political initiatives.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seed_money&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seed money may also come from product <a href="/wiki/Crowdfunding" title="Crowdfunding">crowdfunding</a> or from financial bootstrapping, rather than an equity offering.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bootstrapping in this context means making use of the <a href="/wiki/Cash_flow" title="Cash flow">cash flow</a> of an existing enterprise, such as in the case of Chitika and Cidewalk.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_of_Seed_funding">Types of Seed funding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seed_money&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Types of Seed funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Friends and family funding: This type of seed funding involves raising money from friends and family members.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_investor" title="Angel investor">Angel investing</a>: As mentioned above, angel investors are wealthy individuals who provide seed funding in exchange for equity ownership.</li> <li>Seed accelerators: These are programs that provide startups with seed funding, mentorship, and resources to help them grow their businesses.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdfunding" title="Crowdfunding">Crowdfunding</a>: This type of funding allows startups to raise money from a large number of people, typically through an online platform.</li> <li>Incubators: These are organizations that provide startups with seed funding, office space, and resources to help them grow their businesses.</li> <li>Government grants: Some government agencies provide seed funding for startups working on specific projects or in specific industries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_venture_capital" title="Corporate venture capital">Corporate ventures</a>: Some big companies set up venture arms to provide seed funding to startups in their industry or complementary field.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micro-Venture_Capital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micro-Venture Capital (page does not exist)">Micro-Venture Capital</a>: A type of venture capital that provides seed funding to new startups and early-stage companies with a small amount of money.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seed_money&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_investor" title="Angel investor">Angel investor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_currency" title="Digital currency">Digital currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdsourcing" title="Crowdsourcing">Crowdsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">Private equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue-based_financing" title="Revenue-based financing">Revenue-based financing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Series_A_round" title="Series A round">Series A round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">Venture capital</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seed_money&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Open_Citizenship_Journal-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Open_Citizenship_Journal_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em 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.cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHollow2013" class="citation journal cs1">Hollow, Matthew (20 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3415172">"Crowdfunding and Civic Society in Europe: A Profitable Partnership?"</a>. <i>Open Citizenship</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EU-backed+small+business+loans+%E2%80%93+European+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fcontracts_grants%2Fmicrofinance_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeed+money" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402135639/http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/finance/guide-to-funding/direct-funding/index_en.htm">"Quick guide to direct funding"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/finance/guide-to-funding/direct-funding/index_en.htm">the original</a> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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VentureBeat.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crowdfunding+vs.+seed+funding%3A+All+money+is+not+created+equal&rft.pub=VentureBeat&rft.date=2013-06-24&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fventurebeat.com%2F2013%2F06%2F24%2Fcrowdfunding-vs-seed-funding-all-money-is-not-created-equal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeed+money" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMicucci" class="citation web cs1">Micucci, Emily. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wbjournal.com/article/20150319/METROWEST01/150319921">"Chitika to spin off mobile segment"</a>. <i>www.wbjournal.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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talk:Private equity and venture capital"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Private equity and venture capital"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Private_equity_and_venture_capital411" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">Private equity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investment types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buyout" title="Buyout">Buyout</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">Leveraged</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">Venture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzanine_capital" title="Mezzanine capital">Mezzanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_capital" title="Growth capital">Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_secondary_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Private equity secondary market">Secondaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_co-investment" title="Equity co-investment">Equity co-investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAV_lending" title="NAV lending">NAV lending</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_private_equity_and_venture_capital" title="History of private equity and venture capital">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_private_equity" title="Early history of private equity">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_1980s" title="Private equity in the 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_1990s" title="Private equity in the 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2000s" title="Private equity in the 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2010s" title="Private equity in the 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_2020s" title="Private equity in the 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms and <br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">Buyout</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_sponsor" title="Financial sponsor">Financial sponsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_buyout" title="Management buyout">Management buyout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisional_buyout" title="Divisional buyout">Divisional buyout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy%E2%80%93sell_agreement" title="Buy–sell agreement">Buy–sell agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leveraged_recapitalization" title="Leveraged recapitalization">Leveraged recapitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend_recapitalization" title="Dividend recapitalization">Dividend recapitalization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">Venture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_investor" title="Angel investor">Angel investor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_incubator" title="Business incubator">Business incubator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-money_valuation" title="Post-money valuation">Post-money valuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-money_valuation" title="Pre-money valuation">Pre-money valuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_agreement_for_future_equity" title="Simple agreement for future equity">SAFE</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seed money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">Startup company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital_financing" class="mw-redirect" title="Venture capital financing">Venture capital financing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_debt" title="Venture debt">Venture debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_round" title="Venture round">Venture round</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_firm" title="Private equity firm">Private equity firms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_fund" title="Private equity fund">funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_partnership" title="Limited partnership">Limited partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_liability_company" title="Limited liability company">Limited liability company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carried_interest" title="Carried interest">Carried interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_fee" title="Management fee">Management fee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pledge_fund" title="Pledge fund">Pledge fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publicly_traded_private_equity" title="Publicly traded private equity">Publicly traded private equity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_Development_Company" title="Business Development Company">Business Development Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_capital_trust" title="Venture capital trust">Venture capital trust</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_investment_in_public_equity" title="Private investment in public equity">Private investment in public equity (PIPE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special-purpose_acquisition_company" title="Special-purpose acquisition company">SPAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_venture_capital" title="Corporate venture capital">Corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_investor" title="Institutional investor">Institutional investors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">Pension funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance#Insurance_companies" title="Insurance">Insurance companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fund_of_funds" title="Fund of funds">Fund of funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_foundation" title="Private foundation">Foundations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">Investment banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_bank" title="Merchant bank">Merchant banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">Commercial banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-net-worth_individual" title="High-net-worth individual">High-net-worth individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_office" title="Family office">Family offices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">Sovereign wealth funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdfunding" title="Crowdfunding">Crowdfunding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />financial terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assets_under_management" title="Assets under management">AUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalization_table" title="Capitalization table">Cap table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_call" title="Capital call">Capital call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_commitment" title="Capital commitment">Capital commitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_structure" title="Capital structure">Capital structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distribution_waterfall" title="Distribution waterfall">Distribution waterfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest,_taxes,_depreciation_and_amortization" title="Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization">EBITDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envy_ratio" title="Envy ratio">Envy ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-yield_debt" title="High-yield debt">High-yield debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">IPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_rate_of_return" title="Internal rate of return">IRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverage_(finance)" title="Leverage (finance)">Leverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquidation_preference" title="Liquidation preference">Liquidation preference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">M&A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Market_Equivalent" title="Public Market Equivalent">PME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_of_private_equity_and_hedge_funds" title="Taxation of private equity and hedge funds">Taxation of private equity and hedge funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercapitalization" title="Undercapitalization">Undercapitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_year" title="Vintage year">Vintage year</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" 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