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mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Western New Guinea</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style>Guinea-Bissau,<a href="#cite_note-10">[a]</a> officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau,<a href="#cite_note-11">[b]</a> is a country in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a> that covers 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi) with an estimated population of 2,026,778. It borders <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> to <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau%E2%80%93Senegal_border" title="Guinea-Bissau–Senegal border">its north</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> to <a href="/wiki/Guinea%E2%80%93Guinea-Bissau_border" title="Guinea–Guinea-Bissau border">its southeast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> <table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of Guinea-Bissau</div><div class="ib-country-names">República da Guiné-Bissau (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>) 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 (<a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fula</a>) ߖߌ߬ߣߍ߫ ߓߌߛߊߥߏ߫ (<a href="/wiki/Mandinka_language" title="Mandinka language">Mandinka</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Flag of Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/125px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/188px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/250px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Flag of Guinea-Bissau">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Guinea-Bissau_(variant).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Emblem of Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Coat_of_arms_of_Guinea-Bissau_%28variant%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guinea-Bissau_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Coat_of_arms_of_Guinea-Bissau_%28variant%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guinea-Bissau_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Coat_of_arms_of_Guinea-Bissau_%28variant%29.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guinea-Bissau_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="421"></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Emblem of Guinea-Bissau"> Emblem</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: Unidade, Luta, Progresso "Unity, Struggle, Progress"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: <a href="/wiki/Esta_%C3%89_a_Nossa_P%C3%A1tria_Bem_Amada" title="Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada">Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada</a> "This is Our Beloved Homeland" <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Guinea_Bissau_AU_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Guinea Bissau in Africa"><img alt="Location of Guinea Bissau in Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Location_Guinea_Bissau_AU_Africa.svg/250px-Location_Guinea_Bissau_AU_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Location_Guinea_Bissau_AU_Africa.svg/375px-Location_Guinea_Bissau_AU_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Location_Guinea_Bissau_AU_Africa.svg/500px-Location_Guinea_Bissau_AU_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1300"></a> Show map of Africa <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"> Guinea-Bissau</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></div></div><div><a href="/wiki/File:Guinea_Bissau_Base_Map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Guinea Bissau Base Map"><img alt="Guinea Bissau Base Map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Guinea_Bissau_Base_Map.png/250px-Guinea_Bissau_Base_Map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Guinea_Bissau_Base_Map.png/375px-Guinea_Bissau_Base_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Guinea_Bissau_Base_Map.png/500px-Guinea_Bissau_Base_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1102" data-file-height="694"></a> Show map of Guinea-Bissau</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Guinea-Bissau&params=11_52_N_15_36_W_type:city">11°52′N 15°36′W / 11.867°N 15.600°W / 11.867; -15.600</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guinean_Portuguese" title="Guinean Portuguese">Portuguese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>List:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Creole" title="Guinea-Bissau Creole">Guinea-Bissau Creole</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Balanta_languages" title="Balanta languages">Balanta</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hassaniya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassaniya">Hassaniya</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jola-Fonyi_language" title="Jola-Fonyi language">Jola-Fonyi</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mandinka_language" title="Mandinka language">Mandinka</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Manjak_language" title="Manjak language">Mandjak</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mankanya_language" title="Mankanya language">Mankanya</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Noon_language" title="Noon language">Noon</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pulaar_language" title="Pulaar language">Pulaar</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Serer_language" title="Serer language">Serer</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Soninke_language" title="Soninke language">Soninke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2019)<a href="#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>30% <a href="/wiki/Balanta_people" title="Balanta people">Balanta</a></li><li>30% <a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a></li><li>14% <a href="/wiki/Manjak_people" title="Manjak people">Manjak</a></li><li>13% <a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Mandinka</a></li><li>7% <a href="/wiki/Papel_people" title="Papel people">Papel</a></li><li>6% other / unspecified</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2020)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>46.1% <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li><li>30.6% <a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">Traditional faiths</a></li><li>18.9% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li><li>3% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a></li><li>1% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Religion in Guinea-Bissau">others</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bissau-Guinean<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Guinean</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Politics of Guinea-Bissau">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">semi-presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="List of presidents of Guinea-Bissau">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Umaro_Sissoco_Embal%C3%B3" title="Umaro Sissoco Embaló">Umaro Sissoco Embaló</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="List of prime ministers of Guinea-Bissau">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rui_Duarte_de_Barros" title="Rui Duarte de Barros">Rui Duarte de Barros</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Assembly_(Guinea-Bissau)" title="National People's Assembly (Guinea-Bissau)">National People's Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">Independence</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">from <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Declared </div></th><td class="infobox-data">24 September 1973</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Recognized </div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 September 1974</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Geography of Guinea-Bissau">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">36,125 km2 (13,948 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">134th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">22.4</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Demographics of Guinea-Bissau">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2023 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,078,820<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">150th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">46.9/km2 (121.5/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">154th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $6 billion<a href="#cite_note-imf2-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $3,088<a href="#cite_note-imf2-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $2 billion<a href="#cite_note-imf2-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $1,028<a href="#cite_note-imf2-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2021)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 33.4<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 0.483<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">low (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">179th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_African_CFA_franc" title="West African CFA franc">West African CFA franc</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">XOF</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Telephone numbers in Guinea-Bissau">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Telephone numbers in Guinea-Bissau">+245</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:GW" title="ISO 3166-2:GW">GW</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.gw" title=".gw">.gw</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Kaabu" title="Kaabu">Kaabu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-nationsonline.org-13">[11]</a> as well as part of the <a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nationsonline.org-13">[11]</a> Parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century, while a few others had been under some rule by the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a> since the 16th century. In the 19th century, it was colonised as <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nationsonline.org-13">[11]</a> Portuguese control was restricted and weak until the early 20th century, when its pacification campaigns solidified Portuguese sovereignty in the area. The final Portuguese victory over the last remaining bastion of mainland resistance came in 1915, with the conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Papel_people" title="Papel people">Papel</a>-ruled Kingdom of Bissau by the Portuguese military officer <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Teixeira_Pinto" title="João Teixeira Pinto">Teixeira Pinto</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wolof_people" title="Wolof people">Wolof</a> mercenary <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Injai" title="Abdul Injai">Abdul Injai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bowman-2009-14">[12]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bissagos_Islands" title="Bissagos Islands">Bissagos</a>, islands off the coast of Guinea-Bissau, were officially conquered in 1936, ensuring Portuguese control of both the mainland and islands of the region.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> Upon independence, declared in 1973 and recognised in 1974, the name of its capital, <a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a>, was added to the country's name to prevent confusion with <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/French_Guinea" title="French Guinea">French Guinea</a>). Guinea-Bissau has had a history of political instability since independence. The current president is <a href="/wiki/Umaro_Sissoco_Embal%C3%B3" title="Umaro Sissoco Embaló">Umaro Sissoco Embaló</a>, who was elected on 29 December 2019.<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> About 2% of the population speaks Portuguese, the <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a>, as a first language, and 33% speak it as a second language. <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Creole" title="Guinea-Bissau Creole">Guinea-Bissau Creole</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Portuguese-based_creole_languages" title="Portuguese-based creole languages">Portuguese-based creole</a>, is the national language and also considered the language of unity. According to a 2012 study, 54% of the population speak Creole as a first language and about 40% speak it as a second language.<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> The remainder speak a variety of native African languages. The nation is home to numerous followers of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, and multiple <a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional African religion">traditional faiths</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pew-2010-19">[17]</a> The country's per capita <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">lowest in the world</a>. Guinea-Bissau is a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Community of West African States">Economic Community of West African States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Peace_and_Cooperation_Zone" title="South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone">South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone</a>. It was also a member of the now-defunct <a href="/wiki/Latin_Union" title="Latin Union">Latin Union</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Pre-European_contact">1.1 Pre-European contact</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Kingdom_of_Bissau">1.1.1 Kingdom of Bissau</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Biafada_kingdoms">1.1.2 Biafada kingdoms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#The_Bijagos">1.1.3 The Bijagos</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Kaabu">1.1.4 Kaabu</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#European_contact">1.2 European contact</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#15th%E2%80%9316th_centuries">1.2.1 15th–16th centuries</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#17th%E2%80%9318th_centuries">1.2.2 17th–18th centuries</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Slave_trade">1.2.3 Slave trade</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Colonialism">1.3 Colonialism</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Struggle_for_independence">1.4 Struggle for independence</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Independence_(1973%E2%80%932000)">1.5 Independence (1973–2000)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#21st_century">1.6 21st century</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Politics">2 Politics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Foreign_relations">2.1 Foreign relations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Military">2.2 Military</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Administrative_divisions">2.3 Administrative divisions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Geography">3 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Climate">3.1 Climate</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Economy">4 Economy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Society">5 Society</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Demographics">5.1 Demographics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Ethnic_groups">5.2 Ethnic groups</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Major_cities">5.3 Major cities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Languages">5.4 Languages</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Religion">5.5 Religion</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Education">5.6 Education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Conflicts">5.7 Conflicts</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Culture">6 Culture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Media">6.1 Media</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Music">6.2 Music</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Cuisine">6.3 Cuisine</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Film">6.4 Film</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Sports">6.5 Sports</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#See_also">7 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#References">8 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Sources">8.1 Sources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#Further_reading">9 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#External_links">10 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="History of Guinea-Bissau">History of Guinea-Bissau</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-European_contact">Pre-European contact</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-European contact" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The deep history of what is now Guinea-Bissau is poorly understood by historians. The earliest inhabitants were the <a href="/wiki/Jola_people" title="Jola people">Jola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papel_people" title="Papel people">Papel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manjak_people" title="Manjak people">Manjak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balanta_people" title="Balanta people">Balanta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Biafada_people" title="Biafada people">Biafada</a> peoples.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Later the <a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Mandinka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fulani</a> migrated into the region, in the 13th and 15th centuries, respectively. They pushed the earlier inhabitants towards the coast and onto the <a href="/wiki/Bijagos_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Bijagos islands">Bijagos islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brit-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 20 The Balanta and Jola had weak or non-existent institutions of kingship but emphasised decentralization, with power invested in heads of villages and families.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 64 The Mandinka, Fula, Papel, Manjak, and Biafada chiefs were vassals to kings. The customs, rites, and ceremonies varied, but nobles commanded all the major positions, including the judicial system.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 66–67, 73, 227 Social stratification was seen in the clothing and accessories of the people, in housing materials, and in transportation options.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 77–8 Trade was widespread between ethnic groups. Items traded included pepper and kola nuts from the southern forests; kola nuts, iron, and iron utensils from the savannah-forest zone; salt and dried fish from the coast; and Mandinka cotton cloth.<a href="#cite_note-Old_Men-22">[20]</a>: 4 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kingdom_of_Bissau">Kingdom of Bissau</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Bissau" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> According to oral tradition, the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a> was founded by the son of the king of Quinara (Guinala), who moved to the area with his pregnant sister, six wives, and subjects of his father's kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> Relations between the kingdom and the Portuguese colonisers were initially warm, but deteriorated over time.<a href="#cite_note-Dictionary-24">[22]</a>: 55 The kingdom strongly defended its sovereignty against the Portuguese 'Pacification Campaigns', defeating them in 1891, 1894, and 1904. However, in 1915 the Portuguese under the command of Officer <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Teixeira_Pinto" title="João Teixeira Pinto">Teixeira Pinto</a> and warlord <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Injai" title="Abdul Injai">Abdul Injai</a> fully absorbed the kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-Bowman-2009-14">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biafada_kingdoms">Biafada kingdoms</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Biafada kingdoms" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Biafada_people" title="Biafada people">Biafada people</a> inhabited the area around the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_de_Buba" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Grande de Buba">Rio Grande de Buba</a> in three kingdoms: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biguba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biguba (page does not exist)">Biguba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinala" title="Guinala">Guinala</a>, and Bissege.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 65 The former two were important ports with significant <a href="/wiki/Lan%C3%A7ado" class="mw-redirect" title="Lançado">lançado</a> communities.<a href="#cite_note-Dictionary-24">[22]</a>: 63, 211 They were subjects of the Mandinka mansa of Kaabu.<a href="#cite_note-Dictionary-24">[22]</a>: 211 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Bijagos">The Bijagos</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Bijagos" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the <a href="/wiki/Bijagos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Bijagos Islands">Bijagos Islands</a>, people of different ethnic origins tended to settle in separate settlements. Great cultural diversity developed in the archipelago.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 24 <a href="#cite_note-Dictionary-24">[22]</a>: 52 Bijago society was warlike. Men were dedicated to boatbuilding and raiding the mainland, attacking the coastal peoples as well as other islands. They believed that at sea they had no king. Women cultivated the land, constructed houses, and gathered and prepared foods. They could choose their husbands, and warriors with the best reputations ranked at the top of respected status. Successful warriors could have many wives and boats, and were entitled to one third of the spoils gained by warriors who used their boats in any expedition.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 204–205 Bijago night raids on coastal settlements had significant effects on the societies attacked. Portuguese traders on the mainland tried to stop the raids, as they hurt the local economy. But the islanders also sold considerable numbers of villagers captured in raids as slaves to the Europeans. With colonisation underway in other parts of Africa and the Americas, demand for workers was high and the Europeans sometimes pushed for more captives to be taken.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 205 The Bijagos were mostly safe from enslavement, as they were out of reach of mainland slave raiders. Europeans avoided having them as slaves. Portuguese sources say the children made good slaves but not the adults, who were likely to commit <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a>, lead rebellions aboard slave ships, or escape once reaching the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 218–219 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kaabu">Kaabu</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Kaabu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:African_slave_trade.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/African_slave_trade.png/300px-African_slave_trade.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="721" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 250px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/African_slave_trade.png/300px-African_slave_trade.png" data-width="300" data-height="250" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/African_slave_trade.png/450px-African_slave_trade.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/African_slave_trade.png/600px-African_slave_trade.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>States in medieval Africa</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kaabu" title="Kaabu">Kaabu</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Kaabu" title="Kaabu">Kaabu</a> was established first as a province of <a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a> through the conquest in the 13th century of the <a href="/wiki/Senegambia" title="Senegambia">Senegambia</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tiramakhan_Traore" title="Tiramakhan Traore">Tiramakhan Traore</a>, a general under <a href="/wiki/Sundiata_Keita" title="Sundiata Keita">Sundiata Keita</a>. By the 14th century much of Guinea Bissau was under the administration of Mali. It was ruled by a farim kaabu (commander of Kaabu).<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> Mali declined gradually, beginning in the 14th century. By the early 16th century, the expanding power of <a href="/wiki/Koli_Tenguella" title="Koli Tenguella">Koli Tenguella</a> cut off formerly secure Mali. Kaabu became an independent federation of kingdoms.<a href="#cite_note-Wright-1987-26">[24]</a>: 13 <a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> The ruling classes were composed of elite warriors known as the Nyancho (Ñaanco) who traced their patrilineal lineage to Tiramakhan Traore.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a>: 2 The Nyancho were a <a href="/wiki/Warrior_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrior culture">warrior culture</a>, reputed to be excellent cavalry men and raiders.<a href="#cite_note-Wright-1987-26">[24]</a>: 6 The Kaabu Mansaba was seated in Kansala, today known as <a href="/wiki/Gabu_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabu (town)">Gabu</a>, in the eastern <a href="/wiki/Gab%C3%BA_region" title="Gabú region">Gabú region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Old_Men-22">[20]</a>: 4 The slave trade dominated the economy, and the warrior classes grew rich with imported cloth, beads, metalware, and firearms.<a href="#cite_note-Wright-1987-26">[24]</a>: 8 Trade networks with Arabs and others to North Africa were dominant up to the 14th century. In the 15th century, coastal trade with the Europeans began to increase.<a href="#cite_note-Old_Men-22">[20]</a>: 3 In the 17th and 18th centuries an estimated 700 slaves were exported annually from the region, many of them from Kaabu.<a href="#cite_note-Old_Men-22">[20]</a>: 5 In the late 18th century, the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Imamate_of_Futa_Jallon" title="Imamate of Futa Jallon">Imamate of Futa Jallon</a> to the east posed a powerful challenge to the animist Kaabu. During the first half of the 19th century, civil war erupted as local <a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula people</a> sought independence.<a href="#cite_note-Old_Men-22">[20]</a>: 5–6 This long-running conflict was marked by the 1867 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kansala" title="Battle of Kansala">Battle of Kansala</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Fuladu" title="Fuladu">Fuladu</a> effectively defeated the Kaabu and dominated the area thereafter. But some smaller Mandinka kingdoms survived until their absorption into Portuguese colonies. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_contact">European contact</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: European contact" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/British_Guinea" title="British Guinea">British Guinea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Guinea_(1935%E2%80%931974,_lesser).svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Guinea_%281935%E2%80%931974%2C_lesser%29.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Guinea_%281935%E2%80%931974%2C_lesser%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="788"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 259px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Guinea_%281935%E2%80%931974%2C_lesser%29.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Guinea_%281935%E2%80%931974%2C_lesser%29.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="259" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Guinea_%281935%E2%80%931974%2C_lesser%29.svg/330px-Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Guinea_%281935%E2%80%931974%2C_lesser%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Guinea_%281935%E2%80%931974%2C_lesser%29.svg/440px-Coat_of_arms_of_Portuguese_Guinea_%281935%E2%80%931974%2C_lesser%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Lesser coat of arms of Portuguese Guinea-Bissau</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="15th–16th_centuries">15th–16th centuries</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 15th–16th centuries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The first Europeans to reach Guinea-Bissau were the Venetian explorer <a href="/wiki/Alvise_Cadamosto" title="Alvise Cadamosto">Alvise Cadamosto</a> in 1455, Portuguese explorer <a href="/wiki/Diogo_Gomes" title="Diogo Gomes">Diogo Gomes</a> in 1456, Portuguese explorer <a href="/wiki/Duarte_Pacheco_Pereira" title="Duarte Pacheco Pereira">Duarte Pacheco Pareira</a> in the 1480s, and Flemish explorer <a href="/wiki/Eustache_de_la_Fosse" title="Eustache de la Fosse">Eustache de la Fosse</a> in 1479–1480.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a>: 7, 12–13, 16 Although the Portuguese authorities initially discouraged European settlement on the mainland, this prohibition was ignored by <a href="/wiki/Lan%C3%A7ados" title="Lançados">lançados</a> and tangomãos, who largely assimilated into indigenous culture and customs.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 140 They ignored Portuguese trade regulations that banned entering the region or trading without a royal licence, shipping out of unauthorised ports, or assimilating into the native community.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 142 After 1520 trade and settlements increased on the mainland, populated by Portuguese and native traders, as well as some Spanish, <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoese</a>, English, French, and Dutch.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 145, 150 The main ports were <a href="/wiki/Cacheu" title="Cacheu">Cacheu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guinala" title="Guinala">Guinala</a>. Each river also had such trading centers as <a href="/wiki/Farim" title="Farim">Toubaboudougou</a> at their fall lines, the furthest navigable point. These posts traded directly with the peoples of the interior for resources such as <a href="/wiki/Gum_arabic" title="Gum arabic">gum arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a>, hides, <a href="/wiki/Civet" title="Civet">civet</a>, dyes, enslaved Africans, and gold.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 153–160 Local African rulers generally refused to allow Europeans into the interior, to ensure their own control of trade routes and goods.<a href="#cite_note-historyworld-30">[28]</a> Disputes became increasingly frequent and serious in the late 1500s as the foreign traders sought to influence the host societies to their benefit.<a href="#cite_note-Dictionary-24">[22]</a>: 74 Meanwhile, the Portuguese monopoly, always leaky, was being increasingly challenged. In 1580 the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian Union</a> unified the crowns of Portugal and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. Spain's enemies launched attacks on Portuguese possessions in Guinea Bissau and Cape Verde. French, Dutch, and English ships increasingly came to trade with the natives and the independent-minded lançados.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 244–253 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="17th–18th_centuries">17th–18th centuries</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 17th–18th centuries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the early 17th century the government attempted to force all Guinean trade to go through <a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Cape_Verde" title="Santiago, Cape Verde">Santiago</a>, and to promote trade and settlement on the mainland, while restricting the sale of weapons to the locals. These efforts were largely unsuccessful.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 243–4 With the end of the Iberian Union in 1640, King <a href="/wiki/John_IV_of_Portugal" title="John IV of Portugal">João IV</a> attempted to restrict the Spanish trade in Guinea that had flourished for the previous 60 years. Afro-Portuguese traders and colonists, however, were not in a position to deny the free trade that the African kings demanded, as they had come to rely on European products and goods as necessities.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 261–3 The Portuguese were never able to maintain the monopoly they wanted; the economic interests of the native leaders and Afro-European traders and merchants never aligned with theirs. During this period the power of the <a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali Empire</a> in the region was dissipating. The <a href="/wiki/Farim" title="Farim">farim</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kaabu" title="Kaabu">Kaabu</a>, the king of <a href="/wiki/Kasa_kingdom" title="Kasa kingdom">Kassa</a>, and other local rulers began to assert their independence.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 488 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Casa_da_Guin%C3%A9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Casa_da_Guin%C3%A9.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Casa_da_Guin%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="1052"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Casa_da_Guin%C3%A9.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Casa_da_Guin%C3%A9.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Casa_da_Guin%C3%A9.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Casa_da_Guin%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Casa_da_Guin%C3%A9.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Casa_da_Guin%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Flag of the Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Company_of_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Company of Guinea">Company of Guinea</a></figcaption></figure> In the early 1700s the Portuguese abandoned <a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a> and retreated to Cacheu after the captain-major was captured and killed by the local king. They did not return until the 1750s. Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Cacheu_and_Cape_Verde_Company" title="Cacheu and Cape Verde Company">Cacheu and Cape Verde Company</a> shut down in 1706.<a href="#cite_note-Dictionary-24">[22]</a>: xliii For a brief period in the 1790s, the British tried to establish a foothold on <a href="/wiki/Bolama_Island" title="Bolama Island">Bolama Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Slave_trade">Slave trade</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Slave trade" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Guinea-Bissau was among the first regions whose people engaged in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>. For centuries its warriors had sent captives as slaves to North Africa. While it did not produce the same number of enslaved people to export to the Americas as other regions, the effects were still significant.<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-historyworld-30">[28]</a> In Cape Verde, Guinean slaves were instrumental in developing the labor-intensive <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantation</a> economy: they cultivated and processed, growing <a href="/wiki/Indigo" title="Indigo">indigo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, and also wove the panos cloth that became a standard currency in West Africa.<a href="#cite_note-Brit-20">[18]</a> During the 17th and 18th centuries, thousands of captive Africans were taken from the region every year by Portuguese, French, and British companies. An average of 3000 persons were shipped every year from <a href="/wiki/Guinala" title="Guinala">Guinala</a> alone.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 278 Many of these captives were taken during the <a href="/wiki/Fula_jihads" title="Fula jihads">Fula jihads</a> and, specifically, the wars between the <a href="/wiki/Imamate_of_Futa_Jallon" title="Imamate of Futa Jallon">Imamate of Futa Jallon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaabu" title="Kaabu">Kaabu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dictionary-24">[22]</a>: 377 Wars were increasingly waged for the sole purpose of capturing slaves to sell to the Europeans in exchange for imported goods. They resembled man-hunts more than conflicts over territory or political power.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 204, 209 The nobles and kings benefited, while the common people bore the brunt of the raiding and insecurity. If a noble was captured, they were likely to be released, as the captors, whoever they were, would generally accept a ransom in exchange for freeing them.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 229 The relationship between kings and European traders was a partnership, with the two regularly making deals on how the trade was to be conducted, defining who could be enslaved and who could not, and the prices of the slaves. Contemporary chroniclers questioned multiple kings on their part in the slave trade, and noted that they recognised the trade as evil but participated because otherwise the Europeans would not buy any other goods from them.<a href="#cite_note-Rodney-1966-21">[19]</a>: 230–4 Beginning in the late 18th century, European countries gradually began slowing and/or abolishing the slave trade. Portugal abandoned slavery in 1869 and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> in 1888, but a system of <a href="/wiki/Contract_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Contract labor">contract labor</a> replaced it that was only barely better for the workers.<a href="#cite_note-Dictionary-24">[22]</a>: 377 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonialism">Colonialism</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Colonialism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913-v2.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913-v2.png/300px-Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913-v2.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2280" data-file-height="1130"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 149px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913-v2.png/300px-Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913-v2.png" data-width="300" data-height="149" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913-v2.png/450px-Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913-v2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913-v2.png/600px-Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913-v2.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Comparison of Africa in the years 1880 and 1913</figcaption></figure> Up until the late 1800s, Portuguese control of their 'colony' outside of their forts and trading posts was a fiction. Guinea-Bissau became the scene of increased European colonial competition beginning in the 1860s. The dispute over the status of <a href="/wiki/Bolama_(town)" title="Bolama (town)">Bolama</a> was resolved in Portugal's favor through the mediation of U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> in 1870, but French encroachment on Portuguese claims continued. In 1886 the <a href="/wiki/Casamance" title="Casamance">Casamance</a> region of what is now <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> was ceded to them.<a href="#cite_note-Brit-20">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Struggle_for_independence">Struggle for independence</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Struggle for independence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LG%26CD_-_Guine_Barro_Jagudis_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/LG%26CD_-_Guine_Barro_Jagudis_11.jpg/220px-LG%26CD_-_Guine_Barro_Jagudis_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="642"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/LG%26CD_-_Guine_Barro_Jagudis_11.jpg/220px-LG%26CD_-_Guine_Barro_Jagudis_11.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/LG%26CD_-_Guine_Barro_Jagudis_11.jpg/330px-LG%26CD_-_Guine_Barro_Jagudis_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/LG%26CD_-_Guine_Barro_Jagudis_11.jpg/440px-LG%26CD_-_Guine_Barro_Jagudis_11.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a>, 1968</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Partido_Africano_da_Independ%C3%AAncia_da_Guin%C3%A9_e_Cabo_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde">African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde</a> (PAIGC) was founded in 1956 under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral">Amílcar Cabral</a>. Initially committed to peaceful methods, the 1959 <a href="/wiki/Pidjiguiti_massacre" title="Pidjiguiti massacre">Pidjiguiti massacre</a> pushed the party towards more militarized tactics, leaning heavily on the political mobilization of the peasantry in the countryside. After years of planning and preparing from their base in <a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a>, the PAIGC launched the <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">Guinea-Bissau War of Independence</a> on 23 January 1963.<a href="#cite_note-Dictionary-24">[22]</a>: 289 Unlike guerrilla movements in other <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese colonies</a>, the PAIGC rapidly extended its control over large portions of the territory. Aided by the jungle-like terrain, it had easy access to borders with neighbouring allies and large quantities of arms from <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, and left-leaning African countries. The PAIGC even managed to acquire a significant anti-aircraft capability in order to defend itself against aerial attack.<a href="#cite_note-Dictionary-24">[22]</a>: 289–90 By 1973, the PAIGC was in control of many parts of Guinea, although the movement suffered a setback in January 1973 when its founder and leader <a href="/wiki/Amilcar_Cabral" class="mw-redirect" title="Amilcar Cabral">Amilcar Cabral</a> was assassinated.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> After Cabral's death, party leadership fell to <a href="/wiki/Aristides_Pereira" title="Aristides Pereira">Aristides Pereira</a>, who would later become the first president of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Cape Verde">Republic of Cape Verde</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portugal_Colonial_War_1970.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Portugal_Colonial_War_1970.jpg/220px-Portugal_Colonial_War_1970.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Portugal_Colonial_War_1970.jpg/220px-Portugal_Colonial_War_1970.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Portugal_Colonial_War_1970.jpg/330px-Portugal_Colonial_War_1970.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Portugal_Colonial_War_1970.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Portuguese-held (green), disputed (yellow) and rebel-held areas (red) in Portuguese-Guinea and other colonies 1970</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_(1973–2000)">Independence (1973–2000)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Independence (1973–2000)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hastear_da_bandeira_da_Guin%C3%A9_Bissau_ap%C3%B3s_o_arrear_da_de_Portugal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hastear_da_bandeira_da_Guin%C3%A9_Bissau_ap%C3%B3s_o_arrear_da_de_Portugal.jpg/220px-Hastear_da_bandeira_da_Guin%C3%A9_Bissau_ap%C3%B3s_o_arrear_da_de_Portugal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2381" data-file-height="2149"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 199px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hastear_da_bandeira_da_Guin%C3%A9_Bissau_ap%C3%B3s_o_arrear_da_de_Portugal.jpg/220px-Hastear_da_bandeira_da_Guin%C3%A9_Bissau_ap%C3%B3s_o_arrear_da_de_Portugal.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="199" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hastear_da_bandeira_da_Guin%C3%A9_Bissau_ap%C3%B3s_o_arrear_da_de_Portugal.jpg/330px-Hastear_da_bandeira_da_Guin%C3%A9_Bissau_ap%C3%B3s_o_arrear_da_de_Portugal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hastear_da_bandeira_da_Guin%C3%A9_Bissau_ap%C3%B3s_o_arrear_da_de_Portugal.jpg/440px-Hastear_da_bandeira_da_Guin%C3%A9_Bissau_ap%C3%B3s_o_arrear_da_de_Portugal.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/PAIGC" class="mw-redirect" title="PAIGC">PAIGC</a> forces raise the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Flag of Guinea-Bissau">flag of Guinea-Bissau</a> in 1974.</figcaption></figure> Independence was unilaterally declared on 24 September 1973, which is now celebrated as the country's Independence Day, a <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Public holidays in Guinea-Bissau">public holiday</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> The country was formally recognized as independent on 10 September 1974.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Romania</a> was the first country to formally recognise Guinea-Bissau and the first to sign agreements with the <a href="/wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde" title="African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde">African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> Upon the nation's independence, it declared <a href="/wiki/Esta_%C3%89_a_Nossa_P%C3%A1tria_Bem_Amada" title="Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada">Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada</a> as its national anthem. Until 1996, this was shared with <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a>, which later adopted its own official national anthem <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2ntico_da_Liberdade" title="Cântico da Liberdade">Cântico da Liberdade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Cabral" title="Luís Cabral">Luís Cabral</a>, brother of Amílcar and co-founder of PAIGC, was appointed the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Guinea-Bissau">president of Guinea-Bissau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-historyworld-30">[28]</a> Independence had begun under the best of auspices. The Bissau-Guinean diaspora had returned to the country en masse. A system of access to school for all had been created. Books were free and schools seemed to have a sufficient number of teachers. The education of girls, previously neglected, was encouraged and a new school calendar, more adapted to the rural world, was adopted. In 1980, economic conditions deteriorated significantly, leading to general discontent with the government in power. On 14 November 1980, <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Bernardo_Vieira" title="João Bernardo Vieira">João Bernardo Vieira</a>, known as "Nino Vieira", overthrew President Luís Cabral. The constitution was suspended and a nine-member Military Council of the Revolution, chaired by Vieira, was established. Since then, the country has moved toward a liberal economy. Budget cuts have been made at the expense of the social sector and education.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> The country was controlled by the military council until 1984. The first multi-party <a href="/wiki/1994_Guinea-Bissau_general_election" title="1994 Guinea-Bissau general election">elections</a> were held in 1994. An army uprising in May 1998 led to the <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Civil_War" title="Guinea-Bissau Civil War">Guinea-Bissau Civil War</a> and the president's ousting in June 1999.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> Elections were held again in 2000, and <a href="/wiki/Kumba_Ial%C3%A1" title="Kumba Ialá">Kumba Ialá</a> was elected president.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 21st century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In September 2003, a military coup was conducted. The military arrested Ialá on the charge of being "unable to solve the problems".<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> After being delayed several times, <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_legislative_election,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea-Bissau legislative election, 2004">legislative elections</a> were held in March 2004. A mutiny in October 2004 over pay arrears resulted in the death of the head of the armed forces.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> In June 2005, <a href="/wiki/2005_Guinea-Bissau_presidential_election" title="2005 Guinea-Bissau presidential election">presidential elections</a> were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá. Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Bernardo_Vieira" title="João Bernardo Vieira">João Bernardo Vieira</a>, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat <a href="/wiki/Malam_Bacai_Sanh%C3%A1" title="Malam Bacai Sanhá">Malam Bacai Sanhá</a> in a run-off election. Sanhá initially refused to concede, claiming that <a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">tampering</a> and electoral fraud occurred in two <a href="/wiki/Constituencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituencies">constituencies</a> including the capital, Bissau.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Election_monitoring" title="Election monitoring">Foreign monitors</a> described the elections as "calm and organized", despite some reports of arms entering the country prior to the election and few "disturbances during campaigning", including attacks on government offices by unidentified gunmen.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> Three years later, Sanhá's PAIGC won a strong parliamentary majority, with 67 of 100 seats, in the parliamentary election held in November 2008.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> In November 2008, President Vieira's official residence was attacked by members of the armed forces, killing a guard but leaving the president unharmed.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> On 2 March 2009, however, Vieira was assassinated by what preliminary reports indicated to be a group of soldiers avenging the death of the head of joint chiefs of staff, General <a href="/wiki/Batista_Tagme_Na_Waie" title="Batista Tagme Na Waie">Batista Tagme Na Wai</a>, who had been killed in an explosion the day before.<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> Vieira's death did not trigger widespread violence, but there were signs of turmoil in the country, according to the <a href="/wiki/Advocacy_group" title="Advocacy group">advocacy group</a> <a href="/wiki/Swisspeace" title="Swisspeace">Swisspeace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> Military leaders in the country pledged to respect the constitutional order of succession. National Assembly Speaker <a href="/wiki/Raimundo_Pereira" title="Raimundo Pereira">Raimundo Pereira</a> was appointed as an interim president until a nationwide <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_presidential_election,_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea-Bissau presidential election, 2009">election</a> on 28 June 2009.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> It was won by Malam Bacai Sanhá, against <a href="/wiki/Kumba_Ial%C3%A1" title="Kumba Ialá">Kumba Ialá</a> as the presidential candidate of the PRS.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> On 9 January 2012, President Sanhá died of complications from diabetes, and Pereira was again appointed as an interim president. On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country's military staged <a href="/wiki/2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2012 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état">a coup d'état</a> and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> Former vice chief of staff, General <a href="/wiki/Mamadu_Ture_Kuruma" title="Mamadu Ture Kuruma">Mamadu Ture Kuruma</a>, assumed control of the country in the transitional period and started negotiations with opposition parties.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2014_Guinea-Bissau_general_election" title="2014 Guinea-Bissau general election">2014 general election</a> saw <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_M%C3%A1rio_Vaz" title="José Mário Vaz">José Mário Vaz</a> elected President of Guinea-Bissau. Vaz became the first elected president to complete his five-year mandate. At the same time, he was eliminated in the first round of the <a href="/wiki/2019_Guinea-Bissau_presidential_election" title="2019 Guinea-Bissau presidential election">2019 presidential elections</a>, ultimately seeing <a href="/wiki/Umaro_Sissoco_Embal%C3%B3" title="Umaro Sissoco Embaló">Umaro Sissoco Embaló</a> emerge as the victor. Embaló, the first president to be elected without the backing of the PAIGC, took office in February 2020.<a href="#cite_note-aa.com.tr-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> On 1 February 2022, there was <a href="/wiki/2022_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="2022 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">an attempted coup d'état</a> to overthrow President Umaro Sissoco Embaló.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> On 2 February 2022, state radio announced that four assailants and two members of the presidential guard had been killed in the incident.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> The <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Community of West African States">ECOWAS</a> both condemned the coup.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> Six days after the attempted coup d'état, on 7 February 2022, there was an attack on the building of Rádio Capital FM,<a href="#cite_note-Portugal-2022-65">[63]</a> a radio station critical of the Bissau-Guinean government;<a href="#cite_note-SOL-2022-66">[64]</a> this was the second time the radio station suffered an attack of this nature in less than two years.<a href="#cite_note-Portugal-2022-65">[63]</a> A journalist working for the station recalled, while wishing to stay anonymous, that one of their colleagues had recognized one of the cars carrying the attackers as belonging to the presidency.<a href="#cite_note-SOL-2022-66">[64]</a> In 2022, Embaló became the first African ruler to visit Ukraine since the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of the country</a> in February, meeting with President of Ukraine <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Putin-Embalo_meeting_(2022-10-25)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Putin-Embalo_meeting_%282022-10-25%29_02.jpg/220px-Putin-Embalo_meeting_%282022-10-25%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 136px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Putin-Embalo_meeting_%282022-10-25%29_02.jpg/220px-Putin-Embalo_meeting_%282022-10-25%29_02.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="136" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Putin-Embalo_meeting_%282022-10-25%29_02.jpg/330px-Putin-Embalo_meeting_%282022-10-25%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Putin-Embalo_meeting_%282022-10-25%29_02.jpg/440px-Putin-Embalo_meeting_%282022-10-25%29_02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Guinea-Bissau President <a href="/wiki/Umaro_Sissoco_Embal%C3%B3" title="Umaro Sissoco Embaló">Umaro Sissoco Embaló</a> with Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> in Moscow, Russia, 25 October 2022</figcaption></figure> In 2023, <a href="/wiki/2023_Guinea-Bissau_coup_attempt" title="2023 Guinea-Bissau coup attempt">an attempted coup</a> reportedly occurred in the capital, Bissau, leading Embaló to order the dissolution of the opposition-controlled parliament.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> On 11 September 2024, President Umaro Sissoco Embaló announced that he would not seek a second term in the upcoming presidential elections scheduled for November 2025.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Politics of Guinea-Bissau">Politics of Guinea-Bissau</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pal%C3%A1cio_Presidencial_em_Bissau_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Pal%C3%A1cio_Presidencial_em_Bissau_%282%29.jpg/220px-Pal%C3%A1cio_Presidencial_em_Bissau_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4518" data-file-height="2422"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 118px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Pal%C3%A1cio_Presidencial_em_Bissau_%282%29.jpg/220px-Pal%C3%A1cio_Presidencial_em_Bissau_%282%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="118" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Pal%C3%A1cio_Presidencial_em_Bissau_%282%29.jpg/330px-Pal%C3%A1cio_Presidencial_em_Bissau_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Pal%C3%A1cio_Presidencial_em_Bissau_%282%29.jpg/440px-Pal%C3%A1cio_Presidencial_em_Bissau_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Presidential Palace of Guinea-Bissau</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fernanda_Nossa,_Guinea-Bissau,_photo_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fernanda_Nossa%2C_Guinea-Bissau%2C_photo_3.jpg/220px-Fernanda_Nossa%2C_Guinea-Bissau%2C_photo_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fernanda_Nossa%2C_Guinea-Bissau%2C_photo_3.jpg/220px-Fernanda_Nossa%2C_Guinea-Bissau%2C_photo_3.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fernanda_Nossa%2C_Guinea-Bissau%2C_photo_3.jpg/330px-Fernanda_Nossa%2C_Guinea-Bissau%2C_photo_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fernanda_Nossa%2C_Guinea-Bissau%2C_photo_3.jpg/440px-Fernanda_Nossa%2C_Guinea-Bissau%2C_photo_3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Public Order Police officer during a parade in Guinea-Bissau</figcaption></figure> Guinea-Bissau is a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-USDOS-71">[69]</a> In the past, the government had been highly centralized. Multi-party governance was not established until mid-1991.<a href="#cite_note-USDOS-71">[69]</a> The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Guinea-Bissau">president</a> is the head of state and the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau">prime minister</a> is the head of government. From independence in 1974, until <a href="/wiki/Jose_Mario_Vaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Mario Vaz">Jose Mario Vaz</a> ended his five-year term as president on 24 June 2019, no president successfully served a full five-year term.<a href="#cite_note-aa.com.tr-58">[56]</a> At the legislative level, a unicameral Assembleia Nacional Popular (<a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Assembly_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="National People's Assembly of Guinea-Bissau">National People's Assembly</a>) is made up of 100 members. They are popularly elected from multi-member constituencies to serve a four-year term. The judicial system is headed by a Tribunal Supremo da Justiça (Supreme Court), made up of nine justices appointed by the president; they serve at the pleasure of the president.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> The two main political parties are the PAIGC (<a href="/wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde" title="African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde">African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde</a>) and the PRS (<a href="/wiki/Party_for_Social_Renewal" title="Party for Social Renewal">Party for Social Renewal</a>). There are more than 20 minor parties.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Foreign relations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Foreign relations of Guinea-Bissau">Foreign relations of Guinea-Bissau</a></div> Guinea-Bissau is a founding member state of the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a> (CPLP), also known as the Lusophone Commonwealth, an international organisation and political association of <a href="/wiki/Lusophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophone">Lusophone</a> nations where <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> is an official language.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Military" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Guinea-Bissau">Military of Guinea-Bissau</a></div> A 2019 estimate put the size of the Guinea-Bissau Armed Forces at around 4,400 personnel and military spending is less than 2% of GDP.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> In 2018, Guinea-Bissau signed the UN <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Regions of Guinea-Bissau">Regions of Guinea-Bissau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sectors_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Sectors of Guinea-Bissau">Sectors of Guinea-Bissau</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-left" typeof="mw:File"><noscript><img alt="A clickable map of Guinea-Bissau exhibiting its eight regions and one autonomous sector." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Guinea_Bissau_regions_named.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="236" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="236" usemap="#ImageMap_b9d22b458b388ffa" resource="/wiki/File:Guinea_Bissau_regions_named.png"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 400px;height: 236px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Guinea_Bissau_regions_named.png" data-alt="A clickable map of Guinea-Bissau exhibiting its eight regions and one autonomous sector." data-width="400" data-height="236" data-class="mw-file-element" data-usemap="#ImageMap_b9d22b458b388ffa"> <map name="ImageMap_b9d22b458b388ffa"><area href="/wiki/Bafat%C3%A1_region" shape="rect" coords="226,59,289,97" alt="Bafatá region" title="Bafatá region"><area href="/wiki/Biombo_region" shape="rect" coords="274,163,363,183" alt="Biombo region" title="Biombo region"><area href="/wiki/Biombo_region" shape="rect" coords="116,95,132,120" alt="Biombo region" title="Biombo region"><area href="/wiki/Bissau_region" shape="rect" coords="273,188,360,200" alt="Bissau region" title="Bissau region"><area href="/wiki/Bissau_region" shape="rect" coords="138,98,154,117" alt="Bissau region" title="Bissau region"><area href="/wiki/Bolama_region" shape="rect" coords="15,158,85,190" alt="Bolama region" title="Bolama region"><area href="/wiki/Cacheu_region" shape="rect" coords="60,55,136,87" alt="Cacheu region" title="Cacheu region"><area href="/wiki/Gab%C3%BA_region" shape="rect" coords="302,57,356,86" alt="Gabú region" title="Gabú region"><area href="/wiki/Oio_region" shape="rect" coords="168,46,205,80" alt="Oio region" title="Oio region"><area href="/wiki/Quinara_region" shape="rect" coords="273,203,368,223" alt="Quinara region" title="Quinara region"><area href="/wiki/Quinara_region" shape="rect" coords="220,126,238,149" alt="Quinara region" title="Quinara region"><area href="/wiki/Tombali_region" shape="rect" coords="184,166,249,195" alt="Tombali region" title="Tombali region"></map><figcaption>A clickable map of Guinea-Bissau exhibiting its eight regions and one autonomous sector.</figcaption></figure> Guinea-Bissau is divided into eight <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Regions of Guinea-Bissau">regions</a> (regiões) and one <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_entity" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous entity">autonomous</a> <a href="/wiki/Sectors_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Sectors of Guinea-Bissau">sector</a> (sector autónomo).<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> These, in turn, are subdivided into 37 <a href="/wiki/Sectors_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Sectors of Guinea-Bissau">Sectors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WorldAtlas-77">[75]</a> The regions are:<a href="#cite_note-WorldAtlas-77">[75]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bafat%C3%A1_region" title="Bafatá region">Bafatá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biombo_region" title="Biombo region">Biombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissau_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Bissau region">Bissau</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[c]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolama_region" title="Bolama region">Bolama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacheu_region" title="Cacheu region">Cacheu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab%C3%BA_region" title="Gabú region">Gabú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oio_region" title="Oio region">Oio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinara_region" title="Quinara region">Quinara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombali_region" title="Tombali region">Tombali</a></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌɡɪni bɪˈsaʊ/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/ce\/En-us-Guinea-Bissau.ogg\/En-us-Guinea-Bissau.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Guinea-Bissau.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/En-us-Guinea-Bissau.ogg/En-us-Guinea-Bissau.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Guinea-Bissau.ogg" title="File:En-us-Guinea-Bissau.ogg">ⓘ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: Guiné-Bissau; <a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fula</a>: 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮, romanized: Gine-Bisaawo; <a href="/wiki/Mandinka_language" title="Mandinka language">Mandinka</a>: ߖߌ߬ߣߍ߫ ߓߌߛߊߥߏ߫ Gine-Bisawo </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Portuguese: República da Guiné-Bissau <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ ðɐ ɣiˈnɛ βiˈsaw]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">Autonomous</a> sector. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Geography of Guinea-Bissau">Geography of Guinea-Bissau</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lagoa_com_hipop%C3%B3tamos_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lagoa_com_hipop%C3%B3tamos_01.jpg/230px-Lagoa_com_hipop%C3%B3tamos_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="129" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 230px;height: 129px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lagoa_com_hipop%C3%B3tamos_01.jpg/230px-Lagoa_com_hipop%C3%B3tamos_01.jpg" data-width="230" data-height="129" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lagoa_com_hipop%C3%B3tamos_01.jpg/345px-Lagoa_com_hipop%C3%B3tamos_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lagoa_com_hipop%C3%B3tamos_01.jpg/460px-Lagoa_com_hipop%C3%B3tamos_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Rare salt water <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus">hippopotamuses</a> on <a href="/wiki/Orango" title="Orango">Orango Island</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CaravelaIvybeach1p.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/CaravelaIvybeach1p.jpg/230px-CaravelaIvybeach1p.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 230px;height: 173px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/CaravelaIvybeach1p.jpg/230px-CaravelaIvybeach1p.jpg" data-width="230" data-height="173" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/CaravelaIvybeach1p.jpg/345px-CaravelaIvybeach1p.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/CaravelaIvybeach1p.jpg/460px-CaravelaIvybeach1p.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Caravela, Bissagos Islands</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20130611-DSC_9018_(9290631541)_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/20130611-DSC_9018_%289290631541%29_%282%29.jpg/230px-20130611-DSC_9018_%289290631541%29_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 230px;height: 152px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/20130611-DSC_9018_%289290631541%29_%282%29.jpg/230px-20130611-DSC_9018_%289290631541%29_%282%29.jpg" data-width="230" data-height="152" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/20130611-DSC_9018_%289290631541%29_%282%29.jpg/345px-20130611-DSC_9018_%289290631541%29_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/20130611-DSC_9018_%289290631541%29_%282%29.jpg/460px-20130611-DSC_9018_%289290631541%29_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Typical scenery in Guinea-Bissau</figcaption></figure> Guinea-Bissau is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> to the north and <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> to the south and east,<a href="#cite_note-WorldAtlas-77">[75]</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> to its west.<a href="#cite_note-WorldAtlas-77">[75]</a> It lies mostly between latitudes <a href="/wiki/11th_parallel_north" title="11th parallel north">11°</a> and <a href="/wiki/13th_parallel_north" title="13th parallel north">13°N</a> (a small area is south of 11°), and longitudes <a href="/wiki/11th_meridian_west" title="11th meridian west">11°</a> and <a href="/wiki/15th_meridian_west" title="15th meridian west">15°W</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a> At 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-WorldAtlas-77">[75]</a> the country is larger in size than <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>. The highest point is <a href="/wiki/Monte_Torin" title="Monte Torin">Monte Torin</a> with an elevation of 262 metres (860 ft). Its terrain is mostly low coastal plains with swamps of the <a href="/wiki/Guinean_mangroves" title="Guinean mangroves">Guinean mangroves</a> rising to the <a href="/wiki/Guinean_forest%E2%80%93savanna_mosaic" title="Guinean forest–savanna mosaic">Guinean forest–savanna mosaic</a> in the east.<a href="#cite_note-cia-80">[77]</a> Its <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a>-like rainy season alternates with periods of hot, dry <a href="/wiki/Harmattan" title="Harmattan">harmattan</a> winds blowing from the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bijagos_Archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Bijagos Archipelago">Bijagos Archipelago</a> lies off of the mainland.<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> The country is home to two ecoregions: <a href="/wiki/Guinean_forest%E2%80%93savanna_mosaic" title="Guinean forest–savanna mosaic">Guinean forest–savanna mosaic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guinean_mangroves" title="Guinean mangroves">Guinean mangroves</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Guinea-Bissau">Climate of Guinea-Bissau</a></div> Guinea-Bissau is warm all year round with mild temperature fluctuations; it averages 26.3 °C (79.3 °F). The average rainfall for Bissau is 2,024 millimetres (79.7 in), although this is almost entirely accounted for during the rainy season which falls between June and September/October. From December through April, the country experiences drought.<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Economy of Guinea-Bissau">Economy of Guinea-Bissau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Mining industry of Guinea-Bissau">Mining industry of Guinea-Bissau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Tourism in Guinea-Bissau">Tourism in Guinea-Bissau</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guinea-Bissau_Product_Exports_(2019).svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Guinea-Bissau_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/290px-Guinea-Bissau_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="189" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="715"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 290px;height: 189px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Guinea-Bissau_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/290px-Guinea-Bissau_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png" data-width="290" data-height="189" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Guinea-Bissau_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/435px-Guinea-Bissau_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Guinea-Bissau_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/580px-Guinea-Bissau_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A proportional representation of Guinea-Bissau exports, 2019</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banco_Centra_Da_Guine_Bissau.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Banco_Centra_Da_Guine_Bissau.JPG/220px-Banco_Centra_Da_Guine_Bissau.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1319" data-file-height="956"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 159px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Banco_Centra_Da_Guine_Bissau.JPG/220px-Banco_Centra_Da_Guine_Bissau.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="159" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Banco_Centra_Da_Guine_Bissau.JPG/330px-Banco_Centra_Da_Guine_Bissau.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Banco_Centra_Da_Guine_Bissau.JPG/440px-Banco_Centra_Da_Guine_Bissau.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Seat of the Central Bank of Guinea-Bissau</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Posto_Galp_em_S%C3%A3o_Domingos,_Guin%C3%A9_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Posto_Galp_em_S%C3%A3o_Domingos%2C_Guin%C3%A9_%281%29.jpg/220px-Posto_Galp_em_S%C3%A3o_Domingos%2C_Guin%C3%A9_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Posto_Galp_em_S%C3%A3o_Domingos%2C_Guin%C3%A9_%281%29.jpg/220px-Posto_Galp_em_S%C3%A3o_Domingos%2C_Guin%C3%A9_%281%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Posto_Galp_em_S%C3%A3o_Domingos%2C_Guin%C3%A9_%281%29.jpg/330px-Posto_Galp_em_S%C3%A3o_Domingos%2C_Guin%C3%A9_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Posto_Galp_em_S%C3%A3o_Domingos%2C_Guin%C3%A9_%281%29.jpg/440px-Posto_Galp_em_S%C3%A3o_Domingos%2C_Guin%C3%A9_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Petrol station in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Domingos_(Guinea-Bissau)" title="São Domingos (Guinea-Bissau)">São Domingos</a></figcaption></figure> Guinea-Bissau's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">GDP per capita</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a> are among the lowest in the world. More than two-thirds of the population lives below the poverty line.<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> The economy depends mainly on agriculture; fish, <a href="/wiki/Cashew_nuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Cashew nuts">cashew nuts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bambara_groundnut" class="mw-redirect" title="Bambara groundnut">ground nuts</a> are its major exports.<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> A long period of political instability has resulted in depressed economic activity, deteriorating social conditions, and increased macroeconomic imbalances. It takes longer on average to register a new business in Guinea-Bissau (233 days or about 33 weeks) than in any other country in the world except <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> Guinea-Bissau has started to show some economic advances after a pact of stability was signed by the main political parties of the country, leading to an <a href="/wiki/IMF" class="mw-redirect" title="IMF">IMF</a>-backed structural reform program.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> After several years of economic downturn and political instability, in 1997, Guinea-Bissau entered the <a href="/wiki/CFA_franc" title="CFA franc">CFA franc</a> monetary system, bringing about some internal monetary stability.<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Civil_War" title="Guinea-Bissau Civil War">civil war</a> from 1998 to 1999, and <a href="/wiki/2003_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2003 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état">a military coup</a> in September 2003, again disrupted economic activity, leaving a substantial part of the economic and social infrastructure in ruins and intensifying the already widespread poverty. Following the parliamentary elections in March 2004 and presidential elections in July 2005, the country is trying to recover from the long period of instability, despite a still-fragile political situation.<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> Beginning around 2005, drug traffickers based in Latin America began to use Guinea-Bissau, along with several neighbouring West African nations, as a transshipment point to Europe for <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> The nation was described by a United Nations official as being at risk for becoming a "<a href="/wiki/Narco-state" title="Narco-state">narco-state</a>".<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a> The government and the military have done little to stop drug trafficking, which increased after the <a href="/wiki/2012_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2012 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état">2012 coup d'état</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> The government of Guinea-Bissau continues to be ravaged by illegal drug distribution, according to <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a> Guinea-Bissau is a member of the Organization for the Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa (<a href="/wiki/OHADA" title="OHADA">OHADA</a>).<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Society">Society</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Society" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Demographics of Guinea-Bissau">Demographics of Guinea-Bissau</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:333px;max-width:333px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Population_Guinea-Bissau_1950-2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Population Guinea-Bissau 1950–2020" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Population_Guinea-Bissau_1950-2020.jpg/175px-Population_Guinea-Bissau_1950-2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="114" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="289"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 175px;height: 114px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Population_Guinea-Bissau_1950-2020.jpg/175px-Population_Guinea-Bissau_1950-2020.jpg" data-alt="Population Guinea-Bissau 1950–2020" data-width="175" data-height="114" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Population_Guinea-Bissau_1950-2020.jpg/263px-Population_Guinea-Bissau_1950-2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Population_Guinea-Bissau_1950-2020.jpg/350px-Population_Guinea-Bissau_1950-2020.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyramide_Guinee-Bissau.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pyramide_Guinee-Bissau.PNG/150px-Pyramide_Guinee-Bissau.PNG" decoding="async" width="150" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="625"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 104px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pyramide_Guinee-Bissau.PNG/150px-Pyramide_Guinee-Bissau.PNG" data-alt="" data-width="150" data-height="104" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pyramide_Guinee-Bissau.PNG/225px-Pyramide_Guinee-Bissau.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pyramide_Guinee-Bissau.PNG/300px-Pyramide_Guinee-Bissau.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">(Left) Guinea-Bissau's population between 1950 and 2020. (Right) Guinea-Bissau's <a href="/wiki/Population_pyramid" title="Population pyramid">population pyramid</a>, 2005. In 2010, 41.3% of Guinea-Bissau's population were aged under 15.<a href="#cite_note-WPP_2010-95">[92]</a></div></div></div></div> According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects<a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-96">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-97">[94]</a>, Guinea-Bissau's population was 2,060,721 in 2021, compared to 518,000 in 1950. The proportion of the population below the age of 15 in 2010 was 41.3%, 55.4% were aged between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% were aged 65 years or older.<a href="#cite_note-WPP_2010-95">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Groups_of_Guinea-Bissau.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ethnic_Groups_of_Guinea-Bissau.png/220px-Ethnic_Groups_of_Guinea-Bissau.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="567"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 156px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ethnic_Groups_of_Guinea-Bissau.png/220px-Ethnic_Groups_of_Guinea-Bissau.png" data-width="220" data-height="156" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ethnic_Groups_of_Guinea-Bissau.png/330px-Ethnic_Groups_of_Guinea-Bissau.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ethnic_Groups_of_Guinea-Bissau.png/440px-Ethnic_Groups_of_Guinea-Bissau.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Major Ethnic Groups of Guinea-Bissau as of 2009. All red spots excluding in the northeast are cities.</figcaption></figure> <div class="barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Ethnic groups in Guinea-Bissau<a href="#cite_note-Censo2009-98">[95]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Ethnic groups</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkgreen; width:28.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">28.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Balanta_people" title="Balanta people">Balanta</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:22.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">22.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Mandinka</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:14.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">14.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Papel_people" title="Papel people">Papel</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:9.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">9.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Manjack_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Manjack people">Manjaca</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:8.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Beafada_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Beafada people">Beafada</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkblue; width:3.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Mancanha_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mancanha people">Mancanha</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:3.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bijag%C3%B3s_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bijagós people (page does not exist)">Bijagós</a> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijag%C3%B3s" class="extiw" title="pt:Bijagós">pt</a>]</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:maroon; width:2.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Jola_people" title="Jola people">Felupe</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkgray; width:1.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansoanca_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mansoanca people (page does not exist)">Mansoanca</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:gray; width:1.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Balanta_Mane_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Balanta Mane people">Balanta Mane</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:tan; width:1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Nalu_people" title="Nalu people">Nalu</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:lime; width:0.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Soninke_people" title="Soninke people">Saracule</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Violet; width:0.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sosso_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosso people">Sosso</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkgreen; width:0.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Not Stated</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:2.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.2%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geographic_location_of_Guinea-Bissau_and_present-day_settlement_pattern_of_the_ethnic_groups.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Geographic_location_of_Guinea-Bissau_and_present-day_settlement_pattern_of_the_ethnic_groups.jpg/260px-Geographic_location_of_Guinea-Bissau_and_present-day_settlement_pattern_of_the_ethnic_groups.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="114" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="526"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 114px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Geographic_location_of_Guinea-Bissau_and_present-day_settlement_pattern_of_the_ethnic_groups.jpg/260px-Geographic_location_of_Guinea-Bissau_and_present-day_settlement_pattern_of_the_ethnic_groups.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="114" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Geographic_location_of_Guinea-Bissau_and_present-day_settlement_pattern_of_the_ethnic_groups.jpg/390px-Geographic_location_of_Guinea-Bissau_and_present-day_settlement_pattern_of_the_ethnic_groups.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Geographic_location_of_Guinea-Bissau_and_present-day_settlement_pattern_of_the_ethnic_groups.jpg/520px-Geographic_location_of_Guinea-Bissau_and_present-day_settlement_pattern_of_the_ethnic_groups.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Guinea-Bissau present-day settlement pattern of the ethnic groups</figcaption></figure> The population of Guinea-Bissau is ethnically diverse and has many distinct languages, customs, and social structures.<a href="#cite_note-USDOS-71">[69]</a> Bissau-Guineans can be divided into the following ethnic groups:<a href="#cite_note-USDOS-71">[69]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mandinka_language" title="Mandinka language">Mandinka</a>-speaking people, who constitute the largest portion of the population and are concentrated in the north and northeast;<a href="#cite_note-USDOS-71">[69]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanta_people" title="Balanta people">Balanta</a> and Papel people, who live in the southern coastal regions;<a href="#cite_note-USDOS-71">[69]</a> and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjak_people" title="Manjak people">Manjaco</a> and Mancanha, who occupy the central and northern coastal areas.<a href="#cite_note-USDOS-71">[69]</a></li></ul> Most of the remainder are <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">mestiços</a> of mixed <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> and African descent.<a href="#cite_note-cciei.org-99">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> Portuguese natives are a very small percentage of Bissau-Guineans.<a href="#cite_note-cciei.org-99">[96]</a> After Guinea-Bissau gained independence, most of the Portuguese nationals left the country. The country has a tiny <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">Chinese</a> population.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Cantonese ancestry from the former Asian <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> colony of <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cciei.org-99">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_cities">Major cities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Major cities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Main <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="List of cities in Guinea-Bissau">cities in Guinea-Bissau</a> include:<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Rank</th> <th rowspan="2">City</th> <th colspan="2">Population </th></tr> <tr> <th>2015 estimate</th> <th>Region </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a></td> <td align="right">492,004</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bissau_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Bissau region">Bissau</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gab%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabú">Gabú</a></td> <td align="right">48,670</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gab%C3%BA_region" title="Gabú region">Gabú</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bafat%C3%A1" title="Bafatá">Bafatá</a></td> <td align="right">37,985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bafat%C3%A1_region" title="Bafatá region">Bafatá</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bissor%C3%A3" title="Bissorã">Bissorã</a></td> <td align="right">29,468</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oio_region" title="Oio region">Oio</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolama_(town)" title="Bolama (town)">Bolama</a></td> <td align="right">16,216</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolama_region" title="Bolama region">Bolama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cacheu" title="Cacheu">Cacheu</a></td> <td align="right">14,320</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cacheu_region" title="Cacheu region">Cacheu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bubaque" title="Bubaque">Bubaque</a></td> <td align="right">12,922</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolama_region" title="Bolama region">Bolama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cati%C3%B3" title="Catió">Catió</a></td> <td align="right">11,498</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tombali_region" title="Tombali region">Tombali</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mans%C3%B4a" title="Mansôa">Mansôa</a></td> <td align="right">9,198</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oio_region" title="Oio region">Oio</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buba" title="Buba">Buba</a></td> <td align="right">8,993</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quinara_region" title="Quinara region">Quinara</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Languages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Languages of Guinea-Bissau">Languages of Guinea-Bissau</a></div> <div class="barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Languages in Guinea-Bissau<a href="#cite_note-Censo2009-98">[95]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Languages</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Portuguese Creole</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:90.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">90.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Portuguese</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkgreen; width:32.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">32.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Fula</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#EFCC00; width:16.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">16.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Balanta</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FFEF00; width:14.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">14.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">French</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:7.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Mandinka</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FFFF00; width:7.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Manjak</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FCE883; width:5.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Papel</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#EEED09; width:3.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">English</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:2.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Felupe</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FADA5E; width:1.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Spanish</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:0.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Russian</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkblue; width:0.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.1%</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:gray; width:1.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.8%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voter_education_for_guinea_bissau_elections_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Voter_education_for_guinea_bissau_elections_2008.jpg/220px-Voter_education_for_guinea_bissau_elections_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Voter_education_for_guinea_bissau_elections_2008.jpg/220px-Voter_education_for_guinea_bissau_elections_2008.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Voter_education_for_guinea_bissau_elections_2008.jpg/330px-Voter_education_for_guinea_bissau_elections_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Voter_education_for_guinea_bissau_elections_2008.jpg/440px-Voter_education_for_guinea_bissau_elections_2008.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Voter education posters in <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Creole" title="Guinea-Bissau Creole">Kriol</a> for <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_legislative_election,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea-Bissau legislative election, 2008">Guinea-Bissau legislative election, 2008</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biombo_region" title="Biombo region">Biombo region</a></figcaption></figure> Though a small country, Guinea-Bissau has several ethnic groups which are very distinct from each other, with their own cultures and languages. This is due to Guinea-Bissau being a refugee and migration territory within Africa. Colonisation and racial intermixing brought Portuguese and the Portuguese creole known as <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Creole" title="Guinea-Bissau Creole">Kriol</a> or crioulo.<a href="#cite_note-barbosa-103">[100]</a> The sole official language of Guinea-Bissau since independence, Standard <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> is spoken mostly as a second language, with few native speakers and its use is often confined to the intellectual and political elites. It is the language of government and national communication as a legacy of colonial rule. Schooling from the primary to tertiary levels is conducted in Portuguese, although only 67% of children have access to any formal education. Data suggests that the number of Portuguese speakers ranges from 11 to 15%.<a href="#cite_note-cciei.org-99">[96]</a> In the latest census (2009) 27.1% of the population claimed to speak non-creole Portuguese (46.3% of city dwellers and 14.7% of the rural population, respectively).<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> Portuguese creole is spoken by 44% of the population and is effectively the lingua franca among distinct groups for most of the population.<a href="#cite_note-cciei.org-99">[96]</a> Creole's usage is still expanding, and it is understood by the vast majority of the population. However, <a href="/wiki/Decreolisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Decreolisation">decreolisation</a> processes are occurring, due to undergoing interference from Standard Portuguese and the creole forms a continuum of varieties with the standard language, the most distant are <a href="/wiki/Basilect" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilect">basilects</a> and the closer ones, <a href="/wiki/Acrolect" class="mw-redirect" title="Acrolect">acrolects</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Post-creole_continuum" title="Post-creole continuum">post-creole continuum</a> exists in Guinea-Bissau and crioulo 'leve' ('soft' creole) variety being closer to the Portuguese-language norm.<a href="#cite_note-barbosa-103">[100]</a> The remaining rural population speaks a variety of native African languages unique to each ethnicity: <a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fula</a> (16%), <a href="/wiki/Balanta_languages" title="Balanta languages">Balanta</a> (14%), <a href="/wiki/Mandinka_language" title="Mandinka language">Mandinka</a> (7%), <a href="/wiki/Manjak_language" title="Manjak language">Manjak</a> (5%), Papel (3%), Felupe (1%), Beafada (0.7%), Bijagó (0.3%), and Nalu (0.1%), which form the ethnic African languages spoken by the population.<a href="#cite_note-barbosa-103">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> Most Portuguese and Mestiços speakers also have one of the African languages and Kriol as additional languages. Ethnic African languages are not discouraged, in any situation, despite their lower prestige. These languages are the link between individuals of the same ethnic background and daily used in villages, between neighbours or friends, traditional and religious ceremonies, and also used in contact between the urban and rural populations. However, none of these languages are dominant in Guinea-Bissau.<a href="#cite_note-barbosa-103">[100]</a> French is taught as a foreign language in schools, because Guinea-Bissau is surrounded by French-speaking nations.<a href="#cite_note-cciei.org-99">[96]</a> Guinea-Bissau is a full member of the <a href="/wiki/Francophonie" title="Francophonie">Francophonie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Religion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Religion in Guinea-Bissau">Religion in Guinea-Bissau</a></div> <div class="barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Guinea-Bissau (CIA, 2020 est.)<a href="#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Islam in Guinea-Bissau">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:46.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">46.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religions</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:30.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">30.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Christianity in Guinea-Bissau">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:18.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">18.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other/unaffiliated</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:yellow; width:4.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.4%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> Various studies suggest that slightly less than half of the population of Guinea-Bissau is Muslim, while substantial minorities follow <a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">folk religions</a> or Christianity. The CIA World Factbook's 2020 estimate stated that the population was 46.1% Muslim, 30.6% following folk religions, 18.9% Christian, 4.4% other or unaffiliated.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> In 2010, a Pew Research survey determined that the population was 45.1% Muslim and 19.7% Christian, with 30.9% practicing folk religion and 4.3 other faiths.<a href="#cite_note-Pew-2010-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> A 2015 Pew-Templeton study found that the population was 45.1% Muslim, 30.9% practicing folk religions, 19.7% Christian, and 4.3% unaffiliated.<a href="#cite_note-GRF-108">[105]</a> The ARDA projected in 2020 the share of the Muslim population to be 44.7%. It also estimated 41.2% of the population to be practitioners of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">ethnic religions</a> and 13% to be Christians.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bafata1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bafata1.jpg/220px-Bafata1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bafata1.jpg/220px-Bafata1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bafata1.jpg/330px-Bafata1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bafata1.jpg/440px-Bafata1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Men in Islamic garb, <a href="/wiki/Bafat%C3%A1" title="Bafatá">Bafatá</a>, Guinea-Bissau</figcaption></figure> Concerning religious identity among Muslims, a Pew report determined that in Guinea-Bissau there is no prevailing sectarian identity. Guinea-Bissau shared this distinction with other Sub-Saharan countries like Tanzania, Uganda, Liberia, Nigeria and Cameroon.<a href="#cite_note-pewformus-110">[107]</a>This Pew research also stated that countries in this specific study that declared to not have any clear dominant sectarian identity were mostly concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa.<a href="#cite_note-pewformus-110">[107]</a> Another Pew report, The Future of World Religions, predicts that from 2010 to 2050, practitioners of Islam will increase their share of the population in Guinea-Bissau.<a href="#cite_note-GRF-108">[105]</a> Many residents practice <a href="/wiki/Religious_syncretism" title="Religious syncretism">syncretic</a> forms of Islamic and Christian faiths, combining their practices with traditional African beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-cia-80">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> Muslims dominate the north and east, while Christians dominate the south and coastal regions. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> claims most of the Christian community.<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> The 2021 US Department of State Report on International Religious Freedom<a href="#cite_note-stated-113">[110]</a> mentions the fact that leaders of different religious communities believe that the existing communities are essentially tolerant, but express some concerns about rising religious fundamentalism in the country. An incident in July 2022, when a Catholic church in the overwhelmingly Muslim region of Gabú was vandalised, raised concern amongst the Christian community that Islamic extremism might be infiltrating the country. However, there have been no further similar incidents, and no direct links to Islamic extremists have surfaced.<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Education in Guinea-Bissau">Education in Guinea-Bissau</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Universidade_Lus%C3%B3fona,_Bissau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Universidade_Lus%C3%B3fona%2C_Bissau.jpg/200px-Universidade_Lus%C3%B3fona%2C_Bissau.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 113px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Universidade_Lus%C3%B3fona%2C_Bissau.jpg/200px-Universidade_Lus%C3%B3fona%2C_Bissau.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="113" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Universidade_Lus%C3%B3fona%2C_Bissau.jpg/300px-Universidade_Lus%C3%B3fona%2C_Bissau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Universidade_Lus%C3%B3fona%2C_Bissau.jpg/400px-Universidade_Lus%C3%B3fona%2C_Bissau.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Ungdomsbiblioteket_Bissau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ungdomsbiblioteket_Bissau.jpg/200px-Ungdomsbiblioteket_Bissau.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ungdomsbiblioteket_Bissau.jpg/200px-Ungdomsbiblioteket_Bissau.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ungdomsbiblioteket_Bissau.jpg/300px-Ungdomsbiblioteket_Bissau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ungdomsbiblioteket_Bissau.jpg/400px-Ungdomsbiblioteket_Bissau.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Lus%C3%B3fona" title="Universidade Lusófona">Universidade Lusófona</a> of Bissau (up). Students at Biblioteca Jovem, Bairro da Ajuda, in Guinea-Bissau. (down)</div></div></div></div></div> Education is compulsory from the age of 7 to 13.<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> Pre-school education for children between three and six years of age is optional and in its early stages. There are five levels of education: pre-school, elemental and complementary basic education, general and complementary secondary education, general secondary education, technical and professional teaching, and higher education (university and non-universities). Basic education is under reform, and now forms a single cycle, comprising six years of education. Secondary education is widely available and there are two cycles (7th to 9th classe and 10th to 11th classe). Professional education in public institutions is nonoperational, however private school offerings opened, including the Centro de Formação São João Bosco (since 2004) and the Centro de Formação Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (since 2011).<a href="#cite_note-barbosa-103">[100]</a> Higher education is limited and most prefer to be educated abroad, with students preferring to enroll in Portugal.<a href="#cite_note-barbosa-103">[100]</a> A <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="List of universities in Guinea-Bissau">number of universities</a>, to which an institutionally autonomous Faculty of Law as well as a Faculty of Medicine that is maintained by Cuba and functions in different cities. <a href="/wiki/Child_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Child labor">Child labor</a> is very common.<a href="#cite_note-ilab-116">[113]</a> The enrollment of boys is higher than that of girls. In 1998, the gross primary enrollment rate was 53.5%, with higher enrollment ratio for males (67.7%) compared to females (40%).<a href="#cite_note-ilab-116">[113]</a> Non-formal education is centered on community schools and the teaching of adults.<a href="#cite_note-barbosa-103">[100]</a> In 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Literacy_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Literacy rate">literacy rate</a> was estimated at 55.3% (68.9% male, and 42.1% female).<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflicts">Conflicts</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Conflicts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Usually, the many different ethnic groups in Guinea-Bissau coexist peacefully, but when conflicts do erupt, they tend to revolve around access to land.<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Guinea-Bissau">Media of Guinea-Bissau</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Music" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Music of Guinea-Bissau">Music of Guinea-Bissau</a></div> The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the <a href="/wiki/Polyrhythm" title="Polyrhythm">polyrhythmic</a> <a href="/wiki/Gumbe" title="Gumbe">gumbe</a> <a href="/wiki/Musical_genre" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical genre">genre</a>, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cabasa" title="Cabasa">cabasa</a> is the primary <a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">musical instrument</a> of Guinea-Bissau,<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> and is used in extremely swift and rhythmically complex <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a>. Lyrics are almost always in <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Creole" title="Guinea-Bissau Creole">Guinea-Bissau Creole</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole language</a>, and are often humorous and topical, revolving around current events and controversies.<a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> The word gumbe is sometimes used generically, to refer to any music of the country, although it most specifically refers to a unique style that fuses about ten of the country's <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> traditions.<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a> <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Music of Guinea-Bissau">Tina and tinga</a> are other popular genres, while extent folk traditions include ceremonial music used in funerals, <a href="/wiki/Initiation" title="Initiation">initiations</a>, and other rituals, as well as <a href="/wiki/Balanta_people" title="Balanta people">Balanta</a> brosca and kussundé, <a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Mandinga</a> djambadon, and the kundere sound of the <a href="/wiki/Bissagos_Islands" title="Bissagos Islands">Bissagos Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Cuisine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Guinea-Bissau">Cuisine of Guinea-Bissau</a></div> Common dishes include <a href="/wiki/Soup" title="Soup">soups</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stew" title="Stew">stews</a>. Common ingredients include <a href="/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)" title="Yam (vegetable)">yams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">sweet potato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a>, onion, tomato, and <a href="/wiki/Cooking_banana" title="Cooking banana">plantain</a>. Spices, peppers, and chilis are used in cooking, including <a href="/wiki/Aframomum_melegueta" class="mw-redirect" title="Aframomum melegueta">Aframomum melegueta</a> seeds (Guinea pepper).<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Film" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Flora_Gomes" title="Flora Gomes">Flora Gomes</a> is an internationally renowned film director; his most famous film is <a href="/wiki/Nha_Fala" class="mw-redirect" title="Nha Fala">Nha Fala</a> (English: My Voice).<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> Gomes's <a href="/wiki/Mortu_Nega" title="Mortu Nega">Mortu Nega</a> (Death Denied) (1988)<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> was the first fiction film and the second feature film ever made in Guinea-Bissau. (The first feature film was <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%27tturudu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N'tturudu (page does not exist)">N'tturudu</a>, by director <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umban_u%27Kest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umban u'Kest (page does not exist)">Umban u'Kest</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umba%C3%B1_U_Kset" class="extiw" title="fr:Umbañ U Kset">fr</a>] in 1987.) At <a href="/wiki/FESPACO" class="mw-redirect" title="FESPACO">FESPACO</a> 1989, Mortu Nega won the prestigious Oumarou Ganda Prize. In 1992, Gomes directed <a href="/wiki/Udju_Azul_di_Yonta" class="mw-redirect" title="Udju Azul di Yonta">Udju Azul di Yonta</a>,<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a> which was screened in the <a href="/wiki/Un_Certain_Regard" title="Un Certain Regard">Un Certain Regard</a> section at the <a href="/wiki/1992_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1992 Cannes Film Festival">1992 Cannes Film Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a> Gomes has also served on the boards of many Africa-centric film festivals.<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> The actress <a href="/wiki/Babetida_Sadjo" title="Babetida Sadjo">Babetida Sadjo</a> was born in <a href="/wiki/Bafat%C3%A1" title="Bafatá">Bafatá</a>, Guinea-Bissau.<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> is the most popular sport in Guinea-Bissau. The <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_national_football_team" title="Guinea-Bissau national football team">Guinea-Bissau national football team</a> is under the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Football_Federation_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Football Federation of Guinea-Bissau">Federação de Futebol da Guiné-Bissau</a>. They are a member of the <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_African_Football" title="Confederation of African Football">Confederation of African Football</a> (CAF) and FIFA.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" data-alt="map" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Outline of Guinea-Bissau">Outline of Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Guinea-Bissau-related_articles" title="Index of Guinea-Bissau-related articles">Index of Guinea-Bissau-related articles</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CIA-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-3">d</a> 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Retrieved 14 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Africa%3A+a+continent+drenched+in+the+blood+of+revolutionary+heroes&rft.date=2011-01-17&rft.aulast=Brittain&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2Fpoverty-matters%2F2011%2Fjan%2F17%2Flumumba-50th-anniversary-african-leaders-assassinations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinea-Bissau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenzinhoRosa2015" class="citation book cs1">Benzinho, Joana; Rosa, Marta (December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eeas.europa.eu/archives/delegations/guinea_bissau/documents/press_corner/20160215_guide_guinea_bissau_european_union_afectos_en.pdf">Discovering Guinea-Bissau</a> (PDF). NGO afectos com Letra. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-989-20-6315-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-989-20-6315-7"><bdi>978-989-20-6315-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170105234059/http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/delegations/guinea_bissau/documents/press_corner/20160215_guide_guinea_bissau_european_union_afectos_en.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 5 January 2017. 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Retrieved 22 June 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Lamalle2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Lamalle, Patrick (19 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309001139/https://www.rtbf.be/culture/dossier/tout-le-baz-art/detail%20babetida-sadjo-est-ce-que-vous-l-avez-vu?id=10050887">"Babetida Sadjo, est-ce que vous l'avez vu ?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RTBF" title="RTBF">RTBF</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rtbf.be/culture/dossier/tout-le-baz-art/detail%20babetida-sadjo-est-ce-que-vous-l-avez-vu?id=10050887">the original</a> on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RTBF&rft.atitle=Babetida+Sadjo%2C+est-ce+que+vous+l%27avez+vu+%3F&rft.date=2018-10-19&rft.aulast=de+Lamalle&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtbf.be%2Fculture%2Fdossier%2Ftout-le-baz-art%2Fdetail%2520babetida-sadjo-est-ce-que-vous-l-avez-vu%3Fid%3D10050887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinea-Bissau" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fifa.com/en/articles/caf-qualifying-draw-made-for-world-cup-26">"CAF qualifying draw made for FIFA World Cup 26™"</a>. FIFA. 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FIFA&rft.atitle=CAF+qualifying+draw+made+for+FIFA+World+Cup+26%E2%84%A2&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fen%2Farticles%2Fcaf-qualifying-draw-made-for-world-cup-26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinea-Bissau" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry1998" class="citation book cs1">Barry, Boubacar (1998). Senegambia and the Atlantic slave trade. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Senegambia+and+the+Atlantic+slave+trade&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=Boubacar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinea-Bissau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarence-Smith1975" class="citation book cs1">Clarence-Smith, W. G. (1975). The Third Portuguese Empire, 1825-1975. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Portuguese+Empire%2C+1825-1975&rft.place=Manchester%2C+UK&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Clarence-Smith&rft.aufirst=W.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinea-Bissau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHair2009" class="citation journal cs1">Hair, P.E.H. (22 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/179482.pdf">"Ethnolinguistic Continuity on the Guinea Coast"</a> (PDF). The Journal of African History. 8 (2): 247–268. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021853700007040">10.1017/S0021853700007040</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/179482">179482</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161528479">161528479</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+African+History&rft.atitle=Ethnolinguistic+Continuity+on+the+Guinea+Coast&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E247-%3C%2Fspan%3E268&rft.date=2009-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161528479%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F179482%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0021853700007040&rft.aulast=Hair&rft.aufirst=P.E.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fpdf%2F179482.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinea-Bissau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiane1989" class="citation book cs1">Niane, Djibril Tamsir (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pHCgAnkySJwC&q=Kikikor">Histoire des Mandingues de l'Ouest: le royaume du Gabou</a>. Paris: Karthala. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782865372362" title="Special:BookSources/9782865372362"><bdi>9782865372362</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+des+Mandingues+de+l%27Ouest%3A+le+royaume+du+Gabou&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Karthala&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9782865372362&rft.aulast=Niane&rft.aufirst=Djibril+Tamsir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpHCgAnkySJwC%26q%3DKikikor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinea-Bissau" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgilby1670" class="citation book cs1">Ogilby, John (1670). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A70735.0001.001/1:8?rgn=div1;view=toc">Africa: being an accurate description of the regions of Aegypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid, the land of Negroes, Guinee, Aethiopia, and the Abyssines, with all the adjacent islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern, or Oriental Sea, belonging thereunto: with the several denominations of their coasts, harbors, creeks, rivers, lakes, cities, towns, castles, and villages: their customs, modes, and manners, languages, religions, and inexhaustible treasure: with their governments and policy, variety of trade and barter, and also of their wonderful plants, beasts, birds, and serpents</a>. London: Printed by Tho. Johnson for the author. Retrieved 25 November 2022 – via Early English Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africa%3A+being+an+accurate+description+of+the+regions+of+Aegypt%2C+Barbary%2C+Lybia%2C+and+Billedulgerid%2C+the+land+of+Negroes%2C+Guinee%2C+Aethiopia%2C+and+the+Abyssines%2C+with+all+the+adjacent+islands%2C+either+in+the+Mediterranean%2C+Atlantick%2C+Southern%2C+or+Oriental+Sea%2C+belonging+thereunto%3A+with+the+several+denominations+of+their+coasts%2C+harbors%2C+creeks%2C+rivers%2C+lakes%2C+cities%2C+towns%2C+castles%2C+and+villages%3A+their+customs%2C+modes%2C+and+manners%2C+languages%2C+religions%2C+and+inexhaustible+treasure%3A+with+their+governments+and+policy%2C+variety+of+trade+and+barter%2C+and+also+of+their+wonderful+plants%2C+beasts%2C+birds%2C+and+serpents&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Printed+by+Tho.+Johnson+for+the+author&rft.date=1670&rft.aulast=Ogilby&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquod.lib.umich.edu%2Fe%2Feebo2%2FA70735.0001.001%2F1%3A8%3Frgn%3Ddiv1%3Bview%3Dtoc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinea-Bissau" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Attribution</dt></dl> <noscript><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" data-alt="Public Domain" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/copyright-and-contributors/">public domain material</a> from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuinea-Bissau" class="Z3988"> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Abdel Malek, K.,"Le processus d'accès à l'indépendance de la Guinée-Bissau", Bulletin de l'Association des Anciens Elèves de l'Institut National de Langues et de Cultures Orientales, No. 1, April 1998. pp. 53–60</li> <li>Forrest, Joshua B., Lineages of State Fragility. Rural Civil Society in Guinea-Bissau (Ohio University Press/James Currey Ltd., 2003)</li> <li>Galli, Rosemary E, Guinea Bissau: Politics, Economics and Society, Pinter Pub Ltd., 1987</li> <li>Lobban, Richard Andrew Jr., and Mendy, Peter Karibe, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, third edition (Scarecrow Press, 1997)</li> <li>Vigh, Henrik, Navigating Terrains of War: Youth And Soldiering in Guinea-Bissau, Berghahn Books, 2006</li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Guinea-Bissau at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Guinea-Bissau" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Guinea-Bissau">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="27" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Guin%C3%A9-Bissau" class="extiw" title="c:Guiné-Bissau">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="15" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Guinea-Bissau" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Guinea-Bissau">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="27" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Guinea-Bissau" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Guinea-Bissau">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="26" data-height="27" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Guinea-Bissau" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Guinea-Bissau">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Guinea-Bissau" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Guinea-Bissau">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="626" 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16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Guinea-Bissau">Wikimedia Atlas of Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.gw/">Official website</a>, Government of Guinea-Bissau</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1043287.stm">Country Profile</a> from <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecowap.ecowas.int/country/Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> profile from <a href="/wiki/ECOWAS" title="ECOWAS">ECOWAS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/248853/Guinea-Bissau/">Guinea-Bissau</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/where/guinea-bissau/">News headline links</a> from <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_Bissau" title="Guinea Bissau – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Guinea Bissau" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinee-Bissau" title="Guinee-Bissau – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Guinee-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8A%E1%8A%94-%E1%89%A2%E1%88%B3%E1%8B%8D" title="ጊኔ-ቢሳው – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጊኔ-ቢሳው" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89" title="गीनिया-बिसाउ – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="गीनिया-बिसाउ" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B0-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвинеиа-Бисау – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Гвинеиа-Бисау" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88" title="غينيا بيساو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غينيا بيساو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guin%C3%AA-Bissaou" title="Guinê-Bissaou – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Guinê-Bissaou" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bis%C3%A1u" title="Guinea-Bisáu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guinea-Bisáu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gin%C3%A9a_Mbis%C3%A1u" title="Ginéa Mbisáu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ginéa Mbisáu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qvineya-Bisau" title="Qvineya-Bisau – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qvineya-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="قینه بیسائو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قینه بیسائو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gine_Bisau" title="Gine Bisau – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Gine Bisau" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89" title="গিনি-বিসাউ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গিনি-বিসাউ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвинея-Бисау – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гвинея-Бисау" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F-%D0%91%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвінея-Бісау – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гвінея-Бісау" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%8F-%D0%91%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Гвінэя-Бісаў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гвінэя-Бісаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8A" title="गिनी-बिसाऊ – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गिनी-बिसाऊ" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guineya-Bisau" title="Guineya-Bisau – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Guineya-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini-Bisau" title="Gini-Bisau – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Gini-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвинея-Бисау – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гвинея-Бисау" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B-%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="གི་ནེ་-བི་སའོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གི་ནེ་-བི་སའོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvineja_Bisau" title="Gvineja Bisau – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gvineja Bisau" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginea-Bissau" title="Ginea-Bissau – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ginea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвиней-Биссау – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Гвиней-Биссау" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_Bissau" title="Guinea Bissau – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guinea Bissau" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвиней-Бисау – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гвиней-Бисау" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghini-Visawu" title="Ghini-Visawu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ghini-Visawu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_Bisaw" title="Gini Bisaw – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gini Bisaw" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%88" title="غينيا بيصاو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="غينيا بيصاو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8E%DE%A9%DE%82%DE%A9-%DE%84%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%A7%DE%87%DE%AB" title="ގީނީ-ބިސާއޫ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ގީނީ-ބިސާއޫ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guineja-Bissau" title="Guineja-Bissau – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Guineja-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89" title="गिनी बिसाउ – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="गिनी बिसाउ" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%B1-%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Γουινέα-Μπισάου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουινέα-Μπισάου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bis%C3%A1u" title="Guinea-Bisáu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guinea-Bisáu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvineo-Bisa%C5%ADo" title="Gvineo-Bisaŭo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gvineo-Bisaŭo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginea_Bissau" title="Ginea Bissau – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ginea Bissau" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_Bisao" title="Gini Bisao – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Gini Bisao" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="گینه بیسائو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گینه بیسائو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guin%C3%A9e-Bissau" title="Guinée-Bissau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guinée-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinee-Bissau" title="Guinee-Bissau – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Guinee-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gine-Bissaawo" title="Gine-Bissaawo – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Gine-Bissaawo" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guine_Bissau" title="Guine Bissau – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Guine Bissau" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Ghuinea-Bissau" title="Yn Ghuinea-Bissau – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Ghuinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvineya_Bissau" title="Gvineya Bissau – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Gvineya Bissau" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini-Bissau" title="Gini-Bissau – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gini-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8B%88%EB%B9%84%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%B0" title="기니비사우 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기니비사우" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gine-Bisau" title="Gine-Bisau – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gine-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1-%D4%B2%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Գվինեա-Բիսաու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գվինեա-Բիսաու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8A" title="गिनी-बिसाऊ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गिनी-बिसाऊ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gineja-Bissau" title="Gineja-Bissau – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Gineja-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvineja_Bisau" title="Gvineja Bisau – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gvineja Bisau" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bisau" title="Guinea-Bisau – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Guinea-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93" title="গিনি-বিসাও – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="গিনি-বিসাও" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвиней-Бисау – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гвиней-Бисау" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGini_Bisawu" title="IGini Bisawu – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IGini Bisawu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%ADnea-Biss%C3%A1" title="Gínea-Bissá – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gínea-Bissá" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%95" title="גינאה ביסאו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גינאה ביסאו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guin%C3%A9a-Bissau" title="Guinéa-Bissau – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Guinéa-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinee-P%C9%A9sa%CA%8A" title="Kinee-Pɩsaʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kinee-Pɩsaʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF-%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8C" title="ಗಿನಿ-ಬಿಸೌ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಿನಿ-ಬಿಸೌ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginea-Bis%C3%A1u" title="Ginea-Bisáu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ginea-Bisáu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%90-%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3" title="გვინეა-ბისაუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გვინეა-ბისაუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвинея-Бисау – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гвинея-Бисау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyni-Byssow" title="Gyni-Byssow – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gyni-Byssow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gineya-Biso" title="Gineya-Biso – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Gineya-Biso" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_Bisau" title="Guinea Bisau – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Guinea Bisau" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginea-Bisau" title="Ginea-Bisau – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Ginea-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bissauguinea" title="Bissauguinea – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Bissauguinea" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gine-Bisawo" title="Gine-Bisawo – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gine-Bisawo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gin%C3%A9-Biso" title="Giné-Biso – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Giné-Biso" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%AEne-Bissau" title="Gîne-Bissau – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gîne-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвинея-Бисау – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гвинея-Бисау" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвиней-Бисау – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Гвиней-Бисау" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginea-Bissau" title="Ginea-Bissau – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Ginea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_Bissaviensis" title="Guinea Bissaviensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Guinea Bissaviensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvineja-Bisava" title="Gvineja-Bisava – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gvineja-Bisava" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisau_Gvin%C4%97ja" title="Bisau Gvinėja – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bisau Gvinėja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_Bissau" title="Guinea Bissau – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Guinea Bissau" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinee-Bissau" title="Guinee-Bissau – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Guinee-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gin%C9%9B-Bisau" title="Ginɛ-Bisau – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ginɛ-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gine-Bisau" title="Gine-Bisau – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Gine-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvinea-Bisau" title="Gvinea-Bisau – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Gvinea-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bissau-Guinea" title="Bissau-Guinea – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bissau-Guinea" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89" title="गिनी-बिसाउ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="गिनी-बिसाउ" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Гвинеја-Бисао – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гвинеја-Бисао" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginea_Bisao" title="Ginea Bisao – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ginea Bisao" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF-%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%97" title="ഗിനി-ബിസൗ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗിനി-ബിസൗ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginea_Bissaw" title="Ginea Bissaw – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ginea Bissaw" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kini_Pih%C5%8D" title="Kini Pihō – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kini Pihō" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89" title="गिनी-बिसाउ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गिनी-बिसाउ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%90-%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3" title="გვინეა-ბისაუ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გვინეა-ბისაუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88" title="جينيا بيساو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جينيا بيساو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="گینه بیسائو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گینه بیسائو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8E" title="ꯒꯤꯅꯤ ꯕꯤꯁꯁꯥꯎ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯒꯤꯅꯤ ꯕꯤꯁꯁꯥꯎ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guin%C3%A9-Bissau" title="Guiné-Bissau – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Guiné-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%8F-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвинэя-Бисау – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Гвинэя-Бисау" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвиней-Бисау – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гвиней-Бисау" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%97%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဂင်းနီဗစ်ဆောနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂင်းနီဗစ်ဆောနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinee-Bissau" title="Guinee-Bissau – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Guinee-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89" title="गिनी-बिसाउ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गिनी-बिसाउ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89" title="गिनी बिसाउ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गिनी बिसाउ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%93%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A6" title="ギニアビサウ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ギニアビサウ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%96%DF%8C%DF%A3%DF%8D_%DF%BA_%DF%93%DF%8C%DF%9B%DF%8A%DF%A5%DF%8F%DF%AB" title="ߖߌߣߍ ߺ ߓߌߛߊߥߏ߫ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߖߌߣߍ ߺ ߓߌߛߊߥߏ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвиней-Бисау – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гвиней-Бисау" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini-Bisau" title="Gini-Bisau – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Gini-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini-Bisau" title="Gini-Bisau – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Gini-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guin%C3%A8a_Bissau" title="Guinèa Bissau – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Guinèa Bissau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giinii-Bisaa%E2%80%99uu" title="Giinii-Bisaa’uu – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Giinii-Bisaa’uu" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvineya-Bisau" title="Gvineya-Bisau – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gvineya-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80-%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8A" title="ਗਿਨੀ-ਬਿਸਾਊ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਿਨੀ-ਬਿਸਾਊ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B" title="गिनी-बिसो – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="गिनी-बिसो" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-bissau" title="Guinea-bissau – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Guinea-bissau" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A4" title="گنی بساؤ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گنی بساؤ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88" title="ګيني بېساو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګيني بېساو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini-Bisau" title="Gini-Bisau – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Gini-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwinea_Bissau" title="Gwinea Bissau – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gwinea Bissau" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guin%C3%A9-Bissau" title="Guiné-Bissau – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guiné-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvineya-Bisau" title="Gvineya-Bisau – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Gvineya-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvineya_Bissau" title="Gvineya Bissau – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Gvineya Bissau" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guineea-Bissau" title="Guineea-Bissau – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Guineea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khiniya-Wisaw" title="Khiniya-Wisaw – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Khiniya-Wisaw" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвинея-Бисау – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гвинея-Бисау" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвинея-Биссау – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гвинея-Биссау" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kini-Bissau" title="Kini-Bissau – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Kini-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B" title="गिनी-बिसो – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गिनी-बिसो" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gin%C3%ABe-Bisau" title="Ginëe-Bisau – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Ginëe-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%BC%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B6" title="ᱜᱤᱱᱤᱼᱵᱤᱥᱟᱶ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱤᱱᱤᱼᱵᱤᱥᱟᱶ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_Bisau" title="Guinea Bisau – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Guinea Bisau" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinia_Bissau" title="Guinia Bissau – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Guinia Bissau" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94" title="ගිනි බිසවු – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගිනි බිසවු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="گني بسائو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گني بسائو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGiniya-Bhasawu" title="IGiniya-Bhasawu – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IGiniya-Bhasawu" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvineja_Bissau" title="Gvineja Bissau – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gvineja Bissau" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwinyjo_Bissau" title="Gwinyjo Bissau – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gwinyjo Bissau" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giinya-Bisaw" title="Giinya-Bisaw – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Giinya-Bisaw" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8E_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88" title="گینێ بیساو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گینێ بیساو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Гвинеја Бисао – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гвинеја Бисао" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvineja_Bisau" title="Gvineja Bisau – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gvineja Bisau" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guin%C3%A9a-Bissau" title="Guinéa-Bissau – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Guinéa-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="கினி-பிசாவு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கினி-பிசாவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginya-Bisaw" title="Ginya-Bisaw – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ginya-Bisaw" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginya-Bissau" title="Ginya-Bissau – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ginya-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвинея-Бисау – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гвинея-Бисау" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8-%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%9E%E1%81%A2%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵီးၼီး-ပိတ်ႈသၢဝ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵီးၼီး-ပိတ်ႈသၢဝ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">တႆး</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-bissau" title="Guinea-bissau – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Guinea-bissau" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE-%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81" title="గినియా-బిస్సావు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గినియా-బిస్సావు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gin%C3%A9-Bisau" title="Giné-Bisau – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Giné-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5-%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2" title="ประเทศกินี-บิสเซา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศกินี-บิสเซา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвинея-Бисау – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гвинея-Бисау" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gine-Bissau" title="Gine-Bissau – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gine-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwine%C3%BDa-Bisau" title="Gwineýa-Bisau – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gwineýa-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini-Bisa%CC%B1u" title="Gini-Bisa̱u – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Gini-Bisa̱u" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвинея-Бисау – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Гвинея-Бисау" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F-%D0%91%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Гвінея-Бісау – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гвінея-Бісау" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A4" title="گنی بساؤ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گنی بساؤ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%86%DB%90%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%A8%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%87" title="گۋىنېيە بىسسائۇ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گۋىنېيە بىسسائۇ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bisau" title="Guinea-Bisau – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Guinea-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvinei-Bisau" title="Gvinei-Bisau – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gvinei-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guin%C3%A9-Bissau" title="Guiné-Bissau – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Guiné-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giney%C3%A4n-Bisau%C3%A4n" title="Gineyän-Bisauän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Gineyän-Bisauän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginea-Bissau" title="Ginea-Bissau – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ginea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guin%C3%AAye-Bissaw" title="Guinêye-Bissaw – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Guinêye-Bissaw" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E%E6%AF%94%E7%B4%B9" title="幾內亞比紹 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="幾內亞比紹" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gine_Bisaaw%C3%B3o" title="Gine Bisaawóo – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Gine Bisaawóo" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A%E6%AF%94%E7%BB%8D" title="几内亚比绍 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="几内亚比绍" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%95" title="גינע-ביסאו – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גינע-ביסאו" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%BF%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E%E6%AF%94%E7%B4%B9" title="畿內亞比紹 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="畿內亞比紹" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gineya-Bisau" title="Gineya-Bisau – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Gineya-Bisau" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinee-Bissau" title="Guinee-Bissau – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Guinee-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisau_Gv%C4%97niej%C4%97" title="Bisau Gvėniejė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bisau Gvėniejė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E%E6%AF%94%E7%B4%A2" title="幾內亞比索 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="幾內亞比索" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_Bisawu" title="Gini Bisawu – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Gini Bisawu" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gin%C3%A9-Biso" title="Giné-Biso – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Giné-Biso" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ghanaian Pidgin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Guinea-Bissau" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yerwa Kanuri</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvinej%C9%99_Bisau" title="Gvinejə Bisau – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Gvinejə Bisau" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0_%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A1" title="ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⴱⵉⵙⴰⵡ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⴱⵉⵙⴰⵡ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> 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