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Lord Of History - בלוג ההיסטוריה הישראלי: מטילדה
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class='tabs-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left tabs-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right tabs-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='region-inner tabs-inner'> <div class='tabs section' id='crosscol' name='לרוחב העמודות'><div class='widget PageList' data-version='1' id='PageList1'> <div class='widget-content'> <ul> <li> <a href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/'>דף הבית</a> </li> <li> <a href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/p/about.html'>כמה מילים עלי</a> </li> <li> <a href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/p/contact-me.html'>צור קשר</a> </li> <li> <a href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/היסטוריה%20של%20אירופה'>היסטוריה של אירופה</a> </li> <li> <a href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/היסטוריה%20של%20עם%20ישראל'>היסטוריה של עם ישראל</a> </li> <li> <a href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/p/blog-page.html'>היסטוריה אישית</a> </li> </ul> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div></div> <div class='tabs no-items section' id='crosscol-overflow' name='Cross-Column 2'></div> </div> </div> <div class='tabs-cap-bottom cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <div class='main-outer'> <div class='main-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left main-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right main-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='region-inner main-inner'> <div class='columns fauxcolumns'> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-center-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-left-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-right-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <!-- corrects IE6 width calculation --> <div class='columns-inner'> <div class='column-center-outer'> <div class='column-center-inner'> <div class='main section' id='main' name='ראשי'><div class='widget Blog' data-version='1' id='Blog1'> <div class='blog-posts hfeed'> <div class='status-msg-wrap'> <div class='status-msg-body'> ‏הצגת רשומות עם תוויות <b>מטילדה</b>. <a href="https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/">הצג את כל הרשומות</a> </div> <div class='status-msg-border'> <div class='status-msg-bg'> <div class='status-msg-hidden'>‏הצגת רשומות עם תוויות <b>מטילדה</b>. <a href="https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/">הצג את כל הרשומות</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>יום שני, 30 ביולי 2018</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZQ-6iHo46g18P0T2ei04dSofrkJab7vqOgAwiV_3KqT34jtJb5hHDgLgMMgWOFEVv1GsvnCtdifaDovI0k3TVKZCbnNrjxOTyf7d8OYWSUYzrzv4HJ_UQYfPds4_VQ7exH8HXHkKgxT0/s400/%25D7%2592%2527%25D7%25A4%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599+%25D7%259E%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%2596%2527%25D7%2595+%25D7%2595%25D7%259E%25D7%2598%25D7%2599%25D7%259C%25D7%2593%25D7%2594.jpg' itemprop='image_url'/> <meta content='2245361493343615264' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='654682928689721665' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='654682928689721665'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/2018/07/blog-post_30.html'>הטוענת הראשונה לכתר / על מטילדה מלכת אנגליה</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-654682928689721665' itemprop='articleBody'> <div class='fb-like' data-action='like' data-layout='standard' data-share='true' data-show-faces='false' data-size='large'></div> <br/> <br/> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ב-4 ליוני 1141 נערך משתה מפואר בווסטמינסטר כדי לחגוג את הכתרתה הצפויה של מלכת אנגליה <b>הראשונה בזכות עצמה</b>. היא הייתה בתו של הנרי ה-1 ונכדתו של וויליאם הכובש מנורמנדי. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">שנים לפני כן, חזר אביה המלך הנרי ה-1 משטחיו הצרפתיים בנורמנדי יחד עם בנו – יורש העצר – וויליאם, בכלי שיט מן הגדולים והמשוכללים שהיו באותם הימים, אך בפתח הנמל התנגשה ספינתו של וויליאם הצעיר בסלע וטבעה בתוך דקות. </span><br /> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">חלפו יומיים לפני שילד מגמגם העז להתקרב אל המלך הנרי ה-1 ולבשר לו על מות בנו היחיד. כעת נותרה מטילדה יורשת העצר החוקית העתידה.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">מעולם לפניה לא ניסתה </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">לשבת </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">אישה לבדה</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> על כס המלוכה. כל המלכות עד אותו זמן זכו בכס המלוכה כיוון שנישאו למלך או ליורש עצר. </span><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">אך לא היה די ברשות החוקית למלוך. מטילדה הייתה צריכה להילחם כדי לתפוס את הכתר כפי שנלחם אביה, הנרי ה-1, במשך כל חייו כדי להחזיק במלוכה האנגלית וכפי שלחמו כל מלכי אותה תקופה במשך שנות חייהם.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">בני התקופה לא האמינו שאישה יכולה למלוך. למעשה, אפילו למילה האנגלית למ</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="HE">לכה – </span><span dir="LTR">Queen</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="HE"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">– ל</span><span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">א הייתה משמעות של מלכה אלא של 'בת זוגו של המלך', ותו לא. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <br /></div> <h4 style="text-align: right;"> <b><span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">הילדה שנועדה למלוך</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">בגיל 8 החלה כבר מטילדה (Empress Matilda) בקריירה יוצאת הדופן שלה. </span><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">היא </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">נשלחה אל גרמניה כדי להינשא ל</span><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9A_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%94" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">היינריך ה-5 מלך גרמניה וקיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה</a> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">ולהביא לעולם בן שיירש בבוא היום את מקומו של אביה</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">. </span><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">היא גדלה והתחנכה בחצר הקיסרית הגרמנית ולכן כשבגרה היו לה הידע, התכונות והנכונות הנפשית לשאת בתפקיד מלכותי.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">כשהייתה בת 23 מת לפתע בעלה הקיסר היינריך, ומטילדה חזרה לאנגליה אחרי 16 שנה שבהן נעדרה מארצה. </span><br /> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">אחרי שנים רבות כל כך כאשת הקיסר, היא לא הייתה מוכנה בשום אופן לראות את עצמה כנעדרת יכולות, חסרת כשרון או חסרת אפשרות לשלוט.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">אז עשה המלך הנרי ה-1 את הצעד שיאפשר לבתו לרשת את כתר המלכות וב-1 לינואר 1127 השביע את אציליו שבועת נאמנות למטילדה יורשת העצר. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <br /></div> <h4 style="text-align: right;"> <b><span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">יורש עצר בכל מחיר</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">הנרי ה-1 שרצה להבטיח את עתיד השושלת, שלח את מטילדה בשנית להינשא כדי לנסות ולהביא נכד לעולם, יורש עצר זכר. </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">החתן שנבחר הפעם היה <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%96%27%D7%95">ג'פרי "היפה" מאנז'ו</a> - אציל צרפתי, בעל אדמות רבות מדרום לנורמנדי. ג'פרי היה אציל יפה תואר אשר תואר על ידי בני דורו כאציל היפה ביותר באזור, אבל...הוא היה רק בן 15. </span><br /> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">מראהו היפה והמושך לא סינוור את מטילדה. הוא היה צעיר ממנה ב-11 שנים, שחצן וממעמד חברתי נמוך</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">היא נישאה לו בחוסר רצון, אך לא וויתרה על מעמדה ועל שאיפותיה ותמיד התעקשה שיכנו אותה – "<b><i><span style="color: #999999;">הקיסרית ובתו של מלך האנגלים</span></i></b>". </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">שנה בלבד אחרי החתונה, נפרדו בני הזוג. </span><br /> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">אביה כפה עליה להתפייס עם בעלה הטרי, ובשנת 1133 ילדה הנסיכה מטילדה את בנה הראשון - הנרי. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">שנה אחת בלבד לאחר מכן, ילדה בן שני.</span><br /> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">כעת היו למטילדה ולאנגליה כולה שני יורשי עצר צעירים ורכים בשנים, אשר סבם, המלך הנרי ה-1, היה כבר בן 60 ולא נותר לו עוד זמן רב למלוך על אנגליה.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZQ-6iHo46g18P0T2ei04dSofrkJab7vqOgAwiV_3KqT34jtJb5hHDgLgMMgWOFEVv1GsvnCtdifaDovI0k3TVKZCbnNrjxOTyf7d8OYWSUYzrzv4HJ_UQYfPds4_VQ7exH8HXHkKgxT0/s1600/%25D7%2592%2527%25D7%25A4%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599+%25D7%259E%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%2596%2527%25D7%2595+%25D7%2595%25D7%259E%25D7%2598%25D7%2599%25D7%259C%25D7%2593%25D7%2594.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="246" data-original-width="256" height="383" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZQ-6iHo46g18P0T2ei04dSofrkJab7vqOgAwiV_3KqT34jtJb5hHDgLgMMgWOFEVv1GsvnCtdifaDovI0k3TVKZCbnNrjxOTyf7d8OYWSUYzrzv4HJ_UQYfPds4_VQ7exH8HXHkKgxT0/s400/%25D7%2592%2527%25D7%25A4%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599+%25D7%259E%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%2596%2527%25D7%2595+%25D7%2595%25D7%259E%25D7%2598%25D7%2599%25D7%259C%25D7%2593%25D7%2594.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">מטילדה וג'פרי "היפה" מאנז'ו</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align: right;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div style="text-align: right;"> <br /></div> <h4 style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p> </o:p></span><b><span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">אצילי אנגליה הבוגדניים</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">בשנת 1135, בסיומה של תקופה מתוחה בין חבל הארץ הצרפתי-נורמני, ליבשת האנגלית ובראשה הנרי ה-1, החליטה להישאר מטילדה נאמנה לג'פרי בעלה ולהישאר איתו על אדמת נורמנדי.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">בנובמבר 1135 חלה הנרי ה-1 במהלך מסע ציד ונפל למשכב שממנו לא יקום.</span><br /> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">לפני מותו, הספיק להזכיר לאביריו הנאמנים את השבועה שנשאו להישאר נאמנים לבתו מטילדה. </span><br /> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">כאשר שמעה מטילדה על מות אביה, ידעה שזו ההזדמנות שלה לתפוס את השלטון, אך ימים ספורים לאחר מכן גילתה שהיא בהריון בפעם השלישית, ונאלצה לוותר על מסעה לאנגליה לתפוס את כס השלטון.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b>בן דודה סטיבן (</b></span><span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><b>Stephen, King of England</b></span><b style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">) ראה שהיא איננה שבה אל אדמת אנגליה, והחליט לנצל את ההזדמנות לבצע הפיכה ולתפוס את כס המלכות</b><span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">. </span><br /> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">הוא היה איש רב עוצמה וחייל מצטיין. במהלך בוגדני הוא רכב לווינצ'סטר שם כיהן אחיו כבישוף וארגן את הכתרתו שלו עצמו למלך אנגליה.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">בטקס ההכתרה השתתפו האבירים שאך לפני כמה שנים נשבעו נאמנות למטילדה. </span><br /> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">איש לא העז לקרוא תיגר על המלך הטרי שנמשח בשמן קדוש והוכתר בשם האלוהים. איש לא זכר את מטילדה שהייתה יורשת העצר הלגיטימית היחידה. סטיבן היה זקוק לתמיכתם של האצילים רבי העוצמה ובעלי האדמות, והם אכן הביעו בו תמיכה. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <br /></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY4JHnYGtlyOZ7xoNUMMVzOnrhUjJZ8G_0BmhrV9aEGiP5Mk2rh9UlRvka27kYyE2f7-tCR_gJBoqMCNLe4et1Ajj4di1TqbOk0ddIFoeTiCRr18CD1_GwjavGjAIDpsgEWclF5UNg778/s1600/%25D7%25A1%25D7%2598%25D7%2599%25D7%2591%25D7%259F.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="426" data-original-width="274" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY4JHnYGtlyOZ7xoNUMMVzOnrhUjJZ8G_0BmhrV9aEGiP5Mk2rh9UlRvka27kYyE2f7-tCR_gJBoqMCNLe4et1Ajj4di1TqbOk0ddIFoeTiCRr18CD1_GwjavGjAIDpsgEWclF5UNg778/s400/%25D7%25A1%25D7%2598%25D7%2599%25D7%2591%25D7%259F.jpg" width="256" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">סטיבן בן הדוד הבוגדני - מלך אנגליה</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div> <h4 style="text-align: right;"> <b><span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">המלחמה על הכתר</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">לאחר שילדה גם את בנה השלישי בנורמנדי, החלו להגיע אל מטילדה ידיעות על כך שבן דודה – סטיבן – חצה את התעלה האנגלית ופתח במסע מלחמה על אדמות נורמנדי בכדי להשיב לעצמו את השליטה גם בחבל צרפתי זה, אך נחל מפלות קשות בקרבות. הייתה זו שעת כושר עבור מטילדה לתבוע מחדש את הכתר שהיה שייך לה. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ההזדמנות הבשילה ביוני 1138 כאשר הדוכס רוברט מגלוסטר הסתכסך עם המלך סטיבן והכריז על תמיכתו החוזרת במטילדה למלוכה האנגלית. </span><br /> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">אדמותיו של הדוכס היו שער חופשי ובטוח אל מעבר לתעלה, אל אדמות אנגליה, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">עבור הנסיכה מטילדה</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">. </span><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">היא בחרה לנצל את הפתח הזה ולצאת אל אנגליה לקראת המערכה על כתר המלוכה. לאחר מצור קצר ע"י כוחותיו של המלך סטיבן על טירת ארונדל שבה שהתה מטילדה, הוא נאלץ לאפשר לה לעזוב את הטירה ולרכוב מיד אל טירתו של הדוכס רוברט מגלוסטר.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">הכוחות שעמדו לרשותם של מטילדה והדוכס מגלוסטר ניהלו מלחמת גרילה עזה כנגד כוחותיו הגדולים של סטיבן. במשך שנתיים ארוכות ועקובות מדם התנהלה באנגליה מלחמת אזרחים שהותירה אחריה רק אדמות חרוכות וטירות שרופות. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">בפברואר 1141 במערכה אכזרית בלינקולן נשבה בקרב המלך סטיבן. עכשיו נותרו הכנסייה והעם המכשול היחיד בדרך לשלטון. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">הבישוף הנרי מווינצ'סטר – אחיו של סטיבן השבוי – היה היחיד שלו הייתה הסמכות להכריז על המלכתה של מטילדה. </span><br /> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ברוב תבונה, היא הציעה לו להתמנות ליועץ הראשון שלה ובתמורה הוא הבטיח לה את תמיכתו ובאפריל 1141 התכנסה מועצה כנסייתית מיוחדת כדי לאשר את החלפת המלך סטיבן – במלכה החדשה מטילדה. </span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">וכך אמר הבישוף הנרי מווינצ'סטר לחברי המועצה:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <blockquote class="tr_bq" dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="color: #666666; font-size: large;"><i>"אנחנו בוחרים כגבירה מאנגליה ומנורמנדי את בתו של מלך שהיה משכין שלום, מלך מהולל, מלך עשיר, מלך טוב, שאין מי שישווה לו בימינו, ואנו מבטיחים לה אמונים ותמיכה".</i></span></span></blockquote> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">שש שנים ארוכות חיכתה מטילדה לרגע הזה. </span><br /> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">כעת נשאר רק לארגן את טקס משיחתה למלכה, אך לשם כך היה עליה להמשיך להילחם. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <br /></div> <h4 style="text-align: right;"> <b><span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">כמעט עד הסוף המר</span></b></h4> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">אצילי אנגליה לא אהבו את הרעיון שאישה תעלה לשלטון בזכות עצמה, ללא מלך לצידה. </span><br /> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">היא, מצידה, רצתה להפגין את אותה סמכותיות והחלטיות שראתה בחצרות הקיסרים והמלכים הגברים שהכירה ונהגה כלפיהם בסמכותיות ובנוקשות, אך הם לא יכלו לסבול שאישה תנהג כך כלפיהם. </span><br /> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">כאשר כעסה על נתיניה, תוארה כך ע"י כותבי הכרוניקות של התקופה:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <blockquote class="tr_bq" dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="color: #666666; font-size: large;"><i>"במבט מפחיד, מצחה מכורכם בזעף, כשכל שריד לעדינותה של אישה נמחה מעל פניה, היא התלקחה בזעם בלתי נסבל...".</i></span></span></blockquote> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">המירמור כלפיה הלך וגבר, אך היא הייתה עסוקה כל כך בתכנון טקס ההכתרה עד שלא שמה לב לכך. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">כאשר החלו הפעמונים לצלצל, נפתחו דלתות לונדון לרווחה ואלפי אזרחים חמושים הסתערו על הכנסייה והבריחו ממנה את המלכה בבושה ובפחד. </span><br /> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">הבישוף הנרי מווינצ'סטר הפחדן והבוגדני שוב עבר לצידו של אחיו סטיבן והכריז על תמיכתו בו.</span><br /> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> המלכה רדפה אחריו בראש כוחותיה אך נקלעה למארב, והדוכס רוברט מגלוסטר נפל בשבי בקרב זה.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br /> <h4 style="text-align: right;"> <b><span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">הפסד בקרב, ניצחון במלחמה</span></b></h4> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">בספטמבר 1142 כוחותיו של סטיבן הטילו מצור על המלכה מטילדה בטירה באוקספורד. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">אחרי שלושה חודשי מצור החליטה מטילדה לנסות להימלט במהלך נועז ומסוכן. </span><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">היא צירפה אליה שלושה חיילים נאמנים, הם התעטפו בגלימות לבנות שיסוו אותם בשלג, וצעדו ברגל במשך 12 ק"מ עד שמצאו סוסים שלקחו אותם למקום מבטחים. </span><br /> <i style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><br /></i> <i style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;">כעת הייתה מטילדה חופשיה, אך שוב נותרה ללא כתר המלוכה ברשותה...</i><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b><i>היא החליטה לשוב לנורמנדי, אל ילדיה ואל בנה הבכור הנרי, ולהילחם יחד איתו על זכותו שלו – שהייתה לגיטימית וחוקית – להיות היורש של כתר אנגליה</i></b>.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq54RO6kI4J7u8qlXYVMdBg91AW7Zem8alvI_KTWIM0k1G2EAz7hP2WWFprLjs0KlIxFq7ptav3YybUnl_pMhcXc__l2r4MZNtWZqzqDuYWieGjDmf7YRRoXGIF4uxsGT7qBZkfU5-KB0/s1600/Empress_Matilda.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="270" data-original-width="219" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq54RO6kI4J7u8qlXYVMdBg91AW7Zem8alvI_KTWIM0k1G2EAz7hP2WWFprLjs0KlIxFq7ptav3YybUnl_pMhcXc__l2r4MZNtWZqzqDuYWieGjDmf7YRRoXGIF4uxsGT7qBZkfU5-KB0/s400/Empress_Matilda.jpg" width="322" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">מטילדה מלכת אנגליה</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <b><i><span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">בסופו של דבר נערך הסכם פשרה אשר במסגרתו </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">סטיבן יישאר בינתיים מלך אנגליה, אך יכיר בהנרי – בנה של מטילדה – כיורשו החוקי היחיד. </span></i></b><br /> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">היה זה ניצחונה של מטילדה, אך תמורתו נאלצה לשלם בוויתורה שלה על כתר המלוכה. היא אמנם הפסידה בקרב, אך ניצחה במלחמה באומץ ובתעוזה מדהימים, ובתבונה רבה מאוד.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: right;"> <span lang="HE" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">כאות תודה למעשיה של אמו, הקפיד הנרי (Henry I of England) עד יום מותו לכנות את עצמו "בנה של הקיסרית".</span><span dir="LTR"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div style="text-align: right;"> <br /></div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> </span> <span class='reaction-buttons'> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' 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<a class='post-count-link' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/2018/10/'> אוקטובר </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ◄  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/2018/09/'> ספטמבר </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ◄  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/2018/08/'> אוגוסט </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ◄  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/2018/07/'> יולי </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> 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href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94'>אנגליה</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%27%20%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99'>ג'ורג' החמישי</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%90%D7%A8%20%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%99%20%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99'>הצאר ניקולאי השני</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%20%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94'>מרי הראשונה</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA'>צרפת</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90'>רומא</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%20%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99'>אדוארד השישי</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%20%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99'>אדוארד השמיני</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%20%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99'>אדוארד השני</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%94'>איזבלה</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%91%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94%20%D7%94%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94'>אליזבת המלכה הבתולה</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%20%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94'>אלנור מאקוויטניה</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1'>אספסיאנוס</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%20%D7%92%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91'>בוריס גודונוב</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%27%20%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99'>ג'ורג' השישי</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%20%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93'>גירוש ספרד</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%20%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F'>גרגורי רספוטין</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99%20%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99'>הנרי השישי</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9D%20%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99'>וילהלם השני</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94%20%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94'>יקטרינה השנייה</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D'>ירושלים</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%20%D7%94%D7%90%D7%97%D7%93%20%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A8'>לואי האחד עשר</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%20%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D'>מגיפות ימי הביניים</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <span dir='rtl'>מטילדה</span> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D'>מלחמות השושנים</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%20%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1'>מרקוס אנטוניוס</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F'>נפוליאון</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93'>ספרד</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA%20%D7%93%D7%9D'>עלילות דם</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' href='https://www.lord-of-history.co.il/search/label/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A8%20%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C'>פיוטר הגדול</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='rtl' 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