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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Usage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Features </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Features subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Messaging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Messaging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Messaging </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Messaging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Groups_and_channels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Groups_and_channels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Groups and channels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Groups_and_channels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Games </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_and_voice_calls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_and_voice_calls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Video and voice calls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_and_voice_calls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Privacy_and_security_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Privacy_and_security_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Privacy and security features </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Privacy_and_security_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_and_storage_settings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_and_storage_settings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Data and storage settings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_and_storage_settings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Bots </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stickers,_emoji,_reactions_and_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stickers,_emoji,_reactions_and_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Stickers, emoji, reactions and effects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stickers,_emoji,_reactions_and_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People_Nearby_and_Groups_Nearby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People_Nearby_and_Groups_Nearby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 People Nearby and Groups Nearby </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People_Nearby_and_Groups_Nearby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 Stories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premium_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premium_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.11 Premium features </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Premium_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_platforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_platforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Related platforms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_platforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Architecture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Architecture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Privacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Privacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Privacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Privacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Servers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Servers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Servers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Servers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Clients </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-APIs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#APIs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 APIs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-APIs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Business </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Business-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Business subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Advertising_and_monetization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advertising_and_monetization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Advertising and monetization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advertising_and_monetization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pay_per_view_bots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pay_per_view_bots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Pay per view bots </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pay_per_view_bots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TON_Telegram_Open_Network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TON_Telegram_Open_Network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 TON Telegram Open Network </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TON_Telegram_Open_Network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Criticism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criticism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Use_by_militant_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_by_militant_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Use by militant groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_by_militant_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illegal_pornography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illegal_pornography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Illegal pornography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illegal_pornography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bot_abuse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bot_abuse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Bot abuse </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bot_abuse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fraudulent_jobs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fraudulent_jobs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Fraudulent jobs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fraudulent_jobs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Copyright_infringement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copyright_infringement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Copyright infringement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copyright_infringement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drug_trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drug_trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Drug trade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drug_trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-User_numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 User numbers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Security </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cryptography_contests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cryptography_contests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 Cryptography contests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cryptography_contests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Censorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Censorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Censorship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Censorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2019_Puerto_Rico_"Telegramgate"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_Puerto_Rico_"Telegramgate""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 2019 Puerto Rico "Telegramgate" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_Puerto_Rico_"Telegramgate"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021_shutdown_of_Russian_political_bots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021_shutdown_of_Russian_political_bots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2 2021 shutdown of Russian political bots </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021_shutdown_of_Russian_political_bots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022_Delhi_High_Court_ruling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_Delhi_High_Court_ruling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.3 2022 Delhi High Court ruling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_Delhi_High_Court_ruling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024_Arrest_of_Pavel_Durov" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_Arrest_of_Pavel_Durov"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.4 2024 Arrest of Pavel Durov </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_Arrest_of_Pavel_Durov-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Telegram (software)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 98 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" > 98 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(sagteware)" title="Telegram (sagteware) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Telegram (sagteware)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="تيليجرام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيليجرام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="تلقرام – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تلقرام" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_(%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE)" title="টেলিগ্রাম (সেবা) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টেলিগ্রাম (সেবা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Телеграм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Телеграм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Telegram (мессенджер) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Telegram (мессенджер)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Telegram (software)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Telegram (software)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(tarkvara)" title="Telegram (tarkvara) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Telegram (tarkvara)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(aplika%C4%B5o)" title="Telegram (aplikaĵo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Telegram (aplikaĵo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(aplikazioa)" title="Telegram (aplikazioa) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Telegram (aplikazioa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="تلگرام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تلگرام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(application)" title="Telegram (application) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Telegram (application)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(applikaasje)" title="Telegram (applikaasje) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Telegram (applikaasje)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%A8" title="텔레그램 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="텔레그램" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Տելեգրամ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տելեգրամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="टेलीग्राम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टेलीग्राम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(aplikacija)" title="Telegram (aplikacija) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Telegram (aplikacija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(aplikajo)" title="Telegram (aplikajo) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Telegram (aplikajo)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(perangkat_lunak)" title="Telegram (perangkat lunak) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Telegram (perangkat lunak)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9D" title="טלגרם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טלגרם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ٹیلیگرام – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ٹیلیگرام" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82)" title="ടെലഗ്രാം (സാമൂഹ്യ മാധ്യമം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടെലഗ്രാം (സാമൂഹ്യ മാധ്യമം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="تيليجرام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تيليجرام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="تلگرام – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تلگرام" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(perisian)" title="Telegram (perisian) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Telegram (perisian)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(aplikasi)" title="Telegram (aplikasi) – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Telegram (aplikasi)" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%96%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B2)" title="တယ်လီဂရမ် (ဆော့ဖ်ဝဲ) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တယ်လီဂရမ် (ဆော့ဖ်ဝဲ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(applicatie)" title="Telegram (applicatie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Telegram (applicatie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0)" title="टेलिग्राम (सफ्टवेयर) – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="टेलिग्राम (सफ्टवेयर)" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(programvare)" title="Telegram (programvare) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Telegram (programvare)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE_(%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਟੈਲੀਗ੍ਰਾਮ (ਸਾਫਟਵੇਅਰ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟੈਲੀਗ੍ਰਾਮ (ਸਾਫਟਵੇਅਰ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="ٹیلیگرام میسنجر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹیلیگرام میسنجر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A1%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98_(%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B8)" title="តេឡេក្រាម (កម្មវិធី) – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តេឡេក្រាម (កម្មវិធី)" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(komunikator_internetowy)" title="Telegram (komunikator internetowy) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Telegram (komunikator internetowy)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Telegram (software)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(program_kompjuterik)" title="Telegram (program kompjuterik) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Telegram (program kompjuterik)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Telegram (software)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(programje)" title="Telegram (programje) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Telegram (programje)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8E%D9%84%DB%8E%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="تێلێگرام – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تێلێگرام" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(softver)" title="Telegram (softver) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Telegram (softver)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(servis)" title="Telegram (servis) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Telegram (servis)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(programvara)" title="Telegram (programvara) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Telegram (programvara)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Telegram (software)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D)" title="டெலிகிராம் (மென்பொருள்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டெலிகிராம் (மென்பொருள்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%82%84%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%80%9B%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87_(%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%81%BE%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%82%84%E1%80%B8)" title="တႄႇလီႇၵရမ်ႇ (သွပ်ႉၾ်ဝႄး) – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="တႄႇလီႇၵရမ်ႇ (သွပ်ႉၾ်ဝႄး)" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D" title="టెలిగ్రామ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="టెలిగ్రామ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="เทเลแกรม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทเลแกรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(yaz%C4%B1l%C4%B1m)" title="Telegram (yazılım) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Telegram (yazılım)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_(%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%B9_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1)" title="ٹیلی گرام (سافٹ ویئر) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹیلی گرام (سافٹ ویئر)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(ph%E1%BA%A7n_m%E1%BB%81m)" title="Telegram (phần mềm) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Telegram (phần mềm)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Telegram" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cross-platform instant messaging service</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Telegram</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Telegram_2019_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Telegram_2019_Logo.svg/121px-Telegram_2019_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="121" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Telegram_2019_Logo.svg/182px-Telegram_2019_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Telegram_2019_Logo.svg/242px-Telegram_2019_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Telegram FZ LLC Telegram Messenger Inc.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">14 August 2013; 11 years ago (2013-08-14)</td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release(s)</a> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Latest_stable_software_release/Telegram?action=edit">[±]</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Android</th><td class="infobox-data">11.4.0<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-3e22774272ca77e7aee1eff51ce4425572efaa7a-v18-1">[1]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15616276?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 17 November 2024; 10 days ago (17 November 2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">iOS, iPadOS</th><td class="infobox-data">11.4<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-043cc7827f5b61ec253cfe0a985b95f717e5a76a-v18-2">[2]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15616276?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 17 November 2024; 10 days ago (17 November 2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Windows, macOS, Linux (Telegram Desktop)</th><td class="infobox-data">5.8.0<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-be0c5033b9bbdd31ab691761e04250239d32b0c5-v18-3">[3]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15616276?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 17 November 2024; 10 days ago (17 November 2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">macOS</th><td class="infobox-data">11.4<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-ff8e3965ea9b8f6b438bfe08abc7ce48a12187e6-v18-4">[4]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15616276?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 17 November 2024; 10 days ago (17 November 2024)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/telegramdesktop/tdesktop">github.com/telegramdesktop/tdesktop</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15616276#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data">Desktop: <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> Android: <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> iOS: <a href="/wiki/Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Web_app" class="mw-redirect" title="Web app">Web platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">66 (officially 12) languages<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background-color: transparent;">List of languages</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="">Chinese (Beta), English, Russian, Persian, Turkish, Italian, Arabic, Ukrainian, Kazakh, Uzbek, Portuguese, Spanish, German, Dutch, French, Japanese (Beta), Korean, Indonesian, Malay, Belarusian, Catalan, Polish, Finnish, Hebrew</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU GPLv3 only with OpenSSL linking exception</a> (<a href="/wiki/Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">clients</a>),<a href="#cite_note-teleapps-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</a>)<a href="#cite_note-faq-why-not-open-souce-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telegram.org/">telegram.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Telegram Messenger Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">March 2013; 11 years ago (2013-03)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Tortola" title="Tortola">Tortola</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a> (legal domicile)<a href="#cite_note-Telegram_Messenger_Inc_–_RIPE_NCC-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> (operational center)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area served</th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Organizational_founder" title="Organizational founder">Founder(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Durov" title="Nikolai Durov">Nikolai Durov</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Durov" title="Pavel Durov">Pavel Durov</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">CEO</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Durov" title="Pavel Durov">Pavel Durov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category">Software</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telegram.org/">telegram.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Telegram Messenger, commonly known as Telegram, is a <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud-based</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cross-platform_software" title="Cross-platform software">cross-platform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> and <a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">instant messaging</a> (IM) service. It was originally launched for iOS on 14 August 2013 and Android on 20 October 2013. It allows users to exchange messages, share media and files, and hold private and group voice or <a href="/wiki/Videotelephony" title="Videotelephony">video calls</a> as well as public <a href="/wiki/Live_streaming" title="Live streaming">livestreams</a>. It is available for <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a>. Telegram offers <a href="/wiki/End-to-end_encryption" title="End-to-end encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> in voice and video calls,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> and in optional private chats, which Telegram calls Secret Chats. Telegram also has social networking features, allowing users to post <a href="/wiki/Story_(social_media)" title="Story (social media)">stories</a>, create large public groups with up to 200,000 members, or share one-way updates to unlimited audiences in so-called channels.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Telegram was founded in 2013 by <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Durov" title="Nikolai Durov">Nikolai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Durov" title="Pavel Durov">Pavel Durov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Its servers are distributed worldwide with several data centers, while the headquarters is in <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Telegram is the most popular instant messaging application in parts of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit">[update]</a>, registration to Telegram requires either a smartphone or one of a limited number of <a href="/wiki/Non-fungible_token" title="Non-fungible token">NFTs</a> issued in December 2022.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> As of July 2024,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit">[update]</a> Telegram has more than 950 million monthly active users,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> with <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> leading in the number of users.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> It was the most downloaded app worldwide in January 2021<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> with 1 billion downloads globally as of late August 2021. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> Telegram was launched in 2013 by the brothers <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Durov" title="Nikolai Durov">Nikolai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Durov" title="Pavel Durov">Pavel Durov</a>. Previously, the pair founded the Russian social network <a href="/wiki/VK_(social_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="VK (social network)">VK</a>, which they left in 2014, saying it had been taken over by the government.<a href="#cite_note-DurovTI22414-23">[23]</a> Pavel sold his remaining stake in VK and left Russia after resisting government pressure.<a href="#cite_note-:0-24">[24]</a> Nikolai created the MTProto protocol that is the basis for the messenger, while Pavel provided financial support and infrastructure through his <a href="/wiki/Axel_Neff#Digital_Fortress_LLC" title="Axel Neff">Digital Fortress</a> fund.<a href="#cite_note-TechCrunch-25">[25]</a> Telegram Messenger states that its end goal is not to bring profit,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> but it is not structured as a non-profit organization.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo1-28">[28]</a> Telegram is registered as a company in the <a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a><a href="#cite_note-Telegram_Messenger_Inc_–_RIPE_NCC-9">[9]</a> and as an <a href="/wiki/Limited_company" title="Limited company">LLC</a> in Dubai.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> It does not disclose where it rents offices or which legal entities it uses to rent them, citing the need to "shelter the team from unnecessary influence" and protect users from governmental data requests.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> After Pavel left Russia in 2014, he was said to be moving from country to country with a small group of computer programmers consisting of 15 core members.<a href="#cite_note-:0-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> While a former employee of VK said that Telegram had employees in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Turton-2017-09-29-33">[33]</a> Pavel said the Telegram team made <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany, its headquarters in 2014,<a href="#cite_note-TheVergeKorea-34">[34]</a> but failed to obtain German residence permits for everyone on the team and moved to other jurisdictions in early 2015.<a href="#cite_note-Turton-2017-09-29-33">[33]</a> Since 2017, the company has been based in Dubai.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Its data centers are spread across a complex <a href="/wiki/Corporate_structure" title="Corporate structure">corporate structure</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shell_corporation" title="Shell corporation">shell companies</a> in various jurisdictions to avoid compliance with government <a href="/wiki/Subpoena" title="Subpoena">subpoenas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-37">[37]</a> The company says this is done "to protect the data that is not covered by end-to-end encryption". Telegram's FAQ page says it does not process any requests related to illegal content in chats and group chats, and that "to this day, we have disclosed 0 bytes of user messages to third parties, including governments".<a href="#cite_note-:5-37">[37]</a> however, according to Pavel, Telegram has disclosed data for 203 legal requests from the Brazilian government from Q1 to Q3 of 2024, and a total of 6,992 legal requests from India, Its largest market, during the same period.<a href="#cite_note-:7-38">[38]</a> users can check how many legal requests from their country have been processed by Telegram using the official transparency bot.<a href="#cite_note-:7-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usage">Usage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Usage">edit</a>]</div> In October 2013, Telegram announced that it had 100,000 daily active users.<a href="#cite_note-TechCrunch-25">[25]</a> On 24 March 2014, Telegram announced that it had reached 35 million monthly users and 15 million daily active users.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In October 2014, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korean</a> government surveillance plans drove many of its citizens to switch to Telegram from the Korean app <a href="/wiki/KakaoTalk" title="KakaoTalk">KakaoTalk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TheVergeKorea-34">[34]</a> In December 2014, Telegram announced that it had 50 million active users, generating 1 billion daily messages, and that it had 1 million new users signing up on its service every week,<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> traffic doubled in five months with 2 billion daily messages.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In September 2015, Telegram announced that the app had 60 million active users and delivered 12 billion daily messages.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> In February 2016, Telegram announced that it had 100 million monthly active users, with 350,000 new users signing up every day, delivering 15 billion messages daily.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> In December 2017, Telegram reached 180 million monthly active users.<a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg-2017-12-12-44">[44]</a> By March 2018, that number had doubled, with Telegram reaching 200 million monthly active users.<a href="#cite_note-TelegramUsersMarch2018-45">[45]</a> On 14 March 2019, Pavel said that "3 million new users signed up for Telegram within the last 24 hours."<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> He did not specify what prompted this flood of new sign-ups, but the period matched a prolonged technical outage experienced by Facebook and its family of apps, including Instagram.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> According to the US Securities and Exchange Commission, as of October 2019, Telegram had 300 million monthly active users worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> On 24 April 2020, Telegram announced that it had reached 400 million monthly active users.<a href="#cite_note-:6-49">[49]</a> On 8 January 2021, Pavel announced in a blog post that Telegram had reached "about 500 million" monthly active users.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In August, <a href="/wiki/TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a> reported that India was Telegram's largest market, with a 22% share of total installs coming from the region.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Telegram then gained over 70 million new users as a result of an <a href="/wiki/2021_Facebook_outage" title="2021 Facebook outage">outage which affected Facebook and its affiliates</a> on 5 October 2021.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In March 2022, Telegram's usage share in Russia had jumped to 63%, overtaking <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a>'s usage share of 32% to become the most popular instant messaging app in the country.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> On 19 June 2022, Telegram announced that it had reached 700 million monthly active users.<a href="#cite_note-700M_premium-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-55">[55]</a> In July 2023, Telegram had more than 800 million monthly active users.<a href="#cite_note-:14-56">[56]</a> Since July 2023, Telegram had been the most popular social media in Russia, with a market share of 46.8% as of December 2023.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> As of March 2024, Telegram has more than 900 million monthly active users according to Pavel.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Pavel announced on his personal Telegram channel (t.me/pavel) that Telegram had hit the 950 million monthly active user milestone in summer 2024. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Features">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Messaging">Messaging</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Messaging">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Telegram_account_self-destruction.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Telegram_account_self-destruction.png/220px-Telegram_account_self-destruction.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="450" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Telegram_account_self-destruction.png/330px-Telegram_account_self-destruction.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Telegram_account_self-destruction.png 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption>Account self-destruction prior to implementation of 18-month period </figcaption></figure> To start using Telegram, a user must sign-up with their <a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">phone</a> number or an anonymous +888 number purchased from the Fragment blockchain platform.<a href="#cite_note-Lopez-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Changing the phone number in the app will automatically reassign the user's account to that number without the need to export data or notify their contacts.<a href="#cite_note-Lopez-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-way-transf-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-te-transf-62">[62]</a> Phone numbers are hidden by default with only a user's contacts being able to see them. Sign-ups can only be done via an Android or iOS device.<a href="#cite_note-BusinessInsider-2021-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-desktop-login-64">[64]</a> Upon signing up, messages sent and received by the user are tied to their number and a custom username,<a href="#cite_note-cs2.0-65">[65]</a> not the device. Any Telegram content is synced between the user's <a href="/wiki/Login" title="Login">logged-in</a> devices automatically through cloud storage, except for device-specific secret chats. By default, any account that is inactive for 6 months is automatically deleted, though the period can be shortened or extended up to 18 months through the Settings menu. Telegram allows groups, bots and channels with a verified social media or Wikipedia page to be verified, but not individual user accounts.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Messages can contain formatted text, media, files up to 2 GB (4 GB with Premium), locations and audio or video messages recorded in-app. Telegram messages in private chats can be edited up to 48 hours after they were sent with an “edited” icon appearing to reflect changes, as well as deleted for both sides without a trace. Users have the option to delete messages and whole chats for both themself and other participants. Chats can be exported to preserve them via Telegram's Desktop client, although the saved data cannot be imported back into the user's account. Users can however import chat history, including both messages and media, from WhatsApp, Line and <a href="/wiki/KakaoTalk" title="KakaoTalk">KakaoTalk</a> due to <a href="/wiki/Data_portability" title="Data portability">data portability</a>, either making a new chat to hold the messages or adding them to an existing one.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> As users can be logged into many devices at once, starting to type a message on one of them will create a “cloud draft” that syncs with others, so typing can be started on a phone and finished on a laptop, for example.<a href="#cite_note-Drafts-70">[70]</a> Any message in any chat can be translated by opening the context menu. Premium users have the option to translate the whole chat with one click. Users can hide the translate button for messages written in specific languages. Reactions can be used to respond to a message with emoji, with Premium users having access to more reaction choices and the ability to leave more reactions per message. Reactions are always on in private chats and can be enabled by admins in groups and channels with the ability to allow or exclude specific reactions. Reaction emoji play an animation with special effects when sent.<a href="#cite_note-xda-developers.com-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Users can also send stickers, which can be static, animated or video.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Sticker packs are made by Telegram designers as well as regular users and can be shared via links. They use the <a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-74">[74]</a> or <a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a> format and do not require special software to create or upload. Some stickers feature full-screen effects that play out when first sent or when tapped. Users can schedule messages to send at a particular time or when their conversation partner comes online,<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> as well as choose to send a message “without sound” without a notification. Messages from private chats can be forwarded, with an option to hide the original sender's identity or to hide captions from media messages. Forwarded messages also maintain reply formatting, able to show which messages in a thread are replying to others. Any user can also send a message to a special “Saved Messages” chat as a form of bookmarking them. The contents of the chat are only visible to the user. Users can opt-in to People Nearby by turning on their phone's GPS location to see other users in the area who have opted into the feature.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Chats can be sorted into folders to organize them with preset options like "Unread" and "Muted? or custom separations such as "Work" and "Family". Premium users have the ability to set any chat folder as the default screen in the app while regular users will always see the full chat list when first opening the app.<figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_%22secret_chat%22_confirmation_notice_in_Telegram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/A_%22secret_chat%22_confirmation_notice_in_Telegram.jpg/200px-A_%22secret_chat%22_confirmation_notice_in_Telegram.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/A_%22secret_chat%22_confirmation_notice_in_Telegram.jpg/300px-A_%22secret_chat%22_confirmation_notice_in_Telegram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/A_%22secret_chat%22_confirmation_notice_in_Telegram.jpg/400px-A_%22secret_chat%22_confirmation_notice_in_Telegram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="2305" /></a><figcaption>A "secret chat" confirmation notice – screenshot from <a href="/wiki/IOS_16" title="IOS 16">iOS 16</a></figcaption></figure> Users have the option to start a one-on-one, end-to-end-encrypted “Secret Chat”,<a href="#cite_note-techfaq-79">[79]</a> which remains accessible only on the device where it was started and self-destructs upon logging out.<a href="#cite_note-TechCrunch-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-how-secure-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Secret Chats restrict screenshotting from Android devices and warn when one is taken from an iOS device, while also hiding the chat contents from the final image.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Secret Chats support <a href="/wiki/Perfect_Forward_Secrecy" class="mw-redirect" title="Perfect Forward Secrecy">perfect forward secrecy</a> and switch encryption keys after a key has been used 100 times or a week has passed.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-way-transf-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-te-transf-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rottermanner-2015-p6-85">[85]</a> Secret Chats are only available on Android, iOS and macOS clients.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Both in Secret and regular chats, messages can self-destruct after they are read, disappearing for all parties after a period set by the user, ranging from 1 day to 1 year.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telegram_Unsend_Messages-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Groups_and_channels">Groups and channels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Groups and channels">edit</a>]</div> Telegram users can create and join groups and channels. Groups are large multi-user chats that support up to 200,000 members and can be public or private. Users can freely join public chats and find them using the in-app search function, while private chats require an invitation. They support flexible admin rights and can use bots for <a href="/wiki/Content_moderation" title="Content moderation">moderation</a> to prevent spam and unwanted activity. Groups can be split into topics, effectively creating subgroups dedicated to various subjects with separate settings for each.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Admins can choose to hide the list of members in a group, as well as post anonymously themselves.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Similarly, groups and channels can have content protection enabled, which prevents screenshots, forwarding and downloading of media.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Ownership of channels and groups can be transferred to one of the admins if the owner wishes to give up their rights. Groups support threaded replies, where bringing up the context menu on a message allows one to open a screen with a thread of replies made to that message and the subsequent ones in the thread. Specific users can be tagged in the group by adding @username to a message, where “username” is that particular user's username. Groups and channels also support polls, which can be open or anonymous and can support multiple choices. When forwarded, polls retain the answer data and any votes cast in other chats will count toward the overall total.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Channels are one-way feeds where the channel owner or admins can post content while followers can only read, react and comment, if comments have been enabled.<a href="#cite_note-APSearchComments-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Channels can be created for broadcasting messages to an unlimited number of subscribers.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> The list of those who subscribe to a channel can only be seen by its admins. Posting in the channel is anonymous, though admins can choose to add signatures to their posts. Channels offer detailed statistics on view counts, user growth and interactions, also visible only to admins.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Channel owners are able to use Telegram to create giveaways, randomly awarding channel members with prizes such as Telegram Premium subscriptions to their followers, based on certain criteria.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Users with a Telegram Premium subscription have a number of "boosts" that they can give to channels, which allow the channel to "level up" and unlock features, such as the ability to customize messages or post stories as the channel.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In December 2019, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a> moved their messenger-based newsletter service from <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a> to Telegram after the former banned bulk and automated messaging.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-102">[102]</a> Other news services with official channels on the platform include the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>,<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Channels have also been used by governments and heads of state. Notable examples include <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a><a href="#cite_note-TimeZelenskyy-106">[106]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Channels have been used by journalists in oppressive regimes to establish independent news networks.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Games">Games</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Games">edit</a>]</div> Telegram also provides an open <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a> for the creation of custom bots which can perform various tasks, integrate other services into Telegram chats, or work as mini apps or games.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Most of them work on the 8XR game engine.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_and_voice_calls">Video and voice calls</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Video and voice calls">edit</a>]</div> Since 2017, Telegram users have been able to initiate one-on-one calls in private chats. Calls are end-to-end encrypted and prioritize <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> connections. Video calls were introduced in August 2020.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> According to Telegram, there is a <a href="/wiki/Artificial_neural_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial neural network">neural network</a> working to learn various technical parameters about a call to provide better quality of service for future uses.<a href="#cite_note-Telegram_Voice_Calls-114">[114]</a> Telegram added group voice chats in December 2020<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> and group video chats in June 2021.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Group voice and video chats support picture-in-picture video, as well as sharing one's screen, creating a recording of the call, noise suppression and selective muting.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> In channels, users can start a <a href="/wiki/Live_streaming" title="Live streaming">livestream</a>, that is able to integrate with third-party apps such as <a href="/wiki/OBS_Studio" title="OBS Studio">OBS Studio</a> and <a href="/wiki/XSplit" title="XSplit">XSplit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Once launched, a group voice chat will remain active and open to all group members until an admin specifically closes it.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Privacy_and_security_features">Privacy and security features</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Privacy and security features">edit</a>]</div> By default, logging into Telegram requires either an SMS message sent to the registered number or a code message sent to one of the active sessions on another device. Users have the option to set a two-step verification password and add a recovery email.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> In late 2022, options to <a href="/wiki/Sign_in_with_Apple" title="Sign in with Apple">Sign in with Apple</a> and Sign In with Google or with an email address were added.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Whenever a new device successfully logs in to a user's account, a special service notification is sent and a login alert is displayed in the chat list of their other devices.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> In the Privacy and Security submenu of Settings, users have the option to hide their “Last Seen” status,<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> which reflects the last time the user opened a Telegram app. Hiding the status obfuscates the exact time of the user being online and hides the statuses of other people respectively. Similarly, users can hide their phone number and profile photo from people based on categories such as Non-Contacts or by adding exceptions. When a user chooses to hide their profile photo, they have an option of setting an alternative "Public Profile Picture" that will be shown instead.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> In the same menu, users can restrict the circle of people who can call them or invite them to groups and channels, while Premium users also have the option to restrict who can send them voice messages.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The Devices submenu shows all of the active devices on a user's account and allows them to remotely log out from those devices.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_and_storage_settings">Data and storage settings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Data and storage settings">edit</a>]</div> Telegram clients have the ability to turn off media autoplay and automatic downloads for both WiFi and mobile data, adjusting them for media type and size. Auto download settings can also be applied based on chat type such as group, channel or private. Cache settings can be changed to automatically clear the cache once it reaches a certain size or a certain time passes. The interface shows users a visual representation of their storage usage and also lets them sort their cached media by size to clear specific items.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bots">Bots</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bots">edit</a>]</div> In June 2015, Telegram launched a platform for third-party developers to create <a href="/wiki/IM_bot" class="mw-redirect" title="IM bot">bots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Telegram_Bot_Platform-131">[131]</a> Bots are Telegram accounts operated by programs. They can respond to messages or <a href="/wiki/Mention_(blogging)" title="Mention (blogging)">mentions</a> directly or can be invited into groups, and are able to perform tasks, integrate with other programs and host mini apps.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Bots can accept <a href="/wiki/Online_payment" class="mw-redirect" title="Online payment">online payments</a> made with credit cards or <a href="/wiki/Apple_Pay" title="Apple Pay">Apple Pay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The Dutch website <a href="/wiki/Tweakers" title="Tweakers">Tweakers</a> reported that an invited bot can potentially read all group messages, when the bot controller changes the access settings silently at a later point in time. Telegram pointed out that it considered implementing a feature that would announce such a status change within the relevant group.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> There are also inline bots, which can be used from any chat screen. To activate an inline bot, a user must type the bot's username and a query in the message field. The bot then will offer its content. The user can choose from that content and send it within a chat.<a href="#cite_note-Inline_Bots-136">[136]</a> Certain approved bots are also able to integrate into the attachment menu, making them accessible in any chat.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Bots can handle transactions provided by <a href="/wiki/Paymentwall" title="Paymentwall">Paymentwall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yandex.Money" class="mw-redirect" title="Yandex.Money">Yandex.Money</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stripe_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stripe (company)">Stripe</a>, Ravepay, Razorpay, QiWi and <a href="/wiki/Google_Pay_(payment_method)" title="Google Pay (payment method)">Google Pay</a> for different countries.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Bots power Telegram's gaming platform, which utilizes HTML5, so games are loaded on-demand as needed, like ordinary webpages. Games work on iPhone 4 and newer, and on Android 4.4 devices and newer.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> People can use <a href="/wiki/Internet_Of_Things" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Of Things">Internet Of Things</a> (IoT) services with two-way interaction via <a href="/wiki/IFTTT" title="IFTTT">IFTTT</a> implemented within Telegram.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Telegram_android_app_test_receipt_order_Screenshot_20210627.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="app window user interface shows shipment address, name, price, payment software" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Telegram_android_app_test_receipt_order_Screenshot_20210627.png/220px-Telegram_android_app_test_receipt_order_Screenshot_20210627.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Telegram_android_app_test_receipt_order_Screenshot_20210627.png/330px-Telegram_android_app_test_receipt_order_Screenshot_20210627.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Telegram_android_app_test_receipt_order_Screenshot_20210627.png/440px-Telegram_android_app_test_receipt_order_Screenshot_20210627.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Test order receipt</figcaption></figure> In April 2021, the Payments 2.0 upgrade enabled bot payments within any chat, using third-party services such as Sberbank, Tranzoo, Payme, CLICK, LiqPay and ECOMMPAY to process the credit card information.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> In February 2018, Telegram launched their <a href="/wiki/Social_login" title="Social login">social login</a> feature to its users, named Telegram Login. It features a website widget that could be embedded into websites, allowing users to sign into a third party website with their Telegram account. The gateway sends the user's Telegram name, username, and profile picture to the website owner, while the user's phone number remains hidden. The gateway is integrated with a bot, which is linked with the developer's specific website domain.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> In June 2021, an update introduced a new bot menu where users can browse and send commands while in a chat with a bot.<a href="#cite_note-:2-74">[74]</a> In April 2022, bots gained support for customized interfaces and inline page loading. Interfaces can be adjusted to match the app's theme even if it changes while interacting with the bot.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> In October 2024, Telegram added increased messaging limits for bots, allowing bots to send up to 1000 messages per second to their users. Messages beyond the free limit of 30 per second are paid for using Telegram Stars.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stickers,_emoji,_reactions_and_effects">Stickers, emoji, reactions and effects</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Stickers, emoji, reactions and effects">edit</a>]</div> Telegram has more than 20,000 <a href="/wiki/Sticker_(messaging)" title="Sticker (messaging)">stickers</a>. Stickers are cloud-based, high-resolution images intended to provide more expressive <a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">emoji</a>. When typing in an emoji, the user is offered to send the respective sticker instead. Stickers come in collections called "packs", and multiple stickers can be offered for one emoji. Telegram comes with one default sticker pack,<a href="#cite_note-Telegram_Stickers-145">[145]</a> and users can install additional sticker packs provided by third-party contributors. Sticker sets installed from one client become automatically available to all other clients. Sticker images use <a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a> file format, which is better optimized to be transmitted over the internet. The Telegram clients also support animated emoji.<a href="#cite_note-:2-74">[74]</a> In January 2022, video stickers were added, which use the <a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a> file format and do not feature any software requirements to create.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In August 2019, Telegram introduced animated emoji,<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> larger versions of familiar emoji with unique animations. In September 2021, Telegram added interactive emoji, a type of animated emoji which also play a fullscreen effect in the chat.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> These kinds of effects were later used for Premium Stickers in June 2022<a href="#cite_note-auto3-149">[149]</a> and for message effects in May 2024.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> In August 2022, Telegram launched an emoji platform where users could upload their own custom emoji, either in animated or static versions.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> While any user can upload custom emoji to the platform, the use of custom emoji in chats is only available to users with Telegram Premium.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Reactions were first added to Telegram in 2021<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> and expanded to include more emoji options for Premium users.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-149">[149]</a> In September 2022, Telegram gave free users access to dozens of reactions, even some that were only previously available to Premium subscribers. In order to accommodate the new reactions, the reaction panel was expanded and redesigned.<a href="#cite_note-xda-developers.com-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People_Nearby_and_Groups_Nearby">People Nearby and Groups Nearby</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: People Nearby and Groups Nearby">edit</a>]</div> People Nearby can help users meet new friends by turning on phone GPS location and opting-in contacts and through Groups Nearby people can create a local group by adding location data to groups.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> It is planned that People Nearby will be sunsetted in the future.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stories">Stories</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Stories">edit</a>]</div> Similar to other social platforms, Telegram users can post <a href="/wiki/Story_(social_media)" title="Story (social media)">stories</a>, a type of short-form content. Telegram stories have several distinctive features, like a dual-camera mode, extra privacy settings, the ability to edit stories after posting them, as well as to rewind and fast-forward them while watching.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Premium_features">Premium features</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Premium features">edit</a>]</div> Telegram Premium was launched on 19 June 2022 with regional pricing.<a href="#cite_note-700M_premium-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-55">[55]</a> The optional paid subscription gives users increased limits in the app, such as larger file uploads, faster download speeds, unlimited voice message transcription,<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> as well as numerous other increases such as the number of pinned chats and folders. Premium users have access to extra stickers, emoji, reactions, and customization features like a special badge and the ability to change the look of their messages in chats. Premium users get access to additional settings, like instant chat translation, and the ability to restrict who can send them voice messages.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> As of 2023, Telegram Premium can be acquired via in-app purchases facilitated by Apple and Google, directly via Telegram's @PremiumBot, or with cryptocurrency on the Fragment platform.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Users are able to purchase a subscription for themselves, or purchase a subscription for someone else to send as a gift. Premium subscriptions can also be won through official Channel Giveaways, in which Telegram channels pre-purchase a specific number of Premium subscriptions that are randomly given away to their subscribers.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_platforms">Related platforms</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Related platforms">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Telegra.ph_example_article_editing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Telegra.ph_example_article_editing.png/220px-Telegra.ph_example_article_editing.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Telegra.ph_example_article_editing.png/330px-Telegra.ph_example_article_editing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Telegra.ph_example_article_editing.png/440px-Telegra.ph_example_article_editing.png 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="1148" /></a><figcaption>Telegraph article</figcaption></figure> People can use their Telegram accounts to author articles on Telegraph – a minimalistic text editor and publisher. While articles on Telegraph can be published anonymously, tying them to one's account allows one to check their view count and edit them later. Telegraph natively supports Instant View, a feature which lets users read full articles in the chat with no load time and without opening an external browser.<a href="#cite_note-auto-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> When an article is first published, the URL is generated automatically from its title. Non-Latin characters are transliterated, spaces are replaced with hyphens, and the date of publication is added to the address. For example, an article titled "Telegraph (blog platform)" published on 17 November would receive the URL <code>/Telegraph-blog-platform-11-17</code>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-165">[165]</a> Text formatting options are also minimal: two levels of headings, single-level lists, bold, italics, quotes, and hyperlinks are supported. Authors could upload images and videos to the page, with a limit of 5 <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">MB</a>, however, it has been disabled since September 2024.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> When an author adds links to YouTube, Vimeo, or Twitter, the service allows you to embed their content directly in the article.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> In February 2018, Telegram launched their <a href="/wiki/Social_login" title="Social login">social login</a> feature to its users, named Telegram Login. It features a website widget that could be embedded into websites, allowing users to sign into a third party website with their Telegram account. The gateway sends users' Telegram name, username, and profile picture to the website owner, while users' phone number remains hidden. The gateway is integrated with a bot, which is linked with the developer's specific website domain.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> In July 2018, Telegram introduced their online authorization and <a href="/wiki/Identity-management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity-management system">identity-management system</a>, Telegram Passport, for platforms that require real-life identification.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> It asks users to upload their own official documents such as passport, identity card, driver license, etc. When an online service requires such identification documents and verification, it forwards the information to the platform with the user's permission. Telegram stated that it does not have access to the data, while the platform will share the information only with the authorized recipient.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> However, the service was criticised for being vulnerable to online <a href="/wiki/Brute-force_attack" title="Brute-force attack">brute-force attacks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> In December 2020, Telegram launched a Bugs and Suggestions platform,<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> where users can submit bug reports and suggestion cards for new features. Others can then vote and comment on the cards. In October 2024, Telegram launched a verification platform, called Telegram Gateway, allowing third-party services to authenticate their users by sending verification codes via Telegram.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Privacy">Privacy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Privacy">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Explanation_of_secret_chats_(Telegram).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Explanation_of_secret_chats_%28Telegram%29.png/300px-Explanation_of_secret_chats_%28Telegram%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Explanation_of_secret_chats_%28Telegram%29.png/450px-Explanation_of_secret_chats_%28Telegram%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Explanation_of_secret_chats_%28Telegram%29.png/600px-Explanation_of_secret_chats_%28Telegram%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2330" data-file-height="1010" /></a><figcaption>A simplified illustration of the MTProto encryption scheme</figcaption></figure> For encrypted chats (branded as Secret Chats), Telegram uses a custom-built <a href="/wiki/Symmetric_encryption" class="mw-redirect" title="Symmetric encryption">symmetric encryption</a> scheme called MTProto. The protocol was developed by <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Durov" title="Nikolai Durov">Nikolai Durov</a> and other developers at Telegram and, as of version 2.0, is based on 256-bit symmetric <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard" title="Advanced Encryption Standard">AES</a> encryption, 2048-bit <a href="/wiki/RSA_(cryptosystem)" title="RSA (cryptosystem)">RSA</a> encryption and <a href="/wiki/Diffie%E2%80%93Hellman_key_exchange" title="Diffie–Hellman key exchange">Diffie–Hellman key exchange</a>.<a href="#cite_note-techfaq-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-176">[176]</a> MTProto 1.0 was deprecated in favor of MTProto 2.0 in December 2017, which was deployed in Telegram clients as of v4.6.<a href="#cite_note-:15-176">[176]</a> Version 2.0 was <a href="/wiki/Zero-knowledge_proof" title="Zero-knowledge proof">proven formally correct</a> in December 2020 by a team from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Udine" title="University of Udine">University of Udine, Italy</a>. The team reviewed the protocol after realizing that they could only find in-depth verifications done of version 1.0, where most criticisms were levied. They used <a href="/wiki/ProVerif" title="ProVerif">ProVerif</a>, a verifier based on the <a href="/wiki/Symbolic_model_checking" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolic model checking">symbolic</a> <a href="/wiki/Dolev%E2%80%93Yao_model" title="Dolev–Yao model">Dolev-Yao model</a>. In the published paper, they "provide a fully automated proof of the soundness of MTProto 2.0’s protocols for authentication, normal chat, end-to-end encrypted chat, and re-keying mechanisms with respect to several security properties, including authentication, integrity, confidentiality and perfect forward secrecy...MTProto 2.0 is assumed to be a perfect authenticated encryption scheme (<a href="/wiki/Ciphertext_indistinguishability" title="Ciphertext indistinguishability">IND-CCA</a> and INT-CTXT)."<a href="#cite_note-:15-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-:16-177">[177]</a> However, the team also stated that because all communication, including plaintext and ciphertext, passes through Telegram servers, and because the server is responsible for choosing Diffie–Hellman parameters, the "server should not be considered as trusted." They also concluded that a <a href="/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack" title="Man-in-the-middle attack">man-in-the-middle attack</a> is possible if users fail to check the <a href="/wiki/Fingerprint_(computing)" title="Fingerprint (computing)">fingerprints</a> of their shared <a href="/wiki/Key_(cryptography)" title="Key (cryptography)">keys</a>. Finally, they qualified their conclusion with the caveat that "properties need to be formally proved in order to deem MTProto 2.0 definitely secure. This proof cannot be done in a symbolic model like ProVerif’s, but it can be achieved in a computational model, using tools like <a href="/wiki/CryptoVerif" title="CryptoVerif">CryptoVerif</a> or EasyCrypt." <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Servers">Servers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Servers">edit</a>]</div> As with most instant messaging protocols, Telegram uses <a href="/wiki/Centralized_computing" title="Centralized computing">centralized</a> servers. Telegram Messenger LLP has servers in a number of countries throughout the world to improve the response time of their service.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Telegram's server-side software is closed-source and proprietary.<a href="#cite_note-faq-why-not-open-souce-8">[8]</a> Pavel Durov said that it would require a major architectural redesign of the server-side software to connect independent servers to the Telegram cloud.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> For users who signed in from the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a> (EEA) or United Kingdom, the <a href="/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation" title="General Data Protection Regulation">General Data Protection Regulations</a> (GDPR) are supported by storing data only on servers in the Netherlands, and designating a <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>-based company as their responsible data controller.<a href="#cite_note-lexology-20200129-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-telegram-storingdata-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-telegram-eea-182">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clients">Clients</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Clients">edit</a>]</div> Telegram has various client apps, some developed by Telegram Messenger LLP and some by the community. Most of them are <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open-source">free and open-source</a> and released under the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public Licence</a> version 2 or 3. The official clients support sending any file format extensions. The built-in media viewer supports common media formats – JPEG, PNG, WebP for images and H.264 and HEVC in videos in MP4 container and MP3, FLAC, Vorbis, Opus and AAC for audio. In 2021, the Telegram team announced a direct build of its Android app. Telegram for Android is available directly from the Telegram website.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> It is automatically updated and will most likely get new versions faster than the apps in the Play Store and App Store.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> A distinctive feature of this version is the ability to view channels/groups on a specific topic without censorship, which cannot be viewed from an app distributed from Google Play or the Apple Store due to their policies.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Common specifications: <ul><li>No cloud backup option for secret chat</li></ul> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Platform(s)</th> <th>Official</th> <th>Source code license</th> <th>Support for secret chats</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Telegram</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">GPLv2 or later<a href="#cite_note-Apps-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td>Supports <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablets</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wear_OS" title="Wear OS">Wear OS</a> smart watches.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Support synchronisation between multiple devices. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Telegram</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">GPLv2 or later<a href="#cite_note-Apps-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td>Launched in August 2013 for <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">iPod Touch</a> and relaunched in July 2014 with support for <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Apple Watch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> No longer compatible with <a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Telegram X</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a></td> <td style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">GPLv3 or later<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td>An alternative Telegram client written from scratch, with higher speed, slicker animations, themes and more efficient battery use.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> iOS version is written with <a href="/wiki/Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a>. Android version based on TDLib. The iOS version was discontinued, with its code merged with the main Telegram app. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Telegram Messenger</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">GPLv2 or later<a href="#cite_note-Apps-185">[185]</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td>Provide synchronization between all platforms. No longer supported. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Telegram Desktop</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">GPLv3 with OpenSSL exception<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td>Qt-based desktop client. The Windows client is a traditional desktop app published in three flavors (with installer, portable, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Store_app" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Store app">Windows Store app</a>). The desktop version cannot be used anymore to register and log in, this feature is officially supported by the mobile app only.<a href="#cite_note-desktop-login-64">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Telegram</td> <td><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">GPLv2<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td>Native macOS client. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Telegram Web A / Web K</td> <td>Web</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">GPLv3<a href="#cite_note-WebK-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-WebA-198">[198]</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td>Two web-based versions of Telegram.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> The web version cannot be used to register and log in, this feature is officially supported by the mobile app only.<a href="#cite_note-web-login-200">[200]</a> The code for the legacy web client called Webogram is available as well, though this version is no longer supported.<a href="#cite_note-gh-webogram-201">[201]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="APIs">APIs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: APIs">edit</a>]</div> Telegram has public <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">APIs</a> with which developers can access the same functionality as Telegram's official apps to build their own instant messaging applications.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> In February 2015, creators of the unofficial WhatsApp+ client released the Telegram Plus app, later renamed to Plus Messenger, after their original project got a <a href="/wiki/Cease_and_desist" title="Cease and desist">cease-and-desist order</a> from <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> In September 2015, <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> released a messaging application based on these APIs.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> Telegram also offers an API that allows developers to create <a href="/wiki/IM_bot" class="mw-redirect" title="IM bot">bots</a>, which are accounts controlled by programs.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> Such bots are used, among other things, to emulate and play old games in the app and inform users about vaccine availability for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> In addition, Telegram offers functions for making payments directly within the platform, alongside an external service such as <a href="/wiki/Stripe_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stripe (company)">Stripe</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business">Business</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Business">edit</a>]</div> The company was initially supported by founding CEO Pavel Durov's personal funds after the sale of his stake in VK. In January 2018, it launched a private placement and collected $1.7 billion from investors such as <a href="/wiki/Kleiner_Perkins" title="Kleiner Perkins">Kleiner Perkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_Capital" title="Sequoia Capital">Sequoia Capital</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Benchmark_(venture_capital_firm)" title="Benchmark (venture capital firm)">Benchmark</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> After the shutdown of the <a href="/wiki/Telegram_Open_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegram Open Network">TON</a> project, the company needed to repay the investors the money that was not spent on its development during 2018 and the beginning of 2019, while the project was active.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> On 15 March 2021, Telegram conducted a five-year public bonds placement worth $1 billion. The funding was required to cover the debts amounting to $625.7 million, including $433 million to investors who bought futures for Gram tokens in 2018 and included purchasers such as <a href="/wiki/David_Yakobashvili" title="David Yakobashvili">David Yakobashvili</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Telegram_разместил_бонды_на_$1_млрд-212">[212]</a> On 23 March, Telegram sold additional bonds worth $150 million to the Abu Dhabi <a href="/wiki/Mubadala_Investment_Company" title="Mubadala Investment Company">Mubadala Investment Company</a> and Abu Dhabi Catalyst Partners.<a href="#cite_note-TC_On_Bonds-213">[213]</a> A day later, the Mubadala Investment Company stated that Russia's <a href="/wiki/Russian_Direct_Investment_Fund" title="Russian Direct Investment Fund">sovereign wealth fund</a> participated in its deal undisclosed through the Russia-<a href="/wiki/UAE" class="mw-redirect" title="UAE">UAE</a> joint investment platform to buy convertible bonds. A Telegram spokesperson stated: "RDIF is not in the list of investors we sold bonds to. We wouldn't be open to any transaction with this fund" and "[t]he funds that did invest, including Mubadala, confirmed to us that RDIF was not among their LPs [limited partners]."<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> According to the contract, the holders of the bonds will be provided with an option to convert them to shares at a 10% discount if the company conducts an open IPO.<a href="#cite_note-Schechner-215">[215]</a> Durov stated that the move aimed to "enable Telegram to continue growing globally while sticking to its values and remaining independent". According to press reports, prior to the bonds placement, Durov had rejected an investment offer for a 5–10% stake in the company as well as several undisclosed ones, valuing the company in a $30–40 billion range.<a href="#cite_note-TC_On_Bonds-213">[213]</a> In March 2024, Telegram sold an additional $330 million in bonds. Durov said the bond sale "will further solidify our position as an independent platform that is able to challenge the 'Goliaths' of our industry".<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advertising_and_monetization">Advertising and monetization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Advertising and monetization">edit</a>]</div> Telegram has stated that the company will never serve advertisements in private chats.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> In late 2020, Durov announced that the company was working on its own ad platform, and would integrate non-targeted ads in public one-to-many channels, that already were selling and displaying ads in the form of regular messages.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> Ads from Telegram's "Sponsored Messages" platform began to appear in channels with more than 1000 followers in October 2021. In late 2020, Durov announced that Telegram will consider adding paid features aimed at enterprise clients. According to him, these features will require more bandwidth and the added cost will be covered by the feature prices, in addition to covering some of the costs incurred by regular users.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pay_per_view_bots">Pay per view bots</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Pay per view bots">edit</a>]</div> In 2022, Telegram canceled a bot monetization upgrade program, because Apple demanded a cut.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TON_Telegram_Open_Network">TON Telegram Open Network</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: TON Telegram Open Network">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Open_Network" title="The Open Network">The Open Network</a></div> In 2017, in an attempt to monetize Telegram without advertising, the company began the development of a <a href="/wiki/Blockchain" title="Blockchain">blockchain</a> platform dubbed either "The Open Network" or "<a href="/wiki/Telegram_Open_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegram Open Network">Telegram Open Network</a>" (TON) and its native <a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrency" title="Cryptocurrency">cryptocurrency</a> "Gram". The project was announced in mid-December 2017<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> and its 132-page technical paper became available in January 2018.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-222">[222]</a> The codebase behind TON was developed by Pavel Durov's brother <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Durov" title="Nikolai Durov">Nikolai Durov</a>, the core developer of Telegram's MTProto protocol.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> In January 2018 a 23-page white paper<a href="#cite_note-auto1-222">[222]</a> and a detailed 132-page technical paper<a href="#cite_note-auto1-222">[222]</a> for TON blockchain became available.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> Durov planned to power TON with the existing Telegram user base, and turn it into the largest blockchain and a platform for apps and services akin to a decentralized <a href="/wiki/WeChat" title="WeChat">WeChat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google_Play" title="Google Play">Google Play</a>, and <a href="/wiki/App_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store">App Store</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> Besides, the TON had the potential to become a decentralized alternative to <a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa</a> and <a href="/wiki/MasterCard" class="mw-redirect" title="MasterCard">MasterCard</a> due to its ability to scale and support millions of transactions per second.<a href="#cite_note-binance-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-rbth-228">[228]</a> In January and February 2018 the company ran a private sale of futures contracts for Grams,<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> raising around $1.7 billion.<a href="#cite_note-cnews-230">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-verge-231">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-shen1-232">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> No public <a href="/wiki/Initial_coin_offering" title="Initial coin offering">offering</a> took place.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> The development of TON took place in a completely isolated manner, and the release was postponed several times.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> The test network was launched in January 2019.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> The launch of the TON main network was scheduled for 31 October.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> On October 30, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a> obtained a temporary restrictive order to prevent the distribution of Grams to initial purchasers; the regulator considered the legal scheme employed by Telegram as an unregistered securities offering with initial buyers acting as <a href="/wiki/Underwriters" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwriters">underwriters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> The judge hearing the Telegram v. SEC case, <a href="/wiki/P._Kevin_Castel" title="P. Kevin Castel">P. Kevin Castel</a>, ultimately agreed with the SEC's argument<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> and kept the restrictions on Gram distribution in force. The ban applied to non-U.S.-based purchasers as well, because Telegram could not prevent the re-sale of Grams to U.S. citizens on a secondary market, as the anonymity of users was one of the key features of TON.<a href="#cite_note-JDSUPRA-240">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-GreenbergTraurig-241">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYLAW-242">[242]</a> Following that, Durov announced the end of Telegram's active involvement with TON. On 26 June, the judge approved the settlement between Telegram and SEC. The company agreed to pay an $18.5 million penalty and return $1.22 billion to Gram purchasers.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> In March 2021, Telegram launched a bonds offering to cover the debt and fund further growth of the app.<a href="#cite_note-Telegram_разместил_бонды_на_$1_млрд-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schechner-215">[215]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> Due to Telegram's mixed nature as both a private communication method and a social media-like platform with mass groups and channels, along with its minimal restrictions on content with only calls to violence, illegal forms of pornography<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> and scamming forbidden, the platform has been used by organizations and large groups for recruitment and spreading of their agenda. Organized use of the app has been linked to pro-democracy protests in Belarus,<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> Russia,<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> Hong Kong<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> and Iran,<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> as well as to the dissemination of state propaganda and violent rhetoric in oppressive regimes, the promotion of extremist views, and the digitalization of services provided by government entities and private businesses.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> The app has been criticized by numerous research institutions and internet monitoring bodies due to violent organizations like <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">ISIS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_civil_war_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Myanmar civil war (2021–present)">Myanmar junta</a> using the app to communicate, both privately between members and publicly through channel posts. While Telegram made substantial efforts<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto4-257">[257]</a> to ban illegal content such as child abuse and pro-terrorist channels, including a partnership with Europol<a href="#cite_note-auto2-258">[258]</a> to eliminate IS presence on the platform, communities of far-left and far-right, antivaxx, Antifa and extremist users are still found on the app. Such content is usually linked to Telegram allowing misinformation on the platform as, according to founder and CEO Pavel Durov, "conspiracy theories only strengthen each time their content is removed by moderators".<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> In September 2024, Telegram announced that it will begin to hand over users' IP addresses and phone numbers to authorities who have search warrants or other valid legal requests.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_by_militant_groups">Use by militant groups</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Use by militant groups">edit</a>]</div> In September 2015, in response to a question about the use of Telegram by <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> (ISIS), Pavel Durov stated: "I think that privacy, ultimately, and our right for privacy is more important than our fear of bad things happening, like <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>."<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> Durov sarcastically suggested to ban words because terrorists use them for communication.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> ISIS has used Telegram for recruiting attempts with some cells recommending the app<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> to their followers. In France, initial investigations<a href="#cite_note-:1-264">[264]</a> of a terrorist act revealed the perpetrators used Telegram to communicate, though follow-up research suggested that the extent of the app's use was "unclear".<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> Beginning in December 2016,Telegram began publishing daily moderation statistics regarding terror-related content in an official channel named @ISISwatch.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> Following efforts by Telegram to remove ISIS-related content from the platform,<a href="#cite_note-auto2-258">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> the terrorist organization reportedly moved its recruitment groups to the dark web,<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> with US officials citing the app's purging of terrorist content as particularly effective<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> at deplatforming ISIS. In 2023, Saudi Arabia's Global Center for Combating Extremist Ideology (Etidal) reported that in collaboration with Telegram, over 59 million pieces of extremist content had been removed from the platform since 2022.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> Throughout 2020, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps used groups and channels to dox Iraqi and Iranian citizens, while sharing propagandistic posts on the platform.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> After the 2021 coup d'état in Myanmar, Telegram channels were used by the junta to spread propaganda<a href="#cite_note-:10-273">[273]</a> and organize misinformation campaigns against pro-democracy groups. In response to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights call to prevent such abuse, Telegram reportedly banned 13 accounts related to or supporting the Myanmar military.<a href="#cite_note-:9-274">[274]</a> On 26 April 2023, Telegram was temporarily suspended throughout Brazil, and the company was fined <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">R$</a>1 million (2023) (<a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">US$</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>185,528.76) per day for not complying with a <a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_of_Brazil" title="Federal Police of Brazil">Federal Police</a> investigation into neo-Nazi activities on the platform. The company only partially fulfilled a court request for personal data on two anti-Semitic Telegram groups, which authorities considered an intentional lack of cooperation. The decision was made after a series of violent school attacks, with at least one incident being linked to exchanges on an anti-Semitic group.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> The Telegram CEO then said that the requested data was technologically impossible to obtain.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> A federal court lifted the suspension three days later, but upheld the daily fine.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> Twelve days later, Telegram told its users that the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Congressional_Bill_No._2630" title="Brazilian Congressional Bill No. 2630">Brazilian Congressional Bill No. 2630</a> against online disinformation, which was about to be approved, would end <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a> in the country.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> Far-right and white supremacist communities on Telegram have spread videos of the Christchurch and Halle shootings<a href="#cite_note-:8-279">[279]</a> in groups and channels after the original livestreams were taken down by Twitch. British far-right publication TR.news,<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> following multiple deplatformings, launched a Telegram channel to spread its posts and the Institute for Strategic Dialogue<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> reported that Irish far-right groups grew substantially between 2019 and 2020. However, research from the Oxford University<a href="#cite_note-comprop.oii.ox.ac.uk-282">[282]</a> suggests that, due to Telegram not using sorting algorithms in its search function, many such groups remain obscure and small while select others receive a lot of attention. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illegal_pornography">Illegal pornography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Illegal pornography">edit</a>]</div> Telegram has been used to distribute illegal <a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">pornography</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">child pornography</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> Telegram's internal reporting system has an option to report content that contains child abuse, including specific messages in groups and channels. The company has a verified channel called "Stop Child Abuse", where daily statistics on the number of groups and channels banned for sharing illegal materials are posted. It also provides an email address dedicated to reports of content related to child abuse.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> In January 2021, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">Macedonian</a> media outlets reported that a now-banned Telegram group, with more than 7,000 members, titled "Public Room" ("Јавна соба") was used to share nude photos of women, often young teenage girls.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> Along with the shared photographs, anonymous accounts shared private information of the women, including phone numbers and social media profiles, encouraging members of the group to contact the women and ask for sexual favors.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> This was done without prior agreement or knowledge of the women, causing intense public backlash and demand for the group to be shut down. The President of North Macedonia <a href="/wiki/Stevo_Pendarovski" title="Stevo Pendarovski">Stevo Pendarovski</a>, along with the Prime Minister of North Macedonia <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Zaev" title="Zoran Zaev">Zoran Zaev</a>, demanded an immediate reaction from Telegram and threatened to completely restrict access to the app in the country if no actions were taken.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> The group was banned after reports from users and media, although no public statement was made. An investigation published in August 2024 by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> showed that Telegram has not responded to requests to join the US–based <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Missing_%26_Exploited_Children" title="National Center for Missing & Exploited Children">National Center for Missing & Exploited Children</a> (NCMEC), nor from the UK–based <a href="/wiki/Internet_Watch_Foundation" title="Internet Watch Foundation">Internet Watch Foundation</a>, both non–profit <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_Organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-governmental Organizations">NGO</a>'s. Telegram responded to the BBC's reporting, stating that Telegram "proactively moderates harmful content on its platform including child abuse material", and that its moderation is "within industry standards and constantly improving".<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> in August 2024, Journalist Ko Narin of Hankyoreh exposed Telegram chats of teenagers who used AI to deepfake images of their classmates and teachers for porn.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> 26 November 2024 BBC and Radiofarda discovered Iranian regime hosting CP posting channels.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bot_abuse">Bot abuse</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Bot abuse">edit</a>]</div> In 2021, a bot was found selling leaked phone numbers from Facebook.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> The chairman of the public organization "Electronic Democracy" Volodymyr Flents on 11 May 2020 announced that a Telegram bot appeared on the Web, which sold the personal data of Ukrainian citizens. It is estimated that the bot contains data from 26 million Ukrainians registered in the <a href="/wiki/Diia" title="Diia">Diia</a> application. However, deputy prime minister and minister of digital transformation <a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Fedorov" title="Mykhailo Fedorov">Mykhailo Fedorov</a> denied any data from the app being leaked. The criminal activity of 25 people was confirmed and copies of 30 databases were seized.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> In 2020, a Telegram bot was blocked by Apple after posting <a href="/wiki/Deepfake_pornography" title="Deepfake pornography">deepfake pornography</a>.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> In 2020, Telegram reportedly banned more than 350,000 bots and channels, including those that contained child abuse and terrorism-related content.<a href="#cite_note-auto4-257">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fraudulent_jobs">Fraudulent jobs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Fraudulent jobs">edit</a>]</div> Telegram has received criticism for its failure to curb fraud on the platform. The most common mode of fraud involves scammers sending messages to unsuspecting users, offering part-time online jobs which comprise a series of tasks. Scammers employ a variety of <a href="/wiki/Confidence_tricks" class="mw-redirect" title="Confidence tricks">confidence tricks</a> to entice users into completing "prepaid tasks" in which users deposit money into scammers' accounts with the expectation of receiving high returns.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> In July 2023, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad Police">Hyderabad Police</a> uncovered a fraud wherein 15,000 Indian citizens were duped out of ₹712 crore (US$85 million) in less than a year, all related to "prepaid tasks" on Telegram. A cybercrime police investigation of the money trail revealed that the fraud originated from China and the money was laundered by <a href="/wiki/Money_mule" title="Money mule">mules</a> through <a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrency_wallets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptocurrency wallets">cryptocurrency wallets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> In September 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Police_Force" title="Singapore Police Force">Singapore Police Force</a> stated that more than 6,600 Singaporeans had lost over <a href="/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">S$</a>96.8 million (<a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">US$</a>72.24 million) to prepaid job scams on Telegram and WhatsApp since the start of the year.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copyright_infringement">Copyright infringement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Copyright infringement">edit</a>]</div> In March 2024, a judge of Spain's <a href="/wiki/Audiencia_Nacional" title="Audiencia Nacional">Audiencia Nacional</a> ordered the temporary blocking of Telegram in Spain. The order came following a complaint from media organizations —<a href="/wiki/Mediaset_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Mediaset España">Mediaset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atresmedia" title="Atresmedia">Atresmedia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Movistar_Plus%2B" title="Movistar Plus+">Movistar Plus+</a>— saying that the app allowed users to share copyrighted content without their consent.<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> A few days later, following repeated criticism, the same judge suspended his order until the police issue a report on the consequences that this measure would have for users.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> Finally, the judge annulled the order, considering it "disproportionate."<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drug_trade">Drug trade</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Drug trade">edit</a>]</div> In recent years, Telegram has become more popular for the purpose of buying and selling illicit drugs. In 2024, Sociology Compass released a paper exploring this trend in drug trade.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User_numbers">User numbers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: User numbers">edit</a>]</div> In August 2024, an EU probe was launched into Telegram to determine whether the platform breached EU digital rules by failing to provide accurate user numbers.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> Telegram said in February 2024 that it had 41mn users in the EU. Under the EU’s <a href="/wiki/Digital_Services_Act" title="Digital Services Act">Digital Services Act</a> (DSA), Telegram was supposed to provide an updated number in August but failed to do so, only declaring it had “significantly fewer than 45mn average monthly active recipients in the EU”.<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> Channels have been used by celebrities such as <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> and politicians: <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of France</a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>,<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Brazil" title="President of Brazil">President of Brazil</a> <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a>,<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Turkish President</a> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Moldova" title="President of Moldova">President of Moldova</a> <a href="/wiki/Maia_Sandu" title="Maia Sandu">Maia Sandu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">President of Ukraine</a> <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-TimeZelenskyy-106">[106]</a> former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">Mexican President</a> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</a>,<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Singaporean Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong" title="Lee Hsien Loong">Lee Hsien Loong</a>,<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> former <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">US President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Uzbekistan" title="President of Uzbekistan">President of Uzbekistan</a> <a href="/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev" title="Shavkat Mirziyoyev">Shavkat Mirziyoyev</a>, former <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">Taiwan President</a> <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Ethiopian Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Israeli Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> and others. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security">Security</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Security">edit</a>]</div> Telegram's security model has received notable criticism by cryptography experts. They criticized how, unless modified first, the default general security model stores all contacts, messages and media together with their decryption keys on its servers continuously; and that it does not enable <a href="/wiki/End-to-end_encryption" title="End-to-end encryption">end-to-end encryption</a> for messages by default.<a href="#cite_note-cpj-2016-05-31-320">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-Turton-2016-06-24-321">[321]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Durov" title="Pavel Durov">Pavel Durov</a> has argued that this is because it helps to avoid third-party unsecured backups, and to allow users to access messages and files from any device. Criticisms were also aimed at Telegram's use of a custom-designed encryption protocol.<a href="#cite_note-cpj-2016-05-31-320">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jakobsen_2015-322">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cox-2015-323">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-dailydot.com-324">[324]</a> In December 2020, a study titled "Automated Symbolic Verification of Telegram's MTProto 2.0" was published, confirming the security of the updated MTProto 2.0 and reviewing it while pointing out several theoretical vulnerabilities.<a href="#cite_note-Miculan_2020-325">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miculan_2023-326">[326]</a> The paper provides "fully automated proof of the soundness of MTProto 2.0's authentication, normal chat, end-to-end encrypted chat, and re-keying mechanisms with respect to several security properties, including authentication, integrity, confidentiality and perfect forward secrecy" and "proves the formal correctness of MTProto 2.0". This partially addresses the concern about the lack of scrutiny while confirming the formal security of the protocol's latest version.<a href="#cite_note-Miculan_2020-325">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miculan_2023-326">[326]</a> The desktop clients, excluding the <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> client, do not feature options for end-to-end encrypted messages. When the user assigns a local password in the desktop application, data is also locally encrypted. Telegram has defended the lack of ubiquitous end-to-end encryption by saying that online-backups that do not use <a href="/wiki/Client-side_encryption" title="Client-side encryption">client-side encryption</a> are "the most secure solution currently possible".<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> In May 2016, critics disputed claims by Telegram that it is "more secure than mass market messengers like WhatsApp and <a href="/wiki/Line_(application)" class="mw-redirect" title="Line (application)">Line</a>",<a href="#cite_note-how-secure-80">[80]</a> as WhatsApp claims to apply end-to-end encryption to all of its traffic by default and uses the <a href="/wiki/Signal_Protocol" title="Signal Protocol">Signal Protocol</a>, which has been "reviewed and endorsed by leading security experts", while Telegram does neither and stores all messages, media and contacts in their cloud.<a href="#cite_note-cpj-2016-05-31-320">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-Turton-2016-06-24-321">[321]</a> Since July 2016, Line has also applied end-to-end encryption to all of its messages by default,<a href="#cite_note-Sawers-2016-06-30-328">[328]</a> though it has also been criticized for being susceptible to replay attacks and the lack of forward secrecy between clients.<a href="#cite_note-Espinoza-329">[329]</a> In 2013, an author on the Russian programming website <a href="/wiki/Habr" title="Habr">Habr</a> discovered a weakness in the first version of MTProto that would allow an attacker to mount a man-in-the-middle attack and prevent the victim from being alerted by a changed key fingerprint. The bug was fixed on the day of the publication with a $100,000 payout to the author and a statement on Telegram's official blog.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> On 26 February 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Consumer_organization" title="Consumer organization">consumer organization</a> <a href="/wiki/Stiftung_Warentest" title="Stiftung Warentest">Stiftung Warentest</a> evaluated several data-protection aspects of Telegram, along with other popular instant-messaging clients. Among the aspects considered were: the security of the data transmission, the service's terms of use, the accessibility of the source code, and the distribution of the app. Telegram was rated 'problematic' (kritisch) overall. The organization was favorable to Telegram's secure chats and partially free code but criticized the mandatory transfer of contact data to Telegram's servers and the lack of an imprint or address on the service's website. It noted that while the message data is encrypted on the device, it could not analyze the transmission due to a lack of source code.<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a> (EFF) listed Telegram on its "Secure Messaging Scorecard" in February 2015. Telegram's default chat function received a score of 4 out of 7 points on the scorecard. It received points for having communications encrypted in transit, having its code open to independent review, having the security design properly documented, and having completed a recent independent security audit. Telegram's default chat function missed points because the communications were not encrypted with keys the provider did not have access to, users could not verify contacts' identities, and past messages were not secure if the encryption keys were stolen. Telegram's optional secret chat function, which provides end-to-end encryption, received a score of 7 out of 7 points on the scorecard.<a href="#cite_note-EFF-scorecard-v1-332">[332]</a> The EFF said that the results "should not be read as endorsements of individual tools or guarantees of their security", and that they were merely indications that the projects were "on the right track".<a href="#cite_note-EFF-scorecard-v1-332">[332]</a> In December 2015, two researchers from <a href="/wiki/Aarhus_University" title="Aarhus University">Aarhus University</a> published a report in which they demonstrated that MTProto 1.0 did not achieve <a href="/wiki/Ciphertext_indistinguishability#Indistinguishability_under_chosen_ciphertext_attack/adaptive_chosen_ciphertext_attack_(IND-CCA1,_IND-CCA2)" title="Ciphertext indistinguishability">indistinguishability under chosen-ciphertext attack</a> (IND-CCA) or <a href="/wiki/Authenticated_encryption" title="Authenticated encryption">authenticated encryption</a>.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> The researchers stressed that the attack was of a theoretical nature and they "did not see any way of turning the attack into a full plaintext-recovery attack". Nevertheless, they said they saw "no reason why [Telegram] should use a less secure encryption scheme when more secure (and at least as efficient) solutions exist".<a href="#cite_note-Jakobsen-2015-p1-334">[334]</a> The Telegram team responded that the flaw does not affect message security<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> and that "a future patch would address the concern".<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> Telegram 4.6, released in December 2017, supports MTProto 2.0, which now satisfied the conditions for IND-CCA.<a href="#cite_note-Turton-2016-06-24-321">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> MTProto 2.0 is seen by qualified cryptographers as a vast improvement to Telegram's security.<a href="#cite_note-Turton-2016-06-24-321">[321]</a> In April 2016, the accounts of several Russian opposition members were hijacked by intercepting the SMS messages used for login authorization.<a href="#cite_note-Lokot-2016-05-02-338">[338]</a> In response, Telegram recommended using the optional two-factor authentication feature.<a href="#cite_note-Lokot-2016-05-02-338">[338]</a> In May 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Committee_to_Protect_Journalists" title="Committee to Protect Journalists">Committee to Protect Journalists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nate_Cardozo" title="Nate Cardozo">Nate Cardozo</a>, senior staff attorney at Electronic Frontier Foundation, recommended against using Telegram because of "its lack of end-to-end encryption [by default] and its use of non-standard MTProto encryption protocol, which has been publicly criticized by cryptography researchers, including <a href="/wiki/Matthew_D._Green" title="Matthew D. Green">Matthew Green</a>".<a href="#cite_note-cpj-2016-05-31-320">[320]</a> On 2 August 2016, Reuters reported that Iranian hackers compromised more than a dozen Telegram accounts and identified the phone numbers of 15 million Iranian users, as well as the associated user IDs. Researchers said the hackers belonged to a group known as <a href="/wiki/Rocket_Kitten" title="Rocket Kitten">Rocket Kitten</a>. Rocket Kitten's attacks were similar to ones attributed to Iran's <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guards_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps">Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps</a>. The attackers took advantage of a programming interface built into Telegram. According to Telegram, these mass checks are no longer possible because of limitations introduced into its API earlier in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> Login SMS messages are known to have been intercepted in Iran, Russia and Germany, possibly in coordination with phone or telecom companies.<a href="#cite_note-Lokot-2016-05-02-338">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-Menn-2016-08-02-340">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> Pavel Durov has said that Telegram users in "troubled countries" should enable <a href="/wiki/Two-factor_authentication" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-factor authentication">two-factor authentication</a> by creating passwords in order to prevent this.<a href="#cite_note-Lokot-2016-05-02-338">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-Menn-2016-08-02-340">[340]</a> In June 2017, Pavel Durov in an interview said that U.S. intelligence agencies tried to bribe the company's developers to weaken Telegram's encryption or install a backdoor during their visit to the U.S. in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> In 2018, Telegram sent a message to all Iranian users stating that the Telegram Talai and Hotgram unofficial clients are not secure.<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> In March 2014, Telegram promised that "all code will be released eventually", including all the various client applications (Android, iOS, desktop, etc.) and the server-side code.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> As of May 2021, Telegram had not published their server-side source code.<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a> In January 2021, Durov explained his rationale for not releasing server-side code, citing reasons such as inability for end-users to verify that the released code is the same code run on servers, and a government that wanted to acquire the server code and make an instant messaging network that would end competitors.<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a> On 9 June 2019, <a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a> released leaked Telegram messages exchanged between current Brazilian Minister of Justice and former judge Sérgio Moro and federal prosecutors.<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a> The hypothesis is that either mobile devices were hacked by <a href="/wiki/SIM_swap_scam" title="SIM swap scam">SIM swap</a> or the targets' computers were compromised.<a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a> The Telegram team tweeted that it was either because the user had malware or they were not using <a href="/wiki/Multi-factor_authentication" title="Multi-factor authentication">two-step verification</a>.<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> On 12 June 2019, Telegram confirmed that it suffered a <a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">denial-of-service attack</a> which disrupted normal app functionality for approximately one hour. <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Durov" title="Pavel Durov">Pavel Durov</a> tweeted that the <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP addresses</a> used in the attack mostly came from China.<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a> In December 2019, multiple Russian businessmen suffered account takeovers that involved bypassing SMS single-factor authentication. Security company Group-IB suggested <a href="/wiki/Signalling_System_No._7" title="Signalling System No. 7">SS7</a> mobile signalling protocol weaknesses, illegal usage of surveillance equipment, or telecom insider attacks.<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a> On 30 March 2020, an <a href="/wiki/Elasticsearch" title="Elasticsearch">Elasticsearch</a> database holding 42 million records containing user IDs and phone numbers of Iranian users was exposed online without a password. The accounts were extracted from not Telegram but an unofficial version of Telegram, in what appears to be a possibly government-sanctioned <a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">fork</a>. It took 11 days for the database to be taken down, but the researchers say the data was accessed by other parties, including a hacker who reported the information to a specialized forum.<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a> In September 2020, it was reported that Iran's RampantKitten espionage group ran a phishing and surveillance campaign against dissidents on Telegram.<a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a> The attack relied on people downloading a malware-infected file from any source, at which point it would replace Telegram files on the device and 'clone' session data. David Wolpoff, a former Department of Defense contractor, has stated that the weak link in the attack was the device itself and not any of the affected apps: "There's no way for a secure communication app to keep a user safe when the end devices are compromised."<a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a> In July 2021, researchers from <a href="/wiki/Royal_Holloway,_University_of_London" title="Royal Holloway, University of London">Royal Holloway, University of London</a> and <a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">ETH Zurich</a> published an analysis of the MTProto protocol, concluding that the protocol could provide a "confidential and integrity-protected channel" for communication. They also found that attackers had the theoretical ability to reorder messages coming from the client to the server though the attacker would not be able to see the content of the messages. Several other theoretical vulnerabilities were reported as well, in response to which Telegram released a document stating that the <a href="/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack" title="Man-in-the-middle attack">MITM attack</a> on the key exchange was impossible as well as detailing the changes made to the protocol to protect from it in the future. All issues were patched before the paper's publication with a security bounty paid out to the researchers.<a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a><a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-cyberscoop.com-361">[361]</a> In September 2021, a Russian researcher published details about a bug with the self-destruct feature that allowed the user to recover deleted photos from their own device. The bug was patched prior to publication and Telegram representatives offered a €1,000 bug bounty. The researcher did not sign the <a href="/wiki/Non-disclosure_agreement" title="Non-disclosure agreement">NDA</a> that came with the offer and did not receive the award, opting to disclose the bug.<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-cyberscoop.com-361">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a> In March 2023, the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Authority_(Norway)" title="National Security Authority (Norway)">Norwegian National Security Authority (NSM)</a> advised against the use of Telegram and <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> on business devices (especially the ones used for government related activities), the assessment has been commissioned and supported by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_and_Public_Security" title="Ministry of Justice and Public Security">Ministry of Justice and Public Security</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emilie_Enger_Mehl" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilie Enger Mehl">Emilie Enger Mehl</a>. Regarding Telegram, the report cites its lack of end-to-end encryption by default, its Russian origins and third-party <a href="/wiki/Open-source_intelligence" title="Open-source intelligence">open source intelligence</a> as major critical points.<a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a> In 2024 July ESET reported a vulnerability allowed malicious files being sent to users masked in multimedia.<a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cryptography_contests">Cryptography contests</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Cryptography contests">edit</a>]</div> Telegram has organized two cryptography contests to challenge its own security. Third parties were asked to break the service's cryptography and disclose the information contained within a secret chat between two computer-controlled users. A reward of respectively US$200,000 and US$300,000 was offered. Both of these contests expired with no winners.<a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a> Security researcher <a href="/wiki/Moxie_Marlinspike" title="Moxie Marlinspike">Moxie Marlinspike</a>, founder of the competing <a href="/wiki/Signal_(messaging_app)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal (messaging app)">Signal</a> messenger, and commenters on <a href="/wiki/Hacker_News" title="Hacker News">Hacker News</a> criticized the first contest for being rigged or framed in Telegram's favor and said that Telegram's statements on the value of these contests as proof of the cryptography's quality are misleading. This was because the cryptography contest could not be won even with completely broken algorithms such as <a href="/wiki/MD2_(hash_function)" title="MD2 (hash function)">MD2 (hash function)</a> used as key stream extractor, and primitives such as the <a href="/wiki/Dual_EC_DRBG" title="Dual EC DRBG">Dual EC DRBG</a> that is known to be backdoored.<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Censorship">Censorship</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Censorship">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Government_censorship_of_Telegram" class="mw-redirect" title="Government censorship of Telegram">Government censorship of Telegram</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Telegram-World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Telegram-World.svg/271px-Telegram-World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="271" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Telegram-World.svg/407px-Telegram-World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Telegram-World.svg/542px-Telegram-World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the countries that are either currently blocking or have blocked Telegram in the past.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Currently blocked</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Formerly blocked</div></figcaption></figure> Telegram has been blocked temporarily or permanently by some governments including Iran, China, Brazil, and Pakistan. The Russian government blocked Telegram for several years before lifting the ban in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-374">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a> The company's founder has said he wants the app to have an anti-censorship tool for Iran and China similar to the app's role in fighting censorship in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a> On April 19, 2024, Apple removed Telegram from the App Store in China.<a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a> In September 2024, Ukraine banned the usage of Telegram by government officials, military personnel, and key workers on official devices, citing fears of Russian espionage. The <a href="/wiki/National_Security_and_Defense_Council_of_Ukraine" title="National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine">National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine</a> enforced the restrictions following evidence reported to them by <a href="/wiki/Kyrylo_Budanov" title="Kyrylo Budanov">Kyrylo Budanov</a>, showing Russia's ability to access messages and user data on the platform. Andriy Kovalenko, head of the security council's centre on countering disinformation, clarified that the ban was limited to official devices and did not extend to personal phones.<a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2019_Puerto_Rico_"Telegramgate"">2019 Puerto Rico "Telegramgate"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: 2019 Puerto Rico "Telegramgate"">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Telegramgate" title="Telegramgate">Telegramgate</a></div> Telegram was the main subject surrounding the 2019 Puerto Rico riots that ended up in the resignation of then-Governor <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Rossell%C3%B3" title="Ricardo Rosselló">Ricardo Rosselló</a>. Hundreds of pages of a group chat between Rosselló and members of his staff were leaked. The messages were considered vulgar, racist, and homophobic, with members of the chat discussing how they would use the media to target potential political opponents.<a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2021_shutdown_of_Russian_political_bots">2021 shutdown of Russian political bots</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: 2021 shutdown of Russian political bots">edit</a>]</div> In September 2021, prior to the <a href="/wiki/2021_Russian_regional_elections" title="2021 Russian regional elections">regional elections in Russia</a>, Telegram suspended several bots spreading information about the election, including a bot run by the opposition party and critics of incumbent president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>'s government,<a href="#cite_note-RFE_TG_Censorship-380">[380]</a><a href="#cite_note-381">[381]</a> citing <a href="/wiki/Election_silence" title="Election silence">election silence</a> as the reason, though a blog post by the company's CEO implied the company was following Apple and Google, which "dictate the rules of the game to developers".<a href="#cite_note-382">[382]</a><a href="#cite_note-RFE_TG_Censorship-380">[380]</a> The blocking of the main Smart Voting bot was criticized by allies of <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Navalny" title="Alexei Navalny">Alexei Navalny</a>, a Kremlin critic and former opposition leader. Navalny's spokeswoman Kira Yarmysh called the block and the deletion of the tactical voting app from app stores "censorship [...] imposed by private companies".<a href="#cite_note-383">[383]</a> In a later blog post, Durov directly stated that the block was a result of pressure from Google and Apple as refusal to comply with their policies would result "in an immediate shutdown of Telegram for millions of users". The post included a screenshot showing an internal email sent by the <a href="/wiki/App_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store">App Store</a> to developers, demanding the takedown of content related to Navalny.<a href="#cite_note-384">[384]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2022_Delhi_High_Court_ruling">2022 Delhi High Court ruling</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: 2022 Delhi High Court ruling">edit</a>]</div> On November 24, 2022, Telegram disclosed the admin names, phone numbers and IP addresses of channels accused of unauthorised sharing of national exam study materials following an order by the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_High_Court" title="Delhi High Court">Delhi High Court</a> which rejected Telegram's argument that its regional servers were located in Singapore and thus no data could be disclosed as the local laws prohibit it.<a href="#cite_note-385">[385]</a><a href="#cite_note-386">[386]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2024_Arrest_of_Pavel_Durov">2024 Arrest of Pavel Durov</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: 2024 Arrest of Pavel Durov">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Pavel_Durov" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrest of Pavel Durov">Arrest of Pavel Durov</a></div> On August 24, 2024, Pavel Durov, who is both a French and UAE citizen, was arrested in France by French authorities and four days later charged with a wide array of crimes, including complicity in managing an online platform to enable illegal transactions; complicity in crimes such as enabling the distribution of child sexual abuse material; drug trafficking and fraud; and a refusal to cooperate with law enforcement authorities. Durov posted bail of five million Euros, was barred from leaving France, and was released on condition he report to a French police station twice weekly. The case would be handled by a special magistrate with investigative and prosecutorial powers.<a href="#cite_note-387">[387]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt-tech" title="Alt-tech">Alt-tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_cross-platform_instant_messaging_clients" title="Comparison of cross-platform instant messaging clients">Comparison of cross-platform instant messaging clients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_privacy" title="Internet privacy">Internet privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_instant_messaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure instant messaging">Secure instant messaging</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-3e22774272ca77e7aee1eff51ce4425572efaa7a-v18-1"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-3e22774272ca77e7aee1eff51ce4425572efaa7a-v18_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.telegram.messenger">"Telegram"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telegram+rolls+out+message+drafts%2C+picture+in+picture+for+iOS%2C+video+player+for+Android&rft.pub=VentureBeat&rft.date=2016-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fventurebeat.com%2F2016%2F06%2F14%2Ftelegram-rolls-out-message-drafts-picture-in-picture-for-ios-video-player-for-android%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-xda-developers.com-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-xda-developers.com_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-xda-developers.com_71-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xda-developers.com/telegram-update-for-september-2022/">"Telegram's new update brings more emoji fun and lots of quality of life improvements"</a>. XDA. 20 September 2022. 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Retrieved 7 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telegram+5.13+update+brings+Theme+Editor+2.0%2C+%22Send+when+online%22%2C+verifiable+builds%2C+and+more&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.xda-developers.com%2Ftelegram-5-13-update-brings-theme-editor-2-0-more%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2019/06/25/telegram-adds-location-flavored-extras-and-full-group-ownership-transfers/">"Telegram adds location-flavored extras and full group ownership transfers"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linklaters+LLP&rft.atitle=GDPR+vs+US+Discovery%3A+US+Court+Makes+Clear+Non-US+Entities+Can%27t+Avoid+Discovery&rft.date=2020-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexology.com%2Flibrary%2Fdetail.aspx%3Fg%3D066cf923-6cb5-49d9-b0c7-2c433ba521ea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegram-storingdata-181"><a href="#cite_ref-telegram-storingdata_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telegram.org/privacy#4-1-storing-data">"Telegram Privacy Policy – Storing Data"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=zhukov%2Fwebogram&rft.au=Igor+Zhukov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fzhukov%2Fwebogram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoble2014" class="citation news cs1">Roble, Patricio (3 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.programmableweb.com/news/can-telegram-beat-whatsapp-public-api/2014/03/03">"Can Telegram Beat WhatsApp with a Public API?"</a>. ProgrammableWeb. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190512230512/https://www.programmableweb.com/news/can-telegram-beat-whatsapp-public-api/2014/03/03">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2019. 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Retrieved 17 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Android+Police&rft.atitle=WhatsApp%2B+Is+Now+Officially+Dead+After+Receiving+A+Cease+And+Desist+From+The+Real+WhatsApp&rft.date=2015-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.androidpolice.com%2F2015%2F01%2F21%2Fwhatsapp-now-officially-dead-receiving-cease-desist-real-whatsapp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.samsung.com/global/socializer-messenger-app-offers-a-new-approach-to-messaging">"Socializer Messenger App Offers a New Approach to Messaging"</a>. 14 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190512230453/https://news.samsung.com/global/socializer-messenger-app-offers-a-new-approach-to-messaging">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2019. 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Retrieved 15 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechCrunch&rft.atitle=Telegram%27s+New+Platform+Lets+Developers+Create+Smart+Message+Bots+With+Multiple+Uses&rft.date=2015-06-24&rft.aulast=Butcher&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2015%2F06%2F24%2Ftelegrams-new-platform-lets-developers-create-smart-message-bots-with-multiple-uses%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJilaxzone2021" class="citation web cs1">Jilaxzone, Jonathan (12 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jilaxzone.com/2021/03/12/theres-retro-game-emulator-hiding-inside-telegram-messenger-heres-how-to-use-it-android-iphone/">"There's retro-game emulator hiding inside Telegram Messenger. 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Here Are Some Tips"</a>. NBC Bay Area. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514230822/https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/eligible-but-struggling-to-get-a-covid-19-vaccine-appointment-here-are-some-tips/2506408/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+Bay+Area&rft.atitle=Eligible+But+Struggling+to+Get+a+COVID-19+Vaccine+Appointment%3F+Here+Are+Some+Tips&rft.date=2021-03-30&rft.aulast=Budman&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcbayarea.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Feligible-but-struggling-to-get-a-covid-19-vaccine-appointment-here-are-some-tips%2F2506408%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornishWaters2018" class="citation news cs1">Cornish, Chloe; Waters, Richard (25 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/790d9506-0175-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5">"Silicon Valley investors line up to back Telegram ICO"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928082709/https://www.ft.com/content/790d9506-0175-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Silicon+Valley+investors+line+up+to+back+Telegram+ICO&rft.date=2018-01-25&rft.aulast=Cornish&rft.aufirst=Chloe&rft.au=Waters%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F790d9506-0175-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchechner2021" class="citation news cs1">Schechner, Sam (15 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/telegram-app-is-booming-but-needs-advertisersand-700-million-soon-11615806001">"Telegram App Is Booming but Needs Advertisers—and $700 Million Soon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210316153024/https://www.wsj.com/articles/telegram-app-is-booming-but-needs-advertisersand-700-million-soon-11615806001">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Telegram+App+Is+Booming+but+Needs+Advertisers%E2%80%94and+%24700+Million+Soon&rft.date=2021-03-15&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Schechner&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Ftelegram-app-is-booming-but-needs-advertisersand-700-million-soon-11615806001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telegram_разместил_бонды_на_$1_млрд-212">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Telegram_разместил_бонды_на_$1_млрд_212-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegram_разместил_бонды_на_$1_млрд_212-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFПавел_КазарновскийВладислав_СкобелевАнна_Балашова2021" class="citation web cs1">Павел Казарновский; Владислав Скобелев; Анна Балашова (15 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbc.ru/finances/15/03/2021/604f11019a794780341309c9">"Telegram разместил бонды на $1 млрд. На каких условиях инвесторы рискнули вложиться во внебиржевые бумаги"</a>. RBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210315144542/https://www.rbc.ru/finances/15/03/2021/604f11019a794780341309c9">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telegram+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%241+%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%80%D0%B4.+%D0%9D%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B+%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8&rft.pub=RBC&rft.date=2021-03-15&rft.au=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.au=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft.au=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbc.ru%2Ffinances%2F15%2F03%2F2021%2F604f11019a794780341309c9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TC_On_Bonds-213">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TC_On_Bonds_213-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TC_On_Bonds_213-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNatasha_Lomas2021" class="citation web cs1">Natasha Lomas (23 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2021/03/23/telegram-raises-150m-from-mubadala-and-abu-dhabi-cp-via-pre-ipo-convertible-bonds/">"Telegram raises $150M from Mubadala and Abu Dhabi CP via pre-IPO convertible bonds"</a>. 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Retrieved 23 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telegram+raises+%24150M+from+Mubadala+and+Abu+Dhabi+CP+via+pre-IPO+convertible+bonds&rft.pub=TechCrunch&rft.date=2021-03-23&rft.au=Natasha+Lomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2021%2F03%2F23%2Ftelegram-raises-150m-from-mubadala-and-abu-dhabi-cp-via-pre-ipo-convertible-bonds%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJake_Rudnitsky,_Zainab_Fattah2021" class="citation web cs1">Jake Rudnitsky, Zainab Fattah (23 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/russia-mubadala-invest-in-telegram-after-kremlin-ban-failed">"Mubadala Says It Brought RDIF Into Telegram Bond Stake"</a>. 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Retrieved 3 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mubadala+Says+It+Brought+RDIF+Into+Telegram+Bond+Stake&rft.pub=Bloomberg&rft.date=2021-03-23&rft.au=Jake+Rudnitsky%2C+Zainab+Fattah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloombergquint.com%2Fbusiness%2Frussia-mubadala-invest-in-telegram-after-kremlin-ban-failed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schechner-215">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schechner_215-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schechner_215-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchechner2021" class="citation news cs1">Schechner, Sam (15 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/telegram-app-is-booming-but-needs-advertisersand-700-million-soon-11615806001">"Telegram App Is Booming but Needs Advertisers—and $700 Million Soon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210316153024/https://www.wsj.com/articles/telegram-app-is-booming-but-needs-advertisersand-700-million-soon-11615806001">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Telegram+App+Is+Booming+but+Needs+Advertisers%E2%80%94and+%24700+Million+Soon&rft.date=2021-03-15&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Schechner&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Ftelegram-app-is-booming-but-needs-advertisersand-700-million-soon-11615806001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarshita_Mary_Varghese2024" class="citation web cs1">Harshita Mary Varghese (18 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/technology/telegram-secures-330-million-bond-sales-2024-03-18/">"Telegram secures $330 million in bond sales"</a>. Reuters. 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Retrieved 10 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Does+WhatsApp%2C+Telegram+And+Snapchat+Make+Money%3F+%28And+Why+You+Should+Care%29&rft.pub=Dollars+and+Sense&rft.date=2017-11-16&rft.au=Tao+Ming+Hui&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdollarsandsense.sg%2Fhow-whatsapp-telegram-snapchat-make-money-why-you-should-care%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2020/12/23/telegram-to-launch-an-ad-platform-as-it-approaches-500-million-users/">"Telegram, nearing 500 million users, to begin monetizing the app"</a>. 23 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210627152101/https://techcrunch.com/2020/12/23/telegram-to-launch-an-ad-platform-as-it-approaches-500-million-users/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telegram%2C+nearing+500+million+users%2C+to+begin+monetizing+the+app&rft.date=2020-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2020%2F12%2F23%2Ftelegram-to-launch-an-ad-platform-as-it-approaches-500-million-users%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gadgets.ndtv.com/apps/news/telegram-private-messaging-app-500-million-users-premium-subscription-2021-pavel-durov-2342668">"Telegram to Launch Paid Features for Business and Power Users in 2021"</a>. 23 December 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telegram+to+Launch+Paid+Features+for+Business+and+Power+Users+in+2021&rft.date=2020-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgadgets.ndtv.com%2Fapps%2Fnews%2Ftelegram-private-messaging-app-500-million-users-premium-subscription-2021-pavel-durov-2342668&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/telegram-apps-pay-to-view-1849723501">"Telegram Obliterates Pay-to-View Bots After Apple Demands a Cut"</a>. 31 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telegram+Obliterates+Pay-to-View+Bots+After+Apple+Demands+a+Cut&rft.date=2022-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2Ftelegram-apps-pay-to-view-1849723501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStepan_KravchenkoNour_Al_AliIlya_Khrennikov2017" class="citation web cs1">Stepan Kravchenko; Nour Al Ali; Ilya Khrennikov (11 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloombergquint.com/technology/cryptic-russian-crusader-says-his-5-billion-app-can-t-be-bought">"This $5 Billion Encrypted App Isn't for Sale at Any Price"</a>. Bloomberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210627152101/https://www.bloombergquint.com/technology/cryptic-russian-crusader-says-his-5-billion-app-can-t-be-bought">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+%245+Billion+Encrypted+App+Isn%27t+for+Sale+at+Any+Price&rft.pub=Bloomberg&rft.date=2017-12-11&rft.au=Stepan+Kravchenko&rft.au=Nour+Al+Ali&rft.au=Ilya+Khrennikov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloombergquint.com%2Ftechnology%2Fcryptic-russian-crusader-says-his-5-billion-app-can-t-be-bought&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-222">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_222-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_222-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_222-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ucUeKg_NiR8RxNAonb8Q55jZha03WC0O/view">"TON.pdf"</a>. Google Docs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180827165521/https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ucUeKg_NiR8RxNAonb8Q55jZha03WC0O/view">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Docs&rft.atitle=TON.pdf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F1ucUeKg_NiR8RxNAonb8Q55jZha03WC0O%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coinpost.media/f/telegram-ton/">"Telegram TON (Telegram Open Network)"</a>. Coinpost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303112734/https://coinpost.media/f/telegram-ton/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telegram+TON+%28Telegram+Open+Network%29&rft.pub=Coinpost&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoinpost.media%2Ff%2Ftelegram-ton%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sports.yahoo.com/telegram-privacy-focused-user-could-180800518.html">"Telegram's Privacy-Focused User Base Could Become TON Blockchain's Killer App"</a>. Bitcoin Magazine. 10 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210627152102/https://sports.yahoo.com/telegram-privacy-focused-user-could-180800518.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telegram%27s+Privacy-Focused+User+Base+Could+Become+TON+Blockchain%27s+Killer+App&rft.pub=Bitcoin+Magazine&rft.date=2018-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsports.yahoo.com%2Ftelegram-privacy-focused-user-could-180800518.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Butcher,_Josh_Konstine2018" class="citation web cs1">Mike Butcher, Josh Konstine (8 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/08/telegram-open-network/">"Telegram plans multi-billion dollar ICO for chat cryptocurrency"</a>. TechCrunch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123181319/https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/08/telegram-open-network/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telegram+plans+multi-billion+dollar+ICO+for+chat+cryptocurrency&rft.pub=TechCrunch&rft.date=2018-01-08&rft.au=Mike+Butcher%2C+Josh+Konstine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2018%2F01%2F08%2Ftelegram-open-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJon_Russel2018" class="citation web cs1">Jon Russel (15 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/15/inside-telegrams-ambitious-1-2b-ico-to-create-the-next-ethereum/">"Inside Telegram's ambitious $1.2B ICO to create the next Ethereum"</a>. TechCrunch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200403222412/https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/15/inside-telegrams-ambitious-1-2b-ico-to-create-the-next-ethereum/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inside+Telegram%27s+ambitious+%241.2B+ICO+to+create+the+next+Ethereum&rft.pub=TechCrunch&rft.date=2018-01-15&rft.au=Jon+Russel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2018%2F01%2F15%2Finside-telegrams-ambitious-1-2b-ico-to-create-the-next-ethereum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-binance-227"><a href="#cite_ref-binance_227-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.binance.com/en/analysis/telegram-open-network">"Exploring Telegram Open Network"</a>. Binance Research. 27 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200622065136/https://research.binance.com/en/analysis/telegram-open-network">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exploring+Telegram+Open+Network&rft.pub=Binance+Research&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.binance.com%2Fen%2Fanalysis%2Ftelegram-open-network&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rbth-228"><a href="#cite_ref-rbth_228-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosh_Nadeau2020" class="citation web cs1">Josh Nadeau (15 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbth.com/science-and-tech/331547-durov-vk-telegram-russia-networks">"Telegram's Pavel Durov in court over his quest to revolutionize cryptocurrency"</a>. 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Retrieved 4 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telegram%27s+Pavel+Durov+in+court+over+his+quest+to+revolutionize+cryptocurrency&rft.pub=Russia+Beyond+The+Headlines&rft.date=2020-01-15&rft.au=Josh+Nadeau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbth.com%2Fscience-and-tech%2F331547-durov-vk-telegram-russia-networks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMix" class="citation news cs1">Mix. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenextweb.com/hardfork/2018/01/09/telegram-ico-white-paper-leak">"Here is the leaked white paper for the massive Telegram ICO"</a>. HardFork. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109043158/https://thenextweb.com/hardfork/2018/01/09/telegram-ico-white-paper-leak/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HardFork&rft.atitle=Here+is+the+leaked+white+paper+for+the+massive+Telegram+ICO&rft.au=Mix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthenextweb.com%2Fhardfork%2F2018%2F01%2F09%2Ftelegram-ico-white-paper-leak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnews-230"><a href="#cite_ref-cnews_230-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorolev2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Korolev, Igor (2 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnews.ru/news/top/2018-04-02_pri_kakih_usloviyah_telegram_vernet_investoram">"Under what conditions will Telegram return to investors the collected $ 2.55 billion"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNews&rft.atitle=Under+what+conditions+will+Telegram+return+to+investors+the+collected+%24+2.55+billion&rft.date=2018-04-02&rft.aulast=Korolev&rft.aufirst=Igor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnews.ru%2Fnews%2Ftop%2F2018-04-02_pri_kakih_usloviyah_telegram_vernet_investoram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-verge-231"><a href="#cite_ref-verge_231-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiptak2018" class="citation web cs1">Liptak, Andrew (1 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/1/17186004/telegram-presale-open-network-app-ico-cryptocurrency-ton">"Telegram has raised a total of $1.7 billion from its two pre-ICO sales"</a>. 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Fortune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109032339/https://fortune.com/2018/03/30/bitcoin-price-telegram-ico-presale/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2020. 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Retrieved 17 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exploring+Telegram+Open+Network&rft.pub=Binance+Research&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.binance.com%2Fen%2Fanalysis%2Ftelegram-open-network&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebell.io/en/despite-delay-durov-on-track-to-launch-his-cryptocurrency-in-march/">"Despite delay, Durov on track to launch his cryptocurrency in March"</a>. 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Retrieved 15 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blockchain+law.+A+%22Telegram%22+to+SAFTs%3A+%22Beware%21%22&rft.pub=New+York+Law+Journal&rft.date=2020-05-26&rft.au=Robert+A.+Schwinger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nortonrosefulbright.com%2F-%2Fmedia%2Ffiles%2Fnrf%2Fnrfweb%2Fknowledge-pdfs%2Fa-telegram-to-safts-beware.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cooley.com/news/insight/2020/2020-05-07-sec-v-telegram-key-takeaways-implications">"Cooley"</a>. www.cooley.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200824212924/https://www.cooley.com/news/insight/2020/2020-05-07-sec-v-telegram-key-takeaways-implications">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cooley.com&rft.atitle=Cooley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooley.com%2Fnews%2Finsight%2F2020%2F2020-05-07-sec-v-telegram-key-takeaways-implications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JDSUPRA-240"><a href="#cite_ref-JDSUPRA_240-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/is-there-life-for-safts-after-the-54728/">"Is There Life for SAFTs After the Telegram Case?"</a>. JD Supra. 21 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200907174839/https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/is-there-life-for-safts-after-the-54728/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+There+Life+for+SAFTs+After+the+Telegram+Case%3F&rft.pub=JD+Supra&rft.date=2020-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jdsupra.com%2Flegalnews%2Fis-there-life-for-safts-after-the-54728%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GreenbergTraurig-241"><a href="#cite_ref-GreenbergTraurig_241-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_I._Miller,_Charlie_Berk2020" class="citation web cs1">David I. Miller, Charlie Berk (1 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gtlaw.com/en/insights/2020/4/sec-v-telegram--a-groundbreaking-decision-in-cryptocurrency-enforcement">"SEC v. Telegram: A Groundbreaking Decision in Cryptocurrency Enforcement?"</a>. 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Retrieved 10 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blockchain+law.+A+%22Telegram%22+to+SAFTs%3A+%22Beware%21%22&rft.pub=New+York+Law+Journal&rft.date=2020-05-26&rft.au=Robert+A.+Schwinger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nortonrosefulbright.com%2F-%2Fmedia%2Ffiles%2Fnrf%2Fnrfweb%2Fknowledge-pdfs%2Fa-telegram-to-safts-beware.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/26/telegram-to-pay-sec-fine-of-18-5-million-and-return-1-2-billion-to-investors-as-it-dissolves-ton/">"Telegram to pay SEC fine of $18.5 million and return $1.2 billion to investors as it dissolves TON"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Usenix&rft.atitle=Alice+and+Bob%2C+who+the+FOCI+are+they%3F%3A+Analysis+of+end-to-end+encryption+in+the+LINE+messaging+application&rft.date=2017-08&rft.aulast=Espinoza&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.au=Tolley%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usenix.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fconference%2Ffoci17%2Ffoci17-paper-espinoza.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRottermannerKiesebergHuberSchmiedecker2015" class="citation conference cs1">Rottermanner, Christoph; Kieseberg, Peter; Huber, Markus; Schmiedecker, Martin; Schrittwieser, Sebastian (December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sba-research.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/paper_drafthp.pdf">Privacy and Data Protection in Smartphone Messengers</a> (PDF). Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services (iiWAS2015). ACM International Conference Proceedings Series. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4503-3491-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4503-3491-4"><bdi>978-1-4503-3491-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160327011416/https://www.sba-research.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/paper_drafthp.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Privacy+and+Data+Protection+in+Smartphone+Messengers&rft.pub=ACM+International+Conference+Proceedings+Series&rft.date=2015-12&rft.isbn=978-1-4503-3491-4&rft.aulast=Rottermanner&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rft.au=Kieseberg%2C+Peter&rft.au=Huber%2C+Markus&rft.au=Schmiedecker%2C+Martin&rft.au=Schrittwieser%2C+Sebastian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sba-research.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fpublications%2Fpaper_drafthp.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJakobsenOrlandi2015" class="citation web cs1">Jakobsen, Jakob; Orlandi, Claudio (8 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1177.pdf">"On the CCA (in)security of MTProto"</a> (PDF). Cryptology ePrint Archive. International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151212214527/http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1177.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cryptology+ePrint+Archive&rft.atitle=On+the+CCA+%28in%29security+of+MTProto&rft.date=2015-12-08&rft.aulast=Jakobsen&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft.au=Orlandi%2C+Claudio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprint.iacr.org%2F2015%2F1177.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiculanVitocolonna2020" class="citation arxiv cs1">Miculan, Marino; Vitocolonna, Nicola (5 December 2020). "Automated Symbolic Verification of Telegram's MTProto 2.0". <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.03141v1">2012.03141v1</a> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/archive/cs.CR">cs.CR</a>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=arXiv&rft.atitle=Automated+Symbolic+Verification+of+Telegram%27s+MTProto+2.0&rft.date=2020-12-05&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2012.03141v1&rft.aulast=Miculan&rft.aufirst=Marino&rft.au=Vitocolonna%2C+Nicola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbrechtMarekováPatersonStepanovs2021" class="citation web cs1">Albrecht, Martin R.; Mareková, Lenka; Paterson, Kenneth G.; Stepanovs, Igors (16 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mtpsym.github.io/paper.pdf">"Four Attacks and a Proof for Telegram"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210716091205/https://mtpsym.github.io/paper.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 16 July 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Four+Attacks+and+a+Proof+for+Telegram&rft.date=2021-07-16&rft.aulast=Albrecht&rft.aufirst=Martin+R.&rft.au=Marekov%C3%A1%2C+Lenka&rft.au=Paterson%2C+Kenneth+G.&rft.au=Stepanovs%2C+Igors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmtpsym.github.io%2Fpaper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbu-SalmaKrolParkinKohl" class="citation web cs1">Abu-Salma, Ruba; Krol, Kat; Parkin, Simon; Kohl, Victoria; Kwan, Kevin; Mahboob, Jazib; Traboulsi, Zahra; Sasse, M. Angela. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1560501/1/Abu-Salma%20et%20al.%20-%202017%20-%20The%20Security%20Blanket%20of%20the%20Chat%20World%20An%20Analyti.pdf">"The Security Blanket of the Chat World:An Analytic Evaluation and a User Study of Telegram"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205025259/https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1560501/1/Abu-Salma%20et%20al.%20-%202017%20-%20The%20Security%20Blanket%20of%20the%20Chat%20World%20An%20Analyti.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Security+Blanket+of+the+Chat+World%3AAn+Analytic+Evaluation+and+a+User+Study+of+Telegram&rft.pub=University+College+London&rft.aulast=Abu-Salma&rft.aufirst=Ruba&rft.au=Krol%2C+Kat&rft.au=Parkin%2C+Simon&rft.au=Kohl%2C+Victoria&rft.au=Kwan%2C+Kevin&rft.au=Mahboob%2C+Jazib&rft.au=Traboulsi%2C+Zahra&rft.au=Sasse%2C+M.+Angela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F1560501%2F1%2FAbu-Salma%2520et%2520al.%2520-%25202017%2520-%2520The%2520Security%2520Blanket%2520of%2520the%2520Chat%2520World%2520An%2520Analyti.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannan_Bin_AzharBarton" class="citation web cs1">Hannan Bin Azhar, M A; Barton, Thomas Edward Allen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.canterbury.ac.uk/download/3e59ded778529baaf67e0be4d5c9b31b7fca48bb14ef965948fa5cc6d578c3c6/685125/15054.pdf">"Forensic Analysis of Secure Ephemeral Messaging Applications on Android Platforms"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Christ_Church_University" title="Canterbury Christ Church University">Canterbury Christ Church University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210627152104/https://repository.canterbury.ac.uk/download/3e59ded778529baaf67e0be4d5c9b31b7fca48bb14ef965948fa5cc6d578c3c6/685125/15054.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forensic+Analysis+of+Secure+Ephemeral+Messaging+Applications+on+Android+Platforms&rft.pub=Canterbury+Christ+Church+University&rft.aulast=Hannan+Bin+Azhar&rft.aufirst=M+A&rft.au=Barton%2C+Thomas+Edward+Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.canterbury.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2F3e59ded778529baaf67e0be4d5c9b31b7fca48bb14ef965948fa5cc6d578c3c6%2F685125%2F15054.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelegram+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegram_(software)&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> has the property: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P3789" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P3789">Telegram username (P3789)</a> (see <a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP3789%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P3789%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a>)</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telegram.org">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15616276#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> (in English, German, Brazilian Portuguese, Spanish, Russian, French, Dutch, Polish, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Korean, Persian, Arabic, Turkish, Uzbek, Italian, Indonesian, and Malay)</li></ul> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://t.me/telegram">Telegram</a> on <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Telegram</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15616276#P3789" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Instant_messaging" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Instant_messaging" title="Template:Instant messaging"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Instant_messaging" title="Template talk:Instant messaging"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Instant_messaging" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Instant messaging"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Instant_messaging" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protocols (<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_instant_messaging_protocols" title="Comparison of instant messaging protocols">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_Data_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed Data Protocol">DDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_Messaging_and_Presence_Protocol" title="Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol">IMPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRC" title="IRC">IRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrix_(protocol)" title="Matrix (protocol)">Matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTProto" class="mw-redirect" title="MTProto">MTProto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retroshare" title="Retroshare">Retroshare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_Protocol" title="Signal Protocol">Signal Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_Initiation_Protocol" title="Session Initiation Protocol">SIP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Message_Session_Relay_Protocol" title="Message Session Relay Protocol">MSRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIMPLE_(instant_messaging_protocol)" title="SIMPLE (instant messaging protocol)">SIMPLE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tox_(protocol)" title="Tox (protocol)">Tox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jingle_(protocol)" title="Jingle (protocol)">Jingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Wave_Federation_Protocol" title="Google Wave Federation Protocol">WFP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyr_(protocol)" title="Zephyr (protocol)">Zephyr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Notification_Protocol" title="Microsoft Notification Protocol">MSNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCAR_protocol" title="OSCAR protocol">OSCAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TOC_protocol" title="TOC protocol">TOC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype_protocol" title="Skype protocol">Skype</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Band_(software)" title="Band (software)">Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBM_Enterprise" title="BBM Enterprise">BBM Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beeper_(application)" title="Beeper (application)">Beeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BiP_(software)" title="BiP (software)">BiP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DingTalk" title="DingTalk">DingTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discord" title="Discord">Discord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Element_(software)" title="Element (software)">Element</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chat" title="Google Chat">Google Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Meet" title="Google Meet">Google Meet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Messages" title="Google Messages">Google Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroupMe" title="GroupMe">GroupMe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilded" title="Guilded">Guilded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HipChat" title="HipChat">HipChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGap" title="IGap">iGap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMessage" title="IMessage">iMessage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imo.im" title="Imo.im">Imo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRC#Networks" title="IRC">IRC Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jongla" title="Jongla">Jongla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KakaoTalk" title="KakaoTalk">KakaoTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kik_Messenger" title="Kik Messenger">Kik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lark_(software)" title="Lark (software)">Lark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libon_(service)" title="Libon (service)">Libon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_(software)" title="Line (software)">Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_(app)" title="Marco Polo (app)">Marco Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattermost" title="Mattermost">Mattermost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_(software)" title="Messenger (software)">Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Palace_(computer_program)" title="The Palace (computer program)">The Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_QQ" title="Tencent QQ">QQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_(software)" title="Session (software)">Session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_(software)" title="Signal (software)">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slack_(software)" title="Slack (software)">Slack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat">Snapchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_(app)" title="Snow (app)">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_Live" title="Tango Live">Tango Live</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textfree" title="Textfree">Textfree/Pinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threema" title="Threema">Threema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tox_(protocol)" title="Tox (protocol)">Tox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trillian_(software)" title="Trillian (software)">Trillian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viber" title="Viber">Viber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VK_(service)" title="VK (service)">VK Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WeChat" title="WeChat">WeChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickr" title="Wickr">Wickr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Messenger_service" title="Windows Messenger service">Windows Messenger service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Online_Festival" title="The World's Online Festival">WOLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_Video_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoom Video Communications">Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulip" title="Zulip">Zulip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clients (<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_cross-platform_instant_messaging_clients" title="Comparison of cross-platform instant messaging clients">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Single protocol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baidu" title="Baidu">Baidu Hi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBM_Enterprise" title="BBM Enterprise">BBM Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briar_(software)" title="Briar (software)">Briar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Element_(software)" title="Element (software)">Element</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadu-Gadu" title="Gadu-Gadu">Gadu-Gadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroupMe" title="GroupMe">GroupMe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCL_Sametime" title="HCL Sametime">HCL Sametime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMVU" title="IMVU">IMVU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jami_(software)" title="Jami (software)">Jami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jongla" title="Jongla">Jongla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linphone" title="Linphone">Linphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_(software)" title="Messenger (software)">Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_QQ" title="Tencent QQ">QQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retroshare" title="Retroshare">Retroshare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricochet_(software)" title="Ricochet (software)">Ricochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_(software)" title="Session (software)">Session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_(software)" title="Signal (software)">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tox_(protocol)" title="Tox (protocol)">Tox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WeChat" title="WeChat">WeChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickr" title="Wickr">Wickr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_(software)" title="Wire (software)">Wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Online_Festival" title="The World's Online Festival">WOLF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multi-protocol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adium" title="Adium">Adium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayttm" title="Ayttm">Ayttm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beeper_(application)" title="Beeper (application)">Beeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitlBee" title="BitlBee">BitlBee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centericq" title="Centericq">Centericq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBuddy" title="EBuddy">eBuddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jitsi" title="Jitsi">Jitsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopete" title="Kopete">Kopete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messages_(Apple)" title="Messages (Apple)">Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miranda_NG" title="Miranda NG">Miranda NG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbuzz" title="Nimbuzz">Nimbuzz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidgin_(software)" title="Pidgin (software)">Pidgin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finch_(software)" title="Finch (software)">Finch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_Internet_Pager" title="Quiet Internet Pager">QIP 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype_for_Business" title="Skype for Business">Skype for Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Telepathy" title="KDE Telepathy">Telepathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird" title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Thunderbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trillian_(software)" title="Trillian (software)">Trillian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP (Jabber)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChatSecure" title="ChatSecure">ChatSecure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversations_(software)" title="Conversations (software)">Conversations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gajim" title="Gajim">Gajim</a></li> <li>Monal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psi_(instant_messaging_client)" title="Psi (instant messaging client)">Psi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_(XMPP_client)" title="Spark (XMPP client)">Spark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tkabber" title="Tkabber">Tkabber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xabber" title="Xabber">Xabber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Notification_Protocol" title="Microsoft Notification Protocol">MSNP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Microsoft Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_instant_messaging_platforms" title="List of defunct instant messaging platforms">List of defunct instant messaging platforms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backchannel" title="Backchannel">Backchannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chat_log" title="Chat log">Chat log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatbot" title="Chatbot">Chatbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit (software)">Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_user_features_of_messaging_platforms" title="Comparison of user features of messaging platforms">Comparison of user features of messaging platforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_list" title="Contact list">Contact list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoticon" title="Emoticon">Emoticon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing">File sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FirstClass" title="FirstClass">FirstClass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flock_(messaging_service)" title="Flock (messaging service)">Flock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuze_(company)" title="Fuze (company)">Fuze Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Hall.com">Hall.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAN_messenger" title="LAN messenger">LAN messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_chat" title="Online chat">Online chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presence_information" title="Presence information">Presence information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glip" class="mw-redirect" title="Glip">RingCentral Glip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_language" title="SMS language">SMS language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_message_(instant_messaging)" title="Status message (instant messaging)">Status message</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-Report" title="U-Report">U-Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videotelephony" title="Videotelephony">Videotelephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva_Engage" title="Viva Engage">Viva Engage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_IP" title="Voice over IP">VoIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcam" title="Webcam">Webcam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/29px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/38px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">companies</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/19px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/29px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, 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[\"CITEREFCox2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDalton\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_I._Miller,_Charlie_Berk2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDescalsota2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDewey2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeweyBuzzetti2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDrKLO\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEWDN2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErdbrink2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEspinozaTolleyCrandall2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEspósito2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGatlan2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilbertMascellino2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaddadHume\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHakim2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHamblen\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamburger2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHannan_Bin_AzharBarton\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarshita_Mary_Varghese2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHess2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHornby2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIgor_Zhukov\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFItani2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFJake_Rudnitsky,_Zainab_Fattah2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJakobsenOrlandi2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJilaxzone2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJon_Russel2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJosh_Nadeau2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKellen2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKellen2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKew-Denniss2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKilpatrick2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKing2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlasaFoyHancockTamma2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKorolev2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanigan2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLawati2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeyden2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiao2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLippHoppenstedt2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiptak2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLobao2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLokot2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLomas2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLomas2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLomas2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLopez2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoucaides2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLyons2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLyons2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMae_Soco2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahal\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalik2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarlinspike2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarracoDiego_Madueño2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMateo2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMehta2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMennTorbati2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiculanVitacolonna2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiculanVitacolonna2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiculanVitocolonna2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMike_Butcher,_Josh_Konstine2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilmoSauer2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMix\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorales2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMunizaga2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphy2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNatasha_Lomas2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewton2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNickolas_Diaz2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Flaherty\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOLUKOTUN2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeters2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlatform2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPorter2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPotts2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPotuck2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPtak2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRavlic2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobert_A._Schwinger2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRoble2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogers2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoth2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRottermannerKiesebergHuberSchmiedecker2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRull2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRussell2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalute\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSawers2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchechner2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSchectman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchellevis2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchoon2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwarzenegger\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSean_Hollister2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSerrano2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSerrano2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShakir2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShen2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShieber2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShu2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSin2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStahie2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFStepan_KravchenkoNour_Al_AliIlya_Khrennikov2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTV_Rain_Inc.2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTao_Ming_Hui2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThornhill2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTing2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurton2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurton2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurton2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVasile2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFVerma2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVigna2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWarren2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWauters2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeatherbed2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWitman2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoo\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYasmin_Ahmed2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFcpy2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFmorethanwords\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFovertake2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFpeter-iakovlev2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFtelegramdesktop\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFПавел_КазарновскийВладислав_СкобелевАнна_Балашова2021\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"As of\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"BRLConvert\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite arXiv\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite court\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 59,\n [\"Cite tweet\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 306,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Free\"] = 7,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 8,\n [\"INRconvert\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox software\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox website\"] = 1,\n [\"Instant messaging\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang in\"] = 1,\n [\"Legend\"] = 2,\n [\"Main\"] = 3,\n [\"No\"] = 2,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"SGDConvert\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 2,\n [\"Subject bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Telegram\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 2,\n [\"US$\"] = 2,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikidata property\"] = 1,\n [\"Yes\"] = 12,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","340","12.6"],["?","320","11.9"],["dataWrapper 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(software)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Telegram_(software)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15616276","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15616276","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-12-30T14:21:07Z","dateModified":"2024-11-27T02:08:10Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/83\/Telegram_2019_Logo.svg","headline":"cross-platform instant messaging service"}</script> </body> </html>