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data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Radio_Science" title="International Union of Radio Science – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="International Union of Radio Science" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacia_Unio_de_Radiscienco" title="Internacia Unio de Radiscienco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Internacia Unio de Radiscienco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="انجمن بین‌المللی علوم رادیویی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انجمن بین‌المللی علوم رادیویی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_radio-scientifique_internationale" title="Union radio-scientifique internationale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Union radio-scientifique internationale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Radio_Science" title="International Union of Radio Science – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="International Union of Radio Science" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95" title="האיגוד הבין-לאומי למדעי הרדיו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האיגוד הבין-לאומי למדעי הרדיו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E9%9B%BB%E6%B3%A2%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88" title="国際電波科学連合 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国際電波科学連合" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzynarodowa_Unia_Nauk_Radiowych" title="Międzynarodowa Unia Nauk Radiowych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Międzynarodowa Unia Nauk Radiowych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansainv%C3%A4linen_radiotieteen_unioni" title="Kansainvälinen radiotieteen unioni – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kansainvälinen radiotieteen unioni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22International+Union+of+Radio+Science%22">"International Union of Radio Science"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22International+Union+of+Radio+Science%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22International+Union+of+Radio+Science%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22International+Union+of+Radio+Science%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22International+Union+of+Radio+Science%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22International+Union+of+Radio+Science%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">International Union of Radio Science</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:URSI_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/URSI_logo.png/220px-URSI_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/URSI_logo.png/330px-URSI_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/URSI_logo.png/440px-URSI_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="273" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">URSI</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1919<span class="noprint">; 105 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1919</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_nongovernmental_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="International nongovernmental organization">INGO</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language </div></th><td class="infobox-data">English, French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Ari Sihvola (Finland)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organization</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Science" title="International Council for Science">International Council for Science</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ursi.org">www<wbr />.ursi<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241824#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>International Union of Radio Science</b> (<a href="/wiki/Abbreviation" title="Abbreviation">abbreviated</a> <i><b>URSI</b></i>, after its French name, French: <i lang="fr"><b>Union radio-scientifique internationale</b></i>) is one of 26 international <a href="/wiki/Scientific_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific union">scientific unions</a> affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Science" title="International Council for Science">International Council for Science</a> (ICSU). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_objectives">History and objectives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Radio_Science&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and objectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>URSI was officially created in 1919, during the Constitutive Assembly of the International Research Council (now ICSU), based on the earlier French: <i lang="fr">Commission Internationale de Telegraphie sans Fil</i> (1913–1914) when the only radio communication system was <a href="/wiki/Radiotelegraphy" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiotelegraphy">radiotelegraphy</a>. It has held a general assembly every three years from 1922. Fifty years ago URSI was one of the most important promoters of the <a href="/wiki/International_Geophysical_Year" title="International Geophysical Year">International Geophysical Year</a>. </p><p>In addition to publishing the <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> journal <i>URSI Radio Science Letters</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it sponsors the journals <i><a href="/wiki/Advances_in_Radio_Science" title="Advances in Radio Science">Advances in Radio Science</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Atmospheric_and_Solar-Terrestrial_Physics" title="Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics">Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Science" title="Radio Science">Radio Science</a></i>, last of which is co-sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/American_Geophysical_Union" title="American Geophysical Union">American Geophysical Union</a>. </p><p>URSI's original objective (to encourage "scientific studies of radiotelegraphy, especially those which require international cooperation") has been broadened to include all <a href="/wiki/Radio_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio science">radio science</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Radio_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio communication">telecommunications</a> to <a href="/wiki/Radio_astronomy" title="Radio astronomy">radio astronomy</a>, acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> information about distant passive objects, studies of the radiation stimulated or spontaneously emitted by these objects, biological effects of electromagnetic radiation and active modification of objects by <a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">radio waves</a>, within the spectrum from <a href="/wiki/Extremely_low_frequency" title="Extremely low frequency">extremely low frequency</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Optics" title="Optics">optical</a> domain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commissions">Commissions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Radio_Science&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Commissions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Commission A: Electromagnetic Metrology</li> <li>Commission B: Fields and Waves</li> <li>Commission C: Radiocommunication Systems and Signal Processing</li> <li>Commission D: Electronics and Photonics</li> <li>Commission E: Electromagnetic Environment and Interference</li> <li>Commission F: Wave Propagation and Remote Sensing</li> <li>Commission G: Ionospheric Radio and Propagation</li> <li>Commission H: Waves in Plasmas</li> <li>Commission J: Radio Astronomy</li> <li>Commission K: Electromagnetics in Biology and Medicine</li></ul> <p>A few Commissions are engaged with international projects in cooperation with other international bodies, for example with the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Space_Research" title="Committee on Space Research">Committee on Space Research</a> in the project <a href="/wiki/International_Reference_Ionosphere" title="International Reference Ionosphere">International Reference Ionosphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Individual_membership">Individual membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Radio_Science&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Individual membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The URSI includes different individual membership grades: </p> <ul><li>Corresponding member (CURSI)</li> <li>Senior member, awarded to members who have a PhD, 10+ publications, and a history of involvement with the URSI</li> <li>Fellow, by invitation or by winning a URSI senior prize<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Radio_Science&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_radio_science" title="Outline of radio science">Outline of radio science</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Radio_Science&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ursi.org/files/Publications/RSL%20-%20Flyer.pdf">"URSI Radio Science Letters"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ursi.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ursi.org&rft.atitle=URSI+Radio+Science+Letters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ursi.org%2Ffiles%2FPublications%2FRSL%2520-%2520Flyer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Union+of+Radio+Science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101024051519/http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/modelweb/ionos/iri.html">"International Reference Ionosphere"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/modelweb/ionos/iri.html">the original</a> on 24 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Reference+Ionosphere&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fmodelweb%2Fionos%2Firi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Union+of+Radio+Science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ursi.org/membership.php#tab-sectionA2">"URSI Individual Membership"</a>. URSI<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=URSI+Individual+Membership&rft.pub=URSI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ursi.org%2Fmembership.php%23tab-sectionA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Union+of+Radio+Science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Radio_Science&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ursi.org">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Science_Council" title="Template:International Science Council"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_Science_Council" title="Template talk:International Science Council"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_Science_Council" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International Science Council"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Science_Council_(ISC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Science_Council" title="International Science Council">International Science Council (ISC)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_Albania" title="Academy of Sciences of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundation_of_Science_and_Development_(Angola)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundation of Science and Development (Angola) (page does not exist)">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Scientific_and_Technical_Research_Council" title="National Scientific and Technical Research Council">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Armenian National Academy of Sciences">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Academy_of_Science" title="Australian Academy of Science">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Austrian Academy of Sciences">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Bangladesh Academy of Sciences">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Belarus" title="National Academy of Sciences of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academies_for_Science_and_the_Arts_of_Belgium" title="Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Academy_of_Sciences,_Arts_and_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters (page does not exist)">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Nacional_de_Ciencias_de_Bolivia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia (page does not exist)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia & Herzegovina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts_of_the_Republika_Srpska" title="Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Infrastructure_Science_and_Technology_(Botswana)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Infrastructure Science and Technology (Botswana) (page does not exist)">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Brazilian Academy of Sciences">Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_Nacional_de_Pos-Graduacao_e_Pesquisa_em_Ciencias_Sociais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Ciencias Sociais (page does not exist)">ANPOCS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Bulgarian Academy of Sciences">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_National_de_la_Recherche_Scientifique_et_Technologique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (page does not exist)">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Cameroon Academy of Sciences">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research Council (Canada)">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Sciences_and_Humanities_Research_Council" title="Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council">SSHRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Chilena_de_Ciencias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Chilena de Ciencias (page does not exist)">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Association_for_Science_and_Technology" title="China Association for Science and Technology">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Social Sciences">CASS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Colombiana_de_Ciencias_Exactas,_Fisicas_y_Naturales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales (page does not exist)">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Nacional_de_Ciencias_(Costa_Rica)" title="Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Costa Rica)">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences,_des_arts,_des_cultures_d%27Afrique_et_des_diasporas_africaines" title="Académie des sciences, des arts, des cultures d'Afrique et des diasporas africaines">Côte d'Ivoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Cuban Academy of Sciences">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Czech Academy of Sciences">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Letters" title="Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Dominican_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academy of Sciences of the Dominican Republic (page does not exist)">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Scientific_Research_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (page does not exist)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viceministerio_de_Ciencia_y_Tecnolog%C3%ADa_de_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viceministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de El Salvador (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Estonian Academy of Sciences">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Research_Council_(Eswatini)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Research Council (Eswatini) (page does not exist)">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Science_and_Technology_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethiopian Science and Technology Agency (page does not exist)">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Finnish_Academies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Council of Finnish Academies (page does not exist)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Georgian National Academy of Sciences">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Research_Foundation" title="German Research Foundation">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Athens_(modern)" title="Academy of Athens (modern)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_de_Ciencias_M%C3%A9dicas_Fisicas_y_Naturales_de_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia de Ciencias Médicas Fisicas y Naturales de Guatemala (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Academy of Sciences of Honduras (page does not exist)">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Hungarian Academy of Sciences">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Science_Academy" title="Indian National Science Academy">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Social_Science_Research" title="Indian Council of Social Science Research">ICSSR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_and_Innovation_Agency_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research and Innovation Agency (Indonesia)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tehran" title="University of Tehran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(Iraq)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (Iraq) (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Humanities" title="Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Italy)" title="National Research Council (Italy)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Research_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific Research Council (page does not exist)">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Council_of_Japan" title="Science Council of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Scientific_Society" title="Royal Scientific Society">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Kenya National Academy of Sciences">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea" title="Academy of Sciences of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Korea">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Social_Science_Research_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korean Social Science Research Council (page does not exist)">KSSRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Korean Academy of Science and Technology">KAST</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_National_Science_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lao National Science Council (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Latvian Academy of Sciences">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council for Scientific Research (page does not exist)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(Lesotho)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Science and Technology (Lesotho) (page does not exist)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Lithuanian Academy of Sciences">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_National_Research_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luxembourg National Research Fund (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minist%C3%A8re_de_l%27Enseignement_Sup%C3%A9rieur_et_de_la_Recherche_Scientifique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique (page does not exist)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Commission_for_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Commission for Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_Malaysia" title="Academy of Sciences Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius_Academy_of_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mauritius Academy of Science (page does not exist)">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Mexican Academy of Sciences">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consejo_Mexicano_de_Ciencias_Sociales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consejo Mexicano de Ciencias Sociales (page does not exist)">COMECSO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_Moldova" title="Academy of Sciences of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_Scientifique_de_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre Scientifique de Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Mongolian Academy of Sciences">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_Academy_for_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hassan II Academy for Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Research_Association_of_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific Research Association of Mozambique (page does not exist)">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Commission_on_Research,_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Commission on Research, Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Nepal Academy of Science and Technology">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_Te_Ap%C4%81rangi" title="Royal Society Te Apārangi">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Academy_of_Science" title="Nigerian Academy of Science">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Academy_of_Science_and_Letters" title="Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters">Norway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergen" title="University of Bergen">UB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_Council_of_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Research Council of Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="Pakistan Association for the Advancement of Science">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Panama" title="University of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Nacional_de_Ciencias_(Peru)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Peru) (page does not exist)">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Research_Council_(Philippines)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Research Council (Philippines) (page does not exist)">Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_Social_Science_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippine Social Science Council (page does not exist)">PSSC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Polish Academy of Sciences">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Lisbon Academy of Sciences">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Science_and_Technology_(Rwanda)" title="College of Science and Technology (Rwanda)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Abdulaziz_City_for_Science_and_Technology" title="King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senegal_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senegal Academy of Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seychelles_National_Parks_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seychelles National Parks Authority (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_National_Academy_of_Science" title="Singapore National Academy of Science">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Slovak Academy of Sciences">Slovak Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Foundation_(South_Africa)" title="National Research Foundation (South Africa)">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Sciences_Research_Council_of_South_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa (page does not exist)">HSRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Science (Spain)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation_of_Sri_Lanka" title="National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_Research_(Sudan)" title="National Centre for Research (Sudan)">Sudan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Sudanese National Academy of Sciences">SNAS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_Academy_of_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences (page does not exist)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Academies_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Tajik Academy of Sciences">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Commission_for_Science_and_Technology" title="Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Research_Council_of_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Research Council of Thailand (page does not exist)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chancellerie_des_Universit%C3%A9s_du_Togo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chancellerie des Universités du Togo (page does not exist)">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunis_El_Manar_University" title="Tunis El Manar University">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Turkish Academy of Sciences">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Science_Academy_Society_of_Turkey" title="The Science Academy Society of Turkey">Science Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_and_Technological_Research_Council_of_Turkey" title="Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey">TÜBİTAK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uganda_National_Council_for_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Ukraine" title="National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Social_Research_Council" title="Economic and Social Research Council">ESRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comisi%C3%B3n_Consejo_Nacional_de_Innovacion_Ciencia_y_Tecnologia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comisión Consejo Nacional de Innovacion Ciencia y Tecnologia (page does not exist)">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzbekistan_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondo_Nacional_de_Ciencia,_Tecnolog%C3%ADa_e_Innovaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (page does not exist)">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Union_of_Science_and_Technology_Associations" title="Vietnam Union of Science and Technology Associations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Zambia Academy of Sciences">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Zimbabwe Academy of Sciences">Zimbabwe</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_Council_of_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Research Council of Zimbabwe (page does not exist)">RCZ</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transnational<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Council_for_the_Social_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Council for the Social Sciences (page does not exist)">ACSS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Asian_Social_Science_Research_Councils&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Asian Social Science Research Councils (page does not exist)">AASSREC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caribbean Academy of Sciences (page does not exist)">CASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consejo_Latinoamericano_de_Ciencias_Sociales" class="mw-redirect" title="Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales">CLACSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Development_of_Social_Science_Research_in_Africa" title="Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa">CODESRIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Faculty_of_Social_Sciences" title="Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences">FLACSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Acad%C3%A9mique_Internationale" title="Union Académique Internationale">UAI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Social_Science_Research_in_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa (page does not exist)">OSSREA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_South_Pacific" title="University of the South Pacific">USP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unions and<br />associations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Social_Studies_of_Science" title="Society for Social Studies of Science">4S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Association_of_Legal_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Association of Legal Science (page does not exist)">IALS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Arctic_Social_Sciences_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Arctic Social Sciences Association (page does not exist)">IASSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">IAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cartographic_Association" title="International Cartographic Association">ICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Economic_Association" title="International Economic Association">IEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Societies_for_Microscopy" title="International Federation of Societies for Microscopy">IFSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Geographical_Union" title="International Geographical Union">IGU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Union" title="International Mathematical Union">IMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Quaternary_Research" title="International Union for Quaternary Research">INQUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Research_Association" title="International Peace Research Association">IPRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Political_Science_Association" title="International Political Science Association">IPSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sociological_Association" title="International Sociological Association">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Ecological_Economics" title="International Society for Ecological Economics">ISEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Photogrammetry_and_Remote_Sensing" title="International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing">ISPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Biochemistry_and_Molecular_Biology" title="International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology">IUBMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Biological_Sciences" title="International Union of Biological Sciences">IUBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Crystallography" title="International Union of Crystallography">IUCr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Food_Science_and_Technology" title="International Union of Food Science and Technology">IUFoST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Forest_Research_Organizations" title="International Union of Forest Research Organizations">IUFRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Geodesy_and_Geophysics" title="International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics">IUGG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Geological_Sciences" title="International Union of Geological Sciences">IUGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_History_and_Philosophy_of_Science" title="International Union of History and Philosophy of Science">IUHPST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Immunological_Societies" title="International Union of Immunological Societies">IUIS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Materials_Research_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Union of Materials Research Society (page does not exist)">IUMRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Microbiological_Societies" title="International Union of Microbiological Societies">IUMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Nutritional_Sciences" title="International Union of Nutritional Sciences">IUNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Pure_and_Applied_Biophysics" title="International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics">IUPAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Physics" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Physics">IUPAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Physical_and_Engineering_Sciences_in_Medicine" title="International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine">IUPESM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Basic_and_Clinical_Pharmacology" title="International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology">IUPHAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Physiological_Sciences" title="International Union of Physiological Sciences">IUPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Psychological_Science" title="International Union of Psychological Science">IUPsyS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Soil_Sciences" title="International Union of Soil Sciences">IUSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_the_Scientific_Study_of_Population" title="International Union for the Scientific Study of Population">IUSSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Theoretical_and_Applied_Mechanics" title="International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics">IUTAM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Toxicology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Union of Toxicology (page does not exist)">IUTOX</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">URSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Association_for_Public_Opinion_Research" title="World Association for Public Opinion Research">WAPOR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Anthropological_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Anthropological Union (page does not exist)">WAU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliated<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Academy_of_Sciences" title="African Academy of Sciences">AAS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Academies_and_Societies_of_Sciences_in_Asia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Academies and Societies of Sciences in Asia (page does not exist)">AASSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Academy of Social Sciences">ACSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Science-Technology_Centers" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Science-Technology Centers">ASTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Illumination" title="International Commission on Illumination">CIE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Association_of_Development_and_Training_Institutes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Association of Development and Training Institutes (page does not exist)">EADI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Consortium_for_Political_Research" title="European Consortium for Political Research">ECPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_des_G%C3%A9om%C3%A8tres" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération Internationale des Géomètres">FIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Young_Academy" title="Global Young Academy">GYA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Applied_Psychology" title="International Association of Applied Psychology">IAAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Hydro-Environment_Engineering_and_Research" title="International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research">IAHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Arctic_Science_Committee" title="International Arctic Science Committee">IASC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_for_Acoustics" title="International Commission for Acoustics">ICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Industrial_and_Applied_Mathematics" title="International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics">ICIAM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Council_for_Laboratory_Animal_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (page does not exist)">ICLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_for_Optics" title="International Commission for Optics">ICO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Scientific_and_Technical_Information" title="International Council for Scientific and Technical Information">ICSTI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Federation_of_Data_Organizations_for_Social_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Federation of Data Organizations for Social Science (page does not exist)">IFDO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Information_Processing" title="International Federation for Information Processing">IFIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Library_Associations_and_Institutions" title="International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions">IFLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Foundation_for_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="International Foundation for Science">IFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Applied_Systems_Analysis" title="International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis">IIASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Studies_Association" title="International Studies Association">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Digital_Earth" title="International Society for Digital Earth">ISDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Vacuum_Science,_Technique_and_Applications" title="International Union for Vacuum Science, Technique and Applications">IUVSTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Water_Association" title="International Water Association">IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Science_Association" title="Pacific Science Association">PSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Council" title="Social Science Research Council">SSRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnational_Institute" title="Transnational Institute">TNI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Academy_of_Sciences" title="The World Academy of Sciences">TWAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Speleology" title="International Union of Speleology">UIS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241824#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241824#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241824#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120975807">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/140152516">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/152283551">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5097-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79099059">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123152169">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123152169">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35235342">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX88222">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90123523">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810616021105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007460516205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058594883306706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01938804?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032047886">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox 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