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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F30876870%2FIncreased_Oxygen_Consumption_Following_Activation_of_Brain_Theoretical_Footnotes_Using_Spectroscopic_Data_from_Barrel_Cortex%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":51302949,"identifier":"Attachment_51302949","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":30876870,"created_at":"2017-01-11T07:47:48.475-08:00","from_world_paper_id":160275355,"updated_at":"2024-11-17T10:14:12.475-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"Optical imaging spectroscopy (OIS) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) data sequences from anesthetized rats were used to determine the relationship between changes in oxy-and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration and changes in blood volume and flow in the presence and absence of stimulation. The data from Jones et al. (accompanying paper) were used to explore the differences between two theoretical models of flow activation coupling. The essential difference between the two models is the extension of the model of Buxton and Frank by Hyder et al. (1998, J. Appl. Physiol. 85: 554 -564) to incorporate change in capillary diffusivity coupled to flow. In both models activation-increased flow changes increase oxygen transport from the capillary; however, in Hyder et al.'s model the diffusivity of the capillary itself is increased. Hyder et al. proposed a parameter (⍀), a scaling \"constant\" linking increased blood flow and oxygen \"diffusivity\" in the capillary bed. Thus, in Buxton and Frank's theory, ⍀ ‫؍‬ 0; i.e., there are no changes in diffusivity. In Hyder et al.'s theory, 0 \u003c ⍀ \u003c 1, and changes in diffusivity are assumed to be linearly related to flow changes. We elaborate the theoretical position of both models to show that, in principle, the different predictions from the two theories can be evaluated using optical imaging spectroscopy data. We find that both theoretical positions have limitations when applied to data from brief stimulation and when applied to data from mild hypercapnia. In summary, the analysis showed that although Hyder et al.'s proposal that diffusivity increased during activation did occur; it was shown to arise from an implementation of Buxton and Frank's theory under episodes of brief stimulation. The results also showed that the scaling parameter ⍀ is not a constant as the Hyder et al. model entails but in fact varies over the time course of the flow changes. Data from experiments in which mild hypercapnia was administered also indicated changes in the diffusivity of the capillary bed, but in this case the changes were negative; i.e., oxygen transport from the capillary decreased relative to baseline under hypercapnia. Neither of the models could account for the differences between the hypercapnia and activation data when matched for equivalent flow changes. A modification to the models to allow non-null tissue oxygen concentrations that can be moderated by changes due to increased metabolic demand following increased neural activity is proposed. This modification would allow modulation of oxygen transport from the capillary bed (e.g., changes in diffusivity) by tissue oxygen tension and would allow a degree of decoupling of flow and oxygen delivery, which can encompass both the data from stimulation and from hypercapnia.","publication_date":"2001,,","publication_name":"NeuroImage","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"51302949"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Increased Oxygen Consumption Following Activation of Brain: Theoretical Footnotes Using Spectroscopic Data from Barrel Cortex","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [58771282]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":51302949,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Increased Oxygen Consumption Following Activation of Brain: Theoretical Footnotes Using Spectroscopic Data from Barrel Cortex”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/51302949/mini_magick20190125-25802-gs0vby.png?1548476878" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Increased Oxygen Consumption Following Activation of Brain: Theoretical Footnotes Using Spectroscopic Data from Barrel Cortex</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58771282" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MylesJones1"><img alt="Profile image of Myles Jones" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Myles Jones</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2001, NeuroImage</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":51302949,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/30876870/Increased_Oxygen_Consumption_Following_Activation_of_Brain_Theoretical_Footnotes_Using_Spectroscopic_Data_from_Barrel_Cortex"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":51302949,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/30876870/Increased_Oxygen_Consumption_Following_Activation_of_Brain_Theoretical_Footnotes_Using_Spectroscopic_Data_from_Barrel_Cortex"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="51302949" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/30876870/Increased_Oxygen_Consumption_Following_Activation_of_Brain_Theoretical_Footnotes_Using_Spectroscopic_Data_from_Barrel_Cortex" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="70086473" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70086473/Changes_in_effective_diffusivity_for_oxygen_during_neural_activation_and_deactivation_estimated_from_capillary_diameter_measured_by_two_photon_laser_microscope">Changes in effective diffusivity for oxygen during neural activation and deactivation estimated from capillary diameter measured by two-photon laser microscope</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39366954" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YTajima">Yosuke Tajima</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The journal of physiological sciences : JPS, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The relation between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) can be expressed using the effective diffusivity for oxygen in the capillary bed (D) as OEF = 1 - exp(-D/CBF). 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This may indicate that thinner capillaries might pla...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Changes in effective diffusivity for oxygen during neural activation and deactivation estimated from capillary diameter measured by two-photon laser microscope","attachmentId":79957385,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/70086473/Changes_in_effective_diffusivity_for_oxygen_during_neural_activation_and_deactivation_estimated_from_capillary_diameter_measured_by_two_photon_laser_microscope","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/70086473/Changes_in_effective_diffusivity_for_oxygen_during_neural_activation_and_deactivation_estimated_from_capillary_diameter_measured_by_two_photon_laser_microscope"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="13227321" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13227321/A_Model_for_the_Coupling_Between_Cerebral_Blood_Flow_and_Oxygen_Metabolism_During_Neural_Stimulation">A Model for the Coupling Between Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Metabolism During Neural Stimulation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32478770" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/RichardbBuxton">Richard b. Buxton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Model for the Coupling Between Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Metabolism During Neural Stimulation","attachmentId":45571731,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13227321/A_Model_for_the_Coupling_Between_Cerebral_Blood_Flow_and_Oxygen_Metabolism_During_Neural_Stimulation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neuron, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Linear and Nonlinear Relationships between Neuronal Activity, Oxygen Metabolism, and Hemodynamic Responses","attachmentId":44022768,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23603664/Linear_and_Nonlinear_Relationships_between_Neuronal_Activity_Oxygen_Metabolism_and_Hemodynamic_Responses","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23603664/Linear_and_Nonlinear_Relationships_between_Neuronal_Activity_Oxygen_Metabolism_and_Hemodynamic_Responses"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="30876871" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30876871/A_Model_of_the_Hemodynamic_Response_and_Oxygen_Delivery_to_Brain">A Model of the Hemodynamic Response and Oxygen Delivery to Brain</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58771282" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MylesJones1">Myles Jones</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">NeuroImage, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Model of the Hemodynamic Response and Oxygen Delivery to Brain","attachmentId":51303016,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30876871/A_Model_of_the_Hemodynamic_Response_and_Oxygen_Delivery_to_Brain","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30876871/A_Model_of_the_Hemodynamic_Response_and_Oxygen_Delivery_to_Brain"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="30876864" data-sort-order="default"><a 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Oxygenation, and Volume Following Extended Stimulation of Rodent Barrel Cortex","attachmentId":51302943,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30876864/Changes_in_Blood_Flow_Oxygenation_and_Volume_Following_Extended_Stimulation_of_Rodent_Barrel_Cortex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30876864/Changes_in_Blood_Flow_Oxygenation_and_Volume_Following_Extended_Stimulation_of_Rodent_Barrel_Cortex"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="52000210" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52000210/Model_of_Blood_Brain_Transfer_of_Oxygen_Explains_Nonlinear_Flow_Metabolism_Coupling_During_Stimulation_of_Visual_Cortex">Model of Blood-Brain Transfer of Oxygen Explains Nonlinear Flow-Metabolism Coupling During Stimulation of Visual Cortex</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47162297" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AGjedde">Albert Gjedde</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2000</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The coupling between cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) and blood flow (CBF) in response to visual stimulation was evaluated by means of a model of oxygen delivery. The model predicted a nonlinear relationship between stimulus-evoked changes of oxygen consumption and blood flow. The magnitude of the CMRO2/CBF ratio index ( IO2) was used to indicate the degree of flow-metabolism coupling prevailing in specific areas of the brain during physiological stimulation. Therefore, the index provided a measure of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance contrast. To evaluate the changes of IO2 in response to visual stimulation, the model was applied to the effect of a changing flicker rate of a visual stimulus on the magnitudes of CBF, CMRO2, and oxygen diffusion capacity, in the human brain. Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to measure the CBF and the CMRO2 in 12 healthy volunteers who viewed a cross-hair (baseline) or a yellow-blue annular checkerboar...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Model of Blood-Brain Transfer of Oxygen Explains Nonlinear Flow-Metabolism Coupling During Stimulation of Visual Cortex","attachmentId":69467522,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/52000210/Model_of_Blood_Brain_Transfer_of_Oxygen_Explains_Nonlinear_Flow_Metabolism_Coupling_During_Stimulation_of_Visual_Cortex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/52000210/Model_of_Blood_Brain_Transfer_of_Oxygen_Explains_Nonlinear_Flow_Metabolism_Coupling_During_Stimulation_of_Visual_Cortex"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="8005245" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8005245/Concurrent_Optical_Imaging_Spectroscopy_and_Laser_Doppler_Flowmetry_The_Relationship_between_Blood_Flow_Oxygenation_and_Volume_in_Rodent_Barrel_Cortex">Concurrent Optical Imaging Spectroscopy and Laser-Doppler Flowmetry: The Relationship between Blood Flow, Oxygenation, and Volume in Rodent Barrel Cortex</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15324206" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DaveJohnston2">Dave Johnston</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neuroimage, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Concurrent Optical Imaging Spectroscopy and Laser-Doppler Flowmetry: The Relationship between Blood Flow, Oxygenation, and Volume in Rodent Barrel Cortex","attachmentId":48256771,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8005245/Concurrent_Optical_Imaging_Spectroscopy_and_Laser_Doppler_Flowmetry_The_Relationship_between_Blood_Flow_Oxygenation_and_Volume_in_Rodent_Barrel_Cortex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8005245/Concurrent_Optical_Imaging_Spectroscopy_and_Laser_Doppler_Flowmetry_The_Relationship_between_Blood_Flow_Oxygenation_and_Volume_in_Rodent_Barrel_Cortex"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="13421666" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13421666/Dynamic_Changes_in_Cerebral_Blood_Flow_O2_Tension_and_Calculated_Cerebral_Metabolic_Rate_of_O2_During_Functional_Activation_Using_Oxygen_Phosphorescence_Quenching">Dynamic Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow, O2 Tension, and Calculated Cerebral Metabolic Rate of O2 During Functional Activation Using Oxygen Phosphorescence Quenching</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32638922" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/JoelGreenberg">Joel Greenberg</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dynamic Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow, O2 Tension, and Calculated Cerebral Metabolic Rate of O2 During Functional Activation Using Oxygen Phosphorescence Quenching","attachmentId":45360958,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13421666/Dynamic_Changes_in_Cerebral_Blood_Flow_O2_Tension_and_Calculated_Cerebral_Metabolic_Rate_of_O2_During_Functional_Activation_Using_Oxygen_Phosphorescence_Quenching","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13421666/Dynamic_Changes_in_Cerebral_Blood_Flow_O2_Tension_and_Calculated_Cerebral_Metabolic_Rate_of_O2_During_Functional_Activation_Using_Oxygen_Phosphorescence_Quenching"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="58187837" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58187837/Blood_flow_and_oxygen_delivery_to_human_brain_during_functional_activity_theoretical_modeling_and_experimental_data">Blood flow and oxygen delivery to human brain during functional activity: theoretical modeling and experimental data</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45594487" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GordonShulman">Gordon Shulman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Coupling of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO(2)) in physiologically activated brain states remains the subject of debates. Recently it was suggested that CBF is tightly coupled to oxidative metabolism in a nonlinear fashion. As part of this hypothesis, mathematical models of oxygen delivery to the brain have been described in which disproportionately large increases in CBF are necessary to sustain even small increases in CMRO(2) during activation. We have explored the coupling of CBF and oxygen delivery by using two complementary methods. First, a more complex mathematical model was tested that differs from those recently described in that no assumptions were made regarding tissue oxygen level. Second, [(15)O] water CBF positron emission tomography (PET) studies in nine healthy subjects were conducted during states of visual activation and hypoxia to examine the relationship of CBF and oxygen delivery. In contrast to previous reports, our model ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Blood flow and oxygen delivery to human brain during functional activity: theoretical modeling and experimental data","attachmentId":72720049,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58187837/Blood_flow_and_oxygen_delivery_to_human_brain_during_functional_activity_theoretical_modeling_and_experimental_data","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/58187837/Blood_flow_and_oxygen_delivery_to_human_brain_during_functional_activity_theoretical_modeling_and_experimental_data"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="13111756" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13111756/The_effects_of_transit_time_heterogeneity_on_brain_oxygenation_during_rest_and_functional_activation">The effects of transit time heterogeneity on brain oxygenation during rest and functional activation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32362281" href="https://au.academia.edu/Leif%C3%98stergaard">Leif Østergaard</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32454165" href="https://au.academia.edu/SuneJespersen">Sune Jespersen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The effects of transit time heterogeneity on brain oxygenation during rest and functional activation","attachmentId":45656770,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13111756/The_effects_of_transit_time_heterogeneity_on_brain_oxygenation_during_rest_and_functional_activation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13111756/The_effects_of_transit_time_heterogeneity_on_brain_oxygenation_during_rest_and_functional_activation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":51302949,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":51302949,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_51302949" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/11925826/Spectroscopic_analysis_of_neural_activity_in_brain_increased_oxygen_consumption_following_">Spectroscopic analysis of neural activity in brain: increased oxygen consumption following …</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29530872" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CoffeyPeter">Peter Coffey</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neuroimage, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Spectroscopic analysis of neural activity in brain: increased oxygen consumption following 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ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81998038/Homogenization_of_capillary_flow_and_oxygenation_in_deeper_cortical_layers_correlates_with_increased_oxygen_extraction">Homogenization of capillary flow and oxygenation in deeper cortical layers correlates with increased oxygen extraction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46188367" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IkbalSencan">Ikbal Sencan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Homogenization of capillary flow and oxygenation in deeper cortical layers correlates with increased oxygen 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class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30876863/_Spectroscopic_Analysis_of_Neural_Activity_in_Brain_Increased_Oxygen_Consumption_Following_Activation_of_Barrel_Cortex_">“Spectroscopic Analysis of Neural Activity in Brain: Increased Oxygen Consumption Following Activation of Barrel Cortex”</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58771282" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MylesJones1">Myles Jones</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">NeuroImage, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“Spectroscopic Analysis of Neural Activity in Brain: Increased Oxygen Consumption Following Activation of Barrel 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class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89907034/More_homogeneous_capillary_flow_and_oxygenation_in_deeper_cortical_layers_correlate_with_increased_oxygen_extraction">More homogeneous capillary flow and oxygenation in deeper cortical layers correlate with increased oxygen extraction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46188367" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IkbalSencan">Ikbal Sencan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">eLife, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"More homogeneous capillary flow and oxygenation in deeper cortical layers correlate with increased oxygen 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class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15623296/Evoked_cerebral_blood_flow_is_linear_to_neuronal_activation_but_independent_of_metabolic_oxygen_demand">Evoked cerebral blood flow is linear to neuronal activation but independent of metabolic oxygen demand</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34797888" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IwaoKanno">Iwao Kanno</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Congress Series, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evoked cerebral blood flow is linear to neuronal activation but independent of metabolic oxygen 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class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2675653/Characterization_of_cerebral_blood_oxygenation_and_flow_changes_during_prolonged_brain_activation">Characterization of cerebral blood oxygenation and flow changes during prolonged brain activation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="159104" href="https://nih.academia.edu/PeterBandettini">Peter Bandettini</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Characterization of cerebral blood oxygenation and flow changes during prolonged brain 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ds2-5-body-xs">2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Perfusion Pressure: An Observational Study Transient Changes in Brain Tissue Oxygen in Response to Modifications of Cerebral","attachmentId":44831468,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13891422/Perfusion_Pressure_An_Observational_Study_Transient_Changes_in_Brain_Tissue_Oxygen_in_Response_to_Modifications_of_Cerebral","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39627693" href="https://pitt.academia.edu/AlbertoVazquez">Alberto Vazquez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">NeuroImage, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dynamics of oxygen delivery and consumption during evoked neural stimulation using a compartment model and CBF and tissue PO2 measurements","attachmentId":40578442,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19361907/Dynamics_of_oxygen_delivery_and_consumption_during_evoked_neural_stimulation_using_a_compartment_model_and_CBF_and_tissue_PO2_measurements","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19361907/Dynamics_of_oxygen_delivery_and_consumption_during_evoked_neural_stimulation_using_a_compartment_model_and_CBF_and_tissue_PO2_measurements"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="59387105" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59387105/Cerebral_oxygen_demand_for_short_lived_and_steady_state_events">Cerebral oxygen demand for short-lived and steady-state events</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33062822" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BasavarajuSanganahalli">Basavaraju Sanganahalli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Neurochemistry, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cerebral oxygen demand for short-lived and steady-state events","attachmentId":73336336,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59387105/Cerebral_oxygen_demand_for_short_lived_and_steady_state_events","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59387105/Cerebral_oxygen_demand_for_short_lived_and_steady_state_events"><span 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Bruley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Microvascular Research, 1974</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Theoretical Studies of Brain Autoregulation: Oxygen Transport to Tissue","attachmentId":71141559,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/55112251/Theoretical_Studies_of_Brain_Autoregulation_Oxygen_Transport_to_Tissue","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/55112251/Theoretical_Studies_of_Brain_Autoregulation_Oxygen_Transport_to_Tissue"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="109536671" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/109536671/Adaptation_of_cerebral_oxygen_metabolism_and_blood_flow_and_modulation_of_neurovascular_coupling_with_prolonged_stimulation_in_human_visual_cortex">Adaptation of cerebral oxygen metabolism and blood flow and modulation of neurovascular coupling with prolonged stimulation in human visual cortex</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32478770" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/RichardbBuxton">Richard b. 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