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.eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{padding-right:0.5rem;margin-right:0.25rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-i66k04-NavigationLink-LogoLink{padding-right:1rem;}}.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;height:2.0625rem;vertical-align:middle;}@media (min-width: 22.5rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{height:2.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{height:2.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 25.625rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{height:2.0625rem;width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{height:2.0625rem;width:auto;}}@media (max-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-qm4a7x-LogoIconWrapper{padding:0 0.25rem;}}.ssrcss-o7c2ms-BBCBlocks{height:2rem;max-width:7rem;}@media (min-width: 22.5rem){.ssrcss-o7c2ms-BBCBlocks{height:2rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-o7c2ms-BBCBlocks{height:2rem;}}@media (min-width: 25.625rem){.ssrcss-o7c2ms-BBCBlocks{height:2rem;width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-o7c2ms-BBCBlocks{height:2rem;}}.ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}.ssrcss-1hjcemq-AccessibilityLinkList{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:3.875rem;}.ssrcss-1mjrbfa-AccessibilityLink{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}.ssrcss-1mjrbfa-AccessibilityLink:focus{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;position:relative;display:block;top:0;left:0;z-index:1;padding:1rem;background:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid #8A8C8E;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;margin:auto;width:-webkit-max-content;width:-moz-max-content;width:max-content;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1mjrbfa-AccessibilityLink:focus{position:absolute;}}.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;width:100%;}}.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-sk8r9t-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding-right:3rem;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList{padding-right:0;}}.ssrcss-j17vi8-AccountOptionsList >li{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;min-width:2.75rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;text-align:left;}.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-khi21n-GlobalNavigationProduct-GlobalNavigationNonProductItem-GlobalNavigationAccount{width:11rem;}}.ssrcss-5fw2ee-AccountComponentWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:relative;min-width:inherit;width:inherit;}.ssrcss-uwr32o-StyledAccountPlaceholderComponent{height:100%;width:100%;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;text-align:left;display:inline-block;position:absolute;}html.no-js .ssrcss-uwr32o-StyledAccountPlaceholderComponent{display:none;}.ssrcss-n7m3zs-StyledLoadingPlaceholderWrapper{min-width:inherit;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:100%;}.ssrcss-h8wpjv-StyledAccountPlaceholderIconWrapper{display:inline-block;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;width:2rem;height:2rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-h8wpjv-StyledAccountPlaceholderIconWrapper{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;}}.ssrcss-1lgb55w-Skeleton-StyledAccountPlaceholderIcon{background-color:#F6F6F6;overflow:hidden;border-radius:50%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:2rem;height:2rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1lgb55w-Skeleton-StyledAccountPlaceholderIcon{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;}}.ssrcss-1z04xmt-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderTextWrapper{display:none;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1z04xmt-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderTextWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;height:100%;width:100%;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-left:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-82dxfl-Skeleton-StyledLoadingPlaceHolderText{background-color:#F6F6F6;overflow:hidden;width:100%;border-radius:5%;height:0.875rem;}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;pointer-events:none;opacity:0;box-sizing:border-box;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;min-width:1.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;text-align:center;margin-right:0.3125rem;}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0071F1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.625rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}html.no-js .ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{opacity:1;pointer-events:all;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{min-width:inherit;margin-right:0;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{min-width:3rem;text-align:center;}}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{width:8.5rem;text-align:left;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-ancd6v-NavigationLink-AccountLink{width:11rem;}}.ssrcss-1xrtdyt-AccountIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:2rem;height:2rem;vertical-align:-0.6875rem;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-1xrtdyt-AccountIconWrapper{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;vertical-align:-0.5625rem;}}.ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon{display:block;height:100%;width:100%;fill:currentcolor;}.ssrcss-qgttmg-AccountText{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}@media (min-width: 63rem){.ssrcss-qgttmg-AccountText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;margin-left:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-19sye53-VerticalSeparator{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19sye53-VerticalSeparator{display:block;border-left:0.0625rem solid #E6E8EA;height:1.5rem;margin-top:1rem;}}.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En{-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(8){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(1),.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(2),.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(3){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(4){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(5){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 45.5rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(6){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.ssrcss-1blxct3-NavigationBarLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(7){display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}}.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;margin-left:0.5rem;}.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-18tl6fu-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;}.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1yfeg7m-NavigationLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#000000;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1rvz278-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;}.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-f4w0g1-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#EB1212;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-c32wmt-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FFD230;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-hv3vcc-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#AAFF00;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-8y8dal-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0068FF;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1xo2gyv-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0052A1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-45jvgy-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#589E50;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-wtx82e-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct{color:#000000;text-align:center;height:3.75rem;}.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-o07jwc-GlobalNavigationProduct#more-menu-button{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;max-width:3rem;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end;}}.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;min-width:1.25rem;margin-top:-0.25rem;}.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1qxzppn-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:focus 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active){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media ( min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1loutj3-NavItemHoverState{width:2rem;}}.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.25rem;height:0.25rem;}.ssrcss-13dpa8i-DotsMenuIconWrapper>svg{vertical-align:0.1875rem;}}.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-order:2;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;padding-left:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{padding-left:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;width:2rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:none;}}.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;width:1.5rem;height:1.375rem;vertical-align:-0.5em;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;background:none;min-width:1.25rem;text-align:center;margin-top:-0.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{text-align:center;min-width:2.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#000000;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:3rem;width:3rem;text-align:center;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink{background:#E6E8EA;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:1rem;padding:0.75rem 0.625rem;margin-left:0.5rem;min-width:11.25rem;}.ssrcss-1bujrf4-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{display:none;}}.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.625rem;height:1.625rem;vertical-align:middle;color:#000000;width:1.75rem;height:1.8125rem;}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1.375rem;height:1.375rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-mwl823-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1rem;height:1rem;vertical-align:-0.25rem;}}.ssrcss-pz7t8-SearchText{padding-left:0.5rem;color:#000000;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}@media ( min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-pz7t8-SearchText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer{overflow:hidden;visibility:hidden;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-property:max-height,height;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);transition-delay:0s,0s,0.4s;transition-duration:0.4s,0.4s,0s;transition-property:max-height,height,display;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-duration:0.2s,0.2s,0s;}}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer:focus{outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu{height:0;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{visibility:visible;display:block;height:auto;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:28rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:8.125rem;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}.ssrcss-1obp207-MenuWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En:focus{outline:none;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{-webkit-flex-basis:auto;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto;}}@supports (display: grid){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:grid;grid-gap:0 0.5rem;gap:0 0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(7.5rem, 1fr));}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En>li{min-width:initial;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(1),.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(2),.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En li:nth-of-type(3){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li{padding-right:1.25rem;}.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(4){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(5){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 45.5rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(6){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.ssrcss-1pnyklo-MenuLinkList-En >li:nth-of-type(7){display:none;}}.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem{height:1.75rem;margin:0.25rem 0;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem{height:3.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem:focus>*::after,.ssrcss-1smaim7-MenuLinkListItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#141414;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-pt9t4a-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#EB1212;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-10zs8ef-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FFD230;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1l2ctwi-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#AAFF00;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1pho4im-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0068FF;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1v9lxe0-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0052A1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1u9nz9a-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#589E50;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-11p9y6l-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#482878;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-116dfr6-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#002856;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-l19037-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#149EDC;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-7nqmpo-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 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18.75rem){.ssrcss-ykhqnw-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-ykhqnw-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-ykhqnw-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-ykhqnw-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-ykhqnw-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-ykhqnw-MenuLink{margin:0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-ykhqnw-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1ejv6c9-CloseButtonWrapper{margin-top:0.25rem;}.ssrcss-1cxgy00-CallToActionLink{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-feature-settings:'ss01' 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37.5rem){.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{background-color:transparent;display:block;padding:0;margin:0;-webkit-flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer{overflow-x:scroll;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;-ms-overflow-style:-ms-autohiding-scrollbar;-ms-overflow-style:none;scrollbar-width:none;}.ssrcss-141d9xq-MenuListContainer::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}}}.ssrcss-1dxpp32-StyledMenuList{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' on;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1dxpp32-StyledMenuList{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;position:relative;left:-1rem;}@media (pointer: coarse){.ssrcss-1dxpp32-StyledMenuList{-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;}}}.ssrcss-or45ca-StyledMenuItem{border-bottom:0.0625rem solid #8A8C8E;position:relative;break-inside:avoid;margin:0;padding:0;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-or45ca-StyledMenuItem{border-bottom:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-or45ca-StyledMenuItem{-webkit-flex:none;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;}}.ssrcss-is8wz4-StyledLink{box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0.25rem 0 0.25rem 0.5rem;color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;min-height:3.375rem;}.ssrcss-is8wz4-StyledLink:hover,.ssrcss-is8wz4-StyledLink:focus{background-color:#F6F6F6;}.ssrcss-is8wz4-StyledLink:focus-visible{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem) #FFFFFF;outline:0.125rem solid 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37.5rem){.ssrcss-1fpnh7r-Button{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.222222222222222;}}.ssrcss-1fpnh7r-Button:focus-visible{outline:none;box-shadow:none;}.ssrcss-1fpnh7r-Button:disabled{opacity:0.2;cursor:auto;}.ssrcss-1fpnh7r-Button:hover:enabled,.ssrcss-1fpnh7r-Button:focus:enabled,.ssrcss-1fpnh7r-Button:active:enabled{position:relative;z-index:1;cursor:pointer;background:#8214E1;color:#FFFFFF;}.ssrcss-1fpnh7r-Button:focus:enabled{box-shadow:0 0 0 0.125rem #FFFFFF;outline:0.125rem solid #000000;outline-offset:0.125rem;}.ssrcss-1a1fy59-IconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1em;height:1em;min-width:1.25rem;vertical-align:-0.125em;}.ssrcss-9etswz-PanelWrapper{padding:0.75rem;display:block;}.ssrcss-177890g-StyledTitleArea{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-feature-settings:'ss01' on;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25;padding-bottom:1rem;white-space:pre-line;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-177890g-StyledTitleArea{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.222222222222222;}}.ssrcss-1wj93vq-ImageWrapper{display:none;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1wj93vq-ImageWrapper{width:33%;display:block;margin:0 0;background-image:url(https://static.files.bbci.co.uk/core/website/assets/static/bitesize/secondary-sparks.c3c51d65badcfa64c8da.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;-webkit-background-position:right center;background-position:right center;}}.ssrcss-fq0xf0-Zone-StandardZone{height:100%;margin:0 auto;}.ssrcss-5t889z-PageWrapper{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' on;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;color:#141414;margin-top:0;}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-5t889z-PageWrapper{margin-top:2rem;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1vd2y3y-ContainerWithSidebarWrapper{display:grid;grid-gap:1rem;grid-template-columns:18.75rem minmax(0, 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class="ssrcss-wdtf7t-Heading e10rt3ze0">The Open Door policy and immigration to 1928<span class="ssrcss-lezm6o-Subheading e1t29nfy3">New immigrants</span></h1><p class="ssrcss-106ae9-Summary e1t29nfy2">At the end of World War One there were three main ethnic groups in the USA - White Anglo-Saxon Protestants, 'new' immigrants from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean, and Black Americans.</p><p data-testid="metadata" class="ssrcss-14abiuv-MetadataWrapper e1ir0fuh1">Part of<!-- --> <a class="links" href="/bitesize/subjects/z2phvcw">History</a><span data-testid="styled-divider" class="ssrcss-1h0t3oz-StyledDivider e1ir0fuh0"></span><a class="links" href="/bitesize/topics/zh4cwmn">Civil rights in the USA</a></p><div class="ssrcss-zfej3t-ButtonGroup e1tkm4570"><div class="ssrcss-17ehax8-Cluster e1ihwmse1"><div spacing="4" class="ssrcss-m68fbm-ClusterItems e1ihwmse0"><div class="ssrcss-1uhdaf3-MobileFullWidthWrapper e1cpikhi0"><div data-testid="information-panel" 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data-testid="sidebar-scroll-wrapper" class="ssrcss-rx5b6l-SidebarScrollWrapper e107fkov3"><nav class="ssrcss-p79cnm-StyledStudyGuideTabsBar e107fkov2" aria-labelledby="tabbar-heading"><div class="ssrcss-1qo6ct7-VisibleHeadingWrapper eias33z3"><h2 id="tabbar-heading" type="normal" class="ssrcss-1qfxq8u-Heading e10rt3ze0">In this guide</h2></div><ol class="ssrcss-1paw11t-TabsList eias33z4"><li><a href="/bitesize/guides/zkng87h/revision/1" class="ssrcss-1gvux50-TabLink eias33z1"><div class="ssrcss-v2jpjw-TabContent eias33z2"><div class="ssrcss-1kfu1l0-IconWrapper eias33z5"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e161cein1" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M8.6 1.6c-3.1 0-5 1.8-5 5v18.9c0 3.1 1.8 5 5 5h19.7V6.1h-2.2v21.7H8.2c-1.2 0-2.3-1-2.3-2.3s1-2.3 2.3-2.3h15.3V1.6z"></path></svg></div><span class="ssrcss-53qv48-LabelWrap eias33z0">Revise</span></div></a></li><li><a href="/bitesize/guides/zkng87h/test" class="ssrcss-10udvru-TabLink eias33z1"><div class="ssrcss-1ucpzri-TabContent eias33z2"><div class="ssrcss-1kfu1l0-IconWrapper eias33z5"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e161cein1" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M17.2 1C9.3 1 3.4 6 3.4 12.8c0 6.7 5.9 11.8 13.8 11.8S31 19.6 31 12.8 25.1 1 17.2 1m-1.606 14.197v.306h2.615v-.306q0-.389.143-.695.142-.327.49-.633a7.5 7.5 0 0 1 .919-.715q.858-.593 1.389-1.185t.776-1.266.245-1.491q0-1.225-.613-2.104-.612-.899-1.736-1.369-1.102-.49-2.635-.49-1.062 0-2.063.225a7.4 7.4 0 0 0-1.879.694V8.64a7.2 7.2 0 0 1 1.696-.735 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 1.736-.225q1.123 0 1.756.49.654.47.654 1.287 0 .346-.082.633-.061.286-.265.552-.185.265-.531.592-.327.307-.879.735-.674.531-1.062 1.001-.367.45-.531.98a4.8 4.8 0 0 0-.143 1.247m.327 4.922q.408.225.98.225t.98-.225q.41-.225.613-.613.225-.408.225-.878 0-.757-.49-1.246-.47-.49-1.328-.49t-1.348.49q-.47.49-.47 1.246 0 .47.205.878.224.388.633.613" clip-rule="evenodd"></path><path d="M7.4 27.8C7.4 29.6 6 31 4.2 31 2.3 31 1 29.7 1 27.8c0-1.8 1.4-3.2 3.2-3.2s3.2 1.4 3.2 3.2"></path></svg></div><span class="ssrcss-53qv48-LabelWrap eias33z0">Test</span></div></a></li></ol></nav><nav aria-labelledby="sidebar-heading" class="ssrcss-dxkw4d-SidebarNavigation efgdili10"><div id="navigation-top" class="ssrcss-16hkbez-SidebarNavigationTop efgdili9"></div><div class="ssrcss-d3pbas-VisibleHeadingWrapper efgdili8"><h2 id="sidebar-heading" type="normal" class="ssrcss-1k20pxf-Heading e10rt3ze0">Pages</h2></div><div class="ssrcss-j1tvkn-SidebarNavSectionWrapper efgdili0"><ol><li><a href="/bitesize/guides/zkng87h/revision/1" aria-current="false" class="ssrcss-1fc0pzq-SidebarLink efgdili5"><span class="ssrcss-10niaat-SidebarItemSpan efgdili4">The Open Door Policy and immigration</span></a></li><li><a href="/bitesize/guides/zkng87h/revision/2" aria-current="false" class="ssrcss-1fc0pzq-SidebarLink efgdili5"><span class="ssrcss-10niaat-SidebarItemSpan efgdili4">Open door immigration policy</span></a></li><li><a href="/bitesize/guides/zkng87h/revision/3" aria-current="false" class="ssrcss-1fc0pzq-SidebarLink efgdili5"><span class="ssrcss-10niaat-SidebarItemSpan efgdili4">Ethnic groups in the USA</span></a></li><li><a href="/bitesize/guides/zkng87h/revision/4" aria-current="false" class="ssrcss-1fc0pzq-SidebarLink efgdili5"><span class="ssrcss-10niaat-SidebarItemSpan efgdili4">New immigrants</span></a></li><li><a href="/bitesize/guides/zkng87h/revision/5" aria-current="false" class="ssrcss-1fc0pzq-SidebarLink efgdili5"><span class="ssrcss-10niaat-SidebarItemSpan efgdili4">Attitudes towards immigration during the 1920s</span></a></li><li><a href="/bitesize/guides/zkng87h/revision/6" aria-current="false" class="ssrcss-1fc0pzq-SidebarLink efgdili5"><span class="ssrcss-10niaat-SidebarItemSpan efgdili4">The Red Scare</span></a></li><li><a href="/bitesize/guides/zkng87h/revision/7" aria-current="false" class="ssrcss-1fc0pzq-SidebarLink efgdili5"><span class="ssrcss-10niaat-SidebarItemSpan efgdili4">Black Americans</span></a></li></ol></div></nav></div></div><div data-testid="grid-wrapper" aria-live="polite" class="ssrcss-o09sa2-ArticleGridWrapper e107fkov1"><div spacing="7" class="ssrcss-6fqtmn-Stack e1y4nx260"><section id="gridBlock-0" data-stack-active="true" class="ssrcss-1wo0c1w-SectionWrapper enh46943"><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div data-menu-item-id="4"><div data-component="menu-heading-block" class="ssrcss-1tnhoox-ComponentWrapper e1okin9t0"><h2 id="4">New immigrants</h2></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-1ykw0fe-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p>From the 1890s onwards a new wave of immigrants began to arrive in the USA from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean.</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-1ykw0fe-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p>From 1892 immigrants were taken to Ellis Island in New York to be 'processed'. They received a medical inspection and if they failed they were sent back to where they came from.</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-1ykw0fe-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p>For these immigrants Ellis Island was an 'Island of Tears'. Those who passed were given a landing card and started the search for the American Dream.</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-1ykw0fe-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p>These new immigrants came from countries such as Italy, Poland, Russia and Lithuania.</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-1ykw0fe-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p>They left their own countries to escape poverty, and religious and political persecution.</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-1ykw0fe-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p>This group were generally poorer and less well educated than the more established Old Immigrants.</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-1ykw0fe-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p>As a result, many found it difficult to obtain well-paying jobs and instead had to accept lower wages. They were also often used to break strikes.</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-1ykw0fe-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><div><div class="ssrcss-cvhl9l-InlineImageWrapper e1yubpvt0"><figure class="ssrcss-181d9i9-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><img alt="Young boys on a sidewalk of Little Italy in New York 1900" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p01g8262.jpg" class="ssrcss-12x2rbi-Image edrdn950"/></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-11b8pqw-StyledFigureCaption e1xtk7to0"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Figure caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260">Little Italy became a neighbourhood for new immigrants</div></figcaption></figure></div><p>Slum-housing was another problem faced by this group. Cities such as New York, Boston and Chicago had high numbers of these immigrants living in such conditions in the early 20th century.</p></div></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-1ykw0fe-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p>Many new immigrants tended to live in communities consisting of people from their native country.</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-1ykw0fe-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p>Neighbourhoods with names such as ‘Little Italy’ and ‘Irish Town’ started to appear in American cities.</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-1ykw0fe-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><p>The result of this was that many in this group found integration difficult. They faced several obstacles in their pursuit of the American Dream. These obstacles included:</p></div></div></div><div data-layout="single" class="ssrcss-1wsza7t-Row enh46940"><div><div data-component="text-block" class="text-block ssrcss-1ykw0fe-TextWrapper e1ekt5r40"><ul><li>the language barrier</li> <li>poverty and slum housing</li> <li>racial prejudice</li> <li>religious conflict</li></ul></div></div></div></section></div><div style="height:0;overflow:hidden;width:100%"></div><div class="ssrcss-y11yry-NavigationWrapper e1r8rc346"><div class="ssrcss-ov4rjl-LinkWrapper e1r8rc345"><a href="/bitesize/guides/zkng87h/revision/5" class="ssrcss-1uc776e-NextPrevNavLinks e1r8rc344"><div class="ssrcss-1wrtz69-DirectionLabelWrapper e1r8rc343">Next page<div class="ssrcss-qk2e5i-IconWrapper e1r8rc342"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e161cein1" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M21.6 14.3 5.5 31h6.4l14.6-15L11.9 1H5.5l16.1 16.7z"></path></svg></div></div><span class="ssrcss-2d6z1u-LinkTitle e1r8rc341">Attitudes towards immigration during the 1920s</span><div class="ssrcss-7m07pq-LinkDescription e1r8rc340"></div></a></div><div class="ssrcss-ov4rjl-LinkWrapper e1r8rc345"><a href="/bitesize/guides/zkng87h/revision/3" class="ssrcss-1uc776e-NextPrevNavLinks e1r8rc344"><div class="ssrcss-1wrtz69-DirectionLabelWrapper e1r8rc343"><div class="ssrcss-qk2e5i-IconWrapper e1r8rc342"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e161cein1" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10.4 14.3 26.5 31h-6.4L5.5 16 20.1 1h6.4L10.4 17.7z"></path></svg></div>Previous page</div><span class="ssrcss-2d6z1u-LinkTitle e1r8rc341">Ethnic groups in the USA</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-1euvvif-Wrap e42f8511"><div class="ssrcss-hwurzf-Wrapper e1x17m8s1"><div spacing="4" class="ssrcss-wdw1q-Stack e1y4nx260"><div spacing="4" class="ssrcss-wdw1q-Stack e1y4nx260"><h2 type="normal" class="ssrcss-1k20pxf-Heading e10rt3ze0">More 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better quality of life for themselves and their families - they wanted to achieve 'The American Dream'.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":1}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>America was a land full of opportunity and it needed a steady flow of immigrants as the economy had expanded rapidly after the end of the \\u003cglossaryterm data-term=\\\"American Civil War\\\" data-description=\\\"A civil war that took place between 1861-1865 in the United States. Eleven Southern states (known collectively as the Confederacy) in which slavery was still legal wanted to leave the United States of America. \\\">Civil War\\u003c/glossaryterm> in 1865.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":2}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>The American government adopted an ‘open door’ policy on immigration. This is summarised on the inscription at the foot of the Statue of Liberty.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":3}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cblockquote>\\u003cp>\\u003ccredit>The Statue of Liberty\\u003c/credit>\\n Give me your tired, your poor,\\n Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,\\n The wretched refuse of your teaming shore.\\n Send these, the homeless, tempest tossed to me,\\n I lift my lamp beside the golden door'.\\u003c/p>\\u003c/blockquote>\",\"groupPosition\":4}}],[{\"type\":\"divider-block\",\"data\":null},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"menu-heading-block\",\"data\":{\"heading\":\"Ethnic groups in the USA at the end of World War One\",\"headingLevel\":1,\"id\":\"3\"}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>At the end of the First World War there were many identifiable groups who made up the majority of American society:\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":5}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cul>\\u003cli>White Anglo Saxon Protestants (also called WASPs or ‘old immigrants’)\\u003c/li>\\n \\u003cli>New immigrants\\u003c/li>\\n \\u003cli>Black Americans \\u003c/li>\\n \\u003cli>Native Americans\\u003c/li>\\n \\u003cli>Asians\\u003c/li>\\n \\u003cli>Hispanics\\u003c/li>\\u003c/ul>\",\"groupPosition\":6}}],[],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003ch3>The White Anglo Saxon Protestants\\u003c/h3>\",\"groupPosition\":7}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>This was the first immigrant group to settle in America in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. 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WASPs controlled the banks, industry, politics and law (among others).\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":12}}],[{\"type\":\"divider-block\",\"data\":null},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"menu-heading-block\",\"data\":{\"heading\":\"New immigrants\",\"headingLevel\":1,\"id\":\"4\"}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>From the 1890s onwards a new wave of immigrants began to arrive in the USA from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":13}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>From 1892 immigrants were taken to Ellis Island in New York to be 'processed'. They received a medical inspection and if they failed they were sent back to where they came from.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":14}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>For these immigrants Ellis Island was an 'Island of Tears'. Those who passed were given a landing card and started the search for the American Dream.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":15}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>These new immigrants came from countries such as Italy, Poland, Russia and Lithuania.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":16}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>They left their own countries to escape poverty, and religious and political persecution.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":17}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>This group were generally poorer and less well educated than the more established Old Immigrants.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":18}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>As a result, many found it difficult to obtain well-paying jobs and instead had to accept lower wages. They were also often used to break strikes.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":19}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cdiv>\\u003cinline-image recipe=\\\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/$recipe/p01g8262.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"Young boys on a sidewalk of Little Italy in New York 1900\\\" caption=\\\"Little Italy became a neighbourhood for new immigrants\\\">\\u003c/inline-image>\\u003cp>Slum-housing was another problem faced by this group. Cities such as New York, Boston and Chicago had high numbers of these immigrants living in such conditions in the early 20th century.\\u003c/p>\\u003c/div>\",\"groupPosition\":20}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>Many new immigrants tended to live in communities consisting of people from their native country.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":21}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>Neighbourhoods with names such as ‘Little Italy’ and ‘Irish Town’ started to appear in American cities.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":22}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>The result of this was that many in this group found integration difficult. They faced several obstacles in their pursuit of the American Dream. These obstacles included:\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":23}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cul>\\u003cli>the language barrier\\u003c/li>\\n \\u003cli>poverty and slum housing\\u003c/li>\\n \\u003cli>racial prejudice\\u003c/li>\\n \\u003cli>religious conflict\\u003c/li>\\u003c/ul>\",\"groupPosition\":24}}],[{\"type\":\"divider-block\",\"data\":null},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"menu-heading-block\",\"data\":{\"heading\":\"Changing attitudes towards immigration during the 1920s\",\"headingLevel\":1,\"id\":\"5\"}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003ch4>Why did attitudes change after 1918?\\u003c/h4>\",\"groupPosition\":25}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>During World War One, there was growing public concern about the increasing number of immigrants, as millions came to America to escape war and the economic depression that followed.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":26}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>Old Immigrants were concerned that foreign culture and religion would threaten the American way of life. What they really meant was that it would threaten the WASP way of life.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":27}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>Many Americans feared that as immigration increased, jobs and housing would become harder to obtain for a number of reasons:\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":28}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cul>\\u003cli>There was high unemployment in America after World War One. \\u003c/li>\\n \\u003cli>New immigrants were used to break strikes and were blamed for the deterioration in wages and working conditions.\\u003c/li>\\n \\u003cli>Immigrants also increased the demand for already scarce housing, increasing rent prices.\\u003c/li>\\u003c/ul>\",\"groupPosition\":29}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>There was also a general suspicion of new immigrants as many were poorly educated. 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They stated that convicts, polygamists (men with more than one wife), prostitutes, people suffering from serious diseases and those who could not financially support themselves would not be granted entry to the USA.\\u003c/li>\\n \\u003cli>Further controls were introduced in 1917 which widened the list of conditions placed on immigrants. \\u003c/li>\\n \\u003cli>Literacy tests and an almost complete ban on Asian immigration were also introduced. \\u003c/li>\\u003c/ul>\",\"groupPosition\":32}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>Despite this it continued to cause concern for many Americans, who began to reject the idea of America as a ‘melting pot’ where immigrants would quickly integrate and adopt the way of life.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":33}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>They felt American cities were more of a ‘salad bowl’ as immigrants retained their own languages and customs.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":34}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>World War One also caused divisions as many immigrants took different sides, for example.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":35}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>The language barrier increased tension, especially between old immigrants, who spoke English, and the new immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and Asia, who often did not.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":36}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>Similarly, religious beliefs caused division as old immigrants were mostly Protestant (with the exception of the Irish), while many new immigrants were Catholics or Jewish.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":37}}],[{\"type\":\"divider-block\",\"data\":null},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"menu-heading-block\",\"data\":{\"heading\":\"The Red Scare\",\"headingLevel\":1,\"id\":\"6\"}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>After the \\u003cglossaryterm data-term=\\\"Russian Revolution (1917)\\\" data-description=\\\"An uprising led by the Bolshevik party under Lenin. The Bolsheviks were committed to the ideas of Karl Marx and believed that the working classes should liberate themselves from the economic and political control of the ruling classes. The Bolshevik Party's popularity was given a strong boost in 1917 by a number of factors including: ongoing economic problems, Russia's involvement in World War One, the election of Soviets (councils elected by workers) and the failing popularity of the Provisional Government that took over after Tsar Nicholas II. \\\">Russian Revolution\\u003c/glossaryterm> of 1917, many southern and eastern European immigrants were blamed for causing strikes and spreading revolutionary ideas.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":38}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>In 1919, US President Woodrow Wilson appointed Alexander Mitchell Palmer as his Attorney General.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":39}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>Palmer claimed that Communist agents were trying to overthrow the American government and he ordered the arrest of over 10,000 suspected communists and anarchists.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":40}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>Almost 250 were deported back to their home countries.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":41}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003ch4>Case study – Sacco and Vanzetti\\u003c/h4>\",\"groupPosition\":42}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cdiv>\\u003cinline-image recipe=\\\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/$recipe/p01g81hq.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"Suspected communists Ferdinando Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti\\\" caption=\\\"Ferdinando Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti\\\">\\u003c/inline-image>\\u003cp>Ferdinando Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were suspected communists.\\u003c/p>\\u003c/div>\",\"groupPosition\":43}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>They were convicted of murdering two men during a 1920 armed robbery of a shoe factory in South Braintree, Massachusetts.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":44}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>After a controversial trial and a series of appeals, the two Italian immigrants were executed on 23 August 1927.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":45}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>The case divided opinion in America with many believing that the men were on trial for their radical beliefs, not the crimes that they were accused of.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":46}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>This idea was echoed by Vanzetti himself in his final statement in court.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":47}}],[{\"type\":\"divider-block\",\"data\":null},{\"data\":null},{\"data\":null}],[{\"type\":\"menu-heading-block\",\"data\":{\"heading\":\"Black Americans\",\"headingLevel\":1,\"id\":\"7\"}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>At the end of World War One, most black Americans were descendants of Africans who had been taken to America to be used as slaves during the 17th – 19th centuries.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":48}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cdiv>\\u003cinline-image recipe=\\\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/$recipe/p01g81pb.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"Police officer escorts Black American family moving house after the 1919 Chicago riots\\\" caption=\\\"Black Americans moving home\\\">\\u003c/inline-image>\\u003cp>They faced an unequal and segregated society in which racism and violence was common place, especially in the southern states.\\u003c/p>\\u003c/div>\",\"groupPosition\":49}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>Many black Americans migrated to northern cities such as New York, Detroit and Chicago, hoping to escape segregation in the south.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":50}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>Competition for jobs between black people and white people soon led to an increase in racial tensions in northern cities.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":51}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>Like new immigrants, black people were often used to break strikes and were blamed for lowering wages.\\u003c/p>\",\"groupPosition\":52}}],[{\"type\":\"text-block\",\"data\":{\"text\":\"\\u003cp>After the war, there were race riots in several northern cities. 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