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efficiency</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: higher efficiency"> <meta name="keywords" content="higher efficiency"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="higher efficiency"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 16648</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: higher efficiency</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16498</span> Development of High Temperature Mo-Si-B Based In-situ Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erhan%20Ayas">Erhan Ayas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buse%20Katipo%C4%9Flu"> Buse Katipoğlu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eda%20Metin"> Eda Metin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rifat%20Y%C4%B1lmaz"> Rifat Yılmaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The search for new materials has begun to be used even higher than the service temperature (~1150ᵒC) where nickel-based superalloys are currently used. This search should also meet the increasing demands for energy efficiency improvements. The materials studied for aerospace applications are expected to have good oxidation resistance. Mo-Si-B alloys, which have higher operating temperatures than nickel-based superalloys, are candidates for ultra-high temperature materials used in gas turbine and jet engines. Because the Moss and Mo₅SiB₂ (T2) phases exhibit high melting temperature, excellent high-temperature creep strength and oxidation resistance properties, however, low fracture toughness value at room temperature is a disadvantage for these materials, but this feature can be improved with optimum Moss phase and microstructure control. High-density value is also a problem for structural parts. For example, in turbine rotors, the higher the weight, the higher the centrifugal force, which reduces the creep life of the material. The density value of the nickel-based superalloys and the T2 phase, which is the Mo-Si-B alloy phase, is in the range of 8.6 - 9.2 g/cm³. But under these conditions, T2 phase Moss (density value 10.2 g/cm³), this value is above the density value of nickel-based superalloys. So, with some ceramic-based contributions, this value is enhanced by optimum values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molybdenum" title="molybdenum">molybdenum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composites" title=" composites"> composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ" title=" in-situ"> in-situ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mmc" title=" mmc"> mmc</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164861/development-of-high-temperature-mo-si-b-based-in-situ-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16497</span> Effect of Elevation and Wind Direction on Silicon Solar Panel Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20M.%20Homadi">Abdulrahman M. Homadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a great source of renewable energy, solar energy is considered to be one of the most important in the world, since it will be one of solutions cover the energy shortage in the future. Photovoltaic (PV) is the most popular and widely used among solar energy technologies. However, PV efficiency is fairly low and remains somewhat expensive. High temperature has a negative effect on PV efficiency and cooling system for these panels is vital, especially in warm weather conditions. This paper presents the results of a simulation study carried out on silicon solar cells to assess the effects of elevation on enhancing the efficiency of solar panels. The study included four different terrains. The study also took into account the direction of the wind hitting the solar panels. To ensure the simulation mimics reality, six silicon solar panels are designed in two columns and three rows, facing to the south at an angle of 30 <sup>o</sup>. The elevations are assumed to change from 10 meters to 200 meters. The results show that maximum increase in efficiency occurs when the wind comes from the north, hitting the back of the panels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20panels" title="solar panels">solar panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elevation" title=" elevation"> elevation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20direction" title=" wind direction"> wind direction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51440/effect-of-elevation-and-wind-direction-on-silicon-solar-panel-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51440.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16496</span> Factors Affecting Cost Efficiency of Municipal Waste Services in Tuscan Municipalities: An Empirical Investigation by Accounting for Different Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20Molinos-Senante">María Molinos-Senante</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giulia%20Romano"> Giulia Romano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims at investigating the effect of ownership in the efficiency assessment of municipal solid waste management. In doing so, the Data Envelopment Analysis meta-frontier approach integrating unsorted waste as undesirable output was applied. Three different clusters of municipalities have been created on the basis of the ownership type of municipal waste operators. In the second stage of analysis, the paper investigates factors affecting efficiency, in order to provide an outlook of levers to be used by policy and decision makers to improve efficiency, taking into account different management models in force. Results show that public waste management firms have better performance than mixed and private ones since their efficiency scores are significantly larger. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the efficiency of waste management firms is statistically influenced by the age of population, population served, municipal size, population density and tourism rate. It evidences the importance of economies of scale on the cost efficiency of waste management. This issue is relevant for policymakers to define and implement policies aimed to improve the long-term sustainability of waste management in municipalities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20envelopment%20analysis" title="data envelopment analysis">data envelopment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste" title=" municipal solid waste"> municipal solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ownership" title=" ownership"> ownership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undesirable%20output" title=" undesirable output"> undesirable output</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107760/factors-affecting-cost-efficiency-of-municipal-waste-services-in-tuscan-municipalities-an-empirical-investigation-by-accounting-for-different-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16495</span> The Rebound Effect of Energy Efficiency in Residential Energy Demand: Case of Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Aldubyan">Mohammad Aldubyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fateh%20Belaid"> Fateh Belaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anwar%20Gasim"> Anwar Gasim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims at linking to link residential energy efficiency to the rebound effect concept, a well-known behavioral phenomenon in which service consumption increases when consumers notice a reduction in monetary spending on energy due to improvements in energy efficiency. It provides insights on into how and why the rebound effect happens when energy efficiency improves and whether this phenomenon is positive or negative. It also shows one technique to estimate the rebound effect on the national residential level. The paper starts with a bird’s eye view of the rebound effect and then dives in in-depth into measuring the rebound effect and evaluating its impact. Finally, the paper estimates the rebound effect in the Saudi residential sector through by linking pre-estimated price elasticities of demand to the Saudi residential building stock. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title="energy efficiency">energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rebound%20effect" title=" rebound effect"> rebound effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20electricity%20demand" title=" residential electricity demand"> residential electricity demand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158063/the-rebound-effect-of-energy-efficiency-in-residential-energy-demand-case-of-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16494</span> Numerical Investigation into Capture Efficiency of Fibrous Filters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayotpaul%20Chaudhuri">Jayotpaul Chaudhuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lutz%20Goedeke"> Lutz Goedeke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Torsten%20Hallenga"> Torsten Hallenga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Ehrhard"> Peter Ehrhard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purification of gases from aerosols or airborne particles via filters is widely applied in the industry and in our daily lives. This separation especially in the micron and submicron size range is a necessary step to protect the environment and human health. Fibrous filters are often employed due to their low cost and high efficiency. For designing any filter the two most important performance parameters are capture efficiency and pressure drop. Since the capture efficiency is directly proportional to the pressure drop which leads to higher operating costs, a detailed investigation of the separation mechanism is required to optimize the filter designing, i.e., to have a high capture efficiency with a lower pressure drop. Therefore a two-dimensional flow simulation around a single fiber using Ansys CFX and Matlab is used to get insight into the separation process. Instead of simulating a solid fiber, the present Ansys CFX model uses a fictitious domain approach for the fiber by implementing a momentum loss model. This approach has been chosen to avoid creating a new mesh for different fiber sizes, thereby saving time and effort for re-meshing. In a first step, only the flow of the continuous fluid around the fiber is simulated in Ansys CFX and the flow field data is extracted and imported into Matlab and the particle trajectory is calculated in a Matlab routine. This calculation is a Lagrangian, one way coupled approach for particles with all relevant forces acting on it. The key parameters for the simulation in both Ansys CFX and Matlab are the porosity ε, the diameter ratio of particle and fiber D, the fluid Reynolds number Re, the Reynolds particle number Rep, the Stokes number St, the Froude number Fr and the density ratio of fluid and particle ρf/ρp. The simulation results were then compared to the single fiber theory from the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BBO-equation" title="BBO-equation">BBO-equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capture%20efficiency" title=" capture efficiency"> capture efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFX" title=" CFX"> CFX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matlab" title=" Matlab"> Matlab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibrous%20filter" title=" fibrous filter"> fibrous filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20trajectory" title=" particle trajectory"> particle trajectory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89211/numerical-investigation-into-capture-efficiency-of-fibrous-filters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16493</span> Profit and Nonprofit Sports Clubs, Financial and Organizational Comparison in Poland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Perechuda">Igor Perechuda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wojciech%20Cie%C5%9Bli%C5%84ski"> Wojciech Cieśliński</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper identifies the features of Polish sports clubs in the particular organizational forms: profit and nonprofit. Identification and description of these features is carried out in terms of financial efficiency of the given organizational form. Under the terms of the efficiency the research allows you to specify the advantages of particular organizational sports club form and the following limitations. Paper considers features of sports clubs in range of Polish conditions as legal regulations. The sources of the functioning efficiency of sports clubs may lie in the organizational forms in which they operate. Each of the available forms can be considered either a for-profit or nonprofit enterprise. Depending on this classification there are different capabilities of increasing organizational and financial efficiency of a given sports club. Authors start with general classification and difference between for-profit and non-profit sport clubs. Next identifies specific financial and organizational conditions of both organizational form and then show examples of mixed activity forms and their efficiency effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20efficiency" title="financial efficiency">financial efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=for-profit" title=" for-profit"> for-profit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-profit" title=" non-profit"> non-profit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20club" title=" sports club"> sports club</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29223/profit-and-nonprofit-sports-clubs-financial-and-organizational-comparison-in-poland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16492</span> Performance Evaluation of Conical Solar Concentrator System with Different Flow Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gwi%20Hyun%20Lee">Gwi Hyun Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mun%20Soo%20Na"> Mun Soo Na</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solar energy has many advantages of infinite and clean source, and also it can be used for reduction of greenhouse gases and environment pollution. Concentrated solar system is a very useful to achieve reasonably high thermal efficiency. Different types of solar concentrating systems have been developed such as parabolic trough and parabolic dish. Conical solar concentrator is one of the most reliable and promising renewable energy systems for higher temperature applications. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of flow rate affecting the thermal efficiency of a conical solar collector, which has a double tube absorber placed at focal axis for collecting solar radiation. A conical solar concentrator consists of a conical reflector, which reflects direct solar radiation into an absorber. A double tube absorber was placed at the center of focal axis for collecting the solar radiation reflected from a conical reflector. A dual tracking system consists of a linear actuator and slew drive with driving cycle of 6 seconds. Water was used as circulating fluid, which flows from inlet to outlet of an absorber for collecting solar radiation. Three identical conical solar concentrator systems were installed side by side at the same place for the accurate performance analysis under the same environmental conditions. Performance evaluations were carried out with different volumetric flow rate of 2, 4 and 6 L/min to find the influence of flow rate affecting on thermal efficiency. The results indicated that average thermal efficiency was 73.24%, 81.96%, and 79.78% for each flow rate of 2 L/min, 4 L/min, and 6 L/min. It shows that the flow rate of circulating water has a significant effect on the thermal efficiency of the conical solar concentrator. It is concluded that an optimum flow rate of conical solar concentrator is 6 L/min. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conical%20solar%20concentrator" title="conical solar concentrator">conical solar concentrator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20evaluation" title=" performance evaluation"> performance evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy%20system" title=" solar energy system"> solar energy system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68766/performance-evaluation-of-conical-solar-concentrator-system-with-different-flow-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16491</span> The Effect of Microwave Radiation on Biogas Production Efficiency Using Different Plant Substrates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcin%20Zieli%C5%84ski">Marcin Zieliński</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcin%20D%C4%99bowski"> Marcin Dębowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miros%C5%82aw%20Krzemieniewski"> Mirosław Krzemieniewski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the present work was to assess the impact of using electromagnetic microwave radiation as a means of stimulating the thermal conditions in anaerobic reactors on biomethanation efficiency of different plant substrates, as measured by the quantity and quality of the resultant biogas. Using electromagnetic microwave radiation to maintain optimal thermal conditions during biomethanation allows for achievement of much higher technological effects in comparison with a conventional heating system. After subjecting different plant substrates to fermentation in the model fermentation chambers, the largest improvements in regard to biogas production efficiency and biogas quality were recorded in the series with corn silage and grass silage. In the first case, the quantity of methane produced in the microwave-stimulated technological system exceeded by 15.26% the quantities produced in reactors heated conventionally. When grass silage was utilized as the organic substrate in the process of biomethanation, anaerobic reactors treated with microwave radiation produced 12.62% more methane. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20radiation" title="microwave radiation">microwave radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas" title=" biogas"> biogas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane%20fermentation" title=" methane fermentation"> methane fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3545/the-effect-of-microwave-radiation-on-biogas-production-efficiency-using-different-plant-substrates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16490</span> Strategic Fit between Higher Education Funding and the National Development Goals in Kazakhstan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ait%20Si%20Mhamed">Ali Ait Si Mhamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rita%20Kasa"> Rita Kasa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hans%20Vossensteyn"> Hans Vossensteyn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kazakhstan is the eight largest country on the globe, in terms of the territory, it is rich in natural resources and is developing dynamically. Kazakhstan strives to become one of the top 30 global economies by 2050. This goal preconditions intensive reforms in all sectors of economy, including higher education. This paper focuses on the higher education funding reforms that take place in Kazakhstan and their alignment with the strategic goals of national development. Currently, the government funds higher education costs for only a limited number of students while the majority of students pay full cost covering tuition fees. Only students with high examination scores at the end of the secondary education are eligible to be admitted to publically funded study places in higher education. While this merit-based higher education funding model is overall well-received in the country, there is also a discourse calling to change the existing approach of higher education funding. This paper draws on interviews with national policy makers and leadership at institutions of higher education in Kazakhstan collected during 2016. It seeks to answer a question about how well the current higher education funding mechanism is aligned with the strategic development goals in higher education. The paper discusses how stakeholders see the fit between the current higher education funding mechanism and the ability of higher education institutions to achieve the aims of national strategic development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education%20reform" title="higher education reform">higher education reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education%20funding" title=" higher education funding"> higher education funding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education%20policy" title=" higher education policy"> higher education policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazakhstan" title=" Kazakhstan"> Kazakhstan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81029/strategic-fit-between-higher-education-funding-and-the-national-development-goals-in-kazakhstan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16489</span> Sustainable Campus Assessment Tool: Case Study of Engineering Faculty, Alexandria University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faten%20Fares">Faten Fares</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Undoubtedly, the world today faces difficult environmental, financial, and social challenges. In order to change people’s lifestyle to be more sustainable, one must change people’s culture then spaces by focusing on education. Further, the higher education has a key role to play in the move toward a more sustainable world. In the overall analysis, the true sustainable university will make a significant effect. Since the sustainable campus is not only a green built environment, which aims at energy efficiency, water efficiency, waste management, and conserving resources but also it is how to implement green built environment. This implementation takes place while engaging the campus stakeholders (students, academic staff, assistants, workers, and administrators) through educating for sustainability. The main purpose of the research is to develop a tool to assess the sustainable campus and to be a framework for achieving more sustainable campuses. In the case study, the data were analyzed to know existing efforts and capabilities then measure the sustainability performance using the proposal framework at Alexandria University Engineering Campus. Finally, the findings of the research explain that campus is partially adherence with the proposal tool and need to be more sustainable in a formally implemented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title="sustainability">sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20campus" title=" sustainable campus"> sustainable campus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability%20teaching%20and%20research" title=" sustainability teaching and research"> sustainability teaching and research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=campus%20participation%20culture" title=" campus participation culture"> campus participation culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20improvement" title=" environmental improvement"> environmental improvement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63471/sustainable-campus-assessment-tool-case-study-of-engineering-faculty-alexandria-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16488</span> Efficiency of the Slovak Commercial Banks Applying the DEA Window Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iveta%20%C5%98epkov%C3%A1">Iveta Řepková</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to estimate the efficiency of the Slovak commercial banks employing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) window analysis approach during the period 2003-2012. The research is based on unbalanced panel data of the Slovak commercial banks. Undesirable output was included into analysis of banking efficiency. It was found that most efficient banks were Postovabanka, UniCredit Bank and Istrobanka in CCR model and the most efficient banks were Slovenskasporitelna, Istrobanka and UniCredit Bank in BCC model. On contrary, the lowest efficient banks were found Privatbanka and CitiBank. We found that the largest banks in the Slovak banking market were lower efficient than medium-size and small banks. Results of the paper is that during the period 2003-2008 the average efficiency was increasing and then during the period 2010-2011 the average efficiency decreased as a result of financial crisis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20envelopment%20analysis" title="data envelopment analysis">data envelopment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Slovak%20banking%20sector" title=" Slovak banking sector"> Slovak banking sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20analysis" title=" window analysis"> window analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8662/efficiency-of-the-slovak-commercial-banks-applying-the-dea-window-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16487</span> Modeling and Optimization of a Microfluidic Electrochemical Cell for the Electro-Reduction of CO₂ to CH₃OH</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barzin%20Rajabloo">Barzin Rajabloo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Desilets"> Martin Desilets</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> First, an electrochemical model for the reduction of CO₂ into CH₃OH is developed in which mass and charge transfer, reactions at the surface of the electrodes and fluid flow of the electrolyte are considered. This mathematical model is developed in COMSOL Multiphysics® where both secondary and tertiary current distribution interfaces are coupled to consider concentrations and potentials inside different parts of the cell. Constant reaction rates are assumed as the fitted parameters to minimize the error between experimental data and modeling results. The model is validated through a comparison with experimental data in terms of faradaic efficiency for production of CH₃OH, the current density in different applied cathode potentials as well as current density in different electrolyte flow rates. The comparison between model outputs and experimental measurements shows a good agreement. The model indicates the higher hydrogen evolution in comparison with CH₃OH production as well as mass transfer limitation caused by CO₂ concentration, which are consistent with findings in the literature. After validating the model, in the second part of the study, some design parameters of the cell, such as cathode geometry and catholyte/anolyte channel widths, are modified to reach better performance and higher faradaic efficiency of methanol production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title="carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20reduction" title=" electrochemical reduction"> electrochemical reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methanol" title=" methanol"> methanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108455/modeling-and-optimization-of-a-microfluidic-electrochemical-cell-for-the-electro-reduction-of-co2-to-ch3oh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16486</span> Exergy Analysis of Poultry Litter-to-Energy Production by the Advanced Combustion System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Oludayo%20Alamu">Samuel Oludayo Alamu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong%20Lee"> Seong Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The need for generating energy from biomass in an efficient way as well as maximizing the yield of total energy from the thermal conversion process has been a major concern for researchers. A holistic approach which involves the combination of First law of thermodynamics (FLT) and the second law of thermodynamics (SLT) is required for conducting an effective assessment of an energy plant since FLT analysis alone fails to identify the quality of the dissipated energy and how much work potential is available. The overall purpose of this study is to investigate the exergy analysis of direct combustion of poultry waste being converted to energy with a handful of environmental assessment of the conversion processes in order to maximize thermal efficiency. The exergy analysis around the shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE) was investigated primarily by varying the operating parameters for different tube shapes and flow direction, and an exergy model was obtained from estimations of the higher heating value and standard entropy of poultry waste from the elemental compositions. The STHE was designed and fabricated by Lee Research Group at Morgan State University. The analysis conducted on theSTHE using the flue gas temperature entering and exiting show that only about one-third of the energy input to the STHE was available to do work with an overall efficiency of 13.8%, while a huge amount was lost to the surrounding. By recirculating the flue gas, the exergy efficiency of the combustion system can be maximized with a greater reduction in the amount of exergy loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exergy%20analysis" title="exergy analysis">exergy analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shell%20and%20tube%20heat%20exchanger" title=" shell and tube heat exchanger"> shell and tube heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamics" title=" thermodynamics"> thermodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion%20system" title=" combustion system"> combustion system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20efficiency" title=" thermal efficiency"> thermal efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154358/exergy-analysis-of-poultry-litter-to-energy-production-by-the-advanced-combustion-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16485</span> The Design of PFM Mode DC-DC Converter with DT-CMOS Switch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Chang%20Kwak">Jae-Chang Kwak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Seo%20Koo"> Yong-Seo Koo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The high efficiency power management IC (PMIC) with switching device is presented in this paper. PMIC is controlled with PFM control method in order to have high power efficiency at high current level. Dynamic Threshold voltage CMOS (DT-CMOS) with low on-resistance is designed to decrease conduction loss. The threshold voltage of DT-CMOS drops as the gate voltage increase, resulting in a much higher current handling capability than standard MOSFET. PFM control circuits consist of a generator, AND gate and comparator. The generator is made to have 1.2MHz oscillation voltage. The DC-DC converter based on PFM control circuit and low on-resistance switching device is presented in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DT-CMOS" title="DT-CMOS">DT-CMOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMIC" title=" PMIC"> PMIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PFM" title=" PFM"> PFM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC-DC%20converter" title=" DC-DC converter"> DC-DC converter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11839/the-design-of-pfm-mode-dc-dc-converter-with-dt-cmos-switch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16484</span> Transient and Persistent Efficiency Estimation for Electric Grid Utilities Based on Meta-Frontier: Comparative Analysis of China and Japan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bai-Chen%20Xie">Bai-Chen Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biao%20Li"> Biao Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the deepening of international exchanges and investment, the international comparison of power grid firms has become the focus of regulatory authorities. Ignoring the differences in the economic environment, resource endowment, technology, and other aspects of different countries or regions may lead to efficiency bias. Based on the Meta-frontier model, this paper divides China and Japan into two groups by using the data of China and Japan from 2006 to 2020. While preserving the differences between the two countries, it analyzes and compares the efficiency of the transmission and distribution industries of the two countries. Combined with the four-component stochastic frontier model, the efficiency is divided into transient and persistent efficiency. We found that there are obvious differences between the transmission and distribution sectors in China and Japan. On the one hand, the inefficiency of the two countries is mostly caused by long-term and structural problems. The key to improve the efficiency of the two countries is to focus more on solving long-term and structural problems. On the other hand, the long-term and structural problems that cause the inefficiency of the two countries are not the same. Quality factors have different effects on the efficiency of the two countries, and this different effect is captured by the common frontier model but is offset in the overall model. Based on these findings, this paper proposes some targeted policy recommendations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20and%20distribution%20industries" title="transmission and distribution industries">transmission and distribution industries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20efficiency" title=" transient efficiency"> transient efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persistent%20efficiency" title=" persistent efficiency"> persistent efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-frontier" title=" meta-frontier"> meta-frontier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20comparison" title=" international comparison"> international comparison</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161749/transient-and-persistent-efficiency-estimation-for-electric-grid-utilities-based-on-meta-frontier-comparative-analysis-of-china-and-japan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161749.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16483</span> Comparative Analysis of Single Versus Multi-IRS Assisted Multi-User Wireless Communication System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayalew%20Tadese%20Kibret">Ayalew Tadese Kibret</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belayneh%20Sisay%20Alemu"> Belayneh Sisay Alemu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amare%20Kassaw%20Yimer"> Amare Kassaw Yimer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are considered to be a key enabling technology for sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. IRSs are electromagnetic (EM) surfaces that are fabricated and have integrated electronics, electronically controlled processes, and particularly wireless communication features. IRSs operate without the need for complex signal processing and the encoding and decoding steps that improve the signal quality at the receiver. Improving vital performance parameters such as energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) have frequently been the primary goals of research in order to meet the increasing requirements for advanced services in the future 6G communications. In this research, we conduct a comparative analysis on single and multi-IRS wireless communication networks using energy and spectrum efficiency. The energy efficiency versus user distance, energy efficiency versus signal to noise ratio, and spectral efficiency versus user distance are the basis for our result with 1, 2, 4, and 6 IRSs. According to the results of our simulation, in terms of energy and spectral efficiency, six IRS perform better than four, two, and single IRS. Overall, our results suggest that multi-IRS-assisted wireless communication systems outperform single IRS systems in terms of communication performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sixth-generation%20%286G%29" title="sixth-generation (6G)">sixth-generation (6G)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20networks" title=" wireless networks"> wireless networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20reflecting%20surfaces" title=" intelligent reflecting surfaces"> intelligent reflecting surfaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20efficiency" title=" spectral efficiency"> spectral efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191794/comparative-analysis-of-single-versus-multi-irs-assisted-multi-user-wireless-communication-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16482</span> Comparative study of the technical efficiency of the cotton farms in the towns of Banikoara and Savalou</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boukari%20Abdou%20Wakilou">Boukari Abdou Wakilou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Benin is one of West Africa's major cotton-producing countries. Cotton is the country's main source of foreign currency and employment. But it is also one of the sources of soil degradation. The search for good agricultural practices is therefore, a constant preoccupation. The aim of this study is to measure the technical efficiency of cotton growers by comparing those who constantly grow cotton on the same land with those who practice crop rotation. The one-step estimation approach of the stochastic production frontier, including determinants of technical inefficiency, was applied to a stratified random sample of 261 cotton producers. Overall, the growers had a high average technical efficiency level of 90%. However, there was no significant difference in the level of technical efficiency between the two groups of growers studied. All the factors linked to compliance with the technical production itinerary had a positive influence on the growers' level of efficiency. It is, therefore, important to continue raising awareness of the importance of respecting the technical production itinerary and of integrated soil fertility management techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20efficiency" title="technical efficiency">technical efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20fertility" title=" soil fertility"> soil fertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title=" cotton"> cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crop%20rotation" title=" crop rotation"> crop rotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benin" title=" benin"> benin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178298/comparative-study-of-the-technical-efficiency-of-the-cotton-farms-in-the-towns-of-banikoara-and-savalou" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16481</span> Contribution of Soluble Microbial Products on Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Wastewater Effluent from Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boonsiri%20Dandumrongsin">Boonsiri Dandumrongsin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halis%20Simsek"> Halis Simsek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaiwat%20Rongsayamanont"> Chaiwat Rongsayamanont</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is known as one of the persistence nitrogenous pollutant being originated from secondary treated effluent of municipal sewage treatment plant. However, effect of key system operating condition on the fate and behavior of residual DON in the treated effluent is still not known. This study aims to investigate effect of organic loading rate (OLR) on the residual level of DON in the biofilm reactor effluent. Synthetic municipal wastewater was fed into moving bed biofilm reactors at OLR of 1.6x10-3 and 3.2x10-3 kg SCOD/m3-d. The results showed higher organic removal efficiency was found in the reactor operating at higher OLR. However, DON was observed at higher value in the effluent of the higher OLR reactor than that of the lower OLR reactor evidencing a clear influence of OLR on the residual DON level in the treated effluent of the biofilm reactors. It is possible that the lower DON being observed in the reactor at lower OLR is likely to be a result of providing the microbe with the additional period for utilizing the refractory DON molecules during operation at lower organic loading. All the experiments were repeated using raw wastewaters and similar trend was obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissolved%20organic%20nitrogen" title="dissolved organic nitrogen">dissolved organic nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20retention%20time" title=" hydraulic retention time"> hydraulic retention time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20bed%20biofilm%20reactor" title=" moving bed biofilm reactor"> moving bed biofilm reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluble%20microbial%20products" title=" soluble microbial products"> soluble microbial products</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71660/contribution-of-soluble-microbial-products-on-dissolved-organic-nitrogen-in-wastewater-effluent-from-moving-bed-biofilm-reactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16480</span> Estimation of Energy Efficiency of Blue Hydrogen Production Onboard of Ships</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Chin%20Law">Li Chin Law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Epaminondas%20Mastorakos"> Epaminondas Mastorakos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Roslee%20Othman"> Mohd Roslee Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonis%20Trakakis"> Antonis Trakakis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper introduces an alternative concept of carbon capture for shipping by using pre-combustion carbon capture technology (Pre-CCS), which was proven to be less energy intensive than post-combustion carbon capture from the engine exhaust. Energy assessment on amine-based post-combustion CCS on LNG-fuelled ships showed that the energy efficiency of CCS ships reduced from 48% to 36.6%. Then, an energy assessment was carried out to compare the power and heat requirements of the most used hydrogen production methods and carbon capture technologies. Steam methane reformer (SMR) was found to be 20% more energy efficient and achieved a higher methane conversion than auto thermal reaction and methane decomposition. Next, pressure swing adsorber (PSA) has shown a lower energy requirement than membrane separation, cryogenic separation, and amine absorption in pre-combustion carbon capture. Hence, an integrated system combining SMR and PSA (SMR-PSA) with waste heat integration (WHR) was proposed. This optimized SMR-based integrated system has achieved 65% of CO₂ reduction with less than 7-percentage point of energy penalty (41.7% of energy efficiency). Further integration of post-combustion CCS with the SMR-PSA integrated system improved carbon capture rate to 86.3% with 9-percentage points of energy penalty (39% energy efficiency). The proposed system was shown to be able to meet the carbon reduction targets set by International Maritime Organization (IMO) with certain energy penalties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shipping" title="shipping">shipping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decarbonisation" title=" decarbonisation"> decarbonisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20fuels" title=" alternative fuels"> alternative fuels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20carbon" title=" low carbon"> low carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title=" hydrogen"> hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20capture" title=" carbon capture"> carbon capture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162788/estimation-of-energy-efficiency-of-blue-hydrogen-production-onboard-of-ships" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16479</span> Assessment of Green Finance, Financial Technology and Financial Inclusion on Green Energy Efficiency in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Irfan">Muhammad Irfan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The UN General Assembly has advocated improving energy efficiency by SDG criteria to promote global economic growth. Pakistan is confronted with financial obstacles when it comes to acquiring energy efficiency because of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic and political instability, budgetary strains, and poor financial circumstances. The study examines how cutting-edge financing approaches like FinTech, financial inclusion, and green financing affect Pakistan's energy consumption. It finds noteworthy outcomes. The study's results have demonstrated the important impact of these funding methods on energy conservation. The best and most helpful finance tool for energy efficiency is green financing; yet, because of differences in characteristics, workings, and financial institutions, FinTech, and financial inclusion play a smaller role in Pakistan. The researchers propose that to achieve energy efficiency, FinTech activities and funding criteria such as green bonds should be reviewed. It also advised authorities to create energy system-friendly regulations for green finance in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20finance" title="green finance">green finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FinTech" title=" FinTech"> FinTech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20inclusion" title=" financial inclusion"> financial inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185232/assessment-of-green-finance-financial-technology-and-financial-inclusion-on-green-energy-efficiency-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16478</span> Operator Efficiency Study for Assembly Line Optimization at Semiconductor Assembly and Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohana%20Abdullah">Rohana Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md%20Nizam%20Abd%20Rahman"> Md Nizam Abd Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seri%20Rahayu%20Kamat"> Seri Rahayu Kamat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Operator efficiency aspect is gaining importance in ensuring optimized usage of resources especially in the semi-automated manufacturing environment. This paper addresses a case study done to solve operator efficiency and line balancing issue at a semiconductor assembly and test manufacturing. A Man-to-Machine (M2M) work study technique is used to study operator current utilization and determine the optimum allocation of the operators to the machines. Critical factors such as operator activity, activity frequency and operator competency level are considered to gain insight on the parameters that affects the operator utilization. Equipment standard time and overall equipment efficiency (OEE) information are also gathered and analyzed to achieve a balanced and optimized production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operator%20efficiency" title="operator efficiency">operator efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimized%20production" title=" optimized production"> optimized production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=line%20balancing" title=" line balancing"> line balancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20and%20manufacturing%20engineering" title=" industrial and manufacturing engineering"> industrial and manufacturing engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20930/operator-efficiency-study-for-assembly-line-optimization-at-semiconductor-assembly-and-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20930.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">729</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16477</span> Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) as a Strategy for Competitiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ignatio%20Madanhire">Ignatio Madanhire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Mbohwa"> Charles Mbohwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research examines the effect of a human resource strategy and the overall equipment effectiveness as well as assessing how the combination of the two can increase a firm’s productivity. The human resource aspect is looked at in detail to assess motivation of operators through training to reduce wastage on the manufacturing shop floor. The waste was attributed to operators, maintenance personal, idle machines, idle manpower and break downs. This work seeks to investigate the concept of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) in addressing these short comings in the manufacturing case study. The impact of TPM to increase production while, as well as increasing employee morale and job satisfaction is assessed. This can be resource material for practitioners who seek to improve overall equipment efficiency (OEE) to achieve higher level productivity and competitiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance" title="maintenance">maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TPM" title=" TPM"> TPM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy" title=" strategy"> strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13446/total-productive-maintenance-tpm-as-a-strategy-for-competitiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16476</span> Dissecting Big Trajectory Data to Analyse Road Network Travel Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rania%20Alshikhe">Rania Alshikhe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinita%20Jindal"> Vinita Jindal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital innovation has played a crucial role in managing smart transportation. For this, big trajectory data collected from traveling vehicles, such as taxis through installed global positioning system (GPS)-enabled devices can be utilized. It offers an unprecedented opportunity to trace the movements of vehicles in fine spatiotemporal granularity. This paper aims to explore big trajectory data to measure the travel efficiency of road networks using the proposed statistical travel efficiency measure (STEM) across an entire city. Further, it identifies the cause of low travel efficiency by proposed least square approximation network-based causality exploration (LANCE). Finally, the resulting data analysis reveals the causes of low travel efficiency, along with the road segments that need to be optimized to improve the traffic conditions and thus minimize the average travel time from given point A to point B in the road network. Obtained results show that our proposed approach outperforms the baseline algorithms for measuring the travel efficiency of the road network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPS%20trajectory" title="GPS trajectory">GPS trajectory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20network" title=" road network"> road network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taxi%20trips" title=" taxi trips"> taxi trips</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20map" title=" digital map"> digital map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title=" big data"> big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STEM" title=" STEM"> STEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LANCE" title=" LANCE"> LANCE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134185/dissecting-big-trajectory-data-to-analyse-road-network-travel-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16475</span> Energy Saving as a Mean to Increase Energy Access in Sub-Saharan Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Levodo">Joseph Levodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ndimbarafine%20Young%20Tobin"> Ndimbarafine Young Tobin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Messina"> E. Messina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Edouma"> P. Edouma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy efficiency can contribute significantly towards increasing clean energy access to modern energy services. Many developing countries have largely focused on expanding energy access by increasing supply. This is due to the fact the links between energy efficiency and clean energy access are often unnoticed. Energy efficiency measures offer the promise of reducing energy use and saving money on electricity bills, as well as reducing negative environmental externalities associated with the production of electricity. This paper seeks to address the economic and effectiveness of reducing energy consumption by integrating energy efficiency as a priority to meet energy access examines the barriers to energy efficient in sub-Saharan African countries. The findings from this study reveal that an appropriate policy can promote the development of more energy-efficient buildings, products and strengthen incentives for consumers, businesses, and industrial customers to pursue cost-effective energy-efficiency measures and to make investments that will provide future energy-efficiency improvements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barriers" title="barriers">barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sub-Saharan%20Africa" title=" Sub-Saharan Africa"> Sub-Saharan Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20effective" title=" cost effective"> cost effective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20savings" title=" energy savings"> energy savings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20energy" title=" clean energy"> clean energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186120/energy-saving-as-a-mean-to-increase-energy-access-in-sub-saharan-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">48</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16474</span> Efficiency of Investments, Financed from EU Funds in Small and Medium Enterprises in Poland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jolanta%20Brodowska-Szewczuk">Jolanta Brodowska-Szewczuk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article includes the results and conclusions from empirical researches that had been done. The research focuses on the impact of investments made in small and medium-sized enterprises financed from EU funds on the competitiveness of these companies. The researches includes financial results in sales revenue and net income, expenses, and many other new products/services on offer, higher quality products and services, more modern methods of production, innovation in management processes, increase in the number of customers, increase in market share, increase in profitability of production and provision of services. The main conclusions are that, companies with direct investments under this measure shall apply the modern methods of production. The consequence of this is to increase the quality of our products and services. Furthermore, both small and medium-sized enterprises have introduced new products and services. Investments were carried out, thus enabling better work organization in enterprises. Entrepreneurs would guarantee higher quality of service, which would result in better relationships with their customers, what is more, noting the rise in number of clients. More than half of the companies indicated that the investments contributed to the increase in market share. Same thing as for market reach and brand recognition of particular company. An interesting finding is that, investments in small enterprises were more effective than medium-sized enterprises. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitiveness" title="competitiveness">competitiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EU%20funds" title=" EU funds"> EU funds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20and%20medium-sized%20enterprises" title=" small and medium-sized enterprises"> small and medium-sized enterprises</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39293/efficiency-of-investments-financed-from-eu-funds-in-small-and-medium-enterprises-in-poland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16473</span> Diversification of Rice-Based Cropping Systems under Irrigated Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20Nanher">A. H. Nanher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20P.%20Singh"> N. P. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In India, Agriculture is largely in rice- based cropping system. It has indicated decline in factor productivity along with emergence of multi - nutrient deficiency, buildup of soil pathogen and weed flora because it operates and removes nutrients from the same rooting depth. In designing alternative cropping systems, the common approaches are crop intensification, crop diversification and cultivar options. The intensification leads to the diversification of the cropping system. Intensification is achieved by introducing an additional component crop in a pre-dominant sequential system by desirable adjustments in cultivars of one or all the component crops. Invariably, this results in higher land use efficiency and productivity per unit time Crop Diversification through such crop and inclusion of fodder crops help to improve the economic situation of small and marginal farmers because of higher income. Inclusion of crops in sequential and intercropping systems reduces some obnoxious weeds through formation of canopies due to competitive planting pattern and thus provides an opportunity to utilize cropping systems as a tool of weed management with non-chemical means. Use of organic source not only acts as supplement for fertilizer (nitrogen) but also improve the physico-chemical properties of soils. Production and use of nitrogen rich biomass offer better prospect for supplementing chemical fertilizers on regular basis. Such biological diversity brings yield and economic stability because of its potential for compensation among components of the system. In a particular agro-climatic and resource condition, the identification of most suitable crop sequence is based on its productivity, stability, land use efficiency as well as production efficiency and its performance is chiefly judged in terms of productivity and net return. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20farming%20systems" title="integrated farming systems">integrated farming systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20intensification" title=" sustainable intensification"> sustainable intensification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20of%20crop%20intensification" title=" system of crop intensification"> system of crop intensification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheat" title=" wheat"> wheat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23291/diversification-of-rice-based-cropping-systems-under-irrigated-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16472</span> Public Economic Efficiency and Case-Based Reasoning: A Theoretical Framework to Police Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javier%20Parra-Dom%C3%ADnguez">Javier Parra-Domínguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Manuel%20Corchado"> Juan Manuel Corchado</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At present, public efficiency is a concept that intends to maximize return on public investment focus on minimizing the use of resources and maximizing the outputs. The concept takes into account statistical criteria drawn up according to techniques such as DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis). The purpose of the current work is to consider, more precisely, the theoretical application of CBR (Case-Based Reasoning) from economics and computer science, as a preliminary step to improving the efficiency of law enforcement agencies (public sector). With the aim of increasing the efficiency of the public sector, we have entered into a phase whose main objective is the implementation of new technologies. Our main conclusion is that the application of computer techniques, such as CBR, has become key to the efficiency of the public sector, which continues to require economic valuation based on methodologies such as DEA. As a theoretical result and conclusion, the incorporation of CBR systems will reduce the number of inputs and increase, theoretically, the number of outputs generated based on previous computer knowledge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case-based%20reasoning" title="case-based reasoning">case-based reasoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=police" title=" police"> police</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20efficiency" title=" public efficiency"> public efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111297/public-economic-efficiency-and-case-based-reasoning-a-theoretical-framework-to-police-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16471</span> Carbonaceous Monolithic Multi-Channel Denuders as a Gas-Particle Partitioning Tool for the Occupational Sampling of Aerosols from Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vesta%20Kohlmeier">Vesta Kohlmeier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20C.%20Dragan"> George C. Dragan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juergen%20Orasche"> Juergen Orasche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juergen%20Schnelle-Kreis"> Juergen Schnelle-Kreis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dietmar%20Breuer"> Dietmar Breuer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ralf%20Zimmermann"> Ralf Zimmermann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aerosols from hazardous semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) may occur in workplace air and can simultaneously be found as particle and gas phase. For health risk assessment, it is necessary to collect particles and gases separately. This can be achieved by using a denuder for the gas phase collection, combined with a filter and an adsorber for particle collection. The study focused on the suitability of carbonaceous monolithic multi-channel denuders, so-called Novacarb™-Denuders (MastCarbon International Ltd., Guilford, UK), to achieve gas-particle separation. Particle transmission efficiency experiments were performed with polystyrene latex (PSL) particles (size range 0.51-3 µm), while the time dependent gas phase collection efficiency was analysed for polar and nonpolar SVOC (mass concentrations 7-10 mg/m3) over 2 h at 5 or 10 l/min. The experimental gas phase collection efficiency was also compared with theoretical predictions. For n-hexadecane (C16), the gas phase collection efficiency was max. 91 % for one denuder and max. 98 % for two denuders, while for diethylene glycol (DEG), a maximal gas phase collection efficiency of 93 % for one denuder and 97 % for two denuders was observed. At 5 l/min higher gas phase collection efficiencies were achieved than at 10 l/min. The deviations between the theoretical and experimental gas phase collection efficiencies were up to 5 % for C16 and 23 % for DEG. Since the theoretical efficiency depends on the geometric shape and length of the denuder, flow rate and diffusion coefficients of the tested substances, the obtained values define an upper limit which could be reached. Regarding the particle transmission through the denuders, the use of one denuder showed transmission efficiencies around 98 % for 1-3 µm particle diameters. The use of three denuders resulted in transmission efficiencies from 93-97 % for the same particle sizes. In summary, NovaCarb™-Denuders are well applicable for sampling aerosols of polar/nonpolar substances with particle diameters ≤3 µm and flow rates of 5 l/min or lower. These properties and their compact size make them suitable for use in personal aerosol samplers. This work is supported by the German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV), research contract FP371. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20phase%20collection%20efficiency" title="gas phase collection efficiency">gas phase collection efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20transmission" title=" particle transmission"> particle transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20aerosol%20sampler" title=" personal aerosol sampler"> personal aerosol sampler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVOC" title=" SVOC"> SVOC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86966/carbonaceous-monolithic-multi-channel-denuders-as-a-gas-particle-partitioning-tool-for-the-occupational-sampling-of-aerosols-from-semi-volatile-organic-compounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86966.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16470</span> Improving Operational Excellence Adopting TPM Practices in an Indian Automobile Industry: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pardeep%20Gupta">Pardeep Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to present a case study on TPM implementation methodology and to highlight the benefits achieved after TPM in an engineering industry XYZ Ltd. (name changed) situated in Mohali, Punjab. The improvements in key performance indicators (PQCDSM) after implementing the TPM proved that its implementation helped the company significantly to achieve higher productivity, customer satisfaction, morale, and profits. The manufacturing cost reduced by 30%, overall equipment efficiency increased from 63% in 2010 to 84% after three years and productivity improved by 67%. The Company has won the TPM Excellence Award, Category-A in 2013 and after that continued implementing second phase of TPM. The findings of the study govern that the strategic TPM implementation can significantly contribute for the realization of operational excellence in almost all types of industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20productive%20maintenance" title="total productive maintenance">total productive maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overall%20equipment%20efficiency" title=" overall equipment efficiency"> overall equipment efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20improvement" title=" continuous improvement"> continuous improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing%20excellence" title=" manufacturing excellence"> manufacturing excellence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=availability" title=" availability"> availability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TPM%20initiatives" title=" TPM initiatives"> TPM initiatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30476/improving-operational-excellence-adopting-tpm-practices-in-an-indian-automobile-industry-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16469</span> Energy Efficient Clustering with Reliable and Load-Balanced Multipath Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alamgir%20Naushad">Alamgir Naushad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghulam%20Abbas"> Ghulam Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehzad%20Ali%20Shah"> Shehzad Ali Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziaul%20Haq%20Abbas"> Ziaul Haq Abbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unlike conventional networks, it is particularly challenging to manage resources efficiently in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) due to their inherent characteristics, such as dynamic network topology and limited bandwidth and battery power. To ensure energy efficiency, this paper presents a routing protocol for WSNs, namely, Enhanced Hybrid Multipath Routing (EHMR), which employs hierarchical clustering and proposes a next hop selection mechanism between nodes according to a maximum residual energy metric together with a minimum hop count. Load-balancing of data traffic over multiple paths is achieved for a better packet delivery ratio and low latency rate. Reliability is ensured in terms of higher data rate and lower end-to-end delay. EHMR also enhances the fast-failure recovery mechanism to recover a failed path. Simulation results demonstrate that EHMR achieves a higher packet delivery ratio, reduced energy consumption per-packet delivery, lower end-to-end latency, and reduced effect of data rate on packet delivery ratio when compared with eminent WSN routing protocols. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title="energy efficiency">energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load-balancing" title=" load-balancing"> load-balancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20clustering" title=" hierarchical clustering"> hierarchical clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multipath%20routing" title=" multipath routing"> multipath routing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks" title=" wireless sensor networks"> wireless sensor networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169528/energy-efficient-clustering-with-reliable-and-load-balanced-multipath-routing-for-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20efficiency&page=5" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20efficiency&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20efficiency&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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