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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Kjv_bible_rl.jpg/220px-Kjv_bible_rl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Kjv_bible_rl.jpg/330px-Kjv_bible_rl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Kjv_bible_rl.jpg/440px-Kjv_bible_rl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption>A page from a red-letter edition</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Red letter edition <a href="/wiki/Bibles" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibles">bibles</a></b> are those in which the words considered as being spoken by <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> are printed in red ink. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_letter_edition&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prologus_Ioanni_-_Vulgata_Clementina_(Verlag_Friedrich_Pustet,_1922,_p._197).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Prologus_Ioanni_-_Vulgata_Clementina_%28Verlag_Friedrich_Pustet%2C_1922%2C_p._197%29.jpg/220px-Prologus_Ioanni_-_Vulgata_Clementina_%28Verlag_Friedrich_Pustet%2C_1922%2C_p._197%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Prologus_Ioanni_-_Vulgata_Clementina_%28Verlag_Friedrich_Pustet%2C_1922%2C_p._197%29.jpg/330px-Prologus_Ioanni_-_Vulgata_Clementina_%28Verlag_Friedrich_Pustet%2C_1922%2C_p._197%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Prologus_Ioanni_-_Vulgata_Clementina_%28Verlag_Friedrich_Pustet%2C_1922%2C_p._197%29.jpg/440px-Prologus_Ioanni_-_Vulgata_Clementina_%28Verlag_Friedrich_Pustet%2C_1922%2C_p._197%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>A page from a non-redletter edition</figcaption></figure> <p>The inspiration for printing the words of Jesus in red comes from <a href="/wiki/Luke_22" title="Luke 22">Luke 22:20</a>: "This cup is the new testament in my blood, which I shed for you." On 19 June 1899, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Klopsch" title="Louis Klopsch">Louis Klopsch</a>, then editor of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="The Christian Herald">The Christian Herald</a></i> magazine, conceived the idea while working on an editorial. Klopsch asked his mentor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_De_Witt_Talmage" title="Thomas De Witt Talmage">Rev. Thomas De Witt Talmage</a> what he thought of a New Testament with the words of Jesus in red and Dr. Talmage replied, "It could do no harm and it most certainly could do much good."<sup id="cite_ref-collectors_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collectors-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Klopsch published the first modern red letter edition New Testament later in 1899. The first modern, fully "red letter" bible was published in 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-crossway_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crossway-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The red letter bible instantly became popular, and is sometimes favored by <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> in the United States. The format has been cited as particularly useful in <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a> editions, which do not use <a href="/wiki/Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark">quotation marks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-collectors_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collectors-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-crossway_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crossway-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Qualifications">Qualifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_letter_edition&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Qualifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because the original texts of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> do not have quotation marks, which words exactly are of Jesus has been interpreted, as opposed to explanatory text that follows them. For example, a footnote in the <a href="/wiki/New_International_Version" title="New International Version">New International Version</a> for <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a>, 3:21 explains that "Some interpreters end the quotation after verse 15."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Precursors">Precursors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_letter_edition&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Precursors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liturgical_codex_Louvre_E10094.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Liturgical_codex_Louvre_E10094.jpg/220px-Liturgical_codex_Louvre_E10094.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Liturgical_codex_Louvre_E10094.jpg/330px-Liturgical_codex_Louvre_E10094.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Liturgical_codex_Louvre_E10094.jpg/440px-Liturgical_codex_Louvre_E10094.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3430" data-file-height="1715" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ani_chap17part2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ani_chap17part2.jpg/220px-Ani_chap17part2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ani_chap17part2.jpg/330px-Ani_chap17part2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ani_chap17part2.jpg/440px-Ani_chap17part2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Deir_Alla_Inscription" class="mw-redirect" title="Deir Alla Inscription">Deir Alla Inscription</a>, the oldest alphabetic West Semitic epigraph, uses red for emphasis. Levine says red was "used in certain parts of the inscriptions for magical effect."<sup id="cite_ref-Levine2014_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levine2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It could be an indicator for a different type or source of communication in the writing; authors have various ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-Hackett_1986_pp._216–222_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hackett_1986_pp._216–222-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same technique was used <a href="/wiki/Kuntillet_Ajrud_inscriptions" title="Kuntillet Ajrud inscriptions">Kuntillet Ajrud inscriptions</a>, the earlier still <a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a>, and others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_letter_edition&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red-Letter_Christians" title="Red-Letter Christians">Red-Letter Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRG_Bible" title="BRG Bible">BRG Bible</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_letter_edition&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-collectors-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-collectors_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-collectors_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEng" class="citation web cs1">Eng, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblecollectors.org/articles/red_letter_bible.htm">"The Story Behind: Red Letter Bible Editions"</a>. International Society of Bible Collectors<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Story+Behind%3A+Red+Letter+Bible+Editions&rft.pub=International+Society+of+Bible+Collectors&rft.aulast=Eng&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblecollectors.org%2Farticles%2Fred_letter_bible.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+letter+edition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crossway-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crossway_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crossway_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esv.org/blog/2006/03/red-letter-origin/">"Origin of Red-Letter Bibles | Crossway"</a>. Esv.org. 1994-06-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origin+of+Red-Letter+Bibles+%26%23124%3B+Crossway&rft.pub=Esv.org&rft.date=1994-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esv.org%2Fblog%2F2006%2F03%2Fred-letter-origin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+letter+edition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 International Bible Society.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levine2014-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Levine2014_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevine2014" class="citation journal cs1">Levine, Baruch A. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/601759">"The Deir Calla Plaster Inscriptions"</a>. <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i>. <b>101</b> (2). American Oriental Society: 195–205.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=The+Deir+Calla+Plaster+Inscriptions&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=195-205&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Baruch+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F601759&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+letter+edition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hackett_1986_pp._216–222-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hackett_1986_pp._216–222_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackett1986" class="citation journal cs1">Hackett, Jo Ann (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/3210015">"Some Observations on the Balaam Tradition at DeircAllā"</a>. <i>The Biblical Archaeologist</i>. <b>49</b> (4). The American Schools of Oriental Research: 216–222. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-0895">0006-0895</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3210015">3210015</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biblical+Archaeologist&rft.atitle=Some+Observations+on+the+Balaam+Tradition+at+DeircAll%C4%81&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=216-222&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3210015%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=00060895&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=Jo+Ann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3210015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+letter+edition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sidebar, Henry O Thompson, page 216</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_letter_edition&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ : (Authorized Version) with all the words recorded therein, as having been spoken by our Lord, printed in color.</i>, New York : Christian Herald, Louis Klopsch, Proprietor : Bible House, 1903, ©1899.</li> <li><i>Life-work of Louis Klopsch : romance of a modern knight of mercy</i>, Charles M Pepper, New York : Christian herald, 1910.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_letter_edition&oldid=1259544999">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_letter_edition&oldid=1259544999</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible_versions_and_translations" title="Category:Bible versions and translations">Bible versions and translations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_terminology" title="Category:Christian terminology">Christian terminology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 November 2024, at 19:18<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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