CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><meta charset="utf-8" data-next-head/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" data-next-head/><meta name="X-UA-Compatible" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" data-next-head/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63027645/chimpanzee-culture/" data-next-head/><meta name="msapplication-tap-highlight" content="no" data-next-head/><title data-next-head>A Genetic Time Machine Is Responsible for Chimps Evolving Like Humans</title><meta name="title" content="A Genetic Time Machine Is Responsible for Chimps Evolving Like Humans" data-next-head/><meta name="description" content="Scientists piece together genetic links between chimpanzee groups over thousands of years and discovered a surprisingly complex connection." data-next-head/><meta name="keywords" content="news" data-next-head/><meta name="theme-color" content="#000000" data-next-head/><link href="/_assets/design-tokens/popularmechanics/static/images/favicon.ee0d102.ico" rel="icon" data-next-head/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Popular Mechanics" data-next-head/><meta name="fb:app_id" content="218456798186610" property="fb:app_id" data-next-head/><meta name="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/popularmechanics" property="article:publisher" data-next-head/><meta name="google-site-verification" content="98saqo61zkfl_yfZaXKLgLkazlZwpUcMCkqCFEO-O18" data-next-head/><meta property="og:title" content="A Genetic Time Machine Is Responsible for Chimps Evolving Like Humans" data-next-head/><meta property="og:description" content="Scientists piece together genetic links between chimpanzee groups over thousands of years and discovered a surprisingly complex connection." data-next-head/><meta name="parsely-metadata" content="{&quot;socialHeadline&quot;:&quot;A Genetic Time Machine Is Responsible for Chimps Evolving Like Humans&quot;}" data-next-head/><meta name="robots" content="noarchive,noai,noimageai,max-image-preview:large,max-snippet:-1,max-video-preview:30" data-next-head/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/_assets/design-tokens/popularmechanics/static/images/apple-touch-icon.5d5fa0d.png" data-next-head/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Popular Mechanics - Science" href="/rss/science.xml" data-next-head/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Popular Mechanics" href="/rss/all.xml" data-next-head/><meta property="og:image" content="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg?crop=1xw:0.74982xh;center,top&amp;resize=1200:*" data-next-head/><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" data-next-head/><meta property="og:image:height" content="600" data-next-head/><meta name="thumbnail" content="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg?crop=0.66682xw:1xh;center,top&amp;resize=320:*" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.image.full" content="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg?crop=1xw:0.74982xh;center,top&amp;resize=320:*" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.image.thumb" content="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg?crop=0.66682xw:1xh;center,top" data-next-head/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg?crop=1xw:0.74982xh;center,top&amp;resize=640:*" data-next-head/><meta content="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63027645/chimpanzee-culture/" property="og:url" data-next-head/><meta name="auto-publish" content="timely" data-next-head/><meta property="og:type" content="article" data-next-head/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" data-next-head/><meta name="article:opinion" property="article:opinion" content="false" data-next-head/><meta content="Animals" property="article:section" data-next-head/><meta content="2024-12-03T13:00:00Z" property="article:modified_time" data-next-head/><meta content="2024-12-03T13:00:00Z" property="article:published_time" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.excerpt" content="Humans are known for their ability to create sophisticated cultures, but chimpanzees display some of the same ability as well.A new study from the University of Zurich uses markers of genetic similarity, or what they call a “genetic time machine,” to analyze chimpanzee populations and tool-use culture over thousands of" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.tags" content="science,Science,animals,Animals,Popular Mechanics-US" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.date" content="2024-12-03 13:00:00" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.socialtitle" content="A Genetic Time Machine Is Responsible for Chimps Evolving Like Humans" data-next-head/><meta name="sailthru.contenttype" content="standard-article" data-next-head/><meta id="m1" name="m1" itemprop="cssSelector " content=".content-hed" data-next-head/><meta id="m2" name="m2" itemprop="cssSelector" content=".content-dek p" data-next-head/><link href="/" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SpeakableSpecification" itemref="m1 m2" data-next-head/><script id="settings" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">window.__FRE={env:"production",ver:"0.12.306",cdn:true},window.__SITE={brand:"popularmechanics",domain:"https://www.popularmechanics.com",dk:"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucG9wdWxhcm1lY2hhbmljcy5jb::20=",force_www:true,id:"a4f9566a-1fd0-484c-b731-150b9bda9ffa",locale:"en-us",locale_path:"",trailing_slash:true,assetPrefix:"/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm"},Object.defineProperties(window,{ADSFREE:{value:false,writable:!1},GDPR:{value:false,writable:!1}});</script><script id="device-detect" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">(()=>{const o="ontouchstart"in window||!!navigator.maxTouchPoints||window.location.search.includes("__touch"),t=window.matchMedia("only screen and (max-width: 767px)").matches,n=o&&t,i=o&&!t,e=[n?"mobile":"no-mobile",i?"tablet":"no-tablet",o?"touch":"no-touch"];window.touch=o,window.tablet=i,window.mobile=n,window.desktop=!(n||i),document.documentElement.classList.add(...e)})();</script><script id="journey-info" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">(()=>{if(window.JOURNEY_INFO)return;const e=new RegExp(["Publication-Access-for-Facebook","adwallet"].join("|"),"i").test(navigator.userAgent);window.JOURNEY_INFO={status:"pending",isBot:e};const i=Number.parseInt("null",10);Number.isNaN(i)||(window.JOURNEY_INFO.previewBlockerSlidePosition=i)})();</script><script id="lux" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">LUX=(function(){const a=(typeof(LUX)!=="undefined"&&typeof(LUX.gaMarks)!=="undefined"?LUX.gaMarks:[]);const d=(typeof(LUX)!=="undefined"&&typeof(LUX.gaMeasures)!=="undefined"?LUX.gaMeasures:[]);const j="LUX_start";const k=window.performance;let l=(typeof(LUX)!=="undefined"&&LUX.ns?LUX.ns:(Date.now?Date.now():+(new Date())));if(k&&k.timing&&k.timing.navigationStart){l=k.timing.navigationStart}function f(){if(k&&k.now){return k.now()}const o=Date.now?Date.now():+(new Date());return o-l}function b(n){if(k){if(k.mark){return k.mark(n)}if(k.webkitMark){return k.webkitMark(n)}}a.push({name:n,entryType:"mark",startTime:f(),duration:0});}function m(p,t,n){if(typeof(t)==="undefined"&&h(j)){t=j}if(k){if(k.measure){if(t){if(n){return k.measure(p,t,n)}return k.measure(p,t)}return k.measure(p)}if(k.webkitMeasure){return k.webkitMeasure(p,t,n)}}let r=0; let o=f();if(t){const s=h(t);if(s){r=s.startTime}else if(k&&k.timing&&k.timing[t]){r=k.timing[t]-k.timing.navigationStart}else{return}}if(n){const q=h(n);if(q){o=q.startTime}else if(k&&k.timing&&k.timing[n]){o=k.timing[n]-k.timing.navigationStart}else{return}}d.push({name:p,entryType:"measure",startTime:r,duration:(o-r)});}function h(n){return c(n,g())}function c(p,o){for(i=o.length-1;i>=0;i--){const n=o[i];if(p===n.name){return n}}return undefined}function g(){if(k){if(k.getEntriesByType){return k.getEntriesByType("mark")}if(k.webkitGetEntriesByType){return k.webkitGetEntriesByType("mark")}}return a}return{mark:b,measure:m,gaMarks:a,gaMeasures:d}})();LUX.ns=(Date.now?Date.now():+(new Date()));LUX.ac=[];LUX.cmd=function(a){LUX.ac.push(a)};LUX.init=function(){LUX.cmd(["init"])};LUX.send=function(){LUX.cmd(["send"])};LUX.addData=function(a,b){LUX.cmd(["addData",a,b])};LUX_ae=[];window.addEventListener("error",function(a){LUX_ae.push(a)});LUX_al=[];if(typeof(PerformanceObserver)==="function"&&typeof(PerformanceLongTaskTiming)==="function"){const LongTaskObserver=new PerformanceObserver(function(c){const b=c.getEntries();for(let a=0;a<b.length;a++){const d=b[a];LUX_al.push(d)}});try{LongTaskObserver.observe({type:["longtask"]})}catch(e){}};LUX.label = "standard-article";</script><noscript data-n-css></noscript><script defer noModule src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-42372ed130431b0a.js"></script><script id="onetrust-script" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" async fetchpriority="high" data-domain-script="4a26cfdb-2c0c-40f8-972f-558d4bebc170" data-document-language="true" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script id="moapt-data-bundle" src="/_assets/moapt/2.288.0/moapt-data.js" async fetchpriority="high" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script id="moapt-bundle" src="/_assets/moapt/2.288.0/moapt-bundle-hdm.js" async fetchpriority="high" data-nscript="beforeInteractive"></script><script defer src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/13231.3946a34ddc9fbeb4.js"></script><script defer src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/85075-9af2dbf2e4494a60.js"></script><script defer src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/85347.0f8d30b1a92628a0.js"></script><script defer src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/46058.8e2c1b5ad064a333.js"></script><script defer src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/92688.84321473c32d700b.js"></script><script defer src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/69194.53a828a6ae8b3a38.js"></script><script defer src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/22653.24a02563746b33a2.js"></script><script defer src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/29322.836d4465ac39460f.js"></script><script defer src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/31666.cc41a0856e43e762.js"></script><script defer src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/10020.8d4198caeba44148.js"></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/webpack-0746f5c1cab6cc29.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/framework-3ddea80a1f96b967.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/main-9b65d2db7cfa5f9d.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-8cfd80b4b64316df.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/6cdc23c4-d5cadb57117f619b.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/97610-1f91e4881aef4c48.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/14974-81b88e744fcc9470.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/34119-0aadf81a7aed5d67.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/96752-84390f83bbd17c44.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/43613-02329611bc0e669b.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/72278-17faa4a6d650f8e6.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/8256-1d22698f4e0dd2d5.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/95309-679e1c47068d50b2.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/4480-2478d9aa1c3bb2d9.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/2865-27aec46e7406efdd.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/4155-aa774d491c59ce4a.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/55469-1797dbc9e75aa9ec.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/74170-d5cdd5244b4b1d2d.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/403-635d1af984abf71b.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/49009-84fdfe552f873067.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/57389-ef09c250f62ca1c9.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/83466-74705265adfbbce7.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/24382-7a3f7d7d52269611.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/33832-87da7ec1f38bc5b6.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/78555-1a381649bbe0ca6d.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/6341-ef0234b6e3363bd2.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/10332-480e7ca6d9134e1b.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/58728-90f8a350219ac368.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/93853-ddc43d173706a1a6.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/18293-fb373aa27a41992f.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/71676-a73f0a6be74dc455.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/54547-707b0f8078c57dd0.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/68438-b92156d81fcd7653.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/13593-c0573f0434d41582.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/59193-474a8d559f657b68.js" defer></script><script src="/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/chunks/pages/_templates/standard-article-e27202f603c85e01.js" defer></script><link rel="preload" href="/_assets/design-tokens/popularmechanics/static/fonts/SimplonMono-Regular-WebXL.f370f34.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/api/styles.css?id=6c7a3c6d-827f-4f5e-a1bf-ed2289fe71ce&amp;type=content&amp;slugs=article" media="none" onLoad="media='all'"/><style type="text/css" id="deferred-fonts" media="none">@font-face {font-family: 'FreightSansW01'; src: url('/_assets/design-tokens/popularmechanics/static/fonts/84efe8b8-d2b9-464c-93b4-1237a3cb52c3.3793281.woff2') format('woff2'); font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-display: fallback;} @font-face {font-family: 'Inter'; src: url('/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/fonts/inter-v3-latin-regular.c8ad008.woff2') format('woff2'); font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-display: fallback;} @font-face {font-family: 'UnitedSans'; src: url('/_assets/design-tokens/popularmechanics/static/fonts/UnitedSansCdBk.cde089b.woff2') format('woff2'); font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-display: fallback;} @font-face {font-family: 'Charter'; src: url('/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/fonts/74c2aebb-af4a-4c7d-a7f5-2db2c73334eb.c4cafa4.woff2') format('woff2'); font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-display: fallback;} @font-face {font-family: 'Charter'; src: url('/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/fonts/e4fc2e26-0ce1-4e6c-bb35-330c133f041c.c08ce2c.woff2') format('woff2'); font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-display: fallback;} @font-face {font-family: 'Charter'; src: url('/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/fonts/e38fddd1-89a4-4995-9f7f-3c701b2e62f1.dd7387f.woff2') format('woff2'); font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-display: fallback;} @font-face {font-family: 'Placard'; src: url('/_assets/design-tokens/popularmechanics/static/fonts/a8279a17-0be8-479f-b2b7-0b2adea89858.c99c3e4.woff2') format('woff2'); font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-display: fallback;} </style><script id="json-ld" type="application/ld+json">{"@type":"NewsArticle","thumbnailUrl":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg?crop=0.66682xw:1xh;center,top&resize=100:*","datePublished":"2024-12-03T13:00:07.244160Z","headline":"A Genetic Time Machine Is Responsible for Chimps Evolving Like Humans","articleBody":"Humans are known for their ability to create sophisticated cultures, but chimpanzees display some of the same ability as well.A new study from the University of Zurich uses markers of genetic similarity, or what they call a “genetic time machine,” to analyze chimpanzee populations and tool-use culture over thousands of years. They discovered that migrating females often introduced cultural advancements into a new population, which then improved on the advancement to produce complex tool use.Culture is a concept often associated with the smartest Great Ape of them all (us humans), but this idea isn’t exclusive to the eight billion members of the species. Many other animals, including primates, exhibit various cultures within their distinctive populations. For chimpanzees—humanity’s closest cousin along with bonobos—this culture manifests in the myriad ways these apes manipulate tools. Some of these tools are relatively simple, such as using leaves to sponge up water from a tree hole, while others rely on a whole set of tools to accomplish complicated tasks. Because of humanity’s ability to build on knowledge over time, our species has developed immensely diverse cultures, but studies of chimps in the wild shows that this incredible skill isn’t exclusive to humans. A new study from scientists at the University of Zurich (UZH) analyzed markers of genetic similarity, as well as foraging habits, across 35 disparate chimpanzee study sites. Using what they call a “genetic time machine” linking chimpanzee populations over thousands of years, they found that complex tool use could be found in even distant populations. The results of the study were published in the journal Science. “As an example of such a toolset, chimpanzees in the Congo region first use a strong stick to dig a deep tunnel through hard soil to reach an underground termite nest,” UZH’s Cassandra Gunasekaram, lead author of the study, said in a press statement. “Next, they make a ‘fishing’ probe by pulling a long plant stem through their teeth to form a brush-like tip, pressing it into a point and deftly threading it down the tunnel they’ve made. They then pull it out and nibble off any defending termites that have bitten into it.”Gunasekaram and her team organized behaviors into three groups: no tools, simple tools, and complex tools such as the fishing probe. In chimpanzee communities, sexually maturing females leave their social groups to find another community, an evolutionary trait that helps avoid inbreeding. Apart from adding diverse genes to a new community, the study found that female chimpanzees also provided advancements in culture when they arrived in their new communities. “We made the surprising discovery that it is the most complex chimpanzee technologies – the use of entire ‘toolsets’ – that are most strongly linked across now distant populations,” UZH evolutionary anthropologist Andrea Migliano, a co-author of the study, said in a press statement. “This is exactly what would be predicted if these more advanced technologies were rarely invented and even less likely to be reinvented, and therefore more likely to have been transmitted between groups.”The researchers suggest that developing this cultural complexity likely took place in steps, first with transmission between populations via female migrations and then implementing incremental changes until repurposing technologies altogether. Because this kind of cumulative culture is a feature of hominids broadly, researching this phenomenon in the context of one of humanity’s closest living relatives could give insight into the lives of past human ancestors as well as our current cousins. ","wordCount":572,"articleSection":"Science","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","height":1200,"thumbnail":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg?crop=0.66682xw:1xh;center,top&resize=100:*","url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg?crop=0.66682xw:1xh;center,top&resize=1200:*","width":1200},{"@type":"ImageObject","height":900,"thumbnail":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg?crop=0.66682xw:1xh;center,top&resize=100:*","url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg?crop=0.8891xw:1xh;center,top&resize=1200:*","width":1200},{"@type":"ImageObject","height":675,"thumbnail":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg?crop=0.66682xw:1xh;center,top&resize=100:*","url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg?crop=1xw:0.84355xh;center,top&resize=1200:*","width":1200}],"mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63027645/chimpanzee-culture/","@type":"WebPage"},"publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"Popular Mechanics","sameAs":["https://x.com/PopMech","https://www.tiktok.com/@popularmechanics","https://www.youtube.com/c/popularmechanics","https://www.facebook.com/popularmechanics","https://www.instagram.com/popularmechanics/","https://www.pinterest.com/popmech/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Mechanics"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/_assets/design-tokens/popularmechanics/static/images/logos/logo-jsonld.2362803.png","width":312,"height":60},"address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","postalCode":"10019","addressRegion":"NY","streetAddress":"300 W 57th Street","addressCountry":"US","addressLocality":"New York"},"publishingPrinciples":"https://popularmechanics.com/about/a45/about-us/","parentOrganization":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"Hearst Corporation","url":"https://www.hearst.com/magazines","sameAs":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearst_Magazines","https://www.instagram.com/hearstmagazines/","https://www.linkedin.com/company/hearst-magazines/posts/"],"address":{"postalCode":"10019","addressRegion":"NY","streetAddress":"300 W 57th Street","addressCountry":"US","addressLocality":"New York"}}},"keywords":["content-type: News","locale: US","displayType: standard article","shortTitle: Chimpanzee Culture Is More Complex Than We Thought"],"url":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63027645/chimpanzee-culture/","isBasedOn":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63027645/chimpanzee-culture/","isAccessibleForFree":"False","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":"False","cssSelector":".content-container"}],"description":"Scientists piece together genetic links between chimpanzee groups over thousands of years and discovered a surprisingly complex connection.","author":{"name":"Darren Orf","url":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/author/2793/darren-orf/","@type":"Person","description":"<p>Darren lives in Portland, has a cat, and writes/edits about sci-fi and how our world works. You can find his previous stuff at Gizmodo and Paste if you look hard enough.&nbsp;</p>","jobTitle":"Contributing Editor","image":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/rover/profile_photos/e9b7a87b-359a-4fff-859b-ab9cf5e31c5b_1565789938.file","sameAs":["www.twitter.com/darrenthewalrus"]},"@context":"http://schema.org"}</script><style data-emotion="css-global ploijv">.embed{clear:both;}@media (min-width: 90rem){.embed:not(.align-center):not([data-embed]="body-image"){clear:none;}}</style><style data-emotion="css-global qn3u11">body{--nav-height:111px;--mobile-sticky-header-height:111px;}</style><style data-emotion="css-global animation-fhr88u">@-webkit-keyframes animation-fhr88u{from{width:0;opacity:0;}to{width:20rem;opacity:1;}}@keyframes animation-fhr88u{from{width:0;opacity:0;}to{width:20rem;opacity:1;}}</style><style data-emotion="css-global ylih7p">:root{--hds-colors-primary:#1c6a65;--hds-colors-red:#AA0703;--hds-colors-globalColorError:var(--colors.red);--hds-colors-error:var(--colors-globalColorError);--hds-colors-white:#ffffff;--hds-colors-black:#000000;--hds-colors-neutral-50:#FAFAFA;--hds-colors-neutral-100:#F5F5F5;--hds-colors-neutral-200:#E5E5E5;--hds-colors-neutral-300:#D4D4D4;--hds-colors-neutral-400:#A3A3A3;--hds-colors-neutral-500:#737373;--hds-colors-neutral-600:#525252;--hds-colors-neutral-700:#404040;--hds-colors-neutral-800:#262626;--hds-colors-neutral-900:#171717;--hds-colors-neutral-950:#0A0A0A;--hds-sizes-primitive-1:0.0625rem;--hds-sizes-primitive-4:0.25rem;--hds-sizes-primitive-8:0.5rem;--hds-sizes-primitive-14:0.875rem;--hds-space-xxxs:0.25rem;--hds-space-xxs:0.3125rem;--hds-fonts-primary:FreightSansW01,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;--hds-lineheight-md:1.3;--hds-color-error:var(--hds-colors-error);--hds-color-white:var(--hds-colors-white);--hds-color-black:var(--hds-colors-black);--hds-color-error:var(--hds-colors-error);--hds-color-accent:var(--hds-colors-primary);--hds-color-neutral-50:var(--hds-colors-neutral-50);--hds-color-neutral-100:var(--hds-colors-neutral-100);--hds-color-neutral-200:var(--hds-colors-neutral-200);--hds-color-neutral-300:var(--hds-colors-neutral-300);--hds-color-neutral-400:var(--hds-colors-neutral-400);--hds-color-neutral-500:var(--hds-colors-neutral-500);--hds-color-neutral-600:var(--hds-colors-neutral-600);--hds-color-neutral-700:var(--hds-colors-neutral-700);--hds-color-neutral-800:var(--hds-colors-neutral-800);--hds-color-neutral-900:var(--hds-colors-neutral-900);--hds-color-neutral-950:var(--hds-colors-neutral-950);--hds-color-knockout:var(--hds-color-white);--hds-color-grey-dark:var(--hds-color-neutral-500);--hds-color-grey:var(--hds-color-neutral-300);--hds-color-grey-light:var(--hds-color-neutral-100);--hds-input-color-text:var(--hds-color-black);--hds-button-color-background-outlined-accent-disabled:var(--hds-color-knockout);--hds-button-color-background-outlined-accent-default:var(--hds-color-knockout);--hds-button-color-background-outlined-accent-hover:var(--hds-color-knockout);--hds-button-color-background-transparent-accent-default:transparent;--hds-button-color-background-transparent-accent-disabled:transparent;--hds-button-color-background-transparent-accent-hover:var(--hds-color-grey-light);--hds-button-color-background-default-accent-default:var(--hds-color-accent);--hds-button-color-background-default-accent-disabled:var(--hds-color-grey);--hds-button-color-background-default-accent-hover:var(--hds-color-accent);--hds-button-color-border-outlined-accent-default:var(--hds-color-accent);--hds-button-color-border-outlined-accent-disabled:var(--hds-color-grey);--hds-button-color-border-default-accent-default:transparent;--hds-button-color-border-default-accent-disabled:transparent;--hds-button-color-border-transparent-accent-default:transparent;--hds-button-color-border-transparent-accent-disabled:transparent;--hds-button-color-border-transparent-width:var(--hds-border-width-thin);--hds-button-color-border-default-width:var(--hds-border-width-thin);--hds-button-color-border-outlined-width:var(--hds-border-width-thin);--hds-button-color-icon-transparent-accent-default:var(--hds-color-accent);--hds-button-color-icon-transparent-accent-disabled:var(--hds-color-grey);--hds-button-color-icon-outlined-accent-disabled:var(--hds-color-grey);--hds-button-color-icon-outlined-accent-default:var(--hds-color-accent);--hds-button-color-icon-default-accent-default:var(--hds-color-knockout);--hds-button-color-icon-default-accent-disabled:var(--hds-color-grey);--hds-input-color-border-error:var(--hds-color-error);--hds-size-primitive-1:var(--hds-sizes-primitive-1);--hds-size-primitive-4:var(--hds-sizes-primitive-4);--hds-size-primitive-8:var(--hds-sizes-primitive-8);--hds-border-width-thin:var(--hds-size-primitive-1);--hds-input-size-xs:var(--hds-size-primitive-8);--hds-input-space-xs:var(--hds-size-primitive-8);--hds-input-gap-xs:var(--hds-size-primitive-4);--hds-input-shape-none:0px;--hds-input-color-background-default:var(--hds-color-knockout);--hds-input-color-text-disabled:var(--hds-color-grey-dark);--hds-input-color-background-disabled:var(--hds-color-grey-light);--hds-input-color-text-placeholder:var(--hds-color-neutral-800);--hds-input-message-color-text:var(--hds-color-grey-dark);--hds-border-color-grey:var(--hds-color-grey);--hds-border-color-grey-dark:var(--hds-color-grey-dark);--hds-border-color-disabled:var(--hds-color-grey);--hds-border-bottom-color:var(--hds-color-neutral-900);--hds-text-color-error:var(--hds-color-error);}</style><style data-emotion="css-global y17bjk">html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;}body{margin:0;}main{display:block;}h1{font-size:2em;margin:0.67em 0;}hr{box-sizing:content-box;height:0;overflow:visible;}pre{font-family:monospace,monospace;font-size:1em;}a{background-color:transparent;}abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration:underline dotted;text-decoration:underline dotted;}b,strong{font-weight:bolder;}code,kbd,samp{font-family:monospace,monospace;font-size:1em;}small{font-size:80%;}sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline;}sub{bottom:-0.25em;}sup{top:-0.5em;}img{border-style:none;}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0;}button,input{overflow:visible;}button,select{text-transform:none;}button,[type='button'],[type='reset'],[type='submit']{-webkit-appearance:button;}button::-moz-focus-inner,[type='button']::-moz-focus-inner,[type='reset']::-moz-focus-inner,[type='submit']::-moz-focus-inner{border-style:none;padding:0;}button:-moz-focusring,[type='button']:-moz-focusring,[type='reset']:-moz-focusring,[type='submit']:-moz-focusring{outline:1px dotted ButtonText;}fieldset{padding:0.35em 0.75em 0.625em;}legend{box-sizing:border-box;color:inherit;display:table;max-width:100%;padding:0;white-space:normal;}progress{vertical-align:baseline;}textarea{overflow:auto;}[type='checkbox'],[type='radio']{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;}[type='number']::-webkit-inner-spin-button,[type='number']::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto;}[type='search']{-webkit-appearance:textfield;outline-offset:-2px;}[type='search']::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none;}::-webkit-file-upload-button{-webkit-appearance:button;font:inherit;}details{display:block;}summary{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-list-item;display:-ms-list-itembox;display:list-item;}template{display:none;}[hidden]{display:none;}*{box-sizing:border-box;}html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-behavior:smooth;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){*{-webkit-animation-duration:0.01ms!important;animation-duration:0.01ms!important;-webkit-animation-iteration-count:1!important;animation-iteration-count:1!important;transition-duration:0.01ms!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important;}}html.no-scroll{overflow:hidden;}html.no-scroll body{overflow:scroll;}html.touch.no-scroll,html.touch body.no-scroll{overflow:hidden;}body{min-height:100vh;min-height:-webkit-fill-available;}a{color:inherit;}a:focus-visible{outline:0.125rem dotted;outline-offset:0.313rem;}button{color:inherit;}img:-moz-loading{color:transparent;}.__resp-container{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.__resp-container:before{content:'';color:transparent;display:block;width:100%;height:0;padding-bottom:var(--aspect-ratio, 100%);}.__resp-container img:not(.video-items-box img):not(.filmstrip-image-wrapper img):not([data-dynamic-svg]):not(.video-player img),.__resp-container video{position:absolute;top:var(--top, 0);left:var(--left, 0);width:var(--width, 100%);min-width:var(--min-width, 100%);height:var(--height, auto);max-height:var(--max-height, 100%);object-fit:var(--object-fit, cover);}.__resp-container .video-player video{object-fit:contain;}.__resp-container .video-player{position:absolute;top:0;}.__resp-container.lqip img[importance=auto]{-webkit-transition:opacity 0.3s linear;transition:opacity 0.3s linear;opacity:0;}.__resp-container.lqip img[importance=auto].lazyloaded{opacity:1;}.screen-reader-only{position:absolute;left:-10000px,width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;border-width:0;}.lqip{-webkit-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;-webkit-background-position:center;background-position:center;}@media print{.no-print{display:none!important;}}</style><style data-emotion="css-global 1m9uxlt">@font-face{font-family:'SimplonMono';src:url('/_assets/design-tokens/popularmechanics/static/fonts/SimplonMono-Regular-WebXL.f370f34.woff2') format('woff2');font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:fallback;}@font-face{font-family:"FreightSansW01-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:95.40%;ascent-override:105.24%;descent-override:29.04%;}@font-face{font-family:"FreightSansW01-local";src:local('Arial');size-adjust:95.69%;ascent-override:104.92%;descent-override:28.95%;}@font-face{font-family:"Inter-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:107.32%;ascent-override:90.27%;descent-override:22.50%;}@font-face{font-family:"Inter-local";src:local('Arial');size-adjust:107.64%;ascent-override:90.00%;descent-override:22.43%;}@font-face{font-family:"FreightSansW01-upcase-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:95.77%;ascent-override:104.83%;descent-override:28.92%;}@font-face{font-family:"FreightSansW01-upcase-local";src:local('Arial');size-adjust:88.74%;ascent-override:113.14%;descent-override:31.22%;}@font-face{font-family:"UnitedSans-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:77.64%;ascent-override:97.89%;descent-override:30.91%;}@font-face{font-family:"UnitedSans-local";src:local('Arial');size-adjust:77.87%;ascent-override:97.60%;descent-override:30.82%;}@font-face{font-family:"SimplonMono-upcase-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:106.91%;ascent-override:81.75%;descent-override:24.51%;}@font-face{font-family:"SimplonMono-upcase-local";src:local('Arial');size-adjust:99.06%;ascent-override:88.23%;descent-override:26.45%;}@font-face{font-family:"Charter-weightbold-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:105.20%;ascent-override:93.53%;descent-override:28.31%;}@font-face{font-family:"Charter-weightbold-local";src:local('Georgia');size-adjust:106.21%;ascent-override:92.64%;descent-override:28.04%;}@font-face{font-family:"Charter-styleitalic-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:94.46%;ascent-override:103.74%;descent-override:30.13%;}@font-face{font-family:"Charter-styleitalic-local";src:local('Georgia');size-adjust:95.37%;ascent-override:102.75%;descent-override:29.85%;}@font-face{font-family:"Charter-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:98.60%;ascent-override:99.39%;descent-override:28.87%;}@font-face{font-family:"Charter-local";src:local('Georgia');size-adjust:99.55%;ascent-override:98.44%;descent-override:28.60%;}@font-face{font-family:"Placard-upcase-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:57.61%;ascent-override:177.39%;descent-override:30.55%;}@font-face{font-family:"Placard-upcase-local";src:local('Arial');size-adjust:53.38%;ascent-override:191.45%;descent-override:32.97%;}@font-face{font-family:"SimplonMono-roboto";src:local('Roboto');size-adjust:132.84%;ascent-override:65.79%;descent-override:19.72%;}@font-face{font-family:"SimplonMono-local";src:local('Arial');size-adjust:133.24%;ascent-override:65.59%;descent-override:19.66%;}</style><style data-emotion="css-global 99heoz">[data-embed]:not(:defined){display:none;}[data-embed]:defined{display:-webkit-var(--data-embed-display, block);display:var(--data-embed-display, block);}</style><style data-emotion="css 147r868 1kkonqv 15v62ch jk5e33 89kcrn hqvv6v xwjhf9 28g8cx 1fqyieb cv3h5u pjjyzu bbrknr sfww4i 14tvk8l 1yhciq3 1joeej0 ysfips 40dj9l 1oe3s6a oaptaw 0 1m67141 tpkp71 1eo7dsn j0tz68 1fkzqk5 vloapc 1ba3ot6 w8pyk9 yykj2s ufbu47 yexo34 mez99v fw03o6 j7qwjs 1da2pr4 1tqs6nx 1ylu0bo 1ah1aoi r2peg6 24rk8n 4j77j3 z6vn14 1cd8suq 1y3x20e rk6tbh oqy6ua 4d6vc7 1cjybzt b0nc2u 1lr08az ig50jk 35qmw7 zxq36b 100k4td 10e6ywj huh8md 1uosn6 bv2wf6 xwje0o hqq2rs flry6y s1p5ii 1v0az23 hdxuqr 108y4ns 13e0tm1 17mvcka 18jz25a iqq7vh 1exgad7 k008qs 1q1kaac 1f8o566 sm2oir 96439d 1oxikel 285vyd tkbvme k40l41 j4k1z9 9b1pbo 18pb4rg auya5i 1kk1geb 1fm2v8u q4cr9k 8lle59 1nufxsc c4s2gi 2t9pp3 1bn7a5e 1l0uuk1 19m4yzp sfzxfp 3mrz81 o0wq4v gorqpr 6uamjy 19mb619 v8io4q 1dsojn8 1pt1ks2 ciejky es6uyf 14vh9p 1sowyjy gr806t 1hxxve0 1ui7hop guxj2g 1d3dqod 19szzr8 ovd4yx 157wciq g939jb izijhn fc4i0y 1mzrkyb eg51ek bnk019 15qxeah 1te3x1x jpd7l1 pztnhl 8psjmo v6ym3h oh4jj4 13eacp6 1objo0p ftsoqv 12yzjn0 1u6xkms s09mqe 3jhp4l adjuoj hjtg88 1delma7 taukg1 h7nhlk iapka3 1njatnj 1xen7u9 1ss7lvu iz4391 u8l08y 6uae8g 70qvj9 n9en60 jmxdxt kzigki 1vc4yu1 15si9rg j307y1 i7117i lqx6q4 r7fsoq 5tjtfu 7h8yxh bgacgs 1wohilq 6bu6ey 1o9hvj 1eul6ev">.css-147r868{visibility:hidden;content-visibility:hidden;background-color:#E5E5E5;color:#000;width:20rem;max-width:20rem;height:100%;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:scroll;position:fixed;top:0rem;z-index:8000000;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.2s linear;transition:transform 0.2s linear;-webkit-transform:translateX(-20rem);-moz-transform:translateX(-20rem);-ms-transform:translateX(-20rem);transform:translateX(-20rem);}.css-147r868 >div{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;min-height:100%;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}.css-147r868 ~.sidepanelToggleable{-webkit-transform:initial;-moz-transform:initial;-ms-transform:initial;transform:initial;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.2s linear;transition:transform 0.2s linear;}.css-147r868.open{-webkit-transform:translateX(0);-moz-transform:translateX(0);-ms-transform:translateX(0);transform:translateX(0);visibility:visible;content-visibility:auto;}.css-147r868.open ~.sidepanelToggleable{-webkit-transform:translateX(20rem);-moz-transform:translateX(20rem);-ms-transform:translateX(20rem);transform:translateX(20rem);}@media(min-width: 90rem){.css-147r868.open ~.sidepanelToggleable{-webkit-transform:translateX(7rem);-moz-transform:translateX(7rem);-ms-transform:translateX(7rem);transform:translateX(7rem);}}.css-1kkonqv{margin:1rem 1rem 0 1rem;padding:0 0.6rem;width:auto;height:2.1875rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;margin-right:6rem;}.css-1kkonqv svg{fill:#000000;}.css-15v62ch{color:#595959;fill:#595959;height:1rem;width:1rem;}.css-jk5e33{padding:1rem;color:#000000;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-roboto,FreightSansW01-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:2rem;}.css-89kcrn{background-color:#1c6a65;border:0;color:#ffffff;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0.625rem 1.25rem;margin-top:0rem;margin-bottom:0rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out,color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out,color 0.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;right:1.0625rem;top:1rem;position:absolute;}.css-89kcrn:hover{background-color:#525252;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;background:inherit;}.css-89kcrn:disabled{background-color:#F3F4F6;color:#A3A3A3;cursor:not-allowed;}.css-89kcrn{position:absolute;padding:0.6rem;border-radius:0;margin:0rem;background:inherit;right:1.0625rem;}.css-89kcrn:focus-visible{outline:0.125rem dotted;outline-offset:0.313rem;}.css-hqvv6v{width:1rem;height:1rem;fill:#1c6a65;}.css-xwjhf9{margin:0.5rem 1rem 0.125rem;padding:0rem;opacity:35%;height:0.0625rem;border:0;width:auto;background-color:#000000;color:#fff;}.css-28g8cx{position:relative;list-style:none;margin:0rem;padding:0.6rem;-webkit-flex:1 0 auto;-ms-flex:1 0 auto;flex:1 0 auto;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-roboto,FreightSansW01-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:2rem;}.css-28g8cx a{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1fqyieb{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.2s linear;transition:background-color 0.2s linear;padding:0 1rem;}.css-1fqyieb.has-submenu{position:relative;padding:0.5rem 1rem;color:#000000;-webkit-transition:padding 0.3s linear,background-color 0.2s linear;transition:padding 0.3s linear,background-color 0.2s linear;}.css-1fqyieb.has-submenu.submenu-open{padding:0.5rem 1rem 0;background-color:#ffffff;color:#000;}.css-1fqyieb:focus{outline:0.0625rem solid black;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-1fqyieb:hover{background-color:#ffffff;color:#000;}}.css-cv3h5u{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;position:relative;width:100%;height:2.875rem;color:#000000;-webkit-transition:color 0.2s linear;transition:color 0.2s linear;}.has-submenu .css-cv3h5u{height:unset;display:inline;-webkit-align-items:unset;-webkit-box-align:unset;-ms-flex-align:unset;align-items:unset;padding:0.5rem 0;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-cv3h5u:hover{color:#000000;}}.css-pjjyzu{position:absolute;right:1.4rem;top:1.2rem;border-color:#000000;border-style:solid;border-width:0 0.0625rem 0.0625rem 0;padding:0.2rem;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.25s ease-in-out;transition:transform 0.25s ease-in-out;cursor:pointer;background-color:transparent;color:#fff;}.submenu-open .css-pjjyzu{-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);}.submenu-closed .css-pjjyzu{-webkit-transform:rotate(-45deg);-moz-transform:rotate(-45deg);-ms-transform:rotate(-45deg);transform:rotate(-45deg);}.css-bbrknr{margin:0 auto;margin-left:1.1rem;}.css-bbrknr .e1f7ykkd1{border:0.0625rem solid #000000;}.css-sfww4i{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;height:3.125rem;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:1rem;}.css-14tvk8l{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;margin-right:1rem;color:#595959;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-roboto,FreightSansW01-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:2rem;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.2s linear;transition:opacity 0.2s linear;}.css-14tvk8l:last-of-type{margin-right:0rem;}.css-1yhciq3{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:absolute;left:1rem;top:1rem;z-index:12000000;text-align:center;opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 2.5rem));-moz-transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 2.5rem));-ms-transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 2.5rem));transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 2.5rem));-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border:medium solid white;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #55adff;background-color:#000000;color:#fff;border-radius:1.875rem;font-family:Inter,Inter-roboto,Inter-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1;font-weight:bold;padding:0.625rem 1.25rem;width:auto;}.css-1yhciq3:focus{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateY(0%);-moz-transform:translateY(0%);-ms-transform:translateY(0%);transform:translateY(0%);}.css-1yhciq3:focus-visible{outline:none;}.css-1joeej0{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;position:absolute;left:1rem;top:1rem;z-index:12000000;text-align:center;opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 2.5rem));-moz-transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 2.5rem));-ms-transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 2.5rem));transform:translateY(calc(-100% - 2.5rem));-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border:medium solid white;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #55adff;background-color:#000000;color:#fff;border-radius:1.875rem;font-family:Inter,Inter-roboto,Inter-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1;font-weight:bold;padding:0.625rem 1.25rem;width:auto;}.css-1joeej0:focus{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateY(0%);-moz-transform:translateY(0%);-ms-transform:translateY(0%);transform:translateY(0%);}.css-1joeej0:focus-visible{outline:none;}.css-ysfips{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;z-index:6000000;top:var(--nav-offset, 0);background-color:#E5E5E5;color:#000000;fill:#000000;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-roboto,FreightSansW01-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){.css-ysfips{height:111px;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-ysfips{height:57px;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:var(--nav-offset, 0);}}@media print{.css-ysfips{display:none;}}.css-40dj9l{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:100%;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 auto;max-width:75rem;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;width:100%;z-index:0;}@media(max-width: 64rem){.css-40dj9l{background:inherit;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-40dj9l{-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;}}.css-1oe3s6a{background-color:inherit;border:none;color:#ffffff;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0.625rem 1.25rem;margin-top:0rem;margin-bottom:0rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out,color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out,color 0.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;margin-left:0.9375rem;border-radius:0;line-height:0.7;}@media(max-width: 64rem){.css-1oe3s6a{padding:0.5rem 0.25rem 0.5rem 0.625rem;}}@media(min-width: 20rem){.css-1oe3s6a{padding:0.5rem 0.25rem 0.5rem 0;}.css-1oe3s6a svg{fill:#000000;-webkit-transition:fill 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:fill 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-1oe3s6a svg:hover{fill:#1c6a65;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem) and (max-width: 90rem){.css-1oe3s6a{margin-left:2.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1oe3s6a{padding:0.5rem 0.625rem 0.5rem 0.625rem;}}@media(min-width: 90rem){.css-1oe3s6a{margin-left:0rem;}}.css-1oe3s6a:hover{background-color:#525252;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;background:inherit;}.css-1oe3s6a:disabled{background-color:#F3F4F6;color:#A3A3A3;cursor:not-allowed;}.css-1oe3s6a:focus-visible{outline:0.125rem dotted;outline-offset:0.313rem;}.css-1oe3s6a img{height:1.875rem;width:1.875rem;}.css-1oe3s6a svg{fill:#000000;height:1.875rem;width:1.875rem;}.css-1oe3s6a svg:hover{fill:#1c6a65;}.css-oaptaw{line-height:1;margin-right:auto;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;margin-bottom:0.125rem;}@media(max-width: 30rem){.css-oaptaw{height:1.2rem;width:5.5em;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-oaptaw{width:5rem;}}@media(min-width: 30rem) and (max-width: 64rem){.css-oaptaw{width:7.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-oaptaw{height:1.75rem;width:7.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-oaptaw{margin-right:0.3125rem;}}.css-1m67141{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;width:100%;border-bottom:thin solid #F5F5F5;border-top:thin solid #F5F5F5;}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-1m67141{border-bottom:0;border-top:0;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1m67141{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;width:auto;}}.css-1m67141::-webkit-scrollbar{height:0rem;}.css-tpkp71{list-style:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;margin:0rem;padding-left:1.125rem;}@media(min-width: 40.625rem) and (max-width: 61.25rem){.css-tpkp71{padding-left:2.625rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-tpkp71{padding-left:3.125rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-tpkp71{padding-left:0rem;}}.css-1eo7dsn{white-space:nowrap;padding:0 1.875rem 0 1.25rem;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-upcase-roboto,FreightSansW01-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;}@media(min-width: 20rem){.css-1eo7dsn{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:2rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1eo7dsn{font-size:1rem;line-height:2rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1eo7dsn{padding:0 1.25rem 0 1.25rem;font-size:1rem;line-height:2rem;}}.css-j0tz68{display:inline-block;min-height:3rem;min-width:3rem;padding:.5rem 0 .5rem 0;text-align:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:outline 0.3s ease-in-out,outline-offset 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:outline 0.3s ease-in-out,outline-offset 0.3s ease-in-out;color:inherit;line-height:2.58918;}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-j0tz68{color:inherit;}}.css-j0tz68:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;}.css-1fkzqk5{display:inline-block;min-height:3rem;min-width:3rem;padding:.5rem 0 .5rem 0;text-align:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:outline 0.3s ease-in-out,outline-offset 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:outline 0.3s ease-in-out,outline-offset 0.3s ease-in-out;color:inherit;line-height:2.58918;}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-1fkzqk5{color:inherit;}}.css-1fkzqk5:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;}.css-vloapc{padding:0.8125rem 1.25rem;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:1.875rem;margin:0 0 0 auto;padding-left:1.05rem;padding-right:1.05rem;text-align:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:#1c6a65;border-radius:0;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-upcase-roboto,FreightSansW01-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;border:thin solid transparent;color:#ffffff;letter-spacing:0.03rem;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;width:auto;}@media(max-width: 30rem){.css-vloapc{font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-vloapc{padding:0.7rem;}}@media(min-width: 30rem) and (max-width: 64rem){.css-vloapc{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-vloapc{padding:0.7rem 1rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-vloapc{padding:0.8125rem 1.25rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-vloapc{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1;}}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-vloapc{-webkit-transition:box-shadow 0.2s linear,background 0.2s linear;transition:box-shadow 0.2s linear,background 0.2s linear;}.css-vloapc:hover{background-color:nav-subscribe-link.hover-bg;}}.css-vloapc:focus-visible{outline-color:#000000;}.css-vloapc:focus{outline:0.125rem dotted #000000;outline-offset:0.25rem;}.css-vloapc:hover{background-color:#000000;border:thin solid transparent;color:#ffffff;}.css-1ba3ot6{position:relative;padding-right:0;}@media(min-width: 40.625rem) and (max-width: 90rem){.css-1ba3ot6{padding-right:2.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1ba3ot6{padding-right:0rem;}}@media(min-width: 90rem){.css-1ba3ot6{padding-right:0;}}.css-w8pyk9{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-left:0.3125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-upcase-roboto,FreightSansW01-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:2rem;text-transform:uppercase;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-w8pyk9{margin-left:0.9375rem;}}.css-yykj2s{white-space:nowrap;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-upcase-roboto,FreightSansW01-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:2rem;text-transform:uppercase;}.css-ufbu47{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;background:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:1.25rem;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;padding:0.9375rem;width:1.25rem;border:0;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-ufbu47{margin-right:0.9375rem;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem) and (max-width: 90rem){.css-ufbu47{margin-right:2.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 90rem){.css-ufbu47{margin-left:0.625rem;margin-right:0rem;}}.css-ufbu47:hover{background:none;border:0;}.css-ufbu47:focus-visible{outline:0.125rem dotted #000000;outline-offset:0.5rem;z-index:1;}.css-yexo34{background-color:#1c6a65;border:none;color:#ffffff;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0.8125rem 1.25rem 0.9rem;margin-top:0rem;margin-bottom:0rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-upcase-roboto,FreightSansW01-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.03rem;width:auto;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;background:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:1.25rem;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;padding:0.9375rem;width:1.25rem;border:0;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-yexo34{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1;padding:0.7rem 1rem 0.75rem;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-yexo34{padding:0.7rem 1rem 0.75rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-yexo34{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1;padding:0.8125rem 1.25rem 0.9rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-yexo34{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1;}}.css-yexo34:hover{background-color:#000000;cursor:pointer;border:0 solid transparent;color:#ffffff;}.css-yexo34:disabled{background-color:#F3F4F6;color:#A3A3A3;cursor:not-allowed;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-yexo34{margin-right:0.9375rem;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem) and (max-width: 90rem){.css-yexo34{margin-right:2.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 90rem){.css-yexo34{margin-left:0.625rem;margin-right:0rem;}}.css-yexo34:hover{background:none;border:0;}.css-yexo34:focus-visible{outline:0.125rem dotted #000000;outline-offset:0.5rem;z-index:1;}.css-mez99v{cursor:pointer;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;height:1rem;margin-left:0.625rem;width:1rem;}.css-mez99v:focus-visible{outline:0.125rem dotted #000000;outline-offset:0.5rem;}.css-fw03o6{-webkit-animation:animation-fhr88u 0.1s linear;animation:animation-fhr88u 0.1s linear;margin-left:auto;-webkit-order:1;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;position:absolute;right:0rem;border-bottom:0.125rem solid #1c6a65;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){.css-fw03o6{width:100%;visibility:hidden;}}@media(min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 64rem){.css-fw03o6{top:4.3rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-fw03o6{top:3rem;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-fw03o6{position:static;width:20rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-var(--desktop-navsearch-display, none);display:-ms-var(--desktop-navsearch-display, none)box;display:var(--desktop-navsearch-display, none);}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem) and (max-width: 90rem){.css-fw03o6{margin-right:2.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 90rem){.css-fw03o6{margin-right:0rem;}}.css-fw03o6 div{background-color:#E5E5E5;color:#000;border:0;border-bottom:0 solid transparent;}.css-fw03o6 div:focus-within{outline:0;}.css-j7qwjs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}.css-1tqs6nx{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-upcase-roboto,FreightSansW01-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:2rem;text-transform:uppercase;}.css-1tqs6nx::-webkit-search-cancel-button{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;-ms-appearance:none;appearance:none;display:none;}.css-1tqs6nx::-webkit-search-clear-button{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;-ms-appearance:none;appearance:none;display:none;}.css-1ylu0bo{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;}.css-1ah1aoi{margin:-1px;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-roboto,FreightSansW01-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;display:inline-block;cursor:pointer;margin-bottom:var(--hds-space-xxs);position:absolute;left:-10000px;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0rem;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;border-width:0;}.css-r2peg6{position:relative;overflow:hidden;width:100%;border:none;border-radius:var(--hds-input-shape-none);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:var(--hds-input-gap-xs);outline:none;background:var(--hds-input-color-background-default);border-style:solid;border-width:var(--hds-border-width-thin);}.css-r2peg6:focus-within{outline-style:solid;outline-width:var(--hds-border-width-thin);outline-color:var(--hds-border-color-grey-dark);}.css-24rk8n{cursor:pointer;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;height:1rem;margin-left:0.625rem;width:1rem;}.css-24rk8n:focus-visible{outline:0.125rem dotted #000000;outline-offset:0.5rem;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-24rk8n{margin:0 0 0 1.25rem;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-24rk8n{margin:0 0 0 2.77rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem) and (max-width: 73.75rem){.css-24rk8n{margin:0 0 0 3.41rem;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-24rk8n{margin:0.26rem;}}.css-4j77j3{background:none;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-roboto,FreightSansW01-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.3;padding:var(--hds-input-size-xs) var(--hds-input-space-xs);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-left:auto;width:100%;border:0;height:1.5rem;box-sizing:content-box;outline:0;color:var(--hds-input-color-text);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-upcase-roboto,FreightSansW01-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:2rem;text-transform:uppercase;}.css-4j77j3::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#262626;}.css-4j77j3::-moz-placeholder{color:#262626;}.css-4j77j3:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#262626;}.css-4j77j3::placeholder{color:#262626;}.css-4j77j3::-webkit-search-cancel-button{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;-ms-appearance:none;appearance:none;display:none;}.css-4j77j3::-webkit-search-clear-button{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;-ms-appearance:none;appearance:none;display:none;}.css-z6vn14{position:fixed;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);color:#fff;top:0;height:100vh;z-index:-2000000;width:100%;display:none;}.css-1cd8suq{z-index:6000000;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:calc(var(--mobile-sticky-header-height, 0px));width:100%;}.css-1y3x20e{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:var(--nav-height, 0);z-index:6000000;}.css-rk6tbh{position:relative;background-color:bg-primary;}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-rk6tbh{margin-right:var(--sponsor-panel-width, auto);}}.css-oqy6ua{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin:0 auto;width:100%;border-bottom:thin solid #D4D4D4;border-top:thin solid #D4D4D4;}@media(max-width: 64rem){.css-oqy6ua{overflow-x:scroll;overflow-y:hidden;white-space:nowrap;}}.css-4d6vc7{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:-webkit-fit-content;height:-moz-fit-content;height:fit-content;margin:auto;width:auto;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-upcase-roboto,FreightSansW01-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:2rem;text-transform:uppercase;}.css-4d6vc7 a{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding:0.9375rem 1.2rem;-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-4d6vc7 a::after{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;color:#D4D4D4;content:"|";display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;left:1rem;position:relative;}.css-4d6vc7 nav:last-child>a:after{display:none;}.css-4d6vc7 a:hover{color:#737373;}.css-1cjybzt{padding:0.9375rem 0;min-width:45.5rem;text-align:center;z-index:2000000;position:relative;display:none;background-color:#E5E5E5;color:#000;width:100%;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-1cjybzt{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:calc(var(--mobile-sticky-header-height, 0px) + var(--sticky-secondary-header-height, 0px));padding-bottom:0.9375rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1cjybzt{min-height:121px;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-1cjybzt{display:block;}}@media print{.css-1cjybzt{display:none!important;}}.css-b0nc2u{width:100%;max-width:100vw;display:grid;margin-bottom:0.9375rem;position:relative;z-index:auto;}@media print{.css-b0nc2u{max-width:100%;}}.css-1lr08az{grid-column:1/-1;text-align:center;}.css-ig50jk{padding:0 0.938rem;text-align:left;}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-ig50jk{margin:0 1rem;padding:0rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-ig50jk{margin:0 auto;max-width:40.25rem;padding:0 1rem;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-ig50jk{margin:0rem;max-width:calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);padding:0 1rem;margin-left:calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2);}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-ig50jk{margin:0 auto;max-width:40.25rem;padding:0 1rem;margin-left:calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2);}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-ig50jk{margin:0 auto;max-width:calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);padding:0 1rem;margin-left:calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2);}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-ig50jk{margin:0 auto;max-width:calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);padding:0 1rem;margin-left:calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2);}}@media(min-width: 90rem){.css-ig50jk{margin:auto;max-width:calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);padding:0 1rem;margin-left:calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem)) / 2);}}@media(min-width: 64rem){body:has(#page-settings[data-has-sponsor]) .css-ig50jk{text-align:start;}}.css-35qmw7{list-style:none;margin:0 auto;max-width:75rem;padding:1.25rem 1.25rem 0 1.6875rem;color:#525252;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-roboto,FreightSansW01-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.70028rem;line-height:1.3;}@media(min-width: 20rem){.css-35qmw7{padding-left:0;}}@media(min-width: 30rem){.css-35qmw7{padding-left:0;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-35qmw7{padding:1.25rem 0 0 0;padding-left:0;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-35qmw7{padding:1.25rem 0 0;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-35qmw7{padding:1.25rem 0 0;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-35qmw7{padding:1.25rem 0 0;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-35qmw7{padding:1.25rem 0 0;}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-35qmw7{padding:1.25rem 0 0;}}@media(min-width: 90rem){.css-35qmw7{padding:1.25rem 0 0;}}.css-zxq36b{display:inline;}.css-zxq36b+li:before{padding:0.25rem;content:">";}.css-100k4td{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-100k4td:hover{color:#000000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;}.css-10e6ywj{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-10e6ywj:hover{color:#000000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;}.css-huh8md{display:none;}.css-huh8md+li:before{padding:0.25rem;content:">";}.css-1uosn6{grid-column:1/-1;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0.9375rem;word-break:normal;margin-top:0.9375rem;font-family:UnitedSans,UnitedSans-roboto,UnitedSans-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;letter-spacing:-0.03rem;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-1uosn6{word-break:break-word;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1uosn6{font-size:2.8125rem;line-height:1;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1uosn6{font-size:3.25rem;line-height:1;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1uosn6{font-size:3.75rem;line-height:1;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-1uosn6{font-size:4.06248rem;line-height:1;}}.css-bv2wf6{color:#525252;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-roboto,FreightSansW01-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0.625rem;text-align:left;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-bv2wf6{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-bv2wf6{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-bv2wf6{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.6;}}.css-bv2wf6 a{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.125rem;text-decoration-color:#1c6a65;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:inherit;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;word-break:break-word;}.css-bv2wf6 a:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}.css-xwje0o{grid-column:1/4;width:100%;margin-bottom:0;padding-right:0.3125rem;color:#000000;display:inline-block;font-family:SimplonMono,SimplonMono-upcase-roboto,SimplonMono-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-xwje0o{font-size:0.70028rem;line-height:1.3;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-xwje0o{font-size:0.70017rem;line-height:1.3;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-xwje0o{font-size:0.70028rem;line-height:1.3;}}.css-xwje0o span{display:inline-block;line-height:1.6;}.css-hqq2rs{font-style:normal;padding-right:0.3125rem;color:#000000;display:inline-block;font-family:SimplonMono,SimplonMono-upcase-roboto,SimplonMono-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-hqq2rs{font-size:0.70028rem;line-height:1.3;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-hqq2rs{font-size:0.70017rem;line-height:1.3;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-hqq2rs{font-size:0.70028rem;line-height:1.3;}}.css-flry6y{color:#414141;padding-right:0.3125rem;font-family:SimplonMono,SimplonMono-upcase-roboto,SimplonMono-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.70028rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;margin-right:0.625rem;}.css-s1p5ii{background:inherit;border:inherit;display:inherit;outline:inherit;font-size:inherit;text-transform:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-family:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;padding:0rem;}.css-s1p5ii:focus-visible{outline:unset;}.css-1v0az23{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;padding:0.625rem;text-align:left;background-color:#ffffff;border:0.0625rem solid #E5E5E5;border-color:#D4D4D4;position:relative;outline:none;background:#ffffff;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-roboto,FreightSansW01-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.6;text-transform:capitalize;background:inherit;border:inherit;display:inherit;outline:inherit;font-size:inherit;text-transform:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-family:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;padding:0rem;}.css-1v0az23:disabled{color:#D4D4D4;border-color:#E5E5E5;cursor:default;}.css-1v0az23:focus-visible::before{outline:0.125rem dotted #000000;}.css-1v0az23:before{content:"";position:absolute;min-height:48px;min-width:48px;width:100%;height:100%;top:50%;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%, -50%);-moz-transform:translate(-50%, -50%);-ms-transform:translate(-50%, -50%);transform:translate(-50%, -50%);}.css-1v0az23:focus-visible{outline:unset;}.css-hdxuqr{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:inherit;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;word-break:break-word;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;padding:0.625rem;text-align:left;background-color:#ffffff;border:0.0625rem solid #E5E5E5;border-color:#D4D4D4;position:relative;outline:none;background:#ffffff;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-roboto,FreightSansW01-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.6;text-transform:capitalize;background:inherit;border:inherit;display:inherit;outline:inherit;font-size:inherit;text-transform:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-family:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;padding:0rem;}.css-hdxuqr:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}.css-hdxuqr:disabled{color:#D4D4D4;border-color:#E5E5E5;cursor:default;}.css-hdxuqr:focus-visible::before{outline:0.125rem dotted #000000;}.css-hdxuqr:before{content:"";position:absolute;min-height:48px;min-width:48px;width:100%;height:100%;top:50%;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%, -50%);-moz-transform:translate(-50%, -50%);-ms-transform:translate(-50%, -50%);transform:translate(-50%, -50%);}.css-hdxuqr:focus-visible{outline:unset;}.css-108y4ns{padding-top:0rem;padding-bottom:0rem;}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-108y4ns{max-width:347px;}}.css-108y4ns .e1c1bym13{margin-top:0.625rem;display:inline-block;}.css-13e0tm1{display:inline-block;text-transform:uppercase;color:#525252;margin-left:0;font-family:SimplonMono,SimplonMono-upcase-roboto,SimplonMono-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.70028rem;line-height:1.3;font-weight:bold;}.css-17mvcka{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;}.css-18jz25a{gap:5px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:relative;margin-top:0.9375rem;}.css-iqq7vh{background-color:#1c6a65;border:thin solid transparent;color:#ffffff;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:0.8125rem 1.25rem;margin-top:0rem;margin-bottom:0rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:0;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-upcase-roboto,FreightSansW01-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.03rem;width:auto;}@media(max-width: 30rem){.css-iqq7vh{font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-iqq7vh{padding:0.7rem;}}@media(min-width: 30rem) and (max-width: 64rem){.css-iqq7vh{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-iqq7vh{padding:0.7rem 1rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-iqq7vh{padding:0.8125rem 1.25rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-iqq7vh{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1;}}.css-iqq7vh:hover{background-color:#000000;cursor:pointer;border:thin solid transparent;color:#ffffff;}.css-iqq7vh:disabled{background-color:#F3F4F6;color:#A3A3A3;cursor:not-allowed;}.css-iqq7vh+.css-iqq7vh{margin-left:1rem;}.css-iqq7vh:focus{outline:0.125rem dotted #000000;outline-offset:0.25rem;}.css-1exgad7{width:1rem;height:1rem;margin-right:0.625rem;}.css-k008qs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.css-1q1kaac{margin-bottom:0.9375rem;position:relative;}@media(max-width: 64rem){.css-1q1kaac{max-width:calc(100vw - (1rem * 2));margin-left:1rem;margin-right:1rem;}.css-1q1kaac .e1spmc110{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(-1 * 1rem);}}@media(min-width: 48rem) and (max-width: 61.25rem){.css-1q1kaac{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.css-1q1kaac .e1spmc110{width:100vw;margin-left:calc((100vw - (calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 2 * 1rem)) / -2);}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem) and (max-width: 90rem){.css-1q1kaac{max-width:calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);margin-left:calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2);padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;}.css-1q1kaac .e1spmc110{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / -2) - 1rem);}}@media(min-width: 90rem){.css-1q1kaac{margin-left:calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem)) / 2);max-width:calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;}.css-1q1kaac .e1spmc110{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 + 1rem)) / -2) - calc(2 * 1rem));}body:has(#page-settings[data-has-sponsor]) .css-1q1kaac{min-width:calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);}}.css-1f8o566{justify-self:center;position:relative;width:100%;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1f8o566{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw);}}.css-sm2oir{height:auto;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-sm2oir{margin:auto calc(50% - 50vw);}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-sm2oir{margin:auto;}}.css-96439d{overflow-x:hidden;position:relative;height:auto;}.css-1oxikel{position:relative;width:100%;}.css-1oxikel img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;vertical-align:top;}.css-285vyd{line-height:1;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){.css-285vyd{padding-left:0.9375rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-285vyd{padding-left:0;}}.css-tkbvme{color:#737373;padding-right:0.3125rem;font-family:Charter,Charter-weightbold-roboto,Charter-weightbold-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-size:0.70028rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;}.css-k40l41{padding:0 0.3rem;color:#737373;padding-right:0.3125rem;font-family:Charter,Charter-weightbold-roboto,Charter-weightbold-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-size:0.70028rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;}.css-j4k1z9{position:relative;padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem;font-family:Charter,Charter-roboto,Charter-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.6;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-j4k1z9{padding-left:3.5rem;padding-right:3.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem) and (max-width: 61.25rem){.css-j4k1z9{max-width:45.25rem;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-j4k1z9{padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem) and (max-width: 100rem){.css-j4k1z9{padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem;}}@media(min-width: 90rem){.css-j4k1z9{padding-left:0rem;padding-right:0rem;}}.css-j4k1z9:after{clear:both;content:" ";display:block;font-size:0.7rem;line-height:1.5rem;height:0rem;visibility:hidden;}.css-j4k1z9 .piano-recirculation-module-container{position:relative;border-bottom:solid var(--cx-border-width, 2px) var(--cx-border-color, black);margin-bottom:var(--cx-margin-bottom, 16px);padding-bottom:24px;}.css-j4k1z9 .cx-header{color:var(--cx-header-color, black);border-top:solid var(--cx-border-width, 2px) var(--cx-border-color, black);margin-top:16px;padding:24px 0;font-size:var(--cx-header-font-size, 28px);font-family:var(--cx-header-font-family, inherit);font-weight:var(--cx-header-font-weight, normal);line-height:1;}.css-j4k1z9 .cx-flex-module{gap:normal;grid-template-columns:none;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-j4k1z9 .cx-flex-module{display:grid;gap:16px;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;}}.css-j4k1z9 .cx-item{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-bottom:16px;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-j4k1z9 .cx-item{display:block;margin-bottom:0rem;}}.css-j4k1z9 .cx-item:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0rem;}.css-j4k1z9 .cx-item-image{height:auto;vertical-align:middle;object-fit:cover;background:var(--cx-skeleton-color, #ddd);margin-bottom:0rem;aspect-ratio:1/1;width:104px;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-j4k1z9 .cx-item-image{margin-bottom:12px;width:100%;}}.css-j4k1z9 .cx-title-container{height:calc(4 * (var(--cx-title-font-size, 16px) * 1.2));font-size:var(--cx-title-font-size, 16px);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;padding-left:12px;padding-right:0rem;margin-bottom:0rem;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-j4k1z9 .cx-title-container{display:block;-webkit-flex-direction:unset;-ms-flex-direction:unset;flex-direction:unset;-webkit-box-pack:unset;-ms-flex-pack:unset;-webkit-justify-content:unset;justify-content:unset;padding-left:0rem;}}.css-j4k1z9 .cx-premium-tag{display:block;line-height:1;font-size:var(--cx-premium-tag-font-size, 14px);margin-bottom:8px;}.css-j4k1z9 .cx-item-title{line-height:1.2;overflow:hidden;color:var(--cx-title-color, black);font-size:inherit;font-family:var(--cx-title-font-family, inherit);font-weight:var(--cx-title-font-weight, normal);display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:4;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:normal;height:auto;margin:0rem;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-j4k1z9 .cx-item-title{height:calc(4) * 1.2 * var(--cx-title-font-size, 16px));}}.css-j4k1z9 .cx-item-title:hover{color:var(--cx-title-color-hover, #808080);-webkit-transition:0.3s ease-in-out color;transition:0.3s ease-in-out color;}.css-j4k1z9 .piano-recirculation-module{position:absolute;left:0rem;top:0rem;bottom:0rem;right:0rem;}.css-j4k1z9 em{font-family:Charter,Charter-styleitalic-roboto,Charter-styleitalic-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-style:italic;}.css-j4k1z9 strong{font-family:Charter,Charter-weightbold-roboto,Charter-weightbold-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-weight:bold;}.css-9b1pbo{margin:0.9375rem 0 0 0.625rem;padding:0 0 0 1.25rem;font-family:Charter,Charter-roboto,Charter-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.6;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-9b1pbo{margin:0.9375rem 0;}}.css-9b1pbo li{padding-bottom:0.625rem;}.css-9b1pbo b,.css-9b1pbo strong{font-family:inherit;font-weight:bold;}.css-9b1pbo em,.css-9b1pbo i{font-family:inherit;font-style:italic;}.css-9b1pbo em{font-family:Charter,Charter-styleitalic-roboto,Charter-styleitalic-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-style:italic;}.css-9b1pbo strong{font-family:Charter,Charter-weightbold-roboto,Charter-weightbold-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-weight:bold;}.css-18pb4rg{border:0;border-bottom:thin solid black;margin:1.875rem 0;clear:both;}.css-auya5i{font-family:Charter,Charter-roboto,Charter-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.6;}.css-auya5i em{font-family:Charter,Charter-styleitalic-roboto,Charter-styleitalic-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-style:italic;}.css-auya5i strong{font-family:Charter,Charter-weightbold-roboto,Charter-weightbold-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-weight:bold;}.css-1kk1geb{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.125rem;text-decoration-color:#1c6a65;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:inherit;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;word-break:break-word;font-weight:bold;}.css-1kk1geb:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}.css-1fm2v8u{border:0 solid transparent;margin-top:1.875rem;margin-bottom:1.875rem;padding:0rem;}.css-q4cr9k{display:inline;font-weight:normal;margin:0rem;background-color:#ffffff;color:#000;font-family:Placard,Placard-upcase-roboto,Placard-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.75rem;line-height:1;letter-spacing:0.15rem;text-transform:uppercase;}.css-8lle59{max-width:calc(100% - 120px - .625rem);}.css-1nufxsc{background-color:#000000;color:#fff;content:'';display:block;height:0.125rem;margin-bottom:0.3125rem;position:relative;top:-0.4rem;z-index:-1;}.css-c4s2gi{padding:0rem;margin:0rem;list-style:none;}.css-2t9pp3{padding-top:1.25rem;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-roboto,FreightSansW01-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;}.css-2t9pp3 a{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-2t9pp3 a:hover{color:#595959;}.css-1bn7a5e{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}.css-1l0uuk1{margin-right:0.625rem;height:auto;}.css-19m4yzp{margin-top:1.875rem;border-top:thin solid #525252;}.css-sfzxfp{display:grid;grid-template-areas:"authorImage nameJobTitle" "authorImage bioContainer";grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;grid-template-rows:auto;grid-column-gap:0.625rem;padding-top:1.25rem;padding-bottom:1.25rem;clear:both;}.css-3mrz81{width:60px;height:60px;border-radius:50%;grid-area:authorImage;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-3mrz81{width:40px;height:40px;}}.css-o0wq4v{width:100%;height:100%;border-radius:50%;vertical-align:middle;object-fit:cover;}.css-gorqpr{grid-area:nameJobTitle;-webkit-align-items:baseline;-webkit-box-align:baseline;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline;}.css-6uamjy{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#000000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;word-break:break-word;display:inline-block;font-family:SimplonMono,SimplonMono-upcase-roboto,SimplonMono-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-6uamjy{font-size:0.70028rem;line-height:1.3;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-6uamjy{font-size:0.70017rem;line-height:1.3;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-6uamjy{font-size:0.70028rem;line-height:1.3;}}.css-6uamjy:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}.css-19mb619{color:#000000;display:inline-block;font-family:SimplonMono,SimplonMono-upcase-roboto,SimplonMono-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#000000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;word-break:break-word;display:inline-block;font-family:SimplonMono,SimplonMono-upcase-roboto,SimplonMono-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-19mb619{font-size:0.70028rem;line-height:1.3;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-19mb619{font-size:0.70017rem;line-height:1.3;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-19mb619{font-size:0.70028rem;line-height:1.3;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-19mb619{font-size:0.70028rem;line-height:1.3;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-19mb619{font-size:0.70017rem;line-height:1.3;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-19mb619{font-size:0.70028rem;line-height:1.3;}}.css-19mb619:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}.css-v8io4q{margin-top:0.625rem;font-family:SimplonMono,SimplonMono-upcase-roboto,SimplonMono-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.70028rem;line-height:1.3;text-transform:uppercase;}.css-1dsojn8{grid-area:bioContainer;}.css-1pt1ks2{display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:5;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden;padding-top:0.3125rem;word-break:break-word;font-family:Charter,Charter-roboto,Charter-local,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.4;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1pt1ks2{-webkit-line-clamp:10;}}.css-1pt1ks2>*{display:inline;}.css-1pt1ks2 p{margin:0rem;}.css-1pt1ks2 p a{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:inherit;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;word-break:break-word;}.css-1pt1ks2 p a:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}.css-1pt1ks2 em{font-family:CharterItalic,Georgia,Times,Serif;font-style:italic;}.css-ciejky{clear:both;margin-top:1.25rem;}.css-es6uyf{padding:0 0.938rem;margin-top:1.875rem;margin-bottom:1.875rem;}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-es6uyf{padding:0 2.5rem;}}.css-14vh9p{text-align:center;margin:0 auto;max-width:60rem;}.css-1sowyjy{margin-bottom:1.25rem;}.css-gr806t{display:inline-block;margin:0rem;font-weight:normal;padding:0 0 0.25rem;font-family:Placard,Placard-upcase-roboto,Placard-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.75rem;line-height:1;letter-spacing:0.15rem;text-transform:uppercase;}.css-1hxxve0{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;margin:0rem;font-weight:normal;min-height:auto;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-roboto,FreightSansW01-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1hxxve0{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1hxxve0{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1hxxve0{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;}}.css-1ui7hop{margin-bottom:0.9375rem;--aspect-ratio:56.25%;}.css-guxj2g{width:100%;height:100%;}.css-guxj2g video{height:100%;width:100%;}.css-guxj2g .hpc-sticky video{position:relative;}.css-guxj2g .video-player-wrapper{background:#ffffff;}.css-guxj2g .video-player-wrapper:not(.hpc-sticky){position:absolute;top:0rem;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:2000000;}.css-guxj2g .video-player-wrapper.hpc-sticky{z-index:4000000;}.css-1d3dqod{height:100%;width:100%;position:relative;z-index:2000000;visibility:visible;overflow:hidden;}.css-19szzr8{position:absolute;left:50%;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform:translate(-50%,-50%);z-index:1;stroke:#ffffff;cursor:pointer;height:3.75rem;width:3.75rem;border-radius:50%;background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);color:#fff;border:.1875rem solid white;-webkit-transition:all 0.4s;transition:all 0.4s;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-19szzr8{height:5.625rem;width:5.625rem;border:.28125rem solid white;}}.e7hrar04:hover .css-19szzr8{background-color:rgba(33, 150, 245, 0.8);color:#ffffff;}.css-ovd4yx{vertical-align:middle;width:1.45rem;height:1.4rem;margin-right:0rem;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-ovd4yx{width:2.3125rem;height:3rem;margin-right:.25rem;}}.css-157wciq{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;cursor:pointer;}.css-g939jb{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;cursor:pointer;}.css-izijhn{margin:4rem 0.9375rem 1.4rem;clear:both;color:#000000;text-align:center;position:relative;margin-top:4rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:start;justify-content:start;padding-bottom:0rem;max-width:none;min-height:523px;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-izijhn{margin:4rem 2.5rem 1.4rem;min-height:138px;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-izijhn{margin:4rem auto 1.4rem;max-width:75rem;}}.css-izijhn.clearfix{clear:both;}.css-izijhn:after{content:"";border-bottom:thin solid #E5E5E5;margin:0rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:absolute;bottom:0rem;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-izijhn:after{width:-webkit-fill-available;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-izijhn:after{margin:0.9375rem 0 0 0;position:static;}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-izijhn:after{margin:0.9375rem 0 0;}}.css-izijhn #gpt_lb_pf{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;margin:0 calc(50% - 50vw);}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-izijhn #gpt_lb_pf{position:relative;}}.css-fc4i0y{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center;margin:0 auto;width:100%;line-height:2rem;text-transform:none;font-family:Inter,Inter-roboto,Inter-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.70028rem;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-fc4i0y{margin:0 auto;}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-fc4i0y{margin:0rem;}}.css-fc4i0y:after{margin:0 0 0 0.625rem;}.css-fc4i0y:before{margin:0 0.625rem 0 0;}.css-fc4i0y:before,.css-fc4i0y:after{background-color:#E5E5E5;color:inherit;content:"";-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;height:0.0625rem;position:relative;top:1rem;}.css-fc4i0y a{color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-fc4i0y a:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}.css-1mzrkyb{margin:0rem;height:100%;min-height:none;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1mzrkyb{margin:0 auto;height:auto;min-height:90px;}}.css-eg51ek{min-width:18.75rem;text-align:center;z-index:2000000;position:relative;margin:0rem;height:100%;min-height:none;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-eg51ek{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:calc(var(--mobile-sticky-header-height, 0px) + var(--sticky-secondary-header-height, 0px));padding-bottom:0.9375rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-eg51ek{margin:0 auto;height:auto;min-height:90px;}}.css-bnk019{overflow:hidden;max-width:75rem;margin:0.9375rem 0.938rem 0;clear:both;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-bnk019{margin:0.9375rem 2.5rem 0;}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-bnk019{margin:0.9375rem auto 0;}}@media print{.css-bnk019{display:none;}}.css-15qxeah{--sticky-secondary-header-height:0px;margin:1.25rem auto 0;}@media print{.css-15qxeah{display:none;}}.css-1te3x1x{padding:0 0.938rem 1.25rem 0.938rem;background-color:#000000;color:#fff;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1te3x1x{padding:0 2.5rem 1.875rem 2.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-1te3x1x{display:grid;grid-row-gap:1.25rem;grid-column-gap:1.25rem;grid-template-areas:"header header header" "content content ad";grid-template-rows:repeat(2, auto);grid-template-columns:auto auto auto;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1te3x1x{margin:0 auto;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-1te3x1x{grid-column-gap:0rem;grid-template-areas:"lgut header header header rgut" "lgut content content ad rgut";grid-template-columns:1fr repeat(3, minmax(auto, 25rem)) 1fr;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){.css-1te3x1x:not(:first-of-type){grid-row-gap:0rem;padding-top:0;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1te3x1x:not(:first-of-type){grid-row-gap:0.625rem;padding-top:0;}}.css-jpd7l1{position:relative;grid-area:header;contain:layout;display:block;font-weight:100;margin-bottom:0.625rem;margin-top:1.875rem;z-index:1;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-jpd7l1{text-align:left;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-jpd7l1{text-align:left;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-jpd7l1{text-align:left;}}.css-pztnhl{margin:0rem;background-color:#ffffff;color:#000;display:inline;font-weight:100;padding:0.3rem 0.625rem;text-align:left;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:SimplonMono,SimplonMono-upcase-roboto,SimplonMono-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-pztnhl{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:2rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-pztnhl{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:2rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-pztnhl{font-size:0.875rem;line-height:2rem;}}.css-pztnhl a,.css-pztnhl span{overflow:hidden;}.css-pztnhl a{color:link-block-header;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;z-index:0;}.css-pztnhl a:hover{color:link-hover-block-header;}.css-pztnhl span:before{z-index:-2000000;}.css-pztnhl a{color:#000000;}.css-pztnhl a:hover{color:#1c6a65;}.css-8psjmo:before{content:'//';display:inline;padding-right:0.3125rem;}.css-v6ym3h:before{content:'//';display:inline;padding-left:0.3125rem;}.css-oh4jj4{contain:layout;display:grid;grid-area:content;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, 1fr);}@media(min-width: 20rem){.css-oh4jj4{grid-gap:0.09rem;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-oh4jj4{grid-gap:0.09rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-oh4jj4{grid-gap:1.8rem;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, 1fr);}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-oh4jj4{grid-gap:0.09rem;}}.css-13eacp6{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:#ffffff;color:#000;}.css-13eacp6 h2 span{-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-13eacp6 h2 span:hover{color:#595959;}.css-1objo0p{background-color:#ffffff;color:#000;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:#ffffff;color:#000;}.css-1objo0p h2 span{-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-1objo0p h2 span:hover{color:#595959;}.css-ftsoqv{display:block;margin-bottom:0.625rem;}.css-ftsoqv img{vertical-align:top;}.css-12yzjn0{background-color:#ffffff;color:#000;padding:0.9375rem;padding-bottom:1.875rem;text-align:left;}.css-12yzjn0 h2 span:hover{color:#595959;}.css-1u6xkms{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:SimplonMono,SimplonMono-roboto,SimplonMono-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:100;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1u6xkms{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.3;margin-bottom:1rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1u6xkms{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.3;margin-bottom:0.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1u6xkms{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.3;}}.css-s09mqe{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-roboto,FreightSansW01-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:100;word-break:break-word;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-s09mqe{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:1rem;margin-top:0.625rem;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-s09mqe{line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-s09mqe{font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:0.5rem;margin-top:0rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-s09mqe{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.2;margin-top:0.9375rem;}}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-s09mqe{-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-s09mqe:hover{color:link-hover;}}.css-3jhp4l{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;text-align:center;width:calc(100% + (0.938rem * 2));margin-top:1.25rem;margin-bottom:0.875rem;margin-left:-0.938rem;min-height:523px;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-3jhp4l{-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:start;justify-content:start;position:relative;}}@media(max-width: 61.25rem){.css-3jhp4l{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}}@media(min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 61.25rem){.css-3jhp4l{display:block;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-3jhp4l{width:calc(100% + (2.5rem * 2));margin-left:-2.5rem;min-height:138px;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-3jhp4l{top:calc(var(--mobile-sticky-header-height, 0px) + var(--sticky-secondary-header-height, 0px));width:unset;margin:0rem;margin-left:0rem;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;-webkit-align-self:flex-start;-ms-flex-item-align:flex-start;align-self:flex-start;grid-area:ad;}}.css-3jhp4l:after{content:"";display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:static;margin:0.9375rem 0.938rem 0;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-3jhp4l:after{position:absolute;bottom:0rem;width:-webkit-fill-available;}}@media(max-width: 61.25rem){.css-3jhp4l:after{border-bottom:thin solid #E5E5E5;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-3jhp4l:after{margin:0.9375rem 2.5rem 0;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-3jhp4l:after{visibility:hidden;}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-3jhp4l:after{margin:0.9375rem 0 0;}}.css-adjuoj{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center;margin:0 0.938rem;line-height:2rem;text-transform:none;font-family:Inter,Inter-roboto,Inter-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.70028rem;}@media(min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 61.25rem){.css-adjuoj{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-adjuoj{margin:0 2.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-adjuoj{margin:0rem;}}.css-adjuoj:after{margin:0 0 0 0.625rem;}.css-adjuoj:before{margin:0 0.625rem 0 0;}.css-adjuoj:before,.css-adjuoj:after{background-color:#E5E5E5;color:inherit;content:"";-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;height:0.0625rem;position:relative;top:1rem;}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-adjuoj,.css-adjuoj:after,.css-adjuoj:before{display:none;}}.css-adjuoj a{color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-adjuoj a:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}.css-hjtg88{min-width:18.75rem;text-align:center;z-index:2000000;position:relative;width:100%;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-hjtg88{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:calc(var(--mobile-sticky-header-height, 0px) + var(--sticky-secondary-header-height, 0px));padding-bottom:0.9375rem;}}@media(min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 61.25rem){.css-hjtg88{display:block;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-hjtg88{left:unset;}}.css-1delma7{padding:0 0.938rem 1.25rem 0.938rem;background-color:#000000;color:#fff;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1delma7{padding:0 2.5rem 1.875rem 2.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-1delma7{display:grid;grid-row-gap:1.25rem;grid-column-gap:1.25rem;grid-template-areas:"header" "content";grid-template-rows:repeat(2, auto);grid-template-columns:minmax(auto, 75rem);}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1delma7{margin:0 auto;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-1delma7{grid-column-gap:0rem;grid-template-areas:"lgut header rgut" "lgut content rgut";grid-template-columns:1fr minmax(auto, 75rem) 1fr;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){.css-1delma7:not(:first-of-type){grid-row-gap:0rem;padding-top:0;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1delma7:not(:first-of-type){grid-row-gap:0.625rem;padding-top:0;}}.css-taukg1{contain:layout;display:grid;grid-area:content;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, 1fr);}@media(min-width: 20rem){.css-taukg1{grid-gap:0.09rem;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-taukg1{grid-gap:0.09rem;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-taukg1{grid-gap:1.8rem;grid-template-columns:repeat(4, 1fr);}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-taukg1{grid-gap:0.09rem;}}.css-h7nhlk{margin:1.25rem 0;clear:both;color:#000000;text-align:center;position:static;margin-top:1.25rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;min-height:523px;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-h7nhlk{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:start;justify-content:start;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-h7nhlk{min-height:138px;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-h7nhlk{margin:1.25rem auto;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-h7nhlk{max-width:75rem;}}.css-h7nhlk.clearfix{clear:both;}.css-h7nhlk:after{content:"";border-bottom:thin solid #E5E5E5;margin:0.9375rem 0.938rem 0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:static;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-h7nhlk:after{position:absolute;bottom:0rem;width:-webkit-fill-available;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-h7nhlk:after{margin:0.9375rem 2.5rem 0;}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-h7nhlk:after{margin:0.9375rem 0 0;}}.css-h7nhlk #gpt-ad-leaderboard-bottom{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;margin:0 calc(50% - 50vw);}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-h7nhlk #gpt-ad-leaderboard-bottom{position:relative;}}.css-iapka3{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center;margin:0 0.938rem;line-height:2rem;text-transform:none;font-family:Inter,Inter-roboto,Inter-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.70028rem;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-iapka3{margin:0 2.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 75rem){.css-iapka3{margin:0rem;}}.css-iapka3:after{margin:0 0 0 0.625rem;margin-right:0rem;}.css-iapka3:before{margin:0 0.625rem 0 0;margin-left:0rem;}.css-iapka3:before,.css-iapka3:after{background-color:#E5E5E5;color:inherit;content:"";-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;height:0.0625rem;position:relative;top:1rem;}.css-iapka3 a{color:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-iapka3 a:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}.css-1njatnj{min-width:18.75rem;text-align:center;z-index:2000000;position:relative;margin:0rem;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){.css-1njatnj{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:calc(var(--mobile-sticky-header-height, 0px) + var(--sticky-secondary-header-height, 0px));padding-bottom:0.9375rem;}}@media(min-width: 73.75rem){.css-1njatnj{margin:0 calc((100vw - 75rem) / -2);}}.css-1xen7u9{position:relative;padding-top:1.875rem;padding-bottom:1.875rem;background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-roboto,FreightSansW01-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-1xen7u9{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-1xen7u9{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1xen7u9{margin-right:var(--sponsor-panel-width, auto);}}@media print{.css-1xen7u9{display:none;}}body:has(#page-settings[data-has-sponsor]) .css-1xen7u9{margin-top:25vh;top:-25vh;}@media(min-width: 64rem){body:has(#page-settings[data-has-sponsor]) .css-1xen7u9{margin-top:auto;top:auto;}}.css-1ss7lvu{padding:0 0.938rem;margin:0 auto;max-width:75rem;}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-1ss7lvu{padding:0 2.5rem;}}.css-iz4391{display:grid;grid-gap:0.5rem;grid-template-rows:1fr 1fr;line-height:1;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-iz4391{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;grid-gap:10%;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;grid-template-rows:1fr;}}.css-u8l08y{display:block;fill:#000000;max-height:1.4375rem;width:8.5rem;}.css-6uae8g{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:grid;margin-left:-1.25rem;grid-auto-columns:minmax(3rem, 3rem);grid-auto-flow:column;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-6uae8g{margin-left:0rem;}}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-6uae8g{top:2.5rem;}}.css-70qvj9{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}.css-n9en60{padding:0.8125rem 1rem;}.css-jmxdxt{height:1.063rem;width:1.063rem;}.css-jmxdxt path{fill:#ffffff;}.css-kzigki{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, 1fr);margin-top:0.5rem;margin-bottom:0.875rem;}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-kzigki{grid-template-columns:repeat(4, 1fr);}}.css-1vc4yu1{padding:0.6rem 0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-1vc4yu1{-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-1vc4yu1:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}}.css-15si9rg{max-width:12rem;padding-bottom:0.3125rem;}.css-j307y1{padding-top:0.9375rem;margin:0.3125rem 0;}.css-i7117i{padding-top:0.9375rem;margin:0.3125rem 0;line-height:1.4;}.css-i7117i span{display:block;margin-top:1rem;}.css-lqx6q4{padding-top:0.9375rem;line-height:2;}.css-r7fsoq{padding:0.625rem 0.625rem 0.625rem 0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;padding-right:1.25rem;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-r7fsoq{-webkit-transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:color 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-r7fsoq:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}}.css-5tjtfu{display:inline-block;margin:1.875rem 0.9375rem 1.25rem 0;}.css-7h8yxh{display:inline-block;gap:0px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;border:0.0625rem solid black;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-upcase-roboto,FreightSansW01-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.4;padding:0.625rem;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-7h8yxh{text-align:left;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-7h8yxh{text-align:center;}}.css-7h8yxh:hover{background-color:#D4D4D4;color:#000;}.css-bgacgs{display:inline-block;gap:0px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;border:0.0625rem solid black;font-family:FreightSansW01,FreightSansW01-upcase-roboto,FreightSansW01-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.4;padding:0.625rem;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-bgacgs{text-align:left;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-bgacgs{text-align:center;}}.css-bgacgs:hover{background-color:#D4D4D4;color:#000;}.css-1wohilq{position:fixed;bottom:0;width:100%;z-index:10000000;background-color:#E5E5E5;color:#000000;text-align:center;}@media(min-width: 61.25rem){.css-1wohilq{display:none;}}.css-6bu6ey{min-width:18.75rem;text-align:center;z-index:2000000;position:relative;}.css-1o9hvj{visibility:hidden;position:absolute;right:0.625rem;bottom:auto;top:-0.7rem;padding:0rem;margin:0rem;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;z-index:2000000;box-sizing:content-box;width:1.4rem;height:1.4rem;border:2px solid white;border-radius:1em;color:#000000;text-overflow:clip;cursor:pointer;background-color:#000000;box-shadow:1px 1px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.2);}.css-1o9hvj::before{display:inline-block;box-sizing:content-box;width:0.75rem;height:0.1rem;position:absolute;content:"";border:none;color:#000000;text-overflow:clip;background-color:#ffffff;text-shadow:none;inset:0;margin:auto;-webkit-transform:rotateZ(45deg);-moz-transform:rotateZ(45deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(45deg);transform:rotateZ(45deg);}.css-1o9hvj::after{display:inline-block;box-sizing:content-box;width:0.75rem;height:0.1rem;position:absolute;content:"";border:none;color:#000000;text-overflow:clip;background-color:#ffffff;text-shadow:none;inset:0;margin:auto;-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-45deg);-moz-transform:rotateZ(-45deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-45deg);transform:rotateZ(-45deg);}.css-1eul6ev{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;font-family:Inter,Inter-roboto,Inter-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;background-color:#1c6a65;color:#fff;min-width:unset;margin:auto;bottom:0px;width:100%;box-shadow:0 -5px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.2),0 -10px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.12),0 -20px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.14);border-top:0;z-index:14000001;}@media(min-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 100rem){.css-1eul6ev{padding:24px max(16px, 50% - 1200px / 2);}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-1eul6ev{-webkit-flex-direction:row-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-1eul6ev{padding-top:40px;padding-bottom:40px;}}.css-1eul6ev [data-theme-key='button-primary']:hover{background-color:transparent;color:#fff;}</style></head><body><template id="page-settings" data-nav-height="111"></template><div id="__next"><section data-lazy-id="P0-4"><nav id="sidepanel" role="dialog" aria-label="Sidebar Menu" class="new-sidepanel-menu hidden css-147r868 e13srmb716"><div data-focus-lock-disabled="disabled"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/search/" class="css-1kkonqv e1c1bym14"><img src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/search.f1c199c.svg" alt="Search" title="Search" width="16" height="16" decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="css-15v62ch e13srmb70"/><span class="css-jk5e33 e13srmb715">Search</span></a><button data-theme-key="button-primary" aria-label="Close Sidepanel" class="css-89kcrn e12nq69g1"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/close.38e3324.svg?primary=%2523595959" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="auto" width="auto" alt="Close" role="img" title="Close" class="css-hqvv6v e13srmb714"/></button><hr class="css-xwjhf9 e13srmb713"/><ul class="css-28g8cx e13srmb712"><li data-id="1" class="nav-item has-children has-submenu submenu-closed css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/about/a40180523/pop-mech-pro-membership-news-benefits/" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Pop Mech Pro</a><button role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="popmechpro" aria-label="Pop Mech Pro" class="css-pjjyzu e13srmb78"></button></li><li data-id="2" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://shop.popularmechanics.com/popular-mechanics-all-access-2.html?cds_tracking_code=poppanelnav" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Subscribe</a></li><li data-id="3" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/home/" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Home and DIY</a></li><li data-id="4" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/home/tools/" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Power Tools</a></li><li data-id="5" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/cars/" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Cars</a></li><li data-id="6" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/technology/" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Technology</a></li><li data-id="7" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/military/" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Military</a></li><li data-id="8" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/science/" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Science</a></li><li data-id="9" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="/adventure/" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Adventure</a></li><li data-id="10" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/culture/" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Sci-Fi</a></li><li data-id="11" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/flight/" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Airplanes</a></li><li data-id="12" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/space/" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Space</a></li><li data-id="13" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/holiday-gift-guide/" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Gifts</a></li><li data-id="14" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/sales-and-deals/" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Deals</a></li><li data-id="15" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/interactive/stories/" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Visual Stories</a></li><li data-id="16" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/promotions/" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Promotions</a></li><li data-id="17" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://shop.popularmechanics.com/?source=pop_hamburger" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Shop</a></li><li data-id="18" class="nav-item has-children has-submenu submenu-closed css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="#follow" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Follow</a><button role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="follow" aria-label="Follow" class="css-pjjyzu e13srmb78"></button></li><li data-id="19" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://popularmechanics.com/email/popularmechanics-newsletter" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">Get Our Newsletter</a></li><li data-id="20" class="nav-item css-1fqyieb e13srmb710"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/my-stuff/" class="css-cv3h5u e1c1bym14">My Bookmarks</a></li></ul><div class="css-bbrknr e13srmb74"></div><footer class="sidepanel-footer-container css-sfww4i e13srmb73"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice" class="css-14tvk8l e1c1bym14">Privacy Notice</a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-terms-of-use" class="css-14tvk8l e1c1bym14">Terms Of Use</a></footer></div></nav></section><span tabindex="0"></span><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="#main-content" class="ez54tv90 css-1joeej0 e1c1bym14">Skip to Content</a><nav data-tracking-id="topNav" class="css-ysfips e1rbq3om6"><div class="nav-bar-container css-40dj9l e1rbq3om5"><button data-theme-key="button-primary" aria-label="Sidepanel Button" title="Side Panel" class="css-1oe3s6a e12nq69g1"><svg data-dynamic-svg="true"><use href="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/menu.cf1782e.svg?embed#icon"></use></svg></button><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/" aria-label="Popular Mechanics" class="nav-logo css-oaptaw e1c1bym14"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/popularmechanics/static/images/logos/logo.a957255.svg?primary=%25231c6a65" fetchPriority="high" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="auto" width="auto" alt="Logo" class="css-0 e1qdlatq0"/></a><div style="scrollbar-width:none;margin-right:0.5rem;" data-lazy-id="P0-5" class="css-1m67141 e1rbq3om2"><ul class="css-tpkp71 e1rbq3om1"><li class="css-1eo7dsn e1rbq3om0"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/home/" aria-current="false" class="e1c1bym11 css-1fkzqk5 e1c1bym14">Home</a></li><li class="css-1eo7dsn e1rbq3om0"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/news/" aria-current="false" class="e1c1bym11 css-1fkzqk5 e1c1bym14">Latest Stories</a></li><li class="css-1eo7dsn e1rbq3om0"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/science/" aria-current="false" class="e1c1bym11 css-1fkzqk5 e1c1bym14">Science</a></li><li class="css-1eo7dsn e1rbq3om0"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/military/" aria-current="false" class="e1c1bym11 css-1fkzqk5 e1c1bym14">Military</a></li><li class="css-1eo7dsn e1rbq3om0"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/about/a40180523/pop-mech-pro-membership-news-benefits/" aria-current="false" class="e1c1bym11 css-1fkzqk5 e1c1bym14">Pop Mech Pro</a></li><li class="css-1eo7dsn e1rbq3om0"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/technology/" aria-current="false" class="e1c1bym11 css-1fkzqk5 e1c1bym14">New Tech</a></li></ul></div><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://shop.popularmechanics.com/popular-mechanics-all-access-2.html?cds_tracking_code=poptopnav" class="css-vloapc e1c1bym14">Subscribe</a><div class="css-1ba3ot6 eqsjh7f1"><a rel="nofollow" data-theme-key="base-link" href="/auth/csrf?action=login&amp;return_url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63027645/chimpanzee-culture/" class="css-w8pyk9 e1c1bym14"><span class="css-yykj2s eqsjh7f2">sign in</span></a></div><button data-theme-key="button-primary" role="button" aria-label="search" aria-expanded="false" class="e1s66evm4 css-yexo34 e12nq69g1"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/search.f1c199c.svg?primary=%25231c6a65" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="16" width="16" alt="Search" class="css-mez99v e1s66evm3"/></button><div role="search" class="css-fw03o6 e1s66evm5"><form action="#" class="css-j7qwjs e1s66evm1"><div data-theme-key="form-input-container" class="css-1ylu0bo e1h8blpf3"><label id="icon-input-label" for="icon-input" data-theme-key="form-input-label" class="css-1ah1aoi e1r3ljm51">Search</label><div data-theme-key="form-input-wrapper" class="css-r2peg6 e1h8blpf2"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/search.f1c199c.svg?primary=%25231c6a65" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="16" width="16" alt="Search" role="button" tabindex="0" class="css-24rk8n e1s66evm2"/><input id="icon-input" type="search" name="icon" placeholder="Search..." value aria-labelledby="icon-input-label" aria-invalid="false" aria-required="false" data-theme-key="form-input-field" role="search" aria-label="search" class="e1s66evm6 css-4j77j3 e1h8blpf1"/></div></div></form></div><div class="css-z6vn14 e1s66evm0"></div></div></nav><div class="css-1cd8suq ex7z30p0"></div><div id="journey-topnav" class="css-1y3x20e ei7rc5z0"></div><div class="oop-ad css-0 e7hrg971"><div id="gpt-ad-oop-1" class="ad-container css-0 e7hrg970"></div></div><main id="main-content" class="css-rk6tbh ewq0ot90"><section data-lazy-id="P0-7"><div data-theme-key="skip-to-section-link-nav-container" class="no-print css-oqy6ua e1go836y1"><nav data-theme-key="skip-to-section-link-anchor" class="css-4d6vc7 e1go836y0"><nav><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="//www.popularmechanics.com/home/tools/g38515483/best-garage-heaters/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Top Touts" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Best Garage Heaters" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="//www.popularmechanics.com/home/tools/g38515483/best-garage-heaters/" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">Best Garage Heaters</a></nav><nav><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="//www.popularmechanics.com/science/archaeology/a63707441/ancient-bead-collection-spain/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Top Touts" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Ancient Bead Collection" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="//www.popularmechanics.com/science/archaeology/a63707441/ancient-bead-collection-spain/" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">Ancient Bead Collection</a></nav><nav><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="//www.popularmechanics.com/science/green-tech/a63757154/aluminum-production-nanofiltration/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Top Touts" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Sustainable Aluminum" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="//www.popularmechanics.com/science/green-tech/a63757154/aluminum-production-nanofiltration/" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">Sustainable Aluminum</a></nav><nav><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="//www.popularmechanics.com/home/tools/a28577924/work-boots/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Top Touts" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Best Work Boots" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="//www.popularmechanics.com/home/tools/a28577924/work-boots/" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">Best Work Boots</a></nav><nav><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="//www.popularmechanics.com/science/a63704946/how-to-stay-warm-with-no-power/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Top Touts" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Stay Warm Without Power" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="//www.popularmechanics.com/science/a63704946/how-to-stay-warm-with-no-power/" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">Stay Warm Without Power</a></nav></nav></div></section><div id="gpt-leaderboard-ad" class="css-1cjybzt ewg5wdb1"></div><header class="css-b0nc2u e1f1sunr9"><section data-lazy-id="P0-8"><div class="css-1lr08az ejvijei0"><div class="css-ig50jk e1f1sunr2"><nav aria-label="breadcrumbs" data-lazy-parent="P0-8" class="css-0 e3morl63"><ol itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="css-35qmw7 e3morl62"><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="css-zxq36b e3morl61"><a data-theme-key="base-link" itemprop="item" href="/science/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Breadcrumbs" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Science" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/" class="e3morl60 css-10e6ywj e1c1bym14"><span itemprop="name">Science</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"/></li><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="css-zxq36b e3morl61"><a data-theme-key="base-link" itemprop="item" href="/science/animals/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Breadcrumbs" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Animals" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/" class="e3morl60 css-10e6ywj e1c1bym14"><span itemprop="name">Animals</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"/></li><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="css-huh8md e3morl61"><a data-theme-key="base-link" itemprop="item" href="/science/animals/a63027645/chimpanzee-culture/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Breadcrumbs" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="A Genetic Time Machine Is Responsible for Chimps Evolving Like Humans" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63027645/chimpanzee-culture/" class="e3morl60 css-10e6ywj e1c1bym14"><span itemprop="name">A Genetic Time Machine Is Responsible for Chimps Evolving Like Humans</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="3"/></li></ol></nav><h1 class="css-1uosn6 e1f1sunr8"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span>A Genetic Time Machine Is Responsible for Chimps Evolving Like Humans<span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></h1><div class="css-bv2wf6 e1f1sunr6"><p>Scientists piece together genetic links between chimpanzee groups over thousands of years and discovered a surprisingly complex connection.</p></div><div class="css-xwje0o e1f1sunr5"><address class="css-hqq2rs e1v8cotw2"><span data-theme-key="by-line-name" class="css-flry6y e1v8cotw1">By <a data-theme-key="popover-trigger" title="Darren Orf" alt href="/author/2793/darren-orf/" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog" class="er6ohko0 e1puv02z1 css-hdxuqr e1c1bym14">Darren Orf</a></span><time class="css-13e0tm1 e1f1sunr4">Published: Dec 03, 2024 8:00 AM EST</time></address></div><div class="no-print css-17mvcka e1f1sunr11"><div class="css-18jz25a e1f1sunr10"><button data-theme-key="button-primary" data-vars-ga-name="recipe-save-button" data-vars-ga-recipe-button-state="recipe_save" class="contentSaveButton css-iqq7vh e12nq69g1"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/saved.ad81f1a.svg?primary=%2523ffffff" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="24" width="24" alt="bookmarks" class="css-1exgad7 eah8dyz2"/>Save Article</button></div></div></div></div></section></header><div data-journey-hide="true" class="css-k008qs et2g3wt0"><div class="standard-container content-container article-container css-1q1kaac et2g3wt3"><div class="content-lead css-1f8o566 et2g3wt5"><div data-journey-blur="true" class="content-lead-image css-sm2oir e17huqc62"><div class="css-96439d e17huqc61"><picture class="css-1oxikel e1i0vlu30"><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg?resize=1200:*" media="(min-width: 73.75rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg?resize=1024:*" media="(min-width: 64rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg?crop=0.66682xw:1xh;center,top&amp;resize=980:*" media="(min-width: 48rem)"/><source srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg?crop=0.66682xw:1xh;center,top&amp;resize=640:*" media="(max-width: 48rem)"/><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg?crop=0.66682xw:1xh;center,top&amp;resize=640:*" alt="evolution" title="Evolution" width="2125" height="1417" decoding="async" fetchPriority="high" sizes="100vw"/></picture></div><section data-lazy-id="P0-9"><figcaption data-theme-key="photo-credit-figcaption-lead-image" class="css-285vyd e1g9hcy40"><span data-theme-key="photo-credit-creditor" class="css-tkbvme e1geg53v2">p.folk / photography</span><span class="css-k40l41 e1geg53v0">//</span><span class="css-tkbvme e1geg53v1">Getty Images</span></figcaption></section></div></div><div data-journey-body="standard-article" class="article-body-content article-body standard-body-content css-j4k1z9 et2g3wt6"><ul data-node-id="0" class="css-9b1pbo emevuu60"><li>Humans are known for their ability to create sophisticated cultures, but chimpanzees display some of the same ability as well.</li><li>A new study from the University of Zurich uses markers of genetic similarity, or what they call a “genetic time machine,” to analyze chimpanzee populations and tool-use culture over thousands of years. </li><li>They discovered that migrating females often introduced cultural advancements into a new population, which then improved on the advancement to produce complex tool use.</li></ul><hr data-node-id="1" class="css-18pb4rg emevuu60"/><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="2" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Culture is a concept often associated with the smartest Great Ape of them all (us humans), but this idea isn’t exclusive to the eight billion members of the species. Many other animals, including primates, exhibit various cultures within their distinctive populations. For <a href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a20759120/science-says-your-bed-is-dirtier-than-a-chimpanzees/" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a20759120/science-says-your-bed-is-dirtier-than-a-chimpanzees/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="chimpanzees" class="body-link css-1kk1geb emevuu60">chimpanzees</a>—humanity’s closest cousin along with bonobos—this culture manifests in the myriad ways these apes manipulate tools. </p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="3" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Some of these tools are relatively simple, such as using leaves to sponge up water from a tree hole, while others rely on <a href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/g39714258/animals-using-tools/" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/g39714258/animals-using-tools/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="a whole set of tools" class="body-link css-1kk1geb emevuu60">a whole set of tools</a> to accomplish complicated tasks. Because of <a href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a34690565/scientists-splice-human-genes-into-monkey-brains/" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a34690565/scientists-splice-human-genes-into-monkey-brains/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="humanity’s ability to build on knowledge" class="body-link css-1kk1geb emevuu60">humanity’s ability to build on knowledge</a> over time, our species has developed immensely diverse cultures, but studies of chimps in the wild shows that this incredible skill isn’t exclusive to humans. </p><section data-embed="editorial-link" data-lazy-id="P0-10" data-node-id="4" class="embed"><aside class="css-1fm2v8u e94w1mj9"><h6 class="css-q4cr9k e94w1mj7"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span class="css-8lle59 e94w1mj5">Related Story</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-1nufxsc eagam8p1"></span></h6><ul class="css-c4s2gi e94w1mj8"><li class="css-2t9pp3 e94w1mj6"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/science/animals/a61076723/tiny-hominid-discovery-human-evolutionary-impact/" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="This Hominid Could be the Smallest Great Ape Ever" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Editorial Links" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a61076723/tiny-hominid-discovery-human-evolutionary-impact/" class="css-1bn7a5e e1c1bym14"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/monkey-sunset-royalty-free-image-1718299405.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.769xh;0,0.155xh&amp;resize=300:*" alt title="Monkey + sunset" width="120" height="100%" decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="css-1l0uuk1 e94w1mj4"/><span class="css-8lle59 e94w1mj5">This Hominid Could be the Smallest Great Ape Ever</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></a></li></ul></aside></section><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="5" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">A new study from scientists at the University of Zurich (UZH) analyzed markers of <a href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a35884787/humans-share-genes-with-weird-headless-creatures/" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a35884787/humans-share-genes-with-weird-headless-creatures/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="genetic similarity" class="body-link css-1kk1geb emevuu60">genetic similarity</a>, as well as foraging habits, across 35 disparate chimpanzee study sites. Using what they call a “genetic time machine” linking chimpanzee populations over thousands of years, they found that complex tool use could be found in even distant populations. The results of the study were published <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk3381" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk3381" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="in the journal Science" class="body-link css-1kk1geb emevuu60">in the journal <em>Science</em></a>. </p><section data-embed="watch-next" data-lazy-id="P0-11" data-node-id="6" class="embed"></section><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="7" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">“As an example of such a toolset, chimpanzees in the Congo region first use a strong stick to dig a deep tunnel through hard soil to reach an underground termite nest,” UZH’s Cassandra Gunasekaram, lead author of the study, <a href="https://www.news.uzh.ch/en/articles/media/2024/chimpanzee-culture.html" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.news.uzh.ch/en/articles/media/2024/chimpanzee-culture.html" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="said in a press statement" class="body-link css-1kk1geb emevuu60">said in a press statement</a>. “Next, they make a ‘fishing’ probe by pulling a long plant stem through their teeth to form a brush-like tip, pressing it into a point and deftly threading it down the tunnel they’ve made. They then pull it out and nibble off any defending termites that have bitten into it.”</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="8" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">Gunasekaram and her team organized behaviors into three groups: <a href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/health/a9084/the-brain-science-behind-our-obsession-with-tools-15549633/" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/health/a9084/the-brain-science-behind-our-obsession-with-tools-15549633/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="no tools, simple tools, and complex tools" class="body-link css-1kk1geb emevuu60">no tools, simple tools, and complex tools</a> such as the fishing probe. In chimpanzee communities, sexually maturing females leave their social groups to find another community, an evolutionary trait that helps avoid inbreeding. Apart from adding diverse genes to a new community, the study found that female chimpanzees also provided advancements in culture when they arrived in their new communities. </p><section data-embed="editorial-link" data-lazy-id="P0-12" data-node-id="9" class="embed"><aside class="css-1fm2v8u e94w1mj9"><h6 class="css-q4cr9k e94w1mj7"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span class="css-8lle59 e94w1mj5">Related Story</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-1nufxsc eagam8p1"></span></h6><ul class="css-c4s2gi e94w1mj8"><li class="css-2t9pp3 e94w1mj6"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/science/animals/a61156982/y-chromosome-evolution-great-apes-study/" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Y Chromosome Is Evolving Rapidly Among Great Apes" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Editorial Links" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a61156982/y-chromosome-evolution-great-apes-study/" class="css-1bn7a5e e1c1bym14"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/and-y-chromosomes-in-cell-royalty-free-image-1718741582.jpg?crop=1xw:0.86806xh;center,top&amp;resize=300:*" alt title="X and Y chromosomes in cell" width="120" height="100%" decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="css-1l0uuk1 e94w1mj4"/><span class="css-8lle59 e94w1mj5">Y Chromosome Is Evolving Rapidly Among Great Apes</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></a></li></ul></aside></section><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="10" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">“We made the surprising discovery that it is the most complex chimpanzee technologies – the use of entire ‘toolsets’ – that are most strongly linked across now distant populations,” UZH evolutionary anthropologist Andrea Migliano, a co-author of the study, said in a press statement. “This is exactly what would be predicted if these more advanced technologies were rarely invented and even less likely to be reinvented, and therefore more likely to have been transmitted between groups.”</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="11" class="css-auya5i emevuu60">The researchers suggest that developing this cultural complexity likely took place in steps, first with transmission between populations via female migrations and then implementing incremental changes until repurposing technologies altogether. Because this kind of cumulative culture is a feature of hominids broadly, researching this phenomenon in the context of one of humanity’s closest living relatives could give insight into the lives of past human ancestors as well as our current cousins. </p><div data-journey-blur="partial" data-ad-exclude="true" class="css-19m4yzp e1jy25xv0"><div class="css-sfzxfp ev8dhu59"><span class="css-3mrz81 ev8dhu51"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/rover/profile_photos/e9b7a87b-359a-4fff-859b-ab9cf5e31c5b_1565789938.file?fill=1:1&amp;resize=120:*" alt="Headshot of Darren Orf" title="Headshot of Darren Orf" width="100%" height="100%" decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="css-o0wq4v ev8dhu53"/></span><div class="css-gorqpr ev8dhu58"><span class="css-0 ev8dhu56"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/author/2793/darren-orf/" class="e1c1bym13 css-19mb619 e1c1bym14"><span>Darren Orf</span></a></span><div class="css-v8io4q ev8dhu57">Contributing Editor</div></div><div class="css-1dsojn8 ev8dhu55"><div class="css-1pt1ks2 ev8dhu54"><p>Darren lives in Portland, has a cat, and writes/edits about sci-fi and how our world works. You can find his previous stuff at Gizmodo and Paste if you look hard enough.&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div data-ad-exclude="true" id="journey-inline" class="css-ciejky e1ye6jr30"></div></div></div></div><section data-lazy-id="P0-14"><div data-embed="watch-next" class="css-es6uyf e1a8voem5"><div data-journey-blur="partial" class="css-14vh9p e1a8voem4"><div class="css-1sowyjy e1a8voem3"><span class="css-gr806t e1a8voem2"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span class="css-0 e1a8voem1">Watch Next</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></span><span class="css-1hxxve0 e1a8voem0"> </span></div><div class="__resp-container css-1ui7hop e6inl0f0"><div data-position="13" data-dock="false" data-disable-ads="false" data-muted="true" data-sticky="true" data-mobile-controls-on-desktop="false" class="video-player css-guxj2g e1hzgkwu0"><div class="video-player-wrapper"><video playsinline></video></div><div class="css-1d3dqod e7hrar04"><button data-theme-key="video-play-icon-button" aria-label="Play Video" class="css-19szzr8 e7hrar00"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/play.db7c035.svg?primary=%2523ffffff" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="24" width="24" alt="Play Icon" role="img" title="Play" class="css-ovd4yx e7hrar01"/></button><img alt="preview for Popular Mechanics All Sections" title="Video player poster image" loading="lazy" width="2000" height="1000" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;" sizes="100vw" srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/images/visible-light-astronomy-thumbnail-tv-v1-679a7b4f6f703.jpg?crop=0.9987160493827162xw:1xh;center,top&amp;resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/images/visible-light-astronomy-thumbnail-tv-v1-679a7b4f6f703.jpg?crop=0.9987160493827162xw:1xh;center,top&amp;resize=980:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/images/visible-light-astronomy-thumbnail-tv-v1-679a7b4f6f703.jpg?crop=0.9987160493827162xw:1xh;center,top&amp;resize=1200:* 1120w" src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/images/visible-light-astronomy-thumbnail-tv-v1-679a7b4f6f703.jpg?crop=0.9987160493827162xw:1xh;center,top&amp;resize=1200:*" class="e7hrar03 css-g939jb e1g79fud0"/></div></div></div></div></div></section><div data-journey-hide="true" class="css-izijhn e1spmc110"><div class="ad-disclaimer no-print css-fc4i0y e1caqep90">Advertisement - Continue Reading Below</div><div id="article-marketplace-horizontal" class="e164mmay0 css-eg51ek ewg5wdb1"></div></div><div id="module-recommended" data-journey-hide="true" class="recommended-module css-bnk019 epwqfrm0"></div><div data-block="transporter" data-journey-hide="true" data-lazy-id="P0-15" class="css-15qxeah e9dgbgx0"><section class="css-1te3x1x ezpcz1b0"><div data-theme-key="block-header" class="css-jpd7l1 eqz7u0o2"><h2 data-theme-key="block-heading" class="css-pztnhl eqz7u0o1"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-8psjmo eagam8p0"></span><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/science/animals/" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">Animals</a><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-v6ym3h eagam8p1"></span></h2></div><div data-theme-key="four-across-layout" class="css-oh4jj4 ezpcz1b1"><a data-theme-key="custom-item" label data-vars-cta="Animals" data-vars-ga-position="1" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Scientists Revive 24,000-Year-Old Zombies" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63956140/scientists-revive-ancient-frozen-organisms/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" href="/science/animals/a63956140/scientists-revive-ancient-frozen-organisms/" class="ee4ms352 css-1objo0p e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/screen-shot-2021-06-28-at-8-52-14-am-1624884789.png?crop=0.732xw:1.00xh;0.135xw,0&amp;resize=360:*" alt="bdelloid rotifer" title="bdelloid rotifer" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-12yzjn0 ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1u6xkms e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-s09mqe e10ip9lg5">Scientists Revive 24,000-Year-Old Zombies</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" label data-vars-cta="Animals" data-vars-ga-position="2" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Scientists Uncover Skull of Ancient Hypercarnivore" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63843640/hypercarnivore-skull/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" href="/science/animals/a63843640/hypercarnivore-skull/" class="ee4ms352 css-1objo0p e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/brown-hyaena-skull-showing-large-canine-and-incisor-royalty-free-image-1740002269.pjpeg?crop=0.678xw:1.00xh;0.162xw,0&amp;resize=360:*" alt="brown hyaena skull showing large canine and incisor teeth adapted to tearing flesh and breaking bones hyaena brunnea" title="BROWN HYAENA SKULL SHOWING LARGE CANINE AND INCISOR TEETH ADAPTED TO TEARING FLESH AND BREAKING BONES. HYAENA BRUNNEA." width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-12yzjn0 ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1u6xkms e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-s09mqe e10ip9lg5">Scientists Uncover Skull of Ancient Hypercarnivore</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" label data-vars-cta="Animals" data-vars-ga-position="3" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="These Yellowstone Microbes Show How Life Evolved" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63775723/yellowstone-microbes-great-oxidation-event/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" href="/science/animals/a63775723/yellowstone-microbes-great-oxidation-event/" class="ee4ms352 css-1objo0p e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/grand-prismatic-spring-yellowstones-largest-hot-spring-is-news-photo-1739483779.pjpeg?crop=0.6582xw:1xh;center,top&amp;resize=360:*" alt="general news bucket event 2024" title="General News Bucket Event - 2024" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-12yzjn0 ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1u6xkms e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-s09mqe e10ip9lg5">These Yellowstone Microbes Show How Life Evolved</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" label data-vars-cta="Animals" data-vars-ga-position="4" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="The Oldest-Known Bird Was Buried in Antarctic Ice" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63728690/vagavis-iaai-oldest-bird-antarctica/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" href="/science/animals/a63728690/vagavis-iaai-oldest-bird-antarctica/" class="ee4ms352 css-1objo0p e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/low-res-vegavis-landscape-c-witton-2025-67aa68d8a501e.jpg?crop=0.6257142857142857xw:1xh;center,top&amp;resize=360:*" alt="a prehistoric underwater scene with various aquatic creatures" title="a prehistoric underwater scene with various aquatic creatures" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-12yzjn0 ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1u6xkms e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-s09mqe e10ip9lg5">The Oldest-Known Bird Was Buried in Antarctic Ice</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a></div><div class="css-3jhp4l e19qkiag2"><div class="ad-disclaimer no-print css-adjuoj e1caqep90">Advertisement - Continue Reading Below</div><div id="gpt-ad-vertical-bottom" class="ad-container css-hjtg88 ewg5wdb1"></div></div></section><section class="css-1delma7 ezpcz1b0"><div data-theme-key="four-across-layout" class="css-taukg1 ezpcz1b1"><a data-theme-key="custom-item" label data-vars-cta="4 Across Block 0" data-vars-ga-position="1" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="This Life Form Is in an Evolutionary Time Loop" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63496939/mendota-lake-evolution/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" href="/science/animals/a63496939/mendota-lake-evolution/" class="ee4ms352 css-1objo0p e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/infinity-concept-in-purple-and-yellow-royalty-free-image-1737669721.pjpeg?crop=0.649xw:1.00xh;0.176xw,0&amp;resize=360:*" alt="infinity concept in purple and yellow" title="Infinity concept in purple and yellow" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-12yzjn0 ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1u6xkms e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-s09mqe e10ip9lg5">This Life Form Is in an Evolutionary Time Loop</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" label data-vars-cta="4 Across Block 1" data-vars-ga-position="2" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Chernobyl’s Dogs May Not Be Mutating After All" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63385482/chernobyl-dogs-radiation-mutation/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" href="/science/animals/a63385482/chernobyl-dogs-radiation-mutation/" class="ee4ms352 css-1objo0p e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/old-abandoned-house-in-the-ghost-town-of-pripyat-royalty-free-image-1737064386.pjpeg?crop=0.636xw:1.00xh;0.183xw,0&amp;resize=360:*" alt="old abandoned house in the ghost town of pripyat, ukraine consequences of a nuclear explosion at the chernobyl nuclear power plant" title="Old abandoned house in the ghost town of Pripyat, Ukraine. Consequences of a nuclear explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-12yzjn0 ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1u6xkms e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-s09mqe e10ip9lg5">Chernobyl’s Dogs May Not Be Mutating After All</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" label data-vars-cta="4 Across Block 2" data-vars-ga-position="3" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Octopuses Just May Build the Next Civilization" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63184424/octopus-civilization/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" href="/science/animals/a63184424/octopus-civilization/" class="ee4ms352 css-1objo0p e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/close-up-of-crab-on-rock-royalty-free-image-1734111143.pjpeg?crop=0.670xw:1.00xh;0.173xw,0&amp;resize=360:*" alt="close up of pinkish octopus on rock" title="octopus civilization" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-12yzjn0 ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1u6xkms e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-s09mqe e10ip9lg5">Octopuses Just May Build the Next Civilization</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" label data-vars-cta="4 Across Block 3" data-vars-ga-position="4" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="A New Predator Emerged From the Deepest Ocean" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63163814/deep-ocean-crustacean-atacama-trench/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" href="/science/animals/a63163814/deep-ocean-crustacean-atacama-trench/" class="ee4ms352 css-1objo0p e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/large-school-of-white-tip-reef-sharks-that-patrol-royalty-free-image-1734040336.pjpeg?crop=0.6651xw:1xh;center,top&amp;resize=360:*" alt="large school of white tip reef sharks that patrol the coral reef at night to hunt in cocos island national park" title="Large school of white tip reef sharks that patrol the coral reef at night to hunt in Cocos Island National Park." width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-12yzjn0 ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1u6xkms e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-s09mqe e10ip9lg5">A New Predator Emerged From the Deepest Ocean</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a></div></section><section class="css-1delma7 ezpcz1b0"><div data-theme-key="four-across-layout" class="css-taukg1 ezpcz1b1"><a data-theme-key="custom-item" label data-vars-cta="4 Across Block 0" data-vars-ga-position="1" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Solving the Old Mystery of the Oceanic &quot;Quack&quot;" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63035072/bio-duck-minke-whale/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" href="/science/animals/a63035072/bio-duck-minke-whale/" class="ee4ms352 css-1objo0p e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/blue-light-bioluminescence-in-the-sea-at-night-royalty-free-image-1733177323.jpg?crop=0.668xw:1.00xh;0.167xw,0&amp;resize=360:*" alt="blue light bioluminescence in the sea at night" title="Blue light bioluminescence in the sea at night" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-12yzjn0 ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1u6xkms e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-s09mqe e10ip9lg5">Solving the Old Mystery of the Oceanic "Quack"</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" label data-vars-cta="4 Across Block 1" data-vars-ga-position="2" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Are Chernobyl Dogs Experiencing Rapid Evolution?" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63033076/chernobyl-dogs-dna-evolving/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" href="/science/animals/a63033076/chernobyl-dogs-dna-evolving/" class="ee4ms352 css-1objo0p e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/stray-dogs-hang-out-near-an-abandoned-partially-completed-news-photo-1680222975.jpg?crop=0.670xw:1.00xh;0.167xw,0&amp;resize=360:*" alt="the stray dogs of chernobyl" title="The Stray Dogs Of Chernobyl" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-12yzjn0 ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1u6xkms e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-s09mqe e10ip9lg5">Are Chernobyl Dogs Experiencing Rapid Evolution?</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" label data-vars-cta="4 Across Block 2" data-vars-ga-position="3" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Could Bat Blood Hold the Key to Human Hibernation?" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63011314/human-hibernation-bat-blood/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" href="/science/animals/a63011314/human-hibernation-bat-blood/" class="ee4ms352 css-1objo0p e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/floating-abstract-human-shapes-royalty-free-image-1732570489.jpg?crop=0.66698xw:1xh;center,top&amp;resize=360:*" alt="floating abstract human shapes" title="Floating abstract human shapes" width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-12yzjn0 ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1u6xkms e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-s09mqe e10ip9lg5">Could Bat Blood Hold the Key to Human Hibernation?</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a><a data-theme-key="custom-item" label data-vars-cta="4 Across Block 3" data-vars-ga-position="4" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="This Decade-Old Whale Carcass Still Supports Life" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63008068/whale-carcass-houses-animals-in-sea/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Transporter" href="/science/animals/a63008068/whale-carcass-houses-animals-in-sea/" class="ee4ms352 css-1objo0p e1c1bym14"><div class="css-ftsoqv ee4ms351"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/carcass-of-a-dead-southern-right-whale-calf-resting-royalty-free-image-1689190763.jpg?crop=0.670xw:1.00xh;0.197xw,0&amp;resize=360:*" alt="carcass of a dead southern right whale calf resting on the ocean floor, nuevo gulf, valdes peninsula, argentina" title="Carcass of a dead southern right whale calf resting on the ocean floor, Nuevo Gulf, Valdes Peninsula, Argentina." width="100%" height="auto" decoding="async" loading="lazy"/></div><div data-theme-key="custom-item-content" class="css-12yzjn0 ee4ms350"><p data-theme-key="custom-item-title" class="css-1u6xkms e10ip9lg6"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span data-theme-key="custom-item-title-text" class="css-s09mqe e10ip9lg5">This Decade-Old Whale Carcass Still Supports Life</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></p></div></a></div></section><div data-journey-unblur="true" class="gpt-breaker-container breaker-ad css-h7nhlk e1spmc110"><div class="ad-disclaimer no-print css-iapka3 e1caqep90">Advertisement - Continue Reading Below</div><div id="gpt-ad-leaderboard-bottom" class="ad-container css-1njatnj ewg5wdb1"></div></div></div></main><footer data-lazy-id="P0-16" class="footer css-1xen7u9 eqtscwt0"><div class="css-1ss7lvu eluqz9n10"><div class="css-iz4391 eluqz9n9"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/" aria-label="Popular Mechanics" class="css-u8l08y e1c1bym14"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/popularmechanics/static/images/logos/logo.a957255.svg?primary=%25231c6a65" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="auto" width="auto" alt="Logo" class="css-0 e1qdlatq0"/></a><div class="css-6uae8g eznjit40"><div class="css-70qvj9 eznjit44"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://x.com/PopMech" aria-label="x" class="css-n9en60 e1c1bym14"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/x.3361b6d.svg?primary=%2523000000&amp;id=social-button-icon" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="auto" width="auto" alt="x" class="css-jmxdxt eznjit42"/></a></div><div class="css-70qvj9 eznjit44"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@popularmechanics?lang=en" aria-label="tiktok" class="css-n9en60 e1c1bym14"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/tiktok.603c377.svg?primary=%2523000000&amp;id=social-button-icon" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="auto" width="auto" alt="tiktok" class="css-jmxdxt eznjit42"/></a></div><div class="css-70qvj9 eznjit44"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/popularmechanics?sub_confirmation=1" aria-label="youtube" class="css-n9en60 e1c1bym14"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/youtube.ce3e1ae.svg?primary=%2523000000&amp;id=social-button-icon" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="auto" width="auto" alt="youtube" class="css-jmxdxt eznjit42"/></a></div><div class="css-70qvj9 eznjit44"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/popularmechanics" aria-label="facebook" class="css-n9en60 e1c1bym14"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/facebook.a5a3a69.svg?primary=%2523000000&amp;id=social-button-icon" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="auto" width="auto" alt="facebook" class="css-jmxdxt eznjit42"/></a></div><div class="css-70qvj9 eznjit44"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.instagram.com/popularmechanics/" aria-label="instagram" class="css-n9en60 e1c1bym14"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/instagram.f282b14.svg?primary=%2523000000&amp;id=social-button-icon" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="auto" width="auto" alt="instagram" class="css-jmxdxt eznjit42"/></a></div><div class="css-70qvj9 eznjit44"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.pinterest.com/popmech/?auto_follow=1" aria-label="pinterest" class="css-n9en60 e1c1bym14"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/pinterest.e8cf655.svg?primary=%2523000000&amp;id=social-button-icon" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="auto" width="auto" alt="pinterest" class="css-jmxdxt eznjit42"/></a></div></div></div><nav data-track-type="footer-menu" role="navigation" aria-label="Footer" class="css-kzigki eluqz9n8"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/newsletter" class="css-1vc4yu1 e1c1bym14">Newsletter</a><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/about/a45/about-us/" class="css-1vc4yu1 e1c1bym14">About Us</a><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="http://www.popularmechanicsmediakit.com/r5/home.asp" class="css-1vc4yu1 e1c1bym14">Media Kit</a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="/about/a34246962/how-to-pitch-popular-mechanics/" class="css-1vc4yu1 e1c1bym14">Writer Guidelines</a><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="http://www.hearst.com/news" class="css-1vc4yu1 e1c1bym14">Press Room</a><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/about/a2922/contact-us/" class="css-1vc4yu1 e1c1bym14">Contact Us</a><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/about/a3024/community-guidelines/" class="css-1vc4yu1 e1c1bym14">Community Guidelines</a><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.advertising.hearstmagazines.com/brands/popular-mechanics" class="css-1vc4yu1 e1c1bym14">Advertise Online</a><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/service" class="css-1vc4yu1 e1c1bym14">Customer Service</a><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://shop.popularmechanics.com/popular-mechanics-all-access-2.html?cds_tracking_code=popfooter" class="css-1vc4yu1 e1c1bym14">Subscribe</a><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://w1.buysub.com/pubs/HR/A14/Hearst_Subscription_FAQs.jsp?cds_mag_code=A14&amp;cds_page_id=265990" class="css-1vc4yu1 e1c1bym14">Other Hearst Subscriptions</a></nav><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/popularmechanics/static/images/logos/network-logo.910b3ba.svg?primary=%2523ffffff" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="41" width="192" alt="Hearst Men's and Enthusiast Media Group - A Part of Hearst Digital Media" class="css-15si9rg eluqz9n7"/><p class="css-j307y1 eluqz9n6">A Part of Hearst Digital Media</p><p class="css-i7117i eluqz9n5">We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back.</p><p class="css-j307y1 eluqz9n3">©2025 Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved.</p><div data-track-type="legal-footer-menu" class="css-lqx6q4 eluqz9n2"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice" class="css-r7fsoq e1c1bym14">Privacy Notice</a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice#_ADDITIONAL_INFO" class="css-r7fsoq e1c1bym14">CA Notice at Collection</a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice#_ADDITIONAL_INFO" class="css-r7fsoq e1c1bym14">Your CA Privacy Rights/Shine the Light</a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice#_OPT_OUTS" class="css-r7fsoq e1c1bym14">DAA Industry Opt Out</a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-terms-of-use" class="css-r7fsoq e1c1bym14">Terms of Use</a><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/sitemap/" class="css-r7fsoq e1c1bym14">Site Map</a></div><div class="css-5tjtfu eluqz9n1"></div><div class="css-0 eluqz9n0"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="#" title="Cookies Choices" data-track-type="cookie-choices" class="ot-sdk-show-settings e1f7ykkd1 css-bgacgs e1c1bym14">Cookies Choices</a></div></div></footer><div class="mobile-adhesion-unit open css-1wohilq e1kh6tol1"><div id="adAdhesion" class="css-6bu6ey ewg5wdb0"></div><div aria-label="Close" class="mobile-adhesion-unit-close-button css-1o9hvj e1kh6tol0"></div></div><section data-lazy-id="P0-17"></section></div><div id="modal-root"></div><script id="__HRST_DATA__" type="application/json">{"datalayer":{"embeddedMedia":{"content_attribute":{"Top_Touts":{"0":"Best Work Boots -> //www.popularmechanics.com/home/tools/a28577924/work-boots/","1":"Ancient Bead Collection -> //www.popularmechanics.com/science/archaeology/a63707441/ancient-bead-collection-spain/","2":"Best Garage Heaters -> //www.popularmechanics.com/home/tools/g38515483/best-garage-heaters/","3":"Sustainable Aluminum -> //www.popularmechanics.com/science/green-tech/a63757154/aluminum-production-nanofiltration/","4":"Stay Warm Without Power -> //www.popularmechanics.com/science/a63704946/how-to-stay-warm-with-no-power/"},"paywall_off":1,"bullets":1}},"excludeFromPaywall":false,"contentPublishDate":1733230807.244,"contentSource":"Popular Mechanics"},"article":{"adCategory":{"name":"Technology","prefix":"technology"},"author":{"name":"Darren Orf","all":["Darren Orf"]},"collection":[],"contextualTags":{"contextIQ":["i_472","i_464","c_17","i_468","i_467","i_465"],"grapeshot":null,"hctx":["i_464","i_465","i_467","i_468","i_472"],"verity":{"iab":{"v1":[{"id":"IAB15-7","score":0.083,"category":"Space/Astronomy"},{"id":"IAB15-2","score":0.463,"category":"Biology"},{"id":"IAB15","score":0.108,"category":"Science"}],"v2":[{"id":"464","score":0.819,"category":"Science"},{"id":"465","score":0.463,"parent":{"id":"464","category":"Science"},"category":"Biological Sciences"},{"id":"468","score":0.298,"parent":{"id":"464","category":"Science"},"category":"Genetics"},{"id":"467","score":0.108,"parent":{"id":"464","category":"Science"},"category":"Environment"},{"id":"472","score":0.083,"parent":{"id":"464","category":"Science"},"category":"Space and Astronomy"}],"v3":[{"id":"464","score":0.819,"category":"Science"},{"id":"465","score":0.463,"parent":{"id":"464","category":"Science"},"category":"Biological Sciences"},{"id":"468","score":0.298,"parent":{"id":"464","category":"Science"},"category":"Genetics"},{"id":"467","score":0.108,"parent":{"id":"464","category":"Science"},"category":"Environment"},{"id":"472","score":0.083,"parent":{"id":"464","category":"Science"},"category":"Space and Astronomy"}]},"ner":[{"type":"location","value":"congo","sentimentScore":0.079,"sentimentValue":"neutral"},{"type":"organization","value":"uzh","sentimentScore":0.079,"sentimentValue":"neutral"},{"type":"organization","value":"gunasekaram","sentimentScore":0.089,"sentimentValue":"neutral"},{"type":"organization","value":"university of zurich","sentimentScore":0.082,"sentimentValue":"neutral"},{"type":"person","value":"cassandra gunasekaram","sentimentScore":0.079,"sentimentValue":"neutral"},{"type":"person","value":"andrea migliano","sentimentScore":0.681,"sentimentValue":"positive"},{"type":"miscellaneous","value":"science","sentimentScore":0.007,"sentimentValue":"neutral"},{"type":"miscellaneous","value":"great ape","sentimentScore":0.053,"sentimentValue":"neutral"}],"safe":true,"events":[],"threats":[],"keywords":["genetic time machine","new study","tool","culture","chimpanzee population","complex tool use","human","cultural advancement","ability","group","community","uzh","zurich","university","thousand"],"expiresAt":"2025-01-02T13:08:11.283Z","sentiments":[{"score":0.84,"sentiment":"neutral"},{"score":0.13,"sentiment":"positive"},{"score":0.03,"sentiment":"negative"}],"processedAt":"2024-12-03T13:08:11.283Z","languageCode":"en"}},"embeddedContent":{},"sourceName":"Hearst Editorial","tags":["news"],"themes":["News"],"title":"A Genetic Time Machine Is Responsible for Chimps Evolving Like Humans","type":"News","wordCount":572,"canonicalUrl":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63027645/chimpanzee-culture/","modifiedDate":{"year":"2024","month":"12","day":"03","hour":"13","minute":"00"},"publishDate":{"year":"2024","month":"12","day":"03","hour":"13","minute":"00"},"id":"popularmechanics.article.63027645","display":"standard-article","template":"article","hideAffiliates":false,"metadata":{"hideWatchNextPlayer":false},"noAffiliateUrl":false,"section":{"name":"Science","prefix":"science"},"subSection":{"name":"Animals","prefix":"animals"},"syndicateUrlOrigin":"//www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63027645/chimpanzee-culture/"},"commerce":{"flags":{"article":{"program_type":"1","auto_social":1,"hide_brands":null,"hide_vendors":null,"hide_from_homepage":null,"syndication_rights":"3","hide_affiliate_disclaimer":null},"subsection":{},"section":{"program_type":"1","show_editor_bios":1,"show_marquee_header":null},"site":{"commerce.magento.affiliate.enabled":true,"commerce.vader.render-afflinks-redirect":false,"commerce.self-hosted.affiliate.render-afflinks-redirect":false,"custom-feeds.sponsorship":false,"fre.commerce.affiliate.trackonomics":true,"fre.commerce.block-affiliate-tags":false,"fre.commerce.use-affiliate_url":true,"fre.enable-sponsored-content-to-content":false,"self-hosted.affiliate.enabled":true}},"cons":"Cons","pros":"Pros","affiliate":{"url":"https://assets.hearstapps.com/commerce/release/affiliate-bundle.master.js","amazon":{"market":"HMG-US","default":{"sem":"pop-lift-20","tag":"popularmechanics_auto-append-20","icxId":"10060","social":"pop-soc-lift-20"}},"skimlinks":{"market":"HMG-US","default":{"url":"//s.skimresources.com/js/74968X1525083.skimlinks.js"}},"trackonomics":{"cipd2":"pop"}},"hasProduct":false},"contentId":"6c7a3c6d-827f-4f5e-a1bf-ed2289fe71ce","site":{"cds-paywall":true,"icxSiteId":"10060","jam-journey-enabled":true,"jam-journey-modals-enabled":true,"jam-journey-meters-enabled":true,"jam-journey-registration-modals-enabled":false,"name":"Popular Mechanics","new-nav":true,"piano-paywall":false,"prefix":"popular mechanics","sso":true,"video":{"gaVideoDiagTracking":"false","gaVideoBrandName":"Popular Mechanics","icxVideoDomainId":"7214"}},"flags":{"custom-feeds.image-block":1,"fre.commerce.affiliate.trackonomics":1,"fre.location-choice.display-generic-title":1,"custom-feeds.getty-collection-images":1,"retailer.site.specific-ecpc":1,"top-pathing":1,"content-editor.toggles.paywall":1,"enable-microsoft-quick-auth":1,"gallery-display-type-custom":1,"seo.display-publish-date-timezone-all":1,"spotim":1,"fre.next-ad-placements":1,"product.draft.enabled":1,"content-editor.content-body.preview-blocker":1,"fre.commerce.use-affiliate_url":1,"gallery-display-type-timeline":1,"custom-feeds.media-modal-search-tab":1,"fre.enable-userinfo-auth-route":1,"commerce.magento.affiliate.enabled":1,"paywall.schema":1,"product.content-product.smart-swap.out-of-stock":1,"fre.jam-journey.enable-modals":1,"fre.do-not-sell-link":1,"gallery-1x1-mobile-lede-crops":1,"fre.jam-journey.enable-billboard":1,"content-editor.enable-repositioned-disclaimer":1,"product.schema.single-product":1,"video.watch-next-in-body":1,"author-bios":1,"video.watch-next-in-body-listicle":1,"enable-google-one-tap":1,"product.content-product.couponing":1,"fre.jam-journey.enable-email-captures":1,"enable-watch-more-recirc-button":1,"custom-promo-lead-videos":1,"mobile-adhesion-unit":1,"custom-feeds.composite-image-block":1,"fre.enable-query-split":1,"enable-top-touts":1,"fre.commerce.product-summary-view":1,"fre.use-onetrust":1,"content-editor.1x1-lead-image-crop":1,"custom-feeds.curated-products.4-across":1,"cover-stories":1,"search.fre.display-top-navigation":1,"video.sticky-player-mobile":1,"show-updated-timestamp":1,"product.badging.automate-sale-badging-organic":1,"content-editor.key-features-product-specs":1,"enable-sso":1,"concorde.fre.autocomplete":1,"content-editor.enable-custom-header":1,"self-hosted-ads":1,"content-editor.toggles.hide-affiliate-disclaimer":1,"seo.syndicated-content.no-noindex":1,"recirculation.end-of-content":1,"commerce.reordering.enable":1,"fre.render-dek-on-search-page":1,"gallery-display-type-product-roundup":1,"video.use-social-image":1,"self-hosted.affiliate.enabled":1,"fre.enable-author-flyout":1,"content-editor.automotive-tags.enabled":1,"video.sticky-player":1,"fre.seogra.breadcrumbs-with-collections":1,"video.enable-glimmer":1,"seo.block-meta-ai-crawler":1,"fre.enable-jam-journey":1,"vader.commerce.use-afflinks_link":1,"custom-feeds.default-blocks":1,"display-search":1,"product.content-product.smart-swap.out-of-stock.service-api":1,"add-introduction-h2s-in-listicle-toc":1,"fre.jam-journey.enable-meters":1,"video.sticky-player-lead":1,"fre.cds.enable-paywall":1,"fre.font-fallbacks":1,"video.use-video-player-two":1,"fre.seogra.breadcrumbs":1,"fre.products.gallery.new-product-styling":1,"gallery-display-type-event-roundup":1,"new-nav":1,"fre.piano.enable-templates":1,"new-tablet-gallery":1,"product.content-product.smarter-swap":1,"fre.commerce.simplified-psv":1,"fre.content.enable-privacy-disclaimer":1,"content-editor.table-of-contents.sticky":1,"custom-feeds.text-block":1,"content-editor.gallery.multi-retailer.enabled":1,"mason-custom-feeds":1,"product.badging.automate-sale-badging":1,"fre.jam-journey.enable-top-slim-banner":1,"product-links-enabled":1,"fre.commerce.use-list-price-strikethrough":1,"top-pathing.content":1,"enable-listicle-toc":1,"fre.enable-my-stuff":1,"fre.enable-my-stuff-tooltip":1,"syndy.hreflang.version_of_all_locales":1},"metadata":{"contentId":"6c7a3c6d-827f-4f5e-a1bf-ed2289fe71ce","keywords":"news","ogTitle":"A Genetic Time Machine Is Responsible for Chimps Evolving Like Humans","hreflangCount":0},"adConfig":{"bu":"HDM","site":"popularmechanics","zone":"/36117602/hdm-popularmechanics/","bidders":{"IX":{"d":{"ga":"670278","gb":"670282","la":"670277","lb":"670283","brk":"670280","garb":"670279","brkrr":"670281"},"m":{"ga":"670284","gb":"670285","lb":"670287","adh":"670288","brk":"670286"},"v":"942443"},"APN":{"d":{"ga":"10583173","gb":"10583174","la":"10583175","lb":"10583176","brk":"14483476","garb":"14355616","brkrr":"14483475"},"m":{"ga":"10583181","gb":"10583183","lb":"10583184","adh":"16121061","brk":"14665711"},"v":"14741856"},"KAR":{"m":{"gb":"_i4hz9fRkrY","lb":"_i5YWceu6P7","adh":"_sfKO1a02wC","gabrk":"_jK5-pqaWssg"},"v":"_yfkIuduIfH"},"MAG":{"d":{"ga":"2040688","gb":"2040698","la":"2040686","lb":"2040700","brk":"2040692","garb":"2040690","brkrr":"2040696"},"m":{"ga":"2040702","gb":"2040704","lb":"2040708","adh":"2040710","brk":"2040706"},"v":"2731522","siteId":"369890","accountId":"11636"},"TDS":{"d":{"tdsArt":"112044","tdsBrk":"112043"},"m":{"tdsArt":"112043"},"pageId":"103520","pageIdDesktop300":"113871"},"TPL":{"d":{"ga":"popularmechanics_templated_300x400_atf_PB","gb":"popularmechanics_templated_300x400_btf_PB","lb":"popularmechanics_970x250_btf_PB","brkrr":"popularmechanics_templated_300x400_breaker_PB","la728":"popularmechanics_728x90_HDX_PB","la970":"popularmechanics_970x250_PB"},"m":{"ga":"popularmechanics_templated_300x250_flex_atf_m_PB","lb":"popularmechanics_templated_300x250_flex_btf_m_PB","adh":"PopularMechanics_320x50_HDX_PB","brk":"popularmechanics_templated_300x250_flex_breaker_m_PB"}},"TTD":{"d":{"ttd":"desktop"},"m":{"ttd":"mobile"},"v":"video","siteId":"hdm-popularmechanics","supplySourceId":"hearstmagazines"},"AMZN":"3049","APNhdmuk":{"d":{"ga":"23459041","gb":"23459042","la":"23459043","lb":"23459044","brk":"23459048","brkrr":"23459049"},"m":{"ga":"23459045","gb":"23459046","lb":"23459047","brk":"23459050"},"v":"23459051"}},"modules":{"ias":{"pubId":"931694"},"sst":{"server":"www-sst.popularmechanics.com"},"meta":{"id":"690796760981964","cur":"USD"},"optable":{"slug":"prod-popularmechanics-com","geoWhitelist":["US"]},"parsely":{"siteId":"popularmechanics.com"},"actionIQ":{"writeKey":"mediaos-popularmechanics-prod","cnameRecord":"https://aiq-in.popularmechanics.com","geoWhitelist":["US"]},"comscore":{"c2":6035258},"oneTrust":{"doNotSellUrlOverride":"/about/a42158909/do-not-sell-my-personal-information/"},"sailthru":{"ids":{"production":"e36a7774743e8dedc27b5cc8d4241a95"}},"truedata":{"ep":"td.popularmechanics.com","cid":"10458","scid":"115"},"permutive":{"apiKey":"7d237500-e85c-4846-9eb8-5635df7b050c","locale":"US","currency":"USD","workspaceId":"eb036676-52ea-47b5-a2f6-fcfb4ece9c00","geoWhitelist":"US"},"optimizely":{"webSnippetId":"21018620252","webSnippetKey":"us_popularmechanics"},"trueAnthem":"hearst","blockthrough":{"id":"6316821519007744"},"brandMetrics":{"siteId":"popularmechanics.com","accountId":"a6a45799-d06f-4cce-9dd7-4a947f7e7816"},"googleAnalytics":{"measurementId":"G-FB55WFVWBS"}},"adBundle":[],"settings":{"mobileStickyAds":true,"enableVerityTags":true},"siteList":["www.popularmechanics.com"]},"viewability":{"/36117602/hdm-popularmechanics/science/btf|m":25,"/36117602/hdm-popularmechanics/science/atf|m":35,"/36117602/hdm-popularmechanics.gdpr/breaker|d":100,"/36117602/hdm-popularmechanics/science/atf|d":100,"/36117602/hdm-popularmechanics/science/breaker|m":85,"/36117602/hdm-popularmechanics/science/btf|d":100,"435b4b43-3d23-445c-a596-29822ff19c4a":65,"/36117602/hdm-popularmechanics/science/breaker|d":65,"/36117602/hdm-popularmechanics.gdpr/atf|d":50,"/36117602/hdm-popularmechanics.gdpr/btf|d":50},"abTestingFullStack":[],"app":{"fontFallbacks":["FreightSansW01","Inter","UnitedSans","SimplonMono","Charter","Placard"]}}</script><script id="__HRST">window.HRST=window.HRST||JSON.parse(window.__HRST_DATA__.textContent),window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("HRST"));</script><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"data":{"content":[{"section":{"title":"Science","slug":"science","metadata":{"show_editor_bios":1,"sponsor":{"program_type":"1"}},"media":[{"croppedPreviewImage":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/images/visible-light-astronomy-thumbnail-tv-v1-679a7b4f6f703.jpg?crop=0.9987160493827162xw:1xh;center,top","media_type":"playlist","metadata":{"videoEmbedId":"435b4b43-3d23-445c-a596-29822ff19c4a","options":{}},"title":"Popular Mechanics All Sections"}]},"subsection":{"title":"Animals","slug":"animals","metadata":{},"content":[{"id":"216aca98-954f-477e-a81f-3fc3c4a9d5b4","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"5abb93c6-be50-4249-bcaf-46db98717185","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/screen-shot-2021-06-28-at-8-52-14-am-1624884789.png","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":586,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/screen-shot-2021-06-28-at-8-52-14-am-1624884789.png","media_type":"image","width":802,"created_at":"2025-02-27T16:10:40.986565Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.732xw:1.00xh;0.135xw,0","2x1":"1.00xw:0.686xh;0,0.217xh","3x1":"1xw:0.45620022753128553xh;center,top","4x3":"0.974231088944306xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.487115544472153xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.27372013651877136xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.9124004550625711xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.17107508532423207xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.27372013651877136xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.410580204778157xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.6843003412969283xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.7698378839590444xh;center,top","8x10":"0.5845386533665835xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.4110037406483791xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.8363670838073568xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_description":"bdelloid rotifer"}}],"slug":"scientists-revive-ancient-frozen-organisms","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{"slug":"science"},"subsection":{"slug":"animals"},"display_id":63956140,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003eSurely this ends well.\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"Scientists Revive 24,000-Year-Old Zombies","index_title":"Russian Scientists Brought 24,000-Year-Old Zombie Worms Back to Life","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eSurely this ends well.\u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","sponsor":{}}},{"id":"b119d1c5-bc4f-497c-8476-ef232b646f45","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"4da173c7-de5c-467f-b6e5-1fff17f41e57","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/brown-hyaena-skull-showing-large-canine-and-incisor-royalty-free-image-1740002269.pjpeg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":2911,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/brown-hyaena-skull-showing-large-canine-and-incisor-royalty-free-image-1740002269.pjpeg","media_type":"image","width":4307,"created_at":"2025-02-19T21:57:57.421436Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.678xw:1.00xh;0.162xw,0","2x1":"1.00xw:0.742xh;0,0.258xh","3x1":"1xw:0.49319xh;center,top","4x3":"0.90117xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.45058xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.29591xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.98637xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.18495xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.29591xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.44387xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.73978xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.83225xh;center,top","8x10":"0.5407xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.38018xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.90418xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"BROWN HYAENA SKULL SHOWING LARGE CANINE AND INCISOR TEETH ADAPTED TO TEARING FLESH AND BREAKING BONES. HYAENA BRUNNEA.","seo_meta_description":"brown hyaena skull showing large canine and incisor teeth adapted to tearing flesh and breaking bones hyaena brunnea"},"photographer":{},"source":{}}],"slug":"hypercarnivore-skull","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{"slug":"science"},"subsection":{"slug":"animals"},"display_id":63843640,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003eIt could change what we know about apex predators.\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"Scientists Uncover Skull of Ancient Hypercarnivore","index_title":"Scientists Rescued the 15-Million-Year-Old Skull of a Hypercarnivore From Obscurity","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eIt could change what we know about apex predators.\u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","sponsor":{}}},{"id":"22a2a187-0a1e-4646-88f1-00f3b88ca317","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"e25a5fa6-4bbe-42ac-b093-8e764731dc22","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/grand-prismatic-spring-yellowstones-largest-hot-spring-is-news-photo-1739483779.pjpeg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":674,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/grand-prismatic-spring-yellowstones-largest-hot-spring-is-news-photo-1739483779.pjpeg","media_type":"image","width":1024,"created_at":"2025-02-13T21:56:27.189150Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.6582xw:1xh;center,top","2x1":"1xw:0.75964xh;center,top","3x1":"1xw:0.50643xh;center,top","4x3":"0.8776xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.4388xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.30386xh;center,top","6x4":"0.9873xw:1xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.18991xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.30386xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.45579xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.75964xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.8546xh;center,top","8x10":"0.52656xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.37024xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.92845xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"General News Bucket Event - 2024","seo_meta_description":"general news bucket event 2024"},"photographer":{},"source":{}}],"slug":"yellowstone-microbes-great-oxidation-event","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{"slug":"science"},"subsection":{"slug":"animals"},"display_id":63775723,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003eA new study highlights how life possibly evolved prior to and during the rise of Earth’s oxygenated atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"These Yellowstone Microbes Show How Life Evolved","index_title":"Scientists Used Yellowstone Hot Springs to Study the Moment That Kickstarted Life on Earth","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eA new study highlights how life possibly evolved prior to and during the rise of Earth’s oxygenated atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","sponsor":{}}},{"id":"5ee2e7bb-d37f-4594-9b73-ef0eb76b6cd0","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"3ebab8fc-d061-4d01-8a6e-e7b9e0702457","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/low-res-vegavis-landscape-c-witton-2025-67aa68d8a501e.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":438,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/low-res-vegavis-landscape-c-witton-2025-67aa68d8a501e.jpg","media_type":"image","width":700,"created_at":"2025-02-10T21:00:34.218606Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.6257142857142857xw:1xh;center,top","2x1":"1xw:0.7990867579908676xh;center,top","3x1":"1xw:0.532724505327245xh;center,top","4x3":"0.8342857142857143xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.41714285714285715xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.319634703196347xh;center,top","6x4":"0.9385714285714286xw:1xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.1997716894977169xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.319634703196347xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.4794520547945205xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.7990867579908676xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.898972602739726xh;center,top","8x10":"0.5005714285714286xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.35196428571428573xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.9766615930999493xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_description":"a prehistoric underwater scene with various aquatic creatures"},"photographer":{}}],"slug":"vagavis-iaai-oldest-bird-antarctica","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{"slug":"science"},"subsection":{"slug":"animals"},"display_id":63728690,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003eAntarctica used to be a very different place.\u003cem\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"The Oldest-Known Bird Was Buried in Antarctic Ice","index_title":"Scientists Just Found The Oldest Modern Bird Buried in the Antarctic Ice","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eAntarctica used to be a very different place.\u003cem\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","sponsor":{}}},{"id":"d8ab6c00-75df-4840-9ef7-36bdc7dbfc1f","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"8ef37362-d860-48d8-888d-243fbd269531","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/infinity-concept-in-purple-and-yellow-royalty-free-image-1737669721.pjpeg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":3396,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/infinity-concept-in-purple-and-yellow-royalty-free-image-1737669721.pjpeg","media_type":"image","width":5256,"created_at":"2025-01-23T22:02:11.868797Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.649xw:1.00xh;0.176xw,0","2x1":"1.00xw:0.777xh;0,0.203xh","3x1":"1xw:0.5159xh;center,top","4x3":"0.86149xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.43075xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.30954xh;center,top","6x4":"0.96918xw:1xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.19346xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.30954xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.46431xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.77385xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.87058xh;center,top","8x10":"0.51689xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.36344xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.94582xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"Infinity concept in purple and yellow","seo_meta_description":"infinity concept in purple and yellow"},"photographer":{},"source":{}}],"slug":"mendota-lake-evolution","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{"slug":"science"},"subsection":{"slug":"animals"},"display_id":63496939,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003e“This study is a total game changer.”\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"This Life Form Is in an Evolutionary Time Loop","index_title":"Scientists Found a Strange Life Form Caught in an Evolutionary Time Loop","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003e“This study is a total game changer.”\u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","sponsor":{}}},{"id":"776d396b-eb10-4c5c-8afa-46c88f102f85","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"caae6ee2-36a7-4f8f-bbeb-b266e779c477","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/old-abandoned-house-in-the-ghost-town-of-pripyat-royalty-free-image-1737064386.pjpeg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":1380,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/old-abandoned-house-in-the-ghost-town-of-pripyat-royalty-free-image-1737064386.pjpeg","media_type":"image","width":2180,"created_at":"2025-01-16T21:53:14.589808Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.636xw:1.00xh;0.183xw,0","2x1":"1.00xw:0.793xh;0,0.179xh","3x1":"1xw:0.52657xh;center,top","4x3":"0.84404xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.42202xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.31594xh;center,top","6x4":"0.94954xw:1xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.19746xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.31594xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.47391xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.78986xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.88859xh;center,top","8x10":"0.50642xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.35608xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.96538xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"Old abandoned house in the ghost town of Pripyat, Ukraine. Consequences of a nuclear explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant","seo_meta_description":"old abandoned house in the ghost town of pripyat, ukraine consequences of a nuclear explosion at the chernobyl nuclear power plant"},"photographer":{},"source":{}}],"slug":"chernobyl-dogs-radiation-mutation","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{"slug":"science"},"subsection":{"slug":"animals"},"display_id":63385482,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003eTheir genetic differences may have another explanation altogether. \u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"Chernobyl’s Dogs May Not Be Mutating After All","index_title":"The Dogs of Chernobyl May Not Be Mutating After All, One Study Claims","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eTheir genetic differences may have another explanation altogether. \u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","sponsor":{}}},{"id":"f00db01d-3ce5-46cb-9053-19b82243f6d8","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"c6ab91cb-1042-4d17-b731-6b012609c8b3","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/close-up-of-crab-on-rock-royalty-free-image-1734111143.pjpeg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":1416,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/close-up-of-crab-on-rock-royalty-free-image-1734111143.pjpeg","media_type":"image","width":2124,"created_at":"2024-12-13T17:33:31.445667Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.670xw:1.00xh;0.173xw,0","2x1":"1.00xw:0.750xh;0,0.216xh","3x1":"1xw:0.5xh;center,top","4x3":"0.88889xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.44444xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.3xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:1xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.1875xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.3xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.45xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.75xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.84375xh;center,top","8x10":"0.53333xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.375xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.91667xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"octopus civilization","seo_meta_description":"close up of pinkish octopus on rock"},"source":{}}],"slug":"octopus-civilization","display_type":{"title":"Long Form Article"},"section":{"slug":"science"},"subsection":{"slug":"animals"},"display_id":63184424,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003eWith brains that process information almost like a computer, the sea creatures already use tools and can be social. But they need to make a few changes before they can take over the world.\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"Octopuses Just May Build the Next Civilization","index_title":"If Humans Die Out, Octopuses Already Have the Chops to Build the Next Civilization, Scientist Claims","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eWith brains that process information almost like a computer, the sea creatures already use tools and can be social. But they need to make a few changes before they can take over the world.\u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","sponsor":{}}},{"id":"30aba69f-390f-4259-8f28-66ecce1615d0","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"0a2b1920-4f52-4115-8b3a-601df2e3a710","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/large-school-of-white-tip-reef-sharks-that-patrol-royalty-free-image-1734040336.pjpeg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":1414,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/large-school-of-white-tip-reef-sharks-that-patrol-royalty-free-image-1734040336.pjpeg","media_type":"image","width":2126,"created_at":"2024-12-12T21:52:32.310636Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.6651xw:1xh;center,top","2x1":"1xw:0.75177xh;center,top","3x1":"1xw:0.50118xh;center,top","4x3":"0.8868xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.4434xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.30071xh;center,top","6x4":"0.99765xw:1xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.18794xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.30071xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.45106xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.75177xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.84574xh;center,top","8x10":"0.53208xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.37412xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.91883xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"Large school of white tip reef sharks that patrol the coral reef at night to hunt in Cocos Island National Park.","seo_meta_description":"large school of white tip reef sharks that patrol the coral reef at night to hunt in cocos island national park"},"photographer":{},"source":{}}],"slug":"deep-ocean-crustacean-atacama-trench","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{"slug":"science"},"subsection":{"slug":"animals"},"display_id":63163814,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003eWhat else is hiding down there?\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"A New Predator Emerged From the Deepest Ocean","index_title":"A New Predator Has Emerged From the Deepest, Darkest Part of the Ocean","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eWhat else is hiding down there?\u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","sponsor":{}}},{"id":"68e4ef2c-71e5-4f93-b893-791ef2536701","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"361c13de-9d5b-41c8-816a-ec9a112bc7ad","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/blue-light-bioluminescence-in-the-sea-at-night-royalty-free-image-1733177323.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":1416,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/blue-light-bioluminescence-in-the-sea-at-night-royalty-free-image-1733177323.jpg","media_type":"image","width":2123,"created_at":"2024-12-02T22:08:52.896321Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.668xw:1.00xh;0.167xw,0","2x1":"1.00xw:0.753xh;0,0.129xh","3x1":"1xw:0.49976xh;center,top","4x3":"0.88931xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.44465xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.29986xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.99953xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.18741xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.29986xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.44979xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.74965xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.84335xh;center,top","8x10":"0.53358xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.37518xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.91624xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"Blue light bioluminescence in the sea at night","seo_meta_description":"blue light bioluminescence in the sea at night"},"photographer":{},"source":{}}],"slug":"bio-duck-minke-whale","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{"slug":"science"},"subsection":{"slug":"animals"},"display_id":63035072,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003eWhat's been haunting the Southern Ocean this whole time?\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"Solving the Old Mystery of the Oceanic \"Quack\"","index_title":"For 60 Years, an Eerie Quack Sounded Across the Seas. Scientists Just Found Its Source.","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eWhat's been haunting the Southern Ocean this whole time?\u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","sponsor":{}}},{"id":"a909bdf9-6ce8-477d-8dc2-ca05776701d9","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"53a1feda-7db5-49ee-a9d2-7c7230e17295","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/stray-dogs-hang-out-near-an-abandoned-partially-completed-news-photo-1680222975.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":684,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/stray-dogs-hang-out-near-an-abandoned-partially-completed-news-photo-1680222975.jpg","media_type":"image","width":1024,"created_at":"2024-11-27T14:43:34.517070Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.670xw:1.00xh;0.167xw,0","2x1":"1.00xw:0.753xh;0,0.165xh","3x1":"1xw:0.49903xh;center,top","4x3":"0.89063xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.44531xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.29942xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.99805xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.18713xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.29942xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.44912xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.74854xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.84211xh;center,top","8x10":"0.53438xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.37573xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.91488xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"The Stray Dogs Of Chernobyl","seo_meta_description":"the stray dogs of chernobyl"},"photographer":{},"source":{}}],"slug":"chernobyl-dogs-dna-evolving","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{"slug":"science"},"subsection":{"slug":"animals"},"display_id":63033076,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003eHave the canines acquired strange mutations living near the power plant?\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"Are Chernobyl Dogs Experiencing Rapid Evolution?","index_title":"The Dogs of Chernobyl Are Experiencing Rapid Evolution, Study Suggests","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eHave the canines acquired strange mutations living near the power plant?\u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","sponsor":{}}},{"id":"41a22ca7-47f3-407a-b011-50d727532dc7","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"d89f25d3-ddfe-4ba0-bff3-0d1f94bda3d6","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/floating-abstract-human-shapes-royalty-free-image-1732570489.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":1416,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/floating-abstract-human-shapes-royalty-free-image-1732570489.jpg","media_type":"image","width":2123,"created_at":"2024-11-25T21:34:59.378501Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.66698xw:1xh;center,top","2x1":"1xw:0.74965xh;center,top","3x1":"1xw:0.49976xh;center,top","4x3":"0.88931xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.44465xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.29986xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.99953xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.18741xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.29986xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.44979xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.74965xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.84335xh;center,top","8x10":"0.53358xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.37518xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.91624xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"Floating abstract human shapes","seo_meta_description":"floating abstract human shapes"},"photographer":{},"source":{}}],"slug":"human-hibernation-bat-blood","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{"slug":"science"},"subsection":{"slug":"animals"},"display_id":63011314,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003eThis is far-future tech, but if we get it right, it could take humanity interstellar.\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"Could Bat Blood Hold the Key to Human Hibernation?","index_title":"A Study Says Human Hibernation Could Be Possible—If We Can Harness the Power of Bat Blood","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eThis is far-future tech, but if we get it right, it could take humanity interstellar.\u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","sponsor":{}}},{"id":"96a07f92-2b0f-4c5a-bfd2-c4e4c3af9c3b","media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"db1537a1-e197-43de-b1a5-36d4037bdb9d","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/carcass-of-a-dead-southern-right-whale-calf-resting-royalty-free-image-1689190763.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","height":1416,"role":12,"pathname":"/images/carcass-of-a-dead-southern-right-whale-calf-resting-royalty-free-image-1689190763.jpg","media_type":"image","width":2122,"created_at":"2024-11-25T14:27:17.013040Z","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.670xw:1.00xh;0.197xw,0","2x1":"1.00xw:0.751xh;0,0.0911xh","3x1":"1xw:0.49953xh;center,top","4x3":"0.88973xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.44486xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.29972xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.99906xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.18732xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.29972xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.44958xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.74929xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.84296xh;center,top","8x10":"0.53384xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.37535xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.9158xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_title":"Carcass of a dead southern right whale calf resting on the ocean floor, Nuevo Gulf, Valdes Peninsula, Argentina.","seo_meta_description":"carcass of a dead southern right whale calf resting on the ocean floor, nuevo gulf, valdes peninsula, argentina"},"photographer":{},"source":{}}],"slug":"whale-carcass-houses-animals-in-sea","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"section":{"slug":"science"},"subsection":{"slug":"animals"},"display_id":63008068,"metadata":{"dek":"\u003cp\u003eAnd the rent is free.\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"This Decade-Old Whale Carcass Still Supports Life","index_title":"This Whale Died Decades Ago. Its Carcass Is Now the Ocean’s Hottest Housing Complex.","social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eAnd the rent is free.\u003c/p\u003e","editor_attribution":"By","sponsor":{}}}]},"id":"6c7a3c6d-827f-4f5e-a1bf-ed2289fe71ce","ad_category":{"title":"Technology","prefix":"technology"},"tags_contextiq":["i_472","i_464","c_17","i_468","i_467","i_465"],"tags_hctx":["i_464","i_465","i_467","i_468","i_472"],"authors":[{"id":"05e34096-bf01-4bd5-aee9-e5c949a97e22","profile":{"display_name":"Darren Orf","photo":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/rover/profile_photos/e9b7a87b-359a-4fff-859b-ab9cf5e31c5b_1565789938.file","slug":"darren-orf","legacy_id":2793,"bio":"\u003cp\u003eDarren lives in Portland, has a cat, and writes/edits about sci-fi and how our world works. You can find his previous stuff at Gizmodo and Paste if you look hard enough.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","job_title":"Contributing Editor","twitter_username":"darrenthewalrus","facebook_username":"","instagram_username":"","pinterest_username":"","public_email":""},"person":{"title":"","suffix":""}}],"categories":[{"title":"News"}],"display_id":63027645,"editorial_source":{"title":"Hearst Editorial"},"entertainmentConfig":{},"media":[{"id":"c4b68798-1e36-4112-8a7c-bc18189d6b6b","role":2,"media_id":"9e986f02-7f9c-4e52-9263-3f6ae3f21ade","media_type":"image","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.66682xw:1xh;center,top","2x1":"1xw:0.74982xh;center,top","3x1":"1xw:0.49988xh;center,top","4x3":"0.8891xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.44455xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.29993xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.99976xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.18746xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.29993xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.44989xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.74982xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.84355xh;center,top","8x10":"0.53346xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.37509xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.91645xh;center,top"}},"image_metadata":{},"photographer":{},"image_id":"c4b68798-1e36-4112-8a7c-bc18189d6b6b","height":1417,"pathname":"/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg","width":2125,"created_at":"2024-12-02T18:17:14.556059Z","source":{}},{"id":"c4b68798-1e36-4112-8a7c-bc18189d6b6b","role":3,"media_id":"5539c8c4-158e-4a1a-95d9-7413b06bb47b","media_type":"image","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.66682xw:1xh;center,top","2x1":"1xw:0.74982xh;center,top","3x1":"1xw:0.49988xh;center,top","4x3":"0.8891xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.44455xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.29993xh;center,top","6x4":"1xw:0.99976xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.18746xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.29993xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.44989xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.74982xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.84355xh;center,top","8x10":"0.53346xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.37509xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.91645xh;center,top"},"selected_crop":"freeform","lede_image_link_url":"","lede_image_link_title":"","lede_image_hide_social":"1","lede_image_link_new_tab":"0","lede_image_link_nofollow":"0"},"image_metadata":{"seo_meta_description":"evolution","seo_meta_title":"Evolution"},"photographer":{"name":"p.folk / photography"},"image_id":"c4b68798-1e36-4112-8a7c-bc18189d6b6b","height":1417,"pathname":"/images/evolution-royalty-free-image-1733163315.jpg","width":2125,"created_at":"2024-12-02T18:15:17.635004Z","source":{"title":"Getty Images"}},{"role":12,"media_type":"image","metadata":{}}],"publish_source":{"title":"Popular Mechanics"},"originally_published_at":"2024-12-03T13:00:07.244160Z","publish_from":"2024-12-03T13:00:00Z","updated_at":"2024-12-04T08:48:16.813121Z","slug":"chimpanzee-culture","display_type":{"title":"Standard Article","slug":"standard-article"},"content_type":{"title":"News"},"tags":[{"slug":"news","title":"news"}],"metadata":{"auto_social":1,"syndicate_url_origin":"//www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63027645/chimpanzee-culture/","dek":"\u003cp\u003eScientists piece together genetic links between chimpanzee groups over thousands of years and discovered a surprisingly complex connection.\u003c/p\u003e","display_instagram_embeds":1,"social_dek":"\u003cp\u003eScientists piece together genetic links between chimpanzee groups over thousands of years and discovered a surprisingly complex connection.\u003c/p\u003e","short_title":"Chimpanzee Culture Is More Complex Than We Thought","index_title":"A Genetic Time Machine Is Responsible for Chimps Evolving Like Humans","social_title":"A Genetic Time Machine Is Responsible for Chimps Evolving Like Humans","seo_meta_description":"Scientists piece together genetic links between chimpanzee groups over thousands of years and discovered a surprisingly complex connection.","seo_meta_keywords":"news","seo_meta_title":"A Genetic Time Machine Is Responsible for Chimps Evolving Like Humans","syndication_rights":"3","editor_attribution":"By","sponsor":{"program_type":"1"},"header":{"title_layout":"3"},"commerce":{"product_summary_view":false,"enable_multi_retailer":1},"tags_verity_data":{"iab":{"v1":[{"id":"IAB15-7","score":0.083,"category":"Space/Astronomy"},{"id":"IAB15-2","score":0.463,"category":"Biology"},{"id":"IAB15","score":0.108,"category":"Science"}],"v2":[{"id":"464","score":0.819,"category":"Science"},{"id":"465","score":0.463,"parent":{"id":"464","category":"Science"},"category":"Biological Sciences"},{"id":"468","score":0.298,"parent":{"id":"464","category":"Science"},"category":"Genetics"},{"id":"467","score":0.108,"parent":{"id":"464","category":"Science"},"category":"Environment"},{"id":"472","score":0.083,"parent":{"id":"464","category":"Science"},"category":"Space and Astronomy"}],"v3":[{"id":"464","score":0.819,"category":"Science"},{"id":"465","score":0.463,"parent":{"id":"464","category":"Science"},"category":"Biological Sciences"},{"id":"468","score":0.298,"parent":{"id":"464","category":"Science"},"category":"Genetics"},{"id":"467","score":0.108,"parent":{"id":"464","category":"Science"},"category":"Environment"},{"id":"472","score":0.083,"parent":{"id":"464","category":"Science"},"category":"Space and Astronomy"}]},"ner":[{"type":"location","value":"congo","sentimentScore":0.079,"sentimentValue":"neutral"},{"type":"organization","value":"uzh","sentimentScore":0.079,"sentimentValue":"neutral"},{"type":"organization","value":"gunasekaram","sentimentScore":0.089,"sentimentValue":"neutral"},{"type":"organization","value":"university of zurich","sentimentScore":0.082,"sentimentValue":"neutral"},{"type":"person","value":"cassandra gunasekaram","sentimentScore":0.079,"sentimentValue":"neutral"},{"type":"person","value":"andrea migliano","sentimentScore":0.681,"sentimentValue":"positive"},{"type":"miscellaneous","value":"science","sentimentScore":0.007,"sentimentValue":"neutral"},{"type":"miscellaneous","value":"great ape","sentimentScore":0.053,"sentimentValue":"neutral"}],"safe":true,"events":[],"threats":[],"keywords":["genetic time machine","new study","tool","culture","chimpanzee population","complex tool use","human","cultural advancement","ability","group","community","uzh","zurich","university","thousand"],"expiresAt":"2025-01-02T13:08:11.283Z","sentiments":[{"score":0.84,"sentiment":"neutral"},{"score":0.13,"sentiment":"positive"},{"score":0.03,"sentiment":"negative"}],"processedAt":"2024-12-03T13:08:11.283Z","languageCode":"en"}},"theme":{"borderWidths":{"border-lg":"0.625rem","border-m":"0.3125rem","border-ml":"0.375rem","border-mlg":"0.5rem","border-none":"0","border-s":"0.19rem","border-xs":"0.125rem","border-xxs":"0.0625rem","medium":"0.19rem","thick":"0.3125rem","thin":"0.0625rem"},"borders":{"border-avatar":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.black}","border-button-outline":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.black}","border-button-outline-hover":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyDark}","border-discount":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.globalColorDiscount}","border-dropdown":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyLight}","border-error":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.globalColorError}","border-form-checkbox-disabled":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.grey}","border-form-checkbox-error":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.globalColorError}","border-form-checkbox-resting":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.black}","border-form-input-disabled":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.grey}","border-form-input-error":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.globalColorError}","border-form-input-resting":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyDark}","border-form-input-selected":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.black}","border-form-radio-disabled":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.grey}","border-form-radio-error":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.globalColorError}","border-form-radio-resting":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.black}","border-form-select-disabled":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.grey}","border-form-select-error":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.globalColorError}","border-form-select-resting":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyDark}","border-form-select-selected":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.black}","border-form-textarea-disabled":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.grey}","border-form-textarea-error":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.globalColorError}","border-form-textarea-resting":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyDark}","border-form-textarea-selected":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.black}","border-informative":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyLight}","border-large-greyXlight":"0.6rem solid {*colors.greyXlight}","border-large-transparent":"0.6rem solid transparent","border-lg-black":"{*borderWidths.border-lg} solid black","border-lg-greyXlight":"{*borderWidths.border-lg} solid {*colors.greyXlight}","border-lg-transparent":"{*borderWidths.border-lg} solid transparent","border-lg-white":"{*borderWidths.border-lg} solid white","border-link-body-hover":"border-thin-brandColorPrimary","border-m-black":"{*borderWidths.border-m} solid black","border-m-brand-primary":"{*borderWidths.border-m} solid {*colors.brandColorPrimary}","border-m-brand-tertiary":"{*borderWidths.border-m} solid {*colors.brandColorTertiary}","border-m-white":"{*borderWidths.border-m} solid white","border-medium-black":"medium solid black","border-medium-grey":"medium solid {*colors.grey}","border-medium-greyLight":"{*borderWidths.border-m} solid {*colors.greyLight}","border-medium-white":"medium solid white","border-ml-black":"{*borderWidths.border-ml} solid black","border-ml-brand-primary":"{*borderWidths.border-ml} solid {*colors.brandColorPrimary}","border-mlg-black":"{*borderWidths.border-mlg} solid black","border-mlg-brand-primary":"{*borderWidths.border-mlg} solid {*colors.brandColorPrimary}","border-mlg-grey":"{*borderWidths.border-mlg} solid {*colors.grey}","border-mlg-slate-950":"{*borderWidths.border-mlg} solid {*colors.slate-950}","border-none-transparent":"{*borderWidths.border-none} solid transparent","border-rating":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.globalColorRating}","border-s-black":"{*borderWidths.border-s} solid black","border-s-white":"{*borderWidths.border-s} solid white","border-thin-black":"thin solid black","border-thin-dashed-black":"thin dashed black","border-thin-grey":"thin solid {*colors.grey}","border-thin-greyDark":"thin solid {*colors.greyDark}","border-thin-greyLight":"thin solid {*colors.greyLight}","border-thin-greyXXXdark":"thin solid {*colors.greyXXXdark}","border-thin-greyXXdark":"thin solid {*colors.greyXXdark}","border-thin-greyXdark":"thin solid {*colors.greyXdark}","border-thin-greyXlight":"thin solid {*colors.greyXlight}","border-thin-transparent":"thin solid transparent","border-thin-white":"thin solid white","border-xs-black":"{*borderWidths.border-xs} solid black","border-xs-brand-primary":"{*borderWidths.border-xs} solid {*colors.brandColorPrimary}","border-xs-grey":"{*borderWidths.border-xs} solid {*colors.grey}","border-xs-transparent":"{*borderWidths.border-xs} solid transparent","border-xs-white":"{*borderWidths.border-xs} solid white","border-xxs-black":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid black","border-xxs-brand-senary":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.brandColorSenary}","border-xxs-dotted-black":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} dotted black","border-xxs-grey":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.grey}","border-xxs-greyDark":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyDark}","border-xxs-greyLight":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyLight}","border-xxs-greyXXXdark":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyXXXdark}","border-xxs-greyXXdark":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyXXdark}","border-xxs-greyXdark":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyXdark}","border-xxs-greyXlight":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid {*colors.greyXlight}","border-xxs-transparent":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid transparent","border-xxs-white":"{*borderWidths.border-xxs} solid white","button-border-thin":"thin solid"},"colors":{"amber-100":"#FEF3C7","amber-200":"#FDE68A","amber-300":"#FCD34D","amber-400":"#FBBF24","amber-50":"#FFFBEB","amber-500":"#F59E0B","amber-600":"#D97706","amber-700":"#B45309","amber-800":"#92400E","amber-900":"#78350F","amber-950":"#431407","bg-avatar":"white","bg-avatar-hover":"black","bg-block-big-story":"","bg-block-big-story-feed":"","bg-block-content-big-story":"","bg-block-content-big-story-feed":"","bg-block-content-big-story-feed-colright-basefeed":"","bg-block-content-big-story-feed-colright-feature":"","bg-block-content-big-story-feed-noimage-basefeed":"","bg-block-content-big-story-feed-noimage-feature":"","bg-block-content-big-story-feed-stacked-basefeed":"","bg-block-content-big-story-feed-stacked-feature":"","bg-block-content-big-story-imageright":"","bg-block-content-big-story-imageright-ad":"","bg-block-content-big-story-noimage":"","bg-block-content-big-story-noimage-ad":"","bg-block-content-big-story-under":"","bg-block-content-big-story-under-ad":"","bg-block-content-four-across":"","bg-block-content-text":"","bg-block-content-three-col":"","bg-block-four-across":"","bg-block-three-col":"","bg-chip-base":"greyXlight","bg-chip-base-disabled":"greyLight","bg-chip-button":"black","bg-chip-button-hover":"greyXdark","bg-color-do-not-sell-hover":"grey","bg-color-poll-bar":"greyLight","bg-discount":"globalColorDiscount","bg-discount-onDark":"globalColorDiscount-OnDark","bg-droppdown-list":"white","bg-droppdown-list-first":"greyLight","bg-droppdown-list-hover":"greyXlight","bg-error":"globalColorError","bg-error-onDark":"globalColorError-OnDark","bg-form-check-disabled":"greyXlight","bg-form-check-resting":"white","bg-form-check-selected":"black","bg-form-input-disabled":"greyXlight","bg-form-input-resting":"white","bg-form-input-selected":"white","bg-informative":"greyLight","bg-informative-onDark":"greyXXXdark","bg-legal":"greyLight","bg-legal-onDark":"greyXXXdark","bg-rating":"globalColorRating","bg-rating-onDark":"globalColorRating-OnDark","black":"#000000","blue-100":"#DBEAFE","blue-200":"#BFDBFE","blue-300":"#93C5FD","blue-400":"#60A5FA","blue-50":"#EFF6FF","blue-500":"#3B82F6","blue-600":"#2563EB","blue-700":"#1D4ED8","blue-800":"#1E40AF","blue-900":"#1E3A8A","blue-950":"#172554","brandColorPrimary":"#1c6a65","brandColorQuarternary":"#595959","brandColorQuinary":"#414141","brandColorSecondary":"#f04e3e","brandColorSenary":"#ececec","brandColorSeptenary":"#f8f8f8","brandColorTertiary":"#fef837","breaker-ad-border":"greyLight","color-link-body-hover":"brandColorQuarternary","color-rating-default":"#F3B032","color-star-rating-default":"#F3B032","cyan-100":"#CFFAFE","cyan-200":"#A5F3FC","cyan-300":"#67E8F9","cyan-400":"#22D3EE","cyan-50":"#ECFEFF","cyan-500":"#06B6D4","cyan-600":"#0891B2","cyan-700":"#0E7490","cyan-800":"#155E75","cyan-900":"#164E63","cyan-950":"#083344","emerald-100":"#D1FAE5","emerald-200":"#A7F3D0","emerald-300":"#6EE7B7","emerald-400":"#34D399","emerald-50":"#ECFDF5","emerald-500":"#10B981","emerald-600":"#059669","emerald-700":"#047857","emerald-800":"#065F46","emerald-900":"#064E3B","emerald-950":"#022C22","fg-discount":"globalColorDiscount","fg-discount-onDark":"globalColorDiscount-OnDark","fg-error":"globalColorError","fg-error-onDark":"globalColorError-OnDark","footer-fill":"brandColorPrimary","footer-network-fill":"white","footerbgColor":"white","fuchsia-100":"#FAE8FF","fuchsia-200":"#F5D0FE","fuchsia-300":"#F0ABFC","fuchsia-400":"#E879F9","fuchsia-50":"#FDF4FF","fuchsia-500":"#D946EF","fuchsia-600":"#C026D3","fuchsia-700":"#A21CAF","fuchsia-800":"#86198F","fuchsia-900":"#701A75","fuchsia-950":"#4A044E","globalColorDiscount":"greenDark","globalColorDiscount-OnDark":"greenLight","globalColorError":"red","globalColorError-OnDark":"redLight","globalColorFocus":"black","globalColorFocus-OnDark":"white","globalColorInformative":"greyXXXdark","globalColorInformative-OnDark":"greyXlight","globalColorLegal":"greyXXXdark","globalColorLegal-OnDark":"greyXlight","globalColorRating":"yellow","globalColorRating-OnDark":"yellowLight","gray-100":"#F3F4F6","gray-200":"#E5E7EB","gray-300":"#D1D5DB","gray-400":"#9CA3AF","gray-50":"#F9FAFB","gray-500":"#6B7280","gray-600":"#4B5563","gray-700":"#374151","gray-800":"#1F2937","gray-900":"#111827","gray-950":"#030712","green-100":"#DCFCE7","green-200":"#BBF7D0","green-300":"#86EFAC","green-400":"#4ADE80","green-50":"#F0FDF4","green-500":"#22C55E","green-600":"#16A34A","green-700":"#15803D","green-800":"#166534","green-900":"#14532D","green-950":"#052E16","greenDark":"#006603","greenLight":"#75C278","grey":"neutral-300","greyDark":"neutral-400","greyLight":"neutral-200","greyXXXdark":"neutral-800","greyXXdark":"neutral-600","greyXdark":"neutral-500","greyXlight":"neutral-100","indigo-100":"#E0E7FF","indigo-200":"#C7D2FE","indigo-300":"#A5B4FC","indigo-400":"#818CF8","indigo-50":"#EEF2FF","indigo-500":"#6366F1","indigo-600":"#4F46E5","indigo-700":"#4338CA","indigo-800":"#3730A3","indigo-900":"#312E81","indigo-950":"#1E1B4B","lime-100":"#ECFCCB","lime-200":"#D9F99D","lime-300":"#BEF264","lime-400":"#A3E635","lime-50":"#F7FEE7","lime-500":"#84CC16","lime-600":"#65A30D","lime-700":"#4D7C0F","lime-800":"#3F6212","lime-900":"#365314","lime-950":"#1A2E05","link-hover-item-title-primary":"brandColorQuarternary","link-hover-three-column-heading":"brandColorPrimary","link-three-column-heading":"brandColorPrimary","location-choice-menu-bg":"black","nav-subscribe-link-focus":"black","navLogoColor":"brandColorPrimary","neutral-100":"#F5F5F5","neutral-200":"#E5E5E5","neutral-300":"#D4D4D4","neutral-400":"#A3A3A3","neutral-50":"#FAFAFA","neutral-500":"#737373","neutral-600":"#525252","neutral-700":"#404040","neutral-800":"#262626","neutral-900":"#171717","neutral-950":"#0A0A0A","orange-100":"#FFEDD5","orange-200":"#FED7AA","orange-300":"#FDBA74","orange-400":"#FB923C","orange-50":"#FFF7ED","orange-500":"#F97316","orange-600":"#EA580C","orange-700":"#C2410C","orange-800":"#9A3412","orange-900":"#7C2D12","orange-950":"#431407","pink-100":"#FCE7F3","pink-200":"#FBCFE8","pink-300":"#F9A8D4","pink-400":"#F472B6","pink-50":"#FDF2F8","pink-500":"#EC4899","pink-600":"#DB2777","pink-700":"#BE185D","pink-800":"#9D174D","pink-900":"#831843","pink-950":"#500724","purple-100":"#F3E8FF","purple-200":"#E9D5FF","purple-300":"#D8B4FE","purple-400":"#C084FC","purple-50":"#FAF5FF","purple-500":"#A855F7","purple-600":"#9333EA","purple-700":"#7E22CE","purple-800":"#6B21A8","purple-900":"#581C87","purple-950":"#3B0764","red":"#AA0703","red-100":"#FEE2E2","red-200":"#FECACA","red-300":"#FCA5A5","red-400":"#F87171","red-50":"#FEF2F2","red-500":"#EF4444","red-600":"#DC2626","red-700":"#B91C1C","red-800":"#991B1B","red-900":"#7F1D1D","red-950":"#450A0A","redLight":"#F0908E","rose-100":"#FFE4E6","rose-200":"#FECDD3","rose-300":"#FDA4AF","rose-400":"#FB7185","rose-50":"#FFF1F2","rose-500":"#F43F5E","rose-600":"#E11D48","rose-700":"#BE123C","rose-800":"#9F1239","rose-900":"#881337","rose-950":"#4C0519","saved-menu-panel-focus-link-bg":"greyXlight","side-panel-menu-bg":"white","side-panel-menu-link":"black","side-panel-sub-menu-bg":"greyXlight","side-panel-sub-menu-focus":"black","side-panel-sub-menu-hover":"grey","sidePanelLinkColor":"black","sidePanelLinkColor-hover":"brandColorPrimary","sidepanel-bg":"greyLight","sidepanel-text":"black","sky-100":"#E0F2FE","sky-200":"#BAE6FD","sky-300":"#7DD3FC","sky-400":"#38BDF8","sky-50":"#F0F9FF","sky-500":"#0EA5E9","sky-600":"#0284C7","sky-700":"#0369A1","sky-800":"#075985","sky-900":"#0C4A6E","sky-950":"#082F49","slate-100":"#F1F5F9","slate-200":"#E2E8F0","slate-300":"#CBD5E1","slate-400":"#94A3B8","slate-50":"#F8FAFC","slate-500":"#64748B","slate-600":"#475569","slate-700":"#334155","slate-800":"#1E293B","slate-900":"#0F172A","slate-950":"#020617","sponsor-bar-bg":"white","stone-100":"#F5F5F4","stone-200":"#E7E5E4","stone-300":"#D6D3D1","stone-400":"#A8A29E","stone-50":"#FAFAF9","stone-500":"#78716C","stone-600":"#57534E","stone-700":"#44403C","stone-800":"#292524","stone-900":"#1C1917","stone-950":"#0C0A09","teal-100":"#CCFBF1","teal-200":"#99F6E4","teal-300":"#5EEAD4","teal-400":"#2DD4BF","teal-50":"#F0FDFA","teal-500":"#14B8A6","teal-600":"#0D9488","teal-700":"#0F766E","teal-800":"#115E59","teal-900":"#134E4A","teal-950":"#042F2E","text-avatar":"black","text-avatar-hover":"white","text-chip-label":"black","text-chip-label-disabled":"greyDark","text-discount":"globalColorDiscount","text-discount-onDark":"globalColorDiscount-OnDark","text-droppdown-list":"black","text-droppdown-list-first":"black","text-droppdown-list-hover":"black","text-error":"globalColorError","text-error-onDark":"globalColorError-OnDark","text-form-disabled":"greyDark","text-form-error":"globalColorError","text-form-helper":"greyXdark","text-form-label":"greyXXXdark","text-form-placeholder":"greyXXXdark","text-informative":"greyXXXdark","text-informative-onDark":"white","text-legal":"greyXXXdark","text-legal-onDark":"white","text-rating":"greyXXXdark","text-rating-onDark":"greyLight","textFillColor":"brandColorPrimary","violet-100":"#EDE9FE","violet-200":"#DDD6FE","violet-300":"#C4B5FD","violet-400":"#A78BFA","violet-50":"#F5F3FF","violet-500":"#8B5CF6","violet-600":"#7C3AED","violet-700":"#6D28D9","violet-800":"#5B21B6","violet-900":"#4C1D95","violet-950":"#2E1065","white":"#ffffff","yellow":"#F3B032","yellow-100":"#FEF9C3","yellow-200":"#FEF08A","yellow-300":"#FDE047","yellow-400":"#FACC15","yellow-50":"#FEFCE8","yellow-500":"#EAB308","yellow-600":"#CA8A04","yellow-700":"#A16207","yellow-800":"#854D0E","yellow-900":"#713F12","yellow-950":"#422006","yellowLight":"#F9D187","zinc-100":"#F4F4F5","zinc-200":"#E4E4E7","zinc-300":"#D4D4D8","zinc-400":"#A1A1AA","zinc-50":"#FAFAFA","zinc-500":"#71717A","zinc-600":"#52525B","zinc-700":"#3F3F46","zinc-800":"#27272A","zinc-900":"#18181B","zinc-950":"#09090B"},"elevation":{"base":"0","drawer":"8000000","floating":"12000000","gate":"14000000","nav":"6000000","overlay":"10000000","raised":"2000000","subnav":"4000000","sunken":"-2000000"},"fontFamilies":{"Charter":{"src":["static/fonts/e38fddd1-89a4-4995-9f7f-3c701b2e62f1.woff2",{"defaults":false}],"variants":{"style:italic":{"src":"static/fonts/e4fc2e26-0ce1-4e6c-bb35-330c133f041c.woff2"},"weight:bold":{"src":"static/fonts/74c2aebb-af4a-4c7d-a7f5-2db2c73334eb.woff2"}}},"CharterBold":{"src":["static/fonts/74c2aebb-af4a-4c7d-a7f5-2db2c73334eb.woff2",{"defaults":false}],"variants":{"style:italic":{"src":"static/fonts/8d8c24cd-7112-47d5-9f8d-a9063ad51341.woff2"}}},"FreightSansW01":{"src":["static/fonts/84efe8b8-d2b9-464c-93b4-1237a3cb52c3.woff2",{"defaults":false}],"variants":{"weight:bold":{"src":"static/fonts/149b5d44-0082-428a-8b55-bbb8071c62af.woff2"}}},"Inter":{"src":["static/fonts/inter-v3-latin-regular.woff2",{"defaults":false}],"variants":{"weight:700":{"src":"static/fonts/inter-v3-latin-700.woff2"}}},"Placard":{"src":["static/fonts/a8279a17-0be8-479f-b2b7-0b2adea89858.woff2",{"defaults":false}]},"SimplonMono":{"src":["static/fonts/SimplonMono-Regular-WebXL.woff2",{"defaults":false}]},"UnitedSans":{"src":["static/fonts/UnitedSansCdBk.woff2",{"defaults":false}]}},"fontSettings":{"base":"0.7"},"fontSizes":{"font-size-11":"0.001","font-size-112":"5.67887","font-size-12":"0.170157","font-size-13":"0.36758","font-size-14":"0.55034","font-size-15":"0.72049","font-size-16":"0.879669","font-size-17":"1.02919","font-size-18":"1.17016","font-size-19":"1.3035","font-size-20":"1.43","font-size-21":"1.55034","font-size-22":"1.66507","font-size-23":"1.7747","font-size-24":"1.87967","font-size-25":"1.98035","font-size-26":"2.07708","font-size-27":"2.17016","font-size-28":"2.25985","font-size-29":"2.3464","font-size-30":"2.43001","font-size-31":"2.51088","font-size-32":"2.58918","font-size-33":"2.66507","font-size-34":"2.7387","font-size-35":"2.81019","font-size-36":"2.87967","font-size-37":"2.94724","font-size-38":"3.01301","font-size-39":"3.07708","font-size-40":"3.13952","font-size-41":"3.20042","font-size-42":"3.25985","font-size-43":"3.31788","font-size-44":"3.37458","font-size-45":"3.43001","font-size-46":"3.48422","font-size-47":"3.53726","font-size-48":"3.58918","font-size-49":"3.64003","font-size-50":"3.68986","font-size-52":"3.78659","font-size-54":"3.87967","font-size-56":"3.96936","font-size-58":"4.05591","font-size-60":"4.13952","font-size-62":"4.22039","font-size-64":"4.29869","font-size-70":"4.5197","font-size-80":"4.84903","font-size-96":"5.29869"},"fontWeights":{"font-weight-bold":"bold","font-weight-normal":"normal","font-weight-regular":"normal"},"fonts":{"AdTextPrimary":"Inter, Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif","AdTextSecondary":"BylinePrimary","BodyPrimary":"Charter, Georgia, Times, Serif","BodySanSerif":"Inter, Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif","BodySecondary":"CharterBold, Georgia, Times, Serif","BodyTertiary":"CharterItalic, Georgia, Times, Serif","ButtonPrimary":"primary","BylinePrimary":"quarternary","BylineSecondary":"primary","DekPrimary":"quarternary","DekSecondary":"primary","HeadlinePrimary":"quarternary","HeadlineSecondary":"tertiary","HeadlineTertiary":"primary","LabelPrimary":"quarternary","LabelSecondary":"primary","MenuPrimary":"primary","MenuSecondary":"primary","SubheadlinePrimary":"quarternary","SubheadlineSecondary":"primary","TitlePrimary":"quarternary","TitleSecondary":"primary","primary":"FreightSansW01, Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif","quarternary":"SimplonMono, Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif","secondary":"Placard, Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif","tertiary":"UnitedSans, Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif"},"letterSpacings":{"letter-spacing-1":"0.0075rem","letter-spacing-10":"0.075rem","letter-spacing-2":"0.015rem","letter-spacing-20":"0.15rem","letter-spacing-3":"0.0225rem","letter-spacing-30":"0.3rem","letter-spacing-4":"0.03rem","letter-spacing-40":"0.4rem","letter-spacing-5":"0.0375rem","letter-spacing-6":"0.045rem","letter-spacing-8":"0.06rem","letter-spacing-base":"0","letter-spacing-n1":"-0.0075rem","letter-spacing-n10":"-0.075rem","letter-spacing-n2":"-0.015rem","letter-spacing-n3":"-0.0225rem","letter-spacing-n4":"-0.03rem","letter-spacing-n48":"-0.15rem","letter-spacing-n5":"-0.0375rem","letter-spacing-n6":"-0.045rem","letter-spacing-n60":"-0.188rem","letter-spacing-n8":"-0.06rem","letter-spacing-n80":"-0.25rem"},"lineHeights":{"large":"1.5","lg":"1.4","lineheight-base":"1","lineheight-lg":"1.4","lineheight-max":"2","lineheight-md":"1.3","lineheight-sm":"1.2","lineheight-xlg":"1.5","lineheight-xs":"1.1","lineheight-xsmall":"0.9","lineheight-xxlg":"1.6","lineheight-xxsmall":"0.8","lineheight-xxxlg":"1.8","md":"1.3","medium":"1.3","normal":{"minLinePadding":"5","roundToNearestHalfLine":"false","size":"10"},"sm":"1.2","small":"1.2","xlg":"1.5","xs":"1.1","xxs":"1"},"outlines":{"outline-focus-black":"{*sizes.outlineWidths.outline-xs} dotted {*colors.black}","outline-focus-transparent":"{*sizes.outlineWidths.outline-xs} dotted transparent","outline-focus-white":"{*sizes.outlineWidths.outline-xs} dotted {*colors.white}"},"radii":{"l":"1.875rem","m":"1.25rem","s":"0.9375rem","xl":"4.375rem","xs":"0.625rem","xxs":"0.3125rem","xxxs":"0.25rem"},"scaleRatio":1.5,"shadows":{"shadow-grey":"0 0.188rem 0.188rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)","shadow-greyXdark":"0 0.063rem 0.063rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25)","shadow-modal":"0 0.2rem 0.6rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1)"},"sizes":{"footer-network-logo":{"height":"41","width":"192"},"iconSize":{"l":"1.875rem","m":"1.5rem","s":"1.25rem","xl":"2.5rem","xs":"1.063rem","xxl":"3.125rem","xxs":"1rem","xxxl":"3.75rem","xxxs":"0.5rem","xxxxl":"4.6rem","xxxxxl":"5rem"},"maxContentWidth":"75rem","navHeight":"3.375rem","outlineOffset":{"outline-offset-lg":"0.5rem","outline-offset-m":"0.375rem","outline-offset-none":"0","outline-offset-s":"0.25rem","outline-offset-xs":"0.125rem","outline-offset-xxs":"0.0625rem"},"outlineWidths":{"outline-lg":"0.625rem","outline-m":"0.3125rem","outline-none":"0","outline-s":"0.19rem","outline-xs":"0.125rem","outline-xxs":"0.0625rem"},"primitive-0":"0rem","primitive-1":"0.0625rem","primitive-10":"0.625rem","primitive-1024":"64rem","primitive-11":"0.6875rem","primitive-112":"7rem","primitive-12":"0.75rem","primitive-128":"8rem","primitive-1280":"80rem","primitive-13":"0.8125rem","primitive-14":"0.875rem","primitive-15":"0.9375rem","primitive-16":"1rem","primitive-160":"10rem","primitive-1600":"100rem","primitive-17":"1.0625rem","primitive-18":"1.125rem","primitive-19":"1.188rem","primitive-192":"12rem","primitive-1920":"120rem","primitive-2":"0.125rem","primitive-20":"1.25rem","primitive-22":"1.375rem","primitive-224":"14rem","primitive-24":"1.5rem","primitive-256":"16rem","primitive-28":"1.75rem","primitive-32":"2rem","primitive-320":"20rem","primitive-36":"2.25rem","primitive-384":"24rem","primitive-4":"0.25rem","primitive-40":"2.5rem","primitive-44":"2.75rem","primitive-448":"28rem","primitive-48":"3rem","primitive-512":"32rem","primitive-52":"3.25rem","primitive-56":"3.5rem","primitive-6":"0.375rem","primitive-60":"3.75rem","primitive-64":"4rem","primitive-640":"40rem","primitive-72":"4.5rem","primitive-768":"48rem","primitive-8":"0.5rem","primitive-80":"5rem","primitive-96":"6rem"},"space":{"center":"0 auto","contentWidth":"75rem","l":"1.875rem","m":"1.25rem","maxContentWidth":"75rem","maxContentWidthAd":"25rem","mobile-gutter":"0.938rem","mobileOuterGutter":"0.938rem","s":"0.9375rem","tablet-gutter":"2.5rem","tabletOuterGutter":"2.5rem","xl":"4.375rem","xs":"0.625rem","xxs":"0.3125rem","xxxs":"0.25rem"},"styles":{"404-error-link":{"variant":"body-primary"},"404-error-title":{"variant":"headline-primary"},"accordion-wrapper":{"borderBottom":"border-thin-grey"},"account-dropdown-container":{"pr":{"_":"0","sm:xxlg":"2.5rem","xxxlg\u003e":"0"}},"account-dropdown-links":{"\u0026:hover":{"textDecoration":"underline","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem"},"bg":"white","transition":"outline 0.3s ease-in-out, outline-offset 0.3s ease-in-out","variant":"button-secondary"},"account-dropdown-menu":{"border":"border-thin-greyXXXdark","boxShadow":"0 10px 16px -4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24)"},"affiliate-bar":{"borderBottom":"border-xxs-grey","borderTop":"border-xxs-grey","color":"greyXXXdark","fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-14","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","variant":""},"author-bio-bio":{"\u0026 p":{"margin":"0"},"variant":"body-secondary"},"author-bio-bio-job-title-wrapper":{},"author-bio-job-title":{"marginTop":"xs","variant":"byline-uppercase-primary"},"author-bio-label":{"color":"greyXdark","marginRight":"xxs","variant":"byline-primary"},"author-bio-letter-mark-icon":{},"author-bio-name":{"variant":"byline-primary"},"author-bio-name-job-title-container":{"alignItems":"baseline"},"author-bio-read-more":{"\u0026:hover":{"backgroundSize":"0 0","color":"brandColorQuarternary"},"backgroundImage":"linear-gradient( to bottom, #F5F5F5, #F5F5F5)","backgroundPosition":"0 100%","backgroundRepeat":"repeat-x","backgroundSize":"0 0","color":"black","fontSize":"font-size-16","pb":"0.05rem","pt":"0.05rem","textDecorationColor":"{*colors.brandColorPrimary}","textDecorationThickness":"0.125rem","variant":"body-secondary"},"authors-bio-wrapper":{"borderTop":"border-thin-greyXXdark","marginTop":"l"},"big-story-block":{"background":{"lg":"repeating-linear-gradient( -45deg, #b3b3b3 3px, #b3b3b3 4.5px, #f8f8f8 0px, #f8f8f8 27px, #f8f8f8 0px)","md":"white","sm":"white"},"backgroundSize":{"lg":"12px 12px","md":"12px 12px","sm":"12px 12px"},"bg":"bg-block-big-story"},"big-story-feed-block":{"bg":"bg-block-big-story-feed"},"block-header":{"display":"block","fontWeight":"100","mb":"xs","mt":"l","position":"relative","textAlign":{"\u003csm":"left","md":"left","sm\u003e":"left"},"zIndex":"1"},"block-header-design-element-after":{"\u0026:before":{"content":"'//'","display":"inline","letterspacing":"letter-spacing-20","pl":"xxs"}},"block-header-design-element-before":{"\u0026:before":{"content":"'//'","display":"inline","letterspacing":"letter-spacing-20","pr":"xxs"}},"block-heading":{"\u0026 a":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorPrimary"},"color":"black"},"bg":"white","display":"inline","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-14","lg":"font-size-14","md":"font-size-14"},"fontWeight":"100","padding":"{0.3rem} {xs}","textAlign":"left","textTransform":"uppercase","variant":"headline-primary"},"block-subheading":{"variant":"subheadline-primary"},"body-blockquote":{"\u0026 b, strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"},"\u0026 em, i":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontStyle":"italic"},"borderLeft":"border-m-brand-tertiary","color":"greyXXXdark","fontFamily":"TitleSecondary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-16","lg":"font-size-18","md":"font-size-16"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xlg","lg":"lineheight-md","md":"lineheight-xlg"},"padding":"{xs} {m}"},"body-dropcap":{"\u0026:first-letter":{"@-moz-document url-prefix()":{"mt":"xs"},"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-64","_":"font-size-62","lg":"5.78","md":"font-size-64"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","_":"lineheight-base","lg":"0.6","md":"lineheight-xs"},"marginRight":"xs","marginTop":{"\u003csm":"0","lg":"1rem","md":"0"}}},"body-h2":{"\u0026 b, strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"},"\u0026 em, i":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontStyle":"italic"},"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-31","lg":"font-size-35","md":"font-size-31"},"fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-base","lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-base"},"outline":"none"},"body-h3":{"\u0026 b, strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"},"\u0026 em, i":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontStyle":"italic"},"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-24","lg":"font-size-28","md":"font-size-24"},"fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-base","lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-base"}},"body-h4":{"\u0026 b, strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"},"\u0026 em, i":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontStyle":"italic"},"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-20","lg":"font-size-24","md":"font-size-20"},"fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs"}},"body-image-caption":{"\u0026 em, i":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontStyle":"italic"},"\u0026 strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit"},"color":"greyXXXdark","variant":"body-tertiary"},"body-image-container":{"\u0026 a span":{"right":"1rem"}},"body-loop-caption":{"\u0026 em, i":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontStyle":"italic"},"\u0026 strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit"},"color":"greyXXXdark","variant":"body-tertiary"},"body-ol":{"\u0026 b, strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"},"\u0026 em, i":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontStyle":"italic"},"margin":{"_":"{s} 0 0 {xs}","md":"{s} 0"},"variant":"body-primary"},"body-text":{"variant":"body-primary"},"body-tip":{"\u0026 b, strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"},"\u0026 em, i":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontStyle":"italic"},"border":"border-none-transparent","borderBottom":"border-s-black","borderTop":"border-s-black","fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-16","lg":"font-size-16","md":"font-size-16"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-lg","lg":"lineheight-lg","md":"lineheight-lg"},"padding":"{s} {s} {m}"},"body-ul":{"\u0026 b, strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"},"\u0026 em, i":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontStyle":"italic"},"margin":{"_":"{s} 0 0 {xs}","md":"{s} 0"},"variant":"body-primary"},"breadcrumbs-link":{"variant":"breadcrumbs-link-primary"},"breadcrumbs-link-section":{"variant":"breadcrumbs-link-primary"},"breadcrumbs-list":{"variant":"breadcrumbs-primary"},"breadcrumbs-list-section":{"marginBottom":"m","marginTop":"-{m}","textAlign":"center","variant":"breadcrumbs-primary"},"breaker-ad-text":{"lineHeight":"lineheight-base","textTransform":"uppercase","variant":"ad-text-primary"},"button-primary":{"variant":"button-primary"},"by-line":{"pr":"xxs","variant":"byline-primary"},"by-line-name":{"color":"brandColorQuinary","pr":"xxs","variant":"byline-secondary"},"by-line-name-text-above":{"a":{"color":"white"}},"byline-enhanced-author-job-title":{"marginLeft":{"\u003csm":"xxs","sm":"xs"},"mt":"0","paddingLeft":{"\u003csm":"xxs","sm":"xxs"},"variant":"byline-uppercase-primary"},"byline-enhanced-author-name":{"color":"brandColorQuinary","variant":"byline-secondary"},"byline-enhanced-container":{},"byline-enhanced-icon":{"primary":"greyXXdark"},"byline-enhanced-icon-text-above":{"primary":"white"},"byline-enhanced-label":{"color":"brandColorQuinary","variant":"byline-secondary"},"byline-enhanced-wrapper":{"alignItems":"center","display":"flex","flexWrap":"wrap","justifyContent":"center","marginTop":"0","pt":"xxs","span":{"display":"inherit"},"variant":"left-align-enhanced-byline-container"},"carousel-editorial-links-wrapper":{"[data-theme-key='carousel-button-prev'],[data-theme-key='carousel-button-next']":{"\u0026:disabled":{"background":"unset"},"\u0026:hover":{"\u0026:disabled":{"background":"unset"},"background":"unset"},"background":"unset","border":"none","top":"0"},"[data-theme-key='carousel-hed']":{"fontFamily":"tertiary","fontSize":"font-size-18","fontWeight":"normal","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-1","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"}},"carousel-link-item":{"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontSize":"font-size-16","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-1","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"checkbox-error-text":{"variant":"small-specs-error-text-primary"},"checkbox-label-text":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"collapsible-header":{"\u0026 strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit"},"variant":"label-header-primary"},"collapsible-header-button":{"bg":"white","border":"0","borderBottom":"none","borderTop":"border-thin-grey","paddingBottom":"xxs","paddingTop":"xxs","textAlign":"left","width":"100%"},"collapsible-icon-wrapper":{"border":"border-thin-greyXdark","borderRadius":"50%","height":"iconSize.l","marginRight":"xs","padding":"0.4rem","width":"iconSize.l"},"collapsible-section":{"marginBottom":"0"},"collapsible-section-text":{"\u003e p":{"marginTop":"0"},"variant":"body-primary","width":"100%"},"content-header-action-button-wrapper":{"marginTop":"s"},"content-header-by-line-container":{"mb":"0","pr":"xxs","span":{"display":"inline-block","lineHeight":"lineheight-xxlg"},"variant":"byline-primary"},"content-header-dek":{"a":{"textDecorationColor":"{*colors.brandColorPrimary}","textDecorationThickness":"0.125rem"},"color":"greyXXdark","fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-15","lg":"font-size-20","md":"font-size-18"},"fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-xxlg","md":"lineheight-sm"},"mb":"xs"},"content-header-left-right-button-wrapper":{"display":"flex","justifyContent":"center"},"content-header-left-right-byline-enhanced-container":{"alignItems":"center","display":"flex","flexDirection":"column","justifyContent":"center","m":"0","maxWidth":"none"},"content-header-publish-date":{"color":"greyXXdark","ml":"xs","variant":"byline-secondary"},"content-header-text-above-container":{"[data-theme-key='button-primary']":{"\u0026:hover":{"background":"teal-700"}}},"content-header-text-left-right-container":{"textAlign":{"md":"center"}},"content-header-text-under-byline-enhanced-container":{"alignItems":"center","display":"flex","flexDirection":"column","justifyContent":"center"},"content-header-title":{"marginY":"s","variant":"headline-tertiary"},"content-header-title-left-right":{"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-40","lg":"font-size-48","md":"font-size-29","xlg":"font-size-52"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs","xlg":"lineheight-xs"},"m":"{xs} 0","variant":"headline-tertiary"},"custom-item-dek":{"variant":"dek-primary"},"custom-item-image":{"mb":"xs","text-overflow":"ellipsis"},"custom-item-label":{"display":"inline-block","variant":"label-tag-primary"},"custom-item-label-big-story-feed":{"display":"inline-block","variant":"label-tag-primary"},"custom-item-meta":{"pr":"xxs"},"custom-item-publish-date":{"pr":"xxs","variant":"byline-primary"},"custom-item-title":{"my":"0","variant":"title-primary"},"custom-item-title-text":{"my":"0","variant":"title-primary"},"dim-overlay":{"elevation":"sunken"},"do-not-sell":{"border":"border-xxs-black","fontFamily":"MenuPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-11","lineHeight":"lineheight-lg","padding":"xs","textAlign":{"\u003csm":"left","md":"center"},"textTransform":"capitalize","variant":"button-secondary"},"dropdown-contentdropdown-content":{"border":"border-dropdown"},"dropdown-label-headline":{"variant":"dropdown-text-primary"},"dropdown-link-list-collapsed":{"variant":"specs-item-primary"},"dropdown-menu-item":{"\u0026:hover":{"bg":"bg-droppdown-list-hover"},"background":"bg-droppdown-list","border":"border-dropdown","variant":"dropdown-text-primary"},"dropdown-menu-item-arrow-button":{"transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out"},"dropdown-menu-item-link":{"textTransform":"capitalize"},"dropdown-menu-label-item":{"fontWeight":"normal"},"dropdown-menu-label-item-username":{"fontWeight":"bold"},"editorial-links-header":{"bg":"white","display":"inline","variant":"headline-quaternary"},"editorial-links-list-item":{"fontFamily":"primary"},"editorial-links-wrapper":{"border":"border-none-transparent","padding":"0"},"embedded-gallery-carousel":{"[data-theme-key='carousel-button-prev'], [data-theme-key='carousel-button-next']":{"mb":"{*sizes.primitive-2}"},"[data-theme-key='carousel-button-prev'],[data-theme-key='carousel-button-next']":{"\u0026:disabled":{"bg":"zinc-100","border":"border-xxs-grey"},"\u0026:hover":{"\u0026:disabled":{"bg":"zinc-100","border":"border-xxs-grey"}}},"[data-theme-key='carousel-hed']":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-30","lg":"font-size-36","md":"font-size-30"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-base","lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-base"},"textAlign":"left","width":"calc(100% - 100px)"},"mt":"{*sizes.primitive-20}"},"embedded-gallery-carousel-product-custom-tag":{"display":"inline-block","marginBottom":"xxs","variant":"label-tag-primary"},"embedded-gallery-custom-tag":{"marginBottom":"xxs","variant":"label-tag-primary"},"embedded-gallery-dek":{"\u0026 p":{"\u0026 strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"},"fontFamily":"DekPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-14","lineHeight":"lineheight-lg"}},"embedded-gallery-headline":{"marginY":"s","variant":"title-tertiary"},"embedded-gallery-image-wrapper":{"\u0026 img":{"marginBottom":"xs"}},"embedded-gallery-item-wrapper":{"marginBottom":{"\u003csm":"s"}},"embedded-gallery-product-button":{"marginY":"xs","variant":"button-primary"},"embedded-gallery-product-custom-tag":{"display":"inline-block","marginBottom":"xxs","marginTop":"xxs","variant":"label-tag-primary"},"embedded-gallery-product-description":{"a.body-btn-link":{"display":"inline-block","marginY":"0"},"variant":"body-secondary"},"embedded-gallery-product-pros-cons-container":{"borderTop":{"md":"none"}},"embedded-gallery-product-pros-cons-header":{"fontWeight":"bold","variant":"label-tertiary"},"embedded-gallery-product-pros-cons-list":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-16","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"}},"embedded-gallery-product-title":{"fontWeight":"bold","mb":"xxs","variant":"title-quaternary"},"embedded-gallery-product-wrapper":{"textAlign":"center"},"embedded-gallery-stacked-dek":{"\u0026 p":{"variant":"body-primary"}},"embedded-gallery-stacked-headline":{"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontSize":"font-size-26","lineHeight":"lineheight-xs","variant":"headline-s"},"embedded-gallery-title":{"fontWeight":"bold","marginY":"0","variant":"title-quaternary"},"embedded-overlay-product-button":{"\u0026:hover":{"bg":"white"},"bg":"brandColorPrimary","fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-16","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-base","marginY":"xs","p":"{0.8125rem} {m} {0.9rem}","textTransform":"uppercase","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out","width":"fit-content"},"embedded-overlay-product-button-container":{"alignItems":"start"},"embedded-overlay-product-con-item-icon":{"primary":"white"},"embedded-overlay-product-coupon-button-copied":{"variant":"button-discount-contained-OnDark"},"embedded-overlay-product-coupon-button-default":{"variant":"button-discount-outline-OnDark"},"embedded-overlay-product-coupon-tag-icon":{"mr":"0.5rem","primary":"transparent","secondary":"globalColorDiscount-OnDark"},"embedded-overlay-product-coupon-wrapper":{"alignItems":"start","marginY":"0.5rem"},"embedded-overlay-product-custom-tag":{"marginY":"xxs","variant":"label-tag-primary-darkbg"},"embedded-overlay-product-description":{"a":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"grey"},"textDecorationColor":"white"},"a.body-btn-link":{"\u0026:hover":{"bg":"white","color":"black"},"bg":"brandColorPrimary"},"fontWeight":"bold","variant":"body-secondary"},"embedded-overlay-product-details":{"marginX":{"\u003csm":"0","sm\u003e":"0"}},"embedded-overlay-product-discount":{"color":"white"},"embedded-overlay-product-info":{"border":{"md\u003e":"border-thin-white"},"marginBottom":{"md\u003e":"xs"},"padding":{"md\u003e":"s"}},"embedded-overlay-product-key-specs-container":{},"embedded-overlay-product-key-specs-line":{},"embedded-overlay-product-key-specs-table":{"variant":"specs-item-primary"},"embedded-overlay-product-key-specs-title":{"variant":"label-header-primary"},"embedded-overlay-product-key-specs-value-item":{"padding":"m"},"embedded-overlay-product-key-specs-value-label":{"textAlign":"left"},"embedded-overlay-product-pro-item-icon":{"primary":"white"},"embedded-overlay-product-pros-cons-container":{"borderTop":{"md":"none"},"fontWeight":"bold","variant":"label-tertiary"},"embedded-overlay-product-pros-cons-header":{"fontWeight":"bold","mt":"xs","variant":"label-tertiary"},"embedded-overlay-product-pros-cons-list":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-16","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"},"textTransform":"none"},"embedded-overlay-product-slide-number":{"variant":"overlay-item-slide-number-portrait"},"embedded-overlay-product-title":{"mb":"xs","variant":"title-tertiary"},"embedded-product-button":{"marginY":"xs","variant":"button-primary"},"embedded-product-button-center":{"margin":"{xs} 0 0","variant":"button-primary"},"embedded-product-con-item-icon":{"primary":"brandColorSecondary"},"embedded-product-coupon-button-copied":{"variant":"button-discount-contained"},"embedded-product-coupon-button-default":{"variant":"button-discount-outline"},"embedded-product-coupon-tag-icon":{"mr":"0.5rem","primary":"transparent","secondary":"globalColorDiscount"},"embedded-product-coupon-tag-info-label":{"fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-11","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"embedded-product-coupon-tag-info-label-wrapper":{"mb":"xs"},"embedded-product-coupon-tag-info-text":{"fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-11","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","mt":"s"},"embedded-product-coupon-wrapper":{"marginY":"0.5rem"},"embedded-product-custom-tag":{"marginBottom":"xxs","marginX":{"\u003csm":"auto"},"variant":"label-tag-primary"},"embedded-product-description":{"variant":"body-secondary"},"embedded-product-details-center":{"pl":{"md":"s"}},"embedded-product-discount":{"color":"globalColorDiscount","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-18","lineHeight":"lineheight-xxlg","paddingTop":"0"},"embedded-product-discount-center":{"color":"globalColorDiscount","marginBottom":"0","marginTop":"xs","variant":"item-product-primary"},"embedded-product-key-specs-container":{},"embedded-product-key-specs-line":{},"embedded-product-key-specs-table":{"variant":"specs-item-primary"},"embedded-product-key-specs-title":{"variant":"label-header-primary"},"embedded-product-key-specs-value-item":{"padding":"m"},"embedded-product-key-specs-value-label":{},"embedded-product-price-text":{"fontFamily":"MenuPrimary"},"embedded-product-pro-item-icon":{"primary":"brandColorPrimary"},"embedded-product-pros-cons-container":{"borderTop":{"md":"border-thin-grey"},"mt":"s","pt":"s"},"embedded-product-pros-cons-header":{"fontWeight":"bold","variant":"label-tertiary"},"embedded-product-pros-cons-list":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-16","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"}},"embedded-product-title":{"fontWeight":"bold","marginY":"xs","variant":"title-quaternary"},"embedded-product-title-center":{"fontWeight":"bold","marginY":{"\u003csm":"xs","md":"0"},"variant":"title-quaternary"},"embedded-product-wrapper-center":{"border":{"md":"border-thin-grey"},"mb":"m","p":{"md":"s"}},"error-text":{"variant":"small-specs-error-text-primary"},"feed-body-label":{"variant":"label-tag-primary"},"feed-product-button":{"mb":"xs","variant":"button-primary"},"feed-product-button-container":{"alignItems":"baseline","marginY":"xs"},"feed-product-custom-tag":{"variant":"label-tag-primary"},"feed-product-description":{"variant":"dek-primary"},"feed-product-info-details":{"margin":{"_":"xs","xlg":"m"},"textAlign":"center"},"feed-product-title":{"variant":"title-quinary"},"field-message-container":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"footer":{"color":"black","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","variant":"menu-tertiary"},"footer-affiliate-disclosure":{"lineHeight":"lineheight-lg"},"footer-fixed":{"bg":"greyXlight","boxShadow":"0 0 40px rgb(0 0 0, 0.2)"},"footer-fixed-button":{"variant":"button-text"},"footer-fixed-button-collapsed":{"color":"black"},"footer-fixed-button-open":{"color":"black"},"footer-fixed-content":{"variant":"body-primary"},"footer-legal-menu":{"lineHeight":"lineheight-max"},"footer-legal-menu-item-link":{"paddingRight":"m"},"footer-logo":{"fill":"black","maxHeight":"1.4375rem","width":"8.5rem"},"footer-social-button":{"height":"iconSize.xs","primary":"black","width":"iconSize.xs"},"form-input-field":{"\u0026::placeholder":{"color":"greyXXXdark"},"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"form-input-label":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"form-input-required":{"color":"globalColorError","variant":"overlay-item-text"},"form-select":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"form-select-label":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"form-select-multi-value":{"bg":"greyLight","marginY":"0","p":"0.2rem","variant":"specs-item-primary"},"form-select-option":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"form-select-placeholder":{"lineHeight":"lineheight-max","p":"0","variant":"overlay-item-text"},"form-select-required":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"form-select-single-value":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"form-text-area-field":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"four-across-block":{"bg":"black"},"four-across-block-content":{"gridGap":{"lg":"0.09","md":"0.09","sm":"0.09","xxs":"0.09"}},"four-across-block-content-ad":{"bps":[{"options":{"size":"sm"},"value":{"gridGap":"0.09","gridTemplateColumns":"repeat(2, 1fr)"}},{"options":{"size":"\u003cmd"},"value":{"gridGap":"0.09","gridTemplateColumns":"repeat(2, 1fr)"}},{"options":{"size":"lg"},"value":{"gridGap":"0.09","gridTemplateColumns":"repeat(2, 1fr)"}}],"gridGap":{"lg":"0.09","md":"0.09","sm":"0.09","xxs":"0.09"}},"immersive-toc-carousel-container-body":{"borderBottom":"border-xxs-black","borderTop":"border-xxs-black","variant":"immersive-toc"},"immersive-toc-sticky-nav-wrapper":{"[data-theme-key='carousel-container']":{"ml":{"lg":"auto"},"mr":{"lg":"auto"},"width":{"_":"100%","lg":"55.5625rem","xlg":"64rem"}},"[data-theme-key='carousel-mini-card-heading']":{"mt":"xs"},"[data-theme-key='collapsible-header-button']":{"bg":"neutral-100","borderTop":"none","color":"neutral-800","fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-28","gap":{"xs":"0.375rem"},"justifyContent":{"_":"space-between","xs":"center"},"pl":{"_":"m","xs":"0"},"textTransform":"capitalize"},"[data-theme-key='collapsible-icon-wrapper']":{"border":"none","lineHeight":"lineheight-base"},"[data-theme-key='collapsible-section-text']":{"bg":"white","borderBottom":"border-xxs-black","pb":"m"},"variant":"immersive-toc"},"item-author-container-carousel-block":{"[data-theme-key='card-body']":{"paddingTop":{"md":"{*sizes.primitive-12}"}}},"item-author-image-carousel-block":{"img":{"borderRadius":"50%"}},"item-author-wrapper-grouped-carousel-block":{"[data-theme-key='carousel-inner-wrapper']":{"gap":{"md":"0"}}},"item-button-carousel-block":{"variant":"button-contained"},"item-button-statement-block":{"variant":"button-contained"},"item-button-text-statement-block":{"variant":"button-text"},"item-container-grouped-carousel-block":{"border":"border-none-transparent"},"item-container-grouped-statement-block":{"border":"border-none-transparent"},"item-dek-statement-block":{"\u0026 ul,li":{"textAlign":"left"},"fontFamily":"DekPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-14","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-4","lineHeight":"lineheight-lg"},"item-image-grouped-statement-block":{"maxWidth":"25rem"},"item-title-statement-block":{"fontFamily":"HeadlinePrimary","fontSize":"font-size-20","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"legal-menu-link":{"variant":"menu-secondary"},"link-body-primary":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary"},"fontWeight":"bold","textDecorationColor":"{*colors.brandColorPrimary}","textDecorationThickness":"0.125rem"},"link-list-menu-item":{"fontFamily":"BodySanSerif"},"list-item":{"\u0026:active":{"bg":"null"}},"list-item-contained":{"a:focus-visible":{"borderRadius":"3rem","outline":"outline-focus-black"}},"list-item-contained-active":{"bg":"black","color":"white"},"list-item-default-active":{"\u0026:first-of-type a::before":{"marginLeft":{"\u003csm":"-{*sizes.primitive-16}"},"paddingRight":{"\u003csm":"{*sizes.primitive-15}"}},"\u0026:last-of-type a::before":{"marginRight":{"\u003csm":"-{*sizes.primitive-16}"},"paddingRight":{"\u003csm":"{*sizes.primitive-20}"}},"a":{"\u0026:after":{"fontWeight":"normal"},"\u0026:before":{"borderBottom":"border-mlg-brand-primary","bottom":"-1.563rem","content":"''","left":"0","ml":"-2.1px","position":"absolute","pr":"0","width":"100%"},"fontWeight":"bold","pb":"0","pt":"{*sizes.primitive-2}"},"position":"relative"},"list-item-link":{"fontFamily":"MenuPrimary"},"listicle-product-key-specs-container":{},"listicle-product-key-specs-line":{},"listicle-product-key-specs-table":{"variant":"specs-item-primary"},"listicle-product-key-specs-title":{"variant":"label-header-primary"},"listicle-product-key-specs-value-item":{"padding":"m"},"listicle-product-key-specs-value-label":{},"load-more-button":{"variant":"button-load-more-primary"},"load-more-button-author":{"variant":"button-load-more-primary"},"load-more-button-listicle":{"variant":"button-load-more-primary"},"load-more-button-overlay":{"variant":"button-load-more-primary"},"load-more-button-product-summary-view":{"variant":"button-load-more-primary"},"load-more-button-saved":{"variant":"button-load-more-primary"},"location-choice-menu-item-link":{"color":"black","variant":"menu-primary"},"location-choice-sub-menu-item-link":{"variant":"menu-primary"},"marquee-body-text":{"\u0026 p":{"margin":{"_":"0 auto {s}","xlg":"0 auto"}},"margin":"0 auto","padding":{"_":"0 {mobileOuterGutter}","md":"0 {tabletOuterGutter} {s}","xlg":"0 0 {l}"},"variant":"body-primary"},"marquee-content":{"textAlign":"center","width":{"smd":"34rem","xlg":"40rem"}},"marquee-logo":{"img":{"height":{"lg":"auto"},"maxHeight":{"_":"5.625rem","lg":"8rem","md":"6.25rem","sm":"5.625rem","xlg":"9rem"},"transform":"translate3d(0,0,0)","width":"auto"},"textAlign":"center"},"media-poster-play-button":{"primary":"white"},"membership-button":{"p":"{xs} {s}","variant":"button-contained"},"membership-modal-content":{"[data-theme-key='base-link']":{"mt":"{*sizes.primitive-6}","variant":"button-text"},"[data-theme-key='modal-dek']":{"variant":"saved-headline-dek"},"[data-theme-key='modal-heading']":{"variant":"saved-headline-title"}},"nav":{"bg":"greyLight","color":"black","fill":"black","fontFamily":"ButtonPrimary","height":{"\u003clg":"111px","lg":"57px"}},"nav-bar":{"alignItems":"center","display":"flex","height":"100%","m":"0 auto","maxWidth":"75rem","px":"0","width":"100%"},"nav-bar-link":{"fontFamily":"buttonPrimary","variant":"button-secondary"},"nav-bar-login-text":{"variant":"button-secondary"},"nav-bar-top-list-container":{"borderBottom":{"_":"border-thin-greyXlight","smd\u003e":"0"},"borderTop":{"_":"border-thin-greyXlight","smd\u003e":"0"}},"nav-bar-top-list-item":{"padding":{"_":"0 {l} 0 {m}","lg\u003e":"0 {m} 0 {m}"},"variant":"menu-quaternary"},"nav-bar-top-list-link":{"\u0026:hover":{"textDecoration":"underline","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem"},"color":{"_":"inherit","smd\u003e":"inherit"},"lineHeight":"2.58918","transition":"outline 0.3s ease-in-out, outline-offset 0.3s ease-in-out"},"nav-bar-top-list-link-highlight":{"textDecoration":"underline","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem"},"nav-header-title":{"variant":"ad-text-primary"},"nav-logo":{"height":{"\u003cxxs":"1.2rem","md":"1.75rem"},"marginRight":{"_":"auto","lg\u003e":"xxs"},"mb":"0.125rem","width":{"\u003csm":"5rem","\u003cxxs":"5.5em","md":"7.5rem","xs:md":"7.5rem"}},"nav-search-button":{"margin":"xxs","padding":{"\u003csm":"0","sm":"xxs"},"span":{"color":"black","textTransform":"uppercase"},"svg":{"fill":"black"}},"nav-side-panel-button":{"\u0026 img":{"height":"iconSize.l","width":"iconSize.l"},"\u0026 svg":{"\u0026:hover":{"fill":"brandColorPrimary"},"fill":"black","height":"iconSize.l","width":"iconSize.l"},"padding":{"\u003cmd":"0.5rem {xxxs} 0.5rem {xs}","md":"0.5rem {xs} 0.5rem {xs}","xxs":"0.5rem {xxxs} 0.5rem 0"}},"nav-subscribe-link":{"\u0026:focus-visible":{"outlineColor":"nav-subscribe-link-focus"},"bg":"brandColorPrimary","borderRadius":"0.125rem","fontFamily":"buttonPrimary","variant":"button-contained"},"newsletter-content-back-button":{"p":"0.75rem {xl}","variant":"button-contained"},"newsletter-content-button":{"flexShrink":"0","p":"0.75rem {xl}","variant":"button-contained"},"newsletter-content-email-icon":{"primary":"greyXXXdark"},"newsletter-content-footer-terms-of-use":{"margin":"{xs} {m} {m} 0","textAlign":"left","variant":"ad-text-primary"},"newsletter-content-headline":{"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-30","lg":"font-size-40","md":"font-size-38"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs"}},"newsletter-content-sub-headline":{"fontFamily":"DekPrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-18","lg":"font-size-20"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-md","lg":"lineheight-sm"}},"newsletter-content-wrapper":{"background":"white","padding":{"\u003cmd":"l","md\u003e":"3rem {l}"}},"newsletter-feedpage-container":{"margin":"center","maxWidth":"75rem","padding":{"lg":"0","md":"tablet-gutter","xxs":"mobile-gutter"}},"newsletter-feedpage-email-wrapper":{"alignItems":{"\u003csm":"center","sm\u003e":"flex-end"},"columnGap":"1rem","flexDirection":{"_":"column","sm":"row"}},"newsletter-feedpage-wrapper":{"form":{"\u003e div":{"alignItems":{"\u003csm":"center","sm":"flex-start"}},"alignItems":"flex-start"},"py":"2.5rem","width":"100%"},"newsletter-wrapper":{"backgroundImage":"url('/_assets/design-tokens/PR-143/1a74f8d/fre/static/images/marketing/bg-newsletter.jpg')"},"opinion-label-text":{"fontFamily":"LabelSecondary","fontSize":"font-size-14","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","textTransform":"uppercase"},"opinion-label-wrapper":{"bg":"brandColorSeptenary","borderBottom":"border-xxs-brand-senary","borderTop":"border-xxs-brand-senary","marginTop":"m","padding":"{s} {xs}"},"overlay-gallery-headline":{"variant":"headline-tertiary"},"overlay-gallery-item-credit":{},"overlay-gallery-item-meta":{"p":{"md":"{s}","sm":"{s} 0"}},"overlay-gallery-item-title":{"m":"{xxs} 0","variant":"title-tertiary"},"overlay-gallery-open-gallery-button":{"variant":"button-outline"},"overlay-gallery-title":{"variant":"title-tertiary"},"photo-credit-copyright":{"color":"greyXdark","pr":"xxs","variant":"byline-tertiary"},"photo-credit-creditor":{"color":"greyXdark","pr":"xxs","variant":"byline-tertiary"},"photo-credit-divider":{"color":"greyXdark","pr":"xxs","variant":"byline-tertiary"},"photo-credit-figcaption":{"mt":" 0.2rem"},"photo-credit-figcaption-embedded-overlay":{"span":{"color":"white"}},"photo-credit-figcaption-lead-image":{"paddingLeft":{"\u003clg":"s","lg":"0"}},"popover-avatar-button":{"bg":"bg-avatar","border":"border-avatar","color":"text-avatar","variant":"dropdown-text-primary"},"popover-label-headline":{"variant":"dropdown-text-primary"},"popover-trigger":{"background":"white","border":"border-dropdown","variant":"dropdown-text-primary"},"privacy-disclosure-content-wrapper":{"[data-theme-key='button-primary']":{"\u0026:hover":{"bg":"transparent"}},"bg":"brandColorPrimary"},"product-button":{"mt":"0"},"product-explorer-article-link":{"variant":"button-secondary"},"product-explorer-filter-brand-label":{"fontWeight":"bold","textTransform":"uppercase","variant":"menu-primary"},"product-explorer-filter-chip-container":{"bg":"greyLight","borderRadius":"xxxs","p":"0.4rem"},"product-explorer-filter-chip-label":{"fontWeight":"normal","variant":"specs-item-primary"},"product-explorer-filter-header-placeholder":{"letterSpacing":"0","lineHeight":"2rem","variant":"overlay-item-text"},"product-explorer-filter-sortby-label":{"fontWeight":"bold","textTransform":"uppercase","variant":"menu-primary"},"product-explorer-intro-text":{"fontFamily":"MenuPrimary"},"product-explorer-load-more-button":{"variant":"button-load-more-primary"},"product-summary-item":{},"pullquote":{"margin":"0","paddingY":"0"},"pullquote-text":{"\u0026 b, strong":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontWeight":"bold"},"\u0026 em, i":{"fontFamily":"inherit","fontStyle":"italic"},"fontFamily":"tertiary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-28","_":"font-size-26","lg":"font-size-36","md":"font-size-30"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-base","_":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-base"},"margin":"0","padding":"0.9rem 1rem 1rem"},"recirc-module-content-item-title":{"fontFamily":"secondary","fontSize":"font-size-16","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out"},"recirc-module-default-stacked-content-item-link":{"textDecoration":"none"},"recirc-module-default-stacked-content-item-title":{"\u0026:hover":{"textDecoration":"underline"},"fontSize":"font-size-16","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-xxlg","transition":"color 0.3s ease-in-out"},"recirc-module-default-stacked-section":{"[data-theme-key='carousel-hed']":{"\u0026:after":{"bg":"black","content":"' '","flexGrow":"1","height":"{*sizes.primitive-1}","ml":"{*sizes.primitive-20}"},"fontSize":"font-size-28","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","paddingLeft":"0"},"bg":"black","marginBottom":"{*sizes.primitive-20}","marginX":{"\u003csm":"-{*sizes.primitive-16}"}},"recirc-module-stacked-carousel-item-heading":{"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-16","lg":"font-size-16","md":"font-size-16"},"letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-2","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"}},"recirc-module-stacked-carousel-section-container":{"[data-theme-key='carousel-hed']":{"fontFamily":"HeadlinePrimary","fontSize":"font-size-24","fontWeight":"normal","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-2","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"}},"recirculation-carousel-section":{"[data-theme-key='carousel-button-next'],[data-theme-key='carousel-button-prev']":{"\u0026 img":{"height":"iconSize.m","width":"iconSize.m"}},"[data-theme-key='carousel-hed']":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-28","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"[data-theme-key='carousel-inner-wrapper']":{"ml":"0","mt":{"\u003csm":"{*sizes.primitive-14}","md":"{*sizes.primitive-24}"}}},"save-button":{"display":"flex","variant":"button-contained"},"save-button-icon":{"primary":"white"},"saved-button-contained":{"p":"{xs} {m}","variant":"button-contained"},"saved-button-outline":{"p":"{xs} {m}","padding":{"\u003csm":"0.7rem 1rem","lg ":"{0.8125rem} {m}","md":"{0.8125rem} {m}","sm\u003e":"0.7rem 1rem"},"variant":"button-outline"},"saved-dek":{"variant":"saved-headline-dek"},"saved-folder-confirmation-modal-button-contained":{"minWidth":"16.1875rem","mt":"m","variant":"button-contained"},"saved-folder-confirmation-modal-button-outline":{"mt":"xs","variant":"button-outline"},"saved-folder-modal-button-contained":{"minWidth":"16.1875rem","mt":"m","variant":"button-contained"},"saved-folder-modal-button-text":{"color":"globalColorError","mt":"xs","variant":"button-text"},"saved-folder-title":{"variant":"title-tertiary"},"saved-headline":{"textAlign":"center","variant":"saved-headline-primary"},"saved-item-button":{"\u0026:hover":{"background":"rgba(243, 176, 50, 0.8)","bg":"black","border":"border-thin-black","borderColor":"white"},"background":"brandColorPrimary","border":"border-thin-black","borderColor":"white","margin":"xs","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out"},"saved-item-icon-wrapper":{},"saved-item-title":{"variant":"title-primary"},"saved-item-unsave-icon":{"primary":"white"},"saved-link-contained":{"p":"{xs} {xl}","variant":"button-contained"},"saved-link-outline":{"p":"{xs} {xl}","padding":{"\u003csm":"0.7rem 1rem","lg ":"{0.8125rem} {m}","md":"{0.8125rem} {m}","sm\u003e":"0.7rem 1rem"},"variant":"button-outline"},"saved-link-text":{"p":"{xs} {xl}","variant":"button-text"},"saved-menu-panel-list-item":{"fontFamily":"MenuPrimary","fontSize":{"\u003clg":"font-size-16","lg":"font-size-16"},"letterSpacing":"unset","lineHeight":{"\u003clg":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm"},"textTransform":"none"},"saved-menu-panel-menu-button":{"fontFamily":"MenuPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-16","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","textTransform":"unset"},"saved-menu-panel-menu-header":{"color":"greyXdark","fontFamily":"MenuPrimary","fontSize":{"\u003clg":"font-size-16","lg":"font-size-16"},"lineHeight":{"\u003clg":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm"},"textAlign":"left","textTransform":"uppercase"},"saved-menu-panel-search-input-field":{"fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-14"},"saved-page-headline":{"variant":"headline-secondary"},"saved-page-headline-wrapper":{"margin":"{m} auto 0","text-align":"center","width":"fit-content"},"saved-recipe-find-more-link":{"p":"{xs} {m}","padding":{"\u003csm":"0.7rem 1rem","lg ":"{0.8125rem} {m}","md":"{0.8125rem} {m}","sm\u003e":"0.7rem 1rem"},"variant":"button-outline"},"saved-recipe-find-more-link-wrapper":{"marginBottom":"10rem","marginTop":"l"},"saved-recipe-items-wrapper":{"paddingBottom":"l"},"saved-recipe-page-wrapper":{"marginBottom":"xl"},"saved-save-modal-list-item":{"fontSize":"font-size-16","letterSpacing":"0","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"saved-title":{"variant":"saved-headline-title"},"saved-toggle-menu-arrow":{"borderColor":"greyXdark"},"saved-toggle-menu-label":{"color":"greyXdark","variant":"label-header-primary"},"saved-tooltip":{"textAlign":"left","variant":"small-specs-label-text-primary"},"saved-tooltip-button-text":{"backgroundColor":"unset","color":"greyXXdark","marginTop":"0.5rem","padding":"0","variant":"button-text"},"saved-tooltip-link":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"black","textDecorationColor":"border-link-body-hover"},"color":"inherit","textDecoration":"underline","textDecorationColor":"inherit","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem","transition":"color 0.3s ease-in-out"},"scroll-down-text":{"fontFamily":"BylinePrimary","fontSize":"font-size-16","lineHeight":"lineheight-base"},"search-input-button":{"marginLeft":"xxs","marginTop":"0","variant":"button-contained"},"search-input-button-icon":{"primary":"white"},"search-input-container":{},"search-input-field":{"bg":"greyXlight","border":"none","borderBottom":"border-thin-greyDark","height":"2.6rem","variant":"overlay-item-text"},"search-nav-button-icon":{"\u0026:hover":{"border":"0"},"border":"0"},"search-nav-close-icon":{"primary":"brandColorPrimary"},"search-nav-container":{"borderBottom":"border-xs-brand-primary","div":{"\u0026:focus-within":{"outline":"0"},"bg":"greyLight","border":"0","borderBottom":"border-none-transparent"},"top":{"lg":"3rem","xxs:md":"4.3rem"}},"search-nav-input-field":{"variant":"button-secondary"},"search-nav-input-icon":{"primary":"brandColorPrimary"},"search-overlay-list-container":{"boxShadow":"shadow-modal"},"search-overlay-list-item":{"variant":"overlay-item-text"},"search-overlay-list-item-selected":{"paddingX":"xxxs","variant":"overlay-item-text"},"search-results-count":{"variant":"body-primary"},"search-results-wrapper":{"section":{"bg":"white"}},"share-social-button":{"\u0026img":{"primary":"white"}},"side-panel-menu":{"variant":"menu-primary"},"side-panel-search-button":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary","fill":"brandColorQuarternary","height":"iconSize.xxs","width":"iconSize.xxs"},"side-panel-search-text":{"color":"sidepanel-text","variant":"menu-primary"},"side-panel-sub-menu":{"variant":"menu-primary"},"sidepanel-close-btn":{"border":"0"},"sidepanel-close-icon":{"primary":"brandColorQuarternary"},"skip-link-products":{"alignItems":"center","display":"inline-flex","padding":"xs","textAlign":"center","variant":"button-outline"},"skip-link-table-of-contents-li-item":{"\u0026:last-of-type":{"mb":"0","pb":"0"},"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-18","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","margin":"0 0 0.75rem"},"skip-link-table-of-contents-li-item-link":{"textDecorationColor":"black","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem"},"skip-link-table-of-contents-title":{"borderBottom":"border-ml-brand-primary","display":"inline-block","fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-20","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","margin":"0","marginLeft":{"\u003csm":"1.8rem","lg":"1.2rem","md":"1.2rem"},"mb":"m","ml":{"\u003cmd":"m","lg":"1.2rem","md":"1.2rem"},"pb":"0.1rem","textTransform":"uppercase","width":"fit-content"},"skip-link-table-of-contents-wrapper":{"bg":{"_":"greyXlight","md":"unset","xxs":"greyXlight"},"border":{"md":"border-thin-grey","xxs":"none"},"borderColor":{"md":"grey"},"marginX":{"md":"0","xxs":"-15px"},"marginY":"s","padding":{"_":"{l} 0.938rem 2.5rem","md":"{l} 1.5rem 2.2rem","xxs":"{l} 0.938rem 2.5rem"}},"skip-to-content-link":{"border":"border-medium-white","boxShadow":"0 0 0 3px #55adff","variant":"button-quaternary"},"skip-to-section-link-anchor":{"a":{"transition":"color 0.3s ease-in-out"},"a:hover":{"color":"greyXdark"},"variant":"button-secondary"},"skip-to-section-link-nav-container":{"borderBottom":"border-thin-grey","borderTop":"border-thin-grey"},"social-link-list-menu-title":{"fontFamily":"BodySanSerif"},"social-link-list-tooltip":{"fontFamily":"BodySanSerif"},"sponsor-bar":{"variant":"ad-text-primary"},"sponsor-label":{"mb":"xs","textTransform":"none","variant":"ad-text-primary"},"sponsor-logo-separator":{"color":"greyXXXdark","p":"0 {xs} 0 {s}","variant":"ad-text-primary"},"spotlight-details":{"alignSelf":"flex-end","background":"transparent","m":{"_":"0 auto {s}","md":"0 auto {m}"},"px":{"_":"s","md":"xl"},"textAlign":"center"},"spotlight-hed":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorPrimary","transition":"color 0.3s ease-in-out"},"p":"0.6rem {m}","variant":"subheadline-primary"},"spotlight-label":{"variant":"label-primary"},"spotlight-logo":{"\u0026 img":{"height":"1.6rem"}},"star-rating-link":{"variant":"menu-primary"},"star-rating-stars-wrapper":{"paddingRight":"xxs"},"star-rating-text-container":{"mr":"xs"},"star-rating-value":{"variant":"menu-primary"},"star-rating-wrapper":{"marginY":"xs"},"statement-block":{"paddingY":{"\u003csm":"{*sizes.primitive-32}","md":"{*sizes.primitive-32}"}},"sticky-list-container":{"bg":"unset","li":{"flex":"1"},"m":{"\u003csm":"0","sm":"0 2.5rem","xxlg":"0 auto"},"ul":{"flex":"1","gap":"0","pb":"{*sizes.primitive-6}"}},"sticky-list-container-wrapper":{"borderBottom":"border-mlg-slate-950","height":"74px"},"sticky-list-item-link":{"\u0026:after":{"color":"gray-400","content":"'|'","fontSize":"font-size-16","pl":"{*sizes.primitive-20}","position":"absolute","right":"0"},"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorPrimary","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out"},"flex":"1 0","fontFamily":"MenuPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-18","justifyContent":"center","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-2","lineHeight":"lineheight-base","padding":"{*sizes.primitive-2} {*sizes.primitive-24} {*sizes.primitive-2} {*sizes.primitive-20}","position":"relative","textTransform":"uppercase"},"sticky-list-left-arrow-button":{"height":"100%","img":{"width":"{*sizes.iconSize.m}"},"primary":"brandColorPrimary"},"sticky-list-right-arrow-button":{"height":"calc(100% - 8px)","img":{"width":"{*sizes.iconSize.m}"},"primary":"brandColorPrimary"},"sticky-list-wrapper":{"\u0026 \u003e ul \u003e li:first-of-type":{"marginLeft":{"\u003cxs":"0"}},"li:last-child \u003e a":{"padding":{"\u003csm":"0 {*sizes.primitive-4} 0 {*sizes.primitive-20}"}},"li:last-child \u003e a:after":{"display":"none"}},"sticky-wrapper":{"mb":{"\u003csm":"s","sm":"m"}},"summary-view-container":{"marginY":"m"},"summary-view-headline":{"variant":"title-tertiary"},"summary-view-load-more-button":{"variant":"button-load-more-primary"},"summary-view-product-brand":{"fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-14","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-xlg"},"summary-view-product-button":{"variant":"button-primary"},"summary-view-product-button-container":{"marginY":{"lg":"0","md":"xs","xxs":"xs"}},"summary-view-product-custom-tag":{"marginBottom":"xxs","variant":"label-tag-primary"},"summary-view-product-discount":{"color":"globalColorDiscount","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-14","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-xlg","paddingTop":"xxs"},"summary-view-product-image-container":{},"summary-view-product-info":{},"summary-view-product-read-more":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"greyXXdark","transition":"all 0.1s ease-in-out"},"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-12","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-1","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","marginTop":"xxs","textTransform":"uppercase","variant":""},"summary-view-product-read-more-arrow":{"height":"0.75rem","marginTop":"0.02rem","primary":["black","greyXXdark"]},"summary-view-product-slide-number":{"fontFamily":"secondary","fontSize":"font-size-46","lineHeight":"lineheight-base"},"summary-view-product-title":{"fontFamily":"TitleSecondary","fontSize":"font-size-22","lineHeight":"lineheight-base","mb":{"\u003csm":"{*sizes.primitive-12}","md":"{*sizes.primitive-10}"},"mr":"s","mt":"{*sizes.primitive-12}","paddingRight":"xxs"},"summary-view-product-title-anchor":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"greyXXdark"}},"summary-view-product-wrapper":{"borderBottom":"border-thin-greyDark"},"summary-view-wrapper":{"marginBottom":"xxs"},"syndicated-link-link":{"variant":"body-primary"},"syndicated-link-text":{"variant":"body-primary"},"table-of-contents-title-place-holder":{"height":"{*space.m}","outline":"none"},"text-block-container":{"bg":"bg-block-content-text","p":"0 {s}"},"three-column":{"bg":"bg-block-three-col"},"unsave-button-icon":{"primary":"white"},"vertical-playlist-item-title":{"fontFamily":"BylinePrimary","fontSize":"font-size-18","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"vertical-playlist-title":{"display":"block","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-15","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-6","lineHeight":"lineheight-base","textTransform":"uppercase"},"video-chapter-button-load-more":{"padding":"{*sizes.primitive-8}","variant":"button-load-more-primary"},"video-chapter-card":{"\u0026.active:hover":{"backgroundColor":"brandColorPrimary"},"\u0026:hover":{"backgroundColor":"brandColorPrimary"},"transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out"},"video-chapter-description":{"variant":"body-2xs"},"video-chapter-duration":{"variant":"body-2xs"},"video-chapter-header":{"variant":"headline-s"},"video-chapter-icon":{"primary":["black","white"]},"video-chapter-icon-active":{"primary":"white"},"video-chapter-title":{"pb":"xxxs","textTransform":"capitalize","variant":"body-s"},"video-hub-byline":{"variant":"byline-primary"},"video-hub-title":{"variant":"item-title-stacked-feature-big-story-feed"},"watch-next-player-button-in-body":{"variant":"button-contained"},"watch-next-player-inner-wrapper-in-body":{"border":"border-none-transparent","borderBottom":"border-s-black","borderTop":"border-s-black","marginY":"m","p":"0 0 1rem"},"watch-next-player-title":{"p":"0 0 {xxxs}","variant":"headline-quaternary"},"watch-next-player-title-in-body":{"fontFamily":"tertiary","fontSize":"font-size-19","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-6","lineHeight":"lineheight-xs","textTransform":"uppercase"},"watch-next-player-video-title":{"variant":"title-quaternary"},"watch-next-player-video-title-in-body":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-17","lineHeight":"lineheight-md"},"watch-next-player-wrapper":{"my":"l"},"wide-marquee-content":{"bottom":{"_":"0","sm":"10%"},"m":"0 auto"},"wide-marquee-label":{"margin":"{xs} auto","variant":"label-tag-primary"},"wide-marquee-label-container":{},"wide-marquee-title":{"bg":"white","display":{"_":"block","sm":"unset"},"p":{"_":"{xs}","sm":"{s} {m}"},"variant":"headline-secondary"},"wide-marquee-title-only":{"variant":"headline-secondary"}},"variants":{"ad-leaderboard-wrapper":{"minHeight":{"md":"121px"}},"ad-text-primary":{"a":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"color-link-body-hover","textDecorationColor":"border-link-body-hover"},"color":"inherit","textDecoration":"underline","textDecorationColor":"inherit","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem","transition":"color 0.3s ease-in-out"},"fontFamily":"AdTextPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-11","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","textTransform":"none"},"ad-wrapper":{"minHeight":{"_":"523px","md":"138px"}},"block-header-column-after-title-three-column":{"content":"'//'","display":"inline","letterspacing":"letter-spacing-20"},"block-header-column-before-title-three-column":{"content":"'//'","display":"inline","left":"-{xxs}"},"body-2xl":{"fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-60","lg":"font-size-80","md":"font-size-60"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-base","lg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-base"}},"body-2xs":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-14","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"body-3xl":{"fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-60","lg":"font-size-96","md":"font-size-60"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-base","lg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-base"}},"body-3xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-12","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"body-4xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-11","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"body-l":{"fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-22","lg":"font-size-24","md":"font-size-22"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-xs"}},"body-m":{"fontSize":"font-size-19","lineHeight":"lineheight-xxlg"},"body-primary":{"\u0026 em":{"fontFamily":"BodyPrimary","fontStyle":"italic"},"\u0026 strong":{"fontFamily":"BodyPrimary","fontWeight":"bold"},"fontFamily":"BodyPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-19","lineHeight":"lineheight-xxlg"},"body-s":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-18","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"body-secondary":{"\u0026 em":{"fontFamily":"BodyTertiary","fontStyle":"italic"},"fontFamily":"BodyPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-16","lineHeight":"lineheight-lg"},"body-tertiary":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-15","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"body-xl":{"fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-28","lg":"font-size-36","md":"font-size-28"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs"}},"body-xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-16","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"breadcrumb-left-align":{"padding":{"lg":"1.25rem 0 0","md":"1.25rem 0 0","sm":"1.25rem 0 0 0","smd":"1.25rem 0 0","xlg":"1.25rem 0 0","xxlg":"1.25rem 0 0","xxxlg":"1.25rem 0 0"},"paddingLeft":{"sm":"0","xs":"0","xxs":"0"}},"breadcrumbs-link-primary":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"black","textDecoration":"underline","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem"},"textDecoration":"underline","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out"},"breadcrumbs-primary":{"color":"greyXXdark","fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-11","lineHeight":"lineheight-md"},"button-contained":{"\u0026:focus":{"outline":"outline-focus-black","outlineOffset":"{*sizes.outlineOffset.outline-offset-s}"},"\u0026:hover":{"bg":"black","border":"border-thin-transparent","color":"white"},"bg":"brandColorPrimary","border":"border-thin-transparent","borderRadius":"0","color":"white","fontFamily":"ButtonPrimary","fontSize":{"\u003cxxs":"font-size-12","lg":"font-size-14","xs:md":"font-size-14"},"letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-4","lineHeight":{"\u003cxxs":"lineheight-base","lg":"lineheight-base","xs:md":"lineheight-base"},"padding":{"\u003csm":"0.7rem","lg ":"0.8125rem {m}","md":"{0.8125rem} {m}","sm":"0.7rem 1rem"},"textDecoration":"none","textTransform":"uppercase","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out","width":"auto"},"button-cta-link-embed-gallery":{"a.body-btn-link":{"\u0026:hover":{"bg":"black","color":"white"},"bg":"brandColorPrimary","display":"inline-block","marginY":"xxs","mt":"xxs"}},"button-cta-link-overlay":{"a":{"textDecorationColor":"white"},"a.body-btn-link":{"\u0026:hover":{"bg":"white","color":"black"},"bg":"brandColorPrimary"}},"button-discount-contained":{"\u0026:hover":{"bg":"bg-discount","border":"unset"},"bg":"bg-discount","border":"unset","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","outline":"0.125rem dotted {*colors.greenDark}","textTransform":"uppercase"},"button-discount-contained-OnDark":{"\u0026:hover":{"bg":"bg-discount-onDark","border":"unset"},"bg":"bg-discount-onDark","border":"unset","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","outline":"0.125rem dotted {*colors.greenLight}","textTransform":"uppercase"},"button-discount-outline":{"\u0026:hover":{"bg":"bg-discount","border":"unset"},"bg":"unset","border":"unset","color":"text-discount","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","outline":"0.125rem dotted {*colors.greenDark}","textTransform":"uppercase"},"button-discount-outline-OnDark":{"\u0026:hover":{"bg":"bg-discount-onDark","border":"unset"},"bg":"unset","border":"unset","color":"text-discount-onDark","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","outline":"0.125rem dotted {*colors.greenLight}","textTransform":"uppercase"},"button-load-more-primary":{"\u0026:hover":{"bg":"greyLight","border":"border-xxs-black"},"bg":"white","border":"border-thin-black","borderRadius":"0","color":"black","fontFamily":"ButtonPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-14","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-4","lineHeight":"lineheight-base","padding":{"\u003csm":"{*sizes.primitive-12} {m} {*sizes.primitive-13}","lg ":"{*sizes.primitive-12} {m} {*sizes.primitive-13}","md":"{*sizes.primitive-12} {m} {*sizes.primitive-13}","sm\u003e":"{*sizes.primitive-12} {m} {*sizes.primitive-13}"},"textTransform":"uppercase","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out","width":"100%"},"button-outline":{"\u0026:focus":{"outline":"outline-focus-black","outlineOffset":"{*sizes.outlineOffset.outline-offset-s}"},"\u0026:hover":{"bg":"greyLight","border":"border-thin-black"},"bg":"white","border":"border-thin-black","borderRadius":"0","color":"black","fontFamily":"ButtonPrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-14","lg":"font-size-14","md":"font-size-14"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-base","lg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-base"},"padding":{"\u003csm":"0.7rem","lg ":"0.8125rem {m}","md":"{0.8125rem} {m}","sm":"0.7rem 1rem"},"svg \u003e path":{"fill":"black"},"textDecoration":"none","textTransform":"uppercase","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out","width":"auto"},"button-primary":{"\u0026:hover":{"bg":"black","border":"border-none-transparent","color":"white"},"bg":"brandColorPrimary","color":"white","fontFamily":"ButtonPrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-14","lg":"font-size-14","md":"font-size-14"},"letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-4","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-base","lg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-base"},"p":"{xs} {m}","padding":{"\u003csm":"0.7rem 1rem 0.75rem","lg ":"{0.8125rem} {1.25rem} {0.9rem}","md":"{0.8125rem} {1.25rem} {0.9rem}","sm\u003e":"0.7rem 1rem 0.75rem"},"textTransform":"uppercase","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out","width":"auto"},"button-quaternary":{"bg":"black","borderRadius":"l","fontFamily":"AdTextPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-14","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-base","p":"{xs} {m}","width":"auto"},"button-secondary":{"fontFamily":"ButtonPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-14","textTransform":"uppercase"},"button-text":{"\u0026:focus":{"outline":"outline-focus-black","outlineOffset":"{*sizes.outlineOffset.outline-offset-s}"},"\u0026:hover":{"background":"none","color":"greyXXdark","textDecorationColor":"greyXXdark"},"bg":"transparent","color":"black","fontFamily":"ButtonPrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-14","lg":"font-size-14","md":"font-size-14"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-base","lg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-base"},"padding":{"\u003csm":"0.7rem","lg ":"0.8125rem {m}","md":"{0.8125rem} {m}","sm":"0.7rem 1rem"},"textDecoration":"underline","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem","textTransform":"uppercase","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out","width":"auto"},"button-text-onDark":{"\u0026:focus":{"outline":"outline-focus-white"},"\u0026:hover":{"color":"neutral-300","textDecorationColor":"neutral-300"},"color":"white","fontSize":"font-size-11","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","variant":"button-text"},"byline-capitalize-primary":{"fontFamily":"BylinePrimary","fontSize":"font-size-12","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","textTransform":"capitalize"},"byline-link-primary":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"black","textDecoration":"underline","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem"},"textDecoration":"underline","textDecorationThickness":"0.0625rem","textUnderlineOffset":"0.25rem","transition":"all 0.3s ease-in-out"},"byline-lowercase-primary":{"fontFamily":"BylinePrimary","fontSize":"font-size-12","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","textTransform":"lowercase"},"byline-primary":{"color":"black","display":"inline-block","fontFamily":"BylinePrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-11","lg":"font-size-11","md":"0.0006"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-md","lg":"lineheight-md","md":"lineheight-md"},"textTransform":"uppercase"},"byline-secondary":{"fontFamily":"BylinePrimary","fontSize":"font-size-11","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","textTransform":"uppercase"},"byline-tertiary":{"fontFamily":"BodyPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-11","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"byline-transform-none-primary":{"fontFamily":"BylinePrimary","fontSize":"font-size-12","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","textTransform":"none"},"byline-uppercase-primary":{"fontFamily":"BylinePrimary","fontSize":"font-size-11","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","textTransform":"uppercase"},"chip-label":{"fontFamily":"","fontSize":"font-size-11","lineHeight":"lineheight-base"},"content-header-text-only":{"margin":{"lg":"0 auto","md":"0 auto","sm":"0 1rem","smd":"0","xlg":"0 auto","xxlg":"0 auto","xxxlg":"auto"},"marginLeft":{"lg":"calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2)","smd":"calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2)","xlg":"calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2)","xxlg":"calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem) - 1rem - 20.625rem) / 2)","xxxlg":"calc((100vw - calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem)) / 2)"},"maxWidth":{"lg":"40.25rem","md":"40.25rem","smd":"calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem)","xlg":"calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem)","xxlg":"calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem)","xxxlg":"calc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem)"},"padding":{"lg":"0 1rem","md":"0 1rem","sm":"0","smd":"0 1rem","xlg":"0 1rem","xxlg":"0 1rem","xxxlg":"0 1rem"},"textAlign":"left"},"content-header-text-only-embedded":{"margin":{"lg":"0 auto","md":"0 auto","sm":"0 1rem","smd":"0","xlg":"0 auto","xxlg":"0 auto","xxxlg":"auto"},"marginLeft":{"lg":"calc((100vw - 59.625rem) / 2)","smd":"calc((100vw - 40.225rem) / 2)","xlg":"calc((100vw - 58.825rem) / 2)","xxlg":"calc((100vw - 57.025rem) / 2)","xxxlg":"calc((100vw - 42rem) / 2)"},"maxWidth":{"lg":"40.25rem","md":"40.25rem","smd":"40.25rem","xlg":"40.25rem","xxlg":"40.25rem","xxxlg":"40.25rem"},"padding":{"lg":"0 1rem","md":"0 1rem","sm":"0","smd":"0 1rem","xlg":"0 1rem","xxlg":"0 1rem","xxxlg":"0 1rem"},"textAlign":"left"},"dek-primary":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary","fontFamily":"DekPrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-16","lg":"font-size-16","md":"font-size-15"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-md","lg":"lineheight-md","md":"lineheight-md"},"mb":"0.3125rem"},"dropdown-text-primary":{"fontFamily":"MenuPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-14","lineHeight":"lineheight-xxlg","textTransform":"capitalize"},"four-across-block-longform-article":{"\u0026:not(:first-of-type)":{"gridRowGap":{"\u003cmd":"0","md":"xs"},"pt":{"\u003cmd":"0","md":"0"}}},"four-across-block-standard-article":{"\u0026:not(:first-of-type)":{"gridRowGap":{"\u003cmd":"0","md":"xs"},"pt":{"\u003cmd":"0","md":"0"}}},"headline-2xl":{"fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-36","lg":"font-size-48","md":"font-size-36"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-xs"}},"headline-2xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-16","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"headline-3xl":{"fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-48","lg":"font-size-60","md":"font-size-48"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"}},"headline-3xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-14","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"headline-l":{"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-24","lg":"font-size-28","md":"font-size-24"},"fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs"}},"headline-m":{"fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-22","lg":"font-size-24","md":"font-size-22"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-xs"}},"headline-primary":{"fontFamily":"HeadlinePrimary"},"headline-quaternary":{"fontFamily":"secondary","fontSize":"font-size-28","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-20","lineHeight":"lineheight-base","textTransform":"uppercase"},"headline-s":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-20","lg":"font-size-22","md":"font-size-20"},"fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"}},"headline-secondary":{"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","textTransform":"uppercase"},"headline-tertiary":{"fontFamily":"tertiary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-45","lg":"font-size-60","md":"font-size-52","xlg":"4.33692"},"fontWeight":"bold","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-n4","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-base","lg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-base","xlg":"lineheight-base"}},"headline-xl":{"fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-28","lg":"font-size-36","md":"font-size-28"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs"}},"headline-xs":{"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-18","lg":"font-size-20","md":"font-size-18"},"fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"}},"immersive-toc":{"[data-theme-key='carousel-hed']":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-28","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-xlg","textTransform":"capitalize"},"[data-theme-key='carousel-item']":{"pr":"s"},"[data-theme-key='carousel-mini-card-dek']":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-11","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","textDecoration":"underline"},"[data-theme-key='carousel-mini-card-heading']":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-12","fontWeight":"normal","lineHeight":"lineheight-md","textTransform":"none"}},"item-big-story":{"textAlign":"center"},"item-big-story-feed":{"p":"0","textAlign":"center"},"item-byline-ad-three-column":{"display":"block","mt":"s"},"item-byline-big-story-feed":{"color":"greyXxdark","display":"block","mb":{"\u003csm":"-0.5","lg":"-0.5","md":"-0.5"},"pr":"xxs"},"item-byline-column-big-story-feed":{"display":"block"},"item-byline-four-across":{"color":"greyXxdark","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-11","lg":"font-size-11","md":"font-size-11"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-base","lg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-base"},"mt":"0"},"item-byline-imageright-big-story":{"color":"black","display":"block","mt":"m","pr":"xxs"},"item-byline-noimage-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"color":"black","display":{"\u003csm":"block","md":"inline","sm\u003e":"block"},"mt":{"\u003csm":"xs","md":"0","sm\u003e":"0"},"pr":"xs"},"item-byline-noimage-big-story":{"color":"white","display":"block"},"item-byline-noimage-feature-big-story-feed":{"color":"black","display":{"\u003csm":"block","md":"inline","sm\u003e":"block"},"mt":{"md":"0","sm\u003e":"0"},"pr":"xs"},"item-byline-stacked-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"color":"greyXxdark","display":"block"},"item-byline-stacked-feature-big-story-feed":{},"item-byline-three-column":{"color":"black","display":"block","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-base","lg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-base"}},"item-byline-under-ad-big-story":{"color":"white"},"item-byline-under-big-story":{"color":"black","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-11","lg":"font-size-11","md":"font-size-11"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","leg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-md"},"pr":"xxs"},"item-column-right-basefeed-ad-big-story-feed":{"mb":{"\u003csm":"s"}},"item-column-right-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"h2 span":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary"}},"mb":{"\u003csm":"0","md":"s"},"ml":{"\u003csm":"-1rem","md":"0"},"mt":{"\u003csm":"s","md":"0"}},"item-content-big-story":{"width":{"\u003csm":"100vw","sm":"100vw"}},"item-content-big-story-feed":{"bg":"bg-block-content-big-story-feed-colright-feature","h2 span":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary"}},"mb":"0","ml":{"\u003csm":"-1rem","md":"0","sm\u003e":"0","xxs":"0"},"mt":{"\u003csm":"0","lg":"0","md":"0","sm\u003e":"0","xxs":"-0.5rem"},"padding":{"\u003csm":"2.5rem {s}","lg":"2rem 3.5rem","sm\u003e":"m","xxs":"1.5rem {s}"}},"item-content-column-right-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"bg":"bg-block-content-big-story-feed-colright-basefeed"},"item-content-four-across":{"bg":"white","h2 span":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary"}},"p":"s","pb":"l","textAlign":"left"},"item-content-imageright-ad-big-story":{"bg":"bg-block-content-big-story-imageright-ad","h2 span":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"greyLight"}},"ml":{"\u003csm":"-1rem","md":"0","sm\u003e":"0","xxs":"-1rem"},"mt":{"xxs":"-0.5rem"},"padding":{"\u003csm":"m","lg":"2rem 3.5rem","sm\u003e":"m"},"textAlign":"center","width":{"\u003csm":"100vw","md":"100%","sm\u003e":"100%","xxs":"100vw"}},"item-content-imageright-big-story":{"bg":"white","h2 span":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary"}},"mb":{"xxs":"1rem"},"ml":{"\u003csm":"-1rem","md":"0","sm\u003e":"0","xxs":"-1rem"},"mt":{"xxs":"-0.5rem"},"padding":{"\u003csm":"2.5rem {s}","lg":"0rem 2.5rem 2rem","sm\u003e":"m","xxs":"1.5rem {s}"},"textAlign":{"\u003cs":"center","m":"left","xxs":"center"},"width":{"\u003csm":"100vw","md":"100%","sm\u003e":"100%","xxs":"100vw"}},"item-content-noimage-ad-big-story":{"bg":"bg-block-content-big-story-noimage-ad"},"item-content-noimage-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"bg":"bg-block-content-big-story-feed-noimage-basefeed","borderBottom":"border-xxs-black","h2 span":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary"}},"pb":"s","pt":"s"},"item-content-noimage-big-story":{"bg":"black","h2 span":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"greyLight"}}},"item-content-noimage-feature-big-story-feed":{"bg":"bg-block-content-big-story-feed-noimage-feature","borderBottom":"border-xxs-black","h2 span":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary"}},"mb":{"\u003csm":"0","lg":"-1rem","md":"0"},"pb":"s","pt":"s"},"item-content-stacked-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"bg":"bg-block-content-big-story-feed-stacked-basefeed"},"item-content-stacked-feature-big-story-feed":{"bg":"bg-block-content-big-story-feed-stacked-feature","h2 span":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary"}},"marginTop":"l","mb":{"md":"s","sm\u003e":"s"},"ml":{"\u003csm":"-1rem","md":"0","sm\u003e":"0"},"mt":{"\u003csm":"-0.5rem","md":"0","sm\u003e":"0"},"padding":{"\u003csm":"2.5rem {s}","lg":"2rem 3.5rem","sm\u003e":"m","xxs":"2.5rem {s}"},"textAlign":"center","width":{"\u003csm":"100vw","md":"100%","sm\u003e":"100%"}},"item-content-three-column":{"bg":"bg-block-content-three-col","h2 span":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary"}}},"item-content-under-ad-big-story":{"bg":"black","h2 span":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"greyLight"}},"mb":{"\u003csm":"1rem","xxs":"1rem"},"ml":{"\u003csm":"-1rem","md":"0","sm\u003e":"0","xxs":"-1rem"},"mt":"-0.9375rem","padding":{"\u003csm":"2.5rem {s}","lg":"2rem 3.5rem","sm\u003e":"m","xxs":"2.5rem {s}"},"textAlign":"center","width":{"\u003csm":"100vw","md":"100%","sm\u003e":"100vw","xxs":"100vw"}},"item-content-under-big-story":{"bg":"white","h2 span":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary"}},"ml":{"\u003csm":"-1rem","md":"0","sm\u003e":"0"},"mt":{"\u003csm":"-0.5rem"},"padding":{"\u003csm":"2.5rem {s}","lg":"2rem 3.5rem","sm\u003e":"m","xxs":"1.5rem {s}"},"textAlign":"center","width":{"\u003csm":"100vw","md":"100%","sm":"100vw","sm\u003e":"100vw"}},"item-dek-big-story":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-18","lg":"font-size-23","md":"font-size-19"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs"}},"item-dek-big-story-feed":{"color":"black","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-16","lg":"font-size-19","md":"font-size-18"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-md","lg":"lineheight-md","md":"lineheight-md"},"mb":"0.3125rem"},"item-dek-column-right-feature-ad-big-story-feed":{"paddingTop":{"_":"xxs","md":"xs"}},"item-dek-column-right-feature-big-story-feed":{"paddingTop":{"_":"xxs","md":"xs"}},"item-dek-four-across":{"color":"black"},"item-dek-imageright-big-story":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-16","lg":"font-size-16","md":"font-size-15"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-md","lg":"lineheight-md","md":"lineheight-md"},"mt":{"\u003csm":"s","lg":"s","md":""}},"item-dek-noimage-big-story":{"color":"white","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-16","lg":"font-size-16","md":"font-size-15"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-md","lg":"lineheight-md","md":"lineheight-md"},"mb":{"\u003csm":"s","lg":"s","md":"s"}},"item-dek-noimage-feature-ad-big-story-feed":{"paddingTop":{"_":"xxs","md":"xs"}},"item-dek-noimage-feature-big-story-feed":{"paddingTop":{"_":"xxs","md":"xs"}},"item-dek-stacked-feature-ad-big-story-feed":{"paddingTop":{"_":"xxs","md":"xs"}},"item-dek-stacked-feature-big-story-feed":{"paddingTop":{"_":"xxs","md":"xs"}},"item-dek-under-ad-big-story":{"color":"white"},"item-dek-under-big-story":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-16","lg":"font-size-16","md":"font-size-15"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-md","lg":"lineheight-md","md":"lineheight-md"},"mb":"s","mt":"xs"},"item-four-across":{"bg":"white"},"item-header-three-column":{"display":"block","mb":"0.5","position":"relative","textAlign":"center","width":"100%"},"item-heading-three-column":{"\u0026 a":{"color":"brandColorPrimary"},"color":"black","display":"block","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-11","lg":"font-size-11","md":"font-size-11"},"mb":"l","pb":"xxs","textAlign":"center","textTransform":"uppercase"},"item-image-link-big-story":{"mb":"0"},"item-image-link-big-story-feed":{"marginBottom":"0","mb":{"l":"0","m":"0","s":"0"}},"item-imagelink-column-big-story-feed":{"mb":{"l":"0","m":"0","s":"0"}},"item-imagelink-imageright-ad-big-story":{"mb":"0"},"item-imagelink-imageright-big-story":{"mb":"0"},"item-imageright-ad-big-story":{"bg":"bg-block-content-big-story-imageright-ad","textAlign":"center"},"item-imageright-big-story":{"bg":"white"},"item-label-big-story-feed":{"mt":"0"},"item-label-noimage-big-story-feed":{"mb":"m"},"item-label-under-ad-big-story":{"bg":"white","color":"black"},"item-noimage-ad-big-story":{"padding":{"\u003csm":"m","md":"2rem 3.5rem"},"textAlign":"center"},"item-noimage-big-story":{"bg":"black","left":{"\u003csm":"-1rem","lg":"0","md":"0"},"margin":{"\u003csm":"{m} {0}"},"padding":{"\u003csm":"2.5rem {s}","lg":"2rem 3.5rem","sm\u003e":"m","xxs":"2.5rem {s}"},"textAlign":"center","width":{"\u003csm":"100vw","lg":"100%","md":"100%"}},"item-publish-date-big-story":{"color":"white"},"item-publish-date-big-story-feed":{"color":"greyXxdark","display":"block"},"item-publish-date-column-big-story-feed":{"display":"block"},"item-publish-date-four-across":{"color":"greyXxdark","display":{"\u003csm":"block","lg":"inline","md":"block"},"fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-11","lg":"font-size-11","md":"font-size-11"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-base","lg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-base"},"mt":{"\u003csm":"0.5rem","lg":"-0.5rem","md":"0"}},"item-publish-date-imageright-big-story":{"color":"black","display":"inline-block"},"item-publish-date-noimage-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"\u0026:before":{"margin":"{0.2rem} {xs} {0.05rem} {0}"},"color":"black","display":{"\u003csm":"inline","md":"inline","sm\u003e":"inline"}},"item-publish-date-noimage-big-story":{"color":"white","display":"block"},"item-publish-date-noimage-feature-big-story-feed":{"\u0026:before":{"margin":"{0.2rem} {xs} {0.05rem} {0}"},"color":"black","display":{"\u003csm":"block","md":"inline","sm\u003e":"block"},"mt":{"\u003csm":"0.2rem","md":"0","sm\u003e":"0.2rem"}},"item-publish-date-stacked-feature-big-story-feed":{"display":"block"},"item-publish-date-three-column":{"display":"block","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-base","lg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-base"}},"item-publish-date-under-ad-big-story":{"color":"white"},"item-publish-date-under-big-story":{"color":"black","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-11","lg":"font-size-11","md":"font-size-11"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","leg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-md"}},"item-stacked-feature-big-story-feed":{"mb":{"\u003csm":"1rem"},"padding":{"\u003csm":"0","sm\u003e":"0"},"textAlign":"center"},"item-three-column":{"h2 span":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary"}}},"item-title-big-story":{"fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-31","lg":"font-size-38","md":"font-size-34"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"}},"item-title-big-story-feed":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary"},"fontFamily":"HeadlineSecondary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-35","lg":"font-size-47","md":"font-size-37"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs"},"mb":{"\u003csm":"0.5rem","lg":"0.5rem","md":"0.5rem"}},"item-title-four-across":{"fontFamily":"HeadlineTertiary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-18","lg":"font-size-20","md":"font-size-19"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm","sm\u003e":"lineheight-sm"},"mt":{"\u003csm":"xs","lg":"s","md":"0rem"}},"item-title-imageright-big-story":{"\u0026:after":{},"display":"inline","fontFamily":"HeadlineSecondary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-31","lg":"font-size-47","md":"font-size-41"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs"},"mb":"0.5rem"},"item-title-noimage-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-16","lg":"font-size-16","md":"font-size-16"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"},"mb":{"\u003csm":"0.02rem","lg":"0.02rem","md":"0.02rem"},"textAlign":"left"},"item-title-noimage-big-story":{"color":"white","fontFamily":"HeadlineSecondary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-34","lg":"font-size-50","md":"font-size-47"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"},"mb":"s"},"item-title-noimage-feature-big-story-feed":{"display":"inline","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-16","lg":"font-size-16","md":"font-size-16"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs"},"mb":{"\u003csm":"0.02rem","lg":"0.02rem","md":"0.02rem"},"textAlign":"left"},"item-title-stacked-basefeed-big-story-feed":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary"},"fontFamily":"HeadlineTertiary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-17","lg":"font-size-18","md":"font-size-18"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs"}},"item-title-stacked-feature-big-story-feed":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary"},"display":"inline","fontFamily":"HeadlineSecondary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-35","lg":"font-size-47","md":"font-size-38"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs"}},"item-title-three-column":{"\u0026 a":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary"}},"fontFamily":"HeadlineTertiary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-17","lg":"font-size-16","md":"font-size-14"},"h2 span":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary"}},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"},"pr":{"\u003csm":"1rem"}},"item-title-under-ad-big-story":{"fontFamily":"HeadlineSecondary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-31","lg":"font-size-39","md":"font-size-34"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"}},"item-title-under-big-story":{"color":"black","display":"inline","fontFamily":"HeadlineSecondary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-35","lg":"font-size-47","md":"font-size-39"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-xs","lg":"lineheight-xs","md":"lineheight-xs"}},"label-2xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-13","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"label-3xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-12","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"label-4xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-11","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"label-header-primary":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-16","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-md","lg":"lineheight-md","md":"lineheight-md"},"textTransform":"uppercase"},"label-primary":{"bg":"black","clipPath":"polygon(.3125rem 0,100% 0,100% 1.4rem,0 1.4rem,0 0.3125rem)","color":"white","display":"inline-block","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-11","lg":"font-size-11","md":"font-size-11"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"0.4","lg":"0.4","md":"0.4"},"mb":"0.9rem","mt":"xs","padding":"xs","textTransform":"uppercase"},"label-secondary":{"fontFamily":"TitleSecondary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-13","lg":"font-size-17","md":"font-size-13"},"fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-base","lg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-base"}},"label-tag-primary":{"bg":"brandColorTertiary","fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-14","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"},"padding":"0.4rem {xs} {xxxs}","textTransform":"uppercase","width":"fit-content"},"label-tag-primary-darkbg":{"bg":"greyXXXdark","color":"white","fontFamily":"LabelPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-13","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-max","padding":"{xxxs} {xs}","textAlign":"center","textTransform":"uppercase","width":"fit-content"},"label-tertiary":{"display":"inline-block","fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-14","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"},"textTransform":"uppercase"},"label-xs":{"fontSize":"font-size-14","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"left-align-action-block":{"alignItems":"flex-start"},"left-align-byline":{"mr":"xs"},"left-align-content-dek":{"textAlign":"left"},"left-align-enhanced-byline-container":{"justifyContent":"flex-start","margin":"0","pt":"xxs"},"left-align-enhanced-byline-label":{"paddingRight":{"\u003csm":"xs"}},"left-align-enhanced-byline-wrapper":{"justifyContent":"start"},"left-align-publish-date":{"ml":"0"},"menu-primary":{"fontFamily":"MenuPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-14"},"menu-quaternary":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":{"lg":"font-size-16","md":"font-size-16","xxs":"font-size-14"},"textTransform":"uppercase"},"menu-secondary":{"color":"brandColorQuarternary","fontFamily":"MenuPrimary","fontSize":"font-size-13"},"menu-tertiary":{"color":"black","fontFamily":"MenuPrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-13","md":"font-size-13"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"}},"nav-with-sponsor":{"bg":"white","borderBottom":"border-thin-grey"},"overlay-item-slide-number-landscape":{"color":"white","fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-14","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"overlay-item-slide-number-portrait":{"color":"white","fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-14","fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"overlay-item-text":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-14","lineHeight":"lineheight-md"},"repositioned-disclaimer":{"\u0026 p":{"padding":"0","pl":"0","pr":"0","textAlign":"center"},"bg":"white","margin":"{xs} {0} {0}","maxWidth":{"md:smd":"45.25rem"},"padding":"{s} {xs}","pl":{"md:smd":"3.5rem"},"pr":{"md:smd":"3.5rem"},"width":"auto"},"saved-headline-dek":{"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontSize":"font-size-19","lineHeight":"lineheight-sm"},"saved-headline-primary":{"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-24","lg":"font-size-28"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"}},"saved-headline-title":{"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-24","lg":"font-size-28"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"}},"small-specs-error-text-primary":{"color":"globalColorError","fontFamily":"Inter, Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif","fontSize":"font-size-11","fontWeight":"normal","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-6","lineHeight":"lineheight-xs"},"small-specs-label-text-primary":{"color":"greyXXdark","fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":"font-size-11","fontWeight":"normal","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-6","lineHeight":"lineheight-xs","textTransform":"none"},"small-specs-label-text-secondary":{"color":"greyXXdark","fontFamily":"Inter, Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif","fontSize":"font-size-11","fontWeight":"normal","letterSpacing":"letter-spacing-6","lineHeight":"lineheight-xs","textTransform":"none"},"specs-item-primary":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-16","lg":"font-size-14","md":"font-size-16"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-lg","lg":"lineheight-lg","md":"lineheight-lg"}},"spotlight-hed-dark":{"bg":"white"},"spotlight-hed-light":{"\u0026:hover":{"color":"grey"},"bg":"black"},"spotlight-label-dark":{"bg":"black"},"spotlight-label-light":{"bg":"white"},"subheadline-primary":{"display":"block","fontFamily":"SubheadlinePrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-11","lg":"font-size-11","md":"font-size-11"},"lineHeight":"lineheight-sm","padding":"s"},"title-design-element-editorial-links-header-after":{"bg":"black","content":"''","display":"block","height":"0.125rem","mb":"xxs","position":"relative","top":"-0.4rem","zIndex":"-1"},"title-design-element-secondary-after":{"bg":"brandColorSecondary","content":"''","display":"block","height":"0.75rem","margin":"0.75rem auto","width":"3rem"},"title-primary":{"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-16","lg":"font-size-16","md":"font-size-15"},"fontWeight":"100","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-md","lg":"lineheight-md","md":"lineheight-md"},"mb":{"\u003csm":"1rem","md":"0.5rem"}},"title-quaternary":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-18","lg":"font-size-18","md":"font-size-18"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"}},"title-quinary":{"fontFamily":"TitlePrimary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-16","lg":"font-size-21","md":"font-size-21"},"lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-sm","lg":"lineheight-sm","md":"lineheight-sm"},"mb":{"\u003csm":"xs","md":"s"}},"title-secondary":{"fontFamily":"TitleSecondary","fontWeight":"bold"},"title-tertiary":{"fontFamily":"primary","fontSize":{"\u003csm":"font-size-31","lg":"font-size-35","md":"font-size-31"},"fontWeight":"bold","lineHeight":{"\u003csm":"lineheight-base","lg":"lineheight-base","md":"lineheight-base"}}}}}]},"lang_tag":"en-US","displayType":"standard-article","layoutContextProps":{"siteData":{"metadata":{"adConfig":{"bu":"HDM","site":"popularmechanics","zone":"/36117602/hdm-popularmechanics/","bidders":{"IX":{"d":{"ga":"670278","gb":"670282","la":"670277","lb":"670283","brk":"670280","garb":"670279","brkrr":"670281"},"m":{"ga":"670284","gb":"670285","lb":"670287","adh":"670288","brk":"670286"},"v":"942443"},"APN":{"d":{"ga":"10583173","gb":"10583174","la":"10583175","lb":"10583176","brk":"14483476","garb":"14355616","brkrr":"14483475"},"m":{"ga":"10583181","gb":"10583183","lb":"10583184","adh":"16121061","brk":"14665711"},"v":"14741856"},"KAR":{"m":{"gb":"_i4hz9fRkrY","lb":"_i5YWceu6P7","adh":"_sfKO1a02wC","gabrk":"_jK5-pqaWssg"},"v":"_yfkIuduIfH"},"MAG":{"d":{"ga":"2040688","gb":"2040698","la":"2040686","lb":"2040700","brk":"2040692","garb":"2040690","brkrr":"2040696"},"m":{"ga":"2040702","gb":"2040704","lb":"2040708","adh":"2040710","brk":"2040706"},"v":"2731522","siteId":"369890","accountId":"11636"},"TDS":{"d":{"tdsArt":"112044","tdsBrk":"112043"},"m":{"tdsArt":"112043"},"pageId":"103520","pageIdDesktop300":"113871"},"TPL":{"d":{"ga":"popularmechanics_templated_300x400_atf_PB","gb":"popularmechanics_templated_300x400_btf_PB","lb":"popularmechanics_970x250_btf_PB","brkrr":"popularmechanics_templated_300x400_breaker_PB","la728":"popularmechanics_728x90_HDX_PB","la970":"popularmechanics_970x250_PB"},"m":{"ga":"popularmechanics_templated_300x250_flex_atf_m_PB","lb":"popularmechanics_templated_300x250_flex_btf_m_PB","adh":"PopularMechanics_320x50_HDX_PB","brk":"popularmechanics_templated_300x250_flex_breaker_m_PB"}},"TTD":{"d":{"ttd":"desktop"},"m":{"ttd":"mobile"},"v":"video","siteId":"hdm-popularmechanics","supplySourceId":"hearstmagazines"},"AMZN":"3049","APNhdmuk":{"d":{"ga":"23459041","gb":"23459042","la":"23459043","lb":"23459044","brk":"23459048","brkrr":"23459049"},"m":{"ga":"23459045","gb":"23459046","lb":"23459047","brk":"23459050"},"v":"23459051"}},"modules":{"ias":{"pubId":"931694"},"sst":{"server":"www-sst.popularmechanics.com"},"meta":{"id":"690796760981964","cur":"USD"},"optable":{"slug":"prod-popularmechanics-com","geoWhitelist":["US"]},"parsely":{"siteId":"popularmechanics.com"},"actionIQ":{"writeKey":"mediaos-popularmechanics-prod","cnameRecord":"https://aiq-in.popularmechanics.com","geoWhitelist":["US"]},"comscore":{"c2":6035258},"oneTrust":{"doNotSellUrlOverride":"/about/a42158909/do-not-sell-my-personal-information/"},"sailthru":{"ids":{"production":"e36a7774743e8dedc27b5cc8d4241a95"}},"truedata":{"ep":"td.popularmechanics.com","cid":"10458","scid":"115"},"permutive":{"apiKey":"7d237500-e85c-4846-9eb8-5635df7b050c","locale":"US","currency":"USD","workspaceId":"eb036676-52ea-47b5-a2f6-fcfb4ece9c00","geoWhitelist":"US"},"optimizely":{"webSnippetId":"21018620252","webSnippetKey":"us_popularmechanics"},"trueAnthem":"hearst","blockthrough":{"id":"6316821519007744"},"brandMetrics":{"siteId":"popularmechanics.com","accountId":"a6a45799-d06f-4cce-9dd7-4a947f7e7816"},"googleAnalytics":{"measurementId":"G-FB55WFVWBS"}},"adBundle":[],"settings":{"mobileStickyAds":true,"enableVerityTags":true},"siteList":["www.popularmechanics.com"]},"commerce":{"cons":"Cons","pros":"Pros","affiliate":{"url":"https://assets.hearstapps.com/commerce/release/affiliate-bundle.master.js","amazon":{"market":"HMG-US","default":{"sem":"pop-lift-20","tag":"popularmechanics_auto-append-20","icxId":"10060","social":"pop-soc-lift-20"}},"skimlinks":{"market":"HMG-US","default":{"url":"//s.skimresources.com/js/74968X1525083.skimlinks.js"}},"trackonomics":{"cipd2":"pop"}}},"ciam":{"clientId":"35hrtv401vr6kfniu4r980hkda","loginURL":"https://www.mylo.id"},"copyright":"Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved.","defaults":{"aboutUsLink":"https://popularmechanics.com/about/a45/about-us/","siteAddress":{"postalCode":"10019","addressRegion":"NY","streetAddress":"300 W 57th Street","addressCountry":"US","addressLocality":"New York"},"parentOrganization":{"url":"https://www.hearst.com/magazines","sameAs":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearst_Magazines","https://www.instagram.com/hearstmagazines/","https://www.linkedin.com/company/hearst-magazines/posts/"],"parentOrgAddress":{"postalCode":"10019","addressRegion":"NY","streetAddress":"300 W 57th Street","addressCountry":"US","addressLocality":"New York"}}},"disclaimerLink":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/about/a29149305/popular-mechanics-gear-reviews/","icxSiteId":"10060","networkName":"Hearst Men's and Enthusiast Media Group","networkTagLine":"A Part of Hearst Digital Media","oneTrustDomainId":"4a26cfdb-2c0c-40f8-972f-558d4bebc170","optimizely":{"webSnippetId":"21018620252","webSnippetKey":"us_popularmechanics"},"payWallSchema":{"freeTags":["most-popular"]},"siteAcronym":"POP","social":{"networks":{"x":{"socialUrl":"https://x.com/PopMech"},"line":[],"qzone":[],"weibo":[],"douyin":[],"tiktok":{"socialUrl":"https://www.tiktok.com/@popularmechanics?lang=en"},"tumblr":[],"youtube":{"socialUrl":"https://www.youtube.com/c/popularmechanics?sub_confirmation=1"},"facebook":{"appId":"218456798186610","socialUrl":"https://www.facebook.com/popularmechanics"},"instagram":{"socialUrl":"https://www.instagram.com/popularmechanics/"},"pinterest":{"socialUrl":"https://www.pinterest.com/popmech/?auto_follow=1"},"wikipedia":{"socialUrl":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Mechanics"},"googleplus":{"socialUrl":"https://plus.google.com/+PopularMechanics","webmasterTools":"98saqo61zkfl_yfZaXKLgLkazlZwpUcMCkqCFEO-O18"}}},"spotim":{"id":{"prod":"sp_1hqeZC3F"},"ssotoken":{"prod":"03200723OZddwv.65a1cbf5f38a1b682f56d6ff0207ca33a16e845a4eecff12e18a1891d997ed48"}},"topTouts":{"34282e5c-a3aa-4dfe-85e7-76b443b2b8f4":{"id":"34282e5c-a3aa-4dfe-85e7-76b443b2b8f4","order":"2","link_text":"Best Garage Heaters","frontend_link":"//www.popularmechanics.com/home/tools/g38515483/best-garage-heaters/"},"81993454-1ca4-46c9-aeec-60b0bf73f151":{"id":"81993454-1ca4-46c9-aeec-60b0bf73f151","order":"1","link_text":"Ancient Bead Collection","frontend_link":"//www.popularmechanics.com/science/archaeology/a63707441/ancient-bead-collection-spain/"},"9094641f-c106-4da3-af4a-0fa3986a5488":{"id":"9094641f-c106-4da3-af4a-0fa3986a5488","order":"3","link_text":"Sustainable Aluminum","frontend_link":"//www.popularmechanics.com/science/green-tech/a63757154/aluminum-production-nanofiltration/"},"a00b4922-abae-486d-9fdc-897560c88f13":{"id":"a00b4922-abae-486d-9fdc-897560c88f13","order":"0","link_text":"Best Work Boots","frontend_link":"//www.popularmechanics.com/home/tools/a28577924/work-boots/"},"bec5b4fa-c1a6-43a5-b3fe-aa20641e2840":{"id":"bec5b4fa-c1a6-43a5-b3fe-aa20641e2840","order":"4","link_text":"Stay Warm Without Power","frontend_link":"//www.popularmechanics.com/science/a63704946/how-to-stay-warm-with-no-power/"}},"domain":"popularmechanics.com"},"brand":{"name":"Popular Mechanics","slug":"popularmechanics"},"bookmarksConfig":{"accountMenuLabel":"My Bookmarks","articleSaveButtonLabel":"Save Article","articleUnsaveButtonLabel":"Saved!","authenticationModalDek":"Create an account and you’ll be able to save and revisit articles. It’s free!","authenticationModalTitle":"Want to save this article?","signInButton":"Sign in","signUpButton":"Sign up"},"locale":{"country":"US","name":"United States","language":"en"}},"canonicalUrl":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a63027645/chimpanzee-culture/","isAdsFree":false,"isCDN":true,"isGDPR":false,"isHomePage":false,"isLoggedIn":false,"isUSUserLocation":false,"megaMenuLayout":{},"menuItems":[{"title":"Footer","children":[{"id":"0009ec5b-7dc1-4921-b2dc-079298c1d647","title":"Newsletter","url":"/newsletter","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"64440799-199f-4019-8620-de89db9e45ca","title":"About Us","url":"/about/a45/about-us/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"5760c998-eac2-4f7c-8aad-432be219428c","title":"Media Kit","url":"http://www.popularmechanicsmediakit.com/r5/home.asp","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"c1bc9c52-ae9b-42b7-90ac-b5b4e372ef64","title":"Writer Guidelines","url":"/about/a34246962/how-to-pitch-popular-mechanics/","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false},{"id":"afcaed6e-b75c-41d5-8b69-e46eb854b7d7","title":"Press Room","url":"http://www.hearst.com/news","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"0fc2d8f1-7593-4535-88c0-a46c974ae57a","title":"Contact Us","url":"/about/a2922/contact-us/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"75cea4b1-b692-48ab-a982-a3490a33a565","title":"Community Guidelines","url":"/about/a3024/community-guidelines/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"61f49ba9-fda0-4dbc-870e-fefeb7a6d6d5","title":"Advertise Online","url":"https://www.advertising.hearstmagazines.com/brands/popular-mechanics","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"466ac8c5-e390-4f7c-af98-f10b797bcc71","title":"Customer Service","url":"/service","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"fcaa3791-51fa-46e0-bd4a-f121c2549089","title":"Subscribe","url":"https://shop.popularmechanics.com/popular-mechanics-all-access-2.html?cds_tracking_code=popfooter","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"ee0a204d-6fb6-4cf9-8c83-d8b8653e2498","title":"Other Hearst Subscriptions","url":"https://w1.buysub.com/pubs/HR/A14/Hearst_Subscription_FAQs.jsp?cds_mag_code=A14\u0026cds_page_id=265990","new_tab":true,"nofollow":true}]},{"title":"Panel","children":[{"id":"ef0da9c6-3cd4-4b51-b367-085bb3c5792d","title":"Pop Mech Pro","url":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/about/a40180523/pop-mech-pro-membership-news-benefits/","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false,"children":[{"id":"55847985-30fb-41ef-8a49-70701e98970b","title":"Exclusive Stories","url":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/popmechpro/","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false},{"id":"6e461ba8-7e6c-4111-8f03-d626b5abb36a","title":"Download Digital Issues","url":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/promotions/a40118846/download-exclusive-pop-mech-digital-issues/","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false},{"id":"f481d465-7025-4212-b9b3-9b2ddfc452f1","title":"Membership Perks","url":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/about/a46147319/pop-mech-pro-membership/","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false}]},{"id":"5d522311-6b92-4529-a1c9-62c6e3247f2c","title":"Subscribe","url":"https://shop.popularmechanics.com/popular-mechanics-all-access-2.html?cds_tracking_code=poppanelnav","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"675b2acf-979f-4596-89fa-2ef0acdf9673","title":"Home and DIY","url":"/home/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"bb638c6f-f5e2-48f6-b93c-682fc6df7a90","title":"Power Tools","url":"/home/tools/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"b276a6a4-90c7-478c-a0f0-182827121f21","title":"Cars","url":"/cars/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"74e505a0-facd-4668-84ea-ecb21574f7b7","title":"Technology","url":"/technology/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"842fba39-6eb4-429b-9ae7-21fce78f164d","title":"Military","url":"/military/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"bf8482b1-f757-45f6-a164-d413c06d09d8","title":"Science","url":"/science/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"7cd59686-2207-4a5d-83eb-50ad06bd3d09","title":"Adventure","url":"/adventure/","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false},{"id":"2bd6edc9-61b0-4091-9632-6cb45ab9ff5a","title":"Sci-Fi","url":"/culture/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"d5b101f7-48a1-4c99-99ab-f7c5063d860b","title":"Airplanes","url":"/flight/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"cad81b18-3b87-4ea1-8a23-2bc5f4bfd504","title":"Space","url":"/space/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"d196c895-cee9-42a5-95fa-0c0db5727939","title":"Gifts","url":"/holiday-gift-guide/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"6b4f6a73-75c4-4d50-a340-69591c3dc3d7","title":"Deals","url":"/sales-and-deals/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"283890c8-d252-4f4d-88a8-9d724cda9b69","title":"Visual Stories","url":"/interactive/stories/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"bac8c801-3f68-4a82-b026-f27d8fd2dbb2","title":"Promotions","url":"/promotions/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"28692a17-024b-47b8-858e-b6d5c308167d","title":"Shop","url":"https://shop.popularmechanics.com/?source=pop_hamburger","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false},{"id":"ee8bbdc5-55cb-475b-af1c-ad54f827a0d4","title":"Follow","url":"#follow","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false,"children":[{"id":"7b7ca70f-6999-4606-954b-e5eb8bf517d3","title":"Facebook","url":"https://www.facebook.com/popularmechanics","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"b8ee5f31-be00-4dcb-858f-4e339b5bee61","title":"Instagram","url":"https://www.instagram.com/popularmechanics/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"a7a5433a-e53d-4dbe-933d-7b1313f9ec32","title":"Twitter","url":"https://twitter.com/PopMech","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"b8c330ed-3fe4-427c-a7e3-dcef69466fb3","title":"Pinterest","url":"https://www.pinterest.com/popmech/?auto_follow=1","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false},{"id":"b493c84f-53e4-454a-beef-0bfac730b5a1","title":"Youtube","url":"https://www.youtube.com/c/popularmechanics?sub_confirmation=1","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false}]},{"id":"8fe2b65e-0549-4e04-9b62-a434ed95d5db","title":"Get Our Newsletter","url":"https://popularmechanics.com/email/popularmechanics-newsletter","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false},{"id":"0a70c962-2243-467c-9d5d-483da1824955","title":"My Bookmarks","url":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/my-stuff/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false}]},{"title":"Subscribe","children":[{"title":"Subscribe","url":"https://shop.popularmechanics.com/popular-mechanics-all-access-2.html?cds_tracking_code=poptopnav","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false}]},{"title":"Top"},{"title":"Footer-Legal","children":[{"id":"f028764e-f520-48e3-b556-c57c74a2a050","title":"Privacy Notice","url":"https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false},{"id":"560a25a1-f3f6-4ff2-af89-6d5bc3465f39","title":"CA Notice at Collection","url":"https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice#_ADDITIONAL_INFO","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false},{"id":"fe0ce0dd-64f2-449b-b7e8-9dd012895b5b","title":"Your CA Privacy Rights/Shine the Light","url":"https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice#_ADDITIONAL_INFO","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false},{"id":"ce1f7e8b-102f-4409-95ca-6ac268758653","title":"DAA Industry Opt Out","url":"https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-privacy-notice#_OPT_OUTS","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false},{"id":"30764250-55af-4c25-923c-1250fa71771e","title":"Terms of Use","url":"https://www.hearst.com/-/us-magazines-terms-of-use","new_tab":true,"nofollow":false},{"id":"d24345bf-6856-41d6-a25a-9619de2a10e3","title":"Site Map","url":"/sitemap/","new_tab":false,"nofollow":false}]}],"menuLinks":{"Top":[{"id":"1932f37f-83ef-449b-8950-8af74dc0e0d0","title":"Home","url":"/home/","new_tab":false,"aria-current":false},{"id":"7dc9d8ec-e12a-4633-8c4b-ee833c960d2b","title":"Latest Stories","url":"/news/","new_tab":false,"aria-current":false},{"id":"4f70b14a-5353-4831-964c-2a914d0d5854","title":"Science","url":"/science/","new_tab":false,"aria-current":false},{"id":"b332a81d-0316-45f1-bf04-43fa25ef466b","title":"Military","url":"/military/","new_tab":false,"aria-current":false},{"id":"f9030344-84e3-4a2f-aea9-285dfd6b5a57","title":"Pop Mech Pro","url":"/about/a40180523/pop-mech-pro-membership-news-benefits/","new_tab":false,"aria-current":false},{"id":"81cc099c-5e1d-4281-9350-d9c3c54a0338","title":"New Tech","url":"/technology/","new_tab":false,"aria-current":false}]},"pageId":"6c7a3c6d-827f-4f5e-a1bf-ed2289fe71ce","pageType":"content","selfHostedAffiliateEnabled":true,"siteId":"a4f9566a-1fd0-484c-b731-150b9bda9ffa","tagManager":{"dev":"mag-dev","default":"mag"},"tagOptions":{},"video":{"gaVideoDiagTracking":"false","gaVideoBrandName":"Popular Mechanics","icxVideoDomainId":"7214"}},"alternates":[],"template":{"addHiddenBreadcrumbsItem":true,"display":"standard-article","variants":{"AffiliateDisclaimerBar":"repositioned-disclaimer","BreadcrumbsList":"breadcrumb-left-align","ByLineName":"left-align-byline","ContentHeaderPublishDate":"left-align-publish-date","ContentHeaderTextareaContainer":"content-header-text-only","ContentHeaderTextareaContainerEmbedded":"content-header-text-only-embedded","ActionBlock":"left-align-action-block","ContentDek":"left-align-content-dek"}},"dekDom":{"children":[{"children":[{"data":"Scientists piece together genetic links between chimpanzee groups over thousands of years and discovered a surprisingly complex connection.","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{},"type":"tag"}],"type":"root"},"titleMarkup":{"children":[{"data":"A Genetic Time Machine Is Responsible for Chimps Evolving Like Humans","type":"text"}],"type":"root"},"titleText":"A Genetic Time Machine Is Responsible for Chimps Evolving Like Humans","bodyDom":{"children":[{"children":[{"children":[{"data":"Humans are known for their ability to create sophisticated cultures, but chimpanzees display some of the same ability as well.","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"A new study from the University of Zurich uses markers of genetic similarity, or what they call a “genetic time machine,” to analyze chimpanzee populations and tool-use culture over thousands of years. ","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"They discovered that migrating females often introduced cultural advancements into a new population, which then improved on the advancement to produce complex tool use.","type":"text"}],"name":"li","attribs":{},"type":"tag"}],"name":"ul","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[],"name":"hr","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Culture is a concept often associated with the smartest Great Ape of them all (us humans), but this idea isn’t exclusive to the eight billion members of the species. Many other animals, including primates, exhibit various cultures within their distinctive populations. For ","type":"text"},{"children":[{"data":"chimpanzees","type":"text"}],"name":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a20759120/science-says-your-bed-is-dirtier-than-a-chimpanzees/","target":"_blank","data-vars-ga-outbound-link":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a20759120/science-says-your-bed-is-dirtier-than-a-chimpanzees/","data-vars-ga-ux-element":"Hyperlink","data-vars-ga-call-to-action":"chimpanzees","class":"body-link"},"type":"tag","response":{}},{"data":"—humanity’s closest cousin along with bonobos—this culture manifests in the myriad ways these apes manipulate tools. ","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Some of these tools are relatively simple, such as using leaves to sponge up water from a tree hole, while others rely on ","type":"text"},{"children":[{"data":"a whole set of tools","type":"text"}],"name":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/g39714258/animals-using-tools/","target":"_blank","data-vars-ga-outbound-link":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/g39714258/animals-using-tools/","data-vars-ga-ux-element":"Hyperlink","data-vars-ga-call-to-action":"a whole set of tools","class":"body-link"},"type":"tag","response":{}},{"data":" to accomplish complicated tasks. Because of ","type":"text"},{"children":[{"data":"humanity’s ability to build on knowledge","type":"text"}],"name":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a34690565/scientists-splice-human-genes-into-monkey-brains/","target":"_blank","data-vars-ga-outbound-link":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a34690565/scientists-splice-human-genes-into-monkey-brains/","data-vars-ga-ux-element":"Hyperlink","data-vars-ga-call-to-action":"humanity’s ability to build on knowledge","class":"body-link"},"type":"tag","response":{}},{"data":" over time, our species has developed immensely diverse cultures, but studies of chimps in the wild shows that this incredible skill isn’t exclusive to humans. ","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[],"name":"editoriallinks","attribs":{"id":"0d57627a-e203-4369-bd80-a88ff949ae02","align":"center"},"type":"tag","response":{"bonsaiLinkset":{"title":"Related Story","metadata":{},"links":[{"title":"This Hominid Could be the Smallest Great Ape Ever","content":{"id":"2d8cef64-ef19-446c-bbad-0906bed87763","title":"Scientists Found the Tiniest Great Ape Ever—and It Could Change Human Evolution","slug":"tiny-hominid-discovery-human-evolutionary-impact","section":{"slug":"science"},"subsection":{"slug":"animals"},"display_id":61076723,"display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"a039dc01-6e02-4846-9c9f-fc310d8e1e9a","id":"a039dc01-6e02-4846-9c9f-fc310d8e1e9a","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/monkey-sunset-royalty-free-image-1718299405.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","role":12,"pathname":"/images/monkey-sunset-royalty-free-image-1718299405.jpg","media_type":"image","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.655xw:1.00xh;0.106xw,0","2x1":"1.00xw:0.769xh;0,0.155xh","3x1":"1xw:0.51083xh;center,top","4x3":"0.87005xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.43503xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.3065xh;center,top","6x4":"0.97881xw:1xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.19156xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.3065xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.45974xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.76624xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.86202xh;center,top","8x10":"0.52203xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.36705xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.93651xh;center,top"},"legacy_crops":{}},"image_metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.65254xw:1xh;center,top","2x1":"1xw:0.76624xh;center,top","3x1":"1xw:0.51083xh;center,top","4x3":"0.87005xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.43503xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.3065xh;center,top","6x4":"0.97881xw:1xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.19156xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.3065xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.45974xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.76624xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.86202xh;center,top","8x10":"0.52203xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.36705xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"1xw:0.93651xh;center,top"},"seo_meta_title":"Monkey + sunset","seo_meta_description":"monkey sunset"}}],"metadata":{}}}]}}},{"children":[{"data":"A new study from scientists at the University of Zurich (UZH) analyzed markers of ","type":"text"},{"children":[{"data":"genetic similarity","type":"text"}],"name":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a35884787/humans-share-genes-with-weird-headless-creatures/","target":"_blank","data-vars-ga-outbound-link":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a35884787/humans-share-genes-with-weird-headless-creatures/","data-vars-ga-ux-element":"Hyperlink","data-vars-ga-call-to-action":"genetic similarity","class":"body-link"},"type":"tag","response":{}},{"data":", as well as foraging habits, across 35 disparate chimpanzee study sites. Using what they call a “genetic time machine” linking chimpanzee populations over thousands of years, they found that complex tool use could be found in even distant populations. The results of the study were published ","type":"text"},{"children":[{"data":"in the journal ","type":"text"},{"children":[{"data":"Science","type":"text"}],"name":"em","attribs":{},"type":"tag"}],"name":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk3381","target":"_blank","data-vars-ga-outbound-link":"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk3381","data-vars-ga-ux-element":"Hyperlink","data-vars-ga-call-to-action":"in the journal Science","class":"body-link"},"type":"tag","response":{}},{"data":". ","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[],"name":"watch-next","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"“As an example of such a toolset, chimpanzees in the Congo region first use a strong stick to dig a deep tunnel through hard soil to reach an underground termite nest,” UZH’s Cassandra Gunasekaram, lead author of the study, ","type":"text"},{"children":[{"data":"said in a press statement","type":"text"}],"name":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.news.uzh.ch/en/articles/media/2024/chimpanzee-culture.html","target":"_blank","data-vars-ga-outbound-link":"https://www.news.uzh.ch/en/articles/media/2024/chimpanzee-culture.html","data-vars-ga-ux-element":"Hyperlink","data-vars-ga-call-to-action":"said in a press statement","class":"body-link"},"type":"tag","response":{}},{"data":". “Next, they make a ‘fishing’ probe by pulling a long plant stem through their teeth to form a brush-like tip, pressing it into a point and deftly threading it down the tunnel they’ve made. They then pull it out and nibble off any defending termites that have bitten into it.”","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Gunasekaram and her team organized behaviors into three groups: ","type":"text"},{"children":[{"data":"no tools, simple tools, and complex tools","type":"text"}],"name":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/health/a9084/the-brain-science-behind-our-obsession-with-tools-15549633/","target":"_blank","data-vars-ga-outbound-link":"https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/health/a9084/the-brain-science-behind-our-obsession-with-tools-15549633/","data-vars-ga-ux-element":"Hyperlink","data-vars-ga-call-to-action":"no tools, simple tools, and complex tools","class":"body-link"},"type":"tag","response":{}},{"data":" such as the fishing probe. In chimpanzee communities, sexually maturing females leave their social groups to find another community, an evolutionary trait that helps avoid inbreeding. Apart from adding diverse genes to a new community, the study found that female chimpanzees also provided advancements in culture when they arrived in their new communities. ","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[],"name":"editoriallinks","attribs":{"id":"965a55d4-6a2c-45ee-b0de-631e7494d54d","align":"center"},"type":"tag","response":{"bonsaiLinkset":{"title":"Related Story","metadata":{},"links":[{"title":"Y Chromosome Is Evolving Rapidly Among Great Apes","content":{"id":"9fa8885a-7659-431d-8e10-20f4f0f92aa0","title":"The Y Chromosome Is Rapidly Evolving Faster Than the X Chromosome in Humans","slug":"y-chromosome-evolution-great-apes-study","section":{"slug":"science"},"subsection":{"slug":"animals"},"display_id":61156982,"display_type":{"title":"Standard Article"},"media":[{"role":2},{"image_id":"1334fceb-b8e5-4e3b-a781-9684538b60f7","id":"1334fceb-b8e5-4e3b-a781-9684538b60f7","hips_url":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/and-y-chromosomes-in-cell-royalty-free-image-1718741582.jpg","hips_prefix":"hmg-prod","role":12,"pathname":"/images/and-y-chromosomes-in-cell-royalty-free-image-1718741582.jpg","media_type":"image","metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.338xw:0.587xh;0.658xw,0.212xh","2x1":"1xw:0.86806xh;center,top","3x1":"1xw:0.5787xh;center,top","4x3":"0.768xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.384xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.34722xh;center,top","6x4":"0.864xw:1xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.21701xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.34722xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.52083xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.86806xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.97656xh;center,top","8x10":"0.4608xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.324xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"0.94255xw:1xh;center,top"},"legacy_crops":{}},"image_metadata":{"crops":{"1x1":"0.576xw:1xh;center,top","2x1":"1xw:0.86806xh;center,top","3x1":"1xw:0.5787xh;center,top","4x3":"0.768xw:1xh;center,top","4x6":"0.384xw:1xh;center,top","5x1":"1xw:0.34722xh;center,top","6x4":"0.864xw:1xh;center,top","8x1":"1xw:0.21701xh;center,top","10x2":"1xw:0.34722xh;center,top","10x3":"1xw:0.52083xh;center,top","10x5":"1xw:0.86806xh;center,top","16x9":"1xw:0.97656xh;center,top","8x10":"0.4608xw:1xh;center,top","9x16":"0.324xw:1xh;center,top","18x11":"0.94255xw:1xh;center,top"},"seo_meta_title":"X and Y chromosomes in cell","seo_meta_description":"x and y chromosomes in cell"}}],"metadata":{}}}]}}},{"children":[{"data":"“We made the surprising discovery that it is the most complex chimpanzee technologies – the use of entire ‘toolsets’ – that are most strongly linked across now distant populations,” UZH evolutionary anthropologist Andrea Migliano, a co-author of the study, said in a press statement. “This is exactly what would be predicted if these more advanced technologies were rarely invented and even less likely to be reinvented, and therefore more likely to have been transmitted between groups.”","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"The researchers suggest that developing this cultural complexity likely took place in steps, first with transmission between populations via female migrations and then implementing incremental changes until repurposing technologies altogether. Because this kind of cumulative culture is a feature of hominids broadly, researching this phenomenon in the context of one of humanity’s closest living relatives could give insight into the lives of past human ancestors as well as our current cousins. ","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"}],"type":"root"},"embeddedContentProps":{},"embeddedMedia":{"content_attribute":{"bullets":1}},"hasContentProductLinks":false,"hasNutritionInfoInBody":false,"hasWatchNextInBodyTag":true,"pollCount":0,"products":{},"tableOfContents":{},"immersiveTableOfContents":{},"hideTableOfContentsTitle":false,"introductoryTextDom":{},"outroTextDom":{},"articleAdCadence":{"renderNodeId":true}},"__N_SSP":true,"appProps":{"providerData":{"scopeManager":{"scopes":{"@site":"popularmechanics_en-us","@locale":"en-us","@brand":"popularmechanics","@client":"hdm","@app":"fre"},"asset":"/_assets/design-tokens","media":"/design-tokens","selected":{"865286506100759643":{"scope":"popularmechanics","hash":"ee0d102","metadata":{}},"1079308378100759643":{"scope":"popularmechanics","hash":"5d5fa0d","metadata":{}},"294021650101657":{"scope":"fre","hash":"433da0a","metadata":{}},"794597151100759643":{"scope":"(NOT_SET)"},"1621037567100759643":{"scope":"(NOT_SET)"},"948601947100759643":{"scope":"fre","hash":"f1c199c","metadata":{}},"622986035100759643":{"scope":"fre","hash":"1ceaaeb","metadata":{}},"93987538307794078":{"scope":"popularmechanics","hash":"3793281","metadata":{"fallbacks":{"mobile":{"fallbackFont":"Roboto","sizeAdjust":["95.40%","95.77%"],"ascentOverride":["105.24%","104.83%"],"descentOverride":["29.04%","28.92%"]},"sansSerif":{"fallbackFont":"Arial","sizeAdjust":["95.69%","88.74%"],"ascentOverride":["104.92%","113.14%"],"descentOverride":["28.95%","31.22%"]},"serif":{"fallbackFont":"Georgia","sizeAdjust":["96.32%","89.24%"],"ascentOverride":["104.24%","112.51%"],"descentOverride":["28.76%","31.04%"]}}}},"2141149703100759643":{"scope":"fre","hash":"38e3324","metadata":{}},"350512797307794078":{"scope":"fre","hash":"c8ad008","metadata":{"fallbacks":{"mobile":{"fallbackFont":"Roboto","sizeAdjust":["107.32%","106.36%"],"ascentOverride":["90.27%","91.08%"],"descentOverride":["22.50%","22.70%"]},"sansSerif":{"fallbackFont":"Arial","sizeAdjust":["107.64%","98.55%"],"ascentOverride":["90.00%","98.30%"],"descentOverride":["22.43%","24.50%"]},"serif":{"fallbackFont":"Georgia","sizeAdjust":["108.35%","99.11%"],"ascentOverride":["89.41%","97.75%"],"descentOverride":["22.29%","24.37%"]}}}},"588148124100759643":{"scope":"fre","hash":"cf1782e","metadata":{}},"1406705056882415479":{"scope":"(NOT_SET)"},"1442569453882415479":{"scope":"popularmechanics","hash":"a957255","metadata":{}},"499423465307794078":{"scope":"popularmechanics","hash":"cde089b","metadata":{"fallbacks":{"mobile":{"fallbackFont":"Roboto","sizeAdjust":["77.64%","70.18%"],"ascentOverride":["97.89%","108.30%"],"descentOverride":["30.91%","34.20%"]},"sansSerif":{"fallbackFont":"Arial","sizeAdjust":["77.87%","65.02%"],"ascentOverride":["97.60%","116.88%"],"descentOverride":["30.82%","36.91%"]},"serif":{"fallbackFont":"Georgia","sizeAdjust":["78.38%","65.39%"],"ascentOverride":["96.96%","116.23%"],"descentOverride":["30.62%","36.70%"]}}}},"1591175730307794078":{"scope":"popularmechanics","hash":"f370f34","metadata":{"fallbacks":{"mobile":{"fallbackFont":"Roboto","sizeAdjust":["132.84%","106.91%"],"ascentOverride":["65.79%","81.75%"],"descentOverride":["19.72%","24.51%"]},"sansSerif":{"fallbackFont":"Arial","sizeAdjust":["133.24%","99.06%"],"ascentOverride":["65.59%","88.23%"],"descentOverride":["19.66%","26.45%"]},"serif":{"fallbackFont":"Georgia","sizeAdjust":["134.12%","99.62%"],"ascentOverride":["65.16%","87.73%"],"descentOverride":["19.53%","26.30%"]}}}},"1483535594100759643":{"scope":"fre","hash":"ad81f1a","metadata":{}},"2025963983875664054":{"scope":"popularmechanics","hash":"2362803","metadata":{}},"410495278100759643":{"scope":"fre","hash":"c4cafa4","metadata":{"fallbacks":{"mobile":{"fallbackFont":"Roboto","sizeAdjust":["105.20%","104.03%"],"ascentOverride":["93.53%","94.57%"],"descentOverride":["28.31%","28.63%"]},"sansSerif":{"fallbackFont":"Arial","sizeAdjust":["105.51%","96.39%"],"ascentOverride":["93.25%","102.07%"],"descentOverride":["28.23%","30.90%"]},"serif":{"fallbackFont":"Georgia","sizeAdjust":["106.21%","96.94%"],"ascentOverride":["92.64%","101.50%"],"descentOverride":["28.04%","30.73%"]}}}},"1780745863100759643":{"scope":"fre","hash":"c08ce2c","metadata":{"fallbacks":{"mobile":{"fallbackFont":"Roboto","sizeAdjust":["94.46%","97.03%"],"ascentOverride":["103.74%","101.00%"],"descentOverride":["30.13%","29.34%"]},"sansSerif":{"fallbackFont":"Arial","sizeAdjust":["94.75%","89.90%"],"ascentOverride":["103.43%","109.00%"],"descentOverride":["30.04%","31.66%"]},"serif":{"fallbackFont":"Georgia","sizeAdjust":["95.37%","90.41%"],"ascentOverride":["102.75%","108.39%"],"descentOverride":["29.85%","31.49%"]}}}},"237689033307794078":{"scope":"fre","hash":"dd7387f","metadata":{"fallbacks":{"mobile":{"fallbackFont":"Roboto","sizeAdjust":["98.60%","100.86%"],"ascentOverride":["99.39%","97.17%"],"descentOverride":["28.87%","28.23%"]},"sansSerif":{"fallbackFont":"Arial","sizeAdjust":["98.90%","93.45%"],"ascentOverride":["99.09%","104.87%"],"descentOverride":["28.78%","30.46%"]},"serif":{"fallbackFont":"Georgia","sizeAdjust":["99.55%","93.98%"],"ascentOverride":["98.44%","104.28%"],"descentOverride":["28.60%","30.29%"]}}}},"1587051244307794078":{"scope":"popularmechanics","hash":"c99c3e4","metadata":{"fallbacks":{"mobile":{"fallbackFont":"Roboto","sizeAdjust":["65.41%","57.61%"],"ascentOverride":["156.24%","177.39%"],"descentOverride":["26.91%","30.55%"]},"sansSerif":{"fallbackFont":"Arial","sizeAdjust":["65.61%","53.38%"],"ascentOverride":["155.77%","191.45%"],"descentOverride":["26.83%","32.97%"]},"serif":{"fallbackFont":"Georgia","sizeAdjust":["66.04%","53.68%"],"ascentOverride":["154.75%","190.37%"],"descentOverride":["26.65%","32.78%"]}}}},"1191363023101657":{"scope":"fre","hash":"046027b","metadata":{}},"1224281871100759643":{"scope":"fre","hash":"db7c035","metadata":{}},"738037164100759643":{"scope":"popularmechanics","hash":"910b3ba","metadata":{}},"1221623699101657":{"scope":"fre","hash":"3361b6d","metadata":{}},"820672235101657":{"scope":"fre","hash":"603c377","metadata":{}},"1976414978101657":{"scope":"fre","hash":"ce3e1ae","metadata":{}},"914434039101657":{"scope":"fre","hash":"a5a3a69","metadata":{}},"628614349101657":{"scope":"fre","hash":"f282b14","metadata":{}},"750460747101657":{"scope":"fre","hash":"e8cf655","metadata":{}}},"manifestUrl":"https://static-assets.hearstapps.com/design-tokens/manifest.json"},"flags":{"content-editor.enable-repositioned-disclaimer":1,"content-editor.enable-custom-header":1,"self-hosted.affiliate.enabled":1,"fre.commerce.use-affiliate_url":1,"fre.jam-journey.enable-billboard":1,"fre.content.article-action-toolbar":"(NOT_SET)","ecommerce.enable-embedded-experience":"(NOT_SET)","content-editor.toggles.hide-affiliate-disclaimer":1,"enable-modular-layout":0,"fre.content.enable-privacy-disclaimer":1,"cover-stories":1,"seo.syndicated-content.no-noindex":1,"seo.block-meta-ai-crawler":1,"ecommerce.load-pulse-script":"(NOT_SET)","fre.piano.int":"(NOT_SET)","content-pass.enable":0,"enable-sso":1,"enable-google-one-tap":1,"enable-microsoft-quick-auth":1,"display-search":1,"fre.show-magnifying-glass-icon-only":"(NOT_SET)","location-choice":0,"fre.location-choice.display-generic-title":1,"fre.do-not-sell-link":1,"search.fre.display-top-navigation":1,"fre.top-navigation.gift-lab":"(NOT_SET)","fre.enable-my-stuff":1,"enable-avatar-menu":"(NOT_SET)","enable-google-one-tap-tooltip":"(NOT_SET)","fre.enable-jam-journey":1,"fre.jam-journey.enable-top-slim-banner":1,"enable-top-touts":1,"show-updated-timestamp":1,"fre.seogra.breadcrumbs":1,"seo.display-publish-date-timezone":0,"seo.display-publish-date-timezone-all":1,"seo.developed-by-expert-byline":0,"fre.seogra.breadcrumbs-with-collections":1,"content-editor.disable-author-photo":"(NOT_SET)","fre.enable-author-flyout":1,"fre.sharing-component":0,"fre.disable-bookmark-subscription-modal":"(NOT_SET)","fre.enable-content-save-categorization":"(NOT_SET)","fre.enable-my-stuff-tooltip":1,"fre.enable-first-article-tooltip":0,"paywall.schema":1,"video.use-social-image":1,"content-editor.gallery.multi-retailer.enabled":1,"content-editor.1x1-lead-image-crop":1,"fre.enable-fastly-image":0,"fre.piano.cXense":"(NOT_SET)","fre.enable-recirculation-module":"(NOT_SET)","fre.disable-editorial-links-with-recirc":"(NOT_SET)","video.watch-next-in-body":1,"video.watch-next.recipes":0,"video.watch-next-in-body-listicle":1,"fre.jam-journey.enable-email-captures":1,"Display-nutrition-data":0,"video.sticky-player-mobile":1,"video.sticky-player":1,"enable-watch-more-recirc-button":1,"video.disable-autoplay":0,"custom-feeds.block-head-image":0,"video.priority-to-use-preview-image":"(NOT_SET)","new-nav":1,"fre.cds.enable-paywall":1,"fre.piano.enable-paywall":0,"fre.jam-journey.enable-modals":1,"fre.jam-journey.enable-meters":1,"fre.jam-journey.enable-post-registration-modals":0,"mobile-adhesion-unit":1,"content-editor.content-body.preview-blocker":1},"lazy":{"P0-3":[[30554],2],"P0-4":[[14210]],"P0-5":[[60999]],"P0-7":[[47246]],"P0-8":[[46441,16217,64512,94219,17654]],"P0-9":[[87285]],"P0-10":[[46918]],"P0-11":[[39681]],"P0-12":[[46918]],"P0-14":[[15042,38768,6272,91180]],"P0-15":[[29624,98628,15265,6979]],"P0-16":[[33532]],"P0-17":[[39669]]},"translations":{"app":{"ad-breaker-text-main":"Advertisement - Continue Reading Below"},"common":{"account":"account","and":"and","close":"Close","cookie_choices":"Cookies Choices","do_not_sell_info_footer":"Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads","do_not_sell_info_sidepanel":"Your Privacy Choices","login":"sign in","other_editions":"Other Editions","privacyNotice":"Privacy Notice","published":"Published: ","sidepanel":"Side Panel","search":"Search","skipToContent":"Skip to Content","termsOfUse":"Terms Of Use","updated":"Updated: "},"content":{"affiliate-disclosure-footer":"We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back.","image":{"fallback-alt":"This is an image","no-longer-available":"Image no longer available"},"jumpToProduct":"Jump to Products","watchNext":"Watch Next","watchNextInBody":"More From {brandName}","watchNextInBodyButton":"Watch Full Video","readFullBio":"Read full bio","why-trust-us":"Why Trust Us?","enhancedBylines":{}},"date":{"format":""}}}}},"page":"/_templates/standard-article","query":{},"buildId":"5e41088536","assetPrefix":"/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm","runtimeConfig":{"APP_ENVIRONMENT":"production","APP_VERSION":"0.12.306","DEFAULT_FETCH_TIMEOUT":"2000","RUNTIME_INSURANCE_PUBLISHER_KEY":"dGVk90VVSURz","RUNTIME_INSURANCE_ADUNIT_KEY":"jAgnNJlb","RUNTIME_TRADE_TOOL_APP_URL":"https://app.blackbookinformation.com","RUNTIME_USE_SENTRY":"1","RUNTIME_RESIN_ASSETS_URL":"https://cdsshopprod-assets.resin.com","RUNTIME_ENABLE_RECAPTCHA":"true","RUNTIME_OPEN_WEB_ENABLED":"1","RUNTIME_PUBLIC_IMAGE_HOSTNAME":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod","RUNTIME_MICROSOFT_AUTH_CLIENT_ID":"952b8b0a-eccb-4fa4-90ca-13796e19166f","RUNTIME_GRAPHQL_TIMEOUT":"12000","RUNTIME_SPEEDCURVE_URL":"https://cdn.speedcurve.com/js/lux.js?id=231332287","RUNTIME_PAYMENT_CAPTURE_SCRIPT_URL":"https://paymentcapture.resin.com/v1/payment-capture.js","RUNTIME_RECAPTCHA_KEY":"6LexjOAqAAAAAJaG2fni4e-iDEDfg9T2h9GxkycG","RUNTIME_SLIDES_PER_PAGE_OVERLAY":"10","RUNTIME_NITEHAWK_URL":"https://nitehawk.hearst.io","RUNTIME_INSURANCE_API_URL":"https://api.trvmarketplace.com/click/v1/auto","RUNTIME_TRADE_TOOL_SCRIPT_URL":"https://app.blackbookinformation.com/app/shopping-tools-js/v1.js","RUNTIME_GRAPHQL_URL":"https://heimdall.hearstapps.com","RUNTIME_SLIDES_PER_PAGE_LIST":"30","RUNTIME_ORDER_INTAKE_URL":"https://api.resin.com/orders","RUNTIME_TCF_API_TIMEOUT":"2000","RUNTIME_BUY_SUB_URL":"https://optout.hearstmags.com/servlet/OrdersGateway?cds_mag_code=A99\u0026amp;cds_page_id=246801","RUNTIME_PUBLIC_FILE_HOSTNAME":"https://hmg-h-cdn.hearstapps.com","RUNTIME_CIAM_AUTH_URLS":"https://auth.mylo.id","RUNTIME_RUFUS_HOSTNAME":"https://preferencecenter.hearstmags.com","RUNTIME_JOKER_URL":"https://joker.hearstgames.com","RUNTIME_INSURANCE_LICENSE_KEY":"afb7f38f-6470-445f-b583-28ae8e1ed325","RUNTIME_TRADE_TOOL_DEALER_ID":"0441002","RUNTIME_CIAM_UI_URLS":"https://www.mylo.id","RUNTIME_VIDEO_PLAYER_URL":"https://glimmer.hearstapps.com","RUNTIME_CIAM_DATA_URL":"https://ciam-data.kubeprod.hearstapps.com/graphql","RUNTIME_GRAPHQL_TIMEOUT_FEED":"20000","RUNTIME_TRUECAR_SHOPPING_URL":"https://shopping.caranddriver.com","RUNTIME_RIDDLER_GAME_URL":"https://riddler.hearstgames.com","RUNTIME_GOOGLE_AUTH_CLIENT_ID":"966691262229-s6tftim27cpahri78teloejj82ms26hh.apps.googleusercontent.com","RUNTIME_SLIDES_PER_PAGE_GRID":"5","RUNTIME_JAM_SCRIPT_URL":"https://jam.hearstapps.com","RUNTIME_PRODUCTS_TIMEOUT":"30000","RUNTIME_CUSTOM_EVENT_DISPATCHER_URL":"https://oply.hearstapps.com/v1/events","RUNTIME_PUBLIC_IMAGE_DOMAIN":"https://hips.hearstapps.com","RUNTIME_MEDIA_GATEWAY_URL":"https://media.hearstapps.com","RUNTIME_INSURANCE_PANEL_ADUNIT_KEY":"DuS9oM6s","RUNTIME_PRODUCTS_URL":"https://products.hearstapps.com","RUNTIME_CONCORDE_URL":"https://search.hearstapps.com","RUNTIME_GRAPHQL_TOKEN":"eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCIsImtpZCI6Imp3dF9zZWNyZXRfZnJlIn0.e30.wlF-prqbR7gQ28qeFJrGOTKcct5p5jzNfrO6NBcc7C8","RUNTIME_AFFILIATE_BUNDLE_VERSION":"8.4.4","RUNTIME_CARS_FOR_SALE_MODULE_URL":"/inventory","RUNTIME_LIVE_STREAM_URL":"https://player.vimeo.com/video/","RUNTIME_LIVE_STREAM_CHAT":"https://vimeo.com/live-chat/","RUNTIME_VIMEO_STREAM_URL":"https://vimeo.com/event/","RUNTIME_THEME_SLUG":"","RUNTIME_NEXT_LAZY":""},"isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[35261,13231,85347,46058,92688,69194,22653,29322,31666,10020],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}</script><script id="build-manifest">window.__BUILD_MANIFEST_CB=function(){return new Promise(((e,n)=>{document.body.appendChild(Object.assign(document.createElement("script"),{src:"/_assets/fre/scopes/hdm/_next/static/5e41088536/_buildManifest.js",onload:e,onerror:n}))}))};</script><script type="text/javascript" id="font-loader">(()=>{const e=navigator?.connection?.effectiveType;if(e&&"4g"!==e)return;const{search:n}=window.location;if(n.includes("disableFonts"))return;const t=document,o=()=>{const e=t.getElementById("deferred-fonts");e&&(e.media="all")};"interactive"===document.readyState?o():window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",o)})();</script></body></html>

Pages： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10