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id="toc-Establishment_of_a_new_law_school_in_Chicago" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_of_a_new_law_school_in_Chicago"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Establishment of a new law school in Chicago</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_of_a_new_law_school_in_Chicago-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Founding_and_early_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_and_early_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Founding and early period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_and_early_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growth_in_interdisciplinary_approach_and_the_leadership_of_Edward_Levi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth_in_interdisciplinary_approach_and_the_leadership_of_Edward_Levi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Growth in interdisciplinary approach and the leadership of Edward Levi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth_in_interdisciplinary_approach_and_the_leadership_of_Edward_Levi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Late 20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Academics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Academics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Academics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Academics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clinics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Clinics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Research centers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Policy_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policy_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Policy initiatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Policy_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-D'Angelo_Law_Library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#D'Angelo_Law_Library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>D'Angelo Law Library</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-D'Angelo_Law_Library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Admissions_and_cost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Admissions_and_cost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Admissions and cost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Admissions_and_cost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Grading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Employment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Employment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Employment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Employment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Outcomes_and_career_prospects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outcomes_and_career_prospects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Outcomes and career prospects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outcomes_and_career_prospects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_clerkships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_clerkships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Judicial clerkships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_clerkships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Rankings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications_and_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications_and_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Publications and organizations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Publications_and_organizations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Publications and organizations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Publications_and_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Journals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_paper_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_paper_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Academic paper series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_paper_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Deans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_faculty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_faculty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable faculty</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_faculty-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable faculty subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_faculty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Current</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Former</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable alumni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Law_School" title="University of Chicago Law School – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="University of Chicago Law School" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B4%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88" title="مدرسه حقوق دانشگاه شیکاگو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدرسه حقوق دانشگاه شیکاگو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Law_School" title="University of Chicago Law School – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="University of Chicago Law School" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%A0_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90_%EB%B2%95%ED%95%99%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EC%9B%90" title="시카고 대학교 법학대학원 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시카고 대학교 법학대학원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="शिकागो विधि विश्वविद्यालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शिकागो विधि विश्वविद्यालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekolah_Hukum_Universitas_Chicago" title="Sekolah Hukum Universitas Chicago – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sekolah Hukum Universitas Chicago" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%92%D7%95" title="בית הספר למשפטים באוניברסיטת שיקגו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית הספר למשפטים באוניברסיטת שיקגו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88" title="كلية حقوق جامعة شيكاغو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كلية حقوق جامعة شيكاغو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B4%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="シカゴ大学ロー・スクール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シカゴ大学ロー・スクール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Школа права Чикагского университета – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Школа права Чикагского университета" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="芝加哥大学法学院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="芝加哥大学法学院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">The University of Chicago<br />Law School</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lawschool_2008-09_2008-10-09_0017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lawschool_2008-09_2008-10-09_0017.jpg/250px-Lawschool_2008-09_2008-10-09_0017.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lawschool_2008-09_2008-10-09_0017.jpg/375px-Lawschool_2008-09_2008-10-09_0017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lawschool_2008-09_2008-10-09_0017.jpg/500px-Lawschool_2008-09_2008-10-09_0017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4238" data-file-height="2797" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent school</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1902<span class="noprint">; 122 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1902</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">School type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/Law_school" title="Law school">law school</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent endowment</th><td class="infobox-data">$11.6 billion<sup id="cite_ref-endowment_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-endowment-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dean_(education)" title="Dean (education)">Dean</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Miles" title="Thomas J. Miles">Thomas J. Miles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Enrollment</th><td class="infobox-data">626 (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-ChicagoLaw_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChicagoLaw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Faculty</th><td class="infobox-data">183 (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-ChicagoLaw_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChicagoLaw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">USNWR</a></i> ranking</th><td class="infobox-data">3rd (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bar_examination" title="Bar examination">Bar</a> pass rate</th><td class="infobox-data">97.9% (2020) <sup id="cite_ref-bardata2020_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bardata2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.uchicago.edu">law<wbr />.uchicago<wbr />.edu</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ABA profile</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.uchicago.edu/aba-required-disclosures"><i>Standard 509 Report</i></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Chicago_Law_School_Logo_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/University_of_Chicago_Law_School_Logo_2022.svg/250px-University_of_Chicago_Law_School_Logo_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/University_of_Chicago_Law_School_Logo_2022.svg/375px-University_of_Chicago_Law_School_Logo_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/University_of_Chicago_Law_School_Logo_2022.svg/500px-University_of_Chicago_Law_School_Logo_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>The University of Chicago Law School</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Law_school_in_the_United_States" title="Law school in the United States">law school</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>. It employs more than 180 full-time and part-time faculty and hosts more than 600 students in its <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> program, while also offering the <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Laws" title="Master of Laws">Master of Laws</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Studies_in_Law" title="Master of Studies in Law">Master of Studies in Law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Juridical_Science" title="Doctor of Juridical Science">Doctor of Juridical Science</a> degrees in law.<sup id="cite_ref-ChicagoLaw_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChicagoLaw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The law school was originally housed in Stuart Hall, a Gothic-style limestone building on the campus's main quadrangles. Since 1959, it has been housed in an <a href="/wiki/Eero_Saarinen" title="Eero Saarinen">Eero Saarinen</a>-designed building across the <a href="/wiki/Midway_Plaisance" title="Midway Plaisance">Midway Plaisance</a> from the main campus of the University of Chicago. The building was expanded in 1987 and again in 1998. It was renovated in 2008, preserving most of Saarinen's original structure. </p><p>Members of the faculty have included <a href="/wiki/Cass_Sunstein" title="Cass Sunstein">Cass Sunstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Posner" title="Richard Posner">Richard Posner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Epstein" title="Richard Epstein">Richard Epstein</a>, three of the most-cited legal scholars of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, as well as U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> justices <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens" title="John Paul Stevens">John Paul Stevens</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Elena Kagan</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_of_a_new_law_school_in_Chicago">Establishment of a new law school in Chicago</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Establishment of a new law school in Chicago"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harper_Midway_Chicago.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Harper_Midway_Chicago.jpg/220px-Harper_Midway_Chicago.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Harper_Midway_Chicago.jpg/330px-Harper_Midway_Chicago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Harper_Midway_Chicago.jpg/440px-Harper_Midway_Chicago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>View of the University of Chicago from the Midway Plaisance</figcaption></figure> <p>When the University of Chicago was founded in 1892, its president <a href="/wiki/William_Rainey_Harper" title="William Rainey Harper">William Rainey Harper</a> expressed a desire to establish a law school for the university that would improve democratic government.<sup id="cite_ref-Carrington_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carrington-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, Harper observed that, "[t]hus far democracy seems to have found no way of making sure that the strongest men should be placed in control of the country's business."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harper took advice from a number of his contemporaries. One such adviser, a professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, suggested that the object of the new law school should be to train students to become "leaders of the bar and ornaments of the bench, inspiring teachers, scientific writers and wise reformers" and emphasising public law and comparative law.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellsworth_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellsworth-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another adviser, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bar_Association" title="Chicago Bar Association">Chicago bar</a>, suggested that <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus_Langdell" title="Christopher Columbus Langdell">Christopher Columbus Langdell</a> and influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Casebook_method" title="Casebook method">casebook method</a> at the time, had "lost touch with great leaders among jurists and lawyers" and that the new law school in Chicago should focus on "social economics" or "principles of statesmanship" for lawyers.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellsworth_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellsworth-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noted legal scholar <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Freund" title="Ernst Freund">Ernst Freund</a> suggested that the law school promote an interdisciplinary approach to legal education, offering elective courses in subjects such as history and political science.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, Harper settled with the view that the study of law should not occur in a vacuum, and that it should take into account "the whole field of man as a social being".<sup id="cite_ref-Ellsworth_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellsworth-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1901, Harper announced that the new law school would be established the following year. He requested assistance from the faculty of Harvard Law School, whose dean at the time, <a href="/wiki/James_Barr_Ames" title="James Barr Ames">James Barr Ames</a>, granted professor <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry_Beale" title="Joseph Henry Beale">Joseph Henry Beale</a> a two-year leave of absence to serve as the first dean of the law school in Chicago. He did so on the condition that Chicago "have ideals and methods similar to [those of] the Harvard Law School".<sup id="cite_ref-Ellsworth_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellsworth-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Ames objected to the proposed curriculum, which contemplated close affiliation with social science departments in the university and subjects that were not found in a traditional first-year law curriculum. He insisted that the faculty comprise "solely of persons who teach law in the strict sense of the word" and using the casebook method.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellsworth_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellsworth-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harper agreed to these terms, and together with Beale assembled the faculty and designed the curriculum. Harper departed from the understanding he had reached with Ames and hired Freund to teach property law, and the law school's curriculum was influenced by Freund's interdisciplinary approach. The founding faculty members were <a href="/wiki/Blewett_Harrison_Lee" title="Blewett Harrison Lee">Blewett Harrison Lee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julian_Mack" title="Julian Mack">Julian Mack</a>, who had both taught at the <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University_Pritzker_School_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law">law school of Northwestern University</a>; <a href="/wiki/James_Parker_Hall" title="James Parker Hall">James Parker Hall</a>, who had taught at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Law_School" title="Stanford Law School">Stanford Law School</a> and turned down an offer to teach at Harvard Law School; Clarke Butler Whittier, who had also taught at Stanford; <a href="/wiki/Harry_A._Bigelow" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry A. Bigelow">Harry A. Bigelow</a>, a notable scholar at <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a> who recognized limitations in the casebook method;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Freund.<sup id="cite_ref-Carrington_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carrington-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_and_early_period">Founding and early period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Founding and early period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 1, 1902, the law school opened for classes in the University Press Building (currently the Bookstore Building). <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a> paid the $250,000 construction cost, and President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> laid its cornerstone.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of its opening, the law school consisted of 78 students (76 men and two women). It offered courses in contract law, torts, criminal law, property law, agency, and pleading, with electives in administrative law, corporations law, federal jurisdiction, Roman law, international law, and legal ethics.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellsworth_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellsworth-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law school invented the <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">J.D.</a> degree,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carrington_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carrington-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was just one of five law schools in the U.S. that required a college degree from its applicants as a prerequisite to admission.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its library, which was established in short order, housed some 18,000 volumes of law reports. In 1903, a year after the law school opened, enrollment at the law school grew rapidly as its student body increased to 126. <a href="/wiki/Floyd_R._Mechem_House" title="Floyd R. Mechem House">Floyd R. Mechem</a>, a professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Law_School" title="University of Michigan Law School">University of Michigan Law School</a> and pioneer in empirical legal studies at the time, joined the faculty and remained at the law school for 25 years until his death in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ellsworth_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellsworth-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Theodore_Roosevelt_laying_the_cornerstone_for_the_new_law_school_on_April_2,_1903.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Theodore_Roosevelt_laying_the_cornerstone_for_the_new_law_school_on_April_2%2C_1903.png/220px-Theodore_Roosevelt_laying_the_cornerstone_for_the_new_law_school_on_April_2%2C_1903.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Theodore_Roosevelt_laying_the_cornerstone_for_the_new_law_school_on_April_2%2C_1903.png/330px-Theodore_Roosevelt_laying_the_cornerstone_for_the_new_law_school_on_April_2%2C_1903.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Theodore_Roosevelt_laying_the_cornerstone_for_the_new_law_school_on_April_2%2C_1903.png/440px-Theodore_Roosevelt_laying_the_cornerstone_for_the_new_law_school_on_April_2%2C_1903.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> laying the cornerstone for the law school on April 2, 1903, after receiving the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The law school prospered in its early years and fostered relationships with scholars in other fields, including economics, political science, psychology, and history.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellsworth_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellsworth-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also developed ties with members of the Chicago bar, who served as part-time faculty members and taught legal procedure and other practical courses. The law school's academic standards were recognized as at least equal to those of Harvard.<sup id="cite_ref-Carrington_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carrington-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1904, the law school moved to Stuart Hall on the main university campus. In the same year, <a href="/wiki/Sophonisba_Breckinridge" title="Sophonisba Breckinridge">Sophonisba Breckinridge</a> became the first woman to graduate from the law school––a feat that had not yet been achieved at <a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale Law School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Law_School" title="Columbia Law School">Columbia Law School</a> or Harvard. In her autobiography, Breckinridge noted that "the fact that the law school, like the rest of the University ... accepted men and women students on equal terms was publicly settled".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law school also established its first alumni association in this period.<sup id="cite_ref-ucmagazine_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucmagazine-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The law school faced considerable change in the years leading up to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and shortly thereafter. Beale returned to Harvard after his two-year leave of absence. In 1909, the eminent jurist <a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Pound" title="Roscoe Pound">Roscoe Pound</a> taught at the law school for a year.<sup id="cite_ref-Carrington_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carrington-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law school established a chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Coif" title="Order of the Coif">Order of the Coif</a> in 1911 and the <a href="/wiki/Edward_W._Hinton" title="Edward W. Hinton">Edward W. Hinton</a> Moot Court program in 1914. During World War I, enrollment declined: in Spring 1917, 241 students were enrolled; this number dropped to 46 by Fall 1918. In 1920, <a href="/wiki/Earl_B._Dickerson" title="Earl B. Dickerson">Earl B. Dickerson</a> became the first African-American to graduate from the law school. The law school's Black Law Students Association is named in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-uncap.lib.uchicago.edu_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uncap.lib.uchicago.edu-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the war, in 1926, enrollment reached 500 students for the first time. In 1927, the law school began to offer its first seminars. Its longest-serving dean, <a href="/wiki/James_Parker_Hall" title="James Parker Hall">James Parker Hall</a>, who played a significant role in recruiting numerous distinguished faculty members to the law school, died in office in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth_in_interdisciplinary_approach_and_the_leadership_of_Edward_Levi">Growth in interdisciplinary approach and the leadership of Edward Levi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Growth in interdisciplinary approach and the leadership of Edward Levi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Law_School,_University_Of_Chicago_(NBY_417036).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Law_School%2C_University_Of_Chicago_%28NBY_417036%29.jpg/220px-Law_School%2C_University_Of_Chicago_%28NBY_417036%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Law_School%2C_University_Of_Chicago_%28NBY_417036%29.jpg/330px-Law_School%2C_University_Of_Chicago_%28NBY_417036%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Law_School%2C_University_Of_Chicago_%28NBY_417036%29.jpg/440px-Law_School%2C_University_Of_Chicago_%28NBY_417036%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>The law school, depicted on a postcard from the 1910s</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1930s, new dean <a href="/wiki/Harry_A._Bigelow" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry A. Bigelow">Harry A. Bigelow</a> built on the interdisciplinary foundations laid by Freund and introduced classes in accounting, economics, and psychology. The law school's curriculum was shaped by the emerging influence of the <a href="/wiki/Law_and_economics" title="Law and economics">law and economics</a> movement. <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Director" title="Aaron Director">Aaron Director</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Calvert_Simons" title="Henry Calvert Simons">Henry Simons</a> began offering economics courses in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-uc_news_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uc_news-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Faculty member <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hirsch_Levi" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Hirsch Levi">Edward Levi</a> also introduced economics in the antitrust course, permitting Director to teach one of every five classroom sessions.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first volume of the <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Law_Review" title="University of Chicago Law Review">University of Chicago Law Review</a></i> was also published in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-About_the_Law_Review_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_the_Law_Review-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law school established a legal writing program in 1938 and the Law and Economics Program in 1939. The LL.M. program was established in 1942, while Harry A. Bigelow Teaching Fellowships were established in 1947. As was the case during World War I, enrollment at the law school, like at many of the other top law schools in the country, declined and its academic calendar was adjusted to meet military needs.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1950s and 1960s, the law school experienced a period of profound growth and expansion under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hirsch_Levi" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Hirsch Levi">Edward Levi</a>, who was appointed Dean in 1950. In 1951, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Llewellyn" title="Karl Llewellyn">Karl Llewellyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soia_Mentschikoff" title="Soia Mentschikoff">Soia Mentschikoff</a> joined the law school, the latter being the first woman on the faculty. Other notable scholars, widely regarded as institutional figures and leading thinkers in their respective areas,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were <a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Blum" title="Walter J. Blum">Walter J. Blum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernard_D._Meltzer" title="Bernard D. Meltzer">Bernard D. Meltzer</a>, who studied and taught at the law school for their entire academic careers. Between 1953 and 1955, Supreme Court justice <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens" title="John Paul Stevens">John Paul Stevens</a> taught antitrust at the law school. In 1958, Director founded the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Law_and_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Law and Economics">Journal of Law and Economics</a></i>. In 1959, the law school moved to its current building on 60th Street, designed by <a href="/wiki/Eero_Saarinen" title="Eero Saarinen">Eero Saarinen</a>. In 1960, constitutional law scholar <a href="/wiki/Philip_Kurland" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Kurland">Philip Kurland</a> founded the <i><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_Review" title="Supreme Court Review">Supreme Court Review</a></i>. Levi later served as the provost (1962–1968) and the president (1968–1975) of the University of Chicago, before becoming the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a> under president <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>. During his time at the law school, Levi also supported the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Social_Thought" title="Committee on Social Thought">Committee on Social Thought</a> graduate program.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_20th_century">Late 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Late 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the 1970s and 1980s, the law and economics movement had attracted a series of scholars with strong connections to the social sciences, such as <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel laureates</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald Coase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary Becker</a> and scholars <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Posner" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard A. Posner">Richard A. Posner</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_M._Landes" class="mw-redirect" title="William M. Landes">William M. Landes</a>. In 1972, Posner founded the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Legal_Studies" title="The Journal of Legal Studies">Journal of Legal Studies</a></i>. The law school also established joint degree programs with the Committee on Public Policy Studies and the Department of Economics, complementing <a href="/wiki/Max_Rheinstein" title="Max Rheinstein">Max Rheinstein</a>'s Foreign Law Program, which was established in the 1950s with a bequest from the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a>. The Legal History Program was established in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-Boyer_2015_441_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyer_2015_441-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, the <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Society" title="Federalist Society">Federalist Society</a> was established by a group of students at the law school, together with students from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale Law School</a>. In 1989, the D'Angelo Law Library exceeded 500,000 volumes.<sup id="cite_ref-ucmagazine_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucmagazine-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coase_working_2000s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coase_working_2000s.jpg/220px-Coase_working_2000s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coase_working_2000s.jpg/330px-Coase_working_2000s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coase_working_2000s.jpg/440px-Coase_working_2000s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald Coase</a> taught at the law school from 1964 to 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>In the same period, many scholars who would later become leaders in their field joined the law school faculty at an early stage in their careers. <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Epstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard A. Epstein">Richard A. Epstein</a>, identified in a <i><a href="/wiki/Legal_Affairs" title="Legal Affairs">Legal Affairs</a></i> poll as one of the most influential legal thinkers of modern times,<sup id="cite_ref-Legal_Affairs_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legal_Affairs-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> joined the faculty in 1973 and continues to serve as emeritus professor and senior lecturer. <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_R._Stone" title="Geoffrey R. Stone">Geoffrey R. Stone</a>, a leading <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="First Amendment">First Amendment</a> scholar and alumnus and former dean of the law school, joined the faculty in the same year. <a href="/wiki/Douglas_G._Baird" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas G. Baird">Douglas G. Baird</a>, a luminary in bankruptcy law, has been on the faculty since 1980 and served as dean between 1994 and 1999. <a href="/wiki/Cass_Sunstein" title="Cass Sunstein">Cass Sunstein</a>, regarded as "the most cited legal scholar in the United States and probably the world",<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> began his teaching career at the law school in 1981 and served as a faculty member for 27 years. Former <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> justice <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a> served as a professor between 1977 and 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-chic_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chic-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His future colleague on the Supreme Court, <a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Elena Kagan</a>, began her career at the law school too, as did noted legal scholars <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Vermeule" title="Adrian Vermeule">Adrian Vermeule</a>. The 44th President of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> taught at the law school between 1992 and 2004 in the areas of constitutional law, racism and the law, and voting rights before he was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Senate" title="Senate">U.S. Senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Academics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The law school currently employs more than 200 full-time and part-time faculty members and enrolls approximately 600 students in its <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> (J.D.) program.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also offers advanced legal degrees such as the <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Laws" title="Master of Laws">Master of Laws</a> (LL.M.) (or alternatively the <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Comparative_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Comparative Law">M.C.L.</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Studies_in_Law" title="Master of Studies in Law">Master of Legal Studies</a> (M.L.S.) and the <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Juridical_Science" title="Doctor of Juridical Science">Doctor of Jurisprudence</a> (J.S.D.).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The J.D. degree may be combined with a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">Master of Business Administration</a> (M.B.A.) or <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Doctor of Philosophy</a> (Ph.D.) with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Booth_School_of_Business" title="University of Chicago Booth School of Business">University of Chicago Booth School of Business</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">Master of Arts</a> (A.M.) in international relations, a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Public_Policy" title="Master of Public Policy">Master of Public Policy</a> (M.P.P.) with the <a href="/wiki/Harris_School_of_Public_Policy_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Harris School of Public Policy Studies">University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Divinity" title="Master of Divinity">Master of Divinity</a> (M.Div.) with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Divinity_School" title="University of Chicago Divinity School">University of Chicago Divinity School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The law school's professors use the <a href="/wiki/Socratic_Method" class="mw-redirect" title="Socratic Method">Socratic Method</a> to facilitate learning in lectures and seminars. This method includes calling on students without prior notice, presenting hypotheticals, and continuously questioning them to test their knowledge and application of the material and to flesh out underlying assumptions in their responses.<sup id="cite_ref-socratic-method_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-socratic-method-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the few law schools in the United States that employs this mode of teaching, which is assisted by its low student-to-professor ratio.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clinics">Clinics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Clinics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The law school offers seven <a href="/wiki/Legal_clinic" title="Legal clinic">legal clinics</a>, in which students earn course credit while practicing law under the direction of the clinic's independent faculty:<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Edwin F. Mandel Legal Aid Clinic, including: <ul><li>Abrams Environmental Law Clinic</li> <li>Civil Rights and Police Accountability Project</li> <li>Criminal and Juvenile Justice Project Clinic</li> <li>Employment Law Clinic</li> <li>Federal Criminal Justice Clinic</li> <li>Housing Initiative Transactional Clinic</li> <li>Immigrants’ Rights Clinic</li> <li>Global Human Rights Clinic</li></ul></li> <li>Exoneration Project Clinic</li> <li>Innovation Clinic</li> <li>Institute for Justice Clinic on Entrepreneurship</li> <li>Jenner & Block Supreme Court and Appellate Clinic</li> <li>Kirkland & Ellis Corporate Lab Clinic</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_centers">Research centers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Research centers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The law school has six research centers and projects. Each center hosts events, activities, and guest speakers throughout the academic year. They are as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Becker_Friedman_Institute_for_Research_in_Economics" title="Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics">Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics</a></li> <li>Coase-Sandor Institute for Law and Economics<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Constitutional Law Institute<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Center for Comparative Constitutionalism<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Center for Law, Philosophy, and Human Values<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Center on Law and Finance<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policy_initiatives">Policy initiatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Policy initiatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The law school has five current and past policy initiatives:<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Animal Law Policy Initiative (2004–2007)</li> <li>Court Reform in the Juvenile Justice System</li> <li>Federal Tax Conference</li> <li>Foster Care to Adulthood (2005–2008)</li> <li>International Best Standards for Guest Worker Programs (2015–2017)</li> <li>Kanter Project on Mass Incarceration (2013)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p>Court Reform in the Juvenile Justice System International Best Standards for Guest Worker Programs (2015-2017) Bilateral Labor Agreements Dataset Animal Law Policy Initiative (Concluded) Foster Care to Adulthood (2005-2008) Kanter Project on Mass Incarceration (2013) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Programs">Programs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Legal History Program<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>International and Comparative Law<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Law and Philosophy<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="D'Angelo_Law_Library"><span id="D.27Angelo_Law_Library"></span>D'Angelo Law Library</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: D'Angelo Law Library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Chicago_Law_Quad_by_Matthew_Bisanz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/University_of_Chicago_Law_Quad_by_Matthew_Bisanz.jpg/220px-University_of_Chicago_Law_Quad_by_Matthew_Bisanz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/University_of_Chicago_Law_Quad_by_Matthew_Bisanz.jpg/330px-University_of_Chicago_Law_Quad_by_Matthew_Bisanz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/University_of_Chicago_Law_Quad_by_Matthew_Bisanz.jpg/440px-University_of_Chicago_Law_Quad_by_Matthew_Bisanz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Laird Bell Quadrangle fountain in front of the D'Angelo Law Library</figcaption></figure> <p>The D'Angelo Law Library is part of the greater University of Chicago library system. Renovated in 2006, it features a second-story reading room. The Law Library is open 90 hours per week and employs 11 full-time librarians and 11 additional managers and staff members. It has study space for approximately 500 people, a wireless network and 26 networked computers. It contains over 700,000 volumes of books, with approximately 6,000 added each year, including materials in over 25 languages, and primary law from foreign countries and international organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Admissions_and_cost">Admissions and cost</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Admissions and cost"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Admission to the J.D. program is highly competitive. In 2021, the law school enrolled 175 students from an applicant pool of 6,514. Overall, the acceptance rate was 11.91% <sup id="cite_ref-ChicagoLaw_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChicagoLaw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the entering class of 2024, the 25th and 75th <a href="/wiki/LSAT" class="mw-redirect" title="LSAT">LSAT</a> percentiles were 169 and 175, respectively, with a median of 172. The 25th and 75th undergraduate <a href="/wiki/GPA" class="mw-redirect" title="GPA">GPA</a> percentiles were 3.82 and 3.98, respectively, with a median of 3.91.<sup id="cite_ref-ChicagoLaw_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChicagoLaw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Admission into the LL.M. program is also competitive. In 2020, the law school reported that it had received approximately 1,000 applications for 80 positions.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The total cost of attendance (indicating the cost of tuition, fees and living expenses) at the law school for the 2017–18 academic year was $93,414.<sup id="cite_ref-abarequireddisclosures.org_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abarequireddisclosures.org-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grading">Grading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Grading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The law school employs a grading system that places students on a scale of 155–186. The scale was 55–86 prior to 2003, but since then the law school has used a prefix of "1" to eliminate confusion with the traditional 100 point <a href="/wiki/Grading_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Grading scale">grading scale</a>. For classes of more than 10 students, professors are required to set the median grade at 177, with the number of grades above 180 approximately equaling the number of grades below a 173.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an article published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> in 2010, business writer <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Rampell" title="Catherine Rampell">Catherine Rampell</a> criticized other schools' problems with grade inflation, but commended Chicago's system, saying that Chicago "has managed to maintain the integrity of its grades."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Students graduate "with honors" by attaining a final average of 179, "with high honors" upon attaining a final average of 180.5, and "with highest honors" upon attaining a final average of 182. The last of these achievements is rare; typically only one student every few years will attain the requisite 182 average. Additionally, the law school awards two honors at graduation that are based on class rank. Of the students who earned at the law school at least 79 of the 105 credits required to graduate, the top 10% are elected to the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Coif" title="Order of the Coif">Order of the Coif</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students finishing their first or second years in the top 5% of their class, or graduating in the top 10%, are honored as "Kirkland and Ellis Scholars."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Employment">Employment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Employment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outcomes_and_career_prospects">Outcomes and career prospects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Outcomes and career prospects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, the law school was ranked first in the U.S. for overall employment outcomes by the <i><a href="/wiki/National_Law_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="National Law Journal">National Law Journal</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Above_the_Law_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Above_the_Law-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and second in the U.S. for best career prospects by <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes_2017-10-31_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes_2017-10-31-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the law school's official 2020 <a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">ABA</a>-required disclosures, 98.5% of the Class of 2019 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment within ten months of graduation.<sup id="cite_ref-abarequireddisclosures.org_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abarequireddisclosures.org-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The median salary for its graduates in the Class of 2019 was $190,000, and 75% of graduates earned starting salaries of $190,000 or greater upon graduation.<sup id="cite_ref-abarequireddisclosures.org_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abarequireddisclosures.org-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the same cohort, 50.2% of graduates secured positions at law firms with more than 500 lawyers.<sup id="cite_ref-abarequireddisclosures.org_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abarequireddisclosures.org-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law school is ranked first in the U.S. by the <i><a href="/wiki/National_Law_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="National Law Journal">National Law Journal</a></i> for placing the highest percentage of recent graduates in law firms of 100 or more lawyers.<sup id="cite_ref-nationallawjournal.com_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationallawjournal.com-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also had the highest first-time Bar pass rate (98.9%) of all law schools in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-abarequireddisclosures.org_49-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abarequireddisclosures.org-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial_clerkships">Judicial clerkships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Judicial clerkships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2023, University of Chicago Law School alumni comprised the third-highest percentage of recent graduates clerking for federal judges, after <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Law_School" title="Stanford Law School">Stanford Law School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale Law School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Data compiled from the previous 12 years by Brad Hillis in 2017 indicates that the law school has the third-highest gross and third-highest per capita placement of alumni in <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> clerkships among all law schools since 1882.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1992 and 2017, it placed 88 alumni in <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> clerkships. During the 2021-2022 Term alone, nine different Chicago alumni clerked for nine different justices on the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Class of 2019, 27.6% of its graduates secured clerkships (with 87.3% of those graduates in federal clerkships).<sup id="cite_ref-abarequireddisclosures.org_49-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abarequireddisclosures.org-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rankings">Rankings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Rankings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The law school is included in the <a href="/wiki/Law_school_rankings_in_the_United_States" title="Law school rankings in the United States">T14</a>, a classification of consistently high ranking U.S. law schools. Recent rankings include: </p> <ul><li>Third of all law schools in the world (third in the U.S.) by the <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a> in 2020<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fourth in the world (second in the U.S.) by the <i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education World University Rankings</a></i> in 2021<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>First in the U.S. by <a href="/wiki/Above_the_Law_(blog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Above the Law (blog)">Above the Law</a> in 2021<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and second by <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Third in the U.S. by <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i> in 2022<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2023<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Second in the U.S. in terms of scholarly impact in a 2021 study by <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Sisk" title="Gregory Sisk">Gregory Sisk</a> et al. in 2021<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Second in the U.S. for best career prospects by <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> in 2017<sup id="cite_ref-forbes_2017-10-31_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes_2017-10-31-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Third in the U.S. for highest-earning graduates by <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> in 2021<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>First in the U.S. for best professors and best for federal clerkships by the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Princeton_Review" title="The Princeton Review">Princeton Review</a></i> in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-:1_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Third in the U.S. for best classroom experience by the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Princeton_Review" title="The Princeton Review">Princeton Review</a></i> in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-:1_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications_and_organizations">Publications and organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Publications and organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journals">Journals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Journals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The law school produces seven professional journals. Four of those journals are student-run: the <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Law_Review" title="University of Chicago Law Review">University of Chicago Law Review</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Journal_of_International_Law" title="Chicago Journal of International Law">Chicago Journal of International Law</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Legal_Forum" title="University of Chicago Legal Forum">University of Chicago Legal Forum</a></i>, and the <i>University of Chicago Business Law Review</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Law_Review" title="University of Chicago Law Review">University of Chicago Law Review</a></i> is among the top five most cited law reviews in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-taxprof.typepad.com_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taxprof.typepad.com-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (January 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The other three are overseen by faculty: the <i><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_Review" title="Supreme Court Review">Supreme Court Review</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Law_and_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Law and Economics">Journal of Law and Economics</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Legal_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Legal Studies">Journal of Legal Studies</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_paper_series">Academic paper series</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Academic paper series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The law school produces several series of academic papers, including the Kreisman Working Papers Series in Housing Law and Policy, the Coase-Sandor Working Paper Series in Law and Economics, the Fulton Lectures, and the Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers, in addition to a series of occasional papers.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizations">Organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are approximately 60 student-run organizations at the law school which fall under the umbrella of the Law Students Association.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is home to one of the three founding chapters of the <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Society" title="Federalist Society">Federalist Society</a>. As a professor, former Supreme Court justice <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a> helped to organize the Chicago chapter of the society.<sup id="cite_ref-chic_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chic-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chicago is also home to a large chapter of the progressive <a href="/wiki/American_Constitution_Society_for_Law_and_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="American Constitution Society for Law and Policy">American Constitution Society for Law and Policy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daytime_reflection_7-26-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Daytime_reflection_7-26-09.jpg/220px-Daytime_reflection_7-26-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Daytime_reflection_7-26-09.jpg/330px-Daytime_reflection_7-26-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Daytime_reflection_7-26-09.jpg/440px-Daytime_reflection_7-26-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4173" data-file-height="2753" /></a><figcaption>The Laird Bell Quadrangle. <a href="/wiki/Eero_Saarinen" title="Eero Saarinen">Eero Saarinen</a> designed the present law school building, opened 1959.</figcaption></figure> <p>The law school was originally housed in Stuart Hall, a Gothic-style limestone building on the campus's main quadrangles. Needing more library and student space, the law school moved across the <a href="/wiki/Midway_Plaisance" title="Midway Plaisance">Midway Plaisance</a> to its current, <a href="/wiki/Eero_Saarinen" title="Eero Saarinen">Eero Saarinen</a>-designed building (next to what was then the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">American Bar Association</a>) in October 1959. The building contains classrooms, the D'Angelo Law Library, faculty offices, and an auditorium and courtroom, arranged in a quadrangle around a fountain (mimicking the college Gothic architecture of the campus's main quadrangles). The year saw a number of celebrations of the law school's new home, including a filming of <i><a href="/wiki/Today_(NBC_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Today (NBC program)">The Today Show</a></i> and appearances by Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a>, Governor (and later Vice President) <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a> and Secretary-General of the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-law.uchicago.edu_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-law.uchicago.edu-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1987, and over the objections of the Saarinen family, the building was expanded to add office and library space (and the library renamed in honor of alumnus Dino D'Angelo). In 1998, a dedicated space for the law school's clinics, the Arthur Kane Center for Clinical Legal Education, as well as numerous additional classrooms, were constructed.<sup id="cite_ref-law.uchicago.edu_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-law.uchicago.edu-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Renovation of the library, classrooms, offices, and fountain was completed in 2008, notable for the preservation of most of Saarinen's structure at a time when many modernist buildings faced demolition.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deans">Deans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Deans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_deans_of_University_of_Chicago_Law_School" title="List of deans of University of Chicago Law School">List of deans of University of Chicago Law School</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry_Beale" title="Joseph Henry Beale">Joseph Henry Beale</a> (1902–1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Parker_Hall" title="James Parker Hall">James Parker Hall</a> (1904–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Bigelow" title="Harry Bigelow">Harry A. Bigelow</a> (1929–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilber_G._Katz" title="Wilber G. Katz">Wilber G. Katz</a> (1939–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Levi" title="Edward H. Levi">Edward H. Levi</a> (1950–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_C._Neal" title="Phil C. Neal">Phil C. Neal</a> (1963–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norval_Morris" title="Norval Morris">Norval Morris</a> (1975–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Casper" title="Gerhard Casper">Gerhard Casper</a> (1979–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_R._Stone" title="Geoffrey R. Stone">Geoffrey R. Stone</a> (1987–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Baird" title="Douglas Baird">Douglas Baird</a> (1994–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Fischel" title="Daniel Fischel">Daniel Fischel</a> (1999–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Levmore" title="Saul Levmore">Saul Levmore</a> (2001–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_H._Schill" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael H. Schill">Michael H. Schill</a> (2010–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Miles" title="Thomas J. Miles">Thomas J. Miles</a> (2015–present)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_faculty">Notable faculty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notable faculty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The law school's faculty has included the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the United States">44th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> justices <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens" title="John Paul Stevens">John Paul Stevens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Elena Kagan</a>, leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Legal_realism" title="Legal realism">legal realism</a> movement <a href="/wiki/Karl_Llewellyn" title="Karl Llewellyn">Karl Llewellyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herman_Oliphant" title="Herman Oliphant">Herman Oliphant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tax_law" title="Tax law">tax law</a> doyen <a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Blum" title="Walter J. Blum">Walter J. Blum</a>, leading constitutional law scholars <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kalven" title="Harry Kalven">Harry Kalven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._McConnell" title="Michael W. McConnell">Michael W. McConnell</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Law_and_literature" title="Law and literature">law and literature</a> movement <a href="/wiki/James_Boyd_White" title="James Boyd White">James Boyd White</a>, and one of the most widely-cited legal scholars in the world, <a href="/wiki/Cass_Sunstein" title="Cass Sunstein">Cass Sunstein</a>. Its current faculty includes <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Prize" title="Kyoto Prize">Kyoto Prize</a> winner <a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Martha Nussbaum</a>, distinguished legal philosopher <a href="/wiki/Brian_Leiter" title="Brian Leiter">Brian Leiter</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="First Amendment">First Amendment</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_R._Stone" title="Geoffrey R. Stone">Geoffrey R. Stone</a>, federal appellate judges <a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Easterbrook" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank H. Easterbrook">Frank H. Easterbrook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diane_P._Wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Diane P. Wood">Diane P. Wood</a>, bankruptcy expert <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Baird" title="Douglas Baird">Douglas Baird</a>, prominent legal historian <a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Helmholz" title="Richard H. Helmholz">Richard H. Helmholz</a>, and among the most widely-cited legal scholars of the 20th and 21st centuries <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Posner" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard A. Posner">Richard A. Posner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Allen_Epstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Allen Epstein">Richard A. Epstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Posner" title="Eric Posner">Eric Posner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current">Current</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Current"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Abebe" title="Daniel Abebe">Daniel Abebe</a>: constitutional law and international law scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Alschuler" title="Albert Alschuler">Albert Alschuler</a>: scholar on criminal law and criminal procedure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Baird" title="Douglas Baird">Douglas Baird</a>: scholar on bankruptcy law and contracts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baude" title="William Baude">William Baude</a>: scholar on constitutional law and interpretation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omri_Ben-Shahar" title="Omri Ben-Shahar">Omri Ben-Shahar</a>: contracts and consumer protection scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Bernstein" title="Lisa Bernstein">Lisa Bernstein</a>: contracts and commercial law scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Bradley" title="Curtis Bradley">Curtis Bradley</a>: international law and foreign relations scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Buss" title="Emily Buss">Emily Buss</a>: scholar on children and parents' rights</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_J._Casey" title="Anthony J. Casey">Anthony J. Casey</a> (alumnus): scholar on business law, finance, and bankruptcy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhammika_Dharmapala" title="Dhammika Dharmapala">Dhammika Dharmapala</a>: economist and tax scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Easterbrook" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank H. Easterbrook">Frank H. Easterbrook</a> (alumnus): <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_judge" title="United States federal judge">United States circuit judge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit</a> and leading antitrust scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Allen_Epstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Allen Epstein">Richard A. Epstein</a> (emeritus): scholar on classical liberalism, libertarianism, torts, Roman Law, contract and law and economics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Fischel" title="Daniel Fischel">Daniel Fischel</a> (emeritus, alumnus): law and economics scholar, and chairman and president of <a href="/wiki/Compass_Lexecon" title="Compass Lexecon">Compass Lexecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Ginsburg" title="Tom Ginsburg">Tom Ginsburg</a>: scholar on international and comparative law</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Helmholz" title="Richard H. Helmholz">Richard H. Helmholz</a>: legal historian and expert on European legal history</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Todd_Henderson" title="M. Todd Henderson">M. Todd Henderson</a> (alumnus): scholar on corporations law and securities regulation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._J._Hubbard" title="William H. J. Hubbard">William H. J. Hubbard</a> (alumnus): civil procedure and law and economics scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Huq" title="Aziz Huq">Aziz Huq</a>: scholar on constitutional law, federal courts, and criminal procedure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_J._Hutchinson" title="Dennis J. Hutchinson">Dennis J. Hutchinson</a> (alumnus): constitutional law scholar and former editor of the <i><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_Review" title="Supreme Court Review">Supreme Court Review</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_LaCroix" title="Alison LaCroix">Alison LaCroix</a>: legal historian and constitutional law scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Landes" title="William Landes">William Landes</a>: economist and law and economics scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Leiter" title="Brian Leiter">Brian Leiter</a>: legal philosopher and scholar on <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Levmore" title="Saul Levmore">Saul Levmore</a>: former Dean of the law school and scholar on commercial law and public choice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Masur" title="Jonathan Masur">Jonathan Masur</a>: behavioral <a href="/wiki/Law_and_economics" title="Law and economics">law and economics</a>, patent law, and administrative law scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Miles" title="Thomas J. Miles">Thomas J. Miles</a>: law and economics scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Nou" title="Jennifer Nou">Jennifer Nou</a>: scholar on administrative law and regulatory policy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Martha Nussbaum</a>: influential philosopher and expert on ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, political philosophy, feminism, and ethics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randal_C._Picker" title="Randal C. Picker">Randal C. Picker</a> (alumnus): scholar on antitrust and intellectual property law</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Posner" title="Eric Posner">Eric Posner</a>: scholar on international law and contract law, and one of the most cited law professors in the U.S.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Posner" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard A. Posner">Richard A. Posner</a>: former federal appellate judge and the <a href="/wiki/Citation_impact" title="Citation impact">most cited</a> legal scholar of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-ShapiroJLS_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShapiroJLS-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rappaport" title="John Rappaport">John Rappaport</a>: criminal procedure and criminal law scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_N._Rosenberg" title="Gerald N. Rosenberg">Gerald N. Rosenberg</a>: leading scholar on political science and law, and author of <i>The Hollow Hope</i> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_M._Rosenfield" title="Andrew M. Rosenfield">Andrew M. Rosenfield</a> (alumnus): economist, CEO and managing partner of <a href="/wiki/TGG_Group" title="TGG Group">TGG Group</a>, and managing partner of <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Partners" title="Guggenheim Partners">Guggenheim Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_R._Stone" title="Geoffrey R. Stone">Geoffrey R. Stone</a> (alumnus): leading scholar on constitutional law and the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="First Amendment">First Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lior_Strahilevitz" title="Lior Strahilevitz">Lior Strahilevitz</a>: property law and privacy law scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_A._Strauss" title="David A. Strauss">David A. Strauss</a>: constitutional law scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_P._Wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Diane P. Wood">Diane P. Wood</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_judge" title="United States federal judge">Chief United States circuit judge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former">Former</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Former"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_J._Adler" title="Mortimer J. Adler">Mortimer J. Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amabel_Anderson_Arnold" title="Amabel Anderson Arnold">Amabel Anderson Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_M._Bator" title="Paul M. Bator">Paul M. Bator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanos_Bibas" title="Stephanos Bibas">Stephanos Bibas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_A._Bigelow" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry A. Bigelow">Harry A. Bigelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Blum" title="Walter J. Blum">Walter J. Blum</a> (alumnus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_Brilmayer" title="Lea Brilmayer">Lea Brilmayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Casper" title="Gerhard Casper">Gerhard Casper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald Coase</a>: winner of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Crosskey" title="William Crosskey">William Crosskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Raphael_Cohen" title="Morris Raphael Cohen">Morris Raphael Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainerd_Currie" title="Brainerd Currie">Brainerd Currie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_P._Currie" title="David P. Currie">David P. Currie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_W._Dam" title="Kenneth W. Dam">Kenneth W. Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Culp_Davis" title="Kenneth Culp Davis">Kenneth Culp Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Director" title="Aaron Director">Aaron Director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Driver" title="Justin Driver">Justin Driver</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich_Drobnig" class="extiw" title="de:Ulrich Drobnig">Ulrich Drobnig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_M._Fiss" title="Owen M. Fiss">Owen M. Fiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Freund" title="Ernst Freund">Ernst Freund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Garrett" title="Elizabeth Garrett">Elizabeth Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Gilmore" title="Grant Gilmore">Grant Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Ginsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas Ginsburg">Douglas Ginsburg</a> (alumnus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Goldsmith" title="Jack Goldsmith">Jack Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hamburger" title="Philip Hamburger">Philip Hamburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Harcourt" title="Bernard Harcourt">Bernard Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_C._Hazard_Jr." title="Geoffrey C. Hazard Jr.">Geoffrey C. Hazard Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_W._Hinton" title="Edward W. Hinton">Edward W. Hinton</a> (after whom the Hinton Moot Court Competition is named)<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Holderman" title="James F. Holderman">James F. Holderman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Elena Kagan</a>: Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Kahan" title="Dan Kahan">Dan Kahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Kalven" title="Harry Kalven">Harry Kalven</a> (alumnus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Nider_Katz" title="Stanley Nider Katz">Stanley Nider Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Katzenbach" title="Nicholas Katzenbach">Nicholas Katzenbach</a>: former Attorney General of the United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Kessler" title="Friedrich Kessler">Friedrich Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_L._Kimball" title="Spencer L. Kimball">Spencer L. Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Kramer_(legal_scholar)" title="Larry Kramer (legal scholar)">Larry Kramer</a> (alumnus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kronman" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Kronman">Anthony Kronman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Kurland" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Kurland">Philip Kurland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Langbein" title="John H. Langbein">John H. Langbein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Laycock" title="Douglas Laycock">Douglas Laycock</a> (alumnus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Llewellyn" title="Karl Llewellyn">Karl Llewellyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Levi" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Levi">Edward Levi</a>: former Attorney General of the United States (alumnus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_R._Macey" title="Jonathan R. Macey">Jonathan R. Macey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Mack" title="Julian Mack">Julian Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_W._McConnell" title="Michael W. McConnell">Michael W. McConnell</a> (alumnus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracey_Meares" title="Tracey Meares">Tracey Meares</a> (alumna)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_D._Meltzer" title="Bernard D. Meltzer">Bernard D. Meltzer</a> (alumnus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soia_Mentschikoff" title="Soia Mentschikoff">Soia Mentschikoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner_Mikva" title="Abner Mikva">Abner Mikva</a> (alumnus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Robert_Ming" title="William Robert Ming">William R. Ming</a> (alumnus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norval_Morris" title="Norval Morris">Norval Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Morrison" title="Edward R. Morrison">Edward R. Morrison</a> (alumnus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallin_H._Oaks" title="Dallin H. Oaks">Dallin H. Oaks</a> (alumnus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (1992–2004): former <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Oliphant" title="Herman Oliphant">Herman Oliphant</a> (alumnus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_H._Parker" title="Douglas H. Parker">Douglas H. Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Pe%C3%B1alver" title="Eduardo Peñalver">Eduardo Peñalver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Pound" title="Roscoe Pound">Roscoe Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Priest" title="George L. Priest">George L. Priest</a> (alumnus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mark_Ramseyer" class="mw-redirect" title="John Mark Ramseyer">John Mark Ramseyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Rheinstein" title="Max Rheinstein">Max Rheinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a>: former Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_H._Schill" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael H. Schill">Michael H. Schill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Schulhofer" title="Stephen Schulhofer">Stephen Schulhofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Scott,_Baron_Scott_of_Foscote" title="Richard Scott, Baron Scott of Foscote">Richard Scott, Baron Scott of Foscote</a>: former Lord of Appeal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Calvert_Simons" title="Henry Calvert Simons">Henry Simons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._W._B._Simpson" title="A. W. B. Simpson">A. W. B. Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Marie_Slaughter" title="Anne-Marie Slaughter">Anne-Marie Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens" title="John Paul Stevens">John Paul Stevens</a>: former Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cass_Sunstein" title="Cass Sunstein">Cass Sunstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_tenBroek" title="Jacobus tenBroek">Jacobus tenBroek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Vermeule" title="Adrian Vermeule">Adrian Vermeule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Boyd_White" title="James Boyd White">James Boyd White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Zeisel" title="Hans Zeisel">Hans Zeisel</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_alumni">Notable alumni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notable alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Chicago_Law_School_alumni" title="List of University of Chicago Law School alumni">List of University of Chicago Law School alumni</a></div> <p>The law school has produced many distinguished alumni in the judiciary, government and politics, academia, business, and other fields. Its alumni include heads of state and politicians around the world, the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice_of_England_and_Wales" title="Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales">Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales</a>, the President of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court of Israel</a>, judges of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Courts_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Courts of Appeals">United States Courts of Appeals</a>, several U.S. <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_the_United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General of the United States of America">Attorneys General</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_the_United_States" title="Solicitor General of the United States">Solicitors General</a>, members of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">cabinet officials</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Privy Counsellors</a>, university <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">presidents</a> and faculty <a href="/wiki/Dean_(education)" title="Dean (education)">deans</a>, founders of the law firms <a href="/wiki/Kirkland_%26_Ellis" title="Kirkland & Ellis">Kirkland & Ellis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baker_McKenzie" title="Baker McKenzie">Baker McKenzie</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jenner_%26_Block" title="Jenner & Block">Jenner & Block</a>, CEOs and chairpersons of multinational corporations, and contributors to literature, journalism, and the arts. The law school counts among its alumni recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Program" title="Fulbright Program">Fulbright Scholars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Rhodes Scholarship">Rhodes Scholars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Scholarship" title="Marshall Scholarship">Marshall Scholars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Scholarship_and_Fellowship_Plan" title="Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan">Commonwealth Fellows</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Humanities_Medal" title="National Humanities Medal">National Humanities Medallists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> winners. </p><p>In the judiciary, notable alumni include <a href="/wiki/John_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Cwmgiedd" title="John Thomas, Baron Thomas of Cwmgiedd">Lord Thomas</a>, who served as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice_of_England_and_Wales" title="Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales">Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales</a> from 2013 to 2017, and former President of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court of Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Agranat" title="Shimon Agranat">Shimon Agranat</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Federal appellate judges</a> who graduated from the law school include <a href="/wiki/Douglas_H._Ginsburg" title="Douglas H. Ginsburg">Douglas H. Ginsburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_S._Tatel" title="David S. Tatel">David S. Tatel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._McConnell" title="Michael W. McConnell">Michael W. McConnell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork">Robert Bork</a>, who was <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination">unsuccessfully nominated</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a>. Other federal appellate judges include <a href="/wiki/Abner_Mikva" title="Abner Mikva">Abner Mikva</a>, who later served as <a href="/wiki/White_House_Counsel" title="White House Counsel">White House Counsel</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton administration</a>; <a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Easterbrook" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank H. Easterbrook">Frank H. Easterbrook</a>, who currently teaches at the law school; and <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Frank" title="Jerome Frank">Jerome Frank</a>, who served as <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission</a> and, together with fellow alumnus <a href="/wiki/Herman_Oliphant" title="Herman Oliphant">Herman Oliphant</a>, played a leading role in the <a href="/wiki/Legal_realism" title="Legal realism">legal realism</a> movement in the U.S. More recently confirmed alumni federal appellate judges include <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Johnstone" title="Anthony Johnstone">Anthony Johnstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_E._Murphy" title="Eric E. Murphy">Eric E. Murphy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neomi_Rao" title="Neomi Rao">Neomi Rao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beth_Robinson" title="Beth Robinson">Beth Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_D._Miller" title="Eric D. Miller">Eric D. Miller</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allison_H._Eid" title="Allison H. Eid">Allison H. Eid</a>. </p><p>Notable alumni in government and politics include <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General of the United States">Attorneys General</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Ashcroft" title="John Ashcroft">John Ashcroft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Clark" title="Ramsey Clark">Ramsey Clark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Levi" title="Edward H. Levi">Edward H. Levi</a>, who was Dean of the law school from 1950 to 1962. The last <a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_the_United_States" title="Solicitor General of the United States">Solicitor General of the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noel_Francisco" title="Noel Francisco">Noel Francisco</a>, graduated from the law school in 1996. Other graduates include the former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Geoffrey Palmer</a>; prosecutor at the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a> and drafter of the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">U.N. Charter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_D._Meltzer" title="Bernard D. Meltzer">Bernard D. Meltzer</a>; former <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a> director, <a href="/wiki/James_Comey" title="James Comey">James Comey</a>; former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">United States Secretary of the Interior</a> and key figure in the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_L._Ickes" title="Harold L. Ickes">Harold L. Ickes</a>; former <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Health,_Education,_and_Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare">Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Ribicoff" title="Abraham Ribicoff">Abraham Ribicoff</a>; the first director of the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cordray" title="Richard Cordray">Richard Cordray</a>; current <a href="/wiki/White_House_Counsel" title="White House Counsel">White House Counsel</a> <a href="/wiki/Ed_Siskel" title="Ed Siskel">Ed Siskel</a>; current <a href="/wiki/United_States_senators" class="mw-redirect" title="United States senators">U.S. senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Amy Klobuchar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Representative">U.S. Representative</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_the_January_6_Attack" title="United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack">United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack</a> Vice-Chair <a href="/wiki/Liz_Cheney" title="Liz Cheney">Liz Cheney</a>, among other members of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>. </p><p>Alumni who are leaders in higher education include the current president of <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_L._Eisgruber" title="Christopher L. Eisgruber">Christopher L. Eisgruber</a>; the current Dean of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_School_of_Law" title="University of Texas School of Law">University of Texas School of Law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ward_Farnsworth" title="Ward Farnsworth">Ward Farnsworth</a>; the former Dean of <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Law_School" title="Stanford Law School">Stanford Law School</a> and President of the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Kramer_(legal_scholar)" title="Larry Kramer (legal scholar)">Larry Kramer</a>; the co-chair of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">COVID-19 Advisory Board</a>, head of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a>, and former Dean of the <a href="/wiki/Yale_School_of_Medicine" title="Yale School of Medicine">Yale School of Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_A._Kessler" title="David A. Kessler">David A. Kessler</a>; the former Dean of <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Law_School" title="Cornell Law School">Cornell Law School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_C._Cramton" title="Roger C. Cramton">Roger C. Cramton</a>; and the former Dean of <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University_Law_School" title="Vanderbilt University Law School">Vanderbilt University Law School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulane_University_Law_School" title="Tulane University Law School">Tulane University Law School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Law_School" title="Cornell Law School">Cornell Law School</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Ray_Forrester" title="William Ray Forrester">William Ray Forrester</a>. Scholars who graduated from the law school include <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a> professor <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Glendon" title="Mary Ann Glendon">Mary Ann Glendon</a>, who is a former <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_Holy_See" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the Holy See">U.S. ambassador to the Holy See</a>; <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="First Amendment">First Amendment</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_R._Stone" title="Geoffrey R. Stone">Geoffrey R. Stone</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tax_law" title="Tax law">tax law</a> doyen <a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Blum" title="Walter J. Blum">Walter J. Blum</a>; and one of the pre-eminent constitutional law scholars of the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kalven" title="Harry Kalven">Harry Kalven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ShapiroJLS_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShapiroJLS-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In business, notable alumni include the billionaire and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Carlyle_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlyle Group">Carlyle Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Rubenstein" title="David Rubenstein">David Rubenstein</a>; the former CEO and president of <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a> and the current CEO of <a href="/wiki/Sidewalk_Labs" title="Sidewalk Labs">Sidewalk Labs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_L._Doctoroff" title="Daniel L. Doctoroff">Daniel L. Doctoroff</a>; the executive chairman of <a href="/wiki/Hyatt_Hotels_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyatt Hotels Corporation">Hyatt Hotels Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pritzker" title="Thomas Pritzker">Thomas Pritzker</a>; the chairman and president of <a href="/wiki/Compass_Lexecon" title="Compass Lexecon">Compass Lexecon</a> and an emeritus professor at the law school, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Fischel" title="Daniel Fischel">Daniel Fischel</a>; former president of <a href="/wiki/Weyerhaeuser" title="Weyerhaeuser">Weyerhaeuser</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norton_Clapp" title="Norton Clapp">Norton Clapp</a>; the current commissioner of the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Silver" title="Adam Silver">Adam Silver</a>; the founder of <a href="/wiki/Yammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Yammer">Yammer</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_O._Sacks" title="David O. Sacks">David O. Sacks</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Katherine_L._Adams" class="mw-redirect" title="Katherine L. Adams">Katherine L. Adams</a>, the general counsel of <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a>. In the field of <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organizations</a>, alumni include the founder and CEO of the <a href="/wiki/International_Justice_Mission" title="International Justice Mission">International Justice Mission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Haugen" title="Gary Haugen">Gary Haugen</a>; and co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Kutner" title="Luis Kutner">Luis Kutner</a>. </p><p>The law school also counts among its alumni four recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a>; two <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> winners; the first female African-American <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. senator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carol_Moseley_Braun" title="Carol Moseley Braun">Carol Moseley Braun</a>; the first African-American to serve as a United States federal judge, <a href="/wiki/James_Benton_Parsons" title="James Benton Parsons">James Benton Parsons</a>; civil rights attorney and chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Fair_Employment_Practices_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair Employment Practices Committee">Fair Employment Practices Committee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_B._Dickerson" title="Earl B. Dickerson">Earl B. Dickerson</a>; the first female president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Law_Institute" title="American Law Institute">American Law Institute</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">American Bar Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Cooper_Ramo" title="Roberta Cooper Ramo">Roberta Cooper Ramo</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>-winner <a href="/wiki/Studs_Terkel" title="Studs Terkel">Studs Terkel</a>; civil rights activist and the first woman to graduate from the law school, <a href="/wiki/Sophonisba_Breckinridge" title="Sophonisba Breckinridge">Sophonisba Breckinridge</a>; and the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design_movement" title="Intelligent design movement">intelligent design movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_E._Johnson" title="Phillip E. Johnson">Phillip E. Johnson</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-endowment-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-endowment_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As of FY2021. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.uchicago.edu/story/university-chicago-endowment-ended-fy21-116-billion">"University of Chicago endowment ended FY21 at $11.6 billion"</a>. uchicago news.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Chicago+endowment+ended+FY21+at+%2411.6+billion&rft.pub=uchicago+news&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.uchicago.edu%2Fstory%2Funiversity-chicago-endowment-ended-fy21-116-billion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Chicago+Law+School" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChicagoLaw-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ChicagoLaw_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChicagoLaw_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChicagoLaw_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChicagoLaw_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChicagoLaw_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" 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December 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chicago%2C+University+of+-+2021+Standard+509+Information+Report&rft.date=2021-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.uchicago.edu%2Ffiles%2F2022-01%2FStd509InfoReport-50-50-12-14-2021-11-03-50_a11y.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Chicago+Law+School" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-law-schools/university-of-chicago-03052#:~:text=University%20of%20Chicago%20is%20ranked,widely%20accepted%20indicators%20of%20excellence.">"University of Chicago"</a>. <i>U.S. News & World Report – Best Law Schools</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="University_of_Chicago" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#800000;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UChicago" title="Template:UChicago"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UChicago" title="Template talk:UChicago"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UChicago" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UChicago"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="University_of_Chicago" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">University of Chicago</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#800000;color:white;;width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#800000;color:white;">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_the_University_of_Chicago" title="College of the University of Chicago">The College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booth_School_of_Business" class="mw-redirect" title="Booth School of Business">Booth School of Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Divinity_School" title="University of Chicago Divinity School">Divinity School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_School_of_Continuing_Liberal_and_Professional_Studies" title="Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies">Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_School_of_Public_Policy_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Harris School of Public Policy Studies">Harris School of Public Policy Studies</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Law School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritzker_School_of_Medicine" title="Pritzker School of Medicine">Pritzker School of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Pritzker_School_of_Molecular_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Chicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering">Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_School_of_Social_Service_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration">School of Social Service Administration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#800000;color:white;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne National Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becker_Friedman_Institute_for_Research_in_Economics" title="Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics">Becker Friedman Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Middle_Eastern_Studies_at_the_University_of_Chicago" title="Center for Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Chicago">Center for Middle Eastern Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Population_Economics" title="Center for Population Economics">Center for Population Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Research_in_Security_Prices" title="Center for Research in Security Prices">Center for Research in Security Prices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Project_on_Security_and_Threats" title="Chicago Project on Security and Threats">Chicago Project on Security and Threats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago school of economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comer_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Comer Children's Hospital">Comer Children's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Social_Thought" title="Committee on Social Thought">Committee on Social Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Comprehensive_Cancer_Center" title="University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center">Comprehensive Cancer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi_Institute" title="Enrico Fermi Institute">Enrico Fermi Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermilab" title="Fermilab">Fermilab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Franck_Institute" title="James Franck Institute">James Franck Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Study_of_Ancient_Cultures,_West_Asia_%26_North_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, West Asia & North Africa">Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, West Asia & North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Institute_of_Politics" title="University of Chicago Institute of Politics">Institute of Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Laboratory_Schools" title="University of Chicago Laboratory Schools">Laboratory Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Biological_Laboratory" title="Marine Biological Laboratory">Marine Biological Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Medical_Center" title="University of Chicago Medical Center">Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORC_at_the_University_of_Chicago" title="NORC at the University of Chicago"> National Opinion Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Presidential_Center" title="Barack Obama Presidential Center">Obama Presidential Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulson_Institute" title="Paulson Institute">Paulson Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Shankman_Orthogenic_School" title="Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School">Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stieglitz_Lecture" title="Stieglitz Lecture">Stieglitz Lecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Technological_Institute_at_Chicago" title="Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago">Toyota Technological Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Chicago_Press_journals" title="List of University of Chicago Press journals">Journals</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#800000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Housing_at_the_University_of_Chicago" title="Housing at the University of Chicago"><span style="color:white">Residence halls</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burton%E2%80%93Judson_Courts" title="Burton–Judson Courts">Burton–Judson Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snell%E2%80%93Hitchcock" title="Snell–Hitchcock">Snell–Hitchcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_at_the_University_of_Chicago" title="Housing at the University of Chicago">Housing at the University of Chicago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#800000;color:white;;width:1%">Campus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartlett_Gymnasium" title="Bartlett Gymnasium">Bartlett Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Herbert_Jones_Laboratory" title="George Herbert Jones Laboratory">George Herbert Jones Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ratner_Athletics_Center" title="Gerald Ratner Athletics Center">Gerald Ratner Athletics Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Crown_Fieldhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Crown Fieldhouse">Henry Crown Fieldhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Chicago_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Chicago Hong Kong">Francis and Rose Yuen (Hong Kong) campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_Commons" title="Hutchinson Commons">Hutchinson Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Noyes_Hall" title="Ida Noyes Hall">Ida Noyes Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Library" title="University of Chicago Library">Library</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_and_Rika_Mansueto_Library" title="Joe and Rika Mansueto Library">Joe and Rika Mansueto Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crerar_Library" title="John Crerar Library">John Crerar Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regenstein_Library" title="Regenstein Library">Regenstein Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorado_Taft_Midway_Studios" title="Lorado Taft Midway Studios">Lorado Taft Midway Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Plaisance" title="Midway Plaisance">Midway Plaisance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrangle_Club_(University_of_Chicago)" title="Quadrangle Club (University of Chicago)">Quadrangle Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Society" title="Renaissance Society">Renaissance Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robie_House" title="Robie House">Robie House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Chapel" title="Rockefeller Chapel">Rockefeller Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminary_Co-op" title="Seminary Co-op">Seminary Co-op</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Museum_of_Art" title="Smart Museum of Art">Smart Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagg_Field" title="Stagg Field">Stagg Field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#800000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_University_of_Chicago" title="History of the University of Chicago"><span style="color:white">History</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cannon_v._University_of_Chicago" title="Cannon v. University of Chicago">Cannon v. University of Chicago</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Pile-1" title="Chicago Pile-1">Chicago Pile-1</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Energy_(sculpture)" title="Nuclear Energy (sculpture)">Nuclear Energy</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Graduate_Library_School" title="University of Chicago Graduate Library School">Graduate Library School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_sit-ins" title="University of Chicago sit-ins">University of Chicago sit-ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenwood_Astrophysical_Observatory" title="Kenwood Astrophysical Observatory">Kenwood Astrophysical Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgical_Laboratory" title="Metallurgical Laboratory">Metallurgical Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_University_of_Chicago" title="Old University of Chicago">Old University of Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkes_Observatory" title="Yerkes Observatory">Yerkes Observatory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#800000;color:white;;width:1%">Sports and traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Maroons" title="Chicago Maroons">Maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Maroons_football" title="Chicago Maroons football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Maroons_men%27s_basketball" title="Chicago Maroons men's basketball">Men's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Maroons_women%27s_basketball" title="Chicago Maroons women's basketball">Women's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lascivious_Costume_Ball" title="Lascivious Costume Ball">Lascivious Costume Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latke%E2%80%93Hamantash_Debate" title="Latke–Hamantash Debate">Latke–Hamantash Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Scavenger_Hunt" title="University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt">Scavenger Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Athletic_Association" title="University Athletic Association">University Athletic Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#800000;color:white;;width:1%">Student organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Band" title="University of Chicago Band">Band</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chicago_Maroon" title="The Chicago Maroon">The Chicago Maroon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Review" title="Chicago Review">Chicago Review</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CMAC_(UChicago)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CMAC (UChicago) (page does not exist)">CMAC (UChicago)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Contemporary_Chamber_Players" title="University of Chicago Contemporary Chamber Players">Contemporary Chamber Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Films" title="Doc Films">Doc Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-Off_Campus" title="Off-Off Campus">Off-Off Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Poetry_Club" title="University of Chicago Poetry Club">Poetry Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Student_Government" title="University of Chicago Student Government">Student Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voices_in_Your_Head" title="Voices in Your Head">Voices in Your Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHPK" title="WHPK">WHPK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#800000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Chicago_people" title="List of University of Chicago people"><span style="color:white">People</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Chicago_alumni" title="List of University of Chicago alumni">Alumni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Chicago_Booth_School_of_Business_alumni" title="List of University of Chicago Booth School of Business alumni">School of Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Chicago_Law_School_alumni" title="List of University of Chicago Law School alumni">Law School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Chicago_faculty" title="List of University of Chicago faculty">Faculty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Chicago_Booth_School_of_Business_faculty" title="List of University of Chicago Booth School of Business faculty">School of Business</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Law_schools_of_the_Midwest" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Law_Schools_of_the_Midwest" title="Template:Law Schools of the Midwest"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Law_Schools_of_the_Midwest" title="Template talk:Law Schools of the Midwest"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Law_Schools_of_the_Midwest" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Law Schools of the Midwest"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Law_schools_of_the_Midwest" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Law_school_in_the_United_States" title="Law school in the United States">Law schools of the</a> <a href="/wiki/Midwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwest">Midwest</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago-Kent_College_of_Law" title="Chicago-Kent College of Law">Chicago-Kent College of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DePaul_University_College_of_Law" title="DePaul University College of Law">DePaul University College of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Chicago_School_of_Law" title="University of Illinois Chicago School of Law">University of Illinois Chicago School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyola_University_Chicago_School_of_Law" title="Loyola University Chicago School of Law">Loyola University Chicago School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Illinois_University_College_of_Law" title="Northern Illinois University College of Law">Northern Illinois University College of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University_Pritzker_School_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law">Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_School_of_Law" title="Southern Illinois University School of Law">Southern Illinois University School of Law</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Chicago Law School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_College_of_Law" title="University of Illinois College of Law">University of Illinois College of Law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Maurer_School_of_Law" title="Indiana University Maurer School of Law">Indiana University Maurer School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Robert_H._McKinney_School_of_Law" title="Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law">Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Law_School" title="Notre Dame Law School">Notre Dame Law School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drake_University_Law_School" title="Drake University Law School">Drake University Law School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa_College_of_Law" title="University of Iowa College of Law">University of Iowa College of Law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kansas_School_of_Law" title="University of Kansas School of Law">University of Kansas School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washburn_University_School_of_Law" title="Washburn University School of Law">Washburn University School of Law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase_College_of_Law" title="Salmon P. Chase College of Law">Northern Kentucky University Chase College of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Louisville_School_of_Law" title="University of Louisville School of Law">University of Louisville Brandeis School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kentucky_College_of_Law" title="University of Kentucky College of Law">University of Kentucky College of Law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooley_Law_School" title="Cooley Law School">Cooley Law School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University_College_of_Law" title="Michigan State University College of Law">Michigan State University College of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Detroit_Mercy_School_of_Law" title="University of Detroit Mercy School of Law">University of Detroit Mercy School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Law_School" title="University of Michigan Law School">University of Michigan Law School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University_Law_School" title="Wayne State University Law School">Wayne State University Law School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Hamline_School_of_Law" title="Mitchell Hamline School of Law">Mitchell Hamline School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Law_School" title="University of Minnesota Law School">University of Minnesota Law School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_St._Thomas_School_of_Law" title="University of St. Thomas School of Law">University of St. Thomas School of Law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_University_School_of_Law" title="Saint Louis University School of Law">Saint Louis University School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri_School_of_Law" title="University of Missouri School of Law">University of Missouri School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri%E2%80%93Kansas_City_School_of_Law" title="University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law">University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_School_of_Law" title="Washington University School of Law">Washington University School of Law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creighton_University_School_of_Law" title="Creighton University School of Law">Creighton University School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_College_of_Law" title="University of Nebraska College of Law">University of Nebraska College of Law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Dakota_School_of_Law" title="University of North Dakota School of Law">University of North Dakota School of Law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_University_Law_School" title="Capital University Law School">Capital University Law School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University_School_of_Law" title="Case Western Reserve University School of Law">Case Western Reserve University School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_W._Pettit_College_of_Law" title="Claude W. Pettit College of Law">Ohio Northern University Claude W. Pettit College of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_State_University_College_of_Law" title="Cleveland State University College of Law">Cleveland State University College of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University_Moritz_College_of_Law" title="Ohio State University Moritz College of Law">Ohio State University Moritz College of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Akron_School_of_Law" title="University of Akron School of Law">University of Akron School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cincinnati_College_of_Law" title="University of Cincinnati College of Law">University of Cincinnati College of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dayton_School_of_Law" title="University of Dayton School of Law">University of Dayton School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toledo_College_of_Law" title="University of Toledo College of Law">University of Toledo College of Law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Dakota_School_of_Law" title="University of South Dakota School of Law">University of South Dakota School of Law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marquette_University_Law_School" title="Marquette University Law School">Marquette University Law School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Law_School" title="University of Wisconsin Law School">University of Wisconsin Law School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036763#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123391826">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123391826">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="University of Chicago. Law School"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003184595&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007574572005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058522146206706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032344147">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Chicago_Law_School&params=41_47_09_N_87_35_55_W_region:US-IL_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°47′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">87°35′55″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.78583°N 87.59861°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.78583; 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