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It is often blended with [[Roussanne]]. In Savoie the grape is known as ''grosse roussette''. Outside France it is also grown in Switzerland (where it is known as ''ermitage blanc'' or just ''ermitage''), Spain (where it is known as ''Marsana''<ref name="Oxford pg 429"/>), Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States. ==Wine regions== [[File:Cave de Tain Crozes-Hermitage Blanc 2008.jpg|thumb|left|A white [[Crozes-Hermitage]] produced from 100% Marsanne. As is the case for most French [[AOC (wine)|AOC wines]], the variety is not mentioned on the front label.]] The grape most likely originated in the [[Rhône (wine region)|Northern Rhône]] region where it is widely planted today, more precisely in the village and abbey of Marsanne (Drôme). It is a principal component of the white wines from the [[Hermitage AOC|Hermitage]], [[Crozes-Hermitage AOC|Crozes-Hermitage]] and [[Saint-Joseph AOC]]s. It is the most widely planted white wine grape in the [[Hermitage AOC]], where it is often blended with Roussanne. Along with Roussanne, up to 15% of Marsanne can be added to the red wine of Hermitage under ''[[Appellation d'origine contrôlée]]'' (AOC) regulations. In the [[Saint-Péray AOC]], it is used for both still and [[sparkling wine]] production. In the Southern Rhône, Marsanne is not one of the white grapes permitted in the [[Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC]], although Roussanne is. (In Châteauneuf-du-Pape blends, [[Clairette blanc]] adds similar characteristics as Marsanne.<ref name="Oxford pg 429">J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 429 Oxford University Press 2006 {{ISBN|0-19-860990-6}}</ref>) It can be found in some white wines from the [[Côtes du Rhône AOC]].<ref name="Robinson pg 235">J. Robinson ''Vines, Grapes & Wines'' pg 235 Mitchell Beazley 1986 {{ISBN|1-85732-999-6}}</ref> Although Marsanne is mostly made into a dry wine, it is commonly made into a sweet wine in [[Valais]], Switzerland<ref name="Wine Grapes pg 601">Jancis Robinson, Julia Harding, José Vouillamoz ''Wine Grapes'' pg 601 Penguin Group 2012 {{ISBN|978-1-846-14446-2}}</ref> and some producers in the Rhône have also experimented with making a [[dessert wine|dessert]]-style [[straw wine]] with Marsanne.<ref name="Clarke pg 124-125">Oz Clarke ''Encyclopedia of Grapes'' pg 124-125 Harcourt Books 2001 {{ISBN|0-15-100714-4}}</ref> Outside the Northern Rhône region, Marsanne is also found in [[Savoie (wine)|Savoie]] and in the [[Languedoc wine|Languedoc]] where it is often blended with [[Viognier]].<ref name="Clarke pg 124-125"/> It is a permitted grape in the [[Provence wine]] of [[Cassis]] though it is not widely used.<ref name="Robinson pg 235"/> ===Outside France=== [[File:Tahbilk Marsanne 2008.jpg|thumb|right|A Marsanne from [[Tahbilk]] in Australia.]] In [[Australia (wine)|Australia]], the grape was first planted in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] in the 1860s. The Victorian vineyard of [[Tahbilk]] has Marsanne vines which date back to 1927 and are some of the oldest in the world.<ref name="Clarke pg 124-125"/> In [[Switzerland]], Marsanne is grown in [[Valais]] where it is locally known as Ermitage and made into both sweet wines<ref name="Wine Grapes pg 601"/> and dry steely white wines with high [[alcohol levels]].<ref name="Robinson pg 235"/> In [[British Columbia]] and [[Washington State (wine)|Washington State]], plantings of Marsanne continue to increase as producers blend it with Roussanne and [[Viognier]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Crosariol |first=Beppi |date=16 September 2015 |title=Marsanne: This low-key French grape is like chardonnay without the ego |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/food-and-wine/wine/marsanne-think-of-this-low-key-french-grape-as-chardonnay-without-the-ego/article26359977/ |access-date=2016-06-18 |work=The Globe and Mail}}</ref> [[Varietal]] Marsanne from Washington has been shown to have notes of ripe [[white peach]] and spiced [[pear]].<ref name="Gregutt pg 53">P. Gregutt ''"Washington Wines and Wineries: The Essential Guide"'' pg 53 University of California Press 2007 {{ISBN|0-520-24869-4}}</ref> In [[California (wine)|California]], the [[Rhone Rangers]] movement introduced Marsanne to more consumers in wines that are often blended with Roussanne and Viognier. In [[Spain (wine)|Spain]] there are some plantings of Marsanne in the northeast.<ref name="Oxford pg 429"/> In [[New Jersey (wine)|New Jersey]] [http://unionvillevineyards.com/ Unionville Vineyards] grows Marsanne, Roussanne, and other Rhone varieties. Sommeliers have found that the vintage in relation to the climate has exaggerated effects on Marsanne blends in the United States. In [[Michigan (wine)|Michigan]] [http://domaineberrien.com/ Domaine Berrien Cellars] is the sole non-California member of the [[Rhone Rangers]] and pioneered the planting of Marsanne, Roussanne, Viognier, and Syrah in 1992. [http://domaineberrien.com/ Domaine Berrien Cellars] credits the success of their award-winning Marsanne and Oak Marsanne varietals to the unique microclimate of the Lake Michigan Shore AVA. In [[New Zealand]], Marsanne is grown in the East of the [[North Island]]. In [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]], Doug and Delwyn Bell grow Marsanne which is used to produce the "Allison" Gisborne Marsanne for Coopers Creek.<ref name="CoopersCreek">{{cite web |url=http://www.cooperscreek.co.nz/shop/example1/Select+Vineyards+Wines/Allison+Gisborne+Marsanne.html |title=Allison Gisborne Marsanne 2013 | accessdate=2016-02-21}}</ref> In nearby [[Hastings, New Zealand|Hastings]] Marsanne is blended with [[Viognier]] and fermented in aged French oak barrels which give a richness and complexity without introducing intrusive oak notes.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gimlett Gravels |title=2018 Gimblett Gravels Marsanne Viognier |url=https://www.trinityhill.com/product/18MARVIOGGNZ/2018-gimblett-gravels-marsanne-viognier-vegan-6-pack-special |website=Trinity Hills |publisher=Trinity Hill Winery |accessdate=15 August 2020}}</ref> ==Viticulture== [[File:Marsanne - Feuilles.jpg|thumb|right|Leaves of Marsanne vines.]] While not as temperamental as the Roussanne grape, Marsanne is prone to underperform in less than ideal sites. In climates that are too hot, the grape can over[[ripen (wine)|ripen]] and produce wine that is very flabby. In places that are too cool, the grape cannot ripen fully and produces wine with a bland and neutral flavor. In order to maintain a high level of acidity, winemakers try to [[harvest (wine)|harvest]] Marsanne just before it hits full ripeness. Some Australian winemakers prefer to let the grape hang longer on the vine to increase the alcohol level of the wine and its aging potential.<ref name="Robinson pg 235"/> ==Wines== Marsanne produces deeply colored wines that are rich and nutty, with hints of [[spice]] and [[pear]]. The wines can be high in alcohol and can be [[oak (wine)|oak]] aged to develop more [[body (wine)|body]].<ref name="Robinson pg 235"/> As Marsanne ages, the wine takes on an even darker color and the flavors can become more complex and concentrated with an oily, honeyed texture. Aromas of [[Nut (fruit)|nuts]] and [[quince]] can also develop.<ref name="Clarke pg 124-125"/> ==Synonyms== Marsanne is also known under the synonyms Avilleran, Avilleron, Champagne Piacentina, Ermitage, Ermitage Blanc, Ermitazh, Grosse Roussette, Hermitage, Johannisberg, Marsan Belyi, Marsanne Blanche, Marzanne, Metternich, Rousseau, Roussette de Saint Peray, Roussette Grosse, White Hermitage, and Zrmitazh.<ref name="VIVC">{{cite web |url=http://www.vivc.de/datasheet/dataResult.php?data=7434 |title=Marsanne |work=[[Vitis International Variety Catalogue]] |accessdate=2010-03-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422105957/http://www.vivc.de/datasheet/dataResult.php?data=7434 |archivedate=2012-04-22 }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{wines}} [[Category:White wine grape varieties]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span 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