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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Microanatomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microanatomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gene_and_protein_expression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gene_and_protein_expression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Gene and protein expression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gene_and_protein_expression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Function-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Function subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Digestion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digestion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Digestion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digestion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absorption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absorption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Absorption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absorption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immunological" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immunological"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Immunological</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immunological-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Additional images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Small intestine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 119 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">119 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunderm" title="Dunderm – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dunderm" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnndarm" title="Dünndarm – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Dünndarm" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9" title="أمعاء دقيقة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أمعاء دقيقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodiello_chicot" title="Bodiello chicot – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bodiello chicot" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%A5%DC%9D%DC%90_%DC%A9%DC%9B%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܡܥܝܐ ܩܛܝܢܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܥܝܐ ܩܛܝܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0" title="ক্ষুদ্ৰান্ত্ৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ক্ষুদ্ৰান্ত্ৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intest%C3%ADn_delg%C3%A1u" title="Intestín delgáu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Intestín delgáu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazik_ba%C4%9F%C4%B1rsaq" title="Nazik bağırsaq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nazik bağırsaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%82" title="نازیک باغیرساق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نازیک باغیرساق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="ক্ষুদ্রান্ত্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্ষুদ্রান্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%B3-tn%CC%82g" title="Sió-tn̂g – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sió-tn̂g" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D3%99%D2%99%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D1%81%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Нәҙек эсәк – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нәҙек эсәк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тонкая кішка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тонкая кішка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тонкая кішка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тонкая кішка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadit_na_bituka" title="Sadit na bituka – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sadit na bituka" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Тънко черво – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тънко черво" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanko_crijevo" title="Tanko crijevo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tanko crijevo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouzellenn_voan" title="Bouzellenn voan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bouzellenn voan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intest%C3%AD_prim" title="Intestí prim – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Intestí prim" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenk%C3%A9_st%C5%99evo" title="Tenké střevo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tenké střevo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coluddyn_bach" title="Coluddyn bach – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Coluddyn bach" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyndtarm" title="Tyndtarm – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyndtarm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnndarm" title="Dünndarm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dünndarm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AA%DE%91%DE%A6_%DE%8E%DE%AE%DE%80%DE%AE%DE%83%DE%AA" title="ކުޑަ ގޮހޮރު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކުޑަ ގޮހޮރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peensool" title="Peensool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Peensool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%84%CF%8C_%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Λεπτό έντερο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λεπτό έντερο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestino_delgado" title="Intestino delgado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Intestino delgado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldika_intesto" title="Maldika intesto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maldika intesto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heste_mehar" title="Heste mehar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Heste mehar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DA%A9" title="روده کوچک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روده کوچک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhotaa_atrrii" title="Chhotaa atrrii – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chhotaa atrrii" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestin_gr%C3%AAle" title="Intestin grêle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Intestin grêle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Put%C3%B3g_bheag" title="Putóg bheag – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Putóg bheag" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestino_delgado" title="Intestino delgado – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Intestino delgado" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%91%EC%9D%80%EC%B0%BD%EC%9E%90" title="작은창자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="작은창자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%AB%D6%84" title="Բարակ աղիք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բարակ աղիք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="क्षुद्रांत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्षुद्रांत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanko_crijevo" title="Tanko crijevo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tanko crijevo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silet" title="Silet – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Silet" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usus_halus" title="Usus halus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Usus halus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mj%C3%B3girni" title="Mjógirni – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mjógirni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestino_tenue" title="Intestino tenue – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Intestino tenue" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A7" title="המעי הדק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המעי הדק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usus_alus" title="Usus alus – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Usus alus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಸಣ್ಣ ಕರುಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಣ್ಣ ಕರುಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malating_bituka" title="Malating bituka – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Malating bituka" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%84%DA%A9%D9%95%D9%B9%D8%A0_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8E%D9%85" title="لۄکٕٹؠ أندرَم – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="لۄکٕٹؠ أندرَم" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%89%D1%8B_%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Ащы ішек – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ащы ішек" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolodhyonen_vyghan" title="Kolodhyonen vyghan – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kolodhyonen vyghan" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utumbo_mwembamba" title="Utumbo mwembamba – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Utumbo mwembamba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti_trip" title="Ti trip – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ti trip" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBviya_zirav" title="Rûviya zirav – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rûviya zirav" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Ичке ичеги – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ичке ичеги" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestinum_tenue" title="Intestinum tenue – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Intestinum tenue" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiev%C4%81_zarna" title="Tievā zarna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tievā zarna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%ABnndaarm" title="Dënndaarm – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Dënndaarm" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plonoji_%C5%BEarna" title="Plonoji žarna – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Plonoji žarna" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunnen_derm" title="Dunnen derm – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Dunnen derm" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mos%C9%94p%C9%94%CC%81_mok%C9%9B%CC%81" title="Mosɔpɔ́ mokɛ́ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mosɔpɔ́ mokɛ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestin_magra" title="Intestin magra – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Intestin magra" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestin_suttil" title="Intestin suttil – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Intestin suttil" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9konyb%C3%A9l" title="Vékonybél – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vékonybél" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%86%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Тенко црево – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тенко црево" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD" title="ചെറുകുടൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചെറുകുടൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="लहान आतडे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लहान आतडे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usus_kecil" title="Usus kecil – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Usus kecil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C4%93u-di%C3%B2ng" title="Siēu-diòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Siēu-diòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="အူသိမ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အူသိမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wawa_lalai" title="Wawa lalai – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Wawa lalai" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunne_darm" title="Dunne darm – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dunne darm" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%85%B8" title="小腸 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="小腸" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%8C%D1%85%D1%8C" title="Коча йоьхь – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Коча йоьхь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tynntarm" title="Tynntarm – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tynntarm" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tynntarm" title="Tynntarm – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tynntarm" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestin_prim" title="Intestin prim – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Intestin prim" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingichka_ichak" title="Ingichka ichak – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ingichka ichak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0" title="ਨਿੱਕੀ ਆਂਦਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿੱਕੀ ਆਂਦਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="نکی آندر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نکی آندر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%D9%86%DB%8D_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87" title="کوچنۍ کولمه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوچنۍ کولمه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestin_cit" title="Intestin cit – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Intestin cit" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnndarm" title="Dünndarm – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Dünndarm" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelito_cienkie" title="Jelito cienkie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jelito cienkie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestino_delgado" title="Intestino delgado – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Intestino delgado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestin_sub%C8%9Bire" title="Intestin subțire – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Intestin subțire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91a%C3%B1u_ch%27unchul" title="Ñañu ch'unchul – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ñañu ch'unchul" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тонка кышка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Тонка кышка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тонкая кишка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тонкая кишка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%81_%D0%BEh%D0%BE%D2%95%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Синньигэс оhоҕос – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Синньигэс оhоҕос" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smaw_thairm" title="Smaw thairm – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Smaw thairm" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zorra_e_holl%C3%AB" title="Zorra e hollë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zorra e hollë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_intestine" title="Small intestine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Small intestine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%86%DA%8D%D9%88_%D8%A2%D9%86%DA%8A%D9%88" title="ننڍو آنڊو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ننڍو آنڊو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenk%C3%A9_%C4%8Drevo" title="Tenké črevo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tenké črevo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanko_%C4%8Drevo" title="Tanko črevo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tanko črevo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8C%D8%AE%DB%86%DA%B5%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%95" title="ڕیخۆڵەباریکە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕیخۆڵەباریکە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%86%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Танко црево – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Танко црево" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanko_crijevo" title="Tanko crijevo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tanko crijevo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohutsuoli" title="Ohutsuoli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ohutsuoli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunntarm" title="Tunntarm – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tunntarm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliit_na_bituka" title="Maliit na bituka – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Maliit na bituka" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சிறுகுடல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிறுகுடல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D3%99_%D1%8D%D1%87%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Нечкә эчәк – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нечкә эчәк" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81" title="చిన్న ప్రేగు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చిన్న ప్రేగు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81" title="ลำไส้เล็ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลำไส้เล็ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nce_ba%C4%9F%C4%B1rsak" title="İnce bağırsak – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İnce bağırsak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тонка кишка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тонка кишка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%BE%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA" title="چھوٹی آنت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چھوٹی آنت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saejlwg" title="Saejlwg – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Saejlwg" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestin_tenue" title="Intestin tenue – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Intestin tenue" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%E1%BB%99t_non" title="Ruột non – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ruột non" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitit_boyea" title="Pitit boyea – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pitit boyea" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guti_nga_tina-i" title="Guti nga tina-i – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Guti nga tina-i" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%82%A0" title="小肠 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="小肠" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%A2" title="קליינע קישקע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קליינע קישקע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%85%B8" title="小腸 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="小腸" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roq%C4%B1la_bariye" title="Roqıla bariye – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Roqıla bariye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C4%ABstgruobis" title="Skīstgruobis – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Skīstgruobis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%82%A0" title="小肠 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="小肠" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkat_ija" title="Nkat ija – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Nkat ija" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11090#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Small intestine</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tractus_intestinalis_intestinum_tenue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Tractus_intestinalis_intestinum_tenue.svg/200px-Tractus_intestinalis_intestinum_tenue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Tractus_intestinalis_intestinum_tenue.svg/300px-Tractus_intestinalis_intestinum_tenue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Tractus_intestinalis_intestinum_tenue.svg/400px-Tractus_intestinalis_intestinum_tenue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="563" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Small intestine and surrounding structures</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">Gastrointestinal tract</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Organ_system" title="Organ system">System</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Digestive_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Digestive system">Digestive system</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Artery</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_artery" title="Superior mesenteric artery">Superior mesenteric artery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jejunal_arteries" title="Jejunal arteries">jejunal arteries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ileal_arteries" title="Ileal arteries">ileal arteries</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vein" title="Vein">Vein</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_portal_vein" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepatic portal vein">Hepatic portal vein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_vein" title="Superior mesenteric vein">superior mesenteric vein</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nerve" title="Nerve">Nerve</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Celiac_ganglia" title="Celiac ganglia">Celiac ganglia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vagus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vagus">vagus</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lymph" title="Lymph">Lymph</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intestinal_lymph_trunk" title="Intestinal lymph trunk">Intestinal lymph trunk</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>intestinum tenue</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D007421">D007421</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/05.6.01.001%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A05.6.01.001</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=2933">2933</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma7200">7200</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257608828">.mw-parser-output .gastrointestinal-tract{width:21em}.mw-parser-output .gastrointestinal-tract .sidebar-list-title{padding-right:3em;font-size:100%;background-color:MistyRose}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks gastrointestinal-tract hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg/200px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg/300px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg/400px-Stomach_colon_rectum_diagram-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="529" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Major parts of the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">Gastrointestinal tract</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Upper_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper gastrointestinal tract">Upper gastrointestinal tract</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mouth" title="Mouth">Mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharynx" title="Pharynx">Pharynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">Esophagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">Stomach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">Duodenum</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lower_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower gastrointestinal tract">Lower gastrointestinal tract</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Small intestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">Jejunum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">Ileum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">Large intestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecum" title="Cecum">Cecum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appendix_(anatomy)" title="Appendix (anatomy)">Appendix</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascending_colon" title="Ascending colon">Ascending colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_colon" title="Transverse colon">Transverse colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descending_colon" title="Descending colon">Descending colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmoid_colon" title="Sigmoid colon">Sigmoid colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum">Rectum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">Anus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_wall" title="Gastrointestinal wall">Gastrointestinal wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_digestive_system" title="Human digestive system">Human digestive system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_human_anatomy" title="Outline of human anatomy">Outline of human anatomy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gastrointestinal_tract_sidebar" title="Template:Gastrointestinal tract sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gastrointestinal_tract_sidebar" title="Template talk:Gastrointestinal tract sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gastrointestinal_tract_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gastrointestinal tract sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>small intestine</b> or <b>small bowel</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Organ_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Organ (anatomy)">organ</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Human gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</a> where most of the <a href="#Absorption">absorption</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient">nutrients</a> from food takes place. It lies between the <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">large intestine</a>, and receives <a href="/wiki/Bile" title="Bile">bile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_juice" title="Pancreatic juice">pancreatic juice</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_duct" title="Pancreatic duct">pancreatic duct</a> to aid in <a href="/wiki/Digestion" title="Digestion">digestion</a>. The small intestine is about 5.5 metres (18 feet) long and folds many times to fit in the abdomen. Although it is longer than the large intestine, it is called the small intestine because it is narrower in diameter. </p><p>The small intestine has three distinct regions – the <a href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">duodenum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">jejunum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">ileum</a>. The duodenum, the shortest, is where preparation for absorption through small finger-like protrusions called <a href="/wiki/Intestinal_villus" title="Intestinal villus">villi</a> begins.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The jejunum is specialized for the absorption through its lining by <a href="/wiki/Enterocytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterocytes">enterocytes</a>: small nutrient particles which have been previously digested by <a href="/wiki/Enzymes" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzymes">enzymes</a> in the duodenum. The main function of the ileum is to absorb <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">vitamin B<sub>12</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/Bile_salts" class="mw-redirect" title="Bile salts">bile salts</a>, and whatever products of digestion that were not absorbed by the jejunum. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Size">Size</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Size"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The length of the small intestine can vary greatly, from as short as 3 metres (10 feet) to as long as <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>10.5 m (<span class="frac">34<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> ft), also depending on the measuring technique used.<sup id="cite_ref-Di2016_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Di2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The typical length in a living person is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" />3–5 m (10–<span class="frac">16<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> ft).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The length depends both on how tall the person is and how the length is measured.<sup id="cite_ref-Di2016_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Di2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taller people generally have a longer small intestine and measurements are generally longer after death and when the bowel is empty.<sup id="cite_ref-Di2016_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Di2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" align="right"> <caption>Small bowel dilation on <a href="/wiki/CT_scan" title="CT scan">CT scan</a> in adults<sup id="cite_ref-JacobsRozenblit2007_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JacobsRozenblit2007-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><2.5 cm</td> <td>Non-dilated </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.5-2.9 cm</td> <td>Mildly dilated </td></tr> <tr> <td>3–4 cm</td> <td>Moderately dilated </td></tr> <tr> <td>>4 cm</td> <td>Severely dilated </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>It is approximately <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" />1.5 centimetres (<span class="frac"><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> inch) in diameter in <a href="/wiki/Neonate" class="mw-redirect" title="Neonate">newborns</a> after 35 weeks of <a href="/wiki/Gestational_age_(obstetrics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gestational age (obstetrics)">gestational age</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027" />2.5–3 cm (1–<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in) in diameter in adults. On <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_X-ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdominal X-ray">abdominal X-rays</a>, the small intestine is considered to be abnormally dilated when the diameter exceeds 3 cm.<sup id="cite_ref-medscape_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medscape-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On <a href="/wiki/CT_scan" title="CT scan">CT scans</a>, a diameter of over 2.5 cm is considered abnormally dilated.<sup id="cite_ref-medscape_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medscape-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GazelleGoldberg1994_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GazelleGoldberg1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surface area of the human <a href="/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract#Mucosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Human gastrointestinal tract">small intestinal mucosa</a>, due to enlargement caused by folds, villi and microvilli, averages 30 square metres (320 sq ft).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parts">Parts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Parts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png/220px-Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png/330px-Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png/440px-Blausen_0817_SmallIntestine_Anatomy.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Labeled diagram of the small intestine and its surrounding structures</figcaption></figure> <p>The small intestine is divided into three structural parts. </p> <ul><li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">duodenum</a></b> is a short structure ranging from 20–25 cm (8–10 in) in length, and shaped like a "C".<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It surrounds the head of the pancreas. It receives gastric <a href="/wiki/Chyme" title="Chyme">chyme</a> from the stomach, together with digestive juices from the <a href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">pancreas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digestive_enzymes" class="mw-redirect" title="Digestive enzymes">digestive enzymes</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bile" title="Bile">bile</a>). The digestive enzymes break down proteins and bile <a href="/wiki/Emulsify" class="mw-redirect" title="Emulsify">emulsifies</a> fats into <a href="/wiki/Micelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Micelles">micelles</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">duodenum</a> contains <a href="/wiki/Brunner%27s_glands" title="Brunner's glands">Brunner's glands</a>, which produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion containing <a href="/wiki/Bicarbonate" title="Bicarbonate">bicarbonate</a>. These secretions, in combination with bicarbonate from the pancreas, neutralize the stomach acids contained in gastric chyme.</li> <li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">jejunum</a></b> is the midsection of the small intestine, connecting the duodenum to the ileum. It is about 2.5 m (8 ft) long, and contains the <a href="/wiki/Circular_folds" title="Circular folds">circular folds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Intestinal_villus" title="Intestinal villus">intestinal villi</a> that increase its surface area. Products of digestion (sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids) are absorbed into the bloodstream here. The <a href="/wiki/Suspensory_muscle_of_duodenum" title="Suspensory muscle of duodenum">suspensory muscle of duodenum</a> marks the division between the duodenum and the jejunum.</li> <li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">ileum</a></b>: The final section of the small intestine. It is about 3 m long, and contains villi similar to the jejunum. It absorbs mainly <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">vitamin B12</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bile_acids" class="mw-redirect" title="Bile acids">bile acids</a>, as well as any other remaining nutrients. The ileum joins to the <a href="/wiki/Cecum" title="Cecum">cecum</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">large intestine</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Ileocecal_junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Ileocecal junction">ileocecal junction</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p>The jejunum and ileum are suspended in the <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_cavity" title="Abdominal cavity">abdominal cavity</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mesentery" title="Mesentery">mesentery</a>. The mesentery is part of the <a href="/wiki/Peritoneum" title="Peritoneum">peritoneum</a>. Arteries, veins, lymph vessels and nerves travel within the mesentery.<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005C_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005C-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blood_supply">Blood supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Blood supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The small intestine receives a blood supply from the <a href="/wiki/Celiac_trunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Celiac trunk">celiac trunk</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_artery" title="Superior mesenteric artery">superior mesenteric artery</a>. These are both branches of the <a href="/wiki/Aorta" title="Aorta">aorta</a>. The duodenum receives blood from the <a href="/wiki/Coeliac_trunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Coeliac trunk">coeliac trunk</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Superior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery" title="Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery">superior pancreaticoduodenal artery</a> and from the superior mesenteric artery via the <a href="/wiki/Inferior_pancreaticoduodenal_artery" title="Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery">inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery</a>. These two arteries both have <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location" title="Anatomical terms of location">anterior and posterior</a> branches that meet in the midline and <a href="/wiki/Anastomosis" title="Anastomosis">anastomose</a>. The jejunum and ileum receive blood from the superior mesenteric artery.<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005B_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005B-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Branches of the superior mesenteric artery form a series of arches within the mesentery known as <a href="/wiki/Arterial_arcades" title="Arterial arcades">arterial arcades</a>, which may be several layers deep. Straight blood vessels known as <a href="/wiki/Vasa_recta_(intestines)" title="Vasa recta (intestines)">vasa recta</a> travel from the arcades closest to the ileum and jejunum to the organs themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-GRAYS2005B_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRAYS2005B-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microanatomy">Microanatomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Microanatomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_wall" title="Gastrointestinal wall">Gastrointestinal wall</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg/250px-Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg/330px-Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg/500px-Small_intestine_low_mag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2563" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Micrograph" title="Micrograph">Micrograph</a> of the small intestine <a href="/wiki/Mucosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucosa">mucosa</a> showing the <a href="/wiki/Intestinal_villi" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestinal villi">intestinal villi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crypts_of_Lieberk%C3%BChn" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypts of Lieberkühn">crypts of Lieberkühn</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The three sections of the small intestine look similar to each other at a microscopic level, but there are some important differences. The parts of the intestine are as follows: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_Section_of_a_Small_Intestine.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cross_Section_of_a_Small_Intestine.png/220px-Cross_Section_of_a_Small_Intestine.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cross_Section_of_a_Small_Intestine.png/330px-Cross_Section_of_a_Small_Intestine.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cross_Section_of_a_Small_Intestine.png/440px-Cross_Section_of_a_Small_Intestine.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>This cross section diagram shows the 4 layers of the small intestine wall.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Layer</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">Duodenum</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">Jejunum</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">Ileum</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Serosa">Serosa</a></td> <td>1st part serosa, 2nd–4th adventitia</td> <td>Normal</td> <td>Normal </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muscularis_externa" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscularis externa">Muscularis externa</a></td> <td>Longitudinal and circular layers, with <a href="/wiki/Auerbach%27s_plexus" class="mw-redirect" title="Auerbach's plexus">Auerbach's (myenteric) plexus</a> in between</td> <td>Same as duodenum</td> <td>Same as duodenum </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Submucosa" title="Submucosa">Submucosa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brunner%27s_glands" title="Brunner's glands">Brunner's glands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meissner%27s_plexus" class="mw-redirect" title="Meissner's plexus">Meissner's (submucosal) plexus</a></td> <td>No BG</td> <td>No BG </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mucosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucosa">Mucosa</a>: <a href="/wiki/Muscularis_mucosae" title="Muscularis mucosae">muscularis mucosae</a></td> <td>Normal</td> <td>Normal</td> <td>Normal </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mucosa: <a href="/wiki/Lamina_propria" title="Lamina propria">lamina propria</a></td> <td>No PP</td> <td>No PP</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peyer%27s_patches" class="mw-redirect" title="Peyer's patches">Peyer's patches</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mucosa: <a href="/wiki/Intestinal_epithelium" title="Intestinal epithelium">intestinal epithelium</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simple_columnar_epithelium" title="Simple columnar epithelium">Simple columnar</a>. Contains <a href="/wiki/Goblet_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Goblet cells">goblet cells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paneth_cell" title="Paneth cell">Paneth cells</a></td> <td>Similar to <a href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">duodenum</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Intestinal" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestinal">intestinal</a> villus is long</td> <td>Similar to <a href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">duodenum</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Intestinal_villus" title="Intestinal villus">intestinal villus</a> is short </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gene_and_protein_expression">Gene and protein expression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gene and protein expression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>About 20,000 protein coding genes are <a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">expressed</a> in human cells and 70% of these genes are expressed in the normal duodenum.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some 300 of these genes are more specifically expressed in the duodenum with very few genes expressed only in the small intestine. The corresponding specific proteins are expressed in glandular cells of the mucosa, such as <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid-binding_protein" title="Fatty acid-binding protein">fatty acid binding protein</a> <a href="/wiki/FABP6" title="FABP6">FABP6</a>. Most of the more specifically expressed genes in the small intestine are also expressed in the duodenum, for example <a href="/wiki/FABP2" title="FABP2">FABP2</a> and the <a href="/wiki/DEFA6" title="DEFA6">DEFA6</a> protein expressed in secretory granules of <a href="/wiki/Paneth_cell" title="Paneth cell">Paneth cells</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_digestive_system" title="Development of the digestive system">Development of the digestive system</a></div> <p>The small intestine develops from the <a href="/wiki/Midgut" title="Midgut">midgut</a> of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primitive_gut_tube&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primitive gut tube (page does not exist)">primitive gut tube</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LARSENS2009_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARSENS2009-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the fifth week of <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryological</a> life, the <a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">ileum</a> begins to grow longer at a very fast rate, forming a U-shaped fold called the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primary_intestinal_loop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primary intestinal loop (page does not exist)">primary intestinal loop</a>. The loop grows so fast in length that it outgrows the abdomen and protrudes through the <a href="/wiki/Navel" title="Navel">umbilicus</a>. By week 10, the loop retracts back into the abdomen. Between weeks six and ten the small intestine rotates anticlockwise, as viewed from the front of the embryo. It rotates a further 180 degrees after it has moved back into the abdomen. This process creates the twisted shape of the <a href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">large intestine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LARSENS2009_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARSENS2009-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1906_399.png" class="mw-file-description" title="First stage of the development of the intestinal canal and the peritoneum, seen from the side (diagrammatic). From colon 1 the ascending and transverse colon will be formed and from colon 2 the descending and sigmoid colons and the rectum."><img alt="First stage of the development of the intestinal canal and the peritoneum, seen from the side (diagrammatic). From colon 1 the ascending and transverse colon will be formed and from colon 2 the descending and sigmoid colons and the rectum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Sobo_1906_399.png/117px-Sobo_1906_399.png" decoding="async" width="117" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Sobo_1906_399.png/176px-Sobo_1906_399.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Sobo_1906_399.png/235px-Sobo_1906_399.png 2x" data-file-width="1866" data-file-height="1908" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">First stage of the development of the intestinal canal and the peritoneum, seen from the side (diagrammatic). From colon 1 the ascending and transverse colon will be formed and from colon 2 the descending and sigmoid colons and the rectum.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1906_400.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Second stage of development of the intestinal canal and peritoneum, seen from in front (diagrammatic). The liver has been removed and the two layers of the ventral mesogastrium (lesser omentum) have been cut. The vessels are represented in black and the peritoneum in the reddish tint."><img alt="Second stage of development of the intestinal canal and peritoneum, seen from in front (diagrammatic). The liver has been removed and the two layers of the ventral mesogastrium (lesser omentum) have been cut. The vessels are represented in black and the peritoneum in the reddish tint." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Sobo_1906_400.png/120px-Sobo_1906_400.png" decoding="async" width="108" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Sobo_1906_400.png/250px-Sobo_1906_400.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1755" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Second stage of development of the intestinal canal and peritoneum, seen from in front (diagrammatic). The liver has been removed and the two layers of the ventral mesogastrium (lesser omentum) have been cut. The vessels are represented in black and the peritoneum in the reddish tint.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1906_401.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Third state of the development of the intestinal canal and peritoneum, seen from in front (diagrammatic). The mode of preparation is the same as in Fig 400"><img alt="Third state of the development of the intestinal canal and peritoneum, seen from in front (diagrammatic). The mode of preparation is the same as in Fig 400" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sobo_1906_401.png/120px-Sobo_1906_401.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sobo_1906_401.png/179px-Sobo_1906_401.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sobo_1906_401.png/239px-Sobo_1906_401.png 2x" data-file-width="1794" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Third state of the development of the intestinal canal and peritoneum, seen from in front (diagrammatic). The mode of preparation is the same as in <a href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1906_400.png" title="File:Sobo 1906 400.png">Fig 400</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Food from the stomach is allowed into the duodenum through the <a href="/wiki/Pylorus" title="Pylorus">pylorus</a> by a muscle called the pyloric sphincter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digestion">Digestion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Digestion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The small intestine is where most chemical digestion takes place. Many of the <a href="/wiki/Digestive_enzyme" title="Digestive enzyme">digestive enzymes</a> that act in the small intestine are secreted by the <a href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">pancreas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> and enter the small intestine via the <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_duct" title="Pancreatic duct">pancreatic duct</a>. Pancreatic enzymes and <a href="/wiki/Bile" title="Bile">bile</a> from the gallbladder enter the small intestine in response to the hormone <a href="/wiki/Cholecystokinin" title="Cholecystokinin">cholecystokinin</a>, which is produced in the response to the presence of nutrients. <a href="/wiki/Secretin" title="Secretin">Secretin</a>, another hormone produced in the small intestine, causes additional effects on the pancreas, where it promotes the release of <a href="/wiki/Bicarbonate" title="Bicarbonate">bicarbonate</a> into the duodenum in order to neutralize the potentially harmful acid coming from the stomach. </p><p>The three major classes of nutrients that undergo digestion are <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">lipids</a> (fats) and <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>: </p> <ul><li>Proteins are degraded into small <a href="/wiki/Peptide" title="Peptide">peptides</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acids</a> before absorption.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chemical breakdown begins in the stomach and continues in the small intestine. Proteolytic enzymes, including <a href="/wiki/Trypsin" title="Trypsin">trypsin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chymotrypsin" title="Chymotrypsin">chymotrypsin</a>, are secreted by the <a href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">pancreas</a> and cleave proteins into smaller peptides. Carboxypeptidase, which is a pancreatic <a href="/wiki/Brush_border" title="Brush border">brush border</a> enzyme, splits one amino acid at a time. <a href="/wiki/Aminopeptidase" title="Aminopeptidase">Aminopeptidase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dipeptidase" title="Dipeptidase">dipeptidase</a> free the end amino acid products.</li> <li>Lipids (fats) are degraded into <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">fatty acids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glycerol" title="Glycerol">glycerol</a>. Pancreatic lipase breaks down <a href="/wiki/Triglyceride" title="Triglyceride">triglycerides</a> into free fatty acids and <a href="/wiki/Monoglyceride" title="Monoglyceride">monoglycerides</a>. Pancreatic lipase works with the help of the salts from the <a href="/wiki/Bile" title="Bile">bile</a> secreted by the <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> and stored in the <a href="/wiki/Gall_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Gall bladder">gall bladder</a>. Bile salts attach to triglycerides to help <a href="/wiki/Emulsion" title="Emulsion">emulsify</a> them, which aids access by pancreatic lipase. This occurs because the lipase is water-soluble but the fatty triglycerides are hydrophobic and tend to orient towards each other and away from the watery intestinal surroundings. The bile salts emulsify the triglycerides in the watery surroundings until the lipase can break them into the smaller components that are able to enter the villi for absorption.</li> <li>Some carbohydrates are degraded into simple sugars, or <a href="/wiki/Monosaccharide" title="Monosaccharide">monosaccharides</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a>). Pancreatic amylase breaks down some carbohydrates (notably <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starch</a>) into oligosaccharides. Other carbohydrates pass undigested into the large intestine for further handling by <a href="/wiki/Intestinal_bacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestinal bacteria">intestinal bacteria</a>. Brush border enzymes take over from there. The most important brush border enzymes are dextrinase and glucoamylase, which further break down oligosaccharides. Other brush border enzymes are maltase, sucrase and lactase. Lactase is absent in some adult humans and, for them, lactose (a disaccharide), as well as most polysaccharides, is not digested in the small intestine. Some carbohydrates, such as <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a>, are not digested at all, despite being made of multiple <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a> units. This is because the cellulose is made out of beta-glucose, making the inter-monosaccharidal bindings different from the ones present in starch, which consists of alpha-glucose. Humans lack the enzyme for splitting the beta-glucose-bonds, something reserved for herbivores and bacteria from the large intestine.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absorption">Absorption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Absorption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Digested food is now able to pass into the blood vessels in the wall of the intestine through either <a href="/wiki/Diffusion" title="Diffusion">diffusion</a> or <a href="/wiki/Active_transport" title="Active transport">active transport</a>. The small intestine is the site where most of the nutrients from ingested food are absorbed. The inner wall, or mucosa, of the small intestine, is lined with <a href="/wiki/Intestinal_epithelium" title="Intestinal epithelium">intestinal epithelium</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Simple_columnar_epithelium" title="Simple columnar epithelium">simple columnar epithelium</a>. Structurally, the mucosa is covered in wrinkles or flaps called <a href="/wiki/Circular_folds" title="Circular folds">circular folds</a>, which are considered permanent features in the mucosa. They are distinct from <a href="/wiki/Rugae" title="Rugae">rugae</a> which are considered non-permanent or temporary allowing for distention and contraction. From the circular folds project microscopic finger-like pieces of tissue called <a href="/wiki/Intestinal_villus" title="Intestinal villus">villi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for "shaggy hair"). The individual epithelial cells also have finger-like projections known as <a href="/wiki/Microvilli" class="mw-redirect" title="Microvilli">microvilli</a>. The functions of the circular folds, the villi, and the microvilli are to increase the amount of surface area available for the absorption of <a href="/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient">nutrients</a>, and to limit the loss of said nutrients to intestinal fauna. </p><p>Each villus has a network of <a href="/wiki/Capillary" title="Capillary">capillaries</a> and fine lymphatic vessels called <a href="/wiki/Lacteal" title="Lacteal">lacteals</a> close to its surface. The epithelial cells of the villi transport nutrients from the lumen of the intestine into these capillaries (amino acids and carbohydrates) and lacteals (lipids). The absorbed substances are transported via the blood vessels to different organs of the body where they are used to build complex substances such as the proteins required by our body. The material that remains undigested and unabsorbed passes into the large intestine. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Absorption_of_glucose_in_the_small_intestine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Absorption_of_glucose_in_the_small_intestine.svg/220px-Absorption_of_glucose_in_the_small_intestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Absorption_of_glucose_in_the_small_intestine.svg/330px-Absorption_of_glucose_in_the_small_intestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Absorption_of_glucose_in_the_small_intestine.svg/440px-Absorption_of_glucose_in_the_small_intestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Absorption of glucose in the small intestine</figcaption></figure> <p>Absorption of the majority of nutrients takes place in the <a href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">jejunum</a>, with the following notable exceptions: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Iron</a> is absorbed in the duodenum.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate</a> (Vitamin B9) is absorbed in the duodenum and jejunum.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">Vitamin B12</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bile_salts" class="mw-redirect" title="Bile salts">bile salts</a> are absorbed in the <a href="/wiki/Terminal_ileum" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal ileum">terminal ileum</a>. Vitamin B12 will only be absorbed by the ileum after binding to a protein known as <a href="/wiki/Intrinsic_factor" title="Intrinsic factor">intrinsic factor</a>.</li> <li>Water is absorbed by <a href="/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis">osmosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">lipids</a> by passive diffusion throughout the small intestine.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate">Sodium bicarbonate</a> is absorbed by active transport and <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acid</a> <a href="/wiki/Co-transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-transport">co-transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fructose" title="Fructose">Fructose</a> is absorbed by <a href="/wiki/Facilitated_diffusion" title="Facilitated diffusion">facilitated diffusion</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immunological">Immunological</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Immunological"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The small intestine supports the body's <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presence of <a href="/wiki/Gut_flora" class="mw-redirect" title="Gut flora">gut flora</a> appears to contribute positively to the host's immune system. <a href="/wiki/Peyer%27s_patch" title="Peyer's patch">Peyer's patches</a>, located within the ileum of the small intestine, are an important part of the digestive tract's local immune system. They are part of the lymphatic system, and provide a site for antigens from potentially harmful bacteria or other microorganisms in the digestive tract to be sampled, and subsequently presented to the immune system.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_disease" title="Gastrointestinal disease">Gastrointestinal disease</a></div> <p>The small intestine is a complex organ, and as such, there are a very large number of possible conditions that may affect the function of the small bowel. A few of them are listed below, some of which are common, with up to 10% of people being affected at some time in their lives, while others are vanishingly rare. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Small intestine obstruction or obstructive disorders <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meconium_ileus" class="mw-redirect" title="Meconium ileus">Meconium ileus</a></li> <li>Paralytic <a href="/wiki/Ileus" title="Ileus">ileus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volvulus" title="Volvulus">Volvulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernia" title="Hernia">Hernia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intussusception_(medical_disorder)" title="Intussusception (medical disorder)">Intussusception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhesions" class="mw-redirect" title="Adhesions">Adhesions</a></li> <li>Obstruction from external pressure</li> <li>Obstruction by masses in the lumen (<a href="/wiki/Foreign_body" title="Foreign body">foreign bodies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bezoar" title="Bezoar">bezoar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gallstone" title="Gallstone">gallstones</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infectious_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious diseases">Infectious diseases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giardiasis" title="Giardiasis">Giardiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascariasis" title="Ascariasis">Ascariasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_sprue" title="Tropical sprue">Tropical sprue</a></li> <li>Tapeworm (<i><a href="/wiki/Diphyllobothrium_latum" class="mw-redirect" title="Diphyllobothrium latum">Diphyllobothrium latum</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Taenia_solium" title="Taenia solium">Taenia solium</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hymenolepis_nana" title="Hymenolepis nana">Hymenolepis nana</a></i>)</li> <li>Hookworm (e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/Necator_americanus" title="Necator americanus">Necator americanus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ancylostoma_duodenale" title="Ancylostoma duodenale">Ancylostoma duodenale</a></i>)</li> <li>Nematodes (e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/Ascaris_lumbricoides" title="Ascaris lumbricoides">Ascaris lumbricoides</a></i>)</li> <li>Other Protozoa (e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/Cryptosporidium_parvum" title="Cryptosporidium parvum">Cryptosporidium parvum</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cyclospora" title="Cyclospora">Cyclospora</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Microsporidia" title="Microsporidia">Microsporidia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Entamoeba_histolytica" title="Entamoeba histolytica">Entamoeba histolytica</a></i>)</li> <li>Bacterial infections <ul><li>Enterotoxigenic <i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salmonella_enterica" title="Salmonella enterica">Salmonella enterica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Campylobacter" title="Campylobacter">Campylobacter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shigella" title="Shigella">Shigella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yersinia" title="Yersinia">Yersinia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clostridioides_difficile_infection" title="Clostridioides difficile infection">Clostridioides difficile</a></i> (antibiotic-associated colitis, <i><a href="/wiki/Pseudomembranous_colitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudomembranous colitis">Pseudomembranous colitis</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mycobacterium" title="Mycobacterium">Mycobacterium</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Mycobacterium_avium_paratuberculosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis">Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis</a>, disseminated <i><a href="/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipple%27s_disease" title="Whipple's disease">Whipple's disease</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vibrio" title="Vibrio">Vibrio</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoid">Enteric (typhoid) fever</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Salmonella_enterica" title="Salmonella enterica">Salmonella enterica</a></i> var. typhii) and <a href="/wiki/Paratyphoid_fever" title="Paratyphoid fever">paratyphoid fever</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bacillus_cereus" title="Bacillus cereus">Bacillus cereus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clostridium_perfringens" title="Clostridium perfringens">Clostridium perfringens</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Gas_gangrene" title="Gas gangrene">gas gangrene</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Viral infections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rotavirus" title="Rotavirus">Rotavirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norovirus" title="Norovirus">Norovirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrovirus" title="Astrovirus">Astrovirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Adenovirus">Adenovirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calicivirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Calicivirus">Calicivirus</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasm" title="Neoplasm">Neoplasms</a> (cancers) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adenocarcinoma" title="Adenocarcinoma">Adenocarcinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcinoid" title="Carcinoid">Carcinoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_stromal_tumor" title="Gastrointestinal stromal tumor">Gastrointestinal stromal tumor</a> (GIST)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphoma" title="Lymphoma">Lymphoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcoma" title="Sarcoma">Sarcoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiomyoma" title="Leiomyoma">Leiomyoma</a></li> <li>Metastatic tumors, especially <a href="/wiki/Small_cell_carcinoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Small cell carcinoma">SCLC</a> or <a href="/wiki/Melanoma" title="Melanoma">melanoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_intestine_cancer" title="Small intestine cancer">Small intestine cancer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Developmental, congenital or genetic conditions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intestinal_atresia" title="Intestinal atresia">Duodenal (intestinal) atresia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirschsprung%27s_disease" title="Hirschsprung's disease">Hirschsprung's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meckel%27s_diverticulum" title="Meckel's diverticulum">Meckel's diverticulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyloric_stenosis" title="Pyloric stenosis">Pyloric stenosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreas_divisum" title="Pancreas divisum">Pancreas divisum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectopic_pancreas" title="Ectopic pancreas">Ectopic pancreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enteric_duplication_cyst" title="Enteric duplication cyst">Enteric duplication cyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situs_inversus" title="Situs inversus">Situs inversus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis" title="Cystic fibrosis">Cystic fibrosis</a></li> <li>Malrotation</li> <li>Persistent <a href="/wiki/Urachus" title="Urachus">urachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omphalocele" title="Omphalocele">Omphalocele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastroschisis" title="Gastroschisis">Gastroschisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaccharidase" title="Disaccharidase">Disaccharidase</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lactase" title="Lactase">lactase</a>) deficiencies</li> <li>Primary <a href="/wiki/Bile_acid_malabsorption" title="Bile acid malabsorption">bile acid malabsorption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Gardner syndrome">Gardner syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familial_adenomatous_polyposis" title="Familial adenomatous polyposis">Familial adenomatous polyposis</a> syndrome (FAP)</li></ul></li> <li>Other conditions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease" title="Crohn's disease">Crohn's disease</a>, and the more general <a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_bowel_disease" title="Inflammatory bowel disease">inflammatory bowel disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhlitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhlitis">Typhlitis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neutropenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutropenic">neutropenic</a> <a href="/wiki/Colitis" title="Colitis">colitis</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Immunosuppressed" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunosuppressed">immunosuppressed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coeliac_disease" title="Coeliac disease">Coeliac disease</a> (sprue or non-tropical sprue)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesenteric_ischemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesenteric ischemia">Mesenteric ischemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embolus" title="Embolus">Embolus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Thrombus" title="Thrombus">thrombus</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_artery" title="Superior mesenteric artery">superior mesenteric artery</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_vein" title="Superior mesenteric vein">superior mesenteric vein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arteriovenous_malformation" title="Arteriovenous malformation">Arteriovenous malformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_dumping_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastric dumping syndrome">Gastric dumping syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irritable_bowel_syndrome" title="Irritable bowel syndrome">Irritable bowel syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptic ulcer">Duodenal (peptic) ulcers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_perforation" title="Gastrointestinal perforation">Gastrointestinal perforation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">Hyperthyroidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diverticulitis" title="Diverticulitis">Diverticulitis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiation_enterocolitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiation enterocolitis (page does not exist)">Radiation enterocolitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesenteric_cyst" title="Mesenteric cyst">Mesenteric cysts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peritoneal" class="mw-redirect" title="Peritoneal">Peritoneal</a> Infection</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sclerosing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sclerosing">Sclerosing</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Retroperitonitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retroperitonitis (page does not exist)">retroperitonitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_intestinal_bacterial_overgrowth" title="Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth">Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endometriosis" title="Endometriosis">Endometriosis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_animals">Other animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The small intestine is found in all <a href="/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod">tetrapods</a> and also in <a href="/wiki/Teleost" title="Teleost">teleosts</a>, although its form and length vary enormously between species. In teleosts, it is relatively short, typically around one and a half times the length of the fish's body. It commonly has a number of <i>pyloric caeca</i>, small pouch-like structures along its length that help to increase the overall surface area of the organ for digesting food. There is no ileocaecal valve in teleosts, with the boundary between the small intestine and the <a href="/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum">rectum</a> being marked only by the end of the digestive epithelium.<sup id="cite_ref-VB_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VB-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In tetrapods, the <a href="/wiki/Ileocaecal_valve" class="mw-redirect" title="Ileocaecal valve">ileocaecal valve</a> is always present, opening into the colon. The length of the small intestine is typically longer in tetrapods than in teleosts, but is especially so in <a href="/wiki/Herbivore" title="Herbivore">herbivores</a>, as well as in mammals and <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a>, which have a higher <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolic rate">metabolic rate</a> than <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibians</a> or <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</a>. The lining of the small intestine includes microscopic folds to increase its surface area in all vertebrates, but only in mammals do these develop into true villi.<sup id="cite_ref-VB_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VB-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The boundaries between the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum are somewhat vague even in humans, and such distinctions are either ignored when discussing the anatomy of other animals, or are essentially arbitrary.<sup id="cite_ref-VB_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VB-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is no small intestine as such in non-teleost fish, such as <a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">sharks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sturgeon" title="Sturgeon">sturgeons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lungfish" title="Lungfish">lungfish</a>. Instead, the digestive part of the gut forms a <b>spiral intestine</b>, connecting the stomach to the rectum. In this type of gut, the intestine itself is relatively straight but has a long fold running along the inner surface in a spiral fashion, sometimes for dozens of turns. This valve greatly increases both the surface area and the effective length of the intestine. The lining of the spiral intestine is similar to that of the small intestine in teleosts and non-mammalian tetrapods.<sup id="cite_ref-VB_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VB-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Lamprey" title="Lamprey">lampreys</a>, the spiral valve is extremely small, possibly because their diet requires little digestion. <a href="/wiki/Hagfish" title="Hagfish">Hagfish</a> have no spiral valve at all, with digestion occurring for almost the entire length of the intestine, which is not subdivided into different regions.<sup id="cite_ref-VB_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VB-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">traditional Chinese medicine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Small_intestine_(TCM)" class="mw-redirect" title="Small intestine (TCM)">small intestine</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Yin_and_yang" title="Yin and yang">yang</a> organ.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Small_intestine" class="extiw" title="commons:Small intestine"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Small intestine</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sobo_1906_408.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Small intestine in situ, greater omentum folded upwards."><img alt="Small intestine in situ, greater omentum folded upwards." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sobo_1906_408.png/92px-Sobo_1906_408.png" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sobo_1906_408.png/138px-Sobo_1906_408.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sobo_1906_408.png/184px-Sobo_1906_408.png 2x" data-file-width="2019" data-file-height="2631" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Small intestine <a href="/wiki/In_situ" title="In situ">in situ</a>, greater omentum folded upwards.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tissue_layers_of_the_small_intestine_(mucosa,_submucosa_%26_muscularis).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tissue layers (mucosa, submucosa and muscularis)"><img alt="Tissue layers (mucosa, submucosa and muscularis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Tissue_layers_of_the_small_intestine_%28mucosa%2C_submucosa_%26_muscularis%29.jpg/120px-Tissue_layers_of_the_small_intestine_%28mucosa%2C_submucosa_%26_muscularis%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Tissue_layers_of_the_small_intestine_%28mucosa%2C_submucosa_%26_muscularis%29.jpg/250px-Tissue_layers_of_the_small_intestine_%28mucosa%2C_submucosa_%26_muscularis%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tissue layers (mucosa, submucosa and muscularis)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNosek" class="citation book cs1">Nosek, Thomas M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160324124828/http://humanphysiology.tuars.com/program/section6/6ch2/s6ch2_30.htm">"Section 6/6ch2/s6ch2_30"</a>. <i>Essentials of Human Physiology</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanphysiology.tuars.com/program/section6/6ch2/s6ch2_30.htm">the original</a> on 2016-03-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Section+6%2F6ch2%2Fs6ch2_30&rft.btitle=Essentials+of+Human+Physiology&rft.aulast=Nosek&rft.aufirst=Thomas+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhumanphysiology.tuars.com%2Fprogram%2Fsection6%2F6ch2%2Fs6ch2_30.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/275485/human-body">human body | Britannica.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Di2016-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Di2016_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Di2016_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Di2016_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDiBaiseParrishThompson2016" class="citation book cs1">DiBaise, John K.; Parrish, Carol Rees; Thompson, Jon S. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GBhjDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA31"><i>Short Bowel Syndrome: Practical Approach to Management</i></a>. CRC Press. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781498720809" title="Special:BookSources/9781498720809"><bdi>9781498720809</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Short+Bowel+Syndrome%3A+Practical+Approach+to+Management&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781498720809&rft.aulast=DiBaise&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rft.au=Parrish%2C+Carol+Rees&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Jon+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGBhjDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTortora2014" class="citation book cs1">Tortora, Gerard (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/principlesofanat0000tort/page/913"><i>Principles of Anatomy & Physiology</i></a>. USA: Wiley. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/principlesofanat0000tort/page/913">913</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-34500-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-34500-9"><bdi>978-1-118-34500-9</bdi></a>. <q>..its length is about 3m in a living person and about 6.5m in a cadaver due to loss of smooth muscle tone after death.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Anatomy+%26+Physiology&rft.place=USA&rft.pages=913&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-118-34500-9&rft.aulast=Tortora&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprinciplesofanat0000tort%2Fpage%2F913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStandring2016" class="citation book cs1">Standring, Susan (2016). <i>Gray's Anatomy</i>. UK: Elsevier. p. 1124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-5230-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-5230-9"><bdi>978-0-7020-5230-9</bdi></a>. <q>..and has a mean length of 5 metres (3 - 8.5 metres) when measured intraoperatively in the living adult (Tietelbaum et al 2013).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+Anatomy&rft.place=UK&rft.pages=1124&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-7020-5230-9&rft.aulast=Standring&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JacobsRozenblit2007-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JacobsRozenblit2007_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacobsRozenblitRicciRoberts2007" class="citation journal cs1">Jacobs, S.L.; Rozenblit, A.; Ricci, Z.; Roberts, J.; Milikow, D.; Chernyak, V.; Wolf, E. (2007). 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"The human gastrointestinal tract-specific transcriptome and proteome as defined by RNA sequencing and antibody-based profiling". <i>Journal of Gastroenterology</i>. <b>50</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">46–</span>57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00535-014-0958-7">10.1007/s00535-014-0958-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0944-1174">0944-1174</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24789573">24789573</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21302849">21302849</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Gastroenterology&rft.atitle=The+human+gastrointestinal+tract-specific+transcriptome+and+proteome+as+defined+by+RNA+sequencing+and+antibody-based+profiling&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E46-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.issn=0944-1174&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A21302849%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24789573&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00535-014-0958-7&rft.aulast=Gremel&rft.aufirst=Gabriela&rft.au=Wanders%2C+Alkwin&rft.au=Cedernaes%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Fagerberg%2C+Linn&rft.au=Hallstr%C3%B6m%2C+Bj%C3%B6rn&rft.au=Edlund%2C+Karolina&rft.au=Sj%C3%B6stedt%2C+Evelina&rft.au=Uhl%C3%A9n%2C+Mathias&rft.au=Pont%C3%A9n%2C+Fredrik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARSENS2009-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LARSENS2009_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LARSENS2009_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchoenwolfBleylBrauerFrancis-West2009" class="citation book cs1">Schoenwolf, Gary C.; Bleyl, Steven B.; Brauer, Philip R.; Francis-West, Philippa H. 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Peptide absorption in man"</a>. <i>Gut</i>. <b>15</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">494–</span>501. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fgut.15.6.494">10.1136/gut.15.6.494</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1413009">1413009</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4604970">4604970</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gut&rft.atitle=Progress+report.+Peptide+absorption+in+man&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E494-%3C%2Fspan%3E501&rft.date=1974&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1413009%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4604970&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fgut.15.6.494&rft.au=Silk+DB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1413009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181016130005/https://www.massgeneral.org/about/pressrelease.aspx?id=1533">"Intestinal immune cells play an unexpected role in immune surveillance of the bloodstream"</a>. Massachusetts General Hospital. 13 December 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.massgeneral.org/about/pressrelease.aspx?id=1533">the original</a> on 16 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intestinal+immune+cells+play+an+unexpected+role+in+immune+surveillance+of+the+bloodstream&rft.pub=Massachusetts+General+Hospital&rft.date=2012-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.massgeneral.org%2Fabout%2Fpressrelease.aspx%3Fid%3D1533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCannyMcCormick2008" class="citation journal cs1">Canny, G. O.; McCormick, B. A. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2493210">"Bacteria in the Intestine, Helpful Residents or Enemies from Within?"</a>. <i>Infection and Immunity</i>. <b>76</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">3360–</span>3373. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.596.7265">10.1.1.596.7265</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FIAI.00187-08">10.1128/IAI.00187-08</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0019-9567">0019-9567</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2493210">2493210</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18474643">18474643</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Bacteria+in+the+Intestine%2C+Helpful+Residents+or+Enemies+from+Within%3F&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3360-%3C%2Fspan%3E3373&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2493210%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FIAI.00187-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.596.7265%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18474643&rft.issn=0019-9567&rft.aulast=Canny&rft.aufirst=G.+O.&rft.au=McCormick%2C+B.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2493210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VB-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VB_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VB_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VB_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VB_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VB_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRomer,_Alfred_SherwoodParsons,_Thomas_S.1977" class="citation book cs1">Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). <i>The Vertebrate Body</i>. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. <span class="nowrap">349–</span>353. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-03-910284-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-03-910284-5"><bdi>978-0-03-910284-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vertebrate+Body&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E349-%3C%2Fspan%3E353&rft.pub=Holt-Saunders+International&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-03-910284-5&rft.au=Romer%2C+Alfred+Sherwood&rft.au=Parsons%2C+Thomas+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPorter_[ed.]1997" class="citation book cs1">Porter [ed.], Roy (1997). <i>Medicine : a history of healing</i>. [S.l.]: Diane Pub Co. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780756751432" title="Special:BookSources/9780756751432"><bdi>9780756751432</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medicine+%3A+a+history+of+healing&rft.place=%5BS.l.%5D&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Diane+Pub+Co&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780756751432&rft.aulast=Porter+%5Bed.%5D&rft.aufirst=Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last1=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSherwood2006" class="citation book cs1">Sherwood, Lauralee (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GoMD0tpYgBkC"><i>Fundamentals of physiology: a human perspective</i></a> (Third ed.). Florence, KY: Cengage Learning. p. 768. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-534-46697-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-534-46697-8"><bdi>978-0-534-46697-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+physiology%3A+a+human+perspective&rft.place=Florence%2C+KY&rft.pages=768&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-534-46697-8&rft.aulast=Sherwood&rft.aufirst=Lauralee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGoMD0tpYgBkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Solomon et al. (2002) Biology Sixth Edition, Brooks-Cole/Thomson Learning <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-03-033503-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-03-033503-5">0-03-033503-5</a></li> <li>Townsend et al. (2004) Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, Elsevier <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7216-0409-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7216-0409-9">0-7216-0409-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomsonDrozdowskiIordacheThomson2003" class="citation journal cs1">Thomson A, Drozdowski L, Iordache C, Thomson B, Vermeire S, Clandinin M, Wild G (2003). "Small bowel review: Normal physiology, part 1". <i>Dig Dis Sci</i>. <b>48</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">1546–</span>64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1024719925058">10.1023/A:1024719925058</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12924651">12924651</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37494914">37494914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dig+Dis+Sci&rft.atitle=Small+bowel+review%3A+Normal+physiology%2C+part+1.&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1546-%3C%2Fspan%3E64&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A37494914%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12924651&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1024719925058&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Drozdowski%2C+L&rft.au=Iordache%2C+C&rft.au=Thomson%2C+B&rft.au=Vermeire%2C+S&rft.au=Clandinin%2C+M&rft.au=Wild%2C+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomsonDrozdowskiIordacheThomson2003" class="citation journal cs1">Thomson A, Drozdowski L, Iordache C, Thomson B, Vermeire S, Clandinin M, Wild G (2003). "Small bowel review: Normal physiology, part 2". <i>Dig Dis Sci</i>. <b>48</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">1565–</span>81. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1024724109128">10.1023/A:1024724109128</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12924652">12924652</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42442830">42442830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dig+Dis+Sci&rft.atitle=Small+bowel+review%3A+Normal+physiology%2C+part+2.&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1565-%3C%2Fspan%3E81&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A42442830%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12924652&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1024724109128&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Drozdowski%2C+L&rft.au=Iordache%2C+C&rft.au=Thomson%2C+B&rft.au=Vermeire%2C+S&rft.au=Clandinin%2C+M&rft.au=Wild%2C+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall+intestine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_intestine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proteinatlas.org/humanproteome/small+intestine">Small intestine</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proteinatlas.org">Human Protein Atlas</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anatomy_of_the_gastrointestinal_tract,_excluding_the_mouth230" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Template:Gastrointestinal tract"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Template talk:Gastrointestinal tract"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gastrointestinal tract"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anatomy_of_the_gastrointestinal_tract,_excluding_the_mouth230" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Anatomy of the <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</a>, excluding the <a href="/wiki/Human_mouth" title="Human mouth">mouth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract#Upper_gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">Upper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pharynx" title="Pharynx">Pharynx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_muscles" title="Pharyngeal muscles">Muscles</a></li> <li>Spaces <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peripharyngeal_space" title="Peripharyngeal space">peripharyngeal </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retropharyngeal_space" title="Retropharyngeal space">retropharyngeal </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapharyngeal_space" title="Parapharyngeal space">parapharyngeal </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrovisceral_space" title="Retrovisceral space">retrovisceral </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danger_space" title="Danger space">danger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevertebral_space" title="Prevertebral space">prevertebral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterygomandibular_raphe" title="Pterygomandibular raphe">Pterygomandibular raphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_raphe" title="Pharyngeal raphe">Pharyngeal raphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccopharyngeal_fascia" title="Buccopharyngeal fascia">Buccopharyngeal fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngobasilar_fascia" title="Pharyngobasilar fascia">Pharyngobasilar fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyriform_sinus" title="Pyriform sinus">Pyriform sinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">Esophagus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sphincters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esophagus#Sphincters" title="Esophagus">upper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophagus#Sphincters" title="Esophagus">lower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_gland" title="Esophageal gland">glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_(anatomy)" title="Crop (anatomy)">crop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">Stomach</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Curvatures <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curvatures_of_the_stomach#Greater_curvature" title="Curvatures of the stomach">greater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curvatures_of_the_stomach#Lesser_curvature" title="Curvatures of the stomach">lesser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angular_incisure" title="Angular incisure">Angular incisure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomach#Sections" title="Stomach">Cardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomach#Structure" title="Stomach">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomach#Structure" title="Stomach">Fundus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pylorus" title="Pylorus">Pylorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_mucosa" title="Gastric mucosa">Gastric mucosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_folds" title="Gastric folds">Gastric folds</a></li> <li>Microanatomy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_pits" title="Gastric pits">Gastric pits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_glands" title="Gastric glands">Gastric glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac glands">Cardiac glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundic_glands" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundic glands">Fundic glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pylorus#Histology" title="Pylorus">Pyloric glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foveolar_cell" title="Foveolar cell">Foveolar cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parietal_cell" title="Parietal cell">Parietal cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_chief_cell" title="Gastric chief cell">Gastric chief cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterochromaffin-like_cell" title="Enterochromaffin-like cell">Enterochromaffin-like cells</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract#Lower_gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">Lower</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Small intestine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microanatomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intestinal_villus" title="Intestinal villus">Intestinal villi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microvillus" title="Microvillus">Microvilli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intestinal_gland" title="Intestinal gland">Intestinal glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterocyte" title="Enterocyte">Enterocytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enteroendocrine_cell" title="Enteroendocrine cell">Enteroendocrine cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goblet_cell" title="Goblet cell">Goblet cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneth_cell" title="Paneth cell">Paneth cells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">Duodenum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suspensory_muscle_of_duodenum" title="Suspensory muscle of duodenum">Suspensory muscle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_duodenal_papilla" title="Major duodenal papilla">Major duodenal papilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_duodenal_papilla" title="Minor duodenal papilla">Minor duodenal papilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duodenojejunal_flexure" title="Duodenojejunal flexure">Duodenojejunal flexure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunner%27s_glands" title="Brunner's glands">Brunner's glands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">Jejunum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>No substructures</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">Ileum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ileocecal_valve" title="Ileocecal valve">Ileocecal valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyer%27s_patch" title="Peyer's patch">Peyer's patches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microfold_cell" title="Microfold cell">Microfold cells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">Large intestine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cecum" title="Cecum">Cecum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appendix_(anatomy)" title="Appendix (anatomy)">Appendix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Large_intestine#Structure" title="Large intestine">Colon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascending_colon" title="Ascending colon">Ascending colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_flexure" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepatic flexure">Hepatic flexure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_colon" title="Transverse colon">Transverse colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splenic_flexure" class="mw-redirect" title="Splenic flexure">Splenic flexure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descending_colon" title="Descending colon">Descending colon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmoid_colon" title="Sigmoid colon">Sigmoid colon</a></li> <li>Continuous <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taenia_coli" title="Taenia coli">taenia coli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haustrum_(anatomy)" title="Haustrum (anatomy)">haustra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiploic_appendix" title="Epiploic appendix">epiploic appendix</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum">Rectum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_folds_of_rectum" title="Transverse folds of rectum">Transverse folds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectal_ampulla" class="mw-redirect" title="Rectal ampulla">Ampulla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anal_canal" title="Anal canal">Anal canal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_anus" title="Human anus">Anus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_columns" title="Anal columns">Anal columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_valves" title="Anal valves">Anal valves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_sinuses" title="Anal sinuses">Anal sinuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectinate_line" title="Pectinate line">Pectinate line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_anal_sphincter" title="Internal anal sphincter">Internal anal sphincter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersphincteric_groove" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersphincteric groove">Intersphincteric groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_anal_sphincter" title="External anal sphincter">External anal sphincter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_wall" title="Gastrointestinal wall">Wall</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serous_membrane" title="Serous membrane">Serosa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adventitia" title="Adventitia">Adventitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subserosa" title="Subserosa">Subserosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscular_layer" title="Muscular layer">Muscular layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submucosa" title="Submucosa">Submucosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_folds" title="Circular folds">Circular folds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucous_membrane" title="Mucous membrane">Mucosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscularis_mucosae" title="Muscularis mucosae">Muscularis mucosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medicine685" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Medicine" title="Template:Medicine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medicine" title="Template talk:Medicine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medicine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medicine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medicine685" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialties</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/Subspecialty" title="Subspecialty">subspecialties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">Surgery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_surgery" title="Cardiac surgery">Cardiac surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiothoracic_surgery" title="Cardiothoracic surgery">Cardiothoracic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocrine_surgery" title="Endocrine surgery">Endocrine surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_surgery" title="Eye surgery">Eye surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_surgery" title="General surgery">General surgery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorectal_surgery" title="Colorectal surgery">Colorectal surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digestive_system_surgery" title="Digestive system surgery">Digestive system surgery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurosurgery" title="Neurosurgery">Neurosurgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_and_maxillofacial_surgery" title="Oral and maxillofacial surgery">Oral and maxillofacial surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopedic_surgery" title="Orthopedic surgery">Orthopedic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_surgery" title="Hand surgery">Hand surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otorhinolaryngology" title="Otorhinolaryngology">Otolaryngology</a> <ul><li><small>ENT</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatric_surgery" title="Pediatric surgery">Pediatric surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_surgery" title="Plastic surgery">Plastic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_surgery" title="Reproductive surgery">Reproductive surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgical_oncology" title="Surgical oncology">Surgical oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation" title="Organ transplantation">Transplant surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trauma_surgery" title="Trauma surgery">Trauma surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_surgery" title="Vascular surgery">Vascular surgery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internal_medicine" title="Internal medicine">Internal<br />medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allergy" title="Allergy">Allergy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Immunology" title="Immunology">Immunology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiology" title="Angiology">Angiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiology" title="Cardiology">Cardiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">Endocrinology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastroenterology" title="Gastroenterology">Gastroenterology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepatology" title="Hepatology">Hepatology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geriatrics" title="Geriatrics">Geriatrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematology" title="Hematology">Hematology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_medicine" title="Hospital medicine">Hospital medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infectious_diseases_(medical_specialty)" title="Infectious diseases (medical specialty)">Infectious diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephrology" title="Nephrology">Nephrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncology" title="Oncology">Oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonology" title="Pulmonology">Pulmonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheumatology" title="Rheumatology">Rheumatology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Obstetrics_and_gynaecology" title="Obstetrics and gynaecology">Obstetrics and<br />gynaecology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gynaecology" title="Gynaecology">Gynaecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynecologic_oncology" title="Gynecologic oncology">Gynecologic oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal%E2%80%93fetal_medicine" title="Maternal–fetal medicine">Maternal–fetal medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetrics" title="Obstetrics">Obstetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_endocrinology_and_infertility" title="Reproductive endocrinology and infertility">Reproductive endocrinology and infertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urogynecology" title="Urogynecology">Urogynecology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">Diagnostic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiology" title="Radiology">Radiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interventional_radiology" title="Interventional radiology">Interventional radiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroradiology" title="Neuroradiology">Neuroradiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">Nuclear medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">Pathology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_pathology" title="Anatomical pathology">Anatomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_pathology" title="Clinical pathology">Clinical pathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_chemistry" title="Clinical chemistry">Clinical chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytopathology" title="Cytopathology">Cytopathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_microbiology" title="Medical microbiology">Medical microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfusion_medicine" title="Transfusion medicine">Transfusion medicine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_medicine" title="Addiction medicine">Addiction medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolescent_medicine" title="Adolescent medicine">Adolescent medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">Anesthesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obstetric_anesthesiology" title="Obstetric anesthesiology">Obstetric anesthesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurosurgical_anesthesia" title="Neurosurgical anesthesia">Neurosurgical anesthesiology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_medicine" title="Aviation medicine">Aviation medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatology" title="Dermatology">Dermatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_medicine" title="Disaster medicine">Disaster medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_medicine" title="Diving medicine">Diving medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medicine" title="Emergency medicine">Emergency medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_gathering_medicine" title="Mass gathering medicine">Mass gathering medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_medicine" title="Evolutionary medicine">Evolutionary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_medicine" title="Family medicine">Family medicine</a> / <a href="/wiki/General_practice" title="General practice">General practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_medicine" title="Hospital medicine">Hospital medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_medicine" title="Intensive care medicine">Intensive care medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_genetics" title="Medical genetics">Medical genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcology" title="Narcology">Narcology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">Neurology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_neurophysiology" title="Clinical neurophysiology">Clinical neurophysiology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_medicine" title="Occupational medicine">Occupational medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_medicine" title="Oral medicine">Oral medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_management" title="Pain management">Pain management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palliative_care" title="Palliative care">Palliative care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neonatology" title="Neonatology">Neonatology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlebologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Phlebologist">Phlebology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_medicine_and_rehabilitation" title="Physical medicine and rehabilitation">Physical medicine and rehabilitation</a> (PM&R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">Preventive medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_healthcare" title="Prison healthcare">Prison healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_psychiatry" title="Addiction psychiatry">Addiction psychiatry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">Radiation oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_medicine" title="Reproductive medicine">Reproductive medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_medicine" title="Sexual medicine">Sexual medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venereology" title="Venereology">Venereology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_medicine" title="Sleep medicine">Sleep medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_medicine" title="Sports medicine">Sports medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation" title="Organ transplantation">Transplantation medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_medicine" title="Tropical medicine">Tropical medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Travel_medicine" title="Travel medicine">Travel medicine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_education" title="Medical education">Medical<br />education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">Medical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery" title="Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery">Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Bachelor of Medical Sciences">Bachelor of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Medicine" title="Master of Medicine">Master of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Surgery" title="Master of Surgery">Master of Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Doctor of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine">Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MD%E2%80%93PhD" title="MD–PhD">MD–PhD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Scientist_Training_Program" title="Medical Scientist Training Program">Medical Scientist Training Program</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_health_professions" title="Allied health professions">Allied health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_oncology" title="Molecular oncology">Molecular oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanomedicine" title="Nanomedicine">Nanomedicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalized_medicine" title="Personalized medicine">Personalized medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_health" title="Rural health">Rural health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapy" title="Therapy">Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">Veterinary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">Physician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_physician" title="Chief physician">Chief physician</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Medicine" title="Category:Medicine">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Medicine" class="extiw" title="commons:Medicine">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine">Wikiproject</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/20px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/40px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_medicine" title="Outline of medicine">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11090#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1702" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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