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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="목차" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">양자 스핀 액체</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 8개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADquid_d%27esp%C3%ADn_qu%C3%A0ntic" title="Líquid d'espín quàntic – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Líquid d'espín quàntic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantenspinfl%C3%BCssigkeit" title="Quantenspinflüssigkeit – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quantenspinflüssigkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_spin_liquid" title="Quantum spin liquid – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Quantum spin liquid" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADquido_de_spin_cu%C3%A1ntico" title="Líquido de spin cuántico – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Líquido de spin cuántico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquido_di_spin_quantistico" title="Liquido di spin quantistico – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Liquido di spin quantistico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E3%82%B9%E3%83%94%E3%83%B3%E6%B6%B2%E4%BD%93" title="量子スピン液体 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="量子スピン液体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Спиновая жидкость – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спиновая жидкость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Квантова спінова рідина – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Квантова спінова рідина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">도구</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="더 많은 옵션" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 동작 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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href="/wiki/%EC%9D%91%EC%A7%91%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="응집물질물리학">응집물질물리학</a>에서 <b>양자 스핀 액체</b>(<span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">Quantum spin liquid</span>)는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9#물리학" title="상호작용">상호작용</a>하는 양자 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="스핀 (물리학)">스핀</a>으로 이루어진 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="계 (물리학)">계</a>에서 일어날 수 있는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88%EC%9D%98_%EC%83%81%ED%83%9C" title="물질의 상태">물질의 상태</a>이다. <i>액체</i>라 불리는 이유는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%9E%90%EC%84%B1" title="강자성">강자성</a> 스핀 상태에 비해 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%88%EC%84%9C%EC%99%80_%EB%AC%B4%EC%A7%88%EC%84%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="질서와 무질서 (없는 문서)">무질서</a> 상태이기 때문이며,<sup id="cite_ref-io9_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-io9-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이는 액체인 물이 결정성의 얼음에 비해 무질서 상태라는 것과 같다. 하지만 다른 무질서 상태와는 달리 양자 스핀 액체 상태는 매우 낮은 온도에도 무질서 상태를 유지한다.<sup id="cite_ref-balents10_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balents10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>양자 스핀 액체 상태는 1973년 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%84%EB%A6%BD_%EC%9B%8C%EB%9F%B0_%EC%95%A4%EB%8D%94%EC%8A%A8" title="필립 워런 앤더슨">필립 앤더슨</a>에 의해 제안되었다. 그가 제시했던 해는 2차원 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A1%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%95%EA%B3%84" title="육방정계">육방정계</a> 배열의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EA%B0%95%EC%9E%90%EC%84%B1" title="반강자성">반강자성</a> 스핀 계의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%8B%A5_%EC%83%81%ED%83%9C" title="바닥 상태">바닥 상태</a>였다.<sup id="cite_ref-anderson73_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anderson73-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 양자 스핀 액체는 이후 1987년에 앤더슨이 무질서 스핀 액체로 기술하는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%98%A8_%EC%B4%88%EC%A0%84%EB%8F%84%EC%B2%B4" title="고온 초전도체">고온 초전도체</a> 이론을 제안하면서 더 관심을 끌게 되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-mit-3-2011_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mit-3-2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-anderson87_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anderson87-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>최초의 양자 스핀 액체는 2000년 콜디아 그룹이 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A1%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%95%EA%B3%84" title="육방정계">육방정계</a> 형태의 Cs<sub>2</sub>CuCl<sub>4</sub>에서 발견하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-coldea2000_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coldea2000-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이후 2003년 카노다 그룹이 유기 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%ED%8A%B8_%EC%A0%88%EC%97%B0%EC%B2%B4" title="모트 절연체">모트 절연체</a> κ-(BEDT-TTF)<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>(CN)<sub>3</sub>에서도 발견하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-shimizu03_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shimizu03-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이는 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%BC%EB%85%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="스피논 (없는 문서)">스피논</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%AF%B8_%EB%A9%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="페르미 면 (없는 문서)">페르미 면</a>을 가진 에너지 <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%A0%ED%8B%88" title="띠틈">틈</a> 없는 스핀 액체(이른바 균등 RVB 상태)에 해당할 수 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-anderson73_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anderson73-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이 스핀 액체 화합물의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%8F%89%ED%98%95_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%BC" title="상평형 그림">상평형 그림</a>은 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AE%A4%EC%98%A8_%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80_%EB%B6%84%EA%B4%91%EB%B2%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="뮤온 스핀 분광법 (없는 문서)">뮤온 스핀 분광법</a>을 이용해 최초로 도출되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이후 두 번째로 2006년 영 리 그룹이 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%97%88%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8%EC%8A%A4%EB%AF%B8%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="허버트스미사이트 (없는 문서)">허버트스미사이트</a> ZnCu<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>에서 발견하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U(1)-디랙 스핀 액체로 나타날 가능성이 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>양자 스핀 액체의 또다른 증거는 2015년 8월, 2차원 물질에서 발견되었다. 미국 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80_%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%86%8C" title="오크리지 국립연구소">오크리지 국립연구소</a>의 연구진은 영국 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EC%9E%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="케임브리지 대학교">케임브리지 대학교</a>, 독일 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%89%EC%8A%A4_%ED%94%8C%EB%9E%91%ED%81%AC_%EB%B3%B5%EC%9E%A1%EA%B3%84_%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99_%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%86%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="막스 플랑크 복잡계 물리학 연구소 (없는 문서)">막스 플랑크 복잡계 물리학 연구소</a>와 공동 연구를 통해 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%98%ED%95%80" title="그래핀">그래핀</a>과 유사한 구조를 가진 2차원 물질로부터 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9A%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%82%98_%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%BC%EB%84%88" title="마요라나 스피너">마요라나 페르미온</a>이라 불리는 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B6%84%EC%88%98_%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="분수 입자 (없는 문서)">분수 입자</a>의 첫 신호를 관측하였다. 이 실험의 결과는 현재 알려진 양자 스핀 액체의 주요 모형 중에서 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%82%A4%ED%83%80%EC%98%88%ED%94%84_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="키타예프 모형 (없는 문서)">키타예프 모형</a>에 들어맞는 것으로 나타났다.<sup id="cite_ref-phys-spin-liquid-apr16_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phys-spin-liquid-apr16-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-namt4604_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-namt4604-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90_%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80_%EC%95%A1%EC%B2%B4&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-io9-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-io9_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Alasdair Wilkins (2011년 8월 15일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://io9.com/5831111/a-strange-new-quantum-state-of-matter-spin-liquids">“A Strange New Quantum State of Matter: Spin Liquids”</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/Io9" title="Io9">io9</a>》 (영어)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2012년 12월 23일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=io9&rft.atitle=A+Strange+New+Quantum+State+of+Matter%3A+Spin+Liquids&rft.date=2011-08-15&rft.au=Alasdair+Wilkins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fio9.com%2F5831111%2Fa-strange-new-quantum-state-of-matter-spin-liquids&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90+%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80+%EC%95%A1%EC%B2%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36482206">.mw-parser-output .fix{background-color:#fff9f9;color:DarkSlateGray;border:1px solid #ffdcdc}</style><sup class="정리_필요 noprint">[<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EA%B9%A8%EC%A7%84_%EB%A7%81%ED%81%AC" title="위키백과:깨진 링크">깨진 링크</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://io9.com/5831111/a-strange-new-quantum-state-of-matter-spin-liquids">과거 내용 찾기</a>)]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-balents10-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-balents10_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Leon Balents (2010년 3월 11일). “<span lang="en">Spin liquids in frustrated magnets</span>”. 《<span lang="en">Nature</span>》 (영어) <b>464</b> (7286): 199–208. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Natur.464..199B">2010Natur.464..199B</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature08917">10.1038/nature08917</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20220838">20220838</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22en%22%3ENature%3C%2Fspan%3E%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90+%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80+%EC%95%A1%EC%B2%B4&rft.atitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22en%22%3ESpin+liquids+in+frustrated+magnets%3C%2Fspan%3E%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90+%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80+%EC%95%A1%EC%B2%B4&rft.volume=464&rft.issue=7286&rft.pages=199-208&rft.date=2010-03-11&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20220838&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature08917&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010Natur.464..199B&rft.au=Leon+Balents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90+%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80+%EC%95%A1%EC%B2%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anderson73-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-anderson73_3-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-anderson73_3-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">P. W. Anderson (1973). “Resonating valence bonds: A new kind of insulator?”. 《Mater. Res. Bull.》 (영어) <b>8</b> (2): 153–160. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0025-5408%2873%2990167-0">10.1016/0025-5408(73)90167-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mater.+Res.+Bull.&rft.atitle=Resonating+valence+bonds%3A+A+new+kind+of+insulator%3F&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=153-160&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0025-5408%2873%2990167-0&rft.au=P.+W.+Anderson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90+%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80+%EC%95%A1%EC%B2%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mit-3-2011-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mit-3-2011_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Trafton, Anne (2011년 3월 28일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2011/quantum-spin-liquid-0329.html">“A new spin on superconductivity?”</a>. 《MIT News》<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2012년 12월 24일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MIT+News&rft.atitle=A+new+spin+on+superconductivity%3F&rft.date=2011-03-28&rft.aulast=Trafton&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Fnewsoffice%2F2011%2Fquantum-spin-liquid-0329.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90+%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80+%EC%95%A1%EC%B2%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anderson87-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-anderson87_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">P. W. Anderson (1987). “The resonating valence bond state in La<sub>2</sub>CuO<sub>4</sub> and superconductivity”. 《Science》 (영어) <b>235</b> (4793): 1196–1198. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987Sci...235.1196A">1987Sci...235.1196A</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.235.4793.1196">10.1126/science.235.4793.1196</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17818979">17818979</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+resonating+valence+bond+state+in+La%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3ECuO%3Csub%3E4%3C%2Fsub%3E+and+superconductivity&rft.volume=235&rft.issue=4793&rft.pages=1196-1198&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17818979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.235.4793.1196&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1987Sci...235.1196A&rft.au=P.+W.+Anderson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90+%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80+%EC%95%A1%EC%B2%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coldea2000-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-coldea2000_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Coldea, R.; Tennant, D.A.; Tsvelik, A.M.; Tylczynski, Z. (2001년 2월 12일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.1335">“Experimental realization of a 2D fractional quantum spin liquid”</a>. 《Phys. Rev. Lett.》 (영어) <b>86</b> (7): 1335–1338. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0007172">cond-mat/0007172</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.86.1335">10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.1335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phys.+Rev.+Lett.&rft.atitle=Experimental+realization+of+a+2D+fractional+quantum+spin+liquid&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1335-1338&rft.date=2001-02-12&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fcond-mat%2F0007172&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.86.1335&rft.aulast=Coldea&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Tennant%2C+D.A.&rft.au=Tsvelik%2C+A.M.&rft.au=Tylczynski%2C+Z.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.aps.org%2Fprl%2Fabstract%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.86.1335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90+%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80+%EC%95%A1%EC%B2%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> 전인쇄본은 2000년도에 업로드되었음.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shimizu03-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-shimizu03_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Y. Shimizu; K. Miyagawa; K. Kanoda; M. Maesato; 외. (2003). “Spin Liquid State in an Organic Mott Insulator with a Triangular Lattice”. 《Phys. Rev. Lett.》 (영어) <b>91</b> (10): 107001. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0307483">cond-mat/0307483</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhRvL..91j7001S">2003PhRvL..91j7001S</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.91.107001">10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.107001</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14525498">14525498</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phys.+Rev.+Lett.&rft.atitle=Spin+Liquid+State+in+an+Organic+Mott+Insulator+with+a+Triangular+Lattice&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=107001&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fcond-mat%2F0307483&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14525498&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.91.107001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003PhRvL..91j7001S&rft.au=Y.+Shimizu&rft.au=K.+Miyagawa&rft.au=K.+Kanoda&rft.au=M.+Maesato&rft.au=G.+Saito&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90+%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80+%EC%95%A1%EC%B2%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Pratt, F. L.; Baker, P. J.; Blundell, S. J.; Lancaster, T.; 외. (2011). “Magnetic and non-magnetic phases of a quantum spin liquid”. 《Nature》 (영어) <b>471</b> (7340): 612–616. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Natur.471..612P">2011Natur.471..612P</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature09910">10.1038/nature09910</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21455176">21455176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Magnetic+and+non-magnetic+phases+of+a+quantum+spin+liquid&rft.volume=471&rft.issue=7340&rft.pages=612-616&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21455176&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature09910&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011Natur.471..612P&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.aufirst=F.+L.&rft.au=Baker%2C+P.+J.&rft.au=Blundell%2C+S.+J.&rft.au=Lancaster%2C+T.&rft.au=Ohira-Kawamura%2C+S.&rft.au=Baines%2C+C.&rft.au=Shimizu%2C+Y.&rft.au=Kanoda%2C+K.&rft.au=Watanabe%2C+I.&rft.au=Saito%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90+%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80+%EC%95%A1%EC%B2%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J.S. Helton, K. Matan, M.P. Shores, E.A. Nytko, B.M. Bartlett, Y. Yoshida, Y. Takano, A. Suslov, Y. Qiu, J.-H. Chung, D.G. Nocera, Y.S. Lee, (2006), "Spin Dynamics of the Spin-1/2 Kagome Lattice Antiferromagnet ZnCu_3(OH)_6Cl_2", <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0610539">https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0610539</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ying Ran, Michael Hermele, Patrick A. Lee, Xiao-Gang Wen, (2006), "Projected wavefunction study of Spin-1/2 Heisenberg model on the Kagome lattice", <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0611414">https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0611414</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-phys-spin-liquid-apr16-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-phys-spin-liquid-apr16_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phys.org/news/2016-04-state-two-dimensional-material.html">“New state of matter detected in a two-dimensional material”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2016년 4월 5일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+state+of+matter+detected+in+a+two-dimensional+material&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2016-04-state-two-dimensional-material.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90+%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80+%EC%95%A1%EC%B2%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-namt4604-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-namt4604_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nmat/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nmat4604.html">“Proximate Kitaev quantum spin liquid behaviour in a honeycomb magnet”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2016년 4월 5일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proximate+Kitaev+quantum+spin+liquid+behaviour+in+a+honeycomb+magnet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnmat%2Fjournal%2Fvaop%2Fncurrent%2Ffull%2Fnmat4604.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90+%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80+%EC%95%A1%EC%B2%B4" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">원본 주소 "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=양자_스핀_액체&oldid=38211685">https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=양자_스핀_액체&oldid=38211685</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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