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1982</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Unclos 1982"> <meta name="keywords" content="Unclos 1982"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Unclos 1982"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 67</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Unclos 1982</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Implementation of Unclos 1982 on Capture Fisheries in the Case of Illegal Fishing in the Waters of Indonesia’s Exclusive Economic Zone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habson%20Batubara">Habson Batubara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patawari"> Patawari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Mery"> Lisa Mery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Syaichuddin"> Mohammad Syaichuddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sitti%20Faridah"> Sitti Faridah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamzah"> Hamzah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akmal"> Akmal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Gafur"> Abdul Gafur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Sudrajad"> Iman Sudrajad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lideman"> Lideman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuani%20Mundaya"> Yuani Mundaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamaruddin"> Kamaruddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muslimin"> Muslimin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herlina%20Jompa"> Herlina Jompa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joula%20Sondack"> Joula Sondack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nani%20Undap"> Nani Undap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suciati"> Suciati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisa%20Winanda"> Elisa Winanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arfandi%20Amin"> Arfandi Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suciati"> Suciati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to determine the status of the law, legislation, and its implementation against Foreign Nationals (WNA) Illegal Fishing Business Actors in the waters of the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), based on the Indonesian Positive Law and UNCLOS 1982. The research method used is normative juridical with a qualitative approach to study the Fisheries Criminal Verdict (Tipikan) and the Bitung District Court / Fisheries SIPP from 2019 to 2020. The results showed that cases of Illegal Fishing by Foreign Nationals (WNA) in the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) were examined, tried, and decided in accordance with the fisheries law, criminal sanctions were not in accordance with and contrary to Indonesian positive law, both criminal law and fisheries law, but followed and were in line with UNCLOS Year 1982. Legal status and responsibility are only imposed on the master as the leader on board the ship as the representative of the ship owner/company. Meanwhile, the application of Indonesia's positive law to Unclos in 1982 was only in the form of fines and confiscation of evidence as an effort to seek compensation for illegal fishing activities in the waters of the Indonesian Exclusive Zone (EEZ). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEZ" title="EEZ">EEZ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illegal%20fishing" title=" illegal fishing"> illegal fishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WNA" title=" WNA"> WNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20law" title=" positive law"> positive law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Unclos%201982" title=" Unclos 1982"> Unclos 1982</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184501/implementation-of-unclos-1982-on-capture-fisheries-in-the-case-of-illegal-fishing-in-the-waters-of-indonesias-exclusive-economic-zone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> International Dispute Settlements According to the Law of the Sea: Coastal States vs. Maritime Conflicts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ermal%20Xhelilaj">Ermal Xhelilaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> International practice has revealed that many maritime conflicts have been initiated as a direct result of coastal states’ disagreements over maritime boundaries and other related maritime issues. These disagreements embrace relevant problematic matters reflecting international conflicts, which in order to prevent further escalation into international crises or even armed conflicts have to be legally resolved. The most challenging cases in international system involve regional or bilateral disputes regarding maritime boundaries delimitations between states, which may result in the activation of respective armed forces, considered crucial elements for the protection of territorial sovereignty. Taken under considerations the legal issues that Law of the Sea Convention (1982) reflects, including the legal provisions over disputes settlements, the importance of analyzing this paramount issue might be considered relevant at present. Therefore, this study will be focused in discussing legal and practical issues that concern the resolution of international maritime disputes seen from international relations point of view, by initially analyzing UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 1982) relevant legal provisions, further discussing several notable cases over maritime boundaries delimitations as well as concluding with some recommendations related to this issue. The author is of the opinion that although the boundaries delimitation’s legal regime of UNCLOS reflects important standards for dispute settlements, yet considering the complex situation that represents this issue, relevant amendments might be necessary to be undertaken by international maritime organizations in order to further clarify the aforementioned legal matter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Law%20of%20the%20Sea" title="Law of the Sea">Law of the Sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20conflicts" title=" maritime conflicts"> maritime conflicts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispute%20settlements" title=" dispute settlements"> dispute settlements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20relations" title=" international relations"> international relations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98150/international-dispute-settlements-according-to-the-law-of-the-sea-coastal-states-vs-maritime-conflicts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Seismicity and Source Parameter of Some Events in Abu Dabbab Area, Red Sea Coast</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Mohamed%20Haggag">Hamed Mohamed Haggag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Prior to 12 November 1955, no earthquakes have been reported from the Abu Dabbab area in the International Seismological Center catalogue (ISC). The largest earthquake in Abu Dabbab area occurred on November 12, 1955 with magnitude Mb 6.0. The closest station from the epicenter was at Helwan (about 700 km to the north), so the depth of this event is not constrained and no foreshocks or aftershocks were recorded. Two other earthquakes of magnitude Mb 4.5 and 5.2 took place in the same area on March 02, 1982 and July 02, 1984, respectively. Since the installation of Aswan Seismic Network stations in 1982, (250-300 km to the south-west of Abu Dabbab area) then the Egyptian Natoinal Seismic Network stations, it was possible to record some activity from Abu Dabbab area. The recorded earthquakes at Abu Dabbab area as recorded from 1982 to 2014 shows that the earthquake epicenters are distributed in the same direction of the main trends of the faults in the area, which is parallel to the Red Sea coast. The spectral analysis was made for some earthquakes. The source parameters, seismic moment (Mo), source dimension (r), stress drop (Δδ), and apparent stress (δ) are determined for these events. The spectral analysis technique was completed using MAG software program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Dabbab" title="Abu Dabbab">Abu Dabbab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismicity" title=" seismicity"> seismicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20moment" title=" seismic moment"> seismic moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20parameter" title=" source parameter"> source parameter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35764/seismicity-and-source-parameter-of-some-events-in-abu-dabbab-area-red-sea-coast" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Sea Border Dispute between Greece and Turkey in the Mediterrenean: Implications for Turkey’s Maritime Security and Its Military Spending</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aslihan%20Caliskan">Aslihan Caliskan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The term Mediterranean comes from the Latin “mediterraneus” (Medius, "middle" plus Terra, "land, earth"). For the ancient Romans, the Mediterranean was the center of the earth as they knew it. The desire to gain control of the Mediterranean has led to disputes between many nations throughout history, some of which continue to this day. The recent major natural gas discoveries in the Mediterranean have aggravated ongoing tensions in some neighboring countries. The sea border dispute between Turkey and Greece & Greek-Cypriot side is one of the most critical conflicts in the Mediterranean Sea region. This unresolved dispute has many implications for all countries involved, as well as for third parties that have direct or indirect interests in the region. The research question of this context is what are the implications of this controversial sea border problem on the maritime security of Turkey and its military spending. In this paper, the quantitative method is used. Records from the Turkish Defense Ministry, data from the Turkish naval forces have been obtained. In addition, literature research and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) application cases were evaluated, and an incident analysis was carried out. This research shows that the sea border dispute issue has a significant impact on the Turkish military both in terms of the structures required to ensure maritime and border security, as well as rising military costs and its macroeconomic implications. The paper begins with a brief overview of relevant principles and methods applied for delimiting th esea borders. The paper continues with a brief description and a background of the sea border dispute between Turkey and Greece & Greek-Cypriot side in the light of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). An analysis of the implications of the dispute on Turkey’s maritime security and its military spending is provided in the following chapters. The paper ends with concluding remarks of the author, including suggestions for the way forward. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20border%20security" title="sea border security">sea border security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediterranean%20sea" title=" mediterranean sea"> mediterranean sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greece-turkey%20dispute" title=" greece-turkey dispute"> greece-turkey dispute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limitation%20of%20sea" title=" limitation of sea"> limitation of sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=united%20nations%20convention%20on%20the%20law%20of%20the%20sea%20%28UNCLOS%29" title=" united nations convention on the law of the sea (UNCLOS)"> united nations convention on the law of the sea (UNCLOS)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134368/sea-border-dispute-between-greece-and-turkey-in-the-mediterrenean-implications-for-turkeys-maritime-security-and-its-military-spending" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Judicial Review of Indonesia's Position as the First Archipelagic State to implement the Traffic Separation Scheme to Establish Maritime Safety and Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosmini%20Yanti">Rosmini Yanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safira%20Aviolita"> Safira Aviolita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marsetio"> Marsetio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indonesia has several straits that are very important as a shipping lane, including the Sunda Strait and the Lombok Strait, which are the part of the Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lane (IASL). An increase in traffic on the Marine Archipelago makes the task of monitoring sea routes increasingly difficult. Indonesia has proposed the establishment of a Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) in the Sunda Strait and the Lombok Strait and the country now has the right to be able to conceptualize the TSS as well as the obligation to regulate it. Indonesia has the right to maintain national safety and sovereignty. In setting the TSS, Indonesia needs to issue national regulations that are in accordance with international law and the general provisions of the IMO (International Maritime Organization) can then be used as guidelines for maritime safety and security in the Sunda Strait and the Lombok Strait. The research method used is a qualitative method with the concept of linguistic and visual data collection. The source of the data is the analysis of documents and regulations. The results show that the determination of TSS was justified by International Law, in accordance with article 22, article 41, and article 53 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982. The determination of TSS by the Indonesian government would be in accordance with COLREG (International Convention on Preventing Collisions at Sea) 10, which has been designed to follow IASL. Thus, TSS can provide a function as a safety and monitoring medium to minimize ship accidents or collisions, including the warship and aircraft of other countries that cross the IASL. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archipelago%20state" title="archipelago state">archipelago state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20law" title=" maritime law"> maritime law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20security" title=" maritime security"> maritime security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20separation%20scheme" title=" traffic separation scheme"> traffic separation scheme</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117844/judicial-review-of-indonesias-position-as-the-first-archipelagic-state-to-implement-the-traffic-separation-scheme-to-establish-maritime-safety-and-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117844.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Texture Characterization and Mineralogical Composition of the 1982-1983 Second Phase Galunggung Eruption, West Java Regency, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hanif%20Irsyada">M. Hanif Irsyada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rifaldy"> Rifaldy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arif%20Lutfi%20Namury"> Arif Lutfi Namury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syahreza%20S.%20Angkasa"> Syahreza S. Angkasa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Rizky"> Khalid Rizky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricky%20Aryanto"> Ricky Aryanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Alfiyan%20Bagus"> M. Alfiyan Bagus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Excobar%20Arman"> Excobar Arman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahri%20Septianto"> Fahri Septianto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firman%20Najib%20Wibisana"> Firman Najib Wibisana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Galunggung Mountain is an active volcano in Indonesia, precisely on the island of Java. This area is included in the Sunda Sunda arc formed by the tendency of the Australian oceanic plate to Eurasian continental plate. This research was conducted to determine the characteristics and document the mineralogical composition of the Galunggung eruption of the second phase 1982-1983. In fragment samples, petrographic analysis is carried out under a qualitative and quantitative polarizing microscope. This sample was obtained from the second phase eruption in the Cibanjanj formation. Based on the analysis results obtained filter texture characteristics, olivine parallel growth, lamellar structure, glass inclusion, plagioclase zonation and obtained special texture in the gabbroic cummulate. The mineral composition consists of phenocryst plagioclase (41vol%), pyroxene (26vol%), olivin (4vol%) and mineral opaque (29vol%). Microlite minerals consist of plagioclase (31.95vol%), pyroxene (12.09vol%), opaque minerals (55.96vol%). This research is expected to be developed by further researchers to be able to explain in more detail related to Galunggung mountain with 3 phases of eruption that are so intense. Also, it is expected to explain the structural characteristics and mineralogical composition that can be used to determine the origin of all the results of the Galunggung eruption 1982-1983. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galunggung%20eruption" title="Galunggung eruption">Galunggung eruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralogical%20composition" title=" mineralogical composition"> mineralogical composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture%20characterization" title=" texture characterization"> texture characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gabbroic%20cumulate" title=" gabbroic cumulate"> gabbroic cumulate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118356/texture-characterization-and-mineralogical-composition-of-the-1982-1983-second-phase-galunggung-eruption-west-java-regency-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> US-China Competition in South China Sea and International Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashra%20Shaheen">Mubashra Shaheen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The conflict over the South China Sea (SCS) is a complex imbroglio spanning over several territorial and maritime claims involving two major island groups, the Paracels and the Spratlys. It has become a major source of geopolitical competition between the United States and China. The study's overall objective is to understand China's land reclamations and assertive behavior in the South China Sea, which lies between both the Western Pacific and the Indian Ocean. Over half of global commerce passes through these waterways, which host a great amount of marine life and hydrocarbon deposits. China's sand-filling and island-building strategy in the South China Sea is motivated by its goal of privatizing all these riches as well as the routes. It would raise China to the pinnacle of world power status as well as allow it to threaten the dominance of the U.S. The study will examine China's assertive behavior and modernization plans as well as the United States' quest for supremacy through the lens of realists. While using a qualitative method of analysis, the study will examine China's nine-dash line claims and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), UNCLOS, and U.S.-China divergence over international law considerations to pacify the tensions in the South China Sea. This paper is intended to explore the possible answers to the following questions: (1) Why does China’s rise necessitate the US's efforts to contain and encircle it through the lending of a hand to strategic partners and allies in the South China Sea? (2) Why South China Sea dispute is so complex imbroglio? (3) What are US-China international law considerations regarding the South China Sea? The study will further follow the bellow research procedure: 1: Comparative Legal Method: This method simply chalk-outs the follow of few steps that discarnate the positive and negative effects of the great power competitions. 2: Conceptualization: The conceptualization of the policies of containment defines and differentiates two different problems behind the persuasive means of hegemony and dominance in the strategic milieu. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=us" title="us">us</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=china" title=" china"> china</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=south%20china%20sea" title=" south china sea"> south china sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unclos" title=" unclos"> unclos</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166998/us-china-competition-in-south-china-sea-and-international-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Identity and Citizenship Crises of Rohingya from the Perspective of Diaspora Communities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mufizur%20Rahman">Mufizur Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This thesis argues that by the citizenship policies of the Myanmar government, the rights of Rohingya have been taken away and the identity of Rohingya has been marginalized. An emphasis is made on the history, ancestors, homeland, and ideal when an individual seeks recognition for ethnic identity. Ethnic groups hold on to their unique culture, cultural heritage, language, homeland, and historical past not only to act in solidarity but also to reinforce the consciousness of national identity. Rohingya ethnic group in Rakhine state (formerly Arakan state) is in seek for identity and citizenship rights in the country. Even though Rohingya people have been living in Arakan for centuries, they are being marginalized and have been deprived of their rights by the 1982 citizenship law, which was created by the authoritarian leader after the military coup in 1962. This study elaborated marginalized and persecuted life of Rohingyas for decades by the Government of Myanmar (GOM) in their homeland and after the enactment of the 1982 Citizenship Law and citizenship policies enforced by the government. Thereby, every right was deprived systematically from the Rohingya by the GOM. By this circumstance of the country, many Rohingyas have fled from the country and sought asylum in other countries. This study primarily used the qualitative research data of in-depth personal interviews by conducting 18 Rohingya participants from the diaspora community, including male and female participants. The study examined the narrative of the Rohingya identity and citizenship policies of their homeland from the personal experience of the diaspora community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohingya" title="Rohingya">Rohingya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizenship%20policies" title=" citizenship policies"> citizenship policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diaspora%20community" title=" Diaspora community"> Diaspora community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homeland" title=" homeland"> homeland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myanmar" title=" Myanmar"> Myanmar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155086/identity-and-citizenship-crises-of-rohingya-from-the-perspective-of-diaspora-communities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Sustainability of Offshore Petroleum Resources Extraction and Management of Bangladesh: International and Regional Frameworks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Farhad%20Hosen">Muhammad Farhad Hosen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article examines the sustainability of offshore petroleum resource extraction and management in Bangladesh, focusing on international and regional frameworks. The analysis includes international conventions such as UNCLOS, IMO regulations, and SDGs, as well as regional cooperation through organizations like BIMSTEC and SAARC. The objective is to highlight the impact of these frameworks on sustainable extraction practices, address challenges, and offer recommendations for enhancing Bangladesh's legal and regulatory approaches to offshore resource management. The article underscores the need for harmonizing national laws with international standards, enhancing enforcement mechanisms, and promoting regional cooperation to ensure sustainable development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20frameworks" title=" international frameworks"> international frameworks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20petroleum" title=" offshore petroleum"> offshore petroleum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20framework" title=" regional framework"> regional framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191015/sustainability-of-offshore-petroleum-resources-extraction-and-management-of-bangladesh-international-and-regional-frameworks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">28</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> A Temporal Analysis on the Legal Status of the Turkish Straits in the Scope of National and International Legislation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gizem%20Kodak">Gizem Kodak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Birsen%20Koldemir"> Birsen Koldemir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Turkish Straits are at the crossroads of Europe and Asia continents and are unique waterways connecting the Black Sea countries to the rest of the world. Because of the geostrategic value of the location, passage of trade and war ships through the Turkish Straits has become a vital attraction and importance for the great powers and the riparian states throughout the history. This study contains a temporal analysis of the legal measures implemented in the Turkish Straits System. In this context, the historical alternation of the Turkish Straits has been examined, taking into account the relevant national and international regulations. In other words, relevant national and international regulations have been examined in this study according to historical time schedules. Parallel to the main concept mentioned above, the first chapter focuses on international regulations. These arrangements are organized according to date order and in three subheadings: Sèvres Treaty (1920), Lausanne Treaty (1923) and Montreux Convention (1936). Another topic, the national regulations, has been examined under five subheadings. These; (1982), Port Regulations of Canakkale (1982), Marine Traffic Regulations of the Turkish Straits and Marmara Region (1994) and Maritime Traffic Regulations for the Turkish Straits (1998). In doing so, the aim was to identify the differences in legal arrangements throughout the time regarding the navigation through the Turkish Straits. The current situation of the Turkish Straits has been presented in detail in the last part of the work, taking Montreux Convention into consideration. In this context, the articles of the Convention which regulate the passage of trade vessels have been examined from two perspectives; Peace time and war time. As for the measures that can be implemented in time of war, three options put forward depending on Turkey's stance: ‘Turkey not being belligerent’, ‘Turkey being belligerent’ and ‘situation in which Turkey considers herself threatened with imminent danger of war’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20analysis" title="temporal analysis">temporal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20law" title=" maritime law"> maritime law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkish%20straits" title=" Turkish straits"> Turkish straits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20accidents" title=" maritime accidents"> maritime accidents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95391/a-temporal-analysis-on-the-legal-status-of-the-turkish-straits-in-the-scope-of-national-and-international-legislation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> The Restrictions of the Householder’s ‘Double Two-Thirds Principles’ in Decision-Making for Elevators Addition to Existing Condominium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haifeng%20Shi">Haifeng Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun%20Song"> Kun Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yili%20Zhao"> Yili Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In China, with the extensive promotion of the ‘aging in place’ pension policy as the background, most of the elders will choose to remain in their current homes and communities, finding out of preference or necessity that they will need to remodel their homes to fit their changing needs. This generation elder born in the 1960s to 1970s almost live in the same form of housing-condominium built from 1982 to 2012. Based on the survey of existing multi-family housing, especially in Tianjin, it is found that the current ‘double two-thirds principles’ is becoming the threshold for modification to existing house, particularly in the project of elevators addition to existing condominium (built from 1982 to 2016 without elevators below 6 floors according to the previous building code). Firstly, this article concludes the local policies of elevator addition nationwide, most of which has determined the importance and necessity of the community-based self-organization principle in the operation of the elevator addition. Secondly, by comparing the three existing community management systems (owners' congress, property management system and community committee) in instances, find that the community-based ‘two-thirds’ principle is not conducive to implement for multi-owned property renovation in the community or common accessibility modification in the building. However, analysis the property and other community management related laws, pointing out the shortcomings of the existing community-based ‘two-thirds’ decision-making norms. The analyzation showed that the unit-based and ‘100% principle’ method is more capable of common accessibility in the condominium in China. Differing from existing laws, the unit-based principle will be effective for the process of decision-making and ‘100% principle’ will protect closely profit-related householders for condominium modification in the multi-owned area. These three aspects of the analysis suggest that the establishment of the unit-based self-organization mechanism is a preferred and inevitable method to solve the problem of elevators addition to the existing condominium in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging%20in%20place" title="aging in place">aging in place</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condominium" title=" condominium"> condominium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modification" title=" modification"> modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi%20own" title=" multi own"> multi own</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90809/the-restrictions-of-the-householders-double-two-thirds-principles-in-decision-making-for-elevators-addition-to-existing-condominium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Legal Means for Access to Information Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameut%20Bouhaik%20Mostafa">Sameut Bouhaik Mostafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Information Act is the Canadian law gives the right of access to information for the institution of government. It declares the availability of government information to the public, but that exceptions should be limited and the necessary right of access to be specific, and also states the need to constantly re-examine the decisions on the disclosure of any government information independently from the government. By 1982, it enacted a dozen countries, including France, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands and the United States (1966) newly legally to access the information. It entered access to Canadian information into force of the Act of 1983, under the government of Pierre Trudeau, allowing Canadians to recover information from government files, and the development of what can be accessed from the information, and the imposition of timetables to respond. It has been applied by the Information Commissioner in Canada. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law" title="law">law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information" title=" information"> information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal" title=" legal"> legal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41230/legal-means-for-access-to-information-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Development of a Mathematical Model to Characterize the Oil Production in the Federal Republic of Nigeria Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20C.%20Njoku">Paul C. Njoku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archana%20Swati%20Njoku"> Archana Swati Njoku </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study deals with the development of a mathematical model to characterize the oil production in Nigeria. This is calculated by initiating the dynamics of oil production in million barrels revenue plan cost of oil production in million nairas and unit cost of production from 1974-1982 in the contest of the federal Republic of Nigeria. This country export oil to other countries as well as importing specialized crude. The transport network from origin/destination tij to pairs is taking into account simulation runs, optimization have been considered in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20oil%20model%20development%20dynamics" title="mathematical oil model development dynamics">mathematical oil model development dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization%20barrels" title=" characterization barrels"> characterization barrels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamics%20of%20oil%20production" title=" dynamics of oil production "> dynamics of oil production </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26647/development-of-a-mathematical-model-to-characterize-the-oil-production-in-the-federal-republic-of-nigeria-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26647.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Impact of Experience-Oriented Marketing on the Buying Behaviour of the Consumers: An Application in Konya </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebru%20Esen">Ebru Esen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omer%20Akkaya"> Omer Akkaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nattanan%20Pankrobkaew"> Nattanan Pankrobkaew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Though the experience concept found its place in the field of marketing in 1982, it is today in front of us as an important phenomenon in understanding the consumer behaviours. In parallel with the globalization and intensification of the competition, the enterprises have been in an effort to provide unique experiences for their consumers by going beyond providing services with the products. In this context, experience-oriented marketing enables the enterprises to use the marketing strategies of providing experiences for their customers and to have advantages in terms of competition. Based on it, this article discusses the concepts of experience, experience-oriented marketing and buying behaviour of consumers as a whole, and details about the application conducted in Konya Selcuklu University. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20behavior" title="consumer behavior">consumer behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experience" title=" experience"> experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experience%20marketing" title=" experience marketing"> experience marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31979/impact-of-experience-oriented-marketing-on-the-buying-behaviour-of-the-consumers-an-application-in-konya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Impact of Experience-Oriented Marketing on the Buying Behaviour of the Consumers: An Application in Konya Selcuk University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebru%20Esen">Ebru Esen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96mer%20Akkaya"> Ömer Akkaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nattanan%20Pankrobkaew"> Nattanan Pankrobkaew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Though the experience concept found its place in the field of marketing in 1982, it is today in front of us as an important phenomenon in understanding the consumer behaviours. In parallel with the globalization and intensification of the competition, the enterprises have been in an effort to provide unique experiences for their consumers by going beyond providing services with the products. In this context, experience-oriented marketing enables the enterprises to use the marketing strategies of providing experiences for their customers and to have advantages in terms of competition. Based on it, this article discusses the concepts of experience, experience-oriented marketing and buying behaviour of consumers as a whole, and details about the application conducted in Konya Selcuklu University. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experience" title="experience">experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experience%20marketing" title=" experience marketing"> experience marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buying%20behaviour%20of%20consumers" title=" buying behaviour of consumers"> buying behaviour of consumers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32362/impact-of-experience-oriented-marketing-on-the-buying-behaviour-of-the-consumers-an-application-in-konya-selcuk-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Dissatisfaction as a Cause of Social Uprisings: An Empirical Analysis Utilizing the Social Uprisings Composite Indicator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sondos%20Shaheen">Sondos Shaheen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper employs a newly constructed composite indicator of social uprisings (SUCI) to analyze the causes of their occurrence. This empirical study is based on an unbalanced panel of 45 countries over the period of 1982–2007. The paper’s contribution to the literature is distinguishing between the causes of violent and nonviolent uprisings. The analysis shows that that certain variables have a significant impact on both violent and nonviolent uprisings in terms of relative SUCI values, for example, ethnic fractionalization and mountainous terrain. Nevertheless, differences between the causes of violent and nonviolent uprisings can be found. For example, life dissatisfaction is related to nonviolent social uprisings, but when life dissatisfaction is accompanied by democratic dissatisfaction, violent social uprisings are more likely. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20uprisings" title="social uprisings">social uprisings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20deprivation" title=" relative deprivation"> relative deprivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissatisfaction" title=" dissatisfaction"> dissatisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobilization" title=" mobilization"> mobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-government%20movements" title=" anti-government movements"> anti-government movements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causes" title=" causes"> causes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61723/dissatisfaction-as-a-cause-of-social-uprisings-an-empirical-analysis-utilizing-the-social-uprisings-composite-indicator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Analysis and Quantification of Historical Drought for Basin Wide Drought Preparedness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joo-Heon%20Lee">Joo-Heon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho-Won%20Jang"> Ho-Won Jang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung-Won%20Cho"> Hyung-Won Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Woong%20Kim"> Tae-Woong Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drought is a recurrent climatic feature that occurs in virtually every climatic zone around the world. Korea experiences the drought almost every year at the regional scale mainly during in the winter and spring seasons. Moreover, extremely severe droughts at a national scale also occurred at a frequency of six to seven years. Various drought indices had developed as tools to quantitatively monitor different types of droughts and are utilized in the field of drought analysis. Since drought is closely related with climatological and topographic characteristics of the drought prone areas, the basins where droughts are frequently occurred need separate drought preparedness and contingency plans. In this study, an analysis using statistical methods was carried out for the historical droughts occurred in the five major river basins in Korea so that drought characteristics can be quantitatively investigated. It was also aimed to provide information with which differentiated and customized drought preparedness plans can be established based on the basin level analysis results. Conventional methods which quantifies drought execute an evaluation by applying a various drought indices. However, the evaluation results for same drought event are different according to different analysis technique. Especially, evaluation of drought event differs depend on how we view the severity or duration of drought in the evaluation process. Therefore, it was intended to draw a drought history for the most severely affected five major river basins of Korea by investigating a magnitude of drought that can simultaneously consider severity, duration, and the damaged areas by applying drought run theory with the use of SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) that can efficiently quantifies meteorological drought. Further, quantitative analysis for the historical extreme drought at various viewpoints such as average severity, duration, and magnitude of drought was attempted. At the same time, it was intended to quantitatively analyze the historical drought events by estimating the return period by derived SDF (severity-duration-frequency) curve for the five major river basins through parametric regional drought frequency analysis. Analysis results showed that the extremely severe drought years were in the years of 1962, 1988, 1994, and 2014 in the Han River basin. While, the extreme droughts were occurred in 1982 and 1988 in the Nakdong river basin, 1994 in the Geumg basin, 1988 and 1994 in Youngsan river basin, 1988, 1994, 1995, and 2000 in the Seomjin river basin. While, the extremely severe drought years at national level in the Korean Peninsula were occurred in 1988 and 1994. The most damaged drought were in 1981~1982 and 1994~1995 which lasted for longer than two years. The return period of the most severe drought at each river basin was turned out to be at a frequency of 50~100 years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought%20magnitude" title="drought magnitude">drought magnitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20frequency%20analysis" title=" regional frequency analysis"> regional frequency analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPI" title=" SPI"> SPI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SDF%28severity-duration-frequency%29%20curve" title=" SDF(severity-duration-frequency) curve"> SDF(severity-duration-frequency) curve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37179/analysis-and-quantification-of-historical-drought-for-basin-wide-drought-preparedness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Study of Temperature and Precipitation Changes Based on the Scenarios (IPCC) in the Caspian Sea City: Case Study in Gillan Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Rashidian">Leila Rashidian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Rajabali"> Mina Rajabali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrialization has made progress and comfort for human beings in many aspects. It is not only achievement for the global environment but also factor for destruction and disruption of the Earth's climate. In this study, we used LARS.WG model and down scaling of general circulation climate model HADCM-3 daily precipitation amounts, minimum and maximum temperature and daily sunshine hours. These data are provided by the meteorological organization for Caspian Sea coastal station such as Anzali, Manjil, Rasht, Lahijan and Astara since their establishment is from 1982 until 2010. According to the IPCC scenarios, including series A1b, A2, B1, we tried to simulate data from 2010 to 2040. The rainfall pattern has changed. So we have a rainfall distribution inappropriate in different months. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lars.WG" title=" Lars.WG"> Lars.WG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HADCM3" title=" HADCM3"> HADCM3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gillan%20province" title=" Gillan province"> Gillan province</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climatic%20parameters" title=" climatic parameters"> climatic parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A2%20scenario" title=" A2 scenario"> A2 scenario</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54168/study-of-temperature-and-precipitation-changes-based-on-the-scenarios-ipcc-in-the-caspian-sea-city-case-study-in-gillan-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> The Relationship among EFL Learners’ Creativity, Emotional Intelligence and Self-Efficacy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behdoukht%20Mall%20Amiri">Behdoukht Mall Amiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohreh%20Gheydar"> Zohreh Gheydar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thrust of the current study was to investigate the relationship among EFL learners' creativity (CR), emotional intelligence (EI), and self-efficacy (SE). To this end, a group of 120 male and female learners, between the ages of 19 and 35 studying BA in English Translation and MA in Teaching English at Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran were selected using convenient sampling and were given three questionnaires: Bar-On’s EQ-I questionnaire by Bar-On (1997), the General Self-Efficacy Scale questionnaire (SGSES) by Sherer et al. (1982), and a questionnaire of creativity (CR) by O'Neil, Abedi, and Spielberger (1992). Analysis of the results through Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient showed that there was not a significant relationship between students’ CR and EI, and EI and SE. In addition, CR and SE were correlated significantly but negatively. Multiple regressions revealed that CR could significantly predict SE. Regarding the findings of the study, the obtained results may help EFL teachers, teacher trainers, materials developers, and educational policy makers to possess a broader perspective and heightened degree knowledge toward the TEFL practice and to take practical steps toward the attainments of the desired objectives of the profession. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creativity" title="creativity">creativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotional%20intelligence" title=" emotional intelligence"> emotional intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-efficacy" title=" self-efficacy"> self-efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning" title=" learning"> learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7647/the-relationship-among-efl-learners-creativity-emotional-intelligence-and-self-efficacy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7647.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Encounters with the Other Sisters of the Past: the Role of Colonial History and Memory in the Adjustment of the Postcolonial Female Identity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatiha%20Ka%C3%AFd%20Berrahal">Fatiha Kaïd Berrahal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nassima%20Ka%C3%AFd"> Nassima Kaïd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djihad%20Affaf%20Selt"> Djihad Affaf Selt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper is a comparative analysis of the Algerian writer Assia Djebar’s women of Algiers in Their Apartment (1982) and the Anglo-Egyptian Ahdaf Soueif’s The Map of Love (1999) foregrounded on the female protagonists’ painfully common colonial and patriarchal experiences, though in different geographical regions of North Africa. This study raises questions pertaining, first, to the emerging contemporary genre “Historiographic meta-fiction” in which the novels examined could be inscribed, then, the interplay of colonial history and personal memory that impinges on the development of the identity of the post-colonial female subject. As the novels alternate between the historical and the autobiographical, we currently seek to understand how it is pertinent and pressing for women to excavate the lost and occluded stories of the past for the adjustment of their present personal identities, which are undoubtedly an important part of the identity of a nation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postcolonial%20feminism" title="postcolonial feminism">postcolonial feminism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20feminism" title=" islamic feminism"> islamic feminism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histoirographic%20metafiction" title=" histoirographic metafiction"> histoirographic metafiction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19905/encounters-with-the-other-sisters-of-the-past-the-role-of-colonial-history-and-memory-in-the-adjustment-of-the-postcolonial-female-identity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">644</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Modeling Sediment Yield Using the SWAT Model: A Case Study of Upper Ankara River Basin, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umit%20Duru">Umit Duru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was tested for prediction of water balance and sediment yield in the Ankara gauged basin, Turkey. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and applicability of the SWAT in this region of Turkey. Thirteen years of monthly stream flow, and suspended sediment, data were used for calibration and validation. This research assessed model performance based on differences between observed and predicted suspended sediment yield during calibration (1987-1996) and validation (1982-1984) periods. Statistical comparisons of suspended sediment produced values for NSE (Nash Sutcliffe efficiency), RE (relative error), and R² (coefficient of determination), of 0.81, -1.55, and 0.93, respectively, during the calibration period, and NSE, RE (%), and R² of 0.77, -2.61, and 0.87, respectively, during the validation period. Based on the analyses, SWAT satisfactorily simulated observed hydrology and sediment yields and can be used as a tool in decision making for water resources planning and management in the basin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calibration" title="calibration">calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20yield" title=" sediment yield"> sediment yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWAT" title=" SWAT"> SWAT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55249/modeling-sediment-yield-using-the-swat-model-a-case-study-of-upper-ankara-river-basin-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> A Short History of Recorder Education in Taiwan: A Qualitative Research about the Process of the Recorder Move into the Compulsory Schooling System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jen-Fu%20Lee">Jen-Fu Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> From the 1980s, the ministry of education in Taiwan moves the instrument ‘Recorder’ into the 9-year compulsory schooling system. The recorder is widely popularized successfully in Taiwan. The research aims to document the history of how the recorder came into Taiwan, what the process of the recorder moving into the schooling system is; what the meaning for the recorder moving into the schooling system is by searching the papers about the recorder in Taiwan and interviewing the people who had participated the process. The research discovers that the recorder in Taiwan was popularized nongovernmental by Shang-Ren, Wang. Shang-Ren, Wang imported 200 recorders from Japan in 1982 and then founded a publishing house which publishes the books and sheets about the recorder in 1983. The reason of Shang-Ren, Wang committed to popularizing the recorder is to spread the Orff Approach in Taiwan. Except for the technique of playing the recorder, the knowledge of the history of the recorder and the role that it plays in Early Music is not available in school. The recorder only plays a ‘Cheap and Easy’ instrument which is suitable for the schooling system in Taiwan, cannot develop to a professional instrument. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recorder" title="recorder">recorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taiwan" title=" Taiwan"> Taiwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shang-Ren" title=" Shang-Ren"> Shang-Ren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang" title=" Wang"> Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compulsory%20schooling%20system" title=" compulsory schooling system"> compulsory schooling system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57663/a-short-history-of-recorder-education-in-taiwan-a-qualitative-research-about-the-process-of-the-recorder-move-into-the-compulsory-schooling-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> The Breast Surgery Movement: A 50 Year Development of the Surgical Specialty</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lauren%20Zammerilla%20Westcott">Lauren Zammerilla Westcott</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronald%20C.%20Jones"> Ronald C. Jones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20W.%20Fleshman"> James W. Fleshman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The surgical treatment of breast cancer has rapidly evolved over the past 50 years, progressing from Halsted’s radical mastectomy to a public campaign of surgical options, aesthetic reconstruction, and patient empowerment. This article examines the happenings that led to the transition of breast surgery as a subset of general surgery to its own specialized field. Sparked by the research of Dr. Bernard Fisher and the first National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project trial in 1971, the field of breast surgery underwent significant growth over the next several decades, enabling general surgeons to limit their practices to the breast. High surgical volumes eventually led to the development of the first formal breast surgical oncology fellowship in a large community-based hospital at Baylor University Medical Center in 1982. The establishment of the American Society of Breast Surgeons, as well several landmark clinical trials and public campaign efforts, further contributed to the advancement of breast surgery, making it the specialized field of the current era. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title="breast cancer">breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20fellowship" title=" breast fellowship"> breast fellowship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20surgery" title=" breast surgery"> breast surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgical%20history" title=" surgical history"> surgical history</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139585/the-breast-surgery-movement-a-50-year-development-of-the-surgical-specialty" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Exploring a Teaching Method for Elementary Students to Promote Cross-Cultural Understanding: Utilizing an American Film</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikako%20Nobuhara">Mikako Nobuhara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the effective methods of nurturing elementary students’ cross-cultural understanding. The delivery lecture was conducted in a private elementary school class for understanding cross-cultural differences through the film E.T. (1982). Interviews of care supporters and students were conducted, as well as student discussions were held after the class. The results were carefully observed and analyzed. Suitable findings were obtained, for instance, students’ listening skills improved; further, they deeply thought about the main character’s feelings after watching the movie. Moreover, their interest in studying English as a foreign language increased. In conclusion, more classes where students can express their opinions in front of the class need to be offered; this would enable the students to nurture their critical thinking abilities and build a sense of accomplishment when they are in elementary school. Utilizing films is one of the best ways to provide students good opportunities to engage in discussions on a specific theme. This is particularly true for elementary school students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural%20understanding" title="cross-cultural understanding">cross-cultural understanding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20education" title=" English education"> English education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elementary%20schools" title=" elementary schools"> elementary schools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=films" title=" films"> films</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89337/exploring-a-teaching-method-for-elementary-students-to-promote-cross-cultural-understanding-utilizing-an-american-film" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Retrospective Analysis of the Damage of Agricultural Crops from Hail in Eastern Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valerian%20Omsarashvili">Valerian Omsarashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nino%20Jamrishvili"> Nino Jamrishvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Georgia is one of the hail-dangerous countries of world. The work on action on hail processes in Georgia was conducted in 1960-1989 (East Georgia) over the total area of approximately 1.2 million hectares with average positive economic effect near 75 %. In 2015 in East Georgia, the anti-hail service was restored. Therefore, for the estimation of the effectiveness of action on the hail processes at present, arose the need for the detailed analysis of damage from the hail in the past. The work presents the analysis of the data about the number of days with the hail, the areas of damage of agricultural crops (general and to 100 %), and also the economic damage from the hail, of the caused loss to agricultural crops on the territories land of 123 separate populated areas of into 1982 and 1984-1989. In particular, on the average to one populated area, the total area of agricultural crops damaged from the hail was approximately 140 hectares, to 100% damage - 60 hectares, economic damage - 120 thousand US dollars. The corresponding maps of the distribution of the damaged areas on the investigated territory with the use of GIS-technologies are obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20to%20agricultural%20crops" title="damage to agricultural crops">damage to agricultural crops</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hail" title=" hail"> hail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgia" title=" Georgia"> Georgia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20damage" title=" economic damage"> economic damage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85793/retrospective-analysis-of-the-damage-of-agricultural-crops-from-hail-in-eastern-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Taxonomic and Faunistic Data on the Genus Triaspis Haliday, 1835 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Brachistinae) from Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T%C3%BClin%20Kolda%C5%9F">Tülin Koldaş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96zlem%20%C3%87etin%20Erdo%C4%9Fan"> Özlem Çetin Erdoğan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Beyarslan"> Ahmet Beyarslan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brachistinae Föerster, 1862 is a subfamily of the family Braconidae (order Hymenoptera) with about 410 species distributed all around the world. Brachistinae includes the genera, Eubazus Nees von Esenbeck 1814, Foersteria Szépligeti 1896, Chelostes van Achterberg 1990, Triaspis Haliday 1835 and Schizoprymnus Förster 1862. Members of the subfamily live as parasitoids on the families Curculionidae and Apionidae (Coleoptera), which also include very important agricultural pests.  In generally, members of the genus Triaspis are poorly known biologically. The genus is represented by 37 species in the West Palearctic region and 118 species worldwide. Adult specimens of Triaspis were collected from as wide a range of habitats as possible at different altitudes in different parts of Turkey between 1982 and 2010. Samples collected from short plants using standard insect sweeping nets were transferred into tubes containing 70% ethanol and labelled following their preparations according to museum techniques. Seven Triaspis species have been reported from Turkey in this study. Five of these species are new to the fauna of Turkey. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Triaspis" title="Triaspis">Triaspis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Braconidae" title=" Braconidae"> Braconidae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hymenoptera" title=" Hymenoptera"> Hymenoptera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fauna" title=" fauna"> fauna</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97285/taxonomic-and-faunistic-data-on-the-genus-triaspis-haliday-1835-hymenoptera-braconidae-brachistinae-from-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> The Roots of Amazonia’s Droughts and Floods: Complex Interactions of Pacific and Atlantic Sea-Surface Temperatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosimeire%20Ara%C3%BAjo%20Silva">Rosimeire Araújo Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20Martin%20Fearnside"> Philip Martin Fearnside</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Extreme droughts and floods in the Amazon have serious consequences for natural ecosystems and the human population in the region. The frequency of these events has increased in recent years, and projections of climate change predict greater frequency and intensity of these events. Understanding the links between these extreme events and different patterns of sea surface temperature in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans is essential, both to improve the modeling of climate change and its consequences and to support efforts of adaptation in the region. The relationship between sea temperatures and events in the Amazon is much more complex than is usually assumed in climatic models. Warming and cooling of different parts of the oceans, as well as the interaction between simultaneous temperature changes in different parts of each ocean and between the two oceans, have specific consequences for the Amazon, with effects on precipitation that vary in different parts of the region. Simplistic generalities, such as the association between El Niño events and droughts in the Amazon, do not capture this complexity. We investigated the variability of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the Tropical Pacific Ocean during the period 1950-2022, using Empirical Orthogonal Functions (FOE), spectral analysis coherence and wavelet phase. The two were identified as the main modes of variability, which explain about 53,9% and 13,3%, respectively, of the total variance of the data. The spectral and coherence analysis and wavelets phase showed that the first selected mode represents the warming in the central part of the Pacific Ocean (the “Central El Niño”), while the second mode represents warming in the eastern part of the Pacific (the “Eastern El Niño The effects of the 1982-1983 and 1976-1977 El Niño events in the Amazon, although both events were characterized by an increase in sea surface temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific, the impact on rainfall in the Amazon was distinct. In the rainy season, from December to March, the sub-basins of the Japurá, Jutaí, Jatapu, Tapajós, Trombetas and Xingu rivers were the regions that showed the greatest reductions in rainfall associated with El Niño Central (1982-1983), while the sub-basins of the Javari, Purus, Negro and Madeira rivers had the most pronounced reductions in the year of Eastern El Niño (1976-1977). In the transition to the dry season, in April, the greatest reductions were associated with the Eastern El Niño year for the majority of the study region, with the exception only of the sub-basins of the Madeira, Trombetas and Xingu rivers, which had their associated reductions to Central El Niño. In the dry season from July to September, the sub-basins of the Japurá Jutaí Jatapu Javari Trombetas and Madeira rivers were the rivers that showed the greatest reductions in rainfall associated with El Niño Central, while the sub-basins of the Tapajós Purus Negro and Xingu rivers had the most pronounced reductions. In the Eastern El Niño year this season. In this way, it is possible to conclude that the Central (Eastern) El Niño controlled the reductions in soil moisture in the dry (rainy) season for all sub-basins shown in this study. Extreme drought events associated with these meteorological phenomena can lead to a significant increase in the occurrence of forest fires. These fires have a devastating impact on Amazonian vegetation, resulting in the irreparable loss of biodiversity and the release of large amounts of carbon stored in the forest, contributing to the increase in the greenhouse effect and global climate change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20surface%20temperature" title="sea surface temperature">sea surface temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variability" title=" variability"> variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate" title=" climate"> climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amazon" title=" Amazon"> Amazon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175407/the-roots-of-amazonias-droughts-and-floods-complex-interactions-of-pacific-and-atlantic-sea-surface-temperatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> The Impact of Non-Oil Revenue on Nigeria’s Economic Growth and Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20O.%20Sulaiman">Abubakar O. Sulaiman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agriculture was the main stay of Nigeria’s economy before the oil boom of the 1970s caused a gradual but steady shift from agriculture to crude oil as the major source of revenue and foreign exchange. The economy later experienced many symptoms of the 'Dutch disease', with exchange rate appreciation and erosion of competitiveness of the non-oil tradable goods. In order to reverse the worsening economic situations -high unemployment, galloping inflation, deteriorating balance of payment, declining economic growth, and fiscal deficits among others- the government, embarked on austerity measures in 1982 and Structure Adjustment Programme (SAP) in 1986. One of the cornerstones of SAP is the diversification of the economy from oil to non-oil. In the form of stocktaking, this paper investigates the impact of non-oil revenue on economic growth in Nigeria using quarterly time-series data from 1980 to 2019. The findings revealed that a long-run relationship exists between the variables (non-oil variables) and economic growth in Nigeria. Among the variables, (agriculture revenue, manufacturing revenue, revenue from services, and company income tax) contributed substantially to economic growth. The paper recommends that the government should continue to intensify efforts and policies in the diversification of the economy as it will bring about sustainable non-oil revenue and economic growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-oil%20revenue" title="non-oil revenue">non-oil revenue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export" title=" export"> export</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long%20run%20relationship" title=" long run relationship"> long run relationship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123385/the-impact-of-non-oil-revenue-on-nigerias-economic-growth-and-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Optimization of Groundwater Utilization in Fish Aquaculture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ahmed%20Eldesouky">M. Ahmed Eldesouky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nasr"> S. Nasr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Beltagy"> A. Beltagy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Groundwater is generally considered as the best source for aquaculture as it is well protected from contamination. The most common problem limiting the use of groundwater in Egypt is its high iron, manganese and ammonia content. This problem is often overcome by applying the treatment before use. Aeration in many cases is not enough to oxidize iron and manganese in complex forms with organics. Most of the treatment we use potassium permanganate as an oxidizer followed by a pressurized closed green sand filter. The aim of present study is to investigate the optimum characteristics of groundwater to give lowest iron, manganese and ammonia, maximum production and quality of fish in aquaculture in El-Max Research Station. The major design goal of the system was determined the optimum time for harvesting the treated water, pH, and Glauconite weight to use it for aquaculture process in the research site and achieve the Egyptian law (48/1982) and EPA level required for aquaculture. The water characteristics are [Fe = 0.116 mg/L, Mn = 1.36 mg/L,TN = 0.44 mg/L , TP = 0.07 mg/L , Ammonia = 0.386 mg/L] by using the glauconite filter we obtained high efficiency for removal for [(Fe, Mn and Ammonia] ,but in the Lab we obtained result for (Fe, 43-97), ( Mn,92-99 ), and ( Ammonia, 66-88 )]. We summarized the results to show the optimum time, pH, Glauconite weight, and the best model for design in the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquaculture" title="aquaculture">aquaculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonia%20in%20groundwater" title=" ammonia in groundwater"> ammonia in groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20and%20manganese%20in%20water" title=" iron and manganese in water"> iron and manganese in water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20treatment" title=" groundwater treatment"> groundwater treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46529/optimization-of-groundwater-utilization-in-fish-aquaculture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy: The Challenges of Translating Science Fiction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esteban%20Tremoco">Esteban Tremoco</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article aims to highlight some specificities of translating Science Fiction (SF literature) and, more particularly, its comic subgenre. Translating SF presupposes the translation of neologisms and gadget names of all kinds, while the translation of humor sometimes implies a need for the translator to slightly modify certain scenes or situations. In the French translation of Douglas Adams' Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Jean Bonnefoy (Guide du routard galactique, 1982), the humorous dimension of the book is enhanced through certain choices made by the translator. One of the striking aspects of this translation is that almost all of the characters’ names have been translated, which is not the case in the German, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese translations. While there may be translations of characters’ names outside of the SF literature, there is no denying that by translating them, Jean Bonnefoy added a humorous layer to Adams' work. This work belongs to science fiction literature thanks to gadgets resulting from futuristic technological innovations, but also the presence of space travel, extra-terrestrials and mysterious worlds, which are central elements in SF. These names of planets, aliens, and other gadgets have also been translated, adapted, or at least reinvented, by Jean Bonnefoy in order to amuse the French-speaking readership. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation" title="translation">translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation%20studies" title=" translation studies"> translation studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humour" title=" humour"> humour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20fiction" title=" science fiction"> science fiction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167393/the-hitchhikers-guide-to-the-galaxy-the-challenges-of-translating-science-fiction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> 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